[HN Gopher] Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) as a Way to Increas...
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       Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) as a Way to Increase Food Volume
       and Satiety
        
       Author : networked
       Score  : 29 points
       Date   : 2021-07-25 18:58 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (journals.sagepub.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (journals.sagepub.com)
        
       | Turing_Machine wrote:
       | The paper addresses the use of fiber supplements (such as
       | psyllium).
       | 
       | "Fiber is sometimes supplemented to the diet for this purpose,
       | but the use of fiber causes soft bulky stools and is commercially
       | limited because it alters the taste and texture of food."
       | 
       | In fact, that's generally why people take them, but there is too
       | much of a good thing. PTFE doesn't do that.
       | 
       | That said, I'm not going to start grinding up Teflon in my food
       | just yet.
        
         | s0rce wrote:
         | I can't imagine that bulking up my foods with teflon powder
         | wouldn't also alter the texture, possibly the taste as well,
         | although simply by diluting with tasteless powder.
        
           | Turing_Machine wrote:
           | I'm guessing that the "soft, bulky stools" is really the
           | limiting factor here.
        
             | s0rce wrote:
             | I don't think all natural fiber sources have this issue.
             | Finely ground non absorbent insoluble and non fermentable
             | fiber, like wheat bran or just cellulose appear to have the
             | opposite effect.
        
       | maddyboo wrote:
       | Tough choice. We could fill our foods with tasteless indigestible
       | plastic so that we can gorge ourselves on processed foods and not
       | get fat, or we could eat a healthy diet. I'm split.
        
       | sildur wrote:
       | This is going to add a fair amount of impossible to decompose
       | microplastics to the ocean.
        
         | CognitiveLens wrote:
         | I had a similar thought, but I wonder how much a 'powder' would
         | qualify as microplastic - can a microplastic be so small that
         | it doesn't have the same food-chain impact as slightly-larger
         | microplastic? Is it possible to make a substance that is
         | universally 100% excreted by every organism?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jVinc wrote:
       | Interesting research, even if it isn't something you'd
       | immediately assume would go into commercial products. The fact
       | that they see a weight decrease simply from adding calorie free
       | weight to the food is interesting to me. I knew different foods
       | can have vastly satiety at the same calorie count, but I would
       | not assume that this could be simply due to a weight or volume
       | difference. I would more have assumed that our bodies response to
       | breaking down the foods would regulate our hunger to aim for a
       | given amount of energy intake.
        
         | medstrom wrote:
         | It's rarely questioned in our society that satiety comes down
         | to food volume (or weight). It's what we mean by "high calorie"
         | food: high kcal per gram.
         | 
         | I agree with you, but a mind-bending consequence is that
         | there's no such thing as high calorie food.
        
       | Q57C3HYc7g wrote:
       | I believe this article was cited in this paper which was featured
       | on HN recently: https://osf.io/x4fk3/
       | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27936016). Two very
       | opposing viewpoints...
        
       | s0rce wrote:
       | This seems fundamentally the same as insoluble fiber component of
       | plants/vegetables. Why not just eat a bunch of
       | cellulose/lignin/chitin/other non-starch polysaccharides, seems
       | less likely to have some bad/unexpected side-effect.
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | Fundamentally I agree with you and have been doing my best to
         | remove 20th century laboratory science experiments from my
         | diet. I mostly don't use Teflon at all and when I do I clean it
         | using hot water jets instead of scrubbing it.
         | 
         | That being said, I'm not a chemist, I was just mostly awake
         | during undergrad chem, and I know there are fluorine compounds
         | that are enthusiastic oxidizers[1], but some like Teflon
         | coatings are more or less chemically inert. I assume that's
         | because the oxidization has been taken to the point it's going
         | to go. Is there a fluorine compound that will happily oxidize
         | Teflon? The point of my rambling is can it be conclusively
         | shown in controlled laboratory experiments that these compounds
         | are completely nonreactive with the human digestive tract?
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2010/02/23/th...
        
           | exmadscientist wrote:
           | > Is there a fluorine compound that will happily oxidize
           | Teflon?
           | 
           | No. It can't be done. PTFE is fully oxidized (well,
           | fluorinated).
           | 
           | > The point of my rambling is can it be conclusively shown in
           | controlled laboratory experiments that these compounds are
           | completely nonreactive with the human digestive tract?
           | 
           | I haven't looked for the study, but even if it hasn't been
           | done, it's clear that fully fluorinated substances are not
           | major health risks.
           | 
           | What so many "oh no, TEFLON!!1!" people don't understand is
           | that PTFE really is as chemically harmless as the evil
           | chemical companies say it is. The problem is that this stuff
           | isn't entirely PTFE (or even PFA, which is close enough even
           | if it's oxygen in some spots instead of fluorine). Fail to
           | fluorinate one location on that PTFE molecule and you've left
           | a reasonably reactive pocket that can start causing trouble.
           | (You end up with an inert PTFE chain hung off of some other
           | molecule, which will gum up the works.)
           | 
           | So... just fully fluorinate stuff, then? Unfortunately
           | there's only one fully fluorinated molecule chain, and that's
           | PTFE. Everything else, other than PTFE, is more reactive, and
           | thus more toxic. (I guess there's also tetrafluoromethane,
           | but that's gaseous.) And you need other things than PTFE:
           | PTFE is chemically inert enough that it's difficult to
           | mechanically bond to things. Other fluoropolymers are used to
           | make bonding layers to help attach PTFE to substrates.
           | _These_ are what you should worry about in your cookware:
           | they 're intentionally more reactive!
           | 
           | The other wrinkle is that I mentioned that fluoropolymers are
           | chemically inert, because they are. But they're not
           | thermodynamically inert. Get them hot, and they decompose
           | into things with more reactive sites, usually in an
           | uncontrolled way that admits some pretty nasty byproducts.
           | (See "MTV flares" for an example of how to harness this.)
           | Thus, the fact that PTFE pans kill birds who are sensitive to
           | these decomposition products is real, and you should _never_
           | use PTFE at high heats.
           | 
           | Fluoropolymers are useful, good for many things, and often
           | quite safe. But there are real dangers. Don't listen to the
           | suits from the chemical company who insist that it's all
           | safe, or the tinfoil hats who insist that it can never be
           | safe. As with so many things, the truth is in between.
        
             | User23 wrote:
             | Thank you! This is quite educational.
        
             | ars wrote:
             | > PTFE is fully oxidized (well, fluorinated).
             | 
             | Can't the C-C bond by oxidized? Teflon will burn if heated
             | enough in a high oxygen atmosphere. From my understanding
             | that's what happened to Apollo 13.
             | 
             | (I'm not implying this will happen in a human gut :)
        
           | s0rce wrote:
           | The manufacturing byproducts are known to be hazardous. Like
           | PFOAs.
        
             | medstrom wrote:
             | The manufacturing byproducts of vegetables are known to be
             | hazardous (pesticide residue).
             | 
             | I'll wager those PFOA are worse, but it's worth saying that
             | if you're gonna manufacture PTFE for human consumption you
             | could possibly clean up the process and get something
             | perfectly clean, even cleaner than vegetables.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | joshuahaglund wrote:
               | This comment makes no sense, it's like you've never heard
               | of organic farming
        
         | mewse-hn wrote:
         | Yeah I felt minor horror reading the abstract. Do we really
         | need to reduce caloric density through indigestible plastics
         | when we could just.. you know.. eat plants??
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Food Engineering (i.e. design and production of factory food,
           | which is most of what's in the grocery store) relies on more
           | flexibility and reliability, plus lower cost, than you can
           | get from ordinary, perishable foods. PTFE is made from
           | petrocarbons, and is easily sourced.
           | 
           | Also the fad for "healthy" foods (when healthy isn't really
           | what's wanted) results in abominations like frozen "organic"
           | (and/or "natural") burritos and the like which require even
           | more stabilizers than the "normal" kind. This is why the CEO
           | of Whole Foods famously declared that 90% of what was on the
           | shelves in his stores was garbage.
           | 
           | TTTT ignoring its production and disposal,* PTFE is super
           | inert (tightly linked to itself, which is why it makes a good
           | nonstick coating). I once ate some plumber's teflon tape to
           | prove to a colleague that it was inert: it came out the other
           | end intact and white.
           | 
           | * but let's not ignore that...I was merely addressing the use
           | in food production in my comment.
        
             | s0rce wrote:
             | PTFE is not really produced from petrocarbons, at least not
             | directly. Its made by polymerization of
             | tetrafluoroethylene, which appears to be made from
             | chloroform + HF, the former is made from petrocarbons
             | (methane/methanol + HCl/Cl), the latter from minerals. PTFE
             | is quite expensive (compared to most other polymers). I
             | suspect PP or PE could work just fine in this application.
             | 
             | I'm just saying that you could simply eat insoluble fiber
             | (from plants or other source) instead of ground up
             | plastics, which will also create a massive source of
             | microplastic pollution and contamination as it comes out
             | the other end.
             | 
             | You can easily store insoluble fiber (cellulose/chitin,
             | etc), in vast quantities in dried form without any major
             | issues, I can't imagine ground up PTFE being significantly
             | better in that regard.
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | Remember the fiasco that was Olestra?[1] It's an indigestible
           | fat. I had the misfortune of being in a test market and tried
           | some Olestra Doritos and they tasted great. Unfortunately the
           | whole point of Olestra is that it's an indigestible fat.
           | Guess how that works out when it reaches the end of the GI
           | tract.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olestra
        
       | riffic wrote:
       | this sounds absolutely awful. psyllium powder does effectively
       | the same thing without the complexity required to produce it:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylene#Produc...
       | 
       | Also, consider where the output needs to go after being consumed
       | by a person.
        
       | jitl wrote:
       | "Two years of Newtrition investment and research had produced
       | CHOW(tm). CHOW(tm) contained spun, plaited, and woven protein
       | molecules, capped and coded, carefully designed to be ignored by
       | even the most ravenous digestive tract enzymes; no-cal
       | sweeteners; mineral oils replacing vegetable oils; fibrous
       | materials, colourings, and flavourings. The end result was a
       | foodstuff almost indistinguishable from any other except for two
       | things. Firstly, the price, which was slightly higher, and
       | secondly the nutritional content, which was roughly equivalent to
       | that of a Sony Walkman. It didn't matter how much you ate, you
       | lost weight[1].
       | 
       | [1] And hair. And skin tone. And, if you ate enough of it long
       | enough, vital signs."
       | 
       | - Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman, Good Omens (1990)
        
         | xen2xen1 wrote:
         | Ooh the Crunch Enhancer? Yeah, it's a non-nutritive cereal
         | varnish. It's semi-permeable, it's not osmotic, what it does is
         | it coats and seals the flake and prevents the milk from
         | penetrating it. Chevy Chase, Christmas Vacation
        
       | BenFrantzDale wrote:
       | So... forever microplastics?
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | It makes one long for the days when the FDA was created to
         | combat the use of fillers like sawdust...
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | And what to do with that teflon after it passes through humans?
        
         | zaknil wrote:
         | We should of course recycle it.
        
           | vburg wrote:
           | soylent brown
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | Wait, Teflon is safe? Why did my mom make me throw out my chipped
       | Teflon pans?
        
       | briefcomment wrote:
       | Since when is Teflon non-toxic? Scientists need to stay away from
       | food.
        
         | readams wrote:
         | Teflon won't react with anything in your body. It's totally
         | inert. It's one of the most inert things we know about. That's
         | the whole point of the article.
        
           | Turing_Machine wrote:
           | It's effectively inert to anything except molten sodium,
           | magnesium, or the like.
           | 
           | It will depolymerize at temperatures above 650-700C.
           | 
           | Neither of those conditions is likely to be found in your
           | body.
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | Yeah, the manufacturing biproducts (PFOA, PFOS etc) can
           | certainly interfere with biological processes and endure in
           | the environment for a long time, but PTFE is relatively
           | benign as a solid... until it gets really hot and decomposes
           | into carbonyls.
        
           | zaknil wrote:
           | You could have said the same thing about asbestos.
        
       | markzzerella wrote:
       | The food of the future is going to be 25% Teflon, 30% mealworm,
       | 30% lab-grown meat concentrate, and 15% assorted insects as real
       | food is regulated out of existence for us proles.
       | 
       | At least we can take solace in watching our betters jet around
       | the world to dine on real food on TV or whatever social network
       | is in vogue at the time.
        
       | wonnage wrote:
       | This is what you get with MD MBAs writing papers huh
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | Does anyone else not feel full if you eat a large volume of low
       | carb food?
       | 
       | I can feel my stomach stretched but if my blood sugar doesn't
       | rise I still feel hungry.
       | 
       | I don't think this trick would work on my body.
        
       | airhead969 wrote:
       | I hope this is a joke.
        
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