[HN Gopher] Please, enough with the dead butterflies (2017)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Please, enough with the dead butterflies (2017)
        
       Author : andrelaszlo
       Score  : 474 points
       Date   : 2021-07-25 09:56 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.emilydamstra.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.emilydamstra.com)
        
       | earlyriser wrote:
       | This is an example of non-dead butterflies (even if the painting
       | is about death)
       | https://www.carolinegaudreault.com/fr/oeuvres/sanctuaire/
       | 
       | Disclaimer: my partner painted it.
        
       | oliwarner wrote:
       | Yeah, fair enough.
       | 
       | One of those posts where you see an argumentative title, get
       | ready to fight it with your lifetime of experience, before
       | realising that maybe the butterfly expert knows best.
       | 
       | Quite interesting _how_ so many people have got it wrong all this
       | time.
        
       | crazydoggers wrote:
       | Hmmmm... you mean exactly like this very much non-dead butterfly?
       | I have a feeling the author hasn't actually spent that much time
       | observing butterflies.
       | 
       | https://ibb.co/YQxprkg
       | 
       | https://ibb.co/S33vvYs
       | 
       | https://ibb.co/6gJDxTR
       | 
       | Edit: To be more specific. Most butterflies hold their wings in
       | this position at rest. Illustrated in 2D it looks "dead"
       | 
       | Moths do happen to hold their wings flat and if you look at field
       | guides are usually illustrated this way.
       | 
       | People who actually spend time observing butterflies would
       | directly contradict the author's assertion.
        
         | crazydoggers wrote:
         | And... immediately downvoted for sharing direct evidence that
         | contradicts the narrative here.
         | 
         | The reason field guides show butterflies this way is because
         | that's how you usually see them. Butterflies hold their wings
         | up most of the time, not flat as the author suggests.
         | 
         | So when illustrated in 2D you see the wings looking "dead".
         | 
         | Or you know... all the scientists and naturalists are just
         | wrong and this artist is right.
         | 
         | Edit: The reason this article is troublesome is because it's
         | another case of spreading misinformation.
         | 
         | If I were going to post a long article about butterfly
         | physiology (which is basically what this purports to be) I
         | would first do research. I'd take the hypotheses "butterflies
         | are illustrated wrong" and see where the current data stands.
         | If I found the data wanting, I'd at least couch the argument
         | along the lines of "the current data is u unconvincing, so
         | here's my theory"
         | 
         | Instead the author cherry picked images that support her
         | narrative, and failed to do any research on the subject, going
         | so far as to say "In field guides and other butterfly reference
         | materials, one frequently sees images of such pinned
         | butterflies because, I _presume_ , it is easy to photograph a
         | dead butterfly" when actually the images have been drawn from
         | live butterflies.
         | 
         | She then states this whole thing as fact rather than what it
         | is, her conjecture (which when put to scrutiny can be shown
         | false)
         | 
         | Now this is a simple article about butterflies, so isn't really
         | a big deal. The problem lies when this same behavior and
         | thinking deals with subjects that are especially important like
         | climate change, vaccines, etc. This is where misinformation
         | starts. In this case Facebook, Twitter, etc could amplify
         | "butterflies are illustrated wrong" just like they amplify
         | "vaccines are bad" and "climate change isn't real".
        
         | Graffur wrote:
         | Yeah - the author and the responses here seem to want to
         | rewrite facts. I mean.. we've all seen butterflies haven't we?
         | We know they look like the artists depiction of them.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | marvin wrote:
       | I coincidentally discovered a similar situation yesterday, when
       | attempting to identify a dazed hornet. Comparing it to specimen
       | photos of presumably dead hornets, it was very hard to match
       | them, as they had their wings and body arranged in a different
       | way.
        
         | throwanem wrote:
         | Don't try to use the wings for identification beyond color and
         | opacity; the way they're typically depicted in illustration and
         | mounted specimens is a way in which the living animal only
         | holds them while flying, when you can't see them clearly
         | anyway. They're mounted that way because the venation can be
         | diagnostic, but you won't be close enough for long enough, and
         | a live wasp won't hold still enough - even I never get anything
         | useful there, and I shoot wild wasps in 1:1 macro every chance
         | I get. The only even marginally plausible bare-eye feature of
         | the wing, beyond aforementioned color and infuscation, is the
         | presence or absence of pterostigmata, and that alone isn't
         | terribly useful.
         | 
         | In general, for bare-eye identification you want to look at
         | size, general conformation (eg Vespinae have a generally more
         | robust build and a markedly blunt postpropodeal gaster vs
         | Polistinae and solitaries, while sawflies don't have a "wasp
         | waist" abdominal petiole at all), body and leg markings, and in
         | some cases proportions of facial features, although that's
         | often more useful in identifying a family or a genus than a
         | species. With a living, active animal, many features can be
         | hard to spot, so knowledge of locally common species is also
         | useful in guiding identification, as is behavior - the four-
         | toothed mason wasps that build nest cells in my porch stair
         | rails look at a glance a lot like bald-faced yellowjackets, but
         | behave totally differently, which can be enough to distinguish
         | even without a chance at a close look.
         | 
         | If you have photos or even just an accurate description and
         | still want a specific (from photos) or at least familial ID, I
         | might be able to give you one from them; I'm only an interested
         | amateur and not as familiar with true hornets since there are
         | few to be found in the Nearctic, but I've been an interested
         | amateur for long enough to be both well supplied with
         | references and reasonably practiced at identification. Feel
         | free to email me at any of the addresses in my profile, or just
         | reply here, and I'll be happy to take a look.
         | 
         | Failing that, if you _do_ have photos, BugGuide and iNaturalist
         | are good options for identification, although my experience
         | with the latter suggests difficult IDs aren 't likely to find
         | much traction there - that might, as some have argued, be an
         | effect of the platform's gamification, but I think it may be
         | more just that hymenopterologists are likely no more common
         | there than elsewhere.
        
       | empiricus wrote:
       | Let's not forget about how butterfly flight is represented in
       | almost all animation movies or games. So fake. Spend so much
       | computation budget for realistic materials and lighting, and then
       | fail so hard on this. For comparison check some real butterflies
       | if you can, or some slow motion movies on youtube to see how it
       | should look.
        
       | franze wrote:
       | "" <- Butterfly Emoji (stripped by HN comment system) is dead,
       | too. Time to file a change request, where?
        
         | enkid wrote:
         | Seems to be a common problem. [0] (Skype's is even actively
         | flapping it's wings) You can put in a request for a new emoji,
         | but I don't see a way to update an existing emoji.[1] Each
         | platform has it own emoji implementation, therefore should have
         | a way to request changes through customer support.
         | 
         | [0] https://emojipedia.org/butterfly/
         | 
         | [1] https://www.unicode.org/emoji/proposals.html
        
           | ant6n wrote:
           | I think the request would be to HN to not filter this emoji
           | out. Maybe they could at least allow the text version?
        
       | Igelau wrote:
       | It's one thing if the butterflies are depicted in contexts
       | suggesting they're supposed to be alive.
       | 
       | For some of these (like the pillow) its obviously just a
       | decorative motif. Dead butterflies are pretty. So are cut
       | flowers, mounted antlers, wood, and scrimshaw.
        
       | Graffur wrote:
       | I don't get it - the Eastern Tailed blue butterfly looks like the
       | "dead" butterfly but it's not dead. This invalidates the authors
       | argument completely.
        
         | lyaa wrote:
         | No, the author mentions that there are exception and the
         | argument stands. The most commonly illustrated butterflies,
         | such as the viceroy definitely look dead in illustrations.
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | Scientific illustration is different than abstract art or cubism
       | or expressionism and has its own rules people. Deal with it.
       | 
       | And by the way, yes, some people like it.
       | 
       | But the biggest problem with the article is that even when lots
       | of people blindly assume that is right, the main idea is wrong.
       | It happens often when people try to use their philosophical ideas
       | to explain nature. Yes, butterflies can spread their wings. If
       | you try to force the wing opened in a impossible position it just
       | will break.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NguiKUyP9r4
        
       | soheil wrote:
       | But what difference does it make? It seems to me the cross
       | sectional area in the photo is larger if the wings are more
       | spread out as in the case with dead butterflies so you end up
       | seeing more of the beautiful wing patterns. What's the point of
       | hiding a portion of that? After all we kill flowers all the time
       | so that our dining tables look slightly more beautiful. There is
       | something morbid about dead butterflies looking better than alive
       | ones, but I don't think you should put all that on "artists" as
       | much as it being a rather unfortunate artifact of the way nature
       | designed it.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | Hugged to death.
       | 
       | I look forward to reading it, once it comes up for air.
        
         | netsec_burn wrote:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20210725100120/https://www.emily...
        
       | montenegrohugo wrote:
       | This is absolutely hilarious and illuminating at the same time.
       | Don't think I'll be able to look at butterfly pictures without
       | remembering this article.
       | 
       | It's also a great example of what I'd consider good HN content.
       | Not necessarily useful or anything, but it certainly tickled my
       | curiosity.
        
         | valine wrote:
         | I saw this article years ago on HN and I can confirm I think of
         | it every time I see a picture of a dead butterfly.
        
         | Graffur wrote:
         | Do you not think the Eastern Tailed blue butterfly looks like
         | the "dead" ones?
        
         | daveFNbuck wrote:
         | I thought I'd remember this forever when I first read it years
         | ago too. When I saw the headline on HN today, I couldn't
         | remember what was unnatural about how we depict butterflies.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | It could be useful for UX/UI folks who have input about
         | content. Or imagine making a pitch (involving nature or
         | tailored to nature) to a conservation agency where someone
         | might have this knowledge and having a picture of a dead
         | butterfly. That might be awkward.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | Those are plausible, but pretty niche situations.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | Yeah, but the niche articles are usually the most
             | interesting. Just look at all the AI/ML/Quantum posts on
             | HN, not to mention the posts that deal with some unusual
             | bug. It's a very low chance that most people will deal with
             | these, yet people still read them for the information.
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | I used to race sailboats. It annoys the heck out of me when drawn
       | depictions of sailboats have the sails on backwards (such as the
       | spinnaker on the rear) or have the wind filling the sails from an
       | impossible direction. It's clear that artists often don't
       | understand their subjects.
        
       | hkopp wrote:
       | A nice example of Baudrillard's hyperreality. Reality and its
       | representation blend together, so it is unclear where one ends
       | and the other begins.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperreality
        
       | steverob wrote:
       | The best Sunday content, I'd say.
        
       | djmips wrote:
       | How many people knew this already and just assumed it was common
       | knowledge that butterflies are draw cartoon like. I mean a lot of
       | illustrated bugs and animals and plants are stylized and look
       | very little like the real thing. Look at cartoon bears for
       | example.
        
       | alecial101 wrote:
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       | something more!
        
       | mattmaroon wrote:
       | I thought this was going to be something like "please stop
       | killing them just because they're pretty" and was disappointed.
        
         | Mary-Jane wrote:
         | I was expecting the same, so I was surprised when it wasn't.
         | Why would you be disappointed?
        
           | mattmaroon wrote:
           | Because I would hope people would not think it's ok to kill
           | an animal because it's pretty. This article is totally fine
           | with that, just wants you to shape the wings like it's alive
           | when you draw them.
        
         | pbhjpbhj wrote:
         | Do people still do that in any significant number?
        
       | JasonFruit wrote:
       | I'd file this article under, "You're enjoying this wrong!" It's
       | just saying that we should stop enjoying a particular
       | representation of butterflies that is less generally lifelike
       | than what the author would prefer. There's nothing wrong with
       | saying that sort of thing, but it's not a particularly
       | interesting assertion, and it's not a very important problem.
       | 
       | (And if you liked the article, you're probably enjoying articles
       | wrong.)
        
       | alisonkisk wrote:
       | Dead butterflies look better. Live butterflies look like moths.
        
         | eru wrote:
         | There's not much difference between the two, is there?
        
           | throwanem wrote:
           | I don't know what characters even a Linnaean taxonomist would
           | use to distinguish the two; my specialization is in
           | hymenopterans, and I'm just an autodidact amateur anyway.
           | Intuitively, though, I would assume a butterfly to be
           | strikingly colored and a moth to be strikingly pubescent.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | You get very colourful moths too, [poplar] hawk moths (UK)
             | are large and well coloured; some butterflies and
             | fritillaries are dull hues. I've never noticed moths to be
             | particularly downy though?
             | 
             | Wing position and form is how I'd differentiate them. Moths
             | have a delta form at rest and don't close their wings
             | together vertically?
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | Well, that's the thing about morphological taxonomy, yeah
               | - it's possible to construct any number of axes of
               | distinction, none of which is really guaranteed to
               | correspond to anything in terms of descent or
               | relatedness. That said, wing posture is imo a better
               | intuition than mine, not least in that you actually can
               | most easily tell dragonflies from damselflies by eye this
               | way - the former hold their wings spread laterally at
               | rest, while the latter fold them along their abdomen. I'm
               | sure there are exceptions in both families, but as a
               | general field rule it does work.
               | 
               | Looking at sources, the current state of play appears to
               | be that butterflies are (mostly) (sorta) monophyletic in
               | Papilionoidea, and moths are paraphyletic in "Lepidoptera
               | except Papilionoidea", but it's all rather messy and
               | nobody's all that sure.
               | 
               | This isn't as unusual as it might sound, actually. You
               | see much the same in Hymenoptera, for example - large
               | insect families just aren't all that comprehensively
               | studied in the first place, not least because many of
               | their members can be quite hard to find, and what prior
               | taxonomic work there was has been undergoing pretty
               | radical revision since the advent of (relatively)
               | inexpensive genomics and the consequent feasibility of
               | molecular taxonomy.
        
       | robbrown451 wrote:
       | I am very happy that the children's hobby of collecting
       | butterflies seems to have nearly disappeared. When I was a kid,
       | other kids had butterfly collection kits that included a "killing
       | jar." It struck me as a bit morbid at the time, but it was common
       | so no big deal.
       | 
       | Even if the species isn't endangered or anything, isn't that kind
       | of messed up? Not a great way for a kid to learn empathy.
       | 
       | My seven year old enjoyed taking close up photos of butterflies a
       | couple days ago using my phone. All the while saying sweet things
       | to them, treating them as friends that she didn't want to
       | frighten. She'd be offended with the idea of catching them to
       | kill them and stick a pin in them to then admire their beauty in
       | all its deadness.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | This isn't obvious at all.
         | 
         | The best advocates for healthy duck and deer populations are
         | people who enjoy killing and eating them.
         | 
         | Butterfly populations are declining throughout the developed
         | world, it seems like a safe bet to me that more amateur
         | lepidopterists would serve as an advocacy group for arresting
         | and reversing that decline.
         | 
         | Any individual butterfly is not long for this world, after all.
         | Killing it and mounting it isn't a threat to its species; no
         | one caring if they live or die is.
        
           | robbrown451 wrote:
           | You've missed the point entirely. It's not only a matter of
           | protecting a species, it's a matter of learning empathy.
        
         | slumdev wrote:
         | > Even if the species isn't endangered or anything, isn't that
         | kind of messed up? Not a great way for a kid to learn empathy.
         | 
         | I think most kids are smart enough to understand the difference
         | between insects and the higher forms of life that are capable
         | of experiencing suffering.
        
           | robbrown451 wrote:
           | I would say that isn't the point. Bugs are perfectly fine to
           | practice empathy with, as are dolls, stuffed animals, etc.
           | 
           | Recently my daughter befriended a tiny ant while at the
           | blacktop at the local rec center. She was sort of taking a
           | time out from interacting with her human friends for a bit.
           | 
           | Then one of her friends came over and squished the ant,
           | thinking it was funny, saying "it's just an ant" when my
           | daughter complained.
           | 
           | It really bothered me. Not the death of the ant, obviously.
           | (so what, I step on them all the time)
           | 
           | I don't know if you have kids, but I think there was
           | something a bit off about that girl and her choice to kill
           | the ant. Maybe you would consider her "smart." I didn't.
        
             | slumdev wrote:
             | I do have kids.
             | 
             | I observe a correlation between overattachment to animals
             | and lack of empathy toward other humans.
             | 
             | In other words, people with "fur babies" are far less
             | likely to have well-formed consciences.
        
               | robbrown451 wrote:
               | My observation is the opposite. Maybe someone should do a
               | study. I've especially noticed that dog owners and dog
               | lovers tend to be kind to people. I tend to agree with
               | this quote:
               | 
               | "He who is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his
               | dealings with men. We can judge the heart of a man by his
               | treatment of animals."
               | 
               | -- Emmanuel Kant
               | 
               | https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/13607-he-who-is-cruel-
               | to-an...
        
         | HorizonXP wrote:
         | We're lucky to have inherited a lovely garden that we've been
         | doing our best to keep up with. Ever since my son was born,
         | he's spent tons of time running around and exploring every
         | section of it. My mom (grandma) and him spend lots of time
         | finding insects, and making friends with them (COVID limited
         | human friendships). He loves snails and will run outside after
         | a rainfall to find the whole snail family. He'll say hi to the
         | ants, and bumblebees. We love finding butterflies, and seeing
         | the variety of birds in our garden. He's always been super
         | gentle and interested in everything we showed him.
         | 
         | He's close to 3 now, so he's exploring life & death.
         | Previously, if we accidentally stepped on a snail, we'd hide it
         | from him. Now, we talk it through and say "Oh no, we
         | accidentally stepped on the snail! Let's apologize to snail and
         | say sorry snail, I didn't mean to step on you. I'll try to be
         | more careful next time." I use the opportunity to explain how
         | the ants & wasps will come and eat the snail now to clean it
         | up. That we try not to kill any insects, plants, or animals
         | unless we plan to eat it.
         | 
         | We have close family with a 5 year old that actually takes very
         | much the opposite approach, even singing a song to kill the
         | ants. Internally, I was horrified, but kept my mouth shut. My
         | son picked it up and was deliberately stepping on ants the next
         | time we were outside. I just reaffirmed the fact that this is
         | the ants' home, and that we should be kind and not hurt ants
         | like that. Can we apologize to the ants please? Now the ant's
         | mama and daddy are going to be sad because they'll miss him,
         | etc.
         | 
         | He's young. I just want him to grow up appreciating and
         | respecting all life. I figure if we can continue being kind to
         | small life, it will extend to our friends as lockdowns lift. So
         | far so good.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Now the ant's mama and daddy are going to be sad because
           | they'll miss him
           | 
           | Perhaps you could try to acculturate your son without
           | deliberately lying to him. The only true claim this sentence
           | makes is that, when you step on an ant, the ant's mother
           | exists.
        
             | robbrown451 wrote:
             | Calling that a deliberate lie is not accurate, in my
             | opinion. Do you think it is a lie to speak as if dolls and
             | stuffed animals have feelings? (for that matter, do you
             | think it is a lie to speak as if characters in a fictional
             | movie have thoughts and feelings?)
             | 
             | Pretend play is important. My seven year old understands
             | the distinction between humans, bugs, and toys. But she
             | still pretends, and uses the latter as "empathy practice."
             | This is normal, healthy child development.
             | 
             | There is a time and a place for reminding children that
             | bugs probably don't have feelings per se, and that dolls
             | and stuffies especially don't. If you remind them
             | constantly, and never let them go into "pretend mode"
             | without spoiling it with such reminders, let's just say I
             | recommend you avoid situations that put you in much contact
             | with kids.
        
           | robbrown451 wrote:
           | That's good parenting on your part, in my opinion.
        
         | jacobolus wrote:
         | Kids don't collect butterflies so much anymore because (a) most
         | people live in more urbanized places than 50+ years ago and
         | kids spend more time indoors or in structured activities, and
         | (b) there are a lot fewer butterflies around, as they die to
         | insecticides, habitat loss, and climate change.
         | 
         | Edit: A web search turns up that butterfly populations have
         | declined by more than 30% in Europe/USA in the past 25 years or
         | so, and were in decline for long before that. One estimate is
         | that they have declined by more than 80% in Western Europe
         | since the late 19th century, with many species disappearing
         | entirely.
        
           | robbrown451 wrote:
           | We live in the middle of a city (San Francisco) and there are
           | lots of butterflies around. There may be less, but I stand by
           | my theory that the main difference is that killing bugs as a
           | hobby is not seen the same way as it used to be.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | Easily capturing images of butterflies (or just downloading
           | them) probably is a factor, that wasn't really possible with
           | cameras children had access to 30y ago.
           | 
           | Raising butterflies is quite a common class project in UK
           | primary schools.
        
       | brobeanz wrote:
       | I agree. Butterflies are pests that must go
        
       | Hnl1kf wrote:
       | Counter-example that I took:
       | 
       | https://www.flickr.com/photos/25949441@N02/9377845729/
       | 
       | But yeah, I expect I'll be seeing dead butterflies everywhere
       | now.
        
         | LostJourneyman wrote:
         | That's a counter example in the same way that someone
         | responding to "Stop depicting all humans as spread eagle with
         | their hands over their head, they don't naturally stand like
         | that!" with a picture of a basketball player's arms straight up
         | would be a counter-example. Most lepidopterans are capable of
         | that pose especially in active flight, but it's still
         | unnatural.
        
           | throwanem wrote:
           | I wouldn't call it unnatural; a landing butterfly may well
           | flap for extra lift, the same way a bird does, in order to
           | make a precise and controlled landing. (Hence incidentally
           | the name "flaps" for the trailing-edge extra lift devices
           | that serve the same purpose, in the same regimes of flight,
           | for a rigid-winged aircraft.)
           | 
           | The larger point still stands that butterflies don't hold
           | their wings this way at rest, and it's true of hymenopterans
           | as well; you often see specimen wasps mounted with all four
           | wings fully spread, where the living animal at rest
           | invariably holds the rear wings against the front such that
           | only the latter are really visible. The only time this isn't
           | the case is in flight or when the wings are otherwise in use
           | (eg nest fanning on a hot day), but you need a _very_ fast
           | shutter to freeze that motion, and all you 'll see with your
           | bare eye is a blur.
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | This is addressed in the comments to the article.
         | 
         | Basically: Some might get their wings into unusual position
         | mid-flight, but the angle of the photo also plays in a great
         | deal - the depicting addressed in the article is from directly
         | above.
        
           | Graffur wrote:
           | So what is wrong with drawing butterflies with this wing
           | position? Nothing! It's possible and looks good.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | Depends on whether you're depicting them from straight
             | above or at another angle. The point remains that they
             | don't typically hold their wings that far forward. It's not
             | clear how far forward the one in the picture has its wings
             | because of the angle.
             | 
             | So, sure, if you're depicting a buttery in a completely
             | different pose to the examples in the article, it might be
             | right.
        
       | Cybotron5000 wrote:
       | I tried last year to model/animate a butterfly for something I
       | was working on/to learn how to use Blender - found this video as
       | a reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7a7ZAqWBIs ...also
       | this previous HN post about butterfly flight is very interesting:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25928796 ...+ quite a few
       | previous articles on HN:
       | https://hn.algolia.com/?q=butterfly+wings ...awesome bugs that
       | they are! :)
        
       | executesorder66 wrote:
       | > There are exceptions, of course. It seems that some of the
       | smaller butterflies may exhibit wing positions fairly close to
       | that of a dead, pinned specimen
       | 
       | I've actually seen some really large butterflies that look pretty
       | much like the "pinned wings dead butterfly" when it flies. I
       | tried to film it, but couldn't get a good shot.
       | 
       | I found this article interesting when it came out, but after
       | seeing living butterflies that look exactly like it says they
       | shouldn't, I'm not going to spread the idea that all these
       | butterfly images are wrong.
       | 
       | I have seen thousands of butterflies in my life, and yes, most of
       | them have their forewings much further back. Not that I ever paid
       | too close attention, even after reading this article for the
       | first time. It was just a striking image when I saw these huge
       | butterflies on holiday in December 2019, and they looked like a
       | stereotypical animated movie aesthetic butterflies with the
       | "wrong" wings, and I thought it was amusing.
        
         | BadOakOx wrote:
         | I was just thinking about this. All the photos the author uses
         | are of butterflies resting. Thanks for confirming my intuition
         | that while butterflies fly they spread their wings.
        
           | kadoban wrote:
           | They do spread their wings in flight, but the few photos/vids
           | I bothered to find it's still quite distinct from the
           | classical pinned position (in terms of the angles fore/aft
           | more than anything).
           | 
           | I'm sure it's a _possible_ position in which to find many
           | species, but it seems like at best a rare one.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | Part of it is that mostly I've seen, in person, butterflies
             | in flight - they rarely alight on a plant close enough to
             | inspect in detail and in flight they do appear to flap like
             | a book opening and closing; one doesn't really see the
             | pitch changes of the wing, it looks like a simple motion.
             | 
             | I've got some pictures of red admirals (it painted ladies,
             | not sure) resting in "dead" pose on brambles somewhere that
             | I took only because I'd seen this article.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > mostly I've seen, in person, butterflies in flight -
               | they rarely alight on a plant close enough to inspect in
               | detail and in flight they do appear to flap like a book
               | opening and closing
               | 
               | My father grows milkweed to support a population of
               | monarchs. They also flap their wings open and closed
               | while resting.
        
       | dstanko wrote:
       | Interesting... I have seen (more precisely noticed) maybe 2-3
       | butterflies in last couple of years. I am pretty sure that none
       | of those times I had a hi res slow motion camera. Certainly,
       | those butterflies looked different than preserved dead ones I saw
       | in illustrations.
       | 
       | Point is that a non-butterfly expert that does not spend their
       | life researching would only relate to depictions of butterflies,
       | not their true form.
       | 
       | I also find this very similar to old photos where people looked
       | stiff and lifeless. As photography became more mobile and
       | accessible, photos became more lifelike.
        
       | kbutler wrote:
       | It's the equivalent of T-posing humans everywhere.
       | 
       | Not a relaxed posture reflective of nature, but does allow more
       | visibility and analysis.
       | 
       | Compare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man
        
       | sqqqqrly wrote:
       | What would Buffalo Bill think?
        
         | optimalsolver wrote:
         | More lotion.
        
       | mkl wrote:
       | (2017) but important enough to revisit. After seeing this article
       | the first time, I can't help but see dead butterflies everywhere.
       | 
       | Previous discussions:
       | 
       | 2017 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14460013 164 comments
       | 
       | 2019 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21788356 28 comments
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | I thought this was going to be about the decline in the numbers
       | and diversity of butterflies. Good article though.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | peanut_worm wrote:
       | Great now I am going to be checking every picture of butterflies
       | that I see
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | dalbasal wrote:
       | One of those "once you see it" articles.
       | 
       | It's a good example of art imitating art. On screen depictions of
       | ER doctors zapping patients back to life with a defibrillator.
       | Adrenaline shots to the heart. Gently putting bad guys to sleep
       | with a concussive blow to the head.
       | 
       | Artists' dramatic depictions become cliche, and cliche becomes
       | our norm. Good to stop and ponder, on occasion, how much of our
       | worldview is shaped by such fallacies.
        
         | r3trohack3r wrote:
         | I've always wondered how much our social interaction is defined
         | by on-screen portrayals of social interactions.
         | 
         | Actors are doing their best to portray how humans behave, but
         | some subset of humans observe a large portion of what "normal"
         | behavior is through a screen. At some point, did humans begin
         | imitating the actors to a large degree, while the actors
         | continued imitating the humans? In other words, did art begin
         | imitating art?
         | 
         | This thought was brought on by watching old movies. Either
         | actors were much worse back then, or people behaved
         | differently, or both. And to what degree did those actors shape
         | today's behavior?
        
           | b0rsuk wrote:
           | One of my pet grievances is how love is portrayed. If you
           | were to believe movies, you can get ANY woman if you're
           | persistent enough. Then poor young boys and men set out in
           | the world showering someone else in gifts and attention.
           | Girls with narcissistic tendencies become more, more and more
           | narcissistic and entitled.
           | 
           | Another very damaging myth is that kung fu will save you from
           | muggers. Muggers may have no objections to stabbing you, and
           | if they attack they often attack from surprise. Or really,
           | that a fight looks anything like in a martial arts movie. Go
           | watch a fight in a Karate or Judo championship. It's quite
           | boring, contestants are quite evenly matched and move with
           | respect to each other.
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | "If you were to believe movies, you can get ANY woman if
             | you're persistent enough."
             | 
             | Anyone believing that, would also have to believe, that ANY
             | woman can get YOU, if she is persistent enough. And most
             | would clearly object to that, but yeah logic consistency is
             | not usually a theme of movie romances or of the target
             | audience.
             | 
             | "Another very damaging myth is that kung fu will save you
             | from muggers"
             | 
             | But if you know kung fu (or any martial arts) on a high
             | level, then yes, it usually will save you from muggers.
             | Because martial arts at its core (unless we are talking
             | only about the sports turnament situation) is about
             | situational awareness ALL the time. Meaning you do not get
             | close enough to a person, that might stab you, in the first
             | place. You are aware of dangers. Of people posing threats.
             | You check the persons and places around you for signs of
             | trouble. So you are in control of the situation - so you
             | can be calm. Even when there is indeed trouble. But if fear
             | and anger are not controlling you, you can control the
             | situation and diffuse it. (and knowing that you can take
             | someone out in a moment, helps with the confidence, unless
             | it feeds your ego seeking such moments)
             | 
             | Otherwise yes, martial arts masters bleed as anyone else. I
             | think some world champion of kickboxing was killed in a bar
             | fight. And the mystic glorifications of kung fu and co does
             | lives on in the movies, but in reality it mostly vanished
             | by real bullets
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | My Sifu in kung fu would get asked about muggers
               | frequently, by new students.
               | 
               | He always stressed the importance of having the laces on
               | your shoes tied, and practicing your wind sprints.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > My Sifu
               | 
               | This is itself an example of "art imitating art" as per
               | upthread. English speakers use the word "sifu" as part of
               | its own independent cultural tradition. They use it even
               | in contexts where it makes no sense, surrounded by
               | Mandarin references - notably in _Kung Fu Panda_ and less
               | notably here: http://gowdb.com/troops/6582 - because they
               | are sure it's "Chinese".
               | 
               | But if you learned the word by studying Chinese you'd
               | spell it shifu. The English word comes from exposure to
               | southerners who make no distinction between "s" and "sh".
               | But distinguishing those two sounds is not a problem _for
               | English speakers_.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | Shows what you know. Sifu is Cantonese, and that's how he
               | spells it.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | I'm curious where you think your comment contradicts
               | mine.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | MagnumOpus wrote:
             | High level karate or judo (or boxing or MMA or Muay Thai)
             | championships are usually only tactical and boring
             | _because_ they are evenly matched. They would all whip a
             | ,,casual" experienced martial artist within half a minute
             | in a movie-like fashion, who in turn will be able to do
             | that to the man on the street.
             | 
             | (Source: been there, done that, sparred and competed both
             | against world class olympic martial artists as well as
             | complete beginners.)
        
               | b0rsuk wrote:
               | "another martial artist" already assumes that you're in
               | some ways evenly matched - you're using the same weapons,
               | and it's 1 on 1. What there are two, one with a metal bar
               | and another with a broken bottle? People like to go in
               | with overwhelming odds, that's why around 80% muggings
               | are men against women. And the weapons they may have may
               | be in their pockets. Fancy playing russian roulette? What
               | if they don't attack one at a time, like in movies?
        
           | MikeSchurman wrote:
           | Although I have no evidence to back this up, I believe many
           | try to imitate film (or expect something) in their romantic
           | life, which ends up with them having bad expectations and
           | disappointment.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | In movies, the phone would revert immediately back to a dial
         | tone when the other party hung up.
         | 
         | That's not how any phones ever worked even back when they used
         | dial tones.
        
         | yourenotsmart wrote:
         | This probably disproves the hypothesis that consciousness
         | shapes reality, because if it did, the millions of brainwashed
         | people watching movies would have turned the reality into a set
         | of movie tropes.
        
           | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
           | Why can't they have subtle impacts?
        
           | beebeepka wrote:
           | Not sure I understand what you're trying to say here. Do you
           | agree people are influenced by movies or not?
           | 
           | I think we all immitate and there's very little, if any,
           | truly original... thoughts/behaviours
        
             | sethammons wrote:
             | I take their meaning as a poke at those who believe that
             | "if you will it, it will be." There were some who
             | believe(d) if you gathered a stadium of people and told
             | them all to think about the candle in the center of the
             | stadium self-igniting that through the power of shared
             | belief it would. If this were true, then, to op's point, a
             | bunch of reality would be changing to match people's mental
             | expectations as influenced through media tropes. And since
             | we don't see that, then people's thoughts likely don't
             | influence reality.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | mushbino wrote:
         | I just finished the book Fantasyland by Kurt Anderson. Much of
         | our reality and especially our worldview is constructed and
         | bears no resemblance to reality.
        
         | DoreenMichele wrote:
         | I think this is actually art imitating science, but that's a
         | quibble.
         | 
         | As for the rest, I heartily agree. I've been thinking about
         | that here lately, how we watch movie fights and they are
         | typically highly choreographed and often visually beautiful
         | forms of dance that likely have nothing at all to do with what
         | real violence looks like.
         | 
         | Not that I want to promote real violence, but I wonder what
         | impact that has on human psychology and how unrealistic it
         | makes some of our expectations when dealing with actual reality
         | when it fails to match up to what we have fed our brains via
         | various forms of media.
        
           | dalbasal wrote:
           | Fair point.
           | 
           | However... I have an illustrates copy of "Origin of Species,"
           | with Darwin's original drawings. It's quite beautiful.
           | Naturalists of the day used a style of drawing. It was
           | utilitarian, good for identification purposes. But, it's
           | almost impossible not to see it as an artistic tradition too.
           | 
           | Point taken though. This style originates in science, and
           | they had reasons for their style.
        
         | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
         | There's all sorts of interesting and sometimes subtle negative
         | impacts on the real world that inaccurate depictions in fiction
         | have. I think these mainly happen for situations people are
         | likely to only see in fiction rather than reality.
         | 
         | A mundane example is people turning up to court and behaving
         | incorrectly because they're used to Hollywood depictions.
         | 
         | Another one is people thinking someone using a command-line on
         | a computer must be "hacking".
         | 
         | More troublesome is dramatically unrealistic depictions of
         | minorities.
        
           | krisoft wrote:
           | Absolutely. It is also crazy when literally conveniences
           | influence people's thinking.
           | 
           | In serialised fiction where you have a set of "cast members"
           | the writers sometimes feel that they should shake things up.
           | Temporarily put out of action one or the other member of the
           | recurring characters to see how the new group dynamics will
           | evolve. One common trope is where a member of the heroes'
           | group falls into coma. Hijinks happen, the rest of the group
           | copes with the missing member, and a few episodes later when
           | the writers get bored of the scenario they bring back the
           | person from coma. And because the whole motivation for the
           | coma was a plot convenience you will get a quick recovery. A
           | dramatic scene usually occurs where the patient wakes up,
           | frequently due to some stimulus from a friend. You are lucky
           | if you can see one cut scene of the patient recovering
           | afterwards.
           | 
           | Real life coma is nothing like this. In reality a high
           | percentage of those in coma die. They can have all kind of
           | involuntary movements which would confuse someone who expects
           | a sleeping beauty coma. The recovery usually is a long, and
           | arduous process even when someone wakes up and of course
           | there are health risks even after the patient opens their
           | eyes up. [1]
           | 
           | A few weeks ago I had a discussion with my dad. He told me
           | about a friend of his who had a stroke and fallen into a
           | coma. At the time when we talked the friend was unable to
           | breath on his own since days. My dad was super concerned that
           | the friend in question doesn't have life insurance. It felt
           | as if it was a foregone conclusion to him that his friend is
           | going to wake up, and is going to leave the hospital. His
           | only worry was what is going to happen with him after. Now,
           | how much of this was an understandable psychological coping
           | mechanism, and how much of it was due to incorrect
           | representation of coma patients in media is hard to tell.
           | Sadly later the friend passed away.
           | 
           | Luckily my dad didn't had to make any care decisions about
           | his friend. (Of course) But regular people get thrown into
           | situations like that all the time, all around the world. It's
           | already a very stressful situation as a baseline, and then on
           | top of whatever is happening people have all kind of
           | unreasonable expectations swirling in their heads as they go
           | through it. And all because writers regularly run out of
           | material and have a need to conveniently shake things up in
           | their fictional worlds.
           | 
           | 1: https://www.livescience.com/739-comatose-patients-falsely-
           | de...
        
             | detaro wrote:
             | > _My dad was super concerned that the friend in question
             | doesn 't have life insurance. It felt as if it was a
             | foregone conclusion to him that his friend is going to wake
             | up, and is going to leave the hospital_
             | 
             | Wouldn't having life insurance be more relevant for the
             | case where the friend _doesn 't_ wake up...?
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | That was my thought too, but I'm guessing that the
               | commenter's father was thinking that post-coma, it would
               | be hard to qualify for life insurance at a reasonable
               | rate.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | Good question.
               | 
               | This happened in a European country (Hungary) There the
               | health care is free at the point of consumption, so there
               | was no question if he will be taken care of. The problem
               | is if you were not paying your health insurance
               | contributions prior to the illness, the tax authority
               | might force you to pay the cost of your care after you
               | are out of the hospital. Or at least that's how my dad
               | explained to me his worry.
               | 
               | Medical debt is not fun, but clearly tertiary to the
               | problem of not breathing, in my opinion.
        
               | Sniffnoy wrote:
               | Ah, so you meant health insurance, not life insurance?
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | This definitely clears up the original post. Had the same
               | question and couldn't figure out a simple typo that made
               | sense.
        
           | dalbasal wrote:
           | Sure. Also, porn, romance novels, high school social life,
           | prison, mafia, war, psychotherapy...
           | 
           | The world is full of examples where literary cliches have
           | more influence on our biases and expectations than first or
           | second hand experiences. We rarely observe other people
           | falling in love, but we see it in movies and stories all the
           | time.
           | 
           | Hence why this article is subtly brilliant. It reminds us how
           | much of our "knowledge" is actually fiction.
        
             | dmix wrote:
             | A big one is 30+ year olds writing the screenplays and
             | therefore dialogue of kids and teenagers which are always
             | precocious and seem adult like. Which young people think
             | they should be at a similar stage of development or imitate
             | them.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | b0rsuk wrote:
         | I like the phrase "art imitating art", but it's broader than
         | that. For example people with no interest in antique, Greece or
         | Sparta are fans of Spartans. In reality, Sparta was a North
         | Korea of the antique world, AND it had profoundly average
         | combat performance. No matter how you slice it, they were
         | completely average as far as won battles go!
         | 
         | https://acoup.blog/2019/09/20/collections-this-isnt-sparta-p...
         | 
         | If you filter out naval battles, it doesn't change anything. If
         | you remove battles where they fought in a coalition with other
         | Greeks, their win rate even drops slightly.
         | 
         | There is some evidence they may have had a slight advantage in
         | leadership, because they had more leaders and their units were
         | a bit smaller so they could perhaps operate more independently
         | and seize opportunities on a field of battle (a strategy
         | perfected by Romans). But overall, their strategy was _bad_
         | even by antique standards - check out the Peloponesian War
         | (with Athens). Spartans just had a good PR.
         | 
         | Dead butterflies is a _meme_ (in the old meaning of viral
         | idea). Spartan military excellence is a meme too.
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | One thing is clear: Spartan PR department was undefeatable.
        
             | b0rsuk wrote:
             | "Spartan" should be a popular name for marketing and PR
             | agencies, not for military :-).
        
           | dalbasal wrote:
           | I'd say the spartan meme is also an example of art imitating
           | art. Other greeks, and later Romans started this meme. They
           | admired Sparta's dedication to conservative fanaticism,
           | romanticized it and told stories about them. We still tell
           | the stories, based on older stories based on older stories.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, we have very little direct access to "reality." In
           | fact, unmediated reality is pretty elusive.. when you stop to
           | think about it. Win rate statistics and other such
           | "objective" views into reality are a pretty sparse source of
           | information.
        
           | wnevets wrote:
           | >No matter how you slice it, they were completely average as
           | far as won battles go!
           | 
           | and they absolutely surrendered!
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | I didn't read the article, but measuring military skill by
           | how many battles you win is very tricky business.
           | 
           | To have a battle, you need two armies. If army A is clearly
           | stronger than army B, B will typically admit defeat without
           | going through the unpleasant process of being slaughtered to
           | the last man. At least if they have reasonable expectations
           | of a life after surrender.
           | 
           | So battles that are actually fought are normally pretty even.
           | That doesn't mean every fighting force is equal to every
           | other. The militarily stronger side gets their way by having
           | a credible threat of settling things by force if needed.
        
           | kleton wrote:
           | Some criticism of Acoup's analysis of their combat
           | performance. All of the defeats listed are either not
           | infantry battles or ones where Sparta was heavily
           | outnumbered. It's hardly surprising that they would lose
           | battles over 500 v 1000, and no contemporary commentators
           | claimed that man for man they were that much better than
           | their peer poleis. If you did a "wins above replacement"
           | analysis for pitched infantry battles, they would come out
           | ahead, at least until the Battle of Tegyra (375), when
           | Boeotians had figured out an effective infantry doctrine
           | after years fighting Sparta.
           | 
           | Plutarch on the Theban victory over Sparta at Leuctra (371).
           | 
           | >For in all the great wars there had ever been against Greeks
           | or barbarians, the Spartans were never before beaten by a
           | smaller company than their own; nor, indeed, in a set battle,
           | when their number was equal. Hence their courage was thought
           | irresistible, and their high repute before the battle made a
           | conquest already of enemies, who thought themselves no match
           | for the men of Sparta even on equal terms.
           | 
           | That battle wiped out the Spartiate class for a generation,
           | killing 400 out of 700. This opened the way for Thebes to
           | liberate Messenia in 370, which was the majority of the
           | Lakonian helots, and it was all downhill for Sparta after
           | that.
        
             | karpierz wrote:
             | I think if you're going to do an analysis of military
             | strength, you have to do it in context of the political
             | system that produces it. If your society results in
             | supersoldiers, but also causes you to regularly fail at
             | diplomacy and end up outnumbered in wars which you end up
             | losing, I wouldn't say that your military record is
             | successful.
        
               | kbenson wrote:
               | But this isn't really an analysis of military strength as
               | much as one of unit strength, if I understand what's
               | being presented.
               | 
               | The meme isn't that Sparta was awesome, the meme is that
               | spartan soldiers and units are awesome.
               | 
               | I don't think most people think that a society that turns
               | it's children out on the street to fend for themselves to
               | toughen the ones that survive is good or worth any awe,
               | but that doesn't mean that people can't look at the end
               | result and think one specific aspect is worth respect.
        
               | kleton wrote:
               | They won the Peloponessian war (plenty of diplomacy and
               | coalition building) and remained dominant until 371,
               | which was the first war they lost. It was a pretty
               | respectable record.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | I'm not seeing much connection to North Korea here.
               | 
               | They have awful diplomacy, no real coalitions (besides
               | China which is more of a complete one sided economic
               | dependency and a constant source of trouble), a poor
               | military track record besides perfecting sabre rattling
               | and a single small US ship from the 1950s as their most
               | prominent war prize, no one is trying to imitate them,
               | they rely heavily on raw numbers over ability in a
               | defensive posture built up over generations, etc.
               | 
               | I'm trying to think of where the analogies begin...
        
               | b0rsuk wrote:
               | Brutal dictatorship. 90% of population living in poverty
               | (The Helots in Sparta were hunted for sport by
               | Spartiates, particularly as a coming of age ritual).
        
               | birdyrooster wrote:
               | Did they kidnap foreigners to do research or translation?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | b0rsuk wrote:
             | > Some criticism of Acoup's analysis of their combat
             | performance. All of the defeats listed are either not
             | infantry battles or ones where Sparta was heavily
             | outnumbered.
             | 
             | It cuts both ways. Classic example is Thermopylae. The
             | total number of Greeks is estimated to be between 5200 and
             | 7700, but you very rarely hear any number higher than 300.
             | The Spartan fame was manufactured, for example by
             | historians like Herodotus.
             | 
             | Why does one have to resort to cherry picking to prove
             | Spartan military excellence? Why aren't they self-evident?
        
               | blix wrote:
               | Herotodus lists 300 Spartans at Thermopylae, and over
               | 5000 Greeks. It is possible that there are two different
               | numbers because they describe two very different things.
               | 
               | Spartan military excellence is likely exaggerated, but it
               | is also likely that there was a significant time period
               | where their soldiers were individually superior to other
               | communities, primarily as a result of better nutrition.
               | Nutrition in early Greek agricultural communities is
               | notoriously awful, while the severe inequality of Spartan
               | society allowed them to maintain a realtively well-fed
               | warrior class.
               | 
               | Individual quality doesn't scale, however, while raw
               | quantity does. The Spartans were able to demonstrate
               | excellence in results on a small scale, such as the
               | conquest of Messina, but as quantity became a more
               | important factor they simply couldn't compete even as
               | they maintained some degree of individual excellence.
               | 
               | There are many things to dislike about Spartan society
               | from a modern standpoint (such as their brutally
               | oppressed slave underclass), but it is important to
               | remember that this is a feature of almost all early
               | agricultural societies.
        
         | dTal wrote:
         | I'm slowly coming to the highly unpopular view that all fiction
         | is essentially a lie, and therefore damaging. Your brain _does
         | not distinguish_ meaningfully between truth and fiction, at an
         | emotional level. Yes, you can tell stories that capture some
         | sort of essential truth - but writers don 't typically hold
         | themselves terribly closely to that standard, and in any case
         | the time is better spent telling of things that actually
         | happened. Every mutilation applied to actual events - in the
         | service of making them supposedly more entertaining - clouds
         | our understanding of them. And it's done on purpose!
         | Inglourious Basterds is an abomination, a deliberate
         | cognitohazard.
        
           | dalbasal wrote:
           | Well... If you also come around to the view that most
           | nonfiction is fiction too... you might find yourself in a
           | pretty nihilistic place.
           | 
           | Those depictions of butterflies are intended to be
           | nonfiction.. naturalism. A precise and true representation of
           | butterflies, an artistic culture that people like Darwin were
           | steeped in.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | I was going to reply something similar. We dont have access
             | to much thermodynamic truth and the vast majority of our
             | experience is fictionalised in one way or another when it
             | is later described.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | That's a good reason why archaeologists are so keen on
               | digging in garbage. Garbage doesn't lie as much as the
               | written word.
               | 
               | See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden
        
               | dalbasal wrote:
               | The garbage itself may not lie, but the process of
               | turning garbage into history is still storytelling. It's
               | very hard to escape. Most anything meaningful, to us, is
               | a story.
               | 
               | A fully empirical/popperian approach to knowledge isn't
               | workable. Or rather, it's extremely sparse. You have to
               | accept that you know almost nothing.
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | > _I 'm slowly coming to the highly unpopular view that all
           | fiction is essentially a lie..._
           | 
           | This isn't just "not unpopular" but universally,
           | intrinsically understood.
           | 
           | "We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes
           | us realize truth at least the truth that is given us to
           | understand. The artist must know the manner whereby to
           | convince others of the truthfulness of his lies." -- Pablo
           | Picasso
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZZBfZyJ-2s
           | 
           | > _...and therefore damaging._
           | 
           | This claim that "all fiction is damaging" is inconceivable to
           | me. How does one develop empathy if one is incapable of
           | imagining anything other than what they've directly
           | experienced?
        
           | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
           | How would you recommend exploring truths that may end up
           | being too politically charged to explore except through
           | fiction? For some time the only way LGBTQ+ and race relations
           | explorations could only occur through fiction. (Arguably,
           | exploring the trans experience can often be limited to
           | exploration through fiction.)
        
             | eru wrote:
             | Perhaps look farther afield?
             | 
             | Eg race relations were pretty bad in the US, but in the UK,
             | culturally still pretty accessible, a black person could
             | always use money to buy status.
        
               | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
               | I still think in the UK there was limited appetite for
               | nonfiction accounts of racism of UK people. (There may
               | still be limited appetite for effusively positive
               | nonfiction about Travelers, or general nonfiction about
               | the Troubles that may be taking "a side".)
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | >effusively positive nonfiction
               | 
               | "Effusively positive" sounds like it would be
               | deliberately distorting reality in order to present a
               | point. I'm sure there's plenty of appetite for _accurate_
               | documentaries about Travelers.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | > "Effusively positive" sounds like it would be
               | deliberately distorting reality in order to present a
               | point. I'm sure there's plenty of appetite for accurate
               | documentaries about Travelers.
               | 
               | One of the Assassin's Creed games has an exploration
               | mode, and if you walk by one of the outdoor "classrooms"
               | the narrator will explain that while they show boys and
               | girls learning together, the reality was that only boys
               | were present in the schools, and that the creators here
               | specifically chose to show the way it "should have been".
               | 
               | They spent some unknown amount of money on this major
               | feature that toured all around their map, tons of real
               | photos and documentary about how they captured the feel,
               | interviews with historians... centering on historically
               | accurate, but when it came to controlling their own
               | wokeness for a second, they _had_ to present the
               | "effusively positive".
               | 
               | I don't care what they do, but it was an admission that
               | they didn't really care about nonfiction, and made me
               | untrustful of the remaining content.
        
             | AlexTWithBeard wrote:
             | > LGBTQ+ and race relations explorations
             | 
             | Every time I watch a fictional movie about some social
             | issue I ask myself: I've just watched an imaginary story
             | that never happened played by actors who actually never
             | experienced it. Now what?
        
               | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
               | Consider that maybe the social issue has lived
               | experiences that couldn't be safely explored in
               | nonfiction, or maybe the importance such as being
               | validated that your personal experience isn't a delusion
               | wasn't for you.
               | 
               | Additionally chances are that with the way progressive
               | pushes are going (blackface/yellowface/white actors
               | playing nonwhite characters is swiftly going out of
               | style) the actors may actually experience the themes
               | being explored. I'm pretty sure black people playing
               | black people in movies about black race relations may
               | have personal experiences with such!
        
               | AlexTWithBeard wrote:
               | > (blackface/yellowface/white actors playing nonwhite
               | characters is swiftly going out of style)
               | 
               | We now only have to make sure the chess players are
               | impersonated by real FIDE masters and Queen Elizabeth by
               | someone who has at least 1/8th royal blood.
        
           | indigo945 wrote:
           | Any reason you're singling out Inglourious Basterds in
           | particular?
           | 
           | In general, though, I do not believe that this problem is at
           | all limited to the kind of art that we commonly dub as
           | "fiction". For example, in the 19th century, travel diaries
           | of colonial "explorers" were a very popular form of
           | literature consumed by the educated classes in the colonial
           | metropole, and they consisted almost entirely of distortions,
           | willful or accidental omissions and often outright lies. Yet,
           | they helped shape the view the West has of "oriental"
           | cultures and peoples, with many of these cliches persisting
           | even to the current age (i.e. "Orientalism").
           | 
           | Therefore, following your logic, all scientific works are
           | damaging.
        
             | narag wrote:
             | _Any reason you 're singling out Inglourious Basterds in
             | particular?_
             | 
             | Embellishing stories has kind of a social function: to
             | sugar-coat our vision of life. Reality is scary.
             | 
             | When the author presents a blatant lie just because, it's
             | only annoying. At least for me, that movie and the last one
             | are a scam. Sure, there must be a "profound" explanation of
             | director's intentions.
        
               | dalbasal wrote:
               | The authors stated intention was to depict a widely held,
               | indulgent, sadistic fantasy.
        
               | refenestrator wrote:
               | It also enlists the audience in a brilliant way.
               | 
               | We watch all the Germans in the movie theater, cheering
               | at their guy killing allied soldiers, then the basterds
               | burst in and WE are cheering for OUR guys killing the
               | nazis. It's genius.
        
               | orhmeh09 wrote:
               | Most children quickly develop an appreciation for the
               | distinction between things clearly delineated and
               | presented as fiction before they hit double digits of
               | age. It's quite peculiar to accuse artists of trying to
               | scam you. Have you ever played a video game? What do you
               | think of them?
        
           | JTbane wrote:
           | Okay, Plato, I guess we should ban poetry for corrupting the
           | youth...
        
           | kbenson wrote:
           | > I'm slowly coming to the highly unpopular view that all
           | fiction is essentially a lie, and therefore damaging.
           | 
           | Does nobody read with a critical eye? I know sometimes I have
           | to give up on a story or series if the things I'm asked to
           | accept pass a boundary, and they're kept _consistent_.
           | 
           | > Every mutilation applied to actual events - in the service
           | of making them supposedly more entertaining - clouds our
           | understanding of them.
           | 
           | It's impossible to convey with absolute accuracy any event. I
           | would hazard that any representation no matter how accurate
           | it tries to be will be riddles with inaccuracies or
           | assumptions that are represented through bias.
           | 
           | We're screwed from the outset because we're incapable of
           | accepting all the possible stimuli of a situation (and so are
           | recording devices), and any event is also only a part in a
           | series which adds context.
           | 
           | To that you add that it's impossible to impart your own
           | experience without bias (and the imparting of personal
           | experience is the only way to get details other than what we
           | can record automatically), which adds quite a bit to any
           | event.
           | 
           | Everything is something we're getting through a skinner box,
           | and whether marketed as fact or fiction, you have to make
           | choices on what is true or not. Painting fiction with a broad
           | brush as negative likely won't help in the end. All you're
           | doing is taking the inputs that tell you up front they're not
           | necessarily true in the sense of real events (even if they
           | may try to make you think about fundamental things in ways
           | you didn't consider, which is useful) and removing them to
           | prioritize things that are also untrue in some way, but don't
           | have the decency to own up to it.
        
           | coopierez wrote:
           | Not all fiction is attempting to tell a story and pass it off
           | as realistic. A lot of fiction is deliberately and
           | transparently fantasy. A lot of fiction is also metaphorical.
        
           | croes wrote:
           | >all fiction is essentially a lie
           | 
           | That's why it's fiction.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | _time is better spent telling of things that actually
           | happened_
           | 
           | How do you know what actually happened outside of your direct
           | experience? Anything that occurred outside the direct
           | experience of a still-living human is known only through the
           | stories people at the time told each other about it:
           | incomplete, imperfectly remembered, biased towards the
           | accounts of survivors who lived to tell their stories or
           | those powerful enough to have their voices heard, even when
           | all involved have the best of intentions of an accurate
           | retelling. Unless the event made a sufficient impact on the
           | physical world (which is itself going to be a very incomplete
           | picture of events) then events older than ~80 years are
           | accessible to us only through such stories.
           | 
           | If you think deliberate fiction is damaging because the human
           | mind doesn't fully distinguish it from truth, even when it
           | knows it to be fiction, then you must hate accounts of "what
           | actually happened" even more: They are often incorrect and
           | yet label themselves as truth, so the human mind is even more
           | likely to take as "truth" something that is incorrect. If the
           | human mind does not always distinguish fiction clearly, then
           | it is even less capable of discerning incorrect accounts of
           | what actually happened from those that are more accurate.
           | 
           | Let's take Inglorious Bastards as an example: What is more
           | damaging, a dark comedy that presents itself as a fiction
           | loosely inspired by actual events? Or a selective sampling of
           | events that presents itself as the truth in denying events
           | like the Holocaust-- something made ever more possible as
           | time passes and those with direct experience die off?
           | 
           | Butterflies in this case are an excellent example of the
           | problems of non fiction as well: The dead butterflies
           | accurately depict what a butterfly looks like by using a pose
           | that shows its full detail a bit better. But in providing
           | that detail it loses the nuance of how a butterfly would look
           | in the wild. And yet a pose from the the wild would give less
           | information about its full visual detail, and no single pose
           | from the wild could fully encapsulate its natural state. This
           | is for one small living thing that we can observe now, today.
           | How much more incomplete of a picture must we have of older
           | events?
           | 
           | If you are disregarding fiction for the reasons you gave, you
           | must also disregard nearly all aspects of prior accounts of
           | human events as being similarly flawed and even more
           | pernicious for their claims of being the truth.
        
             | kbenson wrote:
             | Always fun to type up a 10 minute reply on my phone only to
             | find after I post it that someone has said essentially the
             | same core thing hours previously. ;)
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | We'll, we're mostly tech folks or appreciative of tech:
               | we don't mind, and even encourage, a few levels of
               | redundancy :)
               | 
               | In this case you never know what will get noticed an
               | upvoted to the attention of others. Some repetition for
               | of various viewpoints, especially when made with
               | different nuances, is a good thing.
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | You can come the other side and accept that all stories,
           | fiction or not, are pure cultural constructions, and choose
           | ones that benefit you on a daily basis.
           | 
           | Some stories will help you overcome chalenges in your life,
           | others will nurture your respect for people, others remind
           | you people you love.
           | 
           | You choose the lies you believe in, hopefully you find ones
           | that help you live your life.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "Inglourious Basterds is an abomination, a deliberate
           | cognitohazard."
           | 
           | I have to strongly disagree here. Since it was soo absurd, it
           | was obviously a work of fiction. A surreal funny one at that.
           | A gang of jews that blows up Hitler? Yes, a movie can do
           | that. Anyone taking it literal, has definitely other problems
           | in life.
           | 
           | But I do have a problem with movies, that _pretend_ to be
           | historical authentic - but are not. And are therefore
           | effectivly rewriting history. And sadly most, if not all
           | "historic" hollywood productions fall into that category.
           | 
           | This is where I see the problem - when the lines get blurry.
        
             | kbenson wrote:
             | Thankfully, with the recent increase in the popularity of
             | documentary series, people can see two separate takes of an
             | event, for select events, which make it more obvious to the
             | common person the liberties that are taken to make a good
             | movie compared to tell an accurate story.
             | 
             | If we're all lucky, more people will start realizing that
             | it doesn't stop at Hollywood, and there's no reason to
             | expect the documentary was absolutely correct and without
             | bias either (in some respects documentaries can be _much_
             | worse since they often purport to be unbiased and correct).
        
           | Cybotron5000 wrote:
           | Fiction (/well-written fiction at least) is an artform, like
           | music or, um, art, or even design you know? It's a
           | communication medium meant (amongst other things) to convey
           | something of the human experience that is perhaps intangible
           | or illogical. Fiction is normally very honest and open about
           | not being factual. I take your point though that when people
           | take fictions as truth, whether through the reader's
           | ignorance, or the writer's misrepresentation, that can be
           | extremely problematic - that is not the fault of fiction I
           | would argue though, but rather of the context/audience that
           | receives it/the manner in which they interpret it (I suppose
           | there are exceptions like parodies/eg. 'War Of The Worlds' or
           | something?). I currently read much less fiction than I used
           | to when I was a kid (my mum was an English teacher), but I
           | can assure you that my brain is almost always perfectly
           | capable of distinguishing between the two on some level. I
           | may choose to suspend my disbelief or feel feelings prompted
           | by the material, but am simultaneously aware that this is not
           | objective reality. I agree with your point though that much
           | fiction/fictionalised material that has been interpreted as
           | real has caused much damage - people really like stories
           | (isn't this an inherent part of our psychology?) and tend to
           | inevitably construct them around even the most dispassionate
           | material (in the same way we tend to anthropomorphise stuff I
           | guess?). Trick is we need some training to help us 'read'
           | media with a questioning/'between the lines' sort of
           | rationale/focussed attention/looking for
           | bias/manipulation/being self-aware etc etc...
        
           | hprotagonist wrote:
           | I'd suggest that to understand this matter in more detail,
           | watching _Rashomon_ might be useful --- but that basically
           | tanks your argument.
        
           | manachar wrote:
           | Of course all fiction is a lie.
           | 
           | All words are a lie. All narratives are built of symbols and
           | cliches and agreed upon fictions in an attempt to point to
           | reality. Reality is a thing we cannot touch or experience
           | directly and is always filtered by our tools, experiences and
           | perceptions. Even math might be merely a model, one where we
           | convince ourselves integers actually exist (where does one
           | thing become separate from another when reality seems to be
           | built of atoms with probabilistic shells of elections and
           | waves of electromagnetic interactions?)
           | 
           | As for being harmful? Well, fiction and non-fiction
           | narratives are all powerful tools for shaping how we perceive
           | of our reality. They can be harmful or helpful. Some of our
           | favorite fictions are things like justice, freedom, liberty,
           | or any conception that we all have rights.
           | 
           | Additionally, when we tell fictions we are crafted a world we
           | can aspire to. We make gods and heroes to imagine what it
           | would be like to be better. We make villains and demons to
           | remind us of what we should avoid. Without these I do not
           | believe we would be in a better place. One could even call
           | these noble lies.
           | 
           | Of course, this does mean fiction can be dangerous and should
           | be selected carefully. Ayn Rand has a peculiarly powerful
           | hold over people because her fictions are good at making a
           | deep impression on people. Vacation Bible Schools and overtly
           | Christian education are aimed at controlling the narrative
           | young minds receive. Then there's the constant mythologizing
           | of history done to legitimize modern political stances (e.g.
           | Civil War was some sort of lost cause about state's rights,
           | Mayflower was the first "real" colony, founding "fathers"
           | were near perfect, etc.).
           | 
           | Narratives are powerful. Worth noting Plato came to your same
           | conclusion in his Republic. Essentially deeming all myth and
           | plays and stories as too dangerous to be allowed.
        
           | kbutler wrote:
           | The fact that our brains can recall fantasy as reality is a
           | form of "misattribution". It's only one of many ways that our
           | memories are inaccurate, to speak nothing of the various
           | biases and inaccuracies that are incorporated even in the
           | most faithful attempts at recording or reporting factual
           | stories.
           | 
           | To paraphrase a common aphorism - all stories are false, but
           | some are useful.
        
           | howaboutnope wrote:
           | I hate just dropping a wall of quotes, but I also don't want
           | to say the same thing in more and worse words... so I put my
           | response on pastebin as a compromise ^^
           | https://pastebin.com/L18AvH13
        
             | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
             | The Big Brother one was jarring. Too much.
        
         | ronenlh wrote:
         | "live butterflies don't look like butterflies in pictures, you
         | gotta use dead ones" is like in the Simpsons: "Cow's don't look
         | like cows on film. You gotta use horses."
        
         | Consultant32452 wrote:
         | I'm not interested in a 2A debate but I find it really
         | interesting how much public misunderstanding about firearms and
         | firearms law comes from movies. One of the biggest is the
         | concept of the "unregistered firearm" used in a crime. There is
         | no firearm registry in the US, so all firearms are
         | unregistered. However, the fact that this is prolific in crime
         | movies leads many to believe such a registry exists. Another is
         | the "Hollywood silencer." Guns fired with a suppressor/silencer
         | are still quite loud, but movies have people thinking you can
         | have a shootout in a mall and no one will notice.
        
           | NavinF wrote:
           | Yep. Another silly example is bullets bouncing around the
           | room in movies and in supposed "true crime" fics. A friend of
           | mine was being 100% serious when he raised that as a concern
           | when I was talking about indoor gun ranges vs outdoor gun
           | ranges. He had never seen bullets hitting anything IRL so he
           | didn't know that bullets are made of soft lead and get
           | somewhat squished before falling straight down along the
           | wall.
        
           | nacs wrote:
           | > Guns fired with a suppressor/silencer are still quite loud
           | 
           | A great example of this is the scene from John Wick where
           | Wick and a villain are in a crowd firing at each other with
           | noone noticing.
           | 
           | There is a video with the gun sounds recreated to be more
           | realistic:
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/ws8LAfD_3BA?t=13
        
           | neolog wrote:
           | Yup. Even educational videos like [1] are probably using
           | audio compression so they don't show the real loudness.
           | 
           | Research [2] shows suppressed small arms are still well over
           | 100dB (e.g. landing airplane loud) at peak impulse.
           | 
           | [1] https://youtu.be/1VWcGwPJQfc?t=30
           | 
           | [2] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/William-
           | Murphy-18/publi...
        
             | orthoxerox wrote:
             | No amount of videos can teach you how loud a gun really is.
             | Especially when you're holding it literally next to your
             | ear to aim down the sights.
        
           | neolog wrote:
           | TIL
           | 
           | > Only those firearms subject to the National Firearms Act
           | (NFA) (e.g., machineguns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns,
           | silencers, destructive devices, and firearms designated as
           | "any other weapons") must be registered with ATF.
           | 
           | > Firearms registration may be required by state or local
           | law. Any person considering acquiring a firearm should
           | contact their State Attorney General's Office to inquire
           | about the laws and possible state or local restrictions.
           | 
           | https://www.atf.gov/questions-and-answers/qa/how-does-
           | person...
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | Consultant32452 wrote:
             | Here's a weird one about the NFA and "silencers." As
             | previously mentioned, it's still pretty loud when you use
             | one. In the US it's very restrictive to own one ($200 tax,
             | 6+ month wait, registration, etc.) but in places like the
             | UK it's the opposite. You're a noise polluter without one
             | and relatively very simple to get even though in UK it's
             | harder to get guns.
        
               | detaro wrote:
               | That's been a topic in Germany too. They are banned, but
               | some argue they really should be allowed as workers
               | protection and to generally reduce noise disturbances.
        
               | Consultant32452 wrote:
               | We have this in the US too, the Hearing Protection Act:
               | https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-
               | bill/95
               | 
               | But because movies anti-educate people on this subject it
               | probably won't go anywhere.
        
           | a1369209993 wrote:
           | > Another is the "Hollywood silencer." Guns fired with a
           | suppressor/silencer are still quite loud, but movies have
           | people thinking you can have a shootout in a mall and no one
           | will notice.
           | 
           | Note that if you _do_ want a mostly-silent, fairly-reliably-
           | lethal ranged weapon, crossbows are probably a better option.
        
       | eplanit wrote:
       | There was a similar article regarding ants a couple or more years
       | ago, also featured on HN. Same author, I wonder?
        
       | ufo wrote:
       | One funny example of this is that thyroids are described as being
       | butterfly shaped. Maybe endrocrinologists need to talk more with
       | the entomologists. :)
        
       | darekkay wrote:
       | Related posts, where experts rate the accuracy of emojis:
       | 
       | - Entomologist rates ant emojis:
       | https://www.boredpanda.com/entomologist-rates-ant-emojis/
       | 
       | - Which emoji scissors close:
       | https://wh0.github.io/2020/01/02/scissors.html
       | 
       | - A thread of rating every horse emoji:
       | https://twitter.com/jelenawoehr/status/1191872816372600832
       | 
       | - Ranking the "Ringed Planet" emojis:
       | https://twitter.com/physicsJ/status/1232662211438370817
       | 
       | - Reviewing Steam Loco Emojis:
       | https://twitter.com/BisTheFairy/status/1192557730709622790
       | 
       | - Talk about Telescope emojis:
       | https://mobile.twitter.com/BeckePhysics/status/1233414553607...
       | 
       | - Would you survive a skydive with an emoji parachute? (my own
       | post): https://darekkay.com/blog/parachute-emoji/
        
       | [deleted]
        
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