[HN Gopher] How to spot a good fake ID
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How to spot a good fake ID
        
       Author : klevertree
       Score  : 216 points
       Date   : 2021-07-22 22:55 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (trevorklee.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (trevorklee.com)
        
       | _Nat_ wrote:
       | Weird that ID's still don't have, say, QR-codes or something
       | similar with a cryptographic-signature to verify that the info's
       | accurate. Or chips like with credit-cards. Lots of different ways
       | stuff like that could be done.
       | 
       | Holograms and such seem like a clumsy strategy.
        
         | mcherm wrote:
         | The issue is that those are mechanisms to validate a card
         | against a central authority. But most usages are in cases where
         | the ID is self-validating and cannot be authenticated against a
         | central authority.
        
           | kadoban wrote:
           | With pubkey crypto you could easily allow validating with a
           | self-contained device. That's just a signature check.
           | 
           | The obvious way to do that has some drawbacks though, the big
           | one being that if the private key ever leaks, your whole
           | system is now useless and needs to be replaced (cards,
           | verifiers and all). And you'd need to either generate all the
           | cards in one place, or the private key would need to be
           | available in multiple places. Not really a recipe for success
           | long-term.
        
             | _Nat_ wrote:
             | > The obvious way to do that has some drawbacks though, the
             | big one being that if the private key ever leaks, your
             | whole system is now useless and needs to be replaced
             | (cards, verifiers and all).
             | 
             | That's a problem addressed with [public key infrastructure 
             | (PKI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastruct
             | ure).
             | 
             | In practice, it could be done pretty securely and cheaply.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > That's a problem addressed with [public key
               | infrastructure (PKI)]
               | 
               | I don't really agree.
               | 
               | Yes, you want to use PKI. But it doesn't solve the
               | problem of needing to immediately update all your
               | equipment when there's a key leak, and replace or
               | reprogram a huge number of cards. PKI just makes things a
               | bit smoother in general.
               | 
               | My suggestion is pretty simple. Have a few different
               | locations that sign keys, have them all sign each card,
               | and require multiple valid signatures. Exact details up
               | to the implementer, but that way you could have at least
               | one key leak without causing any user hassle.
        
             | jcrawfordor wrote:
             | There's been multiple efforts towards some type of PKI
             | verification of driver's licenses, but they've all failed
             | to gain adoption for various reasons. Perhaps the simplest
             | is this one: driver's licenses are not really intended by
             | the state to be verifiable offline, as in basically every
             | case the state has to verify a driver's license they will
             | need to perform an online check anyway (for revocation, for
             | example, if not also for warrants and the whole NCIC
             | gamut). So the level of motivation for the state (and more
             | specifically the AAMVA which promulgates standards for
             | driver's license) to implement this kind of verification is
             | pretty low. Add to that the moral hazard of normalizing
             | digital imaging of driver's licenses (which is a real
             | concern as "digital ID" schemes or anything that looks like
             | one face significant political opposition in the US) and
             | practical challenges (cryptographic signatures compact
             | enough to add to the PDF417 are possible but not as well
             | standardized, the federal government has consolidated
             | cryptographic ID efforts on ICC "smart cards" which are
             | costly) and it's just a hard sell.
        
               | porker wrote:
               | > cryptographic signatures compact enough to add to the
               | PDF417 are possible but not as well standardized
               | 
               | Do you know which are compact enough while remaining
               | secure? I looked into this recently and failed to find
               | one. Went for online verification in the end so data
               | being signed was minimal.
        
               | _Nat_ wrote:
               | [Removed: Mistaken information.]
        
               | nemo1618 wrote:
               | Signatures aren't just uniformly-distributed entropy,
               | like hashes are; they encode real information, e.g.
               | elliptic curve coordinates. Hashing and truncating the
               | signature would destroy that information, meaning the
               | signature could no longer be verified.
        
               | _Nat_ wrote:
               | Ick, yeah, you're right: might've been thinking hash-
               | then-sign, but backwards.
        
               | jcrawfordor wrote:
               | An ECDSA signature for example can be represented as 64
               | bytes with good security, and adding 64 bytes to a PDF417
               | isn't too big of a deal. That's basically just the curve
               | coordinates and nothing else though, so the verifying
               | device has to either guess-and-check or use some other
               | data to figure out what public key it should be verifying
               | against, and there's no expiry or anything like that. In
               | practice, now that we have elliptic curve algorithms that
               | tend to allow very compact keys at a good security level,
               | the bigger problem is less the actual cryptographic
               | signature and more all the PKI metadata that normally
               | needs to be tied to a signature to make it useful
               | (especially if you have multiple levels of authority,
               | which you probably want to or revocation becomes a huge
               | problem). There are ways around carrying around PKI
               | metadata with the signature (i.e. a normal x509
               | certificate) but there are tradeoffs and it's not like a
               | well-established standard, which tends to make government
               | organizations uncomfortable about adoption.
        
             | kuschku wrote:
             | In the EU, most states have eID systems. The German system
             | is as follows:
             | 
             | You've got a central agency, responsible for IDs, paperwork
             | and currency, with a root key in an HSM. From this key,
             | intermediate certificates are generated for each ID
             | production plant. This HSM is kept offline in the vault
             | that also keeps the mint masters for coin and currency
             | production.
             | 
             | The ID production plants then sign IDs with their
             | intermediate key, also kept in an HSM, and tack their own
             | certificate on.
             | 
             | The ID now has an X.509 certificate, or rather multiple
             | ones, with a certificate chain going back to the root
             | certificate of the agency.
             | 
             | Now if you send a correctly signed request via NFC to the
             | ID, the ID will generate a response in its own HSM, and
             | return a signed response with the whole certificate chain.
             | 
             | Such a request can be "given the following date, is the
             | owner of this ID above 16?" (18, 21 are also available).
             | 
             | The request can also be "what is the full personal data for
             | this person?"
             | 
             | To send such a request, the request also needs to be
             | signed, also with a certificate chain going back to the
             | same root CA.
             | 
             | The agency provides certificates with different features
             | enabled or disabled to different users. e.g. a bar can get
             | one that allows them to query IDs for "are you 18 today?"
             | with a certain limit of how many requests per ID they can
             | make per day (the ID verifies that) to avoid brute forcing
             | the actual birthday.
             | 
             | This is for example used in fully automated cash-operated
             | cigarette dispensers.
             | 
             | You can also get a certificate that allows you to request
             | all ID data, but is restricted to your own ID.
        
               | zeeZ wrote:
               | From my anecdotal experience working with those cards,
               | they'll fail and brick early into your brute force
               | attempt anyway.
               | 
               | The card can use the date in the certificate provided to
               | approximate the current date, and will remember the last
               | good date it saw, so you can't just decide to change the
               | date and do another x years old check. AFAIK there is no
               | "rate limit" for those.
        
           | _Nat_ wrote:
           | What prevents someone from checking an ID against a central-
           | authority?
           | 
           | I mean, doing so online isn't necessary -- there're plenty of
           | validation mechanisms that could work offline, and presumably
           | they'd be useful in the odd cases in which internet-
           | connectivity isn't available. But internet-connectivity tends
           | to be pretty accessible in most scenarios where an ID would
           | need to be checked anyway, right?
        
         | spoonjim wrote:
         | They do. I've been to bars where they verify the 2D barcode on
         | the back. I don't know if you need to be a bar to get the
         | verification system.
        
           | _moof wrote:
           | It's just a copy of the info printed on the card, in a
           | standard barcode format.
        
           | jcrawfordor wrote:
           | In the US, the 2D barcode (PDF417) contains no signature,
           | only a plaintext duplicate of the information on the face of
           | the card. It's intended purely for convenience. Nonetheless,
           | it's not too uncommon for bouncers to use an app to read the
           | barcode because counterfeiters will surprisingly often
           | generate the barcode improperly (causing failure to parse
           | against the AAMVA specification) or outright duplicate it
           | from another ID such that none of the information matches the
           | face of the card. The specification for the barcode payload
           | is a bit obtuse but it's available online and there are
           | plenty of libraries out there for parsing and generating
           | them.
           | 
           | Most US driver's licenses also include a 1D barcode along the
           | top edge that contains just an excerpt of the information
           | from the face. This is also according to an AAMVA standard.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | "QR and Barcode Scanner" from F-Droid will decode those
             | 2-dimensional barcodes on a CA driver's license. It's
             | mostly the same info that's on the front. You see it as
             | lines of raw unparsed text with that program.
        
             | nemo1618 wrote:
             | Sorry, pet peeve of mine -- "obtuse" means "slow or dim-
             | witted;" you want "abstruse," which means "difficult to
             | comprehend."
             | 
             | Granted, using "obtuse" in this way is apparently becoming
             | more common, so this is probably a losing battle...
             | 
             | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/obtuse#note-
        
           | pseudo0 wrote:
           | Pretty sure it's just a public data format with the same info
           | as on the physical license. The design specs are here:
           | https://www.aamva.org/DL-ID-Card-Design-Standard/
           | 
           | Decent quality fakes will have the correct info in the
           | barcode as well. I guess it weeds out the cheap ones at
           | least? At my cousin's sorority they'd just find a similar-
           | looking girl over 21 who would "lose" her ID and request a
           | replacement, not sure how a bouncer would be able to detect
           | that.
        
         | Aaargh20318 wrote:
         | Pretty much all passports do have a chip you can read using
         | NFC. The data on the chip is signed using a CSCA (Country
         | Signer Certificate Authority), so you can validate the data. On
         | most documents you can also perform a challenge-response
         | protocol to determine the chip is authentic and not a copy (you
         | can read the public key but not the private key).
         | 
         | There are free smartphone apps available for both Android and
         | iOS that let you read and verify the chip.
        
       | blensor wrote:
       | I worked at a project on automated border gates a while back and
       | those automated scanners are really interesting.
       | 
       | They usually scan the document in several stages using different
       | light sources to check UV/ IR / visible light features and
       | sometimes illuminated from different angles but usually with a
       | fixed camera position.
       | 
       | This leads to the interesting effect that you could present
       | different images in quick succession to show the correct image
       | for each spectrum even if you don't have a document that can
       | appear correct in all spectral ranges at once.
       | 
       | You can't obviously do that by hand but we ended up using a
       | display (even a high dpi smartphone) that synced up to the
       | scanning process for security testing.
       | 
       | [1] if you are interested
       | 
       | [1] https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6975597
        
         | alexcnwy wrote:
         | Very cool. Can you give some more detail on how you process the
         | different images?
        
           | blensor wrote:
           | Well we cheated a bit there as we used the images the
           | document scanner recorded and put that on a phone.
           | 
           | So we had exactly the images the scanner expected, but it is
           | not an unreasonable assumption that a document forger would
           | have access to such a device.
           | 
           | In the final version we had it running on an Android device.
           | We did know the exact scanning sequence and timing (first IR,
           | second visible light, third UV exposure) so the phone showed
           | the IR image by default and used the brightness sensor to
           | detect the first flash of the recording, then an internal
           | timer ran to determine when to switch to the second and third
           | image.
           | 
           | If I recall correctly the digital part was done with JMRTD
           | [1] flashed to an empty smart card
           | 
           | The certificate check obviously would have failed, but as
           | mentioned in a comment above that is not always an issue.
           | 
           | [1] https://jmrtd.org/about.shtml
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | Interesting that an automated scanner would care so much about
         | the physical security measures. It's not sufficient to look up
         | the passport number to find the details it _should_ contain, or
         | check the digital signature?
        
           | icegreentea2 wrote:
           | I assume it would part of layered defense, and specifically
           | targeting someone replicating credentials.
        
           | user5994461 wrote:
           | >>> It's not sufficient to look up the passport number to
           | find the details it should contain, or check the digital
           | signature?
           | 
           | That would require access to the passport database of each
           | country and 24/7 network connectivity.
           | 
           | For border control in an airport, maybe it's possible to
           | operate in these conditions. However the product certainly
           | has more use cases.
        
             | rahimnathwani wrote:
             | Checking a digital signature (as proposed by GP) would not
             | require database access or network connectivity.
             | 
             | If the biographic details were cryptographically signed,
             | you'd need only a public key for each passport-issuing
             | country.
             | 
             | I'm not sure how you'd deal with key revocation in
             | situations like this.
        
               | blensor wrote:
               | It's actually done this way. Back in 2014 there were
               | basically two ways to get the public certs. Donwload them
               | from each government site individually or use the only
               | PKI infrastructure available for this task which was
               | pretty expensive and did not have all certs either.
               | 
               | And as far as I recall signatures were only checked for
               | being signed by a valid key not if the key matches the
               | country of origin. So someone in country A could sign a
               | forges passport from country B (but not 100% sure on that
               | anymore)
        
               | blensor wrote:
               | Revoking a CSCA especially towards the end of the
               | lifetime (passports are usually valid for 5 to 10 years)
               | is probably not economically possible since it would
               | invalidate millions of passports all at once so you have
               | to fall back to optical features anyway
        
             | blensor wrote:
             | Exactly. And there would be a lot more hurdles since
             | countries generally don't give such access without good
             | reason.
             | 
             | Another issue would be reliability. Doing an attack on the
             | network to break the verification backend would cause a
             | fallback to manual border control which is a problem if
             | your whole process is already relying on the automated
             | gates and you have scaled back the available agents.
             | 
             | Doing that during a time with very high demand would allow
             | an "attacker" to use it to get more people through due to
             | less attention of the border guards.
             | 
             | If I remember correctly the usual timespan a border agent
             | is considered to be attentive enough is 2 hours, at which
             | point they would need to be rotated out, but if your demand
             | has unexpectedly increased so much that you operate twice
             | the manual gates you don't have the people for the normal
             | rotation
        
               | LorenPechtel wrote:
               | Observation: China, a few years back. The train system
               | has been going from a paper ticket approach to a ID-based
               | approach. (You've had to show ID to buy the paper tickets
               | anyway.) They also work on a system where you scan your
               | ticket upon leaving, also--it catches someone who rides
               | further than they paid for.
               | 
               | At the time some cities were fully converted and were
               | willing to accept (with some difficulty, the scanners
               | were picky!) our passports others only had the local ID
               | readers. (The local ID has embedded RFID, you just touch
               | it to the scanner plate and the gate opens.) However,
               | others were not--a couple of times security simply let us
               | out without doing any sort of check.
        
               | closeparen wrote:
               | I had no idea passport control would be offline in this
               | day and age. TIL. Thanks!
        
           | blensor wrote:
           | Not sure how much I am able to say, it's already several
           | years old but the bottom line is there are so many different
           | documents that it's not always possible to check the digital
           | signature, either because it does not have a digital
           | signature (we are not only talking about passports but all
           | possible documents), can't read it because the chip is
           | damaged, or has no way to verify the signature because the
           | scanner does not have the certificate chain. And there are
           | attacks where you simply forward the communication over the
           | network to a remote reader so that the gate thinks it's
           | talking to a real passport but the physical passport is
           | somewhere else.
           | 
           | And older passports use weaker hash functions to verify the
           | integrity of the data
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | jagrsw wrote:
       | It's interesting to observe the process of bartenders or club
       | bouncers in USA verifying foreign driver licenses, esp. if
       | someone looks like they are in their 30s or older.
       | 
       | A person turns the driver license around a few times, too quick
       | to read anything on it and gives it back to you, or they ask you
       | where the birth date is and quickly check whether the four-digit
       | number you pointed them to is smaller than whatever the current
       | cut-off date is.
        
       | daneel_w wrote:
       | The item you referred to as "fake passport" is a Swedish national
       | ID card. While not a passport, it will double as one when
       | traveling _within the European Union_. How did you come across
       | it?
        
         | xioxox wrote:
         | I think he's wrong about reflectivity on passports too. My
         | European passport picture page is extremely reflective - it's
         | hard to read anything on it at the wrong angles, and the
         | reflective holograms make my picture very hard to see. The
         | photo is printed with very low contrast and uses an online
         | user-supplied photo, too!
        
       | gorgoiler wrote:
       | I wish more jurisdictions would make age verification cards. A
       | photo of me, the police logo, and the words _This person is
       | plenty old enough_.
       | 
       | I don't want to be identified. I just want a beer.
        
         | JackFr wrote:
         | The biography "Genius" has a picture of Richard Feynman's New
         | Mexico drivers license from WWII. Under name it just shows
         | "Engineer #123" (can't remember actual number) and address is
         | "Special List".
        
           | Maursault wrote:
           | Checks out. [1]
           | 
           | [1] https://longstreet.typepad.com/.a/6a00d83542d51e69e201157
           | 1d0...
        
             | otterley wrote:
             | "Occupation: Housewife"
        
         | teddyh wrote:
         | To quote myself1:
         | 
         | This would be great and all, but all parties who are in a
         | position to choose to implement this kind of system or to keep
         | the status quo are already motivated to keep (and expand) the
         | existing systems, for any number of reasons. Everybody (except
         | the end users) loves to keep that juicy metadata and incidental
         | logs of everything.
         | 
         | 1. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26538052#26560821
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | There's an app for that!
         | 
         | I Reveal My Attributes (IRMA) proves things like age without
         | giving up SSN or whatever. I don't know the details but I've
         | been hearing about it from nerds for years so I'm assuming
         | there's a solid signature scheme behind it or some way to prove
         | you're not carrying your of-age friend's phone.
         | 
         | Doesn't seem like anyone's interested in rolling this out
         | though... something something proof of vaccination in the EU
         | without compromising privacy, perfect solution mumble mumble...
        
       | nazrulmum10 wrote:
       | On your real ID, the laminate is almost unnoticeable, except for
       | a slight glossy sheen. It ends at the end of the card, although
       | if you look very closely at the edge of the card you can see two
       | or three layers: the laminate, the card stock, and possibly
       | another layer of laminate.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | There are also several security features only visible with UV and
       | IR light. Any good bouncer will have at least a UV light within
       | reach.
        
       | dpifke wrote:
       | When I was 19, I had a perfectly valid California ID card for my
       | 23 year old cousin who kinda looked like me. A bouncer in Seattle
       | confiscated it because "every California license I've seen says
       | 'driver's license,' not ID card."
        
         | l33t2328 wrote:
         | That's theft. They can't just take your property
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | Ah, but it wasn't his property, it was his 23 year old
           | cousin's property.
        
           | sebmellen wrote:
           | Unfortunately, many bars are essentially criminal enterprises
           | anyway. No concern of theirs. Not unlike towing companies
           | that serve parking lots!
        
       | rdtwo wrote:
       | I mean really the objective is to show that you put in an effort
       | that was good enough for the state inspector. Most places that
       | check ID don't care if it's actually fake just that an effort was
       | made
        
       | resoluteteeth wrote:
       | How do they know that some of these issues aren't just
       | manufacturing defects? Once you suspect that an id is fakeis
       | there a way to confirm it!
        
       | YetAnotherNick wrote:
       | > You'll notice it's smooth with rounded corners. This is because
       | your ID is laser cut.
       | 
       | Does laser cutting give better surface finish than machine cut? I
       | thought it was opposite
        
       | Igelau wrote:
       | So I'm thinking my state-issued driver's license might be fake.
       | Some of its qualities:
       | 
       | - Does not have any raised lettering
       | 
       | - Has weird edges around my hair from the shadows that look just
       | like the ones the author called Photoshop evidence
       | 
       | - The hologram looks like crap. Nice to see that Massachusetts
       | doesn't skimp on it the way $STATE does.
       | 
       | - The aspect ratio of the picture is squished because they just
       | used my last photo. COVID, you know.
       | 
       | - Clearly says "NOT FOR REAL ID PURPOSES" which I know refers to
       | "RealID", but still makes me laugh.
        
         | jjoonathan wrote:
         | The top of my ID photo has a fade-to-background, but I'm bald
         | and white so the top of the photo loses contrast faster than
         | the designer probably expected and as a result it looks like I
         | am vanishing into thin air.
        
           | kmano8 wrote:
           | Run for it Marty!
        
             | aaronbrethorst wrote:
             | He said he was being erased from existence, not that it was
             | the Libyans to whom he sold a shoddy bomb casing full of
             | used pinball machine parts!
             | 
             | edit: some folks need to go rewatch _Back to the Future_...
        
           | noduerme wrote:
           | I feel like my shadow is only half as dark as other people's.
        
         | jcrawfordor wrote:
         | A large portion of states contract their driver's license
         | printing equipment (on a maintenance & operation basis) to the
         | same company, which I believe used to be a division of Polaroid
         | but has been bought and sold since then. So many of the norms
         | that this article mentions are specific to that equipment and
         | to many US states, but not to all of them. There are still some
         | states that use relatively commodity (uncontrolled) plastic
         | stock and transfer or sublimation printers, that you can get on
         | eBay used for under a thousand. You can imagine that results in
         | more counterfeiting which encourages states to switch to the
         | more expensive and controlled equipment and stock.
         | 
         | Raised print is particularly variable, a lot of states don't
         | use raised print. As I understand it, it's done by a specific
         | machine that is especially costly (the rest of the laser
         | features mostly come already done from the stock manufacturer).
         | 
         | Edit: it's L-1 Identity Solutions. I believe the ID card
         | printing component used to be with Identix before they merged
         | with a newer company to form L-1.
        
           | cbsks wrote:
           | My DC license from ~2012 was just 2 decals stuck to a white
           | plastic card. No raised lettering. The front decal started to
           | peel back after a few years. It sure looked like a fake ID.
        
           | Wowfunhappy wrote:
           | This kind of leads into the thing I was wondering about when
           | reading the article: What about false positives? What are the
           | consequences of denying entry to someone who did, in fact,
           | have a real ID? Could they potentially sue the bar?
        
             | bigyikes wrote:
             | I don't think there would be any standing for a lawsuit.
             | The bar can deny entry or kick you out for any reason.
             | You're not entitled to entry.
        
       | funkdified wrote:
       | Temporary paper IDs are issued in some states while you await
       | receiving your real ID in the mail. They are easy to Photoshop
       | and print and must be accepted with a photo ID with matching
       | name, like a college ID.
        
         | vzaliva wrote:
         | If you talking about temporary driver licenses, at least in
         | californoa they say "NOT A VERIFIED IDENTIFICATION" on the top.
        
           | funkdified wrote:
           | Yes, that's what I'm talking about. It's possible that things
           | have changed since I was in college ;)
        
             | resoluteteeth wrote:
             | You can use the temporary drivers licenses as driver
             | licenses (for actual driving), but I don't think they are
             | generally accepted in other situations.
        
               | funkdified wrote:
               | Once upon a time, it worked very well.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Once upon a time, alcohol usage among college students--
               | regardless of age--was something that a blind eye was
               | mostly turned to, including most local bars and the like
               | to say nothing of the college itself. From what I can
               | tell, this has mostly changed a _lot_.
        
       | woodruffw wrote:
       | Having read this, I went and found my Global Entry[1] card. It
       | has remarkably few of the security features mentioned: it's
       | clearly machine cut and has visible laminate layers, and the
       | raised features are incredibly easy to miss. I've used this card
       | to enter and leave the United States multiple times, but every
       | bartender thinks it's fake.
       | 
       | Oh, and my picture on it is laughably bad. I distinctly remember
       | the border agent using a consumer Logitech webcam to take it.
       | 
       | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Entry
        
         | zaychikk wrote:
         | I have one of these too (including the terrible logitech
         | portrait) and I think the important verification going on is
         | that 1) once you're approved, your passport number is linked
         | and the book can be cross-referenced and 2) I believe DHS is
         | now doing facial recognition at global entry terminals, which
         | does away with the card totally.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | cafard wrote:
       | When I was in college, the laws were not quite so strict as they
       | are now: in that state, persons over 18 could purchase 3.2 beer
       | (3.2% alcohol by volume). Still, a fraternity or fraternities
       | would bring in a fake-ID manufacturer every fall. Somebody on the
       | student paper wanted to do an article on it. But his boss or
       | bosses had had such a fake id. The article never ran.
       | 
       | Let me add that the age of drinking was set to 21 across the
       | country because the Reagan administration did not wish to make
       | airbags mandatory. It was argued that raising the drinking age
       | would produce an equivalent or greater savings in life compared
       | to mandating airbags in new cars. The Department of
       | Transportation could withhold funds from any state that allowed
       | those under 21 to purchase alcoholic beverages.
       | 
       | Those of you younger than I am will know how much effect raising
       | the drinking age really had. My impression is, Not much.
        
         | DaveExeter wrote:
         | >Those of you younger than I am will know how much effect
         | raising the drinking age really had. My impression is, Not
         | much.
         | 
         | I think it had a very negative effect of creating a cohort of
         | second-class citizens, who had the responsibilities of
         | adulthood but not the rights.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | enkid wrote:
         | Actually, a quick search shows the Minimum Legal Drinking Age
         | (MLDA) of 21 has had a pretty significant impact in reducing
         | drinking and drunk driving in those under 21. [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20497803/
        
           | pas wrote:
           | Not surprising. This seems like a big externality of car-only
           | transportation.
        
         | dhosek wrote:
         | Wisconsin was one of the states with a drinking age of 18 while
         | Illinois had 21. The border between the states was referred to
         | as a "blood border" because of the large number of drunk
         | driving fatalities of 18-20 year olds crossing the border to be
         | able to legally buy alcohol.
         | 
         | So, yes, the fact that the drinking age was 21 didn't prevent
         | me from consuming excessive quantities of alcohol during my
         | first three years of college1, but it also eliminated
         | differential situations like Illinois-Wisconsin which had a
         | measurable impact on reducing DUI fatalities, so it was a bit
         | more than not much.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | 1. During the late 80s, the dorm soda machines were stocked by
         | the students. Many of the machines had a slot dedicated to beer
         | (often a "random" slot where you took your chances. You might
         | get something good, you might get Coors Light. The soda machine
         | of the era were capable of dispensing glass bottles of beers
         | even though they were designed for cans. Mostly capable.
         | Occasionally, your 60 cents would end up buying you a pile of
         | broken glass and beer foam. Regardless, having campus being the
         | only place to feasibly buy alcohol meant that drunk driving
         | incidents were rare to non-existent.
        
           | grp000 wrote:
           | I went to college in 2010, and it's unreal to hear about beer
           | vending machines.
        
             | TylerE wrote:
             | I'm a bit older than you - maybe a decade.
             | 
             | I can't beleive beer vending, either, but I do remember
             | cigarette machines.
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | The beer vending was semi-underground. The machines were
               | kept in semi-private locations (dorm lounge or a store-
               | room that only students had access to), administration
               | looked the other way and if service was needed from the
               | vending machine company, the beer would be removed and
               | replaced with soda for the duration of the service visit
               | (and the labels on the buttons changed to more innocent
               | choices). On-campus underage drinking was widely
               | tolerated. My cohort was probably the last to have such
               | freedom. There were a number of serious alcohol poisoning
               | incidents and the lax approach to on-campus alcohol came
               | to an end in the course of the 90s.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I graduated in Massachusetts in 1979. I've never seen a
               | beer vending machine.
               | 
               | But even after age 21 drinking came in in the state, most
               | of the bars where I went to school were perfectly fine
               | with a college ID with no age on it. (And my drivers
               | license at the time was an unlaminated piece of index
               | stock with no photo.)
        
             | watertom wrote:
             | Graduated in 85. Drinking age was 21 in my state.
             | 
             | First two years, any student could sign out the dorm lounge
             | and with $40 and the school would provide 1/2 keg of beer,
             | $80 would get you (2) 1/2 kegs, $120 etc.
             | 
             | Spring weekend, not break, First two years $5 wrist band
             | let you drink Friday, Saturday and Sunday, regardless of
             | age. The school provided the beer, and a constant run of
             | bands on 3 alternating stages.
             | 
             | The end of my 2nd year, there was a really bad drunk
             | driving accident with 3 underage students killed, the
             | school stopped sponsoring alcohol at events. They also
             | started enforcing drinking age laws.
        
           | fredophile wrote:
           | Is that any different from the large number of DUIs in and
           | around dry counties? If you make it so that people have to
           | drive somewhere else to drink then you're going to have some
           | of those people making the return trip drunk.
        
         | jfoutz wrote:
         | I had a professor from Germany that strongly recommended
         | drinking when young, and driving when old. I think there is a
         | lot of wisdom there.
        
           | goodcanadian wrote:
           | I learned to drive the ride on lawn mower when I was 6. I was
           | small and light enough that the dead man switch sometimes
           | shut off the mower when I went over a bump. I learned to
           | drive the farm truck when I was about 12. I literally looked
           | through the steering wheel rather than over it. At that age,
           | it was still a big scary machine that I treated with respect.
           | By the time I could legally drive on public roads, I was
           | quite comfortable and confident with handling a vehicle. I
           | already knew what I could get away with and what I couldn't.
           | I think there is a lot to be said for learning to drive
           | before you are a stupid teenager.
        
             | pas wrote:
             | The problem comes when confident drivers meet their new
             | best friend, alcohol.
        
               | goodcanadian wrote:
               | There is a difference between confident because you
               | actually know what you are doing and confident because
               | you are a dumb teenager. I don't know, maybe I was
               | unusually smart, but I never dared mixing alcohol with
               | driving.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | Most people avoid accidents, so anecdotes are likely to
               | skew toward "no effect". But the incidence of
               | recklessness is still higher in young people, hence in
               | countries where a lot of young people drive, there will
               | be a bump in the DUI accident numbers for young people.
               | 
               | My argument is that unless young people have experience
               | with both, it's unlikely that there won't be an initial
               | increase in DUI accidents until they get that experience.
        
               | goodcanadian wrote:
               | Yes, and my argument is that you can reduce the risks of
               | that recklessness by teaching them about driving (or for
               | that matter about alcohol) early, rather than treating
               | them like children.
        
               | JackFr wrote:
               | What do you mean? Self-reported ability typically goes
               | way up.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | Yes, exactly that. After a few beers everyone's gangsta
               | and feel like they are going to beat the Fast & Furious
               | franchise on the road home. Even drunk driving takes
               | experience, and young people don't have it, no matter
               | what they start with (driving or drinking).
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | Do you have a source? That's never been the story I've been
         | told. MADD and a few other groups lobbied for the age to be 21
         | and they tied it to federal highway funds. It's one of the
         | reason Louisiana had really bad roads, they held out for longer
         | or so the story goes.
         | 
         | Mandatory airbags and seatbelts happened at the same time but
         | MADD was focused on the alcohol part. 21-24 year olds had the
         | highest rate of drunk driving but 37 year olds were the most to
         | die in alcohol related crashes.[1]1993
         | 
         | https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1993/4/10/reagans-sober-l...
        
       | mshroyer wrote:
       | This author is almost as skilled as the staff at my local AMC
       | Theatre, where I was a bystander to a woman getting denied a beer
       | on account of her Washington, D.C. driver's license not being a
       | "state-issued ID".
        
         | blhack wrote:
         | Oh my god that is either hilariously stupid, or some _top_ tier
         | trolling.
        
           | aaronbrethorst wrote:
           | It's technically accurate, and some _serious_ bullshit:
           | 
           | 'No taxation without representation. But also, no beer until
           | representation.'
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I haven't encountered this in years and years and especially
           | with REALID standardization I assume it's vanishingly rare,
           | but driver's licenses used to vary enormously from state to
           | state and many didn't even have photos. So I assume the logic
           | on requiring in-state government ID would be that a store
           | clerk had no way of knowing whether an out-of-state license
           | was a blatant forgery or not.
        
             | alibarber wrote:
             | I don't think they meant 'in' state, more so 'issued by a
             | state' which DC isn't.
             | 
             | I always thought it meant state as in 'nation state' - so a
             | passport would count.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | It's usually "government issued photo ID." I have seen
               | (but not for many years) cases where a store wouldn't
               | accept out of state ID for alcohol purchases.
        
           | huy-nguyen wrote:
           | Then you probably haven't heard of airport TSA agents turning
           | away people with New Mexico license, thinking that New Mexico
           | is in Mexico and not the US.
        
         | Gunax wrote:
         | So... no passports or green cards either?
        
           | Leherenn wrote:
           | Or foreigners.
        
           | martinpw wrote:
           | I remember trying to buy beer in a grocery store in Arizona
           | as a visitor using my passport as ID. The cashier called out
           | the manager to decide if they could serve me. The manager
           | said no.
        
       | elygre wrote:
       | If you want the details on security features of EU/EEC drivers
       | licenses, the European Union has published a handbook for that:
       | 
       | https://euagenda.eu/upload/publications/untitled-96809-ea.pd...
        
       | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
       | The thing that gets me is that in order to get one of these dandy
       | IDs with the holograms, micro lettering, and laser cutting is a
       | birth certificate and an electric bill. My birth certificate is
       | hand typed on an IBM Selectric typewriter on common security
       | paper and the only real security feature is the embossed emblem
       | of the rural county of the rural state I was born - and unless
       | you have a sample to compare with you really can't validate. Most
       | utility bills are printed on cheap lightweight paper by a common
       | laser printer and the only security feature might be a bit of
       | color or a slightly non-standard size. Once you have a drivers
       | license you are only a fee payment away from a passport.
       | 
       | Granted I might get a lot more scrutiny if I walk into the DMV
       | wearing an El Tri t-shirt and speaking with an accent but barring
       | that it seems a very low bar to turn a crappy hand-typed 50s
       | birth certificate into a modern secure ID.
        
         | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
         | Do they actually just go by what it says on the paper, or do
         | they contact the organisation which issued it and check their
         | records?
        
           | tedmiston wrote:
           | In my state, they just look at the birth certificate and
           | utility bill for a minute or less.
           | 
           | However, they may make a copy of the utility bill to keep on
           | file, but my memory is fuzzy about that part.
        
         | tinus_hn wrote:
         | So how do you prove you actually passed the exam, if all you
         | need for a drivers license is a birth certificate and a utility
         | bill?
        
           | tedmiston wrote:
           | That is for the renewal.
           | 
           | I suspect this varies by state, and I can't speak for other
           | states, but in Ohio the initial driver license also requires:
           | a knowledge test; vision screening; and a driving skills test
           | consisting of two parts: (1) maneuverability, (2) on road.
           | 
           | Surprisingly I don't believe there is any updated vision test
           | requirement on renewals once you have a valid license.
        
         | djrogers wrote:
         | For the states I'm familiar with, you'd also need a Social
         | Security Number that matched the birth certificate, and a few
         | also require a thumbprint. If you attempted to get an ID card
         | for Joe Smith with SSN 123-45-6789, but he already has one,
         | your photo also wouldn't match the existing digital photo on
         | record.
         | 
         | You would likely be able to get an ID card issued in someone
         | else's name, but it's not as easy as typing up a fake birth
         | certificate and electric bill.
        
           | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
           | I've never seen a birth certificate with a social security
           | number. If you've ever had a child, you'll know that you
           | don't apply for a SSN until long after birth and the issuance
           | of a birth certificate.
           | 
           | Source: three different states, personal experience
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | You are over-interpreting.
             | 
             | The SSN has a name attached to it. That has to match the
             | birth certificate (probably with some rules about other
             | records for name changes and the like).
        
         | Igelau wrote:
         | I forget what it was my wife and I were applying for, but we
         | had to produce a "certified copy" of our marriage license. We
         | were just like "yeah, whatever" and toted along the real thing.
         | This was shot down because they _needed a certified copy_ ,
         | which turned out to be a completely bland and unremarkable
         | printout that could have come from anywhere.
        
           | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
           | That's how I feel every time I get asked for a utility bill
           | as proof of anything. Security theater at its finest.
        
         | xmprt wrote:
         | I suppose attempting that would get you a much higher quality
         | fake however now your fake as well as your address is recorded
         | in the system and you're screwed if they ever catch on. Use
         | someone else's address and it's a federal crime if you go
         | through their mail. I also think there's probably some higher
         | level of identity fraud for messing with government officials
         | as opposed to just messing with a bouncer at a bar.
        
         | avereveard wrote:
         | Here in good old Europe you either produce a valid ID to obtain
         | one (renewals) or you need testimony of two person with valid
         | ID (i.e. theft) or two parents (traditional birth) or one
         | parent ID and a certificate of birth, but the one signed by the
         | hospital, not the birth registration certificate from the
         | government (single parent birth) or a valid visa and a valid
         | foreign ID (immigration)
         | 
         | Seems to cover about all cases and pin your identity to
         | previously verified identities recursively
        
         | siva7 wrote:
         | in most countries faking especially a birth cert alongside
         | other official ID documents is a serious criminal offense.
         | certainly not worth it for getting beer.
        
           | isatty wrote:
           | People who fake birth certs aren't doing it for the beer.
        
         | catillac wrote:
         | Surely one could not just make up a totally fake birth
         | certificate from nothing and have any licensing office take
         | that seriously? Surely there are additional electronic records
         | or other security features?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
           | I know you can purchase books of identity documents from
           | various locations and years and those give details of the
           | various security features that were present and material
           | samples to compare with but I've never encountered anyone
           | using them. Usually it's just making sure I have all the
           | documents, compare with my application, then go stand in line
           | for a picture.
           | 
           | Though when I applied for the trusted traveler program they
           | did keep my documents for a few weeks so they might have been
           | doing that sort of verification.
        
             | jonathanlydall wrote:
             | When I did Customer Service at Blizzard EU many years ago
             | they had a product with a catalogue of samples of different
             | passports and identity documents which we could use to
             | compare with the image we had received from someone
             | claiming ownership of an account.
             | 
             | It was most amusing when the document you were trying to
             | validate had the exact same person's photograph as in the
             | sample document.
        
           | tedmiston wrote:
           | I'm sure an electronic database of birth certificates exists
           | _somewhere_ to handle the case where an original is lost. But
           | I do not think the BMV  / DMV does anything to validate your
           | birth certificate itself electronically.
        
           | djrogers wrote:
           | No, one could not do that. You'd need at least a real name
           | with a valid SSN who's birthplace and DOB matches what you're
           | trying to get issued. Definitely possible, but more work than
           | just completely faking up a couple of papers.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Yeah it's cross-referenced if possible.
           | 
           | The hot shit is to use a baptismal record instead (accepted
           | most anywhere but usually found only for older people).
        
       | User23 wrote:
       | How many businesses actually care? Isn't the business a victim of
       | fraud if a customer uses dishonest papers to gain admittance?
       | Last I knew fraud vitiates everything.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Depends. My wife's identity was recently stolen, and the
         | fraudster rented an apartment; it's not clear if the fraudster
         | showed a fake ID in that process, but they may have. The
         | apartment complex is likely going to be out rent for several
         | months as this plays out, better vetting could have prevented
         | that loss.
         | 
         | If it's a bar, they might be on the hook for underage drinking
         | if they don't do a decent job of checking.
         | 
         | (PS, lock your credit reports)
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | What have they lost?
        
         | evgen wrote:
         | > Last I knew fraud vitiates everything.
         | 
         | Not even close. If you take a fake ID to a bar in the US, get
         | drunk, drive home and slam into a bus full of nuns just before
         | you reach your destination then the bartender who served you
         | will need a criminal attorney as well as the bouncer who
         | checked IDs at the door and probably the owner of the bar.
         | Strict liability applies here.
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Fraud does not vitiate statutory rape of a minor.
        
           | smnrchrds wrote:
           | Usually in common-law jurisdictions, absolute liability (i.e.
           | mens rea is not required and due diligence is not a valid
           | defence) cannot legally apply to criminal offences. Is that
           | not the case in your jurisdiction?
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | When I was a kid, we would make fake IDs using a huge poster
       | board. We used pinstriping meant for cars to make the "grid" that
       | all the text went into, rub-on letters for all the text, and a
       | highlighter to draw "see through" stuff like the state seal.
       | Then, you cut out the space where your photo went and actually
       | held it in front of your face. A friend takes photos from various
       | distances, then you pick the photo that's closest to the size of
       | an actual license. They worked, even with the obvious flaws they
       | had, because the bouncers really just wanted plausible proof that
       | they had checked.
        
       | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
       | The sooner we use PKI for identification in some oauth2 like
       | system (where we can choose to redact irrelevant information such
       | as our name or address) the better.
       | 
       | Brisbane Australia scans ID cards on entry to nightclubs (I think
       | there's a control where if you're booted from one club you're
       | barred from all for the night). I'm all for a safe nightlife, but
       | good luck asking a bouncer what their data retention, data
       | privacy, and operational/technical security are without getting
       | laughed out of the cue.
        
         | markzzerella wrote:
         | I've left parties because they go to clubs that scan your ID
         | and take your photo before you can enter on several occasions.
         | Cryptographically verifiable identification is not a good idea,
         | regardless of intentions.
        
           | nojito wrote:
           | What's wrong with scanning your ID?
        
             | joppy wrote:
             | An ID (I'm thinking specifically of a drivers licence in
             | Australia) usually contains virtually all information
             | anyone would ever need to identify themselves as you over
             | the phone - name, address, date of birth, drivers licence
             | number, etc. Having someone scan this and save it is not
             | something you really want anyone to ever do.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | I assume they get far more information about you than they
             | need.
        
               | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
               | Then sell it to marketing teams, or send goons to your
               | house if they think you're causing trouble, or stalk you.
        
               | gwerbret wrote:
               | Hired goons?
        
               | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
               | Nightclub owners aren't the least shady people, I'm sure
               | there's already some on their payrolls so no need for
               | more...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | I'd assume the information on the 2d barcode is the same
               | as what's printed on the front. The problem is that you
               | have no idea whether a scanner is connected to a larger
               | surveillance database. A GDPR-style law and real
               | enforcement would go a long way to restoring some
               | societal trust in the US. As things stand right now, it's
               | prudent to put tape over the 2d barcode and the printed
               | ID number, and only remove it when necessary (eg actually
               | interacting with the police).
        
               | bellyfullofbac wrote:
               | There are phone apps that can read the barcode with the
               | camera, I've tried them and they have a lot of info, like
               | eye color and address.
               | 
               | I wonder if it's legal to print one's own barcode as a
               | privacy shield..
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Well, your address is printed right on the front too. I
               | thought eye color was printed on the front, but I guess
               | not. So perhaps there are a few fields like that.
               | 
               | I wouldn't think printing out your own 2d barcode with
               | some fields masked would be strictly illegal, as long as
               | you weren't committing _fraud_ by putting fake info.
               | 
               | Practically though, even just covering mine up with tape
               | I've run into a few people who call it a "tampered" ID.
               | IIRC this has only happened for situations where I accept
               | they're going to require the identification number, so
               | I've removed the tape from the printed number on the
               | front but not the barcode on the back (because it's
               | harder to nicely put the bigger piece of tape back). When
               | I hand over my ID I ask them to key in the number instead
               | of scanning, and most people will happily do so. But the
               | occasional person will get tense and say it's a
               | "tampered" ID and refuse to accept it. I've always
               | quieted them right down by removing the back tape and
               | handing it back to them. But I can imagine if you have a
               | different barcode and someone notices it might set off
               | similar "serious business" flags that you won't be able
               | to assuage so easily.
               | 
               | But if you've got the bandwidth to try it, go ahead.
               | Human rights aren't going to defend themselves! Just
               | remember to be pleasant in your interactions, and it
               | helps to have examples ready of why you want to keep your
               | information out of databases.
        
           | Shacklz wrote:
           | > Cryptographically verifiable identification is not a good
           | idea, regardless of intentions.
           | 
           | Technically not an identification, but Zero-Knowledge-Proofs
           | might be the solution to that. If I remember correctly, some
           | countries in the EU are looking into this for medical
           | prescriptions - proving your eligibility while exposing zero
           | information about you.
        
           | vzaliva wrote:
           | I had an argument with my local supermarked when they
           | insisted on scanning my ID each time I buy beer. To add
           | insult to the injusry: I was in my forties at this time with
           | grey hair. I stopped shopping there.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | StopHammoTime wrote:
         | They are not as complicated as you think. They don't retain
         | your ID, they simply OCR the license number and check against a
         | known list of offenders.
        
           | 15155 wrote:
           | Absolutely false.
           | 
           | Dispensaries, nightclubs: many if not most all retain
           | information parsed from the AAMVA-encoded text within the
           | PDF417 barcode on the back.
           | 
           | Most of these devices aren't using OCR, either, because why
           | would you when you have a 2D barcode standard?
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | How can you tell? Plus, even if they're not as sophisticated
           | yet, all it takes is some marketing oxygen-wasters to say
           | that they could improve profits/conversions/etc by 1% by
           | capturing ID information for this to become reality.
        
             | 15155 wrote:
             | It's an advertised feature on this product:
             | 
             | https://patronscan.com/id-scanner-for-bars
             | 
             | I have no idea where GP lives in that this information
             | wouldn't be retained for some reason (in the US.)
        
         | axiosgunnar wrote:
         | But PKI still doesn't solve the ,,two people who look similar"
         | attack, right?
         | 
         | All PKI can do is ,,this photo matches this information"
         | perfectly.
         | 
         | It cannot do ,,this person matches this photo" perfectly.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | You need some sort of smart card/secure element to ensure the
           | ID itself can't be duplicated.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Duplication isn't needed if I just borrow a similar enough
             | looking person's id and return it before they notice.
        
           | shalmanese wrote:
           | You could have an optional service where the DMV sends you a
           | push notification/SMS every time your ID is scanned.
        
           | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
           | Yeah correct, but IDs are easily fake able anyway. The
           | purpose of ID is to stop low leve falsification, high level
           | ID forgery involves bribes for .
           | 
           | Worst comes to it, I'd opt more for biometric verification
           | provided the software / hardware is produced by a sane entity
           | such as local government and not some seedy nightclub.
        
           | phyalow wrote:
           | Arguably PKI can do that exactly if it is paired with a
           | facial recognition toolkit... A slippery slope.
        
           | bdhess wrote:
           | You could use the PKI's revocation capabilities to ensure
           | that each person only had one valid ID.
        
             | axiosgunnar wrote:
             | Yes but what about deliberate borrowing of a PKI from a
             | similar looking friend?
        
         | zeeZ wrote:
         | The German ID card works something like that. The fields you as
         | a vendor are approved for, you can make either required or
         | optional server-side. The user can then choose what they want
         | to add or to abort process. It can be read either with a pin
         | that's printed on it, or with your Personal six digit pin,
         | depending on use case.
         | 
         | You can tell it to just do an age check (has completed nth
         | year) or a place check (lives in community with x ID) and it'll
         | just return yes or no. There's also a pseudonym function that
         | returns a unique ID per card+vendor combination (so the same
         | vendor can tell it's the same ID again, but a different vendor
         | would receive a different ID).
         | 
         | I can't see it used in night clubs though. There's a staggering
         | amount of requirements you have to meet in order to receive
         | certification to go to one of the handful of service providers
         | that meet even more requirements to run a secure server that
         | are connected to the PKI allowed to talk to the ID card.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | Why should a bar care? Just do a "decent" enough job to make the
       | cops know you're trying.
        
         | runnerup wrote:
         | This was how it was done in 2008 at least, when I bartended.
         | Our bouncers were very, very good at identifying fake ID's from
         | almost any state. Sometimes when they confiscated them, the
         | people would call the police and the police would look at the
         | ID and hand it back (there's not a lot of verification that can
         | be done in the field). This is despite that the ID was, in
         | fact, 100% fake - often our friends who were staff at other
         | bars who were drinking as "regular" customers could confirm
         | that they admitted in private it was fake afterwards.
         | 
         | Depending on the night we'd instruct the bouncers to be either
         | more strict or less strict about checking ID's. Everyone's
         | paycheck came from the tips so if it was too quiet then staff
         | might not be able to pay rent. If it was too crazy, staff might
         | get hurt.
         | 
         | Yes, technically serving minors is "strict liability" but the
         | city police didn't enforce it that way. If someone had a
         | reasonable quality fake ID it would let us off the hook as far
         | as the usual cops were concerned. Obviously it wouldn't help us
         | if the alcohol enforcement agency specifically showed up that
         | night (very very rare) or if an underage drinker died in a
         | drunk driving accident (never happened thank god).
         | 
         | Our bouncers were better than police at checking fake ID's
         | because: 1) they check many orders of magnitude more ID's than
         | cops ever do 2) part of our on boarding is to give the new
         | bouncers a pile (200+) of fake ID's to study which we had
         | because we confiscated them. These included real ID's which we
         | confiscated because they were being used by not-the-owner of
         | the ID. Then 1-3 months later they are tested against a
         | different set of fake/real ID's and needed to get some absurdly
         | high % correct.
        
           | Zak wrote:
           | > _technically serving minors is "strict liability"_
           | 
           | As an aside, strict liability in criminal law strikes me as
           | unjust. There should always be a culpable mental state
           | attached to a crime, even if it's just negligence so that
           | people are only punished for behavior that the relevant
           | legislative authority has deemed _bad_.
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | You confiscated them? Deny entry, sure, it's your business
           | and you have no obligation to risk liability (although as you
           | say, there's little risk and you bend the rules when your
           | revenues are weak).
           | 
           | Nut how does that give you confiscatory rights? How do you
           | come to be exercising police powers and deciding that you can
           | take other people's stuff on behalf of your local
           | jurisdiction? Is this a legal requirement, and if so, how do
           | you justify a) bending the rules as described and b) not
           | surrendering the confiscated property to the civil
           | authorities?
           | 
           | (I realize you were tending bar, not operating the business,
           | yourself.)
        
             | runnerup wrote:
             | It varies state-by-state. In my state it was explicitly
             | legal for bar staff to confiscate fake ID's.
             | 
             | This has a list of most states' rules on the matter:
             | https://law.stackexchange.com/a/41818
        
           | aix1 wrote:
           | > These included real ID's which we confiscated because they
           | were being used by not-the-owner of the ID.
           | 
           | Wait, how does this work? You (as a private, non-government
           | entity) can just confiscate an ID simply because you suspect
           | the bearer isn't the person whose ID it is?
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | Presumably the bouncer says "I'm confiscating this, you can
             | leave or we can get the cops to sort it out" and anyone
             | using a fake ID who isn't dumb chooses the former.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | runnerup wrote:
               | Yes this is exactly what happens, to a "T".
               | 
               | Most of the bars I knew of had their own collections of
               | fake ID's. The good ones would use them for training
               | purposes and the bad ones would find ways to sell them on
               | the black market.
               | 
               | Holding onto them for training purposes may be illegal
               | but generally we had very good relationships with the
               | police, it wasn't something that would have ever been
               | enforced.
               | 
               | To dispel the notion that this was some "bootlicker" bar
               | that got special treatment from police, it was the
               | actually the most popular bar in a college town very much
               | like Berkeley or Austin or Cambridge. When Obama won the
               | election the bar was standing room only but the manager
               | had the staff give a free shot to everyone in the bar.
        
             | mike_d wrote:
             | It doesn't. If you confiscate an ID document you are
             | supposed to turn it over to law enforcement. You don't just
             | get to build up a collection of other peoples stuff.
             | 
             | In many states _possession_ of a fake ID is a crime, in
             | addition to laws that cover use or intent to defraud.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | But what if law enforcement is manufacturing fake ids
               | themselves?
               | 
               | That's one of the many ways Trump loyalist Matt Gaetz's
               | best buddy pedo-pimp Joel Greenberg got in trouble,
               | making fake ids using information from surrendered
               | driver's licenses.
               | 
               | https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2020/07/16/joel-
               | gree...
               | 
               | >The report claims that some customers came to
               | Greenberg's office to surrender their driver's license --
               | for instance, when they were receiving a replacement or
               | renewal -- with the understanding that their old ID would
               | be shredded.
               | 
               | >Instead, federal prosecutors allege that Greenberg used
               | the information from at least two IDs, one from Florida
               | and one from Puerto Rico, to create a fake driver's
               | license that would have his picture on it along with the
               | victims' names, date of birth and other pertinent
               | information.
               | 
               | >"Joel Micah Greenberg used the surrendered drivers
               | licenses that he had taken to cause fake driver licenses
               | to be produced that had his photograph but the personal
               | information of the victims whose driver licenses he had
               | taken," prosecutors wrote.
        
             | runnerup wrote:
             | This was explicitly legal to do in our state. Here's a list
             | of laws on that state-by-state:
             | https://law.stackexchange.com/a/41818
        
         | catillac wrote:
         | They get huge fines from the state alcoholic beverage office.
         | This is strict liability, and punishment can be gigantic fines
         | and revocation of the alcohol selling license. So, intent
         | doesn't matter in most states and no matter how real an id
         | appeared, selling underage creates these consequences.
        
       | Traubenfuchs wrote:
       | Why do bouncers in the US enjoy looking at IDs so much, even for
       | OBVIOUSLY adult people? In Austria and Germany, you don't usually
       | get asked for your id, unless you look underage AND the
       | clerk/bouncer is in the mood to check.
       | 
       | When I was clubbing in New York, the bouncer would even control
       | my id very closly when I went back in after a smoke. It was cold,
       | he saw me leave, he saw I wasn't wearing more than a t-shirt in
       | the cold night. Yet he took 20 seconds to check my passport.
       | People tell me I look like 35.
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | Had this in vegas. But it seems to depend on the bar/staff. One
         | would absolutely refuse to serve me without seeing my passport,
         | another wouldn't even ask.
        
         | mellosouls wrote:
         | Security; e.g. if trouble kicks off it helps to both identify
         | people who may have left the scene, and warn entrants that
         | facility is in use.
        
         | coldpie wrote:
         | The police here send underage people to bars with fake IDs in
         | order to try to punish the bars for serving the underage people
         | the police sent. Really. The punishments are pretty severe,
         | including losing their liquor license for some time or even
         | being shut down entirely. So they are pretty rigorous in their
         | ID checks. The system works, I guess.
        
           | tedmiston wrote:
           | > The police here send underage people to bars with fake IDs
           | in order to try to punish the bars for serving the underage
           | people the police sent. Really.
           | 
           | Source?
        
             | otterley wrote:
             | I don't have a source but I personally visited a restaurant
             | that had their license temporarily suspended for serving a
             | minor who turned out to be an undercover cop.
             | Unsurprisingly these places prefer not to have this fact
             | publicized, and it was their first offense, so you're
             | unlikely to find stories about it in news articles on the
             | internet.
        
             | whoooooo123 wrote:
             | I don't know about the US, but so-called "test purchases"
             | are an extremely well-known practice in the UK and it's not
             | the least bit controversial to suggest they happen - and
             | everyone knows it if they've ever worked on a bar. I know
             | someone who lost his job for failing to ask for ID when the
             | customer was a test purchase.
        
           | Aachen wrote:
           | That happens in every country with drinking age laws right?
           | This can't be what makes the USA different (assuming GP's
           | thesis is correct, I've never been to a place that had a
           | bouncer let alone to the USA).
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | It might have to do with enforcement. Some liquor control
         | boards don't give a shit if someone had a fake ID, they will
         | fine or shutdown them bar if someone underage comes in.
         | 
         | And I know in my city they'll hire folks who are underage, with
         | fake IDs to try and get pdf the checks.
         | 
         | The bar has probably been busted before and told the bouncers
         | they'd be fired if they didn't check closely.
         | 
         | Just a guess.
        
         | tedmiston wrote:
         | This varies widely by city and state. There are some cities
         | where you'll almost never get carded, and others where you'll
         | get carded at every single bar.
        
         | Zak wrote:
         | The level of scrutiny you're describing sounds unusual for most
         | parts of the US, but the broad answer is that the relevant
         | enforcement authorities are more aggressive in the US than they
         | are in Austria and Germany. This leads to inflexible policies
         | so that the establishment's lawyer can more effectively defend
         | against prosecution for any failures.
        
         | rolleiflex wrote:
         | In your case, I think he was possibly just curious about your
         | passport. In the general case, bouncers do this to not seen as
         | slacking on the job by their peers or manager.
        
       | uncomputation wrote:
       | This is a well designed web site. Kudos
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | Minimizing teen drinking is all very well, but I despise the
       | permission-seeking society we've ended up with with you have to
       | show ID in all kinds of places and beg for permission to exist.
       | 
       | Last winter my wife was ill with a cold. I stuck my credit card
       | in my pocket and went to the drugstore to buy a box of Theraflu,
       | an over-the counter decongestant. They wouldn't sell it to me
       | without ID and when I protested this they grabbed the box and
       | told me to get out of the store or they would call over their
       | armed security guy. This was a corporate change, I had bought the
       | same product many times before without ever being asked for ID.
       | 
       | People are forced to ask permission far more today than a few
       | decades ago, and everyone is treated like a suspect if they
       | object. I don't know who's more contemptible, the petty
       | authoritarians or the people meekly giving up their privacy and
       | dignity to get permission to engage in the most ordinary
       | activities.
        
         | andrewaylett wrote:
         | UK resident here, and I'm pretty sure I've only ever once been
         | asked for ID for alcohol -- and that was at a private work
         | event where everyone was definitely over 18 (and I was 38 and
         | not drinking).
         | 
         | I've never been asked for ID for either OTC or prescription
         | medicine, and while I obviously need to present a passport to
         | travel internationally, the airline doesn't need to see it. And
         | all my recent travel has been domestic, and not needed ID.
         | 
         | (Since I turned 18, the government scheme for when to ask for
         | ID for alcohol has ratcheted up from nothing to "Think 21" and
         | on to "Think 25" so a younger me would probably have needed to
         | show ID at least a bit. But I don't think that's entirely
         | unreasonable)
        
           | miracle2k wrote:
           | In the UK, you have to show your ID if you want to buy
           | scissors.
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | Nonsense! I bought kitchen scissors from a hardware store
             | in the UK a couple of weeks ago (but I'm 65, with a white
             | beard; perhaps they'd have tried to card me if I might
             | conceivably have been under 18).
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | No, for two reasons. One, while some retailers might decide
             | that "scissors" are really knives and so they'd best act as
             | though you're buying a knife that is not the law. So, this
             | is not something you "have to" do, it's a store policy,
             | like if they won't sell you more than six rolls of toilet
             | paper at a time.
             | 
             | Two, if you're old (which unfortunately I am) then your
             | apparent age is enough anyway. I do not ordinarily carry
             | ID. Nobody stops me buying alcohol, entering nightclubs,
             | watching movies, or doing other age-restricted activities,
             | because "This person is obviously like, fifty?" is enough.
        
               | andrewaylett wrote:
               | There _are_ places with a policy of asking everyone for
               | ID -- I know because they 're the only places where _I
               | 've_ been asked for ID.
               | 
               | Of course, for both the knife and the alcohol
               | regulations, the law is around age. ID is merely the
               | mechanism that everyone uses to validate age, as it's
               | settled practice that doing so will prove the ID card
               | holder's age sufficiently for the purpose of the
               | legislation.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | grawprog wrote:
         | It's gotten ridiculous. The drinking age here is 19. Anywhere
         | that sells alcohol is required to ID anyone that appears to be
         | 30 or under. By the time you're 30 you haven't been 19 for 11
         | years.
         | 
         | I've been refused for having expired ID, despite the picture
         | very obviously being me, and my age very obviously being well
         | over the legal age.
         | 
         | My wife's been refused because apparently her federally issued
         | citizenship card, with a photo that showed she was well over
         | age wasn't apparently good enough.
         | 
         | I actually remember one time when i was fairly young, early
         | 20's, I'd let my license expire because I wasn't driving and
         | couldn't be bothered to renew it at the time. I got refused at
         | the liquor store and there was an old guy behind me. He just
         | started ranting at the cashier about how I'm obviously legal
         | age and how you don't need a license to drink and all this
         | stuff. The cashier actually relented and sold it to me after,
         | but that old guy's rant always stuck with me since.
         | 
         | And, it's made me notice how more and more, it's not even about
         | how old you are, it doesn't seem to be about protecting minors,
         | it just seems to be a way of training people to provide ID any
         | time regardless of the reason.
        
           | whoooooo123 wrote:
           | Why on earth does it matter if your ID is expired?? Do you
           | stop being the person on the ID once the expiry date is
           | reached?
        
             | dallbee wrote:
             | This enables newer cards to have updated security features.
             | If there were no expirations, then you'd just make fake ids
             | targeting older versions.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | I've pointed out that my place and date of birth haven't
             | changed since the ID expired. The sarcasm is never
             | appreciated, but it feels good.
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | I would suggest that the problem here is corporatism rather
         | than authoritarianism. The store will always have made a
         | judgement call over whether you were responsible enough to be
         | sold certain medications. What seems to have changed is the
         | removal of that authority from the local shop workers, which
         | has been centralised into a bureaucratic process. Scenarios
         | like this are one reason why I believe we should proactively
         | bias our economy against large organisations and in favour of
         | smaller ones.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | Just in case you're unaware of the context of these rules:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoephedrine#Manufacture_of.
           | ..
           | 
           | I'd perhaps prefer a world in which many drugs were legally
           | sold, which might make this specific issue disappear but even
           | then I'm happy that cigarettes and alcohol, and some other
           | potentially dangerous items are age restricted.
        
             | isatty wrote:
             | From quickly looking at a few random Theraflu products -
             | they don't seem to contain pseudo. Though asking a random
             | store worker to know that would not be ideal, but a
             | pharmacist should have definitely sold them this medicine
             | without ID.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | They (like many other brands) phased it out to avoid this
               | situation, whether it was the case at the time of this
               | anecdote is unclear.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | I'd encountered a similar incident some years ago. I was fine
         | with _showing_ an ID, but when the clerk then tried to take it
         | from my hand, I held it firmly.
         | 
         | I left my purchase at the counter and went elsewhere to buy
         | herbal teas.
         | 
         | Subsequent research suggests that few cold remedies are
         | effective at all (though decongestants can improve breathing).
         | Teas with slippery elm and eucalyptus seem at least somewhat
         | effective, don't require IDs, and are not meth precursors.
         | 
         | On why / how older generations may be primed to object: I
         | remember reading a science fiction story in the late 1970s /
         | early 1980s, a short in a compilation (likey a Hugo or similar
         | award collection), in which a data system with universal
         | identification system, with one of the designers of the system
         | being given the opportunity to opt out.
         | 
         | He does.
         | 
         | I think of that story often.
        
         | kilroy123 wrote:
         | I couldn't agree more and I see that this is more prevalent in
         | the US than most other countries.
         | 
         | I've lived abroad for sometime now and last time I went home to
         | California to visit, I went to a restaurant to have a beer and
         | dinner with my dad.
         | 
         | I've been gone for so long, I no longer have a drivers license
         | or ID except for my passport, which I don't carry around with
         | me.
         | 
         | I tried to order a beer and they refused. I was very upset as
         | I'm 35 and obviously not a kid. I was just trying to have a
         | beer and catch up with my dad.
         | 
         | Just a huge lack of sensibility in the US these days. They
         | would never do this in 90% of the world. Unless of course
         | you're obviously young.
        
           | mellavora wrote:
           | Just to defend the waitstaff at this restaurant-- the law
           | could be that if the waiter didn't verify the ID, the waiter
           | would be personally liable, fines easily equal to 1-3 months
           | income. Also, cops do 'sting' operations where they try to
           | persuade waiters to let them buy drinks without showing ID.
           | 
           | This doesn't change your basic premise (the law is nuts),
           | rather it extends it (the law is even more nuts than you
           | expected).
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | The situation isn't common--I don't know the last time I've
             | been asked for ID to purchase alcohol as someone who is
             | very obviously not underage--but every now and then you'll
             | run across a place that IDs _everyone_. Presumably, they
             | 've been busted for selling to underage and management has
             | just taken judgement out of the hands of
             | waitstaff/bartenders.
        
         | whoooooo123 wrote:
         | > I despise the permission-seeking society we've ended up with
         | with you have to show ID in all kinds of places and beg for
         | permission to exist.
         | 
         | If you think it's bad now, wait until they roll out vaccine
         | passports.
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | I completely agree with you.
         | 
         | Some advice you never asked for: in that situation, protesting
         | often makes things worse. Learning a little bit of negotiation
         | and sales is an invaluable investment in life.
         | 
         | A simple _you seem concerned about selling this to the wrong
         | people_ / _I 'm about to make your day a little bit more
         | difficult_ / _you probably think I 'm being unreasonable_ / _is
         | it absolutely impossible for me to come home with the
         | medication my wife expects me to?_ / _I don 't want you to do
         | something you're uncomfortable with_ / _how can I explain this
         | to my wife?_ can go a long way.
        
           | andrewaylett wrote:
           | In the UK, once someone's asked you for ID for an age-
           | restricted item, they're not allowed (by law) to back down.
           | You show ID, or you leave without the item.
           | 
           | In general, I think it's unfair to ask a probably-underpaid
           | cashier to break policy in this way -- they almost certainly
           | have no control over the policy, and quite possibly face
           | severe consequences if they acquiesce.
        
             | kqr wrote:
             | I was not aware that was the law in the U.K. I would
             | probably have found out by being nice. Less likely to find
             | out by being abrasive.
             | 
             | ----
             | 
             | The probably-underpaid people who break policy make the
             | world go around. We'd get nothing real done if people just
             | followed policy all day long.
             | 
             | It might sound like I'm joking, but I don't. I have huge
             | amounts of respect for those people, and obviously if they
             | help me out I will do what I can to help them out. (Even if
             | it's just paying it forward and breaking policy when
             | necessary myself.)
             | 
             | I'm not anti-policy. I love good policy, and I rarely have
             | reason to break it. The policy that often needs breaking is
             | the bad policy.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | I don't think you are generally in a state of mind to
           | symphatize with someone that just refused to sell you a
           | perfectly legal product regardless of your age.
        
             | kqr wrote:
             | Well, then my advice would be to practise entering that
             | state of mind when a person deserves it the least (because
             | then you are likely to benefit from it the most.)
        
               | Dudeman112 wrote:
               | Nonsense, getting angry and salty is always the way to
               | go.
               | 
               | On a more serious note, I wonder just how people end up
               | with unpleasantness being the standard go-to behaviour
               | when people behind the counter aren't just giving them
               | what they want.
               | 
               |  _Surely_ at some point in their lives they must have
               | noticed that being polite and pleasant is far more likely
               | to get you what you want than acting like a dick?
               | 
               | Usually the guy behind the counter has no say on company
               | policy, and going against it is very much not in their
               | interest. They'll be even less inclined to breaking
               | policy over someone that acts like an asshole
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yeah, I won't say it's always the case but if you're
               | asking some low-paid worker to bend a rule for you the
               | way to guarantee they won't is to be rude, no matter how
               | ridiculously inflexible they seem to be being.
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | There's no world without identity, reputation, and trust. It's
         | just that they're either systematized and scalable, or
         | informal. Systematized has a lot of things going for it over
         | informal; for example, the pharmacist _isn't_ checking "do I
         | know his family and is their reputation in the community a good
         | one?" or "does he have the skin color, facial features, and
         | clothing of an upstanding citizen?" It is very specifically,
         | how much pseudoephedrine have you already purchased? I call
         | that progress.
        
         | air7 wrote:
         | The worst I've encountered of this type of head-in-the-sand
         | logic was in NZ. They have a law that if a person buys alcohol
         | with companions, the clerk will check the IDs of all of them,
         | not just the buyer's. Presumably this is to stop underage kids
         | having an older friend buy them booze. In reality obviously,
         | teens without IDs just wait outside and literally 100% of the
         | times this law is applied is when an over-age-but-without-ID is
         | accompanying someone shopping for some dinner wine. Like me and
         | my ex gf...
        
           | whoooooo123 wrote:
           | This is standard practice in the UK too - if you're buying
           | alcohol as a group, they'll ask for everyone's ID if any of
           | you look too young.
           | 
           | But this isn't specifically written into the law, i.e. the
           | law doesn't say "you must check the ID of everyone in the
           | group." Rather, it's that businesses receive ENORMOUS fines
           | if they're caught selling alcohol to underage people - so
           | most of them have very strict internal policies to minimise
           | the chances of a false negative.
        
           | geoduck14 wrote:
           | I had something similar at a liquor store in Utah.
           | 
           | My mom (well over 21) tried to buy liquor, but was refused
           | because a lack of ID. She sent me (also well over 21) to buy
           | instead. At the register, I made a passive aggressive comment
           | about how my mom was refused 30 mins ago. So they refused ME
           | because they wanted to "ID all people at my party" - or
           | something like that.
        
           | dmd wrote:
           | Does that mean you can't bring your kid on a trip to the
           | supermarket?
        
             | m-p-3 wrote:
             | At the liquor store where I live you can't bring your kids
             | inside with you to buy alcohol.
        
             | geoduck14 wrote:
             | >Does that mean you can't bring your kid on a trip to the
             | supermarket?
             | 
             | I would support a law that prohibits kids in a grocery
             | store
        
               | internet_hugs wrote:
               | You clearly have never cared for a child.
        
         | koolba wrote:
         | If it was the "real" Theraflu, which contains pseudoephedrine,
         | then it happened because _all_ sales of products that contain
         | pseudoephedrine are tracked. It's to prevent it from being used
         | in bulk as a raw material to make meth.
         | 
         | Most stores sell non-pseudoephedrine versions of the same
         | medications that usually have phenylephrine which does not
         | require showing and tracking your ID. But anyone whose taken it
         | know that phenylephrine is a poor substitute and barely acts as
         | a decongestant.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Phenylephrine is highly effective at raising blood pressure,
           | though!
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | This is a classic example of punishing ordinary people for
           | the actions of a few. The alternative decongestants are a
           | placebo at best, they do absolutely sod all for me.
        
           | smogcutter wrote:
           | This is 1000% what was going on if they asked for ID for
           | theraflu.
           | 
           | Sounds like they could've done a better job explaining what
           | was going on. But I imagine that as a pharmacist, "guy who's
           | mad he can't buy pseudo anonymously" isn't someone you have a
           | lot of patience with.
        
             | Aachen wrote:
             | Which is honestly sad. Would we ideally not show equal
             | respect for those who don't care to have their ID
             | registered for every little thing? Isn't that a reasonable
             | thing to want anymore?
             | 
             | If they're loud, obnoxious or stubborn about it (if they
             | don't accept a reasonable explanation), that's obviously
             | something else. I'm not talking about people being a dick.
             | Just the general principle of taking that moment to explain
             | the why rather than assuming anyone who doesn't immediately
             | comply with a "hand over your ID for registration" order
             | must have security called upon them as in the example
             | above.
             | 
             | Full disclosure: I'm also this kind of person. Needed to
             | authenticate myself to get a phone number (a regular phone
             | number, both pre and post paid at different times so that's
             | not the difference) at a local office. The person behind
             | the register takes my ID, I figured she'd check and we'd be
             | good, but then she puts both sides under some reader. I
             | happen to know it's illegal to copy the national identifier
             | code (BSN in Dutch) but I don't want to be obnoxious right?
             | Not as if she's a lawyer, she's just doing what she's told
             | to. So I just ask (politely, I thought, not stopping her or
             | anything) which field(s) the machine copies. Well now did I
             | want to let her do her job or should I find myself another
             | carrier maybe? was the retort.
             | 
             | Hotels, similar thing. Photocopying an ID in that situation
             | is illegal for the same reason. Employees get hostile
             | faster than a tesla gets to 60, and I'm left feeling of a
             | different generation before I'm even 30 years old.
             | Anonymity is not an option, heck even complying with GDPR
             | is not something one can expect, but refusing to even
             | inform me what they're doing? That's off limits now?
        
           | cainxinth wrote:
           | I know people that leave the house without their phone and ID
           | on them, but I'm not one of them. Also, the annoyance of
           | having to produce my ID is so trivial in comparison to the
           | meth crisis. If this helps, I'm ok with it.
        
             | stjohnswarts wrote:
             | But it doesn't help, it's just security theater like the
             | TSA. Meth makers are still making plenty of meth. It's like
             | the war on drugs, a complete failure. It's just an
             | inconvenience for legit people using theraflu/sudafed and
             | in no way slows down meth production in any meaningful way.
        
         | no_time wrote:
         | I don't consider myself a conspiracy theory type of guy but I
         | can see why people are quoting Revelation 13:16 more and more
         | as e-payments and e-id becomes harder to avoid.
        
           | cognaitiv wrote:
           | That seems difficult to test. For convenience here is the
           | text:
           | 
           | Revelation 13:16-18 New International Version
           | 
           | 16 It also forced all people, great and small, rich and poor,
           | free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hands or on
           | their foreheads, 17 so that they could not buy or sell unless
           | they had the mark, which is the name of the beast or the
           | number of its name.
           | 
           | 18 This calls for wisdom. Let the person who has insight
           | calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a
           | man. That number is 666.
        
             | darepublic wrote:
             | The algorithm of the beast is Sha 256
        
               | mrslave wrote:
               | The chmod of the beast is 666. Also daemons are
               | everywhere.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | neither_color wrote:
             | I'm not religious but I think this is brilliant. Some 2000
             | years ago they'd already realized how dangerous it is if a
             | tyrannical government has a way of IDing everyone and using
             | that ID to arbitrarily grant or deny people rights and
             | services on a whim. It's like anti-totalitarianism built
             | right into the religion.
        
               | joshstrange wrote:
               | I don't think it was an "if", there is speculation that
               | the mark is reference to Nero [0]. If true this means it
               | wasn't a guess about the future but a commentary on
               | current day events.
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_of_the_beast#Nero
        
           | megablast wrote:
           | You might not. Other people do.
        
             | no_time wrote:
             | sympathizing with someone's point of view != agreeing
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | A store, at least a sane one, would never refuse from making a
         | sale and wouldn't make it hard to make such a sale.
         | 
         | What the store is doing is not preventing teens from buying
         | Alcohol or Tobacco, it's simply covering its ass. There is a
         | certain liability with certain transactions. In that case, the
         | store covers. If it can't cover, it doesn't make the
         | transaction as the liability is too high for whatever profit
         | there is.
        
         | MatthewWilkes wrote:
         | I do find it funny that many US-Americans online joke about the
         | UK having TV licence by asking if we "have a loicence" for
         | various unrelated things, while the US seems obsessed with
         | providing driving licences for all sorts of every-day
         | activities.
        
           | teddyh wrote:
           | Not only US-Americans joke about that.
           | 
           | " _I need a license for my pet fish, Eric._ "
        
           | MathCodeLove wrote:
           | Having lived in the US and the UK (as well as several other
           | countries within Europe) for several years, I can say that in
           | my experience the "license/permission to do X" is generally
           | far more prominent in the UK/most European countries than it
           | is in the US.
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | I was in a hotel today, where I was staying with my family, in
         | a small 20sqm room.
         | 
         | When we went to the restaurant to have breakfast, they
         | adamantly refused to remove the clear plastic partition
         | dividing the table in two.
         | 
         | We couldn't move it to the side, we couldn't move it anywhere
         | else. It had to physically separate my wife and I. To what
         | purpose, I have no clue.
         | 
         | Oh, we're both vaccinated. But it is corporate policy, so
         | nothing we (or the staff) can do, even though anyone with a
         | brain could see that it was pointless.
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | At this point you should have just sat on the same side of
           | the table as your wife and left the other side empty.
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | I really do hate those Perspex dividers, they're the epitome
           | of corporate "we have to look like we're doing something even
           | if it's about as useful as a water pistol against a
           | battleship".
        
             | Nemi wrote:
             | I call this "Pandemic theater"
        
         | throwdc2021 wrote:
         | Was told that I was required to show government issued ID to
         | buy a iPhone at Target. With cash! Insanity.
        
           | cududa wrote:
           | When you buy any phone with cash it's a legal requirement
        
         | deviledeggs wrote:
         | It's because it contains a chemical used to make meth. It has
         | nothing to do with corporate, it's federal law. Sales are
         | tracked nationwide because gangs were bussing groups of people
         | to different stores when they couldn't buy large quantities
         | anymore.
         | 
         | Hardly "petty authoritarians". I worked at the drugstore
         | counter for years and people entitled enough to make a scene
         | because they needed ID to buy a drug precursor were one of the
         | worst parts of the job.
         | 
         | There's a certain portion of US population that thinks it's
         | trendy to protest anything they don't understand. Which is why
         | people are getting kicked off planes and out of restaurants at
         | record highs. We had a certain leader that normalized bad
         | behavior and it doesn't seem to be going away any time soon.
        
         | JackFr wrote:
         | Legal requirement of the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of
         | 2005.
         | 
         | https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/meth/#sales
        
       | antihero wrote:
       | I'm in the UK and it always perplexed me why the USA drinking ID
       | laws are quite so strict. Surely people are going to get booze
       | one way or another, and the idea is that by having some level of
       | ID you're stopping _most_ people from drinking underage in a bar?
       | Most people over here start drinking in parks with mates around
       | 13-16 and it 's not big deal, if anything in my opinion it's
       | safer they drink in pubs and bars where people can keep an eye on
       | them.
        
         | dannyw wrote:
         | also, 21 is crazy. making it it so that 18-21 year olds have to
         | illegally buy booze is just a net negative.
        
         | Cederfjard wrote:
         | On the other hand, the UK nightclubs (specifically) I've been
         | to seem to usually require and scan everyone single person's
         | ID, no exceptions.
        
         | user5994461 wrote:
         | The UK is the worst. Grocery shops have adopted an "under 25"
         | policy.
         | 
         | You only need to be 18 to buy alcohol but staff will
         | systematically ask for ID if you look anywhere near 25.
         | 
         | This causes folks in their 30s (close enough to not be sure) to
         | systematically be asked for ID. It's super annoying to be
         | treated like a teenager. :(
        
           | alibarber wrote:
           | If that's how you're defining 'worst', I'd suggest a trip to
           | the Nordics to make you re-asses.
        
           | LouisSayers wrote:
           | Not as bad as NZ. NZ only serves beer and wine in the
           | supermarket for starters. They have the same under 25 policy.
           | They also have policies where if they smell alcohol on you
           | they won't allow a sale. Not only that but if they smell
           | alcohol on someone next to you, they won't allow the sale.
           | Not only that but if the person next to you looks like they
           | could be under-age and don't have ID on them then they will
           | stop a sale. Is truly ridiculous. Once I bought some alcohol
           | and they asked my mum for ID. My mum had me when she was 25.
        
           | whoooooo123 wrote:
           | They do this because the risk is very assymetrical. If
           | someone is >18 and they ask for ID, no big deal. If someone
           | is too young and they don't ask for ID, they risk a huge
           | fine, criminal prosecution and possible loss of their
           | license. So they instruct their staff to "think 25" to
           | minimise the possibility of the latter. It's understandable.
           | 
           | I'm 30 and I still get asked for ID occasionally, and you
           | know what? I don't care - because I've been on the other
           | side. I've worked in those shitty low-paying jobs where you
           | often have to ask people for ID and I've seen how rude, pissy
           | and entitled people can be when you make them suffer the
           | enormous inconvenience of flashing their ID so I can avoid
           | the risk of getting fined thousands of pounds and fired. If
           | you think it's such an indignity to be asked to prove you're
           | above 18 then I suggest you spend more time working in
           | service jobs.
        
         | ilaksh wrote:
         | I think part of it is the level of car use. Most places in the
         | US, everything is quite far apart, and everyone has a car. The
         | main way that people get home after drinking is driving.
         | Hopefully they take an Uber or have someone else to drive them,
         | but many times that is not the case unfortunately. So there are
         | a lot of young people on the road or freeway on the weekends
         | who have been drinking. And it is a fairly common cause of
         | young people or the ones they crash into dying.
        
         | Zak wrote:
         | Your country created puritanism, which it exported to the US
         | where it continues to influence policy. The US once outright
         | banned alcohol.
         | 
         | Prohibition tends not to be effective when there's broad demand
         | for the prohibited item, especially when applied only to a
         | small segment of society. In many places, it's customary to
         | introduce teens to alcohol under parental supervision, which I
         | suspect reduces later high-risk behavior.
        
       | omgwtf1000 wrote:
       | FYI in Texas it's a driver license, not driver's license.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | And everywhere it's daylight saving time. Doesn't stop people
         | from saying daylight savings time.
        
           | omgwtf1000 wrote:
           | Sorry, wasn't trying to be pedantic... just thought it was an
           | interesting point of trivia.
        
       | cm2187 wrote:
       | Not that I am a fan of gvt control, but why don't modern IDs have
       | a QR code containing the key attributes signed using PKI, and
       | perhaps a link to a photo from a gvt website? That would make it
       | unfalsifiable, without the person checking the ID needing to be
       | an expert, they could just use a gvt issued app.
        
         | w3ll_w3ll_w3ll wrote:
         | In Italy the new ID card (issued from 2015 onwards) has NFC
         | capabilities. It contains key attributes (including the
         | picture) that can be read via NFC signed from governament PKI.
         | Some information can be unlocked using a code printed on it,
         | some using the private PIN given to the citizien, and some
         | other only from police/governament.
         | 
         | Some innovative use cases could be using the ID also as a gym
         | card or as transportation card.
        
         | zinekeller wrote:
         | In some more advanced countries, they do this exact thing (or
         | in other cases, a barcode with a serial number that is used to
         | double-check to a government-controlled database). Does not
         | stop bribing government officials to make a genuine fake ID of
         | course, but it significantly raises the bar of faking it.
        
         | bbarnett wrote:
         | The very last thing we need, is any form of computer involved
         | in spot id checks.
        
       | internet2000 wrote:
       | Just let the teens drink.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | Here in the US you need to be 17 to enlist in the armed forces.
         | If a 17 year-old is mature enough to go to war, to potentially
         | kill and be killed, then they're old enough to drink.
        
           | Igelau wrote:
           | Old enough to be drafted isn't old enough to drink. If that's
           | not completely fucked, I don't know what is.
        
             | evgen wrote:
             | The last time anyone was drafted in the US the drinking
             | laws in most states allowed 18 year olds to drink. So what
             | is your point? I guess the government agrees with you: no
             | one under 21 is allowed to drink and no one under 21 is
             | being drafted.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | Old enough for the draft, old enough for a draught!
        
           | mjthompson wrote:
           | The counterargument to this is that there is evidence young
           | people are neurologically not full adults at 18 years of age,
           | and alcohol impedes neurological development.
           | 
           | I have no doubt war also has neurological effects, but they
           | don't seem to be age specific.
           | 
           | It is challenging, if not impossible, to otherwise defend it.
           | If someone has the possibility to choose (or be forced) to
           | harm themselves and shorten their life in war, then why
           | shouldn't a choice apply to alcohol?
        
             | dndndjdjfndbr wrote:
             | But the prohibition doesn't stop teens from drinking, just
             | makes it a crime.
        
               | mjthompson wrote:
               | The argument in response is that it is legitimate for the
               | government to legislate to promote the health of its
               | citizens, as we are seeing with lockdown laws in
               | COVID-19. That people break lockdown laws is not a reason
               | not to have lockdown laws. So the argument involves a bit
               | more analysis than simply accepting that 'prohibition
               | doesn't stop teens from drinking'.
               | 
               | So, this just invites the same perennial arguments
               | frequently made in relation to drug decriminilisation.
               | 
               | On my part, had the drinking age been 21 where I live, I
               | wouldn't have started drinking until I was 21.
        
               | ixacto wrote:
               | Tell that to the 73.6%[0] of Americans who are overweight
               | or obese, but that the government doesn't care too much
               | about it, in fact they subsidize it[1] via the farm bill
               | & friends. Being overweight or obese will shorten your
               | life [2]. Also the US gov doesn't care, as it's own
               | dietary reccomendations differ from accepted nutritional
               | guidelines e.g. Harvard nutrition plate[3].
               | 
               | IMO the government should not be in the business of
               | policing one's health, or advocating for the people's
               | health, as the USDA and associated agencies are
               | demonstrably corrupted.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/obesity-
               | overweight.htm [1] https://www.usda.gov/farmbill [2] http
               | s://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12513041/#:~:text=Conclusion.
               | ... [3]
               | https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-
               | eating-...
        
               | _Nat_ wrote:
               | Most of this isn't accurate despite the links, which is
               | kinda odd to see. To tick off some stuff:
               | 
               | 1. The government _does_ care about overweight /obesity;
               | it comes up a lot in discussing issues with the
               | healthcare system
               | (https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html). A lack of
               | regulation isn't the same thing as not caring -- for
               | example, there's no regulation requiring Americans to get
               | vaccinated, either.
               | 
               | 2. Farm subsidies seem unlikely to be a problem.. it's
               | not like access to food makes people obese -- in fact,
               | the opposite seems to be true
               | (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5781054/).
               | Usually affordable-food helps folks eat better rather
               | than more.
               | 
               | 3. The US government's dietary recommendations not being
               | a copy/paste of another set of recommendations isn't a
               | meaningful observation... why would you think otherwise?
               | For example, are you under the impression that someone
               | following the US's nutritional guidelines would be worse
               | off for it? (In case you're not American: the problem
               | isn't the guidelines, but rather that most Americans
               | don't follow them.)
               | 
               | 4. The US government's call to regulate teen-drinking was
               | based on a historical uptick in drunk-driving accidents
               | when the drinking-ages were relaxed (https://en.wikipedia
               | .org/wiki/U.S._history_of_alcohol_minimu...). This is,
               | the argument wasn't based on a teen's personal health but
               | rather people were crashing cars on public roads, which
               | is definitely a reasonable concern for a government to
               | have.
        
               | Igelau wrote:
               | > had the drinking age been 21 where I live, I wouldn't
               | have started drinking until I was 21.
               | 
               | You really don't know then. As someone who lives where it
               | is 21, I'm qualified to tell you that you're very likely
               | wrong.
               | 
               | Before the "Source? Study?" parrots show up, you're darn
               | right this is anecdotal. The "real data" is going to be
               | from kids who aren't telling the truth.
        
           | coolspot wrote:
           | 17 yo can't be deployed to a warzone:
           | 
           | > The US has signed an international agreement barring child
           | soldiers. What that means in practicality is only that you
           | are non-deployable until you turn 18. (you must be 18 to
           | actually fight).
           | 
           | > If you graduate High school early yes, you can join at 17
           | with parental consent, you can ship, train, you can join a
           | unit and be active duty, you are just FLAGGED as non-
           | deployable until your 18th birthday, when the flag is lifted.
           | 
           | https://www.quora.com/What-happens-when-you-join-the-US-
           | mili...
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | Good catch. The point still stands, sadly.
        
               | RandallBrown wrote:
               | I believe 18 year olds are allowed to drink on Army
               | bases.
        
               | Igelau wrote:
               | Only as long as said base isn't in the US.
        
               | ZanyProgrammer wrote:
               | And the installation commander can keep it at 21. It's
               | not an inalienable right of younger than 21 service
               | members.
        
           | microtherion wrote:
           | And in the US, 14 year-olds can be tried as adults. I wonder
           | whether that is ever applied to charges of underage drinking?
        
         | _Nat_ wrote:
         | Most folks don't want to share the roads with drunken teenage
         | drivers.
         | 
         | Don't get me wrong -- some teens are probably more than
         | responsible enough to be trusted with controlling their own
         | drinking. However, it's those that aren't that're the concern.
         | 
         | Parents generally don't want to have to worry about bars being
         | allowed to serve their kids, either. Maybe not all parents feel
         | that way, though I'd guess that those who'd be against their
         | kids drinking would tend to have stronger feelings on the topic
         | than those who'd be okay with it.
         | 
         | Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/minimum-
         | legal-drinki...
        
           | dkersten wrote:
           | Doesn't seem to be a major problem in europe, where many
           | countries have a legal drinking age of 18 or even 16 for
           | beer. Besides, the law doesn't stop teens who want to drink
           | from drinking, only from going to bars and makes them jump
           | through more hoops to get their alcohol.
        
             | kuschku wrote:
             | The difference is that the US has basically no public
             | transport and the suburbs are designed so you're forced to
             | drive.
             | 
             | Drunk driving is a lot easier to avoid if you can get
             | anywhere easily without driving at all.
        
             | withinboredom wrote:
             | Here in the NL, it costs multiple thousands of EUR to get a
             | drivers license. My friends won't get behind the wheel
             | after even one drink, just because it's so clear how much
             | driving is a privilege. In the states, it cost me less than
             | $30. I knew people in the states who got a DUI, and their
             | license (restricted) back after just a couple of weeks.
        
             | _Nat_ wrote:
             | It's a problem in the US even with laws making it difficult
             | for teens to get alcohol.
             | 
             | https://www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/drunk-driving#age-5056
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | >NHTSA estimates that minimum-drinking-age laws have
               | saved 31,959 lives from 1975 to 2017.
               | 
               | I wonder how many assaults and deaths have happened due
               | to underage drinkers being too worried about going to the
               | police or hospital due to their illegal consumption.
        
               | _Nat_ wrote:
               | And how many didn't need police-assistance or
               | hospitalization because they were sober?
               | 
               | If there's a perfect solution to ensuring that teens
               | suffer no harm from alcohol, that'd be a neat thing!
               | However broadly repealing prohibitions against teen-
               | drinking wouldn't seem to be such a solution.
        
               | sebmellen wrote:
               | And yet, for all intents and purposes, it works fine in
               | Europe to have the drinking age at 16/18. Perhaps even
               | better than in the US! And with fewer drunk driving
               | deaths as a percentage of fatal crashes [0].
               | 
               | Maybe because the driving age is slightly higher,
               | training to become a driver is usually more rigorous, and
               | max BAC levels are around 0.05%.
               | 
               | Another aspect might be cultural -- in my experience
               | alcohol is much more taboo and _simultaneously_ more
               | likely to be abused by youth in the US than in Europe.
               | This is probably because many grandmothers will give
               | their grandkids a small glass of wine with dinner or a
               | schnapps for New Years or other stuff like that. This de-
               | stigmatizes the drug, thereby making it less edgy and
               | cool to drink.
               | 
               | I remember being 14 at a wedding in Germany and everyone
               | very jovially encouraging me to have a small schnapps
               | shot, and getting very drunk on absinthe at maybe 16/17
               | in France. No one really cared, and the lesson of the
               | hangover was plenty to whip me into shape.
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.statista.com/chart/5504/the-worst-
               | countries-in-t...
        
               | Archelaos wrote:
               | I can endorse what you have written about Germany. I
               | think that the vast majority of people in my country
               | consider it a good strategy for preventing alcohol abuse
               | by their children in teaching them to handle it in a
               | cultivated manner themselves. Not in theory, but in
               | practice. And this needs to be done before they start to
               | drink in secret with their friends.
        
               | _Nat_ wrote:
               | Might require some investigation and modeling to figure
               | out a good cause. For example, the stats based on drunk-
               | driving incidents compared to total might be misleading
               | as the totals might vary significantly.. we'd probably
               | want something more like [drunk-driving-
               | incidents]-per-[driving-hour] for a starting point. Then
               | probably explore stuff how frequently police catch people
               | and typical consequences, how much folks in an area
               | drink, how people drink (late nights at bars, or earlier
               | at dinner?), if people in an area tend to car-pool, how
               | the roadways might play in (safety features and well
               | lit?; twisty backroads?), etc..
               | 
               | Really seems like there should be research on this sorta
               | thing already, but not immediately seeing one on Google,
               | which is odd..
               | 
               | But, yeah, dunno why folks'd do it in the first place.
               | Seems like simple self-destructive behavior.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | [This study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM
               | C3823314/) seems to use a multi-linear-regression (rather
               | than a causative model), but still looks neat.
               | 
               | Overall, looks like they found that stricter regulations
               | and beer-taxes significantly reduced drunk-driving
               | incidents, while drivers-under-24, higher speed-limits,
               | and unemployment had the opposite effect.
        
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