[HN Gopher] A Contamination Theory of the Obesity Epidemic
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       A Contamination Theory of the Obesity Epidemic
        
       Author : jasonhansel
       Score  : 17 points
       Date   : 2021-07-23 21:49 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (osf.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (osf.io)
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | >So what changed in 1980?
       | 
       | Effects of the agriculture policies starting 1973 which resulted
       | in HFCS everywhere?
       | 
       | Including sugar replacement with HFCS due to tariffs
       | https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/25...
       | 
       | "On the demand side, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) was
       | beginning to make inroads as food and beverage manufacturers
       | sought to replace sugar with a less expensive input. As prices
       | dropped, the International Trade Commission opened hearings to
       | determine whether or not imports were the source of "serious
       | injury or threat thereof" (USDA, December 1976, 15) to the
       | domestic industry and, in March 1977, recommended that imports be
       | restricted. President Ford, anticipating this recommendation,
       | increased the tariff on raw sugar from 0.625 cents to 1.875 cents
       | per pound in September 1976.
       | 
       | When the 1977 Food and Agriculture Act took effect on November 8,
       | 1977, a price support/ loan rate program was established (see
       | "Price Support Loan" section). To reduce government expenditures
       | on this new program, President Carter raised import fees to 2.7
       | cents per pound for raw sugar and 3.22 cents for refined sugar.
       | The import fee, coupled with the import duty, served to control
       | imports in the late 1970s. Both the fee and duty reached their
       | peaks in early 1979, when the fee for raw sugar was 3.22 cents
       | and the import duty was 2.8125 cents per pound. "
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | Or glyphosate and/or neonicotinoids.
        
         | smegcicle wrote:
         | preservatives prevent the natural breakdown of food, so it
         | doesn't seem surprising that they could have a negative effect
         | on digestion
        
       | getpost wrote:
       | My money (and my dietary choices) are on excess PUFA as a key
       | contributor to obesity.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHnPinYI2Yc
       | 
       | https://fireinabottle.net/torpor-sloth-and-gluttony-scd1-cau...
        
         | alejohausner wrote:
         | Polyunsaturated fats are known to suppress thyroid function,
         | this leading to lowered metabolism and weight gain. A quick
         | search brought up this:
         | 
         | ANTI-THROID EFFECTS OF PUFAS (POLYUNSATURATED FATS) AND HERBS
         | January 2012 Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences
         | 13(2)
         | 
         | Authors: Basar Altinterim Malatya Turgut Ozal University
        
       | DiabloD3 wrote:
       | I prefer the other theory I've heard: the body's gauge on
       | starvation is not based on caloric intake, but based on
       | nutritional intake; ergo, low nutrition diets that have
       | sufficient calories (such as the Standard American Diet) make the
       | body think winter is coming soon, and time to get extra plump.
       | 
       | This is mainly the basis of my dieting. I reached a peak of 340,
       | and in exactly a year, while maintaining the same CICO, but
       | changing from the SAD to strict non-Keto Paleo, became 214, and
       | then eventually slimmed down to the 175-185 range.
       | 
       | I now eat mainly focused on nutritional density, and keeping the
       | weight off is easy.
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | CICO meaning calories-in-calories-out? Please avoid undefined
         | and uncommon acronyms.
         | 
         | Did you do food diaries/journals as you increased weight, and
         | as you lost weight? I have lost significant amounts of weight
         | by reducing caloric intake, and noticed that my records on the
         | way up and down were very different.
        
           | thefourthchime wrote:
           | I believe so. It sounds like he doing paleo without keto. I
           | may be wrong, but basically just eat food on the perimeter of
           | the super market. Veggies, meat, dairy. Nothing processed.
        
       | alejohausner wrote:
       | I was looking forward to this. It's the conclusion to a
       | discussion posted here earlier [1].
       | 
       | 1. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27796557
        
       | retrac wrote:
       | Edit: The following is mostly a non sequitur. My response was
       | based in part on a misreading of the article's arguments. They're
       | concerned primarily with the "consolidation" of obesity since
       | about 1980 without any obvious changes for why. The changes for
       | why were in the previous decades and the chickens should have
       | come home to roost by 1980. Yet we are indeed much more obese
       | than in 1980 but not more sedentary. So... why? This I have to
       | say, is in fact somewhat mysterious.
       | 
       | I have a contention with the "obesity hasn't been reversed in any
       | population" claim. Here in Canada, child obesity has in fact
       | decreased in recent years, after several decades of continual
       | increases. Given that childhood obesity, and obesity in general,
       | has been a major social issue everyone is aware of and has been
       | working hard on (I assume), the small decrease in proportion to
       | the amount of energy invested, is rather depressing. Still, maybe
       | cause for some hope.
       | 
       | > Something seems to have changed. But surprisingly, we don't
       | seem to have any idea what that thing was.
       | 
       | We don't? While exactly how much this is a factor is contended, I
       | thought it was near-consensus at this point that it's because we
       | are less physically active. The timeline certainly fits -
       | beginning about 1890 and ending about 1975 -- that is the period
       | from the beginning to universal adoption of the car.
       | 
       | Between home appliances, powered vehicles and industrial
       | automation, many modern people don't actually have to _do_
       | anything physical. Hauling their corporeal form between various
       | chairs is literally all the exercise many people get.
       | 
       | This would be unfathomable to my great-grandparents. They walked
       | to the store then hauled the groceries home. They walked a few
       | miles every Sunday to go to church. They walked to work. They
       | tended the fields largely with manual labour and a horse. They
       | mowed the garden and yard, by hand. Every nail in the home,
       | driven by hand. Ground meat for dinner? Minced by hand. And by
       | then, industrialization had already completely changed things for
       | them, to their own grandparents, giving them what they must have
       | thought an amazing amount of free time and leisure. (My great-
       | grandparents clothes were almost certainly machine-woven, for
       | example.)
       | 
       | If we're eating as many calories, or slightly more, as our
       | grandparents did, while barely moving in comparison to them, is
       | it any surprise we all got really fat? In fairness to the paper,
       | I suppose one could view this social change as a mimetic
       | contagion of a sort.
        
         | i_am_proteus wrote:
         | The industrial revolution and its consequences have been a
         | disaster for the human waistline.
        
         | chillpenguin wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure we are eating more calories than our
         | grandparents did, too. Portion sizes for common things are much
         | larger now. You can look at muffin sizes for example and how
         | the average muffin is physically larger today. Same with
         | burgers, soft-drink cup sizes, etc.
         | 
         | But yeah I agree with everything you said as well regarding
         | lack of physical exercise.
        
         | yeuxardents wrote:
         | Certainly the addition of ubiquitous sugary snacks and drinks
         | everywhere as well contributes, how is that discounted so
         | easily. So much processed food within a 2 minute car rides
         | reach, and it only require 30 paces into and out of the store
         | for 2000kcals in treats!
        
         | nickthemagicman wrote:
         | This is certainly true from an personal anecdotal perspective.
         | 
         | The minute I went from college where I was very active to an
         | office job the pounds piled on.
         | 
         | What's interesting is that if you're poor modern Capitalism
         | doesn't allow much free time to exercise, which might explain
         | why the obesity epidemic effects the poor more.
        
         | zosima wrote:
         | The mystery is not the modest increase of obesity from 1890 to
         | 1975. This increase is very likely caused by reduced activity
         | and increased caloric consumption. It is the dramatic increase
         | in obesity from around 1980 and onward that is a mystery. And
         | part of the mystery is that animals living around humans, in
         | the wild or in the lab, seems to have gone through a similar
         | increase in body weight.
         | 
         | The article goes through why this dramatic increase can not
         | just be due to reduced exercise or increased caloric
         | consumption, but must have some other, unknown factors, to
         | explain it.
        
           | human wrote:
           | Increased gravity?
        
         | sedatk wrote:
         | "We're less active" probably isn't the right answer. Members of
         | African hunter-gatherer tribes spend the same amount of
         | calories as an average American[1]. I think the real answer is
         | more about dietary changes rather than lifestyle.
         | 
         | https://news.yale.edu/2012/08/02/hunter-gatherers-expend-sam...
        
           | flavius29663 wrote:
           | this is fascinating, I couldn't have guessed this.
           | 
           | This is in the same category as: sit on the couch watching TV
           | and you're spending almost the same amount of calories as a
           | walking person.
           | 
           | Maybe it also matters _how_ you spend those calories. Fasting
           | helps a lot, westerners don 't fast. I assume hunter tribes
           | fast more and also have lots of short bursts of energy.
        
         | saurik wrote:
         | > If we're eating as many calories, or slightly more, as our
         | grandparents did, while barely moving in comparison to them...
         | 
         | So you don't think that people who do more work are "supposed
         | to be" more hungry and thereby eat more food? The people I know
         | who are leaner seem to just not get hungry as often--or as much
         | --as I seem to get... and hell: I've gone through periods where
         | I'm gaining weight and periods where I'm losing weight, and
         | when I'm gaining weight I feel like I'm hungry constantly and
         | when I'm losing weight I find eating a bit tedious.
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | > I thought it was near-consensus at this point that it's
         | because we are less physically active.
         | 
         | Except wild animals are also getting obese. I doubt they are
         | becoming less physically active.
        
         | [deleted]
        
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