[HN Gopher] Schizophrenia linked to marijuana use disorder is on...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Schizophrenia linked to marijuana use disorder is on the rise,
       study finds
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 257 points
       Date   : 2021-07-22 14:56 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnn.com)
        
       | theshadowknows wrote:
       | I smoked weed the first time when I was 15 or so. A buddy of mine
       | bought some from a friend of a friend. And we continued to smoke
       | mostly on weekends for years. I stopped right around college in
       | 2007 or so.
       | 
       | Then a year or so ago I smoked some legal weed from a dispensary.
       | And that shit almost killed me.
       | 
       | I was nauseated and sweating and I vomited repeatedly for like
       | two hours. And I couldn't control my thoughts. They got dark very
       | quickly. Like voices in my head telling me to kill myself...it
       | was fucking insane...
       | 
       | So naturally a few months later I tried it again, assuming it was
       | just something with that strain or whatever. And it happened
       | again. And I'm not even talking like I smoked a whole joint. I
       | smoked maybe four puffs from a bong.
       | 
       | I know that's not evidence of any kind. It's just my reaction.
       | And my wife smokes daily to help with the symptoms of medication
       | she takes. She smokes fairly heavily and the worst thing that
       | happens to her is she gets hungry.
       | 
       | I don't know what the difference is between "modern" weed and the
       | grown-in-the-ditch North Carolina weed I smoked in my youth. But
       | it is not the same thing.
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | Tolerance makes a big difference. If you haven't smoked in a
         | long time, you'll be sensitive to even small amounts of
         | marijuana and it doesn't take much to be too much.
         | 
         | I suspect that cannabinoids and the cannabinoid system act
         | somewhat like the opioid system, where the brain will react
         | differently to the substances depending on tolerance. In the
         | latter system, chronic opioid usage changes the sedative
         | effects associated with that class of drugs to stimulant-like
         | effects.
         | 
         | Similarly, people with no THC tolerance who consume it get
         | anxiety as a side effect, but for chronic users, they get
         | anxiolytic responses from it.
        
         | techrat wrote:
         | >I don't know what the difference is between "modern" weed and
         | the grown-in-the-ditch North Carolina weed I smoked in my
         | youth.
         | 
         | Several differences.
         | 
         | You know if the street stuff was an indica, sativa or hybrid?
         | Some people react much, much worse to specific strain types
         | than others. I'm one of those. I can't smoke strong indicas or
         | I basically have panic attacks.
         | 
         | Modern strains can have upwards of FOUR+ TIMES the thc
         | content... I've seen cheap strains in dispensaries that were
         | above 30%. Old cheap street skunk was maybe 6 to 8% if you were
         | lucky.
         | 
         | You smoked like you smoked before, ignoring the differences in
         | potency, so you gave yourself a much higher dose right off the
         | bat... with no tolerance from being a regular smoker.
         | 
         | Someone who isn't an alcoholic isn't going to be able to drink
         | a bottle of Jack like a habitual drinker is.
        
         | clint wrote:
         | You smoked "4 puffs from a bong" which is a _lot_ of weed for
         | someone who is essentially cold turkey.
         | 
         | The whole anecdote that weed is _exceptionally_ stronger than
         | it used to be in the past is not well proven. In the 70's
         | people were alleging weed is 20x stronger than in the 60s, in
         | the 80s alleging it was 7x stronger than in the 70s. In the
         | 90's alleging it was _40x_ stronger than the 80s. And so on.
         | People repeat it because someone goes from cold turkey to
         | sucking down a huge toke from a vape pen in 2021 and get high
         | as balls, not taking into account they probably vaped the
         | equivalent of a whole joint in one action.
         | 
         | Its a trope that's never been born out by any real data.
        
         | trutannus wrote:
         | > I don't know what the difference is between "modern" weed and
         | the grown-in-the-ditch North Carolina weed I smoked in my
         | youth. But it is not the same thing.
         | 
         | Doctors in Canada are well versed in this actually. The
         | standing advice I have gotten from every doctor I've seen is to
         | ensure some CBD content in the cannabis at all times to reduce
         | the impact of the substance. That said, there's a push to have
         | higher and higher concentrations of THC as a cost-saving
         | measure, which is not generally considered a good thing.
        
       | tomrod wrote:
       | From my personal observation of loved ones, schizophrenics self-
       | medicate, often with what is available.
       | 
       | I plan to read this article to understand if they are just seeing
       | selection bias.
        
       | hereforphone wrote:
       | I can only speak from personal experience, which is of course
       | limited. I smoked occasionally in my 20s, but not since (I'm
       | middle-aged now). I've been friends and acquaintances with many
       | people that smoke a lot. I see a trend among these people - not
       | necessarily schizophrenia (I'm not a psychologist and probably
       | wouldn't even notice a mild case) - but instead a consistent
       | arrogance and self-importance. It's peculiar - they may be
       | contributing very little to society (or maybe a lot), but
       | regardless there's a sense of superiority that seems to crop up
       | among them all. Maybe even narcissism?
       | 
       | I could be completely wrong. I don't express this to assert it,
       | but rather to ask if anyone else has noticed anything similar.
        
         | stevev wrote:
         | My experience with the substance is similar to yours. I've
         | started again occasionally and see that the experience differs
         | depending on the strain. I do get paranoia that wears off;
         | there were times where I've experience schizophrenia like
         | symptoms; where reality seems off or my perception of it
         | changes temporarily until it wears off. Hopefully I don't have
         | early onset of the disorder.
         | 
         | Regarding your friends, is it possible that the behavior you
         | are seeing is when they are under the influence and not during
         | sober?
        
         | Ccecil wrote:
         | It is entirely possible that this is a misunderstanding of
         | their true feelings or intents. To quote Kat Williams "Weed has
         | a chemical in it called F*k it..."
         | 
         | Maybe when they use they are not having the same anxious
         | feeling that the general public feels and they do not react to
         | others who otherwise might be perceived as "more important"
         | than them. This would appear to the person who typically views
         | themselves as "more important" as arrogance or self
         | importance...when in reality they are just mildly happy and
         | don't care at that moment about the typical societal norms and
         | ranking.
         | 
         | More than likely they are just going about their own business
         | and not paying attention to how you are reacting to it. Every
         | life has value...every person is equal.
        
           | lrdswrk00 wrote:
           | Daily toker and edible eater; I'm high now. Hit the bong and
           | a cartridge multiple times.
           | 
           | I've also successfully upgraded large chunks of my employers
           | infra code; tests green, deploys green.
           | 
           | It's no different than coffee to me at this point; I figured
           | out working with those jitters and anxiety. I even saw
           | shimmering with caffeine I've never seen on THC.
           | 
           | I'm pretty sure a whole lot of the behavior is just
           | subculture stereotypes that become something like a truism;
           | correct at any speed of light; which become hard to shake for
           | most people (even smart ones).
           | 
           | Personal experience is the science of human existence. The
           | anxiety of non-smokers isn't an anxiety I have to take on
           | myself.
        
             | 01100011 wrote:
             | Sort of sounds like me a decade ago.
             | 
             | If you find yourself still doing the same job in a decade,
             | I think you'll know why. Tech jobs are very compatible with
             | weed. The sort of tactical, short term thinking you need to
             | apply current knowledge to problems works well. It's great
             | for crafting clever, short-term solutions and hacking your
             | way through things. If that's all you ever want to be,
             | smoke weed everyday man, why not?
             | 
             | If you want to achieve more, that, for me and the people
             | I've seen, is where the problems start. You might not even
             | recognize that this is where you want to be in life until
             | it's too late because you're so comfortable with your
             | 'smoke weed everyday' job. It really sucks when mid-life
             | comes and you realize your skills won't carry you another
             | 20 years, or that there's a whole generation of kids coming
             | to either push you up the corporate ladder or push you out
             | on the streets.
             | 
             | I was literally high all day for 16 years. Grew it. Made
             | hash. Supplied edibles to dispensaries. I get it. It feels
             | great. Do yourself a favor and stop for 6 months. See how
             | you feel about your life and the overall direction. You
             | might find you don't want to go back. That's assuming you
             | can quit. I tried over and over again and couldn't go more
             | than 3 days without it. Anyway, good luck.
        
               | lrdswrk00 wrote:
               | I am not a grower and have moved up consistently in my
               | career over the last decade from IT helpdesk to devops
               | lead, with a company that's profitable, and currently
               | many rounds of demos deep with two very big businesses I
               | can't even tell you what industry we're in that's how new
               | and weird this tech is.
               | 
               | Sounds like you made being high your identity.
               | 
               | To me it's like coffee (which I drink sparingly as
               | caffeine messes me up worse; biochemistry _shrug_ ). I
               | just consume it and go.
               | 
               | I've also never had an issue setting aside when I need
               | to. If I want to interview, I can hop off cold turkey,
               | give it 3-4 weeks to burn it out of my fat.
               | 
               | My career went nowhere before I started smoking, tbh. I
               | was a Linux admin for nothing companies that don't exist
               | anymore; think mom and pop offices 20 years ago.
               | 
               | In the last decade I've worked for big tech, startups
               | doing actually cool shit, and now for a really neat
               | security company.
               | 
               | But that could just be the subjective experience side of
               | reality leading to different outcomes for different
               | people and have nothing to do with weed for either of us.
        
               | fzzzy wrote:
               | Anecdotal, but caffeine is the drug that has messed my
               | life up the worst.
        
               | schroffl wrote:
               | In what way?
        
               | stronglikedan wrote:
               | Sounds like you fell into the "subculture stereotypes
               | that become something like a truism" trap that the parent
               | comment mentioned. I've worked my way up into six figures
               | being high on THC most of the time. I've only recently
               | cut back, but only to drop a few pounds. Weed doesn't
               | make people lazy or complacent, but it can make lazy and
               | complacent people lazier and more complacent sometimes.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | There's a line from the show "Suits" that really
               | highlights your point I think. Essentially the show is
               | about this wunderkind who conned his way into becoming a
               | lawyer at a top firm. He smokes weed, and the partner at
               | the firm wants him to quit. The partner explains "It's
               | okay if you want to smoke weed. But that's what weed
               | smokers do. They smoke. If you want to do other things,
               | like work at this firm, you've gotta quit weed, because
               | you can't do both." I think that's very true.
        
               | clint wrote:
               | this is a meaningless tautology
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > It really sucks when mid-life comes and you realize
               | your skills won't carry you another 20 years, or that
               | there's a whole generation of kids coming to either push
               | you up the corporate ladder or push you out on the
               | streets.
               | 
               | Surely we all see that happen to most people, including
               | non-users?
               | 
               | I think you are creating a narrative about pot use, and
               | you are ignoring correlation.
        
               | scarecrowbob wrote:
               | This comment comes across as quite condescending.
               | 
               | I mean, yeah I used to smoke a lot and produce a bit. I
               | stopped after a while.
               | 
               | And yeah, I generally recommend that other folks try not
               | smoking...
               | 
               | but it's not like you're getting "more" career than other
               | folks have. It's just different.
               | 
               | Like good on you if that's what you want to do, but from
               | where I sit I could say the same thing about career
               | minded folks who substitute their work for an identity.
               | 
               | I get being terrified you're gonna get pushed out on the
               | streets and all, but yeesh.
               | 
               | I don't wanna get up the corporate ladder. The people who
               | arrange the work I do are nice and all, but it's not like
               | the sales staff and the mild sociopathy they develop are
               | living some sort of elevated life or something just
               | because they make more money and have nicer cars.
               | 
               | Good on you for recognizing that you want something
               | different and pursuing it, but not everyone agrees that
               | "more career" is the same as more life.
        
               | sunnytimes wrote:
               | meh .. my friend and i started what is now a multi
               | million dollar company over the past 15 years and we
               | smoke weed everyday .. we smoke at work , just only after
               | 5 .. no one is pushing me out into a street cause i smoke
               | pot , quite the opposite actually.
        
               | jayrice257 wrote:
               | Wow your attitude sounds as ill informed and short
               | sighted as you think "weed smoking jobs" are as if that's
               | a thing or any of this post is more than some subjective
               | drivel. Grow up and get over yourself you loser
        
             | sarsway wrote:
             | Don't you feel it makes you a bit more stupid? For me, as
             | soon as it becomes a daily habit for more then 2 weeks, the
             | negative sides start to outweigh the benefits. It really
             | does mess with short term memory, they say an average
             | person can remember 9 things at once, and I'm pretty sure
             | weed drastically reduces that. To the point where people in
             | conversations will actually notice you can't remember well
             | what you just talked about 5 minutes ago and might think
             | you're a bit stupid. For coding it makes monotonous tasks
             | more bearable, but I often lose context when tackling more
             | complicated problems.
             | 
             | I mean I still love weed, but everyday / all day just isn't
             | that great. All good things in moderation.
        
               | lrdswrk00 wrote:
               | Daily != all day
               | 
               | Honestly, I only care about long term memory.
               | 
               | Short term was mutilated by todo apps and calendars
               | already.
               | 
               | I want to reserve my memory for interesting ideas and
               | moments. Not groceries and vacuuming.
               | 
               | This thread is making me think my way of prioritizing and
               | doing is, not novel, but different than the replies is
               | all.
               | 
               | I play guitar and piano, I don't own a TV, I do use a
               | tablet for movies but once or twice a week. I play Tetris
               | on my kids Switch rarely, otherwise got bored with video
               | games years ago, I don't use social media. I exercise
               | daily but don't watch sports.
               | 
               | I have a lot less cultural "noise" in my face than many,
               | yet I live in a big metro area.
               | 
               | Maybe that affords me the mental bandwidth to work with
               | weed?
        
           | babyblueblanket wrote:
           | I have a co-worker who I would described as mildly happy at
           | all times and doesn't care about societal norms/ranking, but
           | I never interpreted them to consider themselves superior to
           | me. This doesn't jive with my understanding of mildly happy
           | people.
        
             | mikem170 wrote:
             | That makes sense. But it also makes sense that someone else
             | might look at that same person you know and think to
             | themselves "look at them, doing their own thing, they must
             | think they are special, how arrogant!"
             | 
             | Guessing what's going on in someone elses head can be
             | pretty subjective. Sometimes it's the person looking who
             | jumps to conclusions.
        
           | bobthechef wrote:
           | > Every life has value...every person is equal.
           | 
           | What was the point of that remark? Persons may be said to be
           | of equal _dignity_ , but no two people are ever equal, in
           | value or otherwise. But what does that have to do with
           | anything in this context? Are you reading things in? The OP
           | was not making any point about rank, only haughty behavior
           | which has no place no matter who you are.
        
             | Ccecil wrote:
             | It was a statement of my personal views. It is OK with me
             | if you don't feel the same way.
             | 
             | I do feel everyone is equal in value. Possibly equally
             | worthless depending on how you view humanity's place in the
             | overall universal timescale.
             | 
             | Whenever you look at someone else and think they are being
             | arrogant or self important...likely it is time to take a
             | step back and think about why it is OK to think that they
             | should not feel that way. Maybe they have good reason that
             | day to feel self important :) Take it as a good opportunity
             | to take a good look inside and realize...overall...it
             | doesn't matter how other people view themselves.
        
               | throwaway803453 wrote:
               | That statement needs tuning then. It's doubtful you have
               | a 529 for your neighbor's college fund or you are
               | bankrupting yourself to pay someone else's medical bills.
               | Did you buy a $2 coffee today ? $2 is what the average
               | Venezuelan earns in a month.
               | 
               | That quote is often associated with Bill Gates in the
               | context of running a charity. In that case it has merit.
               | But on a personal level it makes no sense, at least
               | literally.
        
               | jayrice257 wrote:
               | ROFL the guy says it's my personal view and your
               | responses is WELL it needs adjustment then.
               | 
               | Grow up and learn that no, he doesn't need to change his
               | perspective and no yours isn't more valid or correct
               | 
               | You actually sound like a sociopath who just wants to be
               | right about something no one can even be right about.
               | Have some humility and stfu it's an opinion
        
               | Ccecil wrote:
               | The discussion was about self worth.
               | 
               | The fact that the response to that is discussing money
               | should be a red flag to you.
               | 
               | You can be good to your neighbors without giving anything
               | but a smile and a kind word.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Well, since _I 'm_ spending $2 on a _Colombian_ coffee
               | today, instead of supporting a Venezuelan, I suppose I
               | should just double-down on my disregard for human life,
               | and lobby for the creation of gulags, the return of
               | slavery, and a general expansion of the right of the
               | strong to dominate the weak.
               | 
               | That would be as silly as that criticism of equality. I'm
               | still unsure how we go from 'All people are equal' to
               | 'Are they? I don't see you sacrificing <arbitrary amount
               | of money> to help your fellow man.'
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | I noticed the opposite. In my 30s now and most of the people I
         | know who smoke a lot are pretty relaxed and the complete
         | opposite of a narcissist.
        
         | beebeepka wrote:
         | What an elaborate way if saying weed smokers are lazy bums.
         | 
         | Have you considered you attract a certain type? The long time
         | smokers I know live remarkably normal lives. Kids, jobs, etc
        
         | nimroddy wrote:
         | > consistent arrogance and self-importance
         | 
         | Unfortunately, these words are vague and will only facilitate
         | people projecting their own definitions onto them in order to
         | either support or deny your claim.
         | 
         | If there is a CEO making 500% more than some engineer, and some
         | engineer complains about that, then someone may say, "Hey that
         | person is just some engineer, how self-important and arrogant
         | to complain to the CEO like that", but for me it's self-
         | important and arrogant for the CEO to think the pay is
         | proportional, and brave and commendable for the engineer to
         | speak up.
         | 
         | I have known many assholes. Some were teetotalers and some used
         | cannabis.
         | 
         | Be careful to let your own self-importance and arrogance allow
         | you to think you can or should outright label someone else, or
         | explain another's behavior, especially by pointing at only one
         | facet of their life that you happen to be privvy to.
        
           | RIMR wrote:
           | Yeah, I'm a daily pot-smoker and many of my friends are too,
           | and we're all generally doing great at our careers and
           | personal lives. I did some reflecting upon reading this
           | comment to ensure that I'm not some sort of narcissistic
           | stoner who doesn't get any feedback, but I really can't see
           | that in myself or any of the people I know who are heavy
           | smokers.
           | 
           | I'm worried that OP is just looking down on their pot-smoking
           | peers through the lens of stereotypes with a "that's a lot of
           | confidence for a pothead" attitude instead of recognizing
           | that they're legitimately happy, confident people - traits
           | they likely aren't as critical of when they comes from
           | others.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | There is the persistent question: does this attract people who
         | are a certain way or does it transform some people into being
         | that way. But let's be clear, schizophrenia is not a
         | personality trait.
        
         | oblib wrote:
         | I could certainly be accused of haughtiness when someone made a
         | snide remark about me using marijuana. This is because I got
         | fed up with arrogant people shitting on me when they found out
         | I use it.
         | 
         | In my experience it is those who love to flout their sense of
         | superiority by shitting on users who are arrogant. But shit can
         | flow both ways and when I'd point out that they too use "drugs"
         | they'd get very defensive.
         | 
         | Back in the 80s my cocaine using friends loved shitting on weed
         | users. "It makes you dumb" was one of their favorite cut downs.
         | 
         | My alcohol drinking friends who didn't smoke weed loved to cast
         | the aspersion that weed smokers were "drug users". When I
         | started pointing out that alcohol was a drug too they all very
         | loudly denied it because couldn't stand the idea that they were
         | "drug users" too.
         | 
         | And along with and within those two groups are those who do
         | prescription drugs. It was pretty strange to be accused of
         | being a "drug user" by people taking codeine and Xanax and
         | Quaaludes, ect.
         | 
         | When I pointed out the serious side effects of alcohol, both
         | personal and to our society at large as compared to weed
         | smokers they started shutting up about that when talking to me.
         | 
         | Since Colorado legalized it those kinds of encounters have been
         | far less common, and I've certainly appreciated it. And because
         | of that I'd probably be far less likely to be accused of being
         | arrogant nowadays.
        
           | SquishyPanda23 wrote:
           | > "It makes you dumb" was one of their favorite cut downs.
           | 
           | Well, it does measurably decrease IQ. And at least in teens,
           | this reduction seems like it may be permanent.
        
             | oblib wrote:
             | Yeah, I've heard people say that all my life. Some folks
             | love to believe that. But there's nothing that really backs
             | that up with solid proof. A lot of them whom I've heard say
             | that were coke users, which to me would indicate a lack of
             | intelligence.
             | 
             | Here's a couple studies that seem to disprove that myth
             | about weed users but, like all of these studies, they
             | really cannot claim to be conclusive. Still better than
             | most I've seen though:
             | 
             | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/marijuana-may-
             | not...
             | 
             | https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/01/twins-study-finds-
             | no...
        
             | m0llusk wrote:
             | After more than 30 years of daily cannabis use with
             | occasional tolerance breaks I recently took an IQ test
             | along with a series of mental evaluations and was in the
             | 99th percentile. So maybe cannabis took me down just enough
             | to avoid being one of those Mensa jerks?
             | 
             | It might be interesting and revealing to see the
             | correlation between casual cannabis dismissal and low or
             | reduced IQ, but of course that goes against the popular
             | narrative and looking for potential errors isn't where most
             | scientists focus since that isn't super glamorous or likely
             | to get citations from publication.
        
               | slumpt_ wrote:
               | That's an excellent line of research to dive down. You're
               | going to get some folks here sweating, though.
        
         | lrdswrk00 wrote:
         | I take the position that it's your biochemistry reacting to
         | them.
         | 
         | What words you label it as feeling like are subjective.
         | 
         | I notice people from all walks of life can feel entitled, and
         | narcissistic. I'm sure some have been stoners.
        
         | pier25 wrote:
         | I think what you describe is pretty common in humans, weed or
         | not.
         | 
         | What I've seen in weed users (myself included when I was in my
         | 20s) is a tendency towards magical thinking and
         | enjoying/accepting fantasies.
        
         | warent wrote:
         | That just sounds like people in their 20s in general, even
         | without weed. Marijuana might make it seem worse because stupid
         | ideas sound much more profound when we're high
        
           | hereforphone wrote:
           | Good point, I had in mind friends / acquaintances from 20s to
           | 50s however.
        
             | jxramos wrote:
             | yah I think there's something to this in an opportunity
             | cost motivational angle. Basically there's a cost that
             | comes to being in a high state which lowers your thresholds
             | for profundity, satisfaction, deliciousness/appetite/taste.
             | 
             | Basically with the thresholds all lowered one becomes
             | satisfied with things that are objectively lesser quality,
             | less demanding of effort and work. One would be equally
             | satisfied eating junk food as they normally would having
             | eaten some gourmet meal. There's no fire under your feet to
             | hustle or put in the time to need to learn how to cook some
             | truly delicious meal let's say or develop skills that bring
             | longer term satisfaction that takes a while before payoff.
             | Motivation never needs to take off because the cheapest
             | junk already meets ones pleasure and satisfaction needs so
             | why bother.
        
               | crazy_horse wrote:
               | Weed doesn't affect everybody the same. Not everyone is a
               | stoner that gets high and says whoa dude on the couch.
               | 
               | I didn't perceive things as more profound rather the
               | little voice of anxiety inside by head went away and for
               | the first time in my life I was free to figure out who I
               | was.
        
               | random_kris wrote:
               | Hey this little Voice of anxiety I get it to and weed
               | alleviated this.. or so I think. In return it makes me
               | lazy and if I smoke too much it makes it louder and it
               | wants me to stop smoking weed Soo much. But on other hand
               | if I have a steady supply I cannot quit it. So fucked up
        
           | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
           | I agree with this. I hang out at this one bar and this 22
           | year old I talk to really thinks he "gets it." Incredibly
           | cocky and arrogant a lot of times. He's fun to talk to but
           | when he get's on a major BS kick I gotta tune him out. I'm
           | only 5 years older than him but the contrast in experiences
           | is stark to say the least. It really makes me wonder if I was
           | ever that arrogant too.
        
             | runawaybottle wrote:
             | Patronization is a strong suit many people (including
             | myself) have nicely ironed at all times in our closet.
             | Nothing is more fun than to put that suit on.
             | 
             | The question is, can we tolerate flawed people? Can we
             | laugh about it? Can we let them rant and wear that suit
             | from time to time?
        
               | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
               | It's fine if you dont act like you know how I should
               | operate my life.
        
               | krustyburger wrote:
               | I applaud the creativity, but the phrase "strong suit"
               | originated from bridge and refers to a different kind of
               | suit.
               | 
               | I realize I'm probably being patronizing myself by
               | pointing that out. As Bart Simpson once said, "The
               | ironing is delicious."
        
             | hattmall wrote:
             | I think it's a thing with liberalism as well though which
             | has a huge overlap with marijuana use. Some people tend to
             | think they know what's better for others without really
             | considering the impacts it may have. Then you add in the
             | existential paranoia brought on by being high all the time
             | and you start espousing unconditional support for ideas
             | that soothe your fears.
        
               | TheGigaChad wrote:
               | You are dumber than a rock.
        
               | nate_meurer wrote:
               | I think you might be the kind of person the parent is
               | talking about.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | mnowicki wrote:
               | yeah true. I think it'd be best for others if they
               | stopped being liberals.
               | 
               | (\s btw)
        
               | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
               | Lol thanks for the good chuckle
        
               | chucksta wrote:
               | "Some people tend to think they know what's better for
               | others without really considering the impacts it may
               | have."
               | 
               | That's hardly limited to that demo. Also generally
               | chronic users aren't going to get that existential
               | paranoia you get from casual use
        
             | _ah wrote:
             | "When I was a boy of 14, my father was so ignorant I could
             | hardly stand to have the old man around. But when I got to
             | be 21, I was astonished at how much the old man had learned
             | in seven years."
             | 
             | -- Mark Twain
        
         | topkai22 wrote:
         | Yes, I've noticed something simila, although way I phrase it is
         | I noticed among high marijauna users from teens to twenties was
         | what is a sense of delayed maturity. This overlaps with the
         | attributes you described but it also felt like they weren't
         | able to accept the increasing responsibility to themselves and
         | others that comes with growth out of adolesence. I accept this
         | is just one lived experience and there are other possible
         | confounding factors, but I've definiutely noticed it.
        
         | sodafountan wrote:
         | I'm not a psychologist, but I think narcissism and self-
         | importance simply stem from a small world view.
         | 
         | If your main hobby/recreational activity in life is smoking
         | weed (certainly not judging anyone) then you'll likely only
         | associate with people who enjoy the same things, if anyone at
         | all.
         | 
         | This leads to a very narrow world-view where you're the center
         | of that world. Going out and meeting people, doing different
         | activities, taking on new jobs and roles, going to school and
         | getting an education all really help to humble people and make
         | people realize that most of us are all very similar in our
         | pursuit of happiness.
        
         | dogorman wrote:
         | > _consistent arrogance and self-importance._
         | 
         | Would you rather have people demoralized and hating themselves?
         | I think we have quite enough of that already. God forbid an
         | unaccomplished waggie enjoys life and likes who they are.
         | Somebody put these uppity proles back in their place!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | xwolfi wrote:
         | I've had my weed phase between 16 and 19 and I dont know. There
         | is a sort of arrogance that comes with ignorance in general
         | that subsides as you learn the vastness of what you'll never
         | know.
         | 
         | I suppose the intersection of ignorance, criminality and drug
         | consumption may make you think that because they smoke, they
         | exhibit the other traits, but it could be the contrary.
         | 
         | You need a bit of arrogance to think cannabis is on your side
         | and you can dominate it, as I witnessed myself when I started
         | stumbling as a teenager.
        
           | jefftechentin wrote:
           | > You need a bit of arrogance to think cannabis is on your
           | side and you can dominate it, as I witnessed myself when I
           | started stumbling as a teenager.
           | 
           | I have had similar experiences. Without your mind you are not
           | you, a drug which changes the minds substrate (in some ways
           | permanently) is going to be outside the control of the
           | effected mind. Beware the Snoop Dogg pool party.
        
         | alanbernstein wrote:
         | My experience is the exact opposite:
         | 
         | 1) I would not suggest that marijuana use correlates with any
         | particular behavior very much.
         | 
         | 2) The only thing I have noticed in common among _some_ heavy
         | users was stereotypical stoner behavior, primarily
         | forgetfulness and absent-mindedness. They are usually aware of
         | this, which means it does not present as anything remotely like
         | arrogance.
        
           | stevev wrote:
           | My experience and opinion are similar to yours. A typical
           | stoner isn't really there, and when they are there, it's more
           | of a questioning or socializing activity. Alcoholic behaviors
           | are what I would describe as arrogance and extreme
           | impairment.
        
             | crazy_horse wrote:
             | It's very possible that those are the stoners that stick
             | out. There are a lot of stoners out there that are there
             | and you don't realize are high.
        
         | _jjkk wrote:
         | > they may be contributing very little to society (or maybe a
         | lot), but regardless there's a sense of superiority
         | 
         | A sober individual's brain is operating on standard (often
         | societally installed) reward mechanism, including "succeeding"
         | on certain self-evaluated measures like "contributions to
         | society"
         | 
         | It's commonly said that weed makes you "OK with being bored".
         | i.e. standard reward mechanisms mentioned above don't really
         | matter much when you're high.
         | 
         | It has nothing to do with narcissism or sense of superiority as
         | you call it, just that their reward mechanism doesn't include
         | things like "how much am I contributing to society". Apathy is
         | a better word for it.
        
           | Barrin92 wrote:
           | well apathetic individuals still rely on the society they are
           | in, most of the time anyway. I think this is where the
           | narcissism perception comes in.
           | 
           | Most stoners in particular people who smoke a lot and for a
           | long time at least in my experience become apathetic and to a
           | degree dependent on their environment. They rely on others to
           | organize their lives, even get simple chores done, they
           | become sort of lethargic. And when you have an individual
           | like that who also acts indifferently towards it you create
           | (I think a justified) negative perception.
        
             | _jjkk wrote:
             | Be careful not to over-generalize from personal
             | experience... Maybe you've just met a few examples of
             | lethargic, dependent narcissists who smoke a lot of weed?
             | 
             | There is selection bias at play, as someone with an
             | admitted negative perception of stoners you probably
             | haven't put yourself in many situations where you might
             | meet counterexamples.
             | 
             | In _my_ experience, I 've met many stoners whose driving
             | force is empathy and compassion and not narcissism and
             | apathy.
             | 
             | Anyway, keep in mind any substance abuse is often an
             | amplifier of issues that already existed.
        
               | Barrin92 wrote:
               | I did qualify that I'm talking about heavy users but I
               | don't think I'm over-generalizing. Any heavy drug use, or
               | addictive or dependent behavior in general crowds out
               | other things. That's just a fact of substance use.
               | 
               | Occasional recreational use is one thing but people who
               | are high every day, they aren't able to be as present as
               | they would be if they were sober, and in changes them in
               | I think usually negative ways. Not even because of the
               | particular drug they're using, but because of the
               | patterns of behavior that come with those levels of
               | consumption.
        
               | trutannus wrote:
               | Most of the lethargic narcists I met were weed (and other
               | drug) users. Most weed users I know are not lethargic
               | narcists. People who swing in the direction of
               | personality disorders already have a predisposition to
               | "anti-social" behavioral patterns, and frequent risk-
               | taking. It's just as likely that they get into drugs on
               | account of existing personality constructs as they
               | develop personality constructs on account of using drugs.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | I think part of that isn't the symptoms of the drug but the
         | culture surrounding it. In most places its illegal or at the
         | very least frowned upon, so being one who does this regularly
         | makes you perceived by some parts of society as some sort of
         | black sheep. People wear the black sheep badge proudly and can
         | be arrogant and in your face about it. Just look at how techies
         | act online. Smoking pot, like knowing stuff about technology,
         | makes you 'in the know' relative to the rest of society, and
         | can make you feel superior that you are taking part in
         | something that most people will never or might outright refuse
         | to experience.
         | 
         | Even in parts of the US where its been legal to smoke pot for
         | some time like California, the social stigma of meeting up for
         | drinks at a bar regularly and meeting up to smoke pot regularly
         | are not equivalent. Your employer might even drug test you
         | still.
        
         | 01100011 wrote:
         | That's just society these days...
         | 
         | Actually I think you have a point and it probably stems from
         | the way in which MJ modifies your dopamine system.
         | 
         | In any case, the reason I ultimately gave up smoking it is it
         | makes my overall psychological health worse. I take a more
         | cynical and negative view of things, even if it makes me
         | mellower and temporarily happy. It affects my memory and my
         | motivation, even as it increases my interest in things(so it
         | slightly helps with ADHD, but effective net benefit to my job
         | is zero). It also costs a hell of a lot of money unless you can
         | grow it yourself these days(thanks, legal weed).
         | 
         | Smoked for 16 years constantly, quit for 2, resumed a couple
         | times to help with various issues in mid life, but at the end
         | of the day I quit because it's just not in line with my goals
         | for my life. Weed helped me stay in bad life situations and
         | compromised my ability to plan an effective way of changing my
         | circumstances. It works for some people, I get it. My friend is
         | a paraplegic and loves it for pain. I love the benefits to
         | joint pain and general mid-life aches. That pain relief is what
         | led me to never really dealing with my back problems until now
         | though.
        
         | stevev wrote:
         | My experience is opposite.
         | 
         | My experience with cannabis use using a simple activity.
         | 
         | Sober, I can clean my office without much thinking and if I had
         | to repeatedly do it, I'd probably do it the same fashion every
         | time.
         | 
         | On cannabis, I'm able to see what I believe to be the more or
         | most efficient way of cleaning my office, garage and rooms. I
         | could probably come up with a few ways or road maps for doing
         | so.
         | 
         | I don't know what it is. Maybe there's a higher level of
         | dopamine from using cannabis that influenced me to have so much
         | attention and focus on such a menial task.
         | 
         | I have been told that I'm usually not there mentally and never
         | arrogant; and my friends are pretty outspoken.
        
           | dqpb wrote:
           | You should record yourself cleaning in both situations and
           | then compare. Otherwise, you are merely comparing your
           | perception of your self, which obviously is altered in the
           | second case.
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | Sure, that would be interesting on some level.
             | 
             | But I see the objective as _cleaning the room_ , not
             | _having a clean room_ , so a subjective experience of being
             | more engaged and enjoying it more is intrinsically
             | valuable.
             | 
             | If it takes a lot longer or the results aren't as good,
             | that changes things, sure, but this can be settled with a
             | timer and a before/after photo. Controlling for degree-of-
             | mess probably adds so much noise that this probably isn't
             | useful in practice.
        
         | krylon wrote:
         | I can only provide a single data point, but I used to smoke a
         | lot of weed for a pretty long time, then stopped about 12 years
         | ago, and one of the changes I noticed was that I became much
         | more able to accept responsibility for my mistakes instead of
         | blaming everything wrong with my life on others.
         | 
         | After I stopped smoking, I talked about this a friend who also
         | quit weed around that time, and he said it was the same for
         | him. (Okay, so it's two data points.)
         | 
         | Make of that what you want, but there is a correlation. That
         | doesn't mean weed turns people into assholes necessarily, but
         | it can certainly amplify preexisting tendencies in that
         | direction. I'm pretty sure the same goes for various other
         | drugs as well - I never spent time around cocaine or
         | methamphetamine enthusiasts, but I've been told, some people
         | have a tendency to become real assholes on cocaine. And of
         | course there's alcohol, which definitely helps all kinds of
         | unpleasant personality traits to float to the surface.
        
           | mikem170 wrote:
           | Maybe growing older and wiser played a part? I've seen some
           | of my friends transform attitudes like that significantly as
           | the years go by, weed never being involved.
        
         | philote wrote:
         | Honestly I've noticed the opposite. The pot smokers I've known
         | (which there have been many) have been some of the coolest
         | people. They've been very friendly and giving, and definitely
         | not arrogant or self-important. Maybe it depends on the area
         | you live in and types of social circles you're in?
        
         | bilekas wrote:
         | You've hit the nail on the head with my experience. I have
         | noticed this with a brother who smoke daily.. I never really
         | put it down to the marijuana use entirely, but more of an
         | aversion to any kind of confrontation/disagreement that might
         | make him second guess himself etc.
         | 
         | Personally I can't smoke it anymore, I get super anxious now
         | and nervous. I don't enjoy it, but I can see why some people
         | who enjoy it would rather avoid any kind of mental
         | doubt/disagreements.
        
           | GordonS wrote:
           | > Personally I can't smoke it anymore, I get super anxious
           | now and nervous
           | 
           | I've heard so many people say the same thing, that they used
           | to enjoy using cannabis, then some years later they find it
           | induces anxiety, jitters and nervousness - I wonder what the
           | mechanism behind this anxiety is?
           | 
           | Is it as simple as "modern" cannabis strains having much THC
           | than older ones, or is it something else, possibly age-
           | related, like thyroid hormones?
        
             | codr7 wrote:
             | Like Shrooms, Cannabis will sooner or later confront you
             | with aspects of yourself that you're not entirely
             | comfortable with.
             | 
             | There was always strong weed, and hashish; it just means
             | you either consume less or fall asleep.
             | 
             | Hormones are possible, I guess.
        
               | heavenlyblue wrote:
               | I heard this opinion so many times from new agey types
               | who think they know so much wisdom about life. None of
               | them are successful in any way or smoked weed in the same
               | amounts as I or other stoner friends did.
               | 
               | On the hand every single person I know who abused weed
               | (including me) by wake and baking themselves for years
               | have stopped smoking basically because every time they
               | smoked their heartbeat would go to 9000 and they just
               | couldn't feel good on it anymore (by good I mean just
               | "not feeling like I am having a heart attack in purely
               | physical way")
               | 
               | Just to be clear it has nothing to do with paranoia, just
               | physical effects - I don't feel afraid, it's just that
               | there are no good effects anymore.
               | 
               | Weed never destroyed my life. I was a hugely high-
               | functioning addict to be honest. But there's no way I can
               | smoke and not get my heartbeat to the moon.
               | 
               | So please, just stop this misinformation. You just never
               | smoked enough of weed to get there.
        
               | GordonS wrote:
               | _Was_ there always strong weed though? Modern strains go
               | up to 20% THC and 0% CBD.
               | 
               | At least when I were lad (in UK), we only got brick weed
               | (which I remember was a good bit less strong than hash),
               | but it was almost exclusively Moroccan hash we got, and
               | even though that is a "concentrate", THC levels have
               | traditionally[0] been lower, and CBD levels significantly
               | higher, than much of today's modern cannabis flower.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303871898_Th
               | e_main_...
        
         | eloisius wrote:
         | Same observation. I also smoked weed in my teens and early
         | twenties and I remember it making some of the most banal horse
         | shit ideas seem profound, or like I really understand how the
         | universe clicked together. I bet hanging out with a bunch of
         | stoners steeping in my own bullshit for another decade would
         | make me a(n even more) pompous ass too.
        
           | stevev wrote:
           | I doubt this even happened lol.
        
           | brendanclune wrote:
           | Realistically it was my teens and early twenties that made
           | banal horse shit ideas profound. There's something to be said
           | for age.
        
           | alabamacadabra wrote:
           | The effect is such that you are activating neurons which are
           | engaged in the learning process.
           | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11064-005-6978-1
           | Because of this, to the untrained mind (most humans are not
           | given manuals to how their mind works) these firings related
           | to any event cause the event to have the perception of
           | presenting deep information which one can learn from. This
           | state allows one to perceive the banal as sublime, or in
           | simpler terms, dumb shit seems cooler, and you can enjoy dumb
           | things more, as you are turning on a relational learning part
           | of your mind and also engaging in a consumption ritual to do
           | so. Genuinely this article and the reactions are giving me
           | some confusion in regards to how other people perceive the
           | world.
        
         | bobthechef wrote:
         | Ask yourself why people smoke weed in the first place. It isn't
         | because they're temperate and psychically/spiritually/morally
         | in order. Weed stupefies and dulls a person to certain unwanted
         | feelings, like guilt or anxiety. That isn't any more medicinal
         | than alcoholism.
         | 
         | In line with that, if what you write is true, it would be
         | consistent with the idea that they have vices which cause them
         | suffering which they then proceed to numb instead of dealing
         | with the vices. So if they suffer from envy and pride, this
         | will make them miserable people, so they smoke to numb the
         | suffering. It's basically a way of coping with the consequences
         | of denial about those vices: an intentional disintegration of
         | the intellect to prevent conscious realization of one's vices
         | because they can bear down on one's conscience. The only true
         | way out is moral reform, but if you don't want to repent and
         | face the consequences of repentance, if you are a slave to your
         | pride and to your passions, then you will look for something
         | else to kill the guilt and the pain.
        
           | QuercusMax wrote:
           | Wow, this is really ignorant. Have you ever tried cannabis?
           | My guess is no.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | Where ever did you get your ideas from? A D.A.R.E
           | advertisement? Are you conflating marijuana and opioids?
           | Seriously. You sound like my grand parents, who ascribe
           | frankly magical effects to marijuana. Do you also believe
           | that people regularly get high and believe they can fly?
        
           | shoemakersteve wrote:
           | This sounds like it's coming from someone who has 0
           | experience with weed and has been told their whole life that
           | it's bad and only bad people do it for bad reasons. And
           | judging by the "repentance" language, probably a religious
           | aspect too.
        
           | crazy_horse wrote:
           | It may help if you asked yourself why you feel qualified to
           | judge a bunch of people's minds.
        
         | trutannus wrote:
         | > there's a sense of superiority that seems to crop up among
         | them all
         | 
         | As a Canadian where weed is legal, I can say I've not had this
         | experience at all. A lot of folks here use it, at all ages and
         | all personality types. Very unusual for me to meet someone who
         | uses it and for them to strike me as any different than the
         | average Canadian.
        
         | self_buddliea wrote:
         | Reading this article made me recall an incident back in art
         | college. A mature student asked if I smoked cannabis, I said I
         | do. There was another mature student in the room with us. Upon
         | hearing my confession she stared at me with a very serious
         | expression, then lunged forward at me and pushed her face into
         | mine. I was so taken aback I nearly fell off my chair. I had
         | never met this woman before, we were never introduced and I
         | haven't seen her since.
         | 
         | I would argue this woman was sufficiently arrogant that she
         | thought it was socially acceptable to invade my personal space
         | because I was a stoner. Perhaps I myself was more arrogant when
         | I was younger, in the spirit that user warent mentioned below.
         | On the other hand, I'm not the type to spontaneously invade the
         | space of others.
        
         | walleeee wrote:
         | > there's a sense of superiority that seems to crop up among
         | them
         | 
         | the directionality could be the inverse: e.g. insecurity
         | driving people to social overcompensation as well as cannabis
         | as a reprieve or escape from their anxieties
        
       | warent wrote:
       | This would not surprise me at all. But I'm curious to know if
       | they got the causation backwards. Maybe people with schizophrenia
       | just have a higher likelihood of smoking marijuana
        
         | jklinger410 wrote:
         | Untreated neuro-divergent people tend to use recreational drugs
         | for medicinal purposes. And psychoactive drug usage is directly
         | linked with the early onset of otherwise dormant schizophrenia,
         | as well as a myriad of other mental disorders.
         | 
         | There is no science to state that psychoactives cause these
         | mental disorders. In fact, current medical science states the
         | opposite, that psychoactives do NOT cause, but exacerbate,
         | certain mental disorders.
         | 
         | Considering that both psychoative drug use and mental disorder
         | rates are on the rise (some would argue due to improved
         | screening, treatments, etc) I'm not sure how anyone could draw
         | a conclusion from this.
         | 
         | If they want to prove that psychoactive use can cause mental
         | disorder, they should approach it from a bio-chemical
         | perspective.
        
           | thaw13579 wrote:
           | To be clear, there is science that is compatible with THC
           | increasing the risk of psychosis (and perhaps that CBD is
           | protective). I would agree that some are self medicating, but
           | the data also shows that dosage, THC/CBD mixture, and age of
           | use each elevate psychosis risk over random controls [1][2].
           | 
           | It would be great to do double blinded experiments to test
           | this more definitely, but we don't due to unethical reasons.
           | I think the differential legalization will provide useful
           | data along those lines, though it will take some years.
           | 
           | I also think it's important to distinguish between THC
           | "exacerbating" an existing mental illness and triggering
           | psychosis in otherwise healthy people who have a
           | predisposition, due to genes and early life experience. We
           | still don't have a clear idea exactly how to say who's
           | predisposed. Plenty of reasons to take caution, in my
           | opinion.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24625/the-health-effects-of-
           | cann... [2] https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article
           | /PIIS2215-0...
        
           | quickthrowman wrote:
           | > And psychoactive drug usage is directly linked with the
           | early onset of otherwise dormant schizophrenia, as well as a
           | myriad of other mental disorders.
           | 
           | Citation please. Drug usage tends to begun around the same
           | age schizophrenia is typically diagnosed.
        
           | riemannzeta wrote:
           | Presented for your consideration without comment:
           | 
           | https://adai.uw.edu/pubs/pdf/2017mjbipolar.pdf
        
             | tartoran wrote:
             | I find it somewhat funny that this is written by Susan A.
             | Stoner, PhD, Research Consultant.
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | Pretty standard study that showing two things are
             | correlated. The THC/CBD chart is misleading because none of
             | the data is actually used to form the conclusions.
             | 
             | The interesting thing is the "Use of Marijuana to Self-
             | Medicate BD" study is useless. Monitoring a small number of
             | bipolar people for 6 days will give you completely random
             | results. It's too short a period to remove moods from the
             | equation.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mpol wrote:
         | Or maybe both are happening.
         | 
         | Some people like the high from THC, which might make someone go
         | in the direction of psychosis, it can be very stimulating.
         | 
         | For people whith a background of psychosis, they might like the
         | CBD part, which makes them relax and feel less stimulated and
         | aroused.
        
           | badloginnew wrote:
           | I think any research about cannabis that fails to distinguish
           | thc/cbd and other important phenotypical traits of the plant
           | will ultimately go nowhere. Thc and cbd have diametrically
           | opposing effects. Marijuana is not one substance it is many.
        
             | hindsightbias wrote:
             | CBD with Delta-8 THC is all the unregulated rage now.
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | Yeah this is often the debate. Many schizophrenic people self-
         | medicate with drugs and alcohol before they've been diagnosed,
         | so it's very hard to get a clear picture.
         | 
         | The "component cause" makes sense... marijuana and other
         | psychedelics don't necessarily cause schizophrenia in most
         | people, but for some people it may serve as a trigger. There's
         | some evidence that trauma in childhood may have a similar
         | impact.
        
         | sharklazer wrote:
         | I'm curious about alcohol and tobacco usage as well. Tobacco
         | usage in mentally ill has generally been higher. It could
         | simply reflect over all trends in substance choices depending
         | on availability. So many variables unaccounted for.
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | I have a disorder that affects perception (fortunately
           | nothing as serious!) and nicotine absolutely helps with
           | sensory gating. I quit smoking last year and my focus has
           | really suffered for it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | rwnspace wrote:
           | I've heard it on good authority that schizophrenics find
           | nicotine/tobacco significantly ameliorates their symptoms -
           | it can be a lesser evil for some.
        
             | InitialLastName wrote:
             | Plus, if you're going to self-medicate by building a
             | psychological addiction, there are worse substances to do
             | it with than nicotine. I know many alcoholics, for example,
             | who picked up tobacco in rehab. It might not be healthy,
             | but it can be a bit less self-destructive to your personal
             | life.
        
             | eurasiantiger wrote:
             | Well, tobacco smoke is full of MAO inhibitors. I would not
             | be surprised if it was daily abuse of tobacco and coffee
             | that were causing mental illness.
        
             | badloginnew wrote:
             | I think it's an acetylcholine agonist or something like
             | that.
        
         | hindsightbias wrote:
         | I don't have links but read a lot on this years ago. There were
         | multiple UK studies that connected genetic predisposition to
         | mental health issues to increased drug use. They're just self
         | medicating until it doesn't work anymore. IDK why it would be
         | dramatically different for non-genetically predisposed victims.
         | 
         | IMO, drug use is a symptom and not the cause. That said, we
         | didn't have 75% THC vape back in the day and now everyone is
         | doing CBD with wonderful new Delta-8 and there's not a shred of
         | research on it.
        
         | Ccecil wrote:
         | I have long thought this for not just mental disorders...but
         | also the long standing view that Marijuana use causes laziness
         | or "makes you stupid". Perhaps these people have other issues
         | they are self medicating for or have a higher probability of
         | using illicit substances...for whatever reason they may be
         | using it makes it easy to skew numbers to make it seem like the
         | substance use is the cause, but to the user it may feel like
         | the solution.
        
           | eurasiantiger wrote:
           | "Lazy and stupid" is a common outsider generalization of
           | people with ADHD's primarily inattentive variant.
        
         | badloginnew wrote:
         | Like cigarettes. It seems like it could be both self
         | medication, but also have negative side effects too.
         | Benzodiazepines are my favorite analogy.
        
           | martimarkov wrote:
           | Can you share that analogy? I take Benzodiazepam from time to
           | time but never more than once every 3-4 months. Keen to learn
           | a bit more. :)
        
             | curryst wrote:
             | Not OP, but benzo's can be problematic because they can
             | exacerbate the condition they're meant to treat. I.e. they
             | are often prescribed for anxiety, but one of the symptoms
             | of benzo withdrawal is heightened anxiety. It creates a
             | feedback loop where the medication builds an addiction, and
             | the only way out of that addiction is to suffer a worse
             | version of the symptoms you were trying to self-medicate
             | away in the first place.
             | 
             | I believe research has said similar of opiates. Heightened
             | sensitivity to pain is one of the symptoms of opiate
             | withdrawal.
             | 
             | It stands in contrast to other medications where withdrawal
             | isn't counter-indicated by the underlying condition. I.e.
             | amphetamine withdrawal doesn't really exacerbate ADHD. It's
             | not a pleasant thing, but stopping the medication only
             | sends your ADHD back to baseline, not below.
             | 
             | Another similarity to cigarettes and opiates is that they
             | don't cure anything, they merely treat symptoms.
             | 
             | Not a doctor, but I don't think you're at risk of those
             | problems if you take them every 3-4 months. They're great
             | for acute symptoms like that because of how effective they
             | are. They're not good for chronic symptoms, though, because
             | of that feedback loop.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | Sorry to report this, but stimulant withdrawal absolutely
               | exacerbates the symptoms of ADHD.
               | 
               | Not so much with amphetamine (which is weakly reinforcing
               | at recommended doses), but for nicotine, I know ADHD
               | folks who have straight quit for a couple months, then go
               | back because their life has become a complete shambles
               | and it doesn't seem to be getting better.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | As far as I know, nicotine isn't approved for treatment
               | of ADHD.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | I can confirm that benzos cause rebound anxiety. I have a
               | small supply for as-needed use. A single dose will help
               | significantly that day but make the next day or two
               | worse. But that doesn't mean they aren't useful.
               | 
               | They are extremely helpful since I'm bipolar. They give
               | me a buffer for highly stressful events, so I'm not
               | dealing with both anxiety and the event. Having anxiety
               | the next day sucks but avoiding a manic or depressive
               | episode is worth that.
        
         | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
         | One of my high school friends developed severe schizophrenia in
         | his 30s. Given hindsight it's clear to all of us that know him
         | that some elements of it must have started all the way back at
         | middle school. He was _very_ into hallucinogens and doing his
         | art, the themes of which are directly in line with his current
         | delusions.
        
       | doublerabbit wrote:
       | Anecdotal however cannabis has many compounds, The two main ones
       | are: THC and CBD.
       | 
       | If your using a strain that has high THC and not much in CBD. CBD
       | being the compound to safe-guard, governor the effects of THC you
       | end up in a trip that can spiral out of control causing negative
       | effects.
       | 
       | If you add a CBD strain to the mix. Which are high in CBD and
       | contain trace amounts of THC to your normal method usage, these
       | tend to level out the percentages.
       | 
       | My take is this: If your not mentally fit, high THC can cause you
       | to go off the edge compared to strains with lower amounts. The
       | same can be said for Wine and the alcohol volume.
       | 
       | And I talk from personal experience from being in a psychosis
       | episode caused by cannabis.
       | 
       | -- Edit: I have my own downvote brigade. Yay - Just seems odd
       | that every post I post on HN gets down-voted.
        
         | stevev wrote:
         | I'm upvoting this.
         | 
         | I believe your explanation on the strains are on point.
         | 
         | When using the vapor method, very high in thc, sometimes I do
         | experience psychosis or schizophrenic symptoms. My perception
         | of reality does change a bit during peak affect but disappears
         | after wearing off.
         | 
         | When smoking raw cannabis the regular way, I experience a more
         | calming affect; emotionally tolerable and focused mindset.
        
         | saryant wrote:
         | This matches my experience as someone who struggles with severe
         | anxiety and intrusive/delusional thoughts. THC makes for a very
         | bad time for me, but a high CBD edible calms down my mind and
         | helps me temper those thoughts.
        
         | slingnow wrote:
         | Editing your post to whine about the downvotes will surely get
         | people to stop downvoting you. Well played.
        
         | filoeleven wrote:
         | Don't forget the terpenes! Terpenes play a big role in cannabis
         | effects as well, accounting for the differences between sativa
         | and indica strains.
         | 
         | Pinine and terpinaline for example are more likely than other
         | terpenes to cause anxiety and paranoia at higher
         | concentrations, meaning >1%. I don't know if they contribute
         | psychotic episodes though.
        
       | adam0c wrote:
       | "heavy use of the drug" ... shocker! problems arise in people
       | woth substance abuse problem's :/
        
         | moate wrote:
         | People with Schizophrenia may abuse drugs (at up to an 8% rate
         | for marijuana).
         | 
         | :O
        
       | johnnyApplePRNG wrote:
       | I have enjoyed smoking Cannabis for decades, but a recent bought
       | of financial difficulty coupled with a desire to get programming
       | last week has shown some teeth on the cute little bubbly image of
       | Cannabis in my mind.
       | 
       | I started smoking more (due to stress) and trying to complete a
       | new project (financial difficulty) and it was just a nightmare.
       | 
       | It's noticeably more difficult to concentrate and retain new
       | information when I am ingesting regularly.
       | 
       | Learning a new programming language, even having just had a few
       | joints the night before, is so much more difficult that it would
       | be without the Cannabis. I honestly felt like I was losing my
       | mind.
       | 
       | I'm not even talking about being high while learning/working...
       | just having the cannabinoids in your system from a few days ago
       | really soaks and coats the mind.
       | 
       | So I've cut it out, for now.
        
         | fsociety wrote:
         | That makes a lot of sense and is smart. Very introspective. I
         | want to provide my anecdotal evidence as a counterpoint, with
         | the understanding that weed can trigger anxiety in a really
         | damaging way and it affects everyone differently.
         | 
         | I'm not in a financially stressful situation, but have been
         | under a lot of performance stress in recent jobs. I found the
         | best routine for myself was meetings during the day + whatever
         | coding I could fit.
         | 
         | Where it gets interesting is at night, I would have a Coke Zero
         | for a small caffeine kick and vape a bit of weed - not a lot -
         | and put on some tunes. Then I'd be totally in the zone and code
         | several day's worth of work in a night. Sometimes even more.
         | 
         | I was praised for high productivity, and got a lot of work
         | done. I don't do it as often now, trying to maximize my sleep
         | and my current work has more inter-team tension... but overall
         | I get less work done now.
         | 
         | It definitely was a cheat code to enter the zone for a good 4-6
         | hours at night, and helped me perform at a higher level than I
         | normally would.
         | 
         | Worth noting I wasn't avoiding anything or using it as a tool
         | for comfort. I think that can blur the line into an addiction
         | or avoidance mechanism that can be harmful.
        
         | bjourne wrote:
         | A few joints per night? That's a whole lot, isn't it?
        
           | johnnyApplePRNG wrote:
           | They're pretty darned small... ~0.2g a piece maybe.. And by a
           | few I meant 1 or 2 max.
           | 
           | And I only smoked them right before bed to help with sleep. I
           | don't enjoy "being high" typically.
        
             | lma21 wrote:
             | Would CBD help in this case? Have you tried it ?
        
         | ipnon wrote:
         | Math problems become more difficult after smoking cannabis.
         | This has been replicated in many psychological studies. It
         | seems we cannot smoke joints and program well all night in the
         | same way we can smoke cigarettes and program well all night.
         | 
         | That being said it is much easier to program in the morning
         | after a night of smoking cannabis than a night of drinking.
         | 
         | My quest to find the best combination of drugs for programming
         | has been long. Just vaping nicotine and drinking strong tea
         | seems to be near the pinnacle. Sometimes we miss the simple
         | solutions right in front of our eyes.
        
         | animanoir wrote:
         | In my case is different. I tend to focus and learn better with
         | cannabis, but that might be that it relaxes me to some degree
         | that I can take existence better and concentrate stimulating my
         | mind.
         | 
         | In fact I believe weed changed me for the better. May sound
         | cliche but now I'm deeply interested in philosophy and
         | technical concepts and aptitudes (like programming), and
         | actually my whole attitude towards life got really bright and
         | mature, with myself and with others.
         | 
         | I'm not saying weed alone made that, but definitely helped me.
         | As I said, at least for me concentration, in this case
         | facilitated by weed, is life changing.
        
           | johnnyApplePRNG wrote:
           | I have noticed that a very small dose of cannabis can help in
           | work motivation and concentration... but for myself at least,
           | it's a slippery slope.
           | 
           | After a few hours of coding well I start thinking about
           | another very small dose of Cannabis... which won't work
           | because you just ingested a few hours ago and you need to up
           | the dosage... rinse and repeat.
        
       | mikkelam wrote:
       | Note that cannabis sold in the danish black market is of unknown
       | quality. No one knows what strain they're getting even in terms
       | of indica/sativa as well as THC/CBD mix. It is mostly illegally
       | shipped from Marocco or Albania. Sometimes it is also dusted with
       | synthetic cannabinoids.
       | 
       | That said, I would love more research on the topic as it is a
       | wild west right now.
        
       | caymanjim wrote:
       | Really getting sick of voluntary behavior being labeled as a
       | "disease" or "disorder". That's the mainstream, PC way of
       | presenting it, and while a number of doctors do support that
       | labeling, it's by no means a universal consensus. Plenty of
       | doctors push back against this, but most of them just avoid
       | picking a fight you can't win against the rabid faction that
       | wants to remove any vestige of personal responsibility. And I say
       | this as someone who's (ab)used his fair share of substances.
        
         | euthymiclabs wrote:
         | Psychiatrist (and addiction psychiatrist in training) here. I
         | agree that calling substance use disorders a disease is highly
         | problematic. However, I think that while the majority of people
         | who use substances don't have a problem, there are many people
         | who use substances in a maladaptive (or disordered) way that
         | dramatically impacts their ability to function, and we need a
         | name to describe that. Substance use disorder is a pretty
         | neutral term, and much better than the older "abuse" and
         | "dependence" terminology for a number of reasons. The wording
         | isn't intended to suggest that personal responsibility isn't
         | required--and any treating clinician would quash that idea
         | right away. It's a way to describe patterns and determine what
         | might be helpful for an individual. It's certainly imperfect,
         | but a much better description than past nomenclature.
        
           | caymanjim wrote:
           | Thanks for replying. I agree with what you've said, and agree
           | that it's helpful to have a term for use that dramatically
           | impacts a person's ability to function. "Use disorder" here
           | does seem to be a reasonable, neutral term for
           | differentiating between normal (or even heavy) use that
           | doesn't cause significant problems and use (at any level)
           | that does cause significant problems (physical, mental,
           | financial, or social).
           | 
           | I have a knee-jerk reaction to calling problematic drug use a
           | "disease". "Disorder", as you've described it, does seem like
           | a reasonable term.
        
             | euthymiclabs wrote:
             | Agreed. This paper
             | https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1602872 (which isn't
             | available open access, unfortunately) argues that the brain
             | changes in substance use are more likely normal learning
             | associated with very strong stimuli than actual disease
             | processes. I find this to be a more helpful, optimistic,
             | and accurate interpretation of the data than the disease
             | model. (And it really complements the other evidence-based
             | interventions for substance use disorders we have!)
        
       | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
       | 1) THC to CBD ratio in Cannabis has been intentionally increased
       | in favor of THC.
       | 
       | 2) Cannabis is more and more cut with synthetic cannabinoids
       | which are notoriously bad for the brain and mind.
       | 
       | 3) Long-term Cannabis use is not evenly distributed but focused
       | on people with a certain personality open for such an experience.
       | 
       | 4) Cannabis has been and still is illegal in most places. That
       | alone will foster a tendency for paranoia.
       | 
       | 5) Just as with other drugs, some people aren't able to control
       | their consumption and that's never good for you.
       | 
       | 6) Long-term Cannabis enjoyment in the face of prohibition will
       | solidify the realisation that our society is inherently fascist
       | and narrow-minded. (I can confirm that from personal experience.)
        
         | annoyingnoob wrote:
         | > Cannabis is more and more cut with synthetic cannabinoids
         | which are notoriously bad for the brain and mind.
         | 
         | Do you have a link to support that?
        
           | t8e56vd4ih wrote:
           | that's a pretty well documented trend. Google it.
        
       | wubbert wrote:
       | who would have thought that a mind-altering substance could
       | permanently alter someone's mind.
        
       | kerblang wrote:
       | Purely anecdotal, but a long time ago I read a book by Mark
       | Vonnegut, Kurt Vonnegut's son. He explained how he was diagnosed
       | with schizophrenia, and warned that for him, marijuana made his
       | condition much, much worse, and he learned early on to strictly
       | avoid it. From that one could argue that maybe pot aggravates
       | borderline cases of schizophrenia to the point of a temporary
       | psychotic breakdown & diagnosis. In Mr Vonnegut's case he needed
       | long-term treatment for his schizophrenia either way, but the
       | marijuana effect was short-term and remedied by just staying the
       | heck away from it. Also worth noting that 30+ years ago the stuff
       | people smoked was much weaker than some of the high-end product
       | you can buy today.
        
       | tremon wrote:
       | So, more schizophrenic people are self-medicating with marijuana
       | now that it's more readily available?
        
         | Ovah wrote:
         | I'm speaking as a medical student. And I can't speak for what
         | it's like in the US - only Sweden. Here it's not uncommon for
         | schizofrenic patients to self medicate with marijuana. I guess
         | it increases their quality of life until they have just a
         | little too much and end up having a psychosis. That said, at
         | least among Swedish psychiatrists, it's well know that
         | marijuana can trigger schizophrenia in people that are ~16
         | years old.
        
           | tomrod wrote:
           | By what pathway is the schizophrenia triggered?
           | 
           | And is the trigger causal or catalytic?
        
             | Ovah wrote:
             | I guess that's the thing with psychiatry: the whole field
             | is pretty far away from basic science, mechanisms etc. My
             | (second hand) understanding is it actually triggers
             | schizofrenia in 16 y.o. people who would not otherwise have
             | gotten it. Not sure if it's clinical experience or if there
             | is data to back it up. The 16 yo-scenario is one of the few
             | medical arguments I've heard for why there should be an age
             | limit on marijuana.
        
         | code_duck wrote:
         | I had a girlfriend with a brother he was schizophrenic. He had
         | a classic break with Ronald Reagan directly addressing him
         | through the television and all that. Like most patients, he did
         | not like the side effects of anti-psychotics. He tended to
         | drink light beer all day. At some point he started smoking
         | cannabis and said it was the only thing that had made the
         | voices go away for him. However, this effect seem to go away
         | with tolerance, which isn't surprising. He also ended up
         | hanging out with a different crowd and starting to smoke crack
         | about six months later, which probably is related to how one
         | was forced to access illegal markets that also sell other drugs
         | to obtain cannabis at that time. Not surprisingly, crack was
         | not good for his schizophrenia. Cannabis, however, seems
         | promising. The way he described it is similar to my experience
         | with pain relief from cannabinoids, which is the unpleasant
         | sensation is still there but you don't pay any attention to it.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | There have been other studies. Here's a summary.[1]
       | 
       |  _From the current data, we can conclude that the
       | tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) component of cannabis can be the main
       | culprit causing psychosis and schizophrenia in the at-risk
       | population. THC can also be the one exacerbating symptoms and
       | causing an adverse prognosis in already diagnosed patients. Even
       | though CBD shows therapeutic effects and THC opposing effects,
       | the data is minimal and low safety and efficacy warrants more
       | research. The relation between cannabis and schizophrenia needs
       | further investigation. We need more case-control studies and
       | clinical trials with a larger population to get conclusive data._
       | 
       | So, something seems to be going on, but there's not enough data
       | yet.
       | 
       | Years from now, the cannabis industry may face the product
       | liability problems the tobacco industry did in the past, and the
       | vaping industry is facing now.[2]
       | 
       | [1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32839678/
       | 
       | [2] https://www.cand.uscourts.gov/judges/orrick-william-h-
       | who/in...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
       | Last I read that an order of magnitude more outbreaks of latent
       | schizophrenia occur with alcohol use, compared to marijuana use.
        
       | bakul wrote:
       | Could it be that schizophrenics are more likely to partake
       | marijuana? Since it is a mental disorder and tends to run in
       | families, the underlying genetics may predispose such people to
       | marijuana, or marijuana may have a stronger effect on such
       | people. That is, a strong correlation should result in a deeper
       | look at this connection rather than directly influence marijuana
       | legalization.
        
       | yawaworht1978 wrote:
       | Another thing I perceived is would isolate themselves from other
       | groups and think of themselves as the cool kids, same with the
       | sporty folks. Then you have just the regular nerds who aren't
       | impressed by either group. For my college class, the following
       | turned true... Group smokers ended on social ladder at the dole
       | or slightly above or below it. Sports group, none of them turned
       | to Messi or Ronaldo or a new Michael Jordan, they held average
       | jobs, did alcohol and other recreational things and created a
       | family. Group nerd all ended up in very prestigious job segments,
       | some with "global head of " etc titles, some of them went through
       | nasty divorces maybe they didn't gain social competence or street
       | wiseness while studying but at least they are economically safe.
       | 
       | My take away lesson was that it's too hard to recover from group
       | 1 and move on.
       | 
       | That is my personal study and that's all I need to know. The
       | scientists can figure out the rest, I don't know how much a
       | factor drugs and alc play, there's always other factors as well.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | Cool story bro!
         | 
         | My hometown is notoriously supportive of cannabis consumption,
         | and one of my high-schools has a well rated jazz programme.
         | 
         | Of my smoking buddies, one is a multimillionaire platinum
         | artist, several are successful and sought-after session
         | musicians, and those are just the music geeks. In general my
         | social cohort have had successful lives, and cannabis doesn't
         | strike me as a relevant variable in that success.
         | 
         | Some of them also fell off and had a hard life. Those tended to
         | be the ones from single-family homes, living on government
         | assistance. Even that wasn't a universal, but in terms of
         | correlation it really stands out.
        
       | CAX wrote:
       | Most obvious schizophrenics i have come across were not drug
       | users and were just frightened supicious people who couldnt
       | navigate a social interaction including but not limited to food
       | deliveries, drug deliveries, buying batteries etc. I think the
       | uptick in noticed drug user psychosis is Related to something Big
       | Bill Orielly warned us about: the confluence of drugs and
       | technology, esp social media, implying not taking care of sleep
       | hygiene at the least, but at the most you are seeing what can
       | only be described as "cyber torture" in which subjects are
       | persuaded by those without hands to become retarded. Thats what
       | this weapon is
        
         | dkn775 wrote:
         | Can you provide a link to oriellys talk on that
        
       | howmayiannoyyou wrote:
       | I suffer from severe restless legs, largely treatment resistant
       | unless I acquiesce to opioids. MJ is the only substance that
       | provides me relief during the worst times - and it takes a LOT to
       | get the effect. Weighing the risks, I am firmly on the side of MJ
       | - at least my 'rescue drug'.
        
       | tr1ll10nb1ll wrote:
       | Is correlation always causation?
        
         | evgen wrote:
         | No, but we are unlikely to find causation without initially
         | noticing a correlation.
        
           | kbelder wrote:
           | Causation correlates with correlation.
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | Unless there is a mediator
             | 
             | H/t Judea Pearl
        
       | oblib wrote:
       | I have some experience with this. My first wife was diagnosed
       | with schizophrenia after birthing a stillborn baby. This was
       | about 14 month after we had our first child. One of her doctors
       | insisted the cause was marijuana, but she really did smoke much
       | at all. I did most everyday though and one of the first questions
       | he asked was if we used it.
       | 
       | I told him I thought it was caused by losing the baby and he
       | insisted that had nothing at all to do with it. I knew for sure
       | he was wrong, but he refused to even consider it. But there was
       | more to it than that.
       | 
       | Her grandmother was clearly schizophrenic, and her mother was
       | probably was too. Just a few months before this her mother told
       | me she "hated" our first child because "she looks like you" (it
       | was me she was referring to).
       | 
       | This was in 1986. 15 years later, in 2001, a woman name Andrea
       | Yates murdered her five children and that was when psychiatrist
       | first diagnosed severe "Post Partum Depression" as the cause of
       | what led her to do that.
       | 
       | During those years in between I had pointed out that connection
       | many times to psychiatrists and everyone of them told me I was
       | wrong and they all loved to make the point that I didn't have the
       | credentials to offer a diagnoses of cause. But what I did have
       | that none of them had was real life experience watching my wife
       | slide into schizophrenia.
       | 
       | Schizophrenia is genetic and stress is a trigger. It often
       | doesn't show up until one is an adult. By that time almost anyone
       | will have taken a puff of weed and if a doctor asks them "have
       | you ever used marijuana" and they say "yes", in my experience it
       | doesn't matter how often, using it just once, even years prior,
       | is enough for them to associate cause and effect.
       | 
       | Truth is you can learn something from anyone if you listen to
       | them. If you don't, you won't. What I learned is psychiatry is
       | still pretty much bullshit and the medical profession still
       | doesn't understand the causes or how to treat schizophrenia
       | effectively. They manage it by giving those suffering with it
       | drugs that are akin to turning their patients into slobbering
       | "zombies" so they can manage them.
        
         | mi3law wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing your experience and I'm sorry for your
         | losses.
         | 
         | I'm taken away by your story and would like to connect, please.
         | I have a similar experience and I'm working on a research
         | project in AI that is related to this. Please drop me a note me
         | aee at berkeley edu I couldn't find your contact info in your
         | profile.
        
         | gsk22 wrote:
         | > "One of her doctors insisted the cause was marijuana..."
         | 
         | Anecdotally, this seems to be a common viewpoint among doctors.
         | As soon as you admit to using marijuana, in any amount, then
         | suddenly any health issues are caused by marijuana. Asthma?
         | Caused by weed. Trouble focusing? Caused by weed. You vomited?
         | Must be cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | "One of her doctors insisted the cause was marijuana..."
         | 
         | "I knew for sure he was wrong, but he refused to even consider
         | it... [even with family history]."
         | 
         | I have seen stuff like this a few times, and it is _usually_
         | the sign of a bad doctor. If there isn 't a positive test for
         | something and you're ignoring other evidence, how can you say
         | it absolutely is one thing or the other. This is extremely
         | common with vaccines when providers say it is _completely_ safe
         | and write off adverse events as unrelated without any evidence
         | to support the claim. Vaccines are _generally_ safe, but
         | adverse reactions can occur. If you have doctors underreporting
         | to the VAERS system, then the system will not catch the rare
         | events because the data is too incomplete to show significance.
         | 
         | Edit: why downvote? Here's a paper acknowledging limitations
         | like under reporting. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15071280/
        
       | hart_russell wrote:
       | I think it's too common a sentiment that psychoactive substances
       | like cannabis and psilocybin are harmless and in fact are good
       | for mental health. I've had adverse mental reactions to both and
       | I would caution people with family history of anxiety.
        
         | omgwtfbbq wrote:
         | It's the same for any chemical. For the vast majority of people
         | penicillin is a life saving antibiotic and for a small
         | percentage it is quite deadly.
        
         | bittercynic wrote:
         | Maybe the people I've discussed this with are not
         | representative, but it seems to me it's widely known that weed
         | can lead to an anxiety event, and psychedelics are sometimes a
         | frightening experience.
         | 
         | Usually you'll be back to normal the next day, but will have
         | had a memorable experience, and sometimes mushrooms produce
         | long-term relief from depression.
         | 
         | I'm definitely not an expert with this, but it seems to me it
         | is often a good idea to take a chance with some carefully
         | chosen drugs.
        
           | fossuser wrote:
           | You're not always back to normal the next day with the more
           | intense hallucinogens. I think bad experiences (or good, but
           | intense experiences) and the longer term psychological
           | recovery from them is often underrepresented online, but it
           | does exist. The risk can be high.
        
             | antihero wrote:
             | I think a bad trip can be a traumatic experience like any
             | other experience.
        
         | remir wrote:
         | A past colleague of mine told me a shocking story. He was a
         | heavy weed smoker (multiple times a day) and one evening
         | couldn't find his weed and as he was searching for it, became
         | increasingly furious.
         | 
         | Eventually, he was so angry that he blanked out. He told me he
         | found himself in a hyper lucid state, but in absolute darkness
         | and in a state of pure dread.
         | 
         | He felt the presense of millions of dead egos that were
         | "roaming" like zombies in this strange environment. Some were
         | screaming like their skin was being pulled from their body,
         | some were tormenting others. A total nighmarish trip.
         | 
         | He was so shocked by this experience that he stop smoking pot
         | that very evening and never touched it again.
        
         | runawaybottle wrote:
         | I suffer from chronic anxiety and the tales of weed just
         | relaxing you sounded like a magic pill. It was one of the most
         | intense anxiety inducing experiences I've ever had. Very
         | unfortunate, but some people seem to manage it well.
         | 
         | If you can barely manage anxiety on your own, weed is is a
         | force multiplier for your fears.
         | 
         | However, I'd be willing to try again in the future as it
         | becomes more available in vape form and try micro dosing it.
         | The smallest hits to see if I can get a modest calmness.
        
           | handrous wrote:
           | > I suffer from chronic anxiety and the tales of weed just
           | relaxing you sounded like a magic pill. It was one of the
           | most intense anxiety inducing experiences I've ever had. Very
           | unfortunate, but some people seem to manage it well.
           | 
           | Low doses (5mg of edible or under, for me) have been
           | _amazing_ for my sleep and (very relatedly) anxiety.
           | 
           | The effect of 10mg of same (yes, I know, that's lightweight
           | amounts still) on an empty stomach were... very different. I
           | can definitely see how that would _induce_ anxiety. The
           | disconnectedness and extreme short-term-memory forgetfulness
           | was certainly alarming. I felt about as impaired as when I
           | 've been pretty damn drunk, but with a much stronger memory-
           | related effect.
           | 
           | Luckily, just going to sleep much earlier than I'd intended
           | solved the problem. Unlike with alcohol, I woke up the next
           | day feeling great, and had, surprisingly, excellent recall of
           | the sequence of events the night before, despite in-the-
           | moment having great difficulty remembering why I was where I
           | was, even.
           | 
           | YMMV, obviously, but now I know to treat an evening with
           | higher doses (should I try that again) as rather less
           | _medicinal_ than a low-dose evening.
        
             | anxiousanon wrote:
             | > The effect of 10mg of same (yes, I know, that's
             | lightweight amounts still) on an empty stomach were... very
             | different.
             | 
             | That's a really good point. I commented elsewhere in this
             | thread, similar experience to you with small doses. I
             | _always_ make sure to take the stuff with food.
        
         | rantwasp wrote:
         | nah. it's not a common sentiment.
         | 
         | people talk about set and setting + harm reduction over and
         | over again.
         | 
         | If you're gonna do a drug and be reckless you're gonna have a
         | bad time.
        
         | anxiousanon wrote:
         | Just as a counter-anecdote. There's depression and anxiety in
         | my family tree, and it has caught up to me too in the last
         | year. Among other remedies, I've experimented with small doses
         | of edibles (they are legal where I live). I don't particularly
         | enjoy the high, but for me it does take the edge off the worst
         | times, without side effects. It lets me at least relax/sleep.
         | (It kind of takes the edge off _everything_ , which is why I
         | don't like it and don't do it recreationally.)
         | 
         | I think this is very much a YMMV situation. I certainly don't
         | recommend it as the only solution. It has been useful _to me_
         | as a medicine, though, in the same way I might take a cough
         | suppressant during a serious cold.
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | Thats kind of a funny analogy - most cough suppressant drugs
           | are either opiates or disassociative - either of which have
           | history of recreational use as well.
        
             | anxiousanon wrote:
             | That's true, interesting point. :) For me they're both
             | strictly medicine though.
        
         | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
         | A lot of marijuana smokers like to pretend weed smoke is
         | somehow less harmful than any other smoke. It's still CO
         | whether it comes from the tobacco or hemp plant. It's still bad
         | and creates a tar residue in your lungs. Any time I bring that
         | up, somehow I become anti-pot even though it's a genuine
         | concern.
         | 
         | Edit: Carbon Monoxide, not Carbon Dioxide. And some additions
         | since this is a tad controversial.
         | 
         | Here is one source - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3340105/
         | 
         | Marijuana inhaled is bad for your body. End of story. Let's not
         | pretend like it's some panacea that the government doesn't want
         | us to know about. It shouldn't be illegal, but a lot of people
         | on here lie to themselves that somehow the harmful effects of
         | CO aren't bad just because it's marijuana. I feel like there is
         | some major cognitive dissonance among pot smokers equivalent to
         | religious people that get upset when you say there is no god.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mkw2000 wrote:
           | There's an abundance of ways to use it that don't involve
           | smoking nowadays
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | I don't think anyone who's serious doesn't think the act of
           | burning organic matter and inhaling it is bad.
           | 
           | That being said, pot simply has a lot less stuff in it than
           | tobacco smoke. Also, almost no one is smoking a pack of day
           | of joints.
           | 
           | Fortunately there are other alternatives too, like sugar free
           | candies.
        
             | olyjohn wrote:
             | You hit the nail on the head. Most people I know will smoke
             | like half a joint in an evening and be done. Maybe take a
             | couple bong rips. You don't sit there and smoke all night
             | long. You'd be passed out long before you'd get through a
             | 20 pack of joints.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, it's super easy to pick up a pack of cigarettes
             | and suck down 5-10 of them in an evening.
             | 
             | Sometimes it feels like people who don't smoke really have
             | to justify it hard. All these justifications they come up
             | with which really aren't even an issue. Maybe they're
             | afraid of it, and don't want to admit it... If you don't
             | wanna smoke it, don't smoke it. There's nothing wrong with
             | that. But some of the reasons I read to not smoke weed are
             | ridiculous.
        
               | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
               | The duration and size of the hit does in fact matter
               | compared to cigarettes.
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3340105/
        
           | bittercynic wrote:
           | It is definitely still bad, but I think there is some truth
           | there because tobacco tobacco is especially, extremely
           | harmful.
        
           | eurasiantiger wrote:
           | And that is why engineers created the vaporizer.
        
             | jborichevskiy wrote:
             | Eh, there's also popcorn lung to worry about. Think the
             | research is still out on this one.
        
               | rjbwork wrote:
               | Is there any research you know of on vaping of cannabis
               | flower at sub-combustion temperatures in relation to
               | popcorn lung (obliterative brochiolitis)?
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | Popcorn lung is called that because of a specific
               | adulterant which is no longer used in nicotine vapes, and
               | was never prevalent in cannabis vapes.
               | 
               | There is also the risk of getting an illegal cannabis
               | cartridge tainted with Vitamin E, which can be avoided
               | completely if one is lucky enough to live under a
               | medicinal or recreational regime.
               | 
               | It can't be said that vaping is completely harmless, but
               | it's safe to say that responsible blends are orders of
               | magnitude less harmful than inhaling smoke.
        
               | eurasiantiger wrote:
               | Note that the parent comment only applies to liquid
               | vaporizers which function identically to "e-juice"
               | nicotine vaporizers (not Juul, which is a nicotine salt
               | vaporizer). The safe ones typically contain cannabinoid
               | extracts in a terpene solution.
               | 
               | There are also vaporizers that use dry plant material
               | directly without liquids, e.g. from Storz&Bickel, Arizer,
               | Pax, etc.
        
               | jborichevskiy wrote:
               | I stand corrected - thanks!
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | I mean, if we want to ignore the additives and difference in
           | typical consumption then sure they are just as bad.
           | 
           | I think you'd get a similar reaction if you said "bikes and
           | motorcycles both have two wheels, thus riding one has all the
           | same risks and dangers as the other". Obviously you'd be
           | right, you can split your skull on either, but you don't go
           | 70+MPH on both.
        
           | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
           | I won't say it's harmless, but there are material
           | differences. Weed is an expectorant. That's why it makes you
           | cough. So it also tends to promote the lung functions that
           | help clean the gunk out, at least partially. Nicotine and the
           | additives in cigarettes on the other hand suppresses these
           | same functions. And lastly, pot smokers don't smoke nearly
           | the same volume as tobacco smokers.
           | 
           | So no, it's not harmless, but it is in fact less harmful,
           | which is why people keep telling you that.
           | 
           | Also, there's plenty of other options for ingesting THC these
           | days.
        
             | jborichevskiy wrote:
             | Also more transparency and a more limited toxic ingredient
             | list in a typical joint than a cigarette. But yes, smoking
             | weed isn't harmless.
        
           | rantwasp wrote:
           | one word: edibles
        
           | morpheos137 wrote:
           | CO also in weed smoke is a hell of a lot more harmful than
           | CO2.
        
             | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
             | I think the evidence of the amount of replies arguing
             | against my comment above goes to show the amount of people
             | that still think weed smoke vs tobacco smoke is still a
             | legitimate argument against "weed smoke is bad for your
             | lungs." It's really funny to see these universally come out
             | of the woodwork every single time this gets brought up.
        
               | morpheos137 wrote:
               | tobacco smoke is worse but obviously no smoke is good for
               | lungs.
        
           | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
           | Weed actually contains anti-inflammatory and anti-
           | carcinogenic components, that's why people say it is
           | healthier then other plants when inhaled. I'm not making this
           | up, please look for it yourself if you care for the full
           | picture and are genuinely interested as to why people say
           | that.
        
             | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
             | This literally reads like a stoner in denial
        
               | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
               | So you don't want to check some facts, you want to stick
               | to your personal opinion, is that what you're saying?
        
               | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
               | It's your obligation to prove me wrong, not prove myself
               | wrong.
        
       | winrid wrote:
       | What about medicated people diagnosed with Schizophrenia that
       | then start smoking?
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | One of my main goals is for real research to occur.
       | 
       | People have been saying or alluding to any psychedelics
       | triggering schizophrenia for a long time.
       | 
       | Like, its almost dismissive and toxic, people want their
       | psychedelics to be safe so bad that they'll tell people "you
       | should have known that your were predisposed to schizophrenia
       | before you took this, therefore your experience is invalid, its
       | safe ya'll!"
       | 
       | Instead of these binary approaches to advocate for legality or
       | illegality, I would just like normal clinical trials done and
       | side effects listed in tiny print at the bottom of the bottle.
       | This shouldn't be that hard of an ask, many approved drugs have
       | "you may get suicidal thoughts and also might randomly die
       | without doing the suicide" as a side effect, which seems worse
       | than schizophrenia and these aren't scheduled drugs at all! Just
       | do the studies and let us know!
        
       | tooktomuch wrote:
       | Long time lurker here. Not sure if this helps the discussion but
       | have actual first hand experience with this. I was a heavy user
       | of marijuana (extremely heavy I would say) from my late 20s to my
       | early 30s. One day in those 30s (combined with significant
       | physical effort that day and heat) smoking my umpteenth spliff of
       | the day led to a complete blackout on a public sidewalk. From
       | that point I began experiencing persistent auditory
       | hallucinations and was eventually diagnosed as schizoaffective. I
       | had no prior expression of schizophrenia and no family history
       | that I am aware of (though there are clearly other family members
       | with some psychological disorders). It is roughly 4 years since
       | the last time I touched marijuana and the auditory hallucinations
       | persist. Still in favor of legalization, but, as with
       | overconsumption of practically anything, it should probably come
       | with clear awareness of the risks involved.
        
       | quickthrowman wrote:
       | I don't buy it. In 2006, tobacco smoking rates among
       | schizophrenics was 90% vs 20% of non-schizophrenics. [0]
       | 
       | Now, does tobacco cause schizophrenia or do schizophrenics seek
       | out tobacco?
       | 
       | Now, s/tobacco/marijuana/g for the above sentence.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-6163.2006...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ahofmann wrote:
       | I know, this isn't scientific, but I met in my life at least 50
       | people who did all kind of drugs and two of them have problems
       | with schizophrenia and both did smoke much more marijuana, than I
       | could ever do or want. Most of the others stopped at some point
       | to do drugs and are now more or less normal people in their
       | society. I know, this says nothing, but I have become careful
       | with marijuana and don't see it as being completely harmless.
       | This being said, I think that alcohol and tobacco are much more
       | dangerous than marijuana.
        
       | szundi wrote:
       | Anything that has an effect has side effects.
        
       | Threeve303 wrote:
       | Reefer Madness
        
       | yawaworht1978 wrote:
       | Maybe not cause directly , but seems to trigger something that
       | was laying dormant. From the smokers I know or knew , it becomes
       | a very addictive habit, where they drift off the norm while
       | stoned or worse, while not stoned.
       | 
       | They're not as annoying as coke heads or tweakers, these are more
       | extrovert and kinda obvious, while smokers are often more silent,
       | God knows what's going on in them.
       | 
       | I wouldn't associate it to weed until it's 100percent proven, to
       | understand the human mind will take a lot more time.
        
       | octokatt wrote:
       | Prevalence of smoking tobacco is also dramatically higher among
       | schizophrenic people [0]. Before marijuana use is demonized for
       | causing schizophrenia, it would be worthwhile to more robustly
       | prove these results.
       | 
       | [0] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19794359/
        
         | ipnon wrote:
         | Nicotine modulating the hyperactive dopaminergic activity of
         | schizophrenics I recall being one hypothesis for this
         | remarkable connection. 90% of schizophrenics smoked tobacco
         | compared to 20% of non-schizophrenics in 2006![0]
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia_and_tobacco_smok...
        
       | NoblePublius wrote:
       | The only thing I can reasonably conclude from this study is that
       | more schizophrenics are using marijuana because marijuana is more
       | available than it used to be. I see no evidence of an increase in
       | the absolute number of schizophrenics relative to the
       | availability of cannabis. Who funded this, the DEA?
        
         | moate wrote:
         | Link to the
         | study:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-
         | abst...
         | 
         | I love that they think that smoking weed is causal to
         | schizophrenia...but aren't considering the opposite.
        
       | DrBenCarson wrote:
       | Obvious I hope, but this doesn't prove anything other than
       | marijuana use has increased.
       | 
       | If the population, independent of other conditions, has an
       | increase in marijuana use disorder, then that same increase would
       | be present in the subset of the population that are diagnosed
       | with schizophrenia or related disorders.
        
       | leroy_masochist wrote:
       | No discussion on this thread yet of the role of AKT1 gene, which
       | I find surprising after 300 comments.
       | 
       | If you have a C/C pair at AKT1, your risk of developing
       | schizophrenia jumps from slightly-below-average if you don't
       | smoke marijuana, to over 7x average if you smoke every day [0].
       | 
       | If you've done 23andMe, you can check your own genotype for this
       | risk.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-
       | reports/mari...
        
       | okareaman wrote:
       | I would like to see a study exploring the decline (if any) of
       | problems from alcohol abuse in states where marijuana became
       | legal. I am fairly certain that if I could have smoked marijuana
       | when I was in the military then I wouldn't have developed an
       | alcohol habit that has caused me so many problems over the years
       | up until the time I quit.
        
         | ipnon wrote:
         | Who doesn't know someone who went crazy from drinking? It's
         | normalized, especially in the military it seems. A major
         | difference between the long term negative effects of the two
         | drugs is that alcoholics seem to mostly recover after some
         | years of sobriety, but former cannabis users can receive
         | incurable disorders like schizophrenia. More simply, the mental
         | disorders of alcohol abuse resist being pathologized, we assign
         | them sociocultural explanations like "he's going through a
         | rough time." Meanwhile, he's clinically depressed, anxious, has
         | mood swings, all direct results of long term alcohol
         | consumption.
        
           | moate wrote:
           | >>but former cannabis users can receive incurable disorders
           | like schizophrenia.
           | 
           | No. This is the problem with pieces like the original
           | article. "Schizophrenia link to marijuana use disorder"
           | sounds VERY similar to what you just said. But they mean
           | completely different things.
           | 
           | 1- This study is specifically noting a correlation (note
           | _not_ causal relation) between 2 disorders, Schizophrenia and
           | marijuana use disorder. Not everyone who drinks is an
           | alcoholic, and not everyone who smokes weed has a disordered
           | relationship with it. The article about the study even points
           | out the methodology shouldn 't be translated to the
           | population at large of pot smokers who don't seek treatment
           | for their usage. 2- The study specifically notes that their
           | results have not been replicated. Their results aren't even
           | really anything other than "we crunched some numbers and
           | found a relationship between 2 things". There are all sorts
           | of great graphs here: https://www.tylervigen.com/spurious-
           | correlations that show exactly how "useful" this information
           | might be.
           | 
           | tl;dr- This study is not saying Schizophrenia can be caused
           | by smoking any amount of weed, but too many people will think
           | it says exactly that.
        
           | okareaman wrote:
           | My official diagnosis is Substance Use Disorder.
           | 
           |  _The DSM 5 recognizes substance-related disorders resulting
           | from the use of 10 separate classes of drugs: alcohol;
           | caffeine; cannabis; hallucinogens (phencyclidine or similarly
           | acting arylcyclohexylamines, and other hallucinogens, such as
           | LSD); inhalants; opioids; sedatives, hypnotics, or
           | anxiolytics; stimulants (including amphetamine-type
           | substances, cocaine, and other stimulants); tobacco; and
           | other or unknown substances._
           | 
           | https://www.verywellmind.com/dsm-5-criteria-for-substance-
           | us...
        
         | rantwasp wrote:
         | Since we're here I would like to see a study linking sugar to
         | the increase of health problems (including mental health).
         | Other drugs are small change compared to sugar.
        
           | okareaman wrote:
           | I recently gave up sugar when I realized I suffered sugar
           | highs/withdrawal depressions and reached for it when I felt
           | anxious, just like a drug.
           | 
           | https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318818
        
             | tudorw wrote:
             | Food As A Machine Gun (Official Lyric Video) - Enemy Radio,
             | Public Enemy
             | 
             | https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tVP1zc0TCtJMra0yD
             | Y...
        
               | okareaman wrote:
               | sugar sugar          call me late at night         by
               | daylight         stomach busted         not feeling right
               | heart burnin'         I need oxygen         sweet and
               | sour more addictive          than your oxycontin
        
       | lrdswrk00 wrote:
       | Maybe more people are borderline schizophrenic than we realize.
       | 
       | Cancer detection improved and people thought that meant cancer
       | rates are up but, to my current knowledge, no one knows which is
       | true.
       | 
       | I'm not going to accept this is marijuana causing schizophrenia
       | given this. Society, their specific DNA, family life, could be,
       | and marijuana use is merely exposing it, and enabling proper
       | diagnosis.
        
       | subpixel wrote:
       | I admit that I was thinking of some armchair diagnoses while
       | watching this interview of Lee Scratch Perry, a man who has
       | probably smoked more weed than most:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czf9nZFBmnw
        
       | kvathupo wrote:
       | As usual, a sensational headline averring a research article's
       | causal hypothesis, of which the PI even calls for
       | reproducibility. Reading such paltry science articles makes me
       | really appreciate papers like Quanta, whose reporters seem to
       | actually have a semblance of domain knowledge.
       | 
       | Indeed, no discussion of the existing link between schizophrenia
       | and tobacco smoking, in conjunction with the increased
       | availability of marijuana?
        
         | gwern wrote:
         | The population level prevalence is where we should see this. If
         | cannabis really did _cause_ SCZ, as opposed to merely being
         | self-medication, general drug use dysfunctionality, or possibly
         | just accelerating SCZ onset but not increasing total cases, we
         | should see incredibly high rates in recreational legalizing
         | jurisdictions where prevalence is now a large fraction of the
         | population. Instead, buried at the end, we get
         | 
         | "The findings could help explain the "general increase in the
         | incidence of schizophrenia that has been observed in recent
         | years" and provides some support that the "long-observed
         | association between cannabis and schizophrenia is likely
         | partially causal in nature," the study said."
         | 
         | OK then...
        
           | da_big_ghey wrote:
           | not in necesity: maybe heavy users are using with or without
           | law, maybe law mostly causing casual users to use it but not
           | many more heavy ones. If then only heavy use is cause
           | schizofrenia, we maybe are not seeing a great growth of
           | rates.
        
           | trutannus wrote:
           | > If cannabis really did cause SCZ, as opposed to merely
           | being self-medication, general drug use dysfunctionality, or
           | possibly just accelerating SCZ onset but not increasing total
           | cases, we should see incredibly high rates in recreational
           | legalizing jurisdictions where prevalence is now a large
           | fraction of the population
           | 
           | So basically, let's keep watching Canada's national
           | legalization and Switzerland's targeted trials to see what
           | the population level impact is.
        
         | ignostic wrote:
         | > of which the PI even calls for reproducibility
         | 
         | You mean like every study I've ever read? I can't recall the
         | last time the conclusion didn't say something like, "In our
         | study X appears to be associated with Y, but more research is
         | needed to understand the relationship."
         | 
         | You're right, though, that this article leaves many questions
         | unasked. We know that people who are schizophrenic are far more
         | likely to smoke cigarettes, but there is evidence to suggest
         | they're more likely to smoke before their first episode as
         | well. So is tobacco causal? Probably not. Instead, there are
         | probably precursor symptoms to diagnosable schizophrenia that
         | drive tobacco use: anxiety being the main one. Anxiety and
         | marijuana has already been studied with conflicting results,
         | probably because it's hard to determine out whether people with
         | anxiety are drawn to marijuana (or heavier usage) or whether
         | heavy usage causes anxiety.
         | 
         | There are reasons to think marijuana use can cause
         | schizophrenic episodes - sometimes a first episode - but that
         | use may not increase the risk of developing the disorder when
         | viewed in a 20-year window. In other words, it happens sooner.
         | So according to the article the number of schizophrenia cases
         | linked to cannabis use disorder increased by 4x. I'd like to
         | know whether schizophrenia diagnoses overall changed
         | significantly.
         | 
         | I am not saying there are no risks. But I am agreeing that the
         | article does a bad job of analyzing the science.
        
       | jxramos wrote:
       | Reminds me of the opening to this article by a journalist having
       | a casual chat with this wife (a psychiatrist at a state mental
       | institution) one evening where she stated in passing: _Of course
       | he'd been smoking pot his whole life._
       | 
       | https://imprimis.hillsdale.edu/marijuana-mental-illness-viol...
       | 
       | I've been meaning to read further about that connection because
       | like the author I had never heard of that idea before and
       | everything before it was like taken to be Reefer Madness
       | paranoia.
        
       | throw420420 wrote:
       | I would take this with a grain of salt. Research on illegal
       | substances is highly restricted.
       | 
       | That said, a friend of mine developed a psychosis after using
       | Marijuana while he was still a teenager. Although there had been
       | cases of Psychosis in his family before, not Marijuana induced
       | though. It stopped eventually but came back years after when he
       | took other drugs as well combined with a very stressful life
       | situation, things went downhill afterwards.
       | 
       | That's already years ago, but my understanding that I got from
       | reading articles about this topic at the time was that this
       | activated some sort of latent psychosis. I also read about a
       | proposal to introduce a "Cannabis driver's license" that could be
       | made at a pharmacy. So people would be able to check _before_
       | they take it. There are also people that feel positive effects of
       | Marijuana, me included.
        
       | grouphugs wrote:
       | cnn is not here to tell the truth, never has been, never will be.
       | two of their reporters just got paid hundreds of millions of
       | nazibuxxx to literally keep spilling bullshit on cnn. bye jeff
       | bezos.
       | 
       | some idiots figured out that people who deal with schizophrenia
       | also smoke pot. there's nothing else in that article.
       | 
       | the rest of this is just regular abrahamic nazi propaganda, gas-
       | lighting, attrition, and other harmful things.
       | 
       | even in this thread, these pompous egotistical white supremacist
       | clowns show just how little they care and just how little they
       | know. the levels of gas-lighting in this thread is a type of
       | culture hacker news promotes.
       | 
       | even worse than the microaggression and targeting, they're making
       | it more difficult for people who actually have to deal with this
       | disorder to find treatment, help, and acceptance in this fascist
       | society which already makes it too difficult. even worse, some of
       | these dipshits are lying about their own annecdotes and the
       | circumstances surrounding them because they're ashamed and guilty
       | for what they've done.
       | 
       | fuck off
        
       | subsubzero wrote:
       | I don't know about schizophrenia and marijuana use, but a ER Dr.
       | friend of mine always complains about the amount of people she
       | sees that have a condition where their body can't handle the weed
       | they regularly smoke. The symptoms are always the same, extremely
       | belligerent, violently sick(constant vomiting), and very
       | nauseous. She says that sometimes its the same people as they
       | just don't get that weed is making them really sick(stopping
       | smoking makes the symptoms go away). For some reason the media
       | never reports on this but if you know someone in the medical
       | field(ER etc) ask them and they will tell you the same thing. I
       | found this medical paper about the issue:
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5330965/
        
         | code_duck wrote:
         | This was discussed a lot in the cannabis community a few years
         | ago though the topic seems to have died down. The consensus
         | among people heavily involved in cannabis is that it is related
         | to overuse of neem oil, an organic pesticide. Some growers had
         | been using neem very liberally without keeping in mind that the
         | active ingredients are toxic to humans. The toxicity of neem
         | seems to be in line with the effects of cyclical
         | vomiting/hypermesis. So, it has been a thing to shun and shame
         | people using that pesticide for a few years.
        
         | zwkrt wrote:
         | Hyperemesis is definitely real, and eventually affects 1/3 of
         | heavy weed smokers. A lover of mine had to self-diagnose
         | because their doctor wasn't aware.
         | 
         | The crazy part is as that smoking weed ameliorated the symptoms
         | in the short term, so there is a strong psychological
         | reinforcement to keep smoking even though it is actually
         | causing the background symptoms.
        
       | dcolkitt wrote:
       | One potential confounding factor is the massive drop in smoking
       | rates, particularly among those in the prime age for
       | schizophrenia onset.
       | 
       | The evidence seems to strongly indicate that nicotine is a
       | powerful antipsychotic. When smoking was widespread it's possible
       | that many schizophrenics were self-medicating in a basically
       | effective way. The trend is probably particularly acute among
       | cannabis users. 40 years, I'd expect that nearly all cannabis
       | smokers were cigarette smokers. (Non-smoke consumption being
       | essentially a rounding error back then.) Nowadays the sizable
       | majority of cannabis users probably don't smoke cigarettes
       | whatsoever.
        
       | solutron wrote:
       | Whatever underlying mental state you have running in the
       | background will come to surface when you use psychedelics.
       | Marijuana is a mild psychedelic. Many people seem to be under the
       | impression we should live free from scary thoughts, dark
       | thoughts, things that make us worry or anxious. This is all part
       | of the human condition though and as long as these states are
       | transitory and lead to positive change they're not "bad".
       | Recognize there's a time and place for everything. If bringing
       | these things to the surface helps you grow and deal with things
       | in your life, even if it's scary, good. If not, then stop
       | ingesting / smoking it. Really simple. People seem to want things
       | to be good or bad when in fact the state of isness really just
       | is. It's not good or bad. It just is. What you make of it, how
       | you live your life is what matters. If you smoke weed and it
       | helps your back pain, or if it helps you think about your
       | feelings and deal with something you've been putting off, that
       | can be "good". If you smoke it and have heart palpitations and
       | freak out about taxes that can be "bad" but the weed hasn't
       | changed, it's just brought something to the surface. Our minds
       | are complicated. Especially now, in a culture where we're
       | overloaded with information, entertainment, manufactured outrage,
       | and expectations about what we should or shouldn't be, all
       | compared to thousands of other things. How can anyone, smoking
       | weed or not, expect to be sane or live a simple life that doesn't
       | lead to mental health problems?
        
       | Sunspark wrote:
       | I think part of the problem is that people are using the wrong
       | stuff. My personal preference is for milder balanced strains that
       | are about 50% CBD, or CBD-only strains. The THC-only strains tend
       | to have been bred to be strong and if you are not careful, many
       | will trigger anxiety etc. CBD modulates or stops this effect.
       | Often you can repair a problematic THC-only strain by mixing it
       | 1:1 or 1:2 with CBD.
       | 
       | If you live in a legal jurisdiction, please do try a balanced
       | and/or cbd-only strain if you are someone who has had problems
       | with anxiety from many thc-only strains.
        
       | jefftechentin wrote:
       | Seems like we are leaving the cultural moment that presented
       | Marijuana as a glorious panacea which would open your third eye
       | if only you let go of your fear. Our culture was so scared of the
       | stuff before, maybe we needed to paint an unrealistically bright
       | picture to find the courage to leave the cave.
       | 
       | To the unfamiliar it can be a thrilling adventure, to others it
       | can serve as inspiration. It feels like it has mental costs
       | though. Being wary of regular recreational use seems warranted.
        
         | slumpt_ wrote:
         | No reason to be wary of recreational use. No more so than you
         | might of caffeine.
         | 
         | Not everything is for everyone and that's 100% ok.
        
           | jefftechentin wrote:
           | > No reason to be wary of recreational use. No more so than
           | you might of caffeine
           | 
           | You should be wary of caffeine use, especially if your
           | culture does not have any rules about its use, or complete
           | enough understanding about its effects. We like drugs because
           | they work, but the problem is we do not know what they do
           | over larger timescales or how to fit them into your life.
           | Weed is a relative newbie in the average American's life and
           | we would be silly to not respect the drug enough to be wary.
        
       | SubiculumCode wrote:
       | During brain development ~< 25, I recommend against indulging in
       | marijuana. It is a psychoactive drug that can alter developmental
       | growth processes with long-term consequences. Well into
       | adulthood, expression of many of the genes regulating development
       | are suppressed, and thus the means for structural change are more
       | limited; thus adults tend to be more resilient to psychoactive
       | exposures.
        
       | mcguire wrote:
       | Original paper: "Development Over Time of the Population-
       | Attributable Risk Fraction for Cannabis Use Disorder in
       | Schizophrenia in Denmark"
       | (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abst...)
       | 
       | " _Question Has the population-attributable risk fraction for
       | cannabis use disorder in schizophrenia increased over time, as
       | would be expected with increasing use and potency of cannabis?_
       | 
       | " _Findings In this Danish nationwide, register-based cohort
       | study, the population-attributable risk fraction for cannabis use
       | disorder in schizophrenia increased from approximately 2% in the
       | period to 1995 to approximately 6% to 8% since 2010._
       | 
       | " _Meaning These findings may indicate that cannabis use
       | disorders are associated with an increase in the proportion of
       | cases of schizophrenia._
       | 
       | "* The results from these longitudinal analyses show the
       | proportion of cases of schizophrenia associated with cannabis use
       | disorder has increased 3- to 4-fold during the past 2 decades,
       | which is expected given previously described increases in the use
       | and potency of cannabis. This finding has important ramifications
       | regarding legalization and control of use of cannabis.*"
        
       | pm90 wrote:
       | Instinctively skeptical of mainstream news orgs that report on
       | scientific studies without linking to the actual study.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jl2718 wrote:
       | We should all consider what kinds of delusions we've conditioned
       | into our brains, and how that might affect our attitudes and
       | opinions. Maybe be a little less certain that the right way to
       | think just so happens to be the only way that is accessible to us
       | personally.
        
       | dna_polymerase wrote:
       | Direct link to the journal:
       | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abst...
        
       | mullingitover wrote:
       | I've seen someone have a textbook psychotic break while consuming
       | a lot of cannabis. Radio was sending them secret messages,
       | coworkers were government spies, believed they were Jesus (and
       | normally they'd been a confirmed atheist).
       | 
       | As soon as the cannabis consumption stopped, the psychosis
       | stopped. They started smoking again, symptoms came back.
       | 
       | I'd also done some googling to try to understand why some people
       | have panic attacks, and there seems to be a link to cannabis and
       | hypoglycemia for some people. Hypoglycemia can cause: psychosis
       | and panic attacks.
        
         | code_duck wrote:
         | It would be interesting to know more about the hypoglycemia
         | link. I contracted type one diabetes as an adult, somehow, and
         | was hesitant to try anything for the first time after that
         | including alcohol or cannabis. I wear a continuous glucose
         | monitor and as far as I can tell, cannabis has no effect on my
         | blood glucose.
        
           | mullingitover wrote:
           | There's this study published in _Diabetes Care_ [1],
           | "Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and
           | Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in
           | Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind,
           | Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study".
           | 
           | > RESULTS Compared with placebo, THCV significantly decreased
           | fasting plasma glucose (estimated treatment difference [ETD]
           | = -1.2 mmol/L; P < 0.05) and improved pancreatic b-cell
           | function (HOMA2 b-cell function [ETD = -44.51 points; P <
           | 0.01]), adiponectin (ETD = -5.9 x 106 pg/mL; P < 0.01), and
           | apolipoprotein A (ETD = -6.02 mmol/L; P < 0.05), although
           | plasma HDL was unaffected. Compared with baseline (but not
           | placebo), CBD decreased resistin (-898 pg/ml; P < 0.05) and
           | increased glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (21.9
           | pg/ml; P < 0.05). None of the combination treatments had a
           | significant impact on end points. CBD and THCV were well
           | tolerated.
           | 
           | [1] https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/39/10/1777.long
        
         | ajkjk wrote:
         | I've known a few people that this happens to. Not sure it's the
         | same as long-term schizophrenia but there's definitely
         | similarities.
        
       | michaelmrose wrote:
       | No understood method that marijuana could possibly cause the
       | condition check. Trivially comprehensible in terms of increasing
       | usage or increasing admission of usage check.
       | 
       | > our findings will have to be replicated elsewhere
       | 
       | Check
       | 
       | > "long-observed association between cannabis and schizophrenia
       | is likely partially causal in nature,"
       | 
       | Weasel words.
       | 
       | If they had printed their article on toilet paper at least it
       | would be good for something.
        
         | TechBro8615 wrote:
         | Rolling papers might be a better medium.
        
         | 52-6F-62 wrote:
         | Too many people might be at risk of contentment and their own
         | personal happiness if we let up now.
        
         | ajkjk wrote:
         | Sneering at the article doesn't really make your case more
         | convincing. Instead it just seems like it provoked an overly-
         | defensive reaction.
        
           | michaelmrose wrote:
           | The article is so bad it actually denigrates the publication
           | by its existence and lends unearned weight to the degenerates
           | criticism of CNN. I don't personally have a dog in the fight.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | If you want to see mental health problems, force people into
       | social isolation for 18months, tell them strangers can kill them
       | by not hiding their faces, food and surfaces are contaminated,
       | there is conspiracy to eugenicize them encoded in history books
       | and symbols, words don't mean what they think they do, truth is
       | what you make it, their neighbours are part of a plot, reinforce
       | the filter bubbles of the information they consume, elevate and
       | exalt unstable personalities, debase the media of the culture
       | they trusted, reveal that their electronics are spying on them,
       | and wait for it - then give them access to cheap and plentiful
       | THC concentrates on every corner. How do you think that's going
       | to play out? It's a perfect storm.
       | 
       | Some of my close friends are among what I call the professionally
       | sane (they work in mental health) and they seem as susceptable to
       | delusion and paranoia as anyone. I don't worry about being crazy
       | anymore, as when you see what the bar is, I only need to be be
       | less crazy than most of everyone else. 80th percentile is
       | sufficient for most purposes. Post pandemic, mental health isn't
       | something you manage or exercise, it's just a poker game.
       | 
       | Like a fox. ;)
        
       | random_kris wrote:
       | This devil's lettuce... I quit daily 24/7 smoking 10 days ago
       | after 6 years of constant smoke. I smoked on 2 occasions with
       | friends since then and I liked it...
       | 
       | It makes me calm but lazy and not wanting to socialize. When I'm
       | high I want to quit but when I am not high I am quite anxious and
       | always looking for something to ease me up...
        
       | macksd wrote:
       | >> In 1995, 2% of schizophrenia diagnoses in the country were
       | associated with cannabis use disorder. In 2000, it increased to
       | around 4%. Since 2010, that figure increased to 8%, the study
       | found.
       | 
       | Worded that way, causation isn't the first thing this suggests to
       | me. If percentage of cases associated with marijuana rise, it
       | could also be that a larger percentage of the population is
       | smoking and admitting to smoking marijuana regularly. If cases
       | themselves rise, it could also be increases in the percentage of
       | cases that actually get diagnosed, etc.
       | 
       | It could very well be that marijuana puts you at higher risk of
       | schizophrenia - I certainly have an acquaintance in mind for whom
       | recreational drug usage seems to have led them to a paranoid and
       | narcissistic personality described here in other comments - but
       | the connection in this article feels weak. Certainly weaker than
       | the connection we see between marijuana law enforcement and the
       | negative fallout of that.
        
         | wydfre wrote:
         | Could you go into detail about "paranoid and narcissistic
         | personality" specifically the narcissistic personality - I have
         | not heard of that.
        
           | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
           | I would imagine this is not a medical assessment but a more
           | liberal, laymen use of the words paranoid and narcissistic.
           | 
           | After all, MJ does alter the mind and broadens the worldview
           | so to say, which could be called paranoid through a certain
           | lens, and also dulls the senses and makes more tolerant for
           | micro signs and non-verbal communication, which could be
           | called, with some exaggeration, more narcisstic.
        
           | macksd wrote:
           | Narcissism probably isn't the right word for me to be using
           | here. It was on my mind because of this comment, where there
           | happens to be more discussion of it:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27920152. And it
           | happened to fit the case I was thinking of at the time. But
           | it probably shouldn't be part of my original comment.
           | Specifically what I'm referring to is an integral part of
           | paranoia: someone thinking that, while long-term unemployed
           | and living with their parents in their 40s, they are so "in
           | the loop" as to be aware of conspiracies and such a threat to
           | those conspiracies that they're a target. I have a hard time
           | not equating that attitude with a little bit of narcissism,
           | though again - probably not the right word to have used when
           | discussing specific disorders.
        
         | bombadilo wrote:
         | Sorry, but the suggestion that marijuanna use leads to
         | narcissistic personality disorder is absurd.
        
         | rhizome wrote:
         | When this kind of thing has come up before ("pot causes mental
         | illness"), IIRC it turns out more that _people with schizoid
         | disorders_ are self-medicating with pot before getting
         | diagnosed, rather than having taken harder drugs, alcohol, etc.
         | The classic reversed-arrow of causation.
        
           | oceanghost wrote:
           | This is the correct answer here in the same way that the
           | prevalence of ADHD is about 2x as likely in the population of
           | meth addicts as the general population.
        
           | cornel_io wrote:
           | Worse, the "classic" studies that claim to show the
           | connection between use and schizoid disorders claim to adjust
           | for this, but use a method that is _completely_ wrong, and
           | would be expected to show the same effect for any disease
           | where diagnosis reliability at the start is less than 100%
           | 
           | I don't remember the exact details anymore, but more or less
           | they claim to address causation by 1) starting with a non-
           | schizophrenic population, 2) segmenting by marijuana use, and
           | 3) evaluating schizophrenic status N years later. The theory
           | is that by limiting 1) to non-schizophrenics, they've
           | factored out the possibility that schizophrenia drives drug
           | use rather than the other way around.
           | 
           | Of course, most schizophrenics are not actually diagnosed
           | until _waaaay_ past the point where they are showing
           | symptoms, and if you 've ever known a schizophrenic who was
           | diagnosed in college, for instance, you know that that
           | diagnosis usually comes at the end of a _long_ chain of
           | subtle and not so subtle mental issues, shrink appointments,
           | and life problems that start much earlier but don 't present
           | as full blown schizophrenia. So the whole supposed filter in
           | 1) is complete trash, and they're probably including a lot of
           | people who are already symptomatic, just not to a clinically
           | diagnosable degree.
        
           | southeastern wrote:
           | That could be a part of it, but there is a documented effect
           | of marijuana "triggering" mental illness in those who are
           | susceptible to mental illness. For a certain portion of the
           | population marijuana use will directly lead to the onset of
           | mental illness
        
         | SquishyPanda23 wrote:
         | > It could very well be that marijuana puts you at higher risk
         | of schizophrenia
         | 
         | More likely, marijuana use accelerates the development of
         | schizophrenia among people already at risk.
         | 
         | > it could also be increases in the percentage of cases that
         | actually get diagnosed, etc.
         | 
         | This is generally a valid stock response to these sorts of
         | studies. But it strikes me as a bit unlikely that there was
         | previously a large amount of undiagnosed schizophrenia.
         | 
         | (Unless we have broadened the definition recently).
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | > But it strikes me as a bit unlikely that there was
           | previously a large amount of undiagnosed schizophrenia.
           | 
           | Why would that be unlikely?
        
           | whynaut wrote:
           | > But it strikes me as a bit unlikely that there was
           | previously a large amount of undiagnosed schizophrenia.
           | 
           | As another commenter pointed out, US health insurance did not
           | typically cover mental insurance until relatively recently,
           | making diagnosis impossible for many.
        
           | mnowicki wrote:
           | also it's 2% "of diagnosis" connected to marijuana use. So
           | the difference would be if marijuana use is more commonly
           | known/reported, regardless of whether they have 100 or 10000
           | diagnosis
        
           | steego wrote:
           | I think the increase in cases is more likely to be explained
           | by a number of factors:
           | 
           | 1. THC concentrations have increased which usually means
           | there is less CBD. 2. Legalization probably increased casual
           | use. 3. People who suffer from schizophrenia are simply more
           | likely to be diagnosed for whatever reason.
           | 
           | The sum of these three things could easily account for a
           | significant increase in diagnosis.
           | 
           | Sometimes increases in diagnosis correlate with better
           | detection. Sometimes they correlate with incentives to
           | diagnose people. I'm not even suggesting a nefarious
           | connection. Sometimes incentives with the best intentions can
           | have a big impact.
        
             | Weebs wrote:
             | The high THC and lack of CBD in today's strains is
             | concerning (to me) honestly. I'm worried that a lot of the
             | data we've seen in the past about chronic cannabis use
             | being relatively safe may not apply when THC/CBD ratios
             | approach 50:1, since CBD and other cannabinoids counter act
             | some of THCs effects.
        
               | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
               | Criminalizing is a big part of this problem. With
               | "medical" weed you can carefully chose a fitting strain
               | just to your liking and condition, like indica for
               | calming and sativa for inspiring effect, in hundreds of
               | nuances even. But no. Too much money to be made for some
               | groups from this prohibition. Can't have that, denied.
        
               | tolbish wrote:
               | The equivalent is alcohol being prohibited leading to
               | everyone drinking 180 proof smuggled moonshine that makes
               | you go blind.
        
         | HillRat wrote:
         | The study is also highly sensitive to the way drug use
         | disorders are classified by behavioral health professionals,
         | particularly due to the changing criteria of various DSM
         | editions. I'd want to look at the underlying dataset to see if
         | they've properly accounted for exogenous effects like that.
        
         | whall6 wrote:
         | Either way, it's not really a risk I want to take
        
         | wutbrodo wrote:
         | Yea, this is a very bizarre framing. I understand that
         | researchers hypothesize that a Marijuana-driven causal link is
         | possible, but theres a well-established, strong causal effect
         | in the other direction that first needs to be controlled for.
         | In that light, the statistic is framed very dishonestly in the
         | article.
         | 
         | (Though perhaps dishonesty isn't the correct word to use here:
         | I don't have a high prior on the journalist even understanding
         | this complaint)
        
           | mnowicki wrote:
           | I have literally seen an article before that said
           | prodromal(pre/early onset) schizophrenia leads to Marijuana
           | use, and I remember wondering at the time how they knew which
           | way the causation went.
           | 
           | I'm also not sure if it's journalists wanting to push one
           | narrative over the other, or just a lack of understanding.
        
             | wutbrodo wrote:
             | I wouldn't be terribly surprised if it was both. What's
             | dishonest/incompetent is the framing of changes like the
             | statistic as if the causal direction is clear, without
             | addressing the (to my mind more plausible) opposite causal
             | direction.
             | 
             | Cigarette smoking also has a heavy association with
             | schizophrenia, but the biases we have about it don't lend
             | themselves to the kind of sloppy causality that you see
             | with marijuana. I know you can legitimize biases by calling
             | them priors, but then you need to show your work: those
             | priors themselves should be based in harder data and
             | explicitly referenced.
             | 
             | Otherwise, sloppy science (and reporting) become
             | indistinguishable from considered priors.
        
         | qayxc wrote:
         | I agree, there's just too many variables here.
         | 
         | The drug itself also changed over the years with current breeds
         | having way more active ingredients than the ones used decades
         | ago.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | This part is easy to overstate.
           | 
           | It's mostly true for the United States, although even back in
           | the day there were strains (Maui was famous for this) which
           | had nice crystals and were grown without males around to
           | spoil the product.
           | 
           | In Europe, hashish was the normal form of cannabis, and it's
           | hard to make hash more potent than it already is. It varies
           | in quality and strength like any natural product, but over a
           | range that is higher than a flower can achieve, pretty much
           | by definition.
           | 
           | Hard-core concentrates and pure THC products are new, sure,
           | but hashish gets you most of the way there.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | Weebs wrote:
             | I don't worry about the increased concentration of
             | cannabinoids, but I do worry about the trend towards
             | extremely high THC content while other cannabinoids like
             | CBD are barely present.
        
             | steego wrote:
             | I don't think it's overstating it.
             | 
             | You explain it well enough yourself. The was a wide gap of
             | difference hash in Europe in the 90's vs your average weed
             | in the US. All too often the stuff in the US would barely
             | get you high whereas a few tokes of hash would be pretty
             | intense.
             | 
             | Sure, you always had special strains, but they were the
             | exception. Now the strains and derived products is
             | competitive with hash and you have to be careful.
        
             | bjourne wrote:
             | According to studies, cannabis potency has indeed
             | increasedi n Europe in the last few decades. See An
             | overview of cannabis potency in Europe (https://www.emcdda.
             | europa.eu/publications/insights/cannabis-...) and
             | Increasing potency and price of cannabis in Europe, 2006-16
             | (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.14525).
             | From the abstract of the latter study:
             | 
             | "Resin potency increased from a mean [95% confidence
             | interval (CI)] of 8.14% THC (6.89, 9.49) in 2006 to 17.22
             | (15.23, 19.25) in 2016. Resin price increased from 8.21
             | euros/g (7.54, 8.97) to 12.27 (10.62, 14.16). Resin
             | increased in value, from 11.00 mg THC per euro (8.60,
             | 13.62) to 16.39 (13.68, 19.05). Quadratic time trends for
             | resin potency and value indicated minimal change from 2006
             | to 2011, followed by marked increases from 2011 to 2016.
             | Herbal cannabis potency increased from 5.00% THC (3.91,
             | 6.23) to 10.22 (9.01, 11.47). Herbal price increased from
             | 7.36 euros/g (6.22, 8.53) to 12.22 (10.59, 14.03). The
             | value of herbal cannabis did not change from 12.65 mg of
             | THC per euro (10.18, 15.34) to 12.72 (10.73, 14.73). All
             | price trends persisted after adjusting for inflation.
             | 
             | Conclusions European cannabis resin and herbal cannabis
             | increased in potency and price from 2006 to 2016. Cannabis
             | resin (but not herbal cannabis) increased in the quantity
             | of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol per euro spent. Marked increases
             | in resin potency and value from 2011 to 2016 are consistent
             | with the emergence of new resin production techniques in
             | European and neighbouring drug markets."
             | 
             | Certainly, the potency is much higher than it was in the
             | 1960's and 1970's.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | Anecdotally, I've heard in the 60s and 70s generally
               | people would just smoke a lot more weed in a single
               | sitting than today. Several joints to a person of harsh
               | brick weed vs. half of one with decent modern weed, for
               | example.
        
               | subpixel wrote:
               | Anecdotally, half a joint of weed purchased from a legal,
               | recreational shop is enough to get a dozen people stoned
               | into the ground, unless they are regular users of the
               | stuff.
        
               | BizarroLand wrote:
               | I moved to a recreational state and I tried a single
               | puff. I was almost instantly high. Prior to this I had
               | not used marijuana since I was a stupid teenager doing
               | stupid stuff, so it had been over a decade since the last
               | time.
               | 
               | When it was available back then it was always some low
               | quality dirt weed that you could smoke for days and still
               | function on.
               | 
               | With the legal recreational stuff, I was so blasted out
               | of my mind that I couldn't hold a conversation. I had a
               | mild panic attack because of slow playing music, and was
               | high for the rest of the night. It was not fun, it was
               | scary.
               | 
               | Maybe my tolerance has decreased, sure, but the strength
               | differences in modern recreational weed are so severe
               | that they probably should not be considered to be the
               | same drug any longer.
               | 
               | If what was available to me as a teenager was like beer,
               | the new stuff starts at vodka and goes way past
               | Everclear.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Yes. Typically when I was young, you kept smoking until
               | you reached the desired level of intoxication then
               | stopped. Do people do it differently now?
        
               | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
               | Exactly. The narrative of the "stronger, more
               | dangerous(!) weed" falls short because consumers have
               | always, and will always, micro-dose. That's just the
               | human way to do it. You don't drink 1l of water when you
               | are thirsty, you drink until the body tells you it is
               | enough. You don't eat until the food is empty (ok well,
               | sometimes we do..), you eat until you are full.
               | 
               | I find it disappointing the same'ol propaganda reappear
               | still today for MJ...now all left to do is to find out
               | who sponsored the study this time and dictated the
               | outcome...
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | To be fair, if someone gets to the point that they're
               | dabbing concentrates, the minimum dose is pretty damn
               | high, and it's easy to overdo it. If a casual smoker made
               | the mistake of smoking a dab, they might be in for a
               | surprise.
               | 
               | Many of the vape pens are also extremely potent, and it's
               | even easier to overuse those.
               | 
               | I'm not saying the old propaganda has any value, but I do
               | think it's a lot easier than many think to level up to
               | "heavy use" very quickly with modern offerings.
               | 
               | But even at insanely high concentrations, you're still
               | most likely to just have a bad time, not get seriously
               | injured.
               | 
               | This should be addressed by education though, not
               | regulation/propaganda.
        
               | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
               | Ok I was commenting on the false narrative of stronger
               | weed strains causing overdosing. If we talk about
               | concentrates that's a different situation I agree.
        
               | bjourne wrote:
               | I find it disappointing and disheartening that you are
               | dismissing peer-reviewed studies as "propaganda". Your
               | argumentation is not that different from the one used by
               | climate change deniers.
               | 
               | The first study is commissioned by the European
               | Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and the
               | second was funded by a Senior Academic Fellowship from
               | the Society for the Study of Addiction.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Peer reviewed studies disagree and dismiss each other all
               | the time. Peer reviewed studies are often "propaganda".
               | Peer review guarantees certain minimal bar and that your
               | general structure is sane. Reproducibility and actual
               | results are not necessary validated.
               | 
               | The larger scientific discussion where study is confirmed
               | is after peer review.
               | 
               | On HN, they are specifically disagreed with super often.
               | Especially anything "softer" It is not like it was taboo.
        
               | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
               | Neither your ad hominem attacks, nor "peer reviewed", nor
               | the implied credibility of the funding impresses me in
               | the slightest... You think state or commision funded
               | studies cannot be biased?
        
               | PhasmaFelis wrote:
               | That's _very_ much not universal. Some people use
               | moderation, some people go crazy on it. It 's always been
               | that way, for anything. There are drinkers who will have
               | a couple of drinks, get pleasantly buzzed, and enjoy
               | their evening, and there's people who get completely
               | smashed every time. Same thing for food--over 40% of
               | Americans are obese now.
               | 
               | It would be very surprising if there _weren 't_ (at
               | least) a substantial minority of weed-smokers who have
               | trouble knowing when to stop.
        
               | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
               | Reckless people abusing substances is not a sound
               | argumment against the substances.
               | 
               | With food the issue is how our body is tricked to not
               | feel full when in fact through more sugar and fat he got
               | way too much calories. Then getting addiced to sugar and
               | fat. While of course very problematic, that's a different
               | matter, not directly comparable.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | That wouldn't change with a more or less potent strain,
               | though. People will use until desired effects are
               | reached. An alcoholic might drink a liter of vodka in a
               | sitting to get hammered, but they aren't going to drink
               | only a liter of beer if they were drinking beer, they
               | will drink an entire case of beer to get to the desired
               | effects.
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | _" The narrative of the "stronger, more dangerous(!)
               | weed" falls short because consumers have always, and will
               | always, micro-dose. That's just the human way to do it.
               | You don't drink 1l of water when you are thirsty, you
               | drink until the body tells you it is enough."_
               | 
               | That's not always true -- especially among new, naive
               | users.
               | 
               | I knew someone who for their first time smoked an entire
               | joint because they thought that was a single dose.
               | 
               | Unsurprisingly, they had a bad time because they
               | basically overdosed... and that was more than a decade
               | ago, when cannabis was significantly less potent than it
               | is now.
               | 
               | I'm sure there are plenty of new users today who repeat
               | the same mistake with dire (psychological) consequences.
        
               | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
               | Right, I made more hidden assumptions, I was not thinking
               | of first-timers. If legalized, this could be better
               | controlled, similar to alcohol. The information could
               | also be more honest.
               | 
               | Of course there are also alcohol first-timers who get
               | abolutely shit-faced, that's a really bad trip as well.
               | Probably also some who die of alcohol poisoning.
               | 
               | I'm curious, why did you say "dire (psychological)
               | consequences", what do you mean by that?
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | There was not much testing of cannabis in the 60s and
               | 70s, so we can only speculate about how potent it was
               | back then.
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | > _Worded that way, causation isn 't the first thing this
         | suggests to me. If percentage of cases associated with
         | marijuana rise, it could also be that a larger percentage of
         | the population is smoking and admitting to smoking marijuana
         | regularly. If cases themselves rise, it could also be increases
         | in the percentage of cases that actually get diagnosed, etc._
         | 
         | I think this is a good explanation. It's also important to
         | acknowledge that norms around marijuana use and the perception
         | of schizophrenia and its symptoms have changed drastically in
         | the last 25 years. So have schizophrenia treatments.
         | 
         | Older neuroleptics have severe side effects that cause
         | permanent Parkinson's-like movement disorders and are
         | responsible for lowering patients' life expectancies. It wasn't
         | until the mid-to-late 1990's that the atypical antipsychotics
         | were approved by the FDA, which had significantly less side
         | effects than older drugs. And then it wasn't until the mid-to-
         | late 2000's that those drugs had affordable generics. Several
         | new antipsychotics were approved in the 2000's that have less
         | side effects, as well.
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | I should also note that mental healthcare, in the past, was
           | something insurance companies would fight their policyholders
           | over, and many policies didn't cover it at all. The ACA and
           | earlier legislation are responsible for increasing access to
           | mental healthcare[1] for Americans, as they forced insurers
           | to cover it.
           | 
           | So in the past, if you couldn't see a doctor, you couldn't
           | get a schizophrenia diagnosis even if you had it.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2020/aca-10-how-
           | has-it...
        
         | seph-reed wrote:
         | I get schizophrenia from smoking pot. But I also know people
         | who get it who've never been pot heads.
         | 
         | Something about THC is at the center of this. And also
         | something about age.
         | 
         | I used to be able to smoke as much as I wanted and just enjoy
         | it, then one day it started making me crazy.. and I kept
         | smoking for a few years and truly lost my mind.
         | 
         | I've heard this story countless times... something (usually
         | around age 20) just snaps, and suddenly THC == paranoia.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | That is about the age when schizophrenia hits, even in people
           | who have never smoked.
        
           | tartoran wrote:
           | Did your symptoms disappear when you stopped using it?
        
           | mnowicki wrote:
           | ~18-25 IIRC is the normal age for prodromal schizophrenia to
           | occur(the early phase where symptoms begin to manifest) so
           | that makes sense. If you don't get it by that age it's
           | extremely unlikely to start experiencing symptoms at an older
           | age, there are younger children with schizophrenia but it's
           | still much less common than people first noticing it around
           | their early 20s.
           | 
           | And in your first sentence, do you mean you get psychosis or
           | hallucinations from smoking pot? Or literal schizophrenia?
           | Interestingly, around 19-22 years old when I smoked a lot, I
           | had some psychosis-like symptoms, mostly auditory
           | hallucinations. They weren't very disruptive or paranoid-
           | feeling though, it was always the sound of a group of people
           | at a party or backyard barbecue or something standing around
           | laughing & talking, and I could only actually make out like
           | 1/5 words. It felt very real though, I looked out my window
           | countless times to see if my neighbors were having a 2am
           | party in their back yard.
        
             | oneil512 wrote:
             | Did you have these when you were high, not high, or both?
             | How old are you now and what has become of them?
        
           | Bombthecat wrote:
           | I know someone who went through the same thing... Now
           | alcoholic and homeless.. Also around 20...
        
           | dkn775 wrote:
           | Is the paranoia thing schizophrenia? I have similar issue
           | where around 27 no longer could smoke without getting super
           | paranoid. Typically I have found if I am not living right in
           | some way weed will bring the fear of it right out. However
           | are you saying anything along the lines that this paranoia
           | thing is related to schizo?
        
           | pmoriarty wrote:
           | _" I've heard this story countless times... something
           | (usually around age 20) just snaps, and suddenly THC ==
           | paranoia."_
           | 
           | It's common for people to smoke more and more cannabis as
           | their tolerance grows, and higher doses of cannabis can
           | easily lead to paranoia and other adverse mental effects.
           | 
           | If these people took a long break and then tried the smallest
           | amount of the weakest pot they could get, they might find
           | that they can enjoy it again without getting paranoid.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | hirako2000 wrote:
           | Anecdotal. Causation isn't that simple to establish. What
           | drives people to smoke pot may very well be a factor that
           | Will lead to paranoia or other form of mental instability.
           | 
           | Also to note, psycho active drugs are as they are called:
           | psycho active. With prolonged use, tolerance increase, with
           | further use some imbalance occurs especially when not under
           | the influence of that substance. Re establishing that balance
           | takes time. We are very poorly educated when it comes to
           | mental stability, and pharmaceutical treatment is the de
           | facto answer by medical corps.
           | 
           | I do hope you get better, just don't forget substance use has
           | an impact on the brain subtle chemistry, that's in a way what
           | makes them attractive in the first place, and this impact
           | doesn't disappear after a day like a hangover. Take some time
           | off stimilant and psychedelics, you will slowly regain your
           | normal self.
        
           | KittenInABox wrote:
           | Early adulthood is often when schizophrenia disorders start
           | manifesting FWIW.
        
         | mthoms wrote:
         | Anecdote: My half-sister is a diagnosed schizophrenic and life-
         | long weed smoker. It seems to me (and her doctors agree) that
         | the two are absolutely related.
         | 
         | She was likely predisposed to schizophrenia (because of her
         | father - which we don't share) but I often wonder if it would
         | have progressed the way it did absent the heavy smoking.
         | 
         | I say this also as a pot smoker myself (but only lightly in the
         | past decade or so). I have nothing against it, and used to
         | scoff at those who were against it.
         | 
         | Now... I'm absolutely convinced that marijuana use can have
         | absolutely catastrophic mental health implications _for some
         | people_. I 'm also convinced it can help people with certain
         | conditions.
         | 
         | At any rate, it's much less benign than I long thought.
        
           | dmos62 wrote:
           | When you think about it, it's bizzarre to expect weed to be
           | benign in the long-term, when it's not benign in the short-
           | term (as in, perceptibly alters many biological and
           | psychological processes).
        
           | engineeringwoke wrote:
           | Similar story. I was a heavy smoker for ~10 years and was all
           | for it, but I've since quit and realized how destructive it
           | can be at high doses for long periods of time.
           | 
           | The discourse around how destructive it is encourages this
           | thinking, similarly to how Americans struggle with alcoholism
           | while Italians do not, despite the latter's culture of
           | continuous exposure at young ages.
        
           | Shindi wrote:
           | > Now... I'm absolutely convinced that marijuana use can have
           | absolutely catastrophic mental health implications for some
           | people. I'm also convinced it can help people with certain
           | conditions.
           | 
           | Absolutely. I am cutting down on weed after seeing it wreck a
           | friend. They were really bright and down to Earth, but they
           | use weed to deal with anxiety and now need to smoke before
           | hanging out with friends. Now they are fully dependent on
           | weed.
           | 
           | It has turned them into an unbearable person with no
           | motivation. My friend is now totally unaware of how much of
           | an asshole they are and no one wants to deal with them.
           | 
           | Weed can be an awesome relatively safe drug but please look
           | for the warning signs of dependence and know that r/leaves
           | exists.
        
             | eurasiantiger wrote:
             | Is weed legal and culturally accepted where you live?
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | People with schizophrenia-related disorders are likely to use
           | substances to deal with the negative symptoms[1] of the
           | disorders.
           | 
           | For example, there is a high correlation between having
           | schizophrenia and consuming nicotine[2]:
           | 
           | > _A strong association between schizophrenia and tobacco
           | smoking has been shown in worldwide studies. Smoking is
           | especially high in those diagnosed with schizophrenia, with
           | estimates ranging from 80 to 90% being regular smokers, as
           | compared to 20% of the general population. Those who smoke
           | tend to smoke heavily, and additionally smoke cigarettes with
           | high nicotine content._
           | 
           | I'd argue that nicotine use isn't a cause of schizophrenia,
           | but an effect, as nicotine is reported to alleviate some
           | people's schizophrenia symptoms.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia#Negative_symp
           | tom...
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia#Prognosis
        
             | eurasiantiger wrote:
             | This is meaningless, since it conflates tobacco smoking
             | with pure nicotine. In reality, tobacco smoke contains
             | dozens if not hundreds of different psychoactive chemicals,
             | and certain ones acting as monoamine oxidase inhibitors
             | contribute heavily to tobacco dependence.
        
           | secondcoming wrote:
           | Same. I've smoked more than fair share of weed over the years
           | and while I turned out ok (I think), two of my friends from
           | back then have had their lives ruined due to mental health
           | issues. There's no doubt that them smoking cannabis didn't
           | help.
        
           | lojack wrote:
           | correlation != causation
           | 
           | OP was commenting on why there may not necessarily be a
           | causation, and you commented on how the doctors tend to think
           | there's a correlation. It just as well could be that
           | schizophrenia tends to lead to increased marijuana
           | consumption as people are self medicating. I'm no expert, so
           | I don't have any strong beliefs around causation, but I do
           | think both lines of thought (marijuana causing schizophrenia,
           | or vice versa) seem pretty logical to me.
           | 
           | It's pretty widely believed that there is a correlation
           | between the two, but the reason behind the link is where
           | there's a lot of debate.
        
           | Loic wrote:
           | I am sorry to say that you are most likely right. My father
           | is[0] a psychiatrist in big psychiatric hospital in France
           | (1500 beds, only psychiatry, nothing else) and he told me
           | again and again that he was against the legalisation of
           | marijuana because of this. The problem is that once you
           | trigger schizophrenia you need to live with it, all your
           | life...
           | 
           | Note that he told me so, even if his work during the last 15
           | years was mainly with the very poor people or refugees
           | without health insurance, the ones suffering a lot from the
           | drug dealers and all the associated black market,
           | prostitution and abuse against minorities, women and kids.
           | 
           | We had lively discussion because I consider that legalizing
           | drugs would reduce violence, gangs, etc. but it is hard to
           | argue against somebody having clear first hand experience
           | with both sides of the problem.
           | 
           | [0]: was in fact, he retired 2 weeks ago.
        
             | dmos62 wrote:
             | Same experience with a (art) therapist in a mental hospital
             | (less than 1500 beds). Very persistent in asserting that
             | weed causes some people to end up there. I don't think it's
             | a good argument against legalization. We don't ban alcohol,
             | because there are alcoholics. I think it would be smarter
             | to regulate the recreational drug industry and use its
             | taxes to fund relevant education, research and mental
             | health programmes.
        
               | Weebs wrote:
               | It's unfortunate research was barred for so long (at
               | least in the US), because we could have had a good idea
               | by now what risk factors there are and their warning
               | signs at onset
        
               | Loic wrote:
               | You can drink a bit too much with 18 during a year and
               | nicely recover. With marijuana, you smoke a bit too much
               | during a year and you are good for life.
               | 
               | This is why I totally understand the point of view of the
               | therapists having to deal with the long term effects on
               | these unlucky people. Both sides have good arguments, one
               | cannot ignore them, only trade-offs to accept one way or
               | another.
        
               | croes wrote:
               | Nice try. A little bit too much? It's about heavy use.
               | Heavy use of marijuana can lead to shizophrenia, heavy
               | use of alcohol can kill you or at least severely damage
               | your brain or liver. Not to mention the number of
               | secondary victims of alcohol through drunk driving or
               | violence. Compare that to marijuana and alcohol is the
               | bigger problem.
        
               | dmos62 wrote:
               | I'll add that alcoholism's social and psychological
               | effects can be extreme. Some cultures have experienced it
               | more than others.
               | 
               | A close relative had that since ~30 years of age until
               | death at ~80 years of age. During his twenties he
               | abstained. Then it was social drinking, then it became
               | more frequent, then he started becoming dysfunctional,
               | not being able to perform in his professional life, all
               | the while his mental state degraded, around 50 years of
               | age you could still argue with him, around 60-70 there
               | wasn't anyone to argue with anymore, there was only a
               | craving left.
               | 
               | I don't think it's just the alcohol. I presume that it
               | concealed a psychological problem. But, I can't help
               | thinking that if it were some other drug the person in
               | question would have had a higher life quality. Alcohol is
               | very punishing in all ways.
        
               | eurasiantiger wrote:
               | Almost any drug would have been better as long as the
               | supply was clean and stable.
               | 
               | Even heroin can be used intravenously for decades as long
               | as proper caution is observed, but that tends to become a
               | low priority if availability and thus price fluctuates.
               | If quality fluctuates, death by overdose is a matter of
               | time. The opioid epidemic is no joke, but it took a turn
               | for the worse once doctors stopped prescribing opioids
               | and supplies dried out, making people pay inflated prices
               | and/or switch to fentanyl.
               | 
               | At least alcohol is available, so people don't drink
               | mouthwash.
        
               | dmos62 wrote:
               | > You can drink a bit too much with 18 during a year and
               | nicely recover. With marijuana, you smoke a bit too much
               | during a year and you are good for life.
               | 
               | That's contrary to my understanding. I think you're
               | overestimating the damage of one and underestimating the
               | damage of the other. If you've underlying conditions
               | susceptible to drinking or to smoking, indulgence in
               | either can have dire consequences. For what it's worth,
               | smoking for days straight is much much better in all ways
               | than drinking for days straight.
        
               | NeutronStar wrote:
               | Still better than death due to alcohol.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | Nope. My first girlfirend's father had a life-long
               | schizophrenia triggered with a short series of binge
               | drinking when he was 18 (!!!) and never touched weed or
               | anything else.
               | 
               | Case point 1 but simple fact is, tons of people have some
               | sort of predisposition to some form of mental illness.
               | Wife is a doctor and she nicely sums it up - its not
               | binary, tons of folks having miserable life are in scale
               | 1-10 somewhere in lower part of one or the other mental
               | illness (or more). Bipolar, OCD, ADHD, schizophrenia,
               | etc., you name it. She deals with them daily.
               | 
               | For some, weed could trigger it. For some, some other
               | drug or some big shock (close relative death, accident,
               | violent crime etc). Since we don't ban the rest, banning
               | the weed is just cargo culting due to US policies re
               | hippies from Nixon era, enforced globally due to UN
               | treaties. Which led to ridiculous situations where places
               | like India or Nepal having marihuana as holy flower of
               | god Shiva for literally thousands of years, using it to
               | celebrate him, and suddenly had to ban it... at least on
               | paper. Because bureaucracy.
               | 
               | Your father is not a good reference for this topic, its
               | often a sad story when such people are asked to make
               | policies that govern us all. They are always 'too deep'
               | in the problem, see only the worst cases, so inevitably
               | for them its the source of all evil and extremely
               | dangerous. They don't know how happy, connected with
               | nature and universe one can feel, how sex can be 10x
               | better than best one he ever had, and orgasm can be
               | literal nuke in your cranium, by far the strongest
               | experience in ones life. Or tons of other, positive
               | effects if not used in excess.
               | 
               | Ask doctors who work on alcohol rehab clinics whether it
               | should be banned. Most will say definitely, and those who
               | don't simply because they use it to self-medicate
               | depression. And that is only because its socially
               | acceptable drug, although way more destructive than weed
               | could ever be.
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | Islam bans alcohol, but it also requires praying 5 times
               | a day and usually a lot of going to Mosque with other
               | Muslims and a general belief of unity and being in a
               | common struggle against enemy types. I wonder if all that
               | cultural stuff protects people from common psychological
               | problems which they might otherwise try to stifle with
               | alcohol. I think alcoholism is often a coping mechanism
               | for some other psychological problem. If you just ban
               | alcohol but don't have the culture to help with people's
               | problems, maybe you make things worse. Mental health care
               | is kind of an ambulance at the bottom of the cliff and
               | doesn't seem very efficient or effective either.
        
             | dantheman wrote:
             | So your father is for imprisoning people, gang violence,
             | and the overall cartel drug system, because a few people
             | will develop schizophrenia -- The question isn't marijuana
             | or no marijuana, it's marijuana vs all the problems with
             | prohibition.
             | 
             | Also, there's a fundamental right to self medicate.
        
             | alisonatwork wrote:
             | I am pro legalization because I think people should get to
             | make their own decisions about what they put in their own
             | bodies, but I definitely agree that this aspect of
             | marijuana use is somewhat downplayed by many of its
             | advocates.
             | 
             | Anecdotally, I have seen several marijuana-using friends go
             | down the tubes. One became extremely paranoid to the point
             | he was unable to maintain relationships with the people
             | around him (because he was worried everyone might be a
             | spy), and several others became extremely unpleasant and
             | irritable when they weren't high on the drug. This is
             | perhaps the minority case and most people can partake
             | relatively safely, but I definitely don't see it as a
             | completely harmless substance.
        
               | chris37879 wrote:
               | Yup, I still smoke regularly, but I have noticed that if
               | I smoke a lot (and I do mean a lot), I start having
               | paranoia when I'm not high, which is odd cause I don't
               | have it while high. Once that happened to me and I
               | realized the connection, I've scaled my smoking back a
               | lot and it doesn't happen. My brother, on the other hand,
               | smokes way too much, even when I was living in a legal
               | state smoking a lot, he smokes more than I did, and
               | you're spot on, when he doesn't have any weed, he is a
               | hateful, mean, angry person, I've begged him to stop
               | smoking so much, but of course he won't listen to me.
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | _" One became extremely paranoid to the point he was
               | unable to maintain relationships with the people around
               | him"_
               | 
               | I would bet you anything that this person was using a
               | high-potency grade of cannabis and/or smoking a lot of
               | it.
               | 
               | If they just used a little bit of a low-potency strain
               | it's unlikely they would have suffered from paranoia.
               | 
               |  _" several others became extremely unpleasant and
               | irritable when they weren't high on the drug"_
               | 
               | So, wait, these people became nicer to be around while
               | they were smoking and this is supposed to be a bad thing?
        
               | alisonatwork wrote:
               | Well, they used to be nicer before they started smoking a
               | lot. Then they developed a newer, more irritable
               | personality, which only lifted when they were high. In my
               | experience the same sort of thing can happen with
               | alcoholics.
        
               | projectazorian wrote:
               | Worth nothing here that both alcohol and cannabis can
               | compromise sleep quality, and poor quality sleep is very
               | well known to make people irritable and paranoid. I've
               | definitely gotten in this trap before when using them as
               | sleep aids.
        
               | projectazorian wrote:
               | The reality is that many people in legal weed states
               | consume cannabis via edibles these days. Manufacturing
               | techniques have greatly improved in the past couple of
               | years and they aren't nearly as gross tasting as they
               | used to be, often they have almost no weed taste at all.
               | 
               | Edibles are usually highly opaque in terms of the strains
               | used and tend to contain at least 5mg THC per dose,
               | sometimes 10, and that's if you trust what's on the
               | label. Due to how edibles are metabolized, the THC
               | remains in your system for longer, too.
               | 
               | You no longer need to "smoke a lot" to consume a great
               | deal of THC, a couple of edibles will do the job. A lot
               | of edible fans don't smoke or vape at all.
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | When consumed as high-potency edibles, cannabis has the
               | effects of a psychedelic.
               | 
               | We know when using a psychedelic dose, set, and setting
               | become critical.
               | 
               | People taking a strong dose of a psychedelic and
               | expecting it to be no more than a regular pot high might
               | be in for a rude awakening, especially if they treat it
               | casually instead of with great respect, take it in
               | inappropriate circumstances (like at parties or clubs
               | full of people they don't know or trust), etc.
               | 
               | It's no wonder that many people suffer from paranoia and
               | other adverse effects from casual use of edibles. They
               | should really be treating a strong dose of edible
               | cannabis like they do a strong dose of LSD.
        
         | Agenttin wrote:
         | There's a relationship between smoking cigarettes and
         | schizophrenia too. I think this may be a case of people trying
         | to self medicate for their conditions.
         | 
         | > "There has been emerging evidence of an association between
         | tobacco smoking and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Two
         | meta-analyses have reported that people who smoke tobacco have
         | an ~2-fold increased risk of incident schizophrenia or
         | psychosis, even after adjusting for confounding factors."
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6255982/#:~:tex...
         | .
        
           | quickthrowman wrote:
           | I agree 100%, I believe schizophrenics with symptoms seek out
           | marijuana, just like they do with tobacco.
        
         | tomphoolery wrote:
         | To me it's about as strong as the correlation between
         | schizophrenia and _any_ use of psychedelics. THC's effects have
         | more in common with a psychedelic than they do an analgesic or
         | stimulant. It's not a body drug, even if it sometimes makes you
         | feel that way. If we legalized psilocybin nationwide, I would
         | bet money that these kinds of studies would show "correlations"
         | in schizophrenia use among those who have taken mushrooms as
         | well. And they would probably be the similar, if not follow the
         | same exact curve, as what we see for MJ.
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | Yes indeed.
           | 
           | I used to think cannabis was relaxing.
           | 
           | Then I started wearing a watch which doubles as a heart-rate
           | monitor.
        
             | effingwewt wrote:
             | To be fair, that could be just normal paranoia from smoking
             | too much, or perhaps your body doesn't agree with that
             | strain.
             | 
             | I have what's called a paradoxical reaction to whatever
             | they use to put you under anesthesia. I wake up in a rage,
             | they have to take me out very slowly.
             | 
             | I have a friend like this with marijuana. She finds indicas
             | make her euphoric and energized and creative, when she
             | should be couch-locked with a body high. Until she swapped
             | types she kept getting super anxious and it led her to bad
             | trips. But the benefits outweighed the downsides for her
             | (she was able to eat and sleep normally).
             | 
             | Also- coughing (which you almost certainly will), will
             | raise your heart rate.
             | 
             | So how do we know what is a bad effect of the plant in
             | general? This is worrying to me, and as a marijuana smoker
             | I would really love more studies to be done on it.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | Well, no. So there are the occasional 140-160 BPM panic
               | attacks now, so I approach the substance with caution and
               | respect. But that's quite distinct from going from a
               | resting rate of, say, 80 (about my serum maximum of
               | caffeine rate) to a nice 100, while feeling great and
               | getting a bunch of stuff done around the house.
               | 
               | Euphoria and relaxation aren't identical concepts...
        
             | eyelovewe wrote:
             | Since we are in anecdotal territory, let me state that I've
             | been a heavy smoker since I was 13, and I'm 46 now. I find
             | it difficult to concentrate on coding without weed. I have
             | a very low resting heart rate and enjoy hill climbs on my
             | bicycle and am quite fit, motivated, and not lazy, etc.
             | 
             | I generally suffer exclusively the singular negative effect
             | of others finger wagging and disapproval of a rather
             | pleasurable funcional vice or medication or whatever you
             | wish to call it.
             | 
             | I've quit a few times for up to a year and always decided
             | consciously to go back. One of the times I left tobacco
             | behind. Countless studies will only ever have access to
             | what users are willing to divulge, to the degree that it's
             | not an open regulated or at least informed market.
             | 
             | There is an interesting singular fact. Not one single
             | overdose death has ever been conclusively linked to
             | cannabis. The LD50 is something crazy like 15kg in the span
             | of 15 minutes for a 75kg human.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | I would be astonished if, in tracking your first tokes of
               | the day on a heart rate monitor, you didn't get around
               | 20bpm faster. While feeling great, I'm sure! I'm not
               | saying for an instant that it's dangerous or bad, but
               | "relaxing", well not in any straightforward way.
               | 
               | A practical application of this is to suggest that those
               | who want to use cannabis for a good night;s sleep, get
               | started two or three hours before bedtime.
               | 
               | I got twenty excellent years out of regular cannabis use.
               | Tradeoffs there were, but worth it.
               | 
               | I'm a lot more sensitive now and sometimes it gives me
               | panic attacks. But even when it doesn't, cannabis
               | consistently raises heart rate and lowers blood pressure,
               | that's just how it works.
               | 
               | I still employ it, carefully, from time to time.
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | _" I'm a lot more sensitive now and sometimes it gives me
               | panic attacks"_
               | 
               | Have you tried using the minimal amount of very low-
               | potency weed?
               | 
               | In my experience negative effects like paranoia and panic
               | attacks come from overdose, either by using high-potency
               | weed and/or smoking too much.
        
               | gfody wrote:
               | based on my own anecdata i suspect that you're an indica
               | user and that all the schizophrenia links are from
               | sativas
        
           | antihero wrote:
           | I've always found that psychedelics are a far far different
           | experience than THC, do you have anything to back this up
           | other than "they both make you sorta hallucinate"?
        
             | slingnow wrote:
             | OP made none of the claims you stated. Only that
             | THC/psilocybin had more in common with each other than
             | THC/stimulants.
        
             | pmoriarty wrote:
             | The psychedelic effects of pot usually come from using
             | edibles or smoking high potency preparations like hash.
             | 
             | The effects also vary from person to person, and even in
             | the same person at different stages of their life.
        
       | ameixaseca wrote:
       | Anything can be a trigger, including alcohol:
       | 
       | "Researchers have mostly studied the effects of cannabis and
       | nicotine on people with schizophrenia. But they've also found
       | that other things that alter your nervous system and mood (called
       | psychoactive substances), like alcohol, can trigger first-time
       | psychosis."
       | 
       | Source: https://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/features/alcohol-
       | schizop...
       | 
       | IOW, if you have predisposition to schizophrenia (family history,
       | previous psychotic episodes), you should avoid mind-altering
       | substances.
       | 
       | Edit: word
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | That _might_ help. Other things can trigger it, like going away
         | to college, or a breakup with your first girl /boy friend.
        
       | whytaka wrote:
       | I'm a big proponent of marijuana. I recommend it to others almost
       | as a rite of passage and I'm eager to see a world where marijuana
       | use trumps alcohol consumption. But I admit that it's not without
       | risk.
       | 
       | I like to think I am of stable mind. I have never had a drug
       | experience that had overwhelmed my sense of self or being. I have
       | a couple times felt overwhelmed physically, to the point of
       | exhaustion, but my mind kept pace and knew how to navigate the
       | experience. But I've also experienced moments where I sensed a
       | certain line was on the verge of being crossed, where the sense
       | of self/being would not be my ultimate experience. Again, I don't
       | feel as though I've crossed that border myself but I have a
       | rather high tolerance.
       | 
       | I recognize these moments to be quite dangerous to those less
       | grounded in their sense of self. I would not be surprised that
       | such an experience could lead to psychosis.
       | 
       | The potency of commercially available strains now are on a
       | completely level to the ones I consumed during college. This
       | research is absolutely necessary.
        
         | obsequiosity wrote:
         | How do you develop a stronger sense of self?
        
           | whytaka wrote:
           | I can't answer that. I don't think I did anything to be this
           | way. As far as I know I was born with it.
        
         | rantwasp wrote:
         | Alcohol consumption is not without risk. It literally kills
         | your brain cells and has many negative side effects associated
         | with it. Alcohol is widely produced, distributed and consumed.
         | To me this comes down to having the choice. Do the research,
         | document the possible side effect, give me the choice is I want
         | to drink/do the drug. Also, anecdotally based on my own life
         | experience, I think overall marijuana is less harmful than
         | alcohol.
        
           | whytaka wrote:
           | I completely agree.
        
           | clint wrote:
           | This doesn't even take into account the damage it does to
           | your body's insulin resistance and blood sugar levels.
           | Alcohol is damaging on a systemic level that most people
           | never consider.
        
       | moate wrote:
       | Tl;dr- People who have Schizophrenia are more frequently found to
       | also have marijuana use disorder than before.
       | 
       | Correlation. This is not been proven causal (which, btw why is it
       | never phrased such that "people inclined towards schizophrenia
       | are more inclined to abuse drugs" which seems like a pretty
       | obvious line to me but I just work in medical publishing, I'm not
       | the actual doctor).
       | 
       | Remember everyone: someone is funding all research, often times
       | they have an agenda and a good press agent when they get some
       | results they like. That said, this piece very specifically says
       | "we can't conclude a causal relationship, we need further
       | research" (or, more specifically, funding for _our_ research)
        
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