[HN Gopher] Pelosi and a lifetime of trading
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Pelosi and a lifetime of trading
        
       Author : aminozuur
       Score  : 288 points
       Date   : 2021-07-21 16:19 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (unusualwhales.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (unusualwhales.com)
        
       | txsoftwaredev wrote:
       | Nancy Pelosi is as dirty as they come. Of course she will use any
       | advantage she can to gain wealth and power. Why this is allowed
       | is beyond me. Martha Stewart spent time in prison for doing much
       | less.
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | This has been debunked over and over starting in 2012. Nanci
       | Pelosi is not part of a crime family. Stop trying to claim
       | otherwise. Snopes debunked this okay like 2 years ago.
       | 
       | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/nancy-pelosi-crime-family/
        
         | zyemuzu wrote:
         | Ah yes, the fact checkers have spoken.
        
         | slackfan wrote:
         | Snopes "This is not true because we twisted the english
         | language into a pretzel to an extent that a Pravda writer would
         | be proud", that snopes?
        
         | the_optimist wrote:
         | This is not a credible response.
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure your comment is tongue in cheek but wow this is
         | a pretty bad look for snopes:
         | 
         | >Was Nancy Pelosi's brother, Franklin D. Roosevelt D'Alesandro,
         | charged with lying during a rape trial? Status: MIXTURE The
         | Facts: Nancy Pelosi's brother, Franklin D. Roosevelt
         | D'Alesandro, was charged with perjury during a rape trial in
         | the 1950s. However, he was eventually acquitted of those
         | charges
         | 
         | How is that a mixture? The poster claims he has been charged,
         | not convicted, Snopes confirms he was charged but... Ends up
         | labelling this as mixed? That's pure damage control from Snopes
         | at this point
        
         | DevKoala wrote:
         | Thank you fact checkers. Imagine how society would be without
         | them? We'd be drowning in wrong-think.
        
       | KETpXDDzR wrote:
       | Sounds like smart insider trading. I know some forums only
       | accessible via the TOR network that trade insider info. Your
       | first post is for verification, the ones after for either selling
       | them or trading with others. If you trade your company's
       | quarterly numbers with numbers from another company it's nearly
       | impossible to proof that you used insider information.
       | 
       | IMHO the whole system needs a reformation. You should only be
       | allowed to invest long-term, at least one month, probably years.
       | Day trading and option contracts enable illegal insider trading.
        
       | takeda wrote:
       | Instead of fixating that Pelosi made more than others I think
       | right question is, why someone who actually can impact stock
       | options and also has information not available to the public is
       | allowed to trade?
        
         | nathanvanfleet wrote:
         | I think that is what they are implying with this information.
        
         | trident5000 wrote:
         | Because these people are corrupt and want to make money. Its
         | basically as simple as that.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Because her husband makes the trades lol.
         | 
         | Pretty much none of the political/self-dealing/disqualified
         | person financial laws apply to spouses. (This is distinct from
         | private sector insider trading laws)
         | 
         | It's super easy, barely an inconvenience!
        
         | curtis3389 wrote:
         | Because they are also the person that would write the rule that
         | they aren't allowed to trade.
        
         | kcdev wrote:
         | The STOCK Act is supposed to prevent this. But the same
         | politicians who passed the law and had the media cover it as
         | much as possible, then later quietly passed another that the
         | law would not be enforced.
        
           | eganist wrote:
           | Do you have a reference to the specific legal code which
           | includes the amendment?
           | 
           | Thanks for coming through on this ask. I'm having a hard time
           | finding it, and it's a point of contention I plan on raising
           | with Virginia legislators if any of them voted in favor.
        
             | at-fates-hands wrote:
             | Here you go. Happened in 2013 under Obama:
             | 
             |  _But on Monday, when the president signed a bill reversing
             | big pieces of the law, the emailed announcement was one
             | sentence long. There was no fanfare last week either, when
             | the Senate and then the House passed the bill in largely
             | empty chambers using a fast-track procedure known as
             | unanimous consent._
             | 
             | https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2013/04/16/1774
             | 9...
        
               | weaksauce wrote:
               | why make it partisan by mentioning obama like he had
               | anything to do with it as this was passed unanimously by
               | both the senate and the house.
               | 
               | just like when someone says "bill clinton repealed glass
               | stegal" no he signed it when it was passed through by
               | veto proof margins with only 2 people dissenting in the
               | senate... he just happened to be the president at the
               | time.
        
               | vxNsr wrote:
               | Because he could veto it.
        
               | weaksauce wrote:
               | you understand vetos are something congress can override
               | right?
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | Vetoing the bill would have at least made the passage
               | more notable, and likely required there to have been more
               | than thirty seconds of debate on the topic. Making them
               | override a veto has some value.
        
               | weaksauce wrote:
               | again it's not a partisan issue... literally both parties
               | are passing these bills almost unanimously. it's a class
               | issue i'll give you but not a partisan one.
        
               | vxNsr wrote:
               | Vetoing sends a message and as others have said would at
               | least force the media to talk about it.
        
               | eyivghh wrote:
               | So whats your point? Just because a large majority of
               | Congress wants to do something immoral the pres gets to
               | wash his hands if he jumps in?
               | 
               | "Override the veto and be damed. But my name will not be
               | on the bill." Thats what they should have said.
        
               | eyivghh wrote:
               | They could still have refused to sign it. Doing so would
               | have saved their honor - congress can force a legislation
               | but they cant force the prez to debase himself by adding
               | his signature.
               | 
               | As it stands their signature signifies that they agree
               | with the legislations.
        
               | amznthrwaway wrote:
               | Hacker News is an extremely right-wing website. The
               | acceptable views here range from center-right to hard-
               | right (both authoritarian and libertarian variants).
               | 
               | It is not allowed to be even moderately fair to the left
               | on this site. Nor is it allowable to be anti-racist or
               | anti-fascist.
        
               | eganist wrote:
               | Thanks, this is helpful.
               | 
               | It's exceptionally unlikely that I'll be able to spur
               | meaningful change, but I'll try to have an update in
               | December. (Posting for accountability)
        
             | MikeUt wrote:
             | Try https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOCK_Act#Amendment
        
             | atatatat wrote:
             | These same cunts are shareholders in the media, 'course
             | it's not all around.
        
         | tharne wrote:
         | I've often wondered about this. It's mind boggling that this is
         | allowed. A congressman can short oil stocks and the very next
         | day propose a large tax on oil producers then promptly cash
         | out, and be completely within the bounds of the law.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | I don't think it's mindboggling at all. It makes perfect
           | sense that lawmakers would not make laws that negatively
           | affect lawmakers.
           | 
           | I also think that the amount of nonpublic information that
           | congresscritters have access to is substantially overblown.
           | The fact that they can pass laws affecting the industries is
           | a bigger lever, in my view.
        
             | CapitalistCartr wrote:
             | One feeds the other. Their position of power is the reason
             | people tell them so much. Given their returns, either
             | members of The Congress are more brilliant than any Wall
             | Street fund manager, or they're cheating.
        
             | tharne wrote:
             | I guess what surprises me is how nakedly unethical it is.
             | I'm not shocked that people in positions of significant
             | power would use that power to enrich themselves unfairly. I
             | am shocked at how little effort they make to hide it.
        
               | seanp2k2 wrote:
               | Because we've seen so many times that there are no
               | consequences for this. Some people might get a bit mad,
               | but it's not like there are huge protests demanding
               | change or cohorts voting out politicians who partake. If
               | all politicians across the political spectrum also
               | support it, what choice do people have at the polls?
        
             | klipt wrote:
             | Isn't "inside knowledge of upcoming new laws" a kind of non
             | public information?
        
             | shadowgovt wrote:
             | ... but it's a pretty big lever. And they don't even have
             | to pass the laws; a person in position of authority can
             | shock a market with a credible threat to take an action.
             | 
             | Such a tool was actually used to disrupt a rice panic once.
             | Without releasing any surplus, an announced joint intent to
             | release surplus drove speculators out of the market. https:
             | //www.npr.org/sections/money/2011/11/04/142016962/the-...
        
               | tharne wrote:
               | I remember Hillary Clinton doing that in 2016 with a
               | single sabre-rattling tweet about the pharma industry.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | Obama made some suggestions about normalizing relations
               | with Iran and all the defense stocks went crazy though
               | nothing ever came of it
               | 
               | Politicians suggesting things impacts the market all the
               | time.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | Both questions are valid.
         | 
         | Not all representatives enrich themselves like this.
        
         | woah wrote:
         | Anyone with enough power and influence can impact stock
         | options, and everyone has some information not available to the
         | public. For example, Kanye West could buy calls on Uggs, then
         | go out to lunch wearing some Uggs, then sell the calls after it
         | hits the tabloids. Laws applying only to politicians would not
         | stop anyone else from influencing stocks, and would only
         | restrict the types of people choosing to become politicians,
         | reducing the quality of politicians by causing people with
         | better options not to bother.
         | 
         | My sense is that this is one of those feel-good things, like
         | setting politician salaries to a low level, which doesn't
         | actually do anything to improve the quality of government.
        
           | t0mbstone wrote:
           | A single celebrity attempting to manipulate the stocks they
           | own via public perception is a fundamentally different thing
           | than a bunch of politicians using their legal power to
           | manipulate the stocks they own for their own personal gain.
        
           | joebob42 wrote:
           | I guess this can sort of flow two ways, though. A politician
           | might know a law is coming up, and so buy a stock that is
           | going to benefit from it: your argument is convincing there.
           | But they might also hold a stock, and because of that they
           | might feel more strongly one way or the other about a
           | particular law: that feels like a problem to me.
           | 
           | Unfortunately there is bleed through between these, and no
           | good way to distinguish the two except ok a case by case
           | basis, which seems to me like a credible argument for
           | forbidding all trading.
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | That's obviously the point of pointing out how "lucky" her
         | investments are.
        
         | bassman9000 wrote:
         | She's the Speaker of the House. The House that passes
         | legislation that allows to do it. You have to start somewhere.
        
           | trident5000 wrote:
           | No idea why you're getting downvoted when this is literally
           | what they did. They had laws and then quickly bypassed it.
        
         | gorbachev wrote:
         | Because when they pass laws prohibiting certain types of
         | activities, they almost always exclude themselves.
        
       | sam0x17 wrote:
       | Is there a place where you can get info on her/her husband's
       | trades in real time? Cuz I kinda want to write a bot now ;)
        
         | kinghajj wrote:
         | No, the reporting delay between when trades are made and then
         | made public is something like ~1 month, IIRC.
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | That would be a great time barrier to remove.
        
       | redleggedfrog wrote:
       | America is a plutocracy. Congress people (or their family) making
       | money from their influence is about American as apple pie and
       | pickup trucks.
       | 
       | It takes money to get elected and stay elected, so rich people
       | get elected. While they take advantage of their political power
       | while elected to make money, they also make money after being
       | elected as well, through speaking and other means. The whole
       | point of this process is to make money. Again, American, we like
       | money.
       | 
       | So if you don't like all this, you're a socialist and bad person.
       | Shame on you for being so un-American. Instead get some money and
       | join the party!
        
         | rangoon626 wrote:
         | She can be capitalist like you describe, she just shouldn't be
         | allowed to serve in public office while she does it.
        
       | gigel82 wrote:
       | I suspect this is actually peanuts compared to trades made by the
       | politicians' friends (aka proxies) that aren't disclosed
       | anywhere.
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | Being up 56% in a year when the SPX went up 36% is hardly
       | "incredible".
        
         | trident5000 wrote:
         | You didnt annualize the returns. Its possibly over 1000%.
         | 
         | Gotta love financially illiterate HN. He made over 100% on the
         | trade in something like 1 month. 100% * 12 is over 1000%
        
       | mullingitover wrote:
       | > Her one year returns for her stocks is 45.59%, and her option
       | returns are 66.7%.
       | 
       | I mean, any other year and that'd be extraordinary, but I'm just
       | some schmuck who put my 401k mostly in a high growth index fund
       | and I got over 70% last year. I wasn't even trying.
        
       | anonymouse008 wrote:
       | This is honestly the only hope I have that Congress won't mess
       | with with Capital Gains taxes... they win too much from it.
        
       | analog31 wrote:
       | I wonder if politicians should be required to share their
       | portfolios in real time. Then the rest of us could buy index
       | funds based on their trading habits.
        
         | calebm wrote:
         | PelosiBot
        
       | boulos wrote:
       | The article never says this, but her husband, Paul, is a longtime
       | investor / VC [1]. There's obviously still a huge opportunity for
       | leakage of information that Nancy Pelosi receives, but the trades
       | don't actually look suspicious nor requiring non-public
       | information.
       | 
       | There was some reporting on this issue more broadly when Senator
       | Burr seemed to place trades directly due to coronavirus
       | information, which included Pelosi's husband's trades.
       | 
       | Edit to add: I would concur with others that we probably need to
       | restrict trading for politicians and their family, the same way
       | we do insiders at corporations. Index funds okay, specific stocks
       | or perceived competition, no.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Pelosi
        
         | fighterpilot wrote:
         | > the trades don't actually look suspicious nor requiring non-
         | public information.
         | 
         | The purchase was made 1 month before this story[1] broke, which
         | was a significantly market moving announcement.
         | 
         | There's plausible deniability, of course.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/25/biden-plans-to-replace-
         | gover...
        
           | KerrickStaley wrote:
           | Which purchase?
        
           | boulos wrote:
           | Sorry, which trade are you referring to? The Dec 22 TSLA
           | options?
           | 
           | Assuming yes, the disclosure report [1] says it was 25 calls
           | with a strike price of $500 with expiration of 3/18/22 (so
           | another long dated option). Tesla's share price that day was
           | ~$650 [2] and the value of the 500 call went up (from ~$200
           | to $400) but has come right back down to ~$200 [3]. They have
           | not exercised / sold the options (visit [4] and search for
           | Pelosi in Filing Year 2021).
           | 
           | [1] https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/public_disc/ptr-
           | pdfs/202...
           | 
           | [2] https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/TSLA/history/
           | 
           | [3] https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/TSLA220318C00500000?p=TSL
           | A22...
           | 
           | [4] https://disclosures-
           | clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/Financi...
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | Most of Pelosi's homerun trades involved bluechip public
         | stocks. I don't think it's reasonable to expect a VC to have
         | that much edge there. VCs specialize in early stage private
         | companies. That's a very different skillset than trading
         | options on NASDAQ.
         | 
         | If Paul Pelosi really had that much alpha in quarterly moves in
         | ultra-liquid stocks like Microsoft and Disney, he'd almost
         | certainly be a hedge fund manager.
        
           | wpasc wrote:
           | I don't think it's so much about individual stocks. House
           | members and especially house leaders have the ability to
           | propose legislation or even talk about potential legislation
           | that affects entire industries. Blue chip stock trades ahead
           | of major legislation (ie. trading facebook before a major
           | revision to section 230) don't matter so much about the blue
           | chip nature.
           | 
           | IMO employee insiders have restrictions to trading the stocks
           | of their company. I don't think it's overly onerous to have
           | congresspeople disallowed from direct control over their or
           | their immediate family's portfolios. Does that make it
           | difficult to work in congress and have a family member
           | working in finance? Sure, but I think that's okay.
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | > Index funds okay, specific stocks or perceived competition,
         | no.
         | 
         | I think for people in high office, even controlling when to
         | move in or out of index funds is also inappropriate. Congress
         | has both information and makes choices which have broad impact
         | across the economy.
         | 
         | But to your first point, that this "doesn't actually look
         | suspicious", I'll only mention that classic "indicators of
         | suspicion" in a criminal context are motive, means and
         | opportunity, all of which seem to be present.
         | 
         | But to broaden the conversation, the main implied concern is
         | did she profit through use of non-public information. While I
         | think that's a worthy concern, I think perhaps the more
         | important one is whether the holdings of congress overall tilt
         | the policies they enact. This extends beyond stocks (where even
         | members who are limited to index funds may be disinclined to,
         | e.g. push for limits or rules surrounding buybacks etc), to
         | areas like how real estate holdings impact housing policy
         | stances.
        
         | jb775 wrote:
         | > her husband, Paul, is a longtime investor/VC...but the trades
         | don't actually look suspicious
         | 
         | I would argue this is an even bigger red flag. Professional
         | traders are much more aware of subtle cause & effects within
         | the markets.
         | 
         | i.e. Not-yet public info about reducing tariffs on imported
         | wheat would lower raw-material cost for bread companies, then
         | would lower the cost for McDonald's hamburger buns, then
         | McDonalds makes more profit this quarter...and Pelosi's husband
         | buys a bunch of options on McDonalds, then dumps the options
         | immediately after the info goes public.
         | 
         | So insider information that seems innocuous to the average
         | person could be used and abused like crazy by professionals
         | like Pelosi's husband.
        
         | eplanit wrote:
         | And I'm sure she'll be completely impartial when it comes to
         | legislation/regulation regarding these companies from which she
         | and her husband have become so wealthy. To quote Biden, "c'mon
         | man".
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | > _the trades don't actually look suspicious nor requiring non-
         | public information_
         | 
         | The consistent beating of the odds is what makes it suspicious.
         | 
         | If you roll 12 with two dice, it is not suspicious. If you do
         | it 10 times in a row, my trust is gone!
        
         | ProAm wrote:
         | Wasn't Pelosi the cause/reason congress isn't allowed to
         | insider trade anymore because of that 60 Minutes piece? [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.cbsnews.com/video/confronting-pelosi-on-
         | insider-...
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | Nancy Pelosi's husband is CEO of a investment firm. It shouldn't
       | be _that_ surprising that she tops the list for investments.
       | 
       | As others online have pointed out, despite an above average year,
       | her portfolio is still underperforming an S&P 500 index fund with
       | the dividends reinvested.
       | 
       | Should politicians be forced to put their assets in a blind trust
       | while in office? Yeah, probably. But I don't think I will indict
       | Pelosi's slightly above average year of investments as evidence
       | of anything in particular.
        
         | pgwhalen wrote:
         | > her portfolio is still underperforming an S&P 500 index fund
         | with the dividends reinvested
         | 
         | Can you expand on this? The article indicates her one year
         | returns were considerably higher than the S&P 500 last year.
        
           | mullen wrote:
           | One year does not mean anything. If she is beating S&P 500
           | over 20 or 30 years, then there is a problem.
        
           | spullara wrote:
           | Their returns all time in office are worse.
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | >Nancy Pelosi's husband is CEO of a investment firm. It
         | shouldn't be that surprising that she tops the list for
         | investments.
         | 
         | I don't know if you're using this as an argument to favor
         | Pelosi, because this, if anything, is only another conflict of
         | interest on top of where she's currently at.
         | 
         | The disclosure and use of insider information from public
         | companies can get you in big trouble, even if you're married to
         | the people involved.
         | 
         | There's a reason why CEOs (and the like) take _HUGE_ caution
         | measures when liquidating stock and try to involve family as
         | least as possible.
        
         | KETpXDDzR wrote:
         | "80% of US Fund Managers Underperform S&P 500 Over 5 years"
         | 
         | http://www.ginsglobal.com/articles/80-of-us-fund-managers-un...
        
           | ixacto wrote:
           | And 87% over 15 years fail to beat the s&p500. With a >10yr
           | investment horizon 100% in VTSAX is the way to go IMO. Then
           | just calculate your budget and start to sell into treasury
           | bonds at the 10 year mark based on how much money is needed.
           | 
           | They should probably teach FIRE in high school, but of course
           | not you got to keep everyone enslaved to debt and learning
           | about ancient history.
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | > Nancy Pelosi's husband is CEO of a investment firm. It
         | shouldn't be that surprising that she tops the list for
         | investments.
         | 
         | Does that mean majority of CEOs of investment firms "top[ped]
         | the list for investments" during that time?
        
           | nemothekid wrote:
           | Yes, for 2020, almost every investment firm had amazing
           | returns.
        
           | harywilke wrote:
           | No, but it should be obvious that it is a relevant data point
           | to consider. If the article was about number of pool
           | installations by congress members, and you left out that the
           | husband of one of the members owned a pool installation
           | company and you are going by numbers of pools installed by
           | their families, not just the congress members themselves, it
           | would be a pretty big omission.
        
         | btilly wrote:
         | That she invests a lot, nothing weird there.
         | 
         | That her investments do so well? That's another story.
        
         | lefrenchy wrote:
         | Regardless of returns, buying TSLA leap options is a terrible
         | look and breaks down trust in institutions. How am I supposed
         | to look at that and just trust that she isn't influencing
         | policy with her options trades in mind?
         | 
         | It's not even about evidence of illegal actions, she's a public
         | official and part of her job is to build trust with the public.
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | Again, I don't disagree with you on this. I think public
           | officials should put their assets in a blind trust, and many
           | of them already do.
        
           | minsc__and__boo wrote:
           | >buying TSLA leap options is a terrible look and breaks down
           | trust in institutions
           | 
           | What is unusual about her spouse buying TSLA options? I'd say
           | that the TSLA CEO has been more influential over the TSLA
           | price than any new legislation.
        
             | mox1 wrote:
             | What about public spending on electrical charging
             | infrastructure?
             | 
             | What about reduced regulation of the franchise car
             | dealership model at the federal level?
             | 
             | Those might have a 'lil bit of an effect.
        
             | lefrenchy wrote:
             | She is one of the most powerful legislators in the country.
             | If she lobbying and pushed for EV credits for instance, it
             | could greatly affect the price of the stock. If she were to
             | put up roadblocks to block inquiries into Tesla safety
             | concerns or issues of the sort, it could prevent massive
             | price changes in the stock.
             | 
             | Just because Elon Musk has more power over the stock does
             | not exonerate her from buying potentially massively
             | lucrative options on a stock that she has power to affect.
             | My understanding is she is not under the same restrictions
             | as a CEO would be when trading that ticker, and she also
             | has entirely different incentives than CEO's do. CEO's have
             | the incentive to make the company perform well because
             | their compensation is tied to the share price. Nancy Pelosi
             | in this case has the incentive to rule favorably for Tesla
             | because her options will benefit from it. Those incentives
             | are very very different.
        
             | fennecfoxen wrote:
             | She's the Speaker of the House. Outstanding legislation
             | proposed by the President of the United States (a member of
             | her political party) would subsidize the electric vehicle
             | sector to the tune of $174 billion.
             | 
             | If you don't think this gives rise to the appearance of
             | impropriety, then what precisely does?
        
               | minsc__and__boo wrote:
               | >would subsidize the electric vehicle sector to the tune
               | of $174 billion
               | 
               | The U.S. infrastructure deal was unanimously supported by
               | all members of the house, not just the speaker.
               | 
               | This type of uncertainty/doubt argument can go both ways.
               | Her spouse lost money on that specific option call, so
               | that could also be proof she didn't use her influence.
        
               | fennecfoxen wrote:
               | > The U.S. infrastructure deal was unanimously supported
               | 
               | No it wasn't. By all members with a (D) after the name
               | _who she leads_ , perhaps, and some others, but not all.
               | 
               | > that could also be proof she didn't use her influence
               | 
               | I don't find this a compelling enough argument that it
               | would likely restore the public's lost trust in these
               | institutions.
        
               | minsc__and__boo wrote:
               | >I don't find this a compelling enough argument that it
               | would likely restore the public's lost trust in these
               | institutions.
               | 
               | Which is precisely the point of how illogical it is.
        
           | dogorman wrote:
           | > _breaks down trust in institutions._
           | 
           | This is why avoiding the _appearance_ of impropriety is
           | almost as important as avoiding impropriety itself. When you
           | do things that people might reasonably mistake for unethical,
           | it contributes to the perception that such unethical behavior
           | is commonplace. That, in turn, might inspire others to
           | actually behave unethically, or alternatively to despair that
           | they live in such a society. Either is socially harmful.
        
         | shusaku wrote:
         | Apparently they should be put in a blind trust for their own
         | financial well being!
        
         | stingraycharles wrote:
         | Do other CEOs of investment firms have similar returns?
        
       | vidoc wrote:
       | Many years ago, 60 minutes interviewed her about these kind of
       | dealings:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ReZ7DdT5ZoI
        
       | robbrown451 wrote:
       | Shouldn't HN steer clear of things like this with a political
       | slant? She is a very divisive figure and I don't see how this
       | sort of article makes HN better.
        
         | eternalban wrote:
         | Information is valuable. Crazy idea: have no-comment threads.
        
         | chrisan wrote:
         | This could be viewed as activism against all parties
         | 
         | > In the House and the Senate reports Mr. Whale showed that
         | both parties, no matter their allegiance, seem to be trading
         | and often legislating to benefit their own positions.
        
         | dcassett wrote:
         | The political climate has piqued my interest in the workings of
         | the US government. I appreciate helpful HN commenters that
         | provide information that I don't have time to research.
        
         | brodouevencode wrote:
         | That ship sailed a long time ago.
        
       | cgb223 wrote:
       | In the same way that CEOs trades are planned months in advance
       | and happen regardless of the market, we should make Congress
       | people should have to do the same
        
       | jb775 wrote:
       | Elected & appointed govt workers and their immediate families
       | shouldn't be permitted to buy/sell any stock while in office or 5
       | years following.
       | 
       | And they shouldn't be allowed to take jobs/money (including
       | "speaking fees", a.k.a. bribes) from publicly owned corporations
       | for 15 years after leaving public office.
        
       | TrispusAttucks wrote:
       | Writing regulation policy is one hell of a way to perform insider
       | trading. Why is this legal?
       | 
       | "Most of Pelosi's gains are quite interesting, given the timing
       | of her plays. For example, she was able to get into TSLA, DIS
       | around stimulus news, NVDA before American Semiconductor funding
       | was announced, among a long list of interesting picks. Mr. Whale
       | leaves it to the reader to check her transactions and the news
       | around her purchases (all available for free on the platform).
       | She also timed the NFLX buys on June 18th perfectly. It was
       | released on July 14th that NFLX is entering the videogame space,
       | causing the stock to rally significantly."
        
       | underseacables wrote:
       | Congress has some of the richest people in America. I've always
       | been intrigued by that.
        
         | handrous wrote:
         | The country was founded by people who thought taxation without
         | representation was worth fighting a war over, but also thought
         | it completely obvious that they didn't mean representation for
         | _poor_ people (imagine! Poor people with a say in government!),
         | so denied them the franchise. And of course there was the whole
         | thing where it was legal for some folks to own other folks.
         | 
         | But taxation (of rich people) without representation (for rich
         | people)? Oh, intolerable! Better go to war over _that_
         | injustice. Pay some poor people to kill each other over it
         | (then forget to pay the bill, naturally).
         | 
         | 250ish years later and rich people only _de facto_ run the
         | government, rather than _de jure_. Progress, I suppose.
        
           | atakeuu wrote:
           | If given the choice I'd rather pay zero income tax than vote,
           | which is how it was 250 years ago, given the number of people
           | that don't vote I'm probably a majority.
        
           | willcipriano wrote:
           | Is it your assertion that the poor did not consume tea in
           | late 1700's America? I always assumed the Sons of Liberty had
           | both wealthy and more middle class members.
        
             | handrous wrote:
             | > Is it your assertion that the poor did not consume tea in
             | late 1700's America?
             | 
             | The Tea Act was (among other things) intended to, and
             | probably did, _lower_ the price of tea in America. It hurt
             | smugglers and tea importers.
             | 
             | > I always assumed the Sons of Liberty had both wealthy and
             | more middle class members.
             | 
             | Any non-landowners who participated (were there many?) got
             | had, then, since they couldn't vote under the original
             | constitution and state laws at the time. They also didn't
             | get a say in the drafting of the constitution or in
             | ratifying it (I mean, obviously, who wants them stinking up
             | the place?)
             | 
             | "But they got representation--just not the right to vote,
             | or to run for many offices" Sure, but that's awfully close
             | to an argument from the other side of the Atlantic, that
             | rich British citizens in America didn't find convincing
             | when it was applied to _them_ :
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_representation
             | 
             | [EDIT] All I'm saying is, we're a country the _founding
             | principle_ of which is basically  "it's not who your
             | parents are that make you worthwhile--it's having money".
             | That was the _fundamental_ disagreement between the
             | Colonies (that is: the people who drove us to war, and who
             | formed the government afterward) and Britain. Given our
             | veneration of that founding, it 's unsurprising that a
             | country still operating under a constitution drafted by
             | slavers and drug smugglers would tend, perhaps even more
             | than other places, to be run by particularly scummy rich
             | people with little shame about the shady ways they make
             | their money.
        
         | syshum wrote:
         | Yes but they are the virtuous rich..
         | 
         | The evil rich are in the private sector...
         | 
         | We have to remember that at all times
         | 
         | /s
        
         | atatatat wrote:
         | "Intrigued"? You mean suspicious?
        
           | underseacables wrote:
           | Yes, deeply suspicious, I was trying to split the difference
           | and not get political. I think it's terrible. Members of
           | Congress should not be allowed to own, trade, or have
           | anything to do with the stock market. I always heard a rumor
           | that members of Congress are always richer when they leave
           | than when they entered. That should really piss Americans
           | off, but it doesn't depending on which party is in power, and
           | which party that person subscribes to.
           | 
           | Edit: Grammar and Spelling
        
             | trident5000 wrote:
             | I have no issue with them owning a handful of broad ETF's
             | like the SPY. Other than that they shouldnt be placing bets
             | on specific parts of the economy they clearly have
             | influence over.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | I do think there's dirty play here, but I think you can't
             | realistically prevent the ownership of equity instruments
             | by politicians. You could demand they be held in blind
             | trusts; you could demand they be able to be long-only on
             | broad-based mutual funds; you could make demands that they
             | announce their trades 3 trading days before enacting them.
             | 
             | I think you can't realistically (and shouldn't) block them
             | from owning equities entirely though.
             | 
             | You don't need to block them having anything to do with the
             | stock market; you just need to eliminate the presence _and
             | appearance_ of dirty play.
        
             | swalsh wrote:
             | I disagree entirely. Markets are more effecient when these
             | high information actors are allowed to interact with it.
             | That said, it should be far more transparent.
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | I think they should be able to own an investment portfolio,
             | but while they are in office (and perhaps after, if they
             | engage in lobbying) it should be in a blind trust.
        
               | stonemetal12 wrote:
               | How do blind trusts operate? Surely you don't put in 4K
               | of APPL shares and a couple of years later get back
               | carrot futures or some thing.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | I don't know details but in general the portfolio would
               | be managed by a trustee, probably with a certain goal
               | specified in advance (preservation of capital, growth,
               | blended, etc.) the key is that the owner of the assets
               | has no control over or knowledge of the specific
               | investments once the trust is formed.
               | 
               | I don't know if a rollover into a blind trust has to
               | involve a complete liquidation to cash to start off. That
               | would make sense, since then there could be no
               | assumptions about which securities the trust held.
        
         | treis wrote:
         | Google tells me that Rick Scott from Florida is the richest at
         | a net worth of $260 million. Which, in the grand scheme of
         | things, isn't all that wealthy.
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | In the grands scheme of things.. it's extremely wealthy.
           | 
           | The top 1% make 500k The top .01 make 18 million.
           | 
           | 260 millions put Rick in a world of his own.
           | 
           | Only 16,000 families make at least 7 mlion a year.
        
             | stonemetal12 wrote:
             | You seem to be confusing make per year, and total net
             | worth, unless you are suggesting that at 260 million net
             | worth he would have had to make at least 10 million a year
             | or some such.
        
       | calebm wrote:
       | The best way to predict the future is to make it.
        
       | grillvogel wrote:
       | Interesting that DelBene is also so high on the list but not
       | really mentioned at all
       | 
       | "Her husband, Kurt DelBene, is Chief Digital Officer and EVP of
       | Corporate Strategy, Core Services Engineering and Operations at
       | Microsoft Corporation,[33] and led the effort to fix the
       | Healthcare.gov website at the request of President Barack
       | Obama.[34]"
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzan_DelBene#Personal_life
        
       | sceew wrote:
       | Not sure why the % returns really matter here.
       | 
       | Even if you lose money, insider trading is still insider trading.
       | Congress + senators 100% receive insider information. Even if its
       | not near-term merger announcements or big federal contracts -
       | they still have an extremely advantaged position and access to
       | information that the general public doesn't have.
       | 
       | Its ridiculous that they can trade individual stocks, yet alone
       | options.
       | 
       | They should be restricted from buying individual stocks, and
       | should only be allowed to buy mutual funds and ETFs at a minimum.
       | Pretty much any employee on Wall Street (even if "back-office")
       | has similar restrictions.
       | 
       | I don't even know why this is a question - the optics of short-
       | term levered bets from elected officials (or family of) is
       | terrible. Completely ruins any resemblance of "public service."
       | 
       | Even with this, it might not be enough. Elected officials could
       | still buy the TQQQ ETF (3x leverage on NASDAQ) prior to a
       | stimulus bill passing. It would be too onerous to not allow any
       | stock exposure, but maybe they should be required to disclose
       | trades in real-time vs. at the end of every quarter.
        
       | swalsh wrote:
       | Is there an ETF where I can invest in the same things politicians
       | are investing in?
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | No because if there was and it did outperform the market, the
         | returns would quickly evaporate as more and more people rushed
         | in to invest in that ETF.
        
           | somebodythere wrote:
           | And yet strategy ETFs still exist
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | She does as well as Rentech's Medallion fund. Looks like Warren
       | Buffett has a competitor.
       | 
       | Reminds me of Hillary Clinton's remarkable skill trading cattle
       | futures. I suppose great politicians must also be great at
       | reading the market. Incredible talent.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | Warren Buffet has not had much luck since the Goldman Sachs
         | investment in 2008. If anything, he's had a few investments
         | flop (IBM, Kraft Heinz) and missed out on a ton of growth from
         | not being in tech. I assume BRK is keeping up with the market
         | due to its significant AAPL holdings.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | So much for value investing, eh? Looks like tech stocks are
           | where it's at.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Tech stocks delivering stellar profits and profit margins,
             | increasing quarter after quarter for years, is value
             | investing to me.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | But not to the BRK boys, who underweight tech.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | udev wrote:
       | Isn't this just saying that Pelosi has a good financial advisor?
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | aka Nancy Pelosi is a good financial advisor to Paul Pelosi
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Of course. Classified intelligence reports and draft
         | legislation negotiations are a great advisor.
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | It looks like she bought apple, amazon and nvidia. Not
           | exactly obscure bets.
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | It's the timing, not that they are popular stocks.
        
             | swalsh wrote:
             | She also doesn't seem to be in a hurry to legislate them
             | either.
        
         | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
         | Boy this contract for Boeing looks like it's gonna go through.
         | Better invest!
         | 
         | Uh oh looks like Lockheed isn't getting any this year. Better
         | divest!
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | Pelosi et al
       | 
       | are fucking criminals. They should be in prison...
       | 
       | I dont think its my responsibility to tell you why, and how... If
       | you have not been paying attention to the corruption that is all
       | abound between tech and politics, or even if you havent even had
       | a glimpse/perception of it or a gut feeling for it, then nobody
       | can help you on that path.
       | 
       | She is scum, there are so many that are scum.
       | 
       | She needs to have AGE limits and EARNING limits applied to her
       | seat in congress....
       | 
       | Get the fuck out.
       | 
       | She attempted to place her god-son (Newsome) as the next
       | presidential candidate and he fucked up so badly in CA that they
       | went with her next best minion, the prison person: Kamala
       | Harris....
       | 
       | You remember her? The Coked out girlfrien of Willy Brown? The one
       | who created a secret Masonic Police in the state of california,
       | the one who wanted to jail parents if their kids missed school.
       | The one who wanted to keep people in for profit prisons beyond
       | their release dates so the prisons got more tax payer money?
       | 
       | Yeah - I am not doing the research for you... go look it up if
       | youre ignorant to what pieces of shit these people are....
        
       | metabagel wrote:
       | This is mostly her husband's trading, which probably constitutes
       | somewhat of a loophole in the legislation controlling stock
       | purchases by members of congress. Still, the transactions were
       | reported as required, and trading based on insider knowledge is
       | illegal, so he would be subject to prosecution if that's what he
       | was doing.
       | 
       | The optics are bad, for sure.
       | 
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-10/pelosi-hu...
        
         | ipaddr wrote:
         | "he would be subject to prosecution if that's what he was
         | doing"
         | 
         | You would, so would I but history has shown he won't have to
         | worry about that.
        
       | DevKoala wrote:
       | Studying Pelosi's portfolio is one of the key strategies every
       | trader should know by now.
       | 
       | I have made a lot of money following her trades, particularly
       | when she jumped in on Crowdstrike right before the government
       | security hacks.
       | 
       | This lady can tell the future. /s
        
       | whoopdedo wrote:
       | Perhaps someone could create an index fund that tracks trades by
       | members of Congress. Though on second thought it might not be
       | very useful since there can be quite a delay between the
       | transaction and when it's disclosed.
        
         | pjfin123 wrote:
         | It looks like they outperform the general market and hedge
         | funds, probably not a bad idea:
         | https://www.barrons.com/articles/SB5000142405311190443360457...
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | That's way more interesting than hearing that Nancy Pelosi
           | had a good quarter. I'd be curious what the mean and median
           | are. I can easily imagine a few key trades netting huge
           | returns that skew the curve.
        
         | chaostheory wrote:
         | It's not a fund, but hopefully they're still up and running.
         | https://govtrades.org/
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | Far beyond limiting what members of congress or other high office
       | holders can invest in while in office, I think the ideal should
       | be that public office holders must play a Rawlsian gamble: when
       | they leave office, we select a random citizen, and their level of
       | wealth is wiped to match that citizen. Excess goes to a fund for
       | public campaign financing.
       | 
       | Not only should politicians not be incentivized to select
       | policies which benefit them specifically, but they should be
       | incentivized to select policies which materially benefit the
       | population overall.
        
       | bagacrap wrote:
       | "This is pretty incredible, for an average return of her stocks
       | and options is 56.15%. The S&P, with its raucous best performing
       | year, is only up 36% from last June"
       | 
       | Strange to compare against sp500 when her holdings are more
       | aligned with NASDAQ, up ~50% from last June.
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | Hey man they are trying to make news and get clicks. Doing a
         | favorable comparison isn't going to get traffic.
        
           | jedimind wrote:
           | The most common symbol of comparison is the s&p500, you'll
           | usually find it as first suggested symbol among the most
           | popular charting software (tradingview for instance)
        
       | whywhywhywhy wrote:
       | I'd be fine with politicians being paid more if it was completely
       | illegal (with prison time) for them or their partners to do this.
       | 
       | Seems like the system is built in a way that encourages them to
       | insider trade and throw kickbacks around to maximize their wealth
       | while in power and after.
        
       | robbmorganf wrote:
       | Just an observation: IF we take it as GIVEN that policymakers are
       | going to find a way to earn some fixed amount X which is greater
       | than their salary (this is a big assumption and probably not
       | true, but just for a thought experiment)
       | 
       | THEN maybe making money from stock options is actually better
       | than taking money from lobbyists? Lawmakers can make money from
       | both hurting and helping companies, so it doesn't create a
       | particular incentive to go out and help PARTICULAR companies
       | (that said, there is an incentive to create volatility, which
       | isn't great). Meanwhile, lobbying tends to advantage some of the
       | least ethical companies (e.g. Opiods, fossil fuels) because the
       | only incentive is to HELP the company at the expense of
       | customers.
       | 
       | To be clear, I don't think it's right for lawmakers to make any
       | more by virtue of their position than the salaries set forth by
       | the law. I'm just saying that of the several unethical ways they
       | can make money, stock options have incentives least misaligned
       | with the public good.
        
         | Clubber wrote:
         | >I'm just saying that of the several unethical ways they can
         | make money, stock options have incentives least misaligned with
         | the public good.
         | 
         | You are assuming that said laws are for the public good and not
         | the good of lobbyists. I would guess this happens more often
         | than not: politicians pass a law that is for lobbyists and
         | against the public good, then make money buying stock against
         | the reaction of said law.
         | 
         | "Never trust a politician," is probably as old as civilization,
         | why do we think ours are any better?
         | 
         | Oh, and when the system finally crumbles from under all the
         | rot, guess who suffers and who doesn't. I'll give a hint, the
         | people who control the police and criminal justice system won't
         | be the ones suffering.
        
         | jdoliner wrote:
         | Making money through insider trading is very maligned with the
         | public good. One it is essentially using the stock market as a
         | mechanism to transfer wealth from unknowing public traders to
         | insider traders, if they're making money they're making it off
         | of someone. Two, because of this, it creates the existential
         | risk of a lose of trust in the public markets which can lead to
         | their collapse. It's a real case of who watches the watchmen
         | though because insider trading laws were, of course, created by
         | congress itself.
        
       | c7DJTLrn wrote:
       | Why are all of the members of Congress extremely wealthy? Doesn't
       | seem particularly representative of the general population.
       | Members of the UK Parliament are generally upper-class, but
       | they're not all extremely wealthy.
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | They aren't all extremely wealthy. The powerful committee
         | leaders, majority and minority leaders, etc. generally are
         | because they are the ones who choose which issues will make it
         | to general debate and vote, so they are the ones who have the
         | ability to influence markets.
         | 
         | Some random young representative from the middle of nowhere has
         | almost no influence in congress. It takes years and powerful
         | backers to develop that. Part of the argument for term limits
         | is to prevent people from making a career out of being a
         | representative or senator, which is what you need to do
         | accumulate power.
        
       | wyldfire wrote:
       | Sorry if this is a stupid question - I've only seen options as a
       | compensation mechanism. Can you buy options on the open market
       | just like shares? If not, how do politicians end up with options?
        
         | computerex wrote:
         | Of course, they are a huge market. You can do it with most
         | brokers including robinhood.
         | 
         | Not only can you buy options, you can also write the contract
         | and sell it on the market.
        
         | akiselev wrote:
         | An "option" is a generic name for a contract that gives you the
         | _option_ of doing something in the future. The stock options
         | employees get as part of their compensation and the options
         | stock traders deal in (a financial instrument) are very
         | specific forms of those kinds of contracts.
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | This is what "kids" on Robinhood were doing the last year or
         | so.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | The "options as a compensation mechanism" are primarily due to
         | the tax efficiency of options as a whole.
         | 
         | The options contract market is massive, in the public markets
         | they are fungible and actively tradeable. In private equity
         | markets they are mostly limited to compensation mechanisms.
        
         | swalsh wrote:
         | Options are probably the most common mechanism for a person to
         | leverage themselves. An out-of-the-money option will yield far
         | more than simply buying a single share. That said, it's a lot
         | more risky.
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | Yes you can buy options, however, you need a different type of
         | brokerage account to trade options. I believe there is a high
         | minimum amount, a few hundred thousands, to open an account
         | that is able to trade options.
        
           | txsoftwaredev wrote:
           | You can trade options with just a couple of bucks or on
           | margin. You don't need a bunch of cash. I've done it on
           | Robinhood and bought some calls for a few hundred bucks.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | Yes, you can purchase (and sell) options via many brokerage
         | websites. Robinhood became quite popular because it made it
         | very easy via an app for the masses.
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | There's loads of different options. A quick introduction:
         | 
         | https://www.investopedia.com/options-basics-tutorial-4583012
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | kmonad wrote:
       | +56% vs the S&P's +36%. This does not look "suspicious", from a
       | purely statistical point of view.
        
         | La1n wrote:
         | Especially considering this is a multiple testing issue. When
         | checking a lot of politicians there is likely going to be
         | someone who is doing really well, even if it's just by chance.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_comparisons_problem
        
         | stonemetal12 wrote:
         | As a single data point I agree, I wonder if there is a long
         | term view. Especially something that tracks before office,
         | during office, after office.
        
       | dpierce9 wrote:
       | They sold Amazon calls going into COVID. A call is a right to buy
       | so selling a call means you have an obligation to sell the stock
       | to the buyer at the strike price on or before the expiry
       | (assuming American option). Can't see the strike price or expiry
       | but there is no way they didn't lose money on that trade since
       | Amazon was up up up and away every month after that and it would
       | have had to be way out of the money not to trigger. In other
       | words, not a particularly heads up trade.
        
       | sentinel wrote:
       | Disgusting.
        
       | UncleOxidant wrote:
       | I'll have what she's having.
        
       | boulos wrote:
       | Oh and looking more closely, this methodology is super poor
       | (though I'm sympathetic to the challenge with the disclosure
       | format).
       | 
       | Basically, by assuming that all the trades were the maximum of
       | the range (and per trade), it's overweighting the PayPal and
       | Crowdstrike performance and downweighting the MSFT and GOOG
       | "under performance" (they bought GOOG near the top?).
       | 
       | I don't follow why most of the Feb 20 options aren't being valued
       | either. _Those_ were the "scandalous" trades. And they were all
       | (IIRC), 1-year out LEAPs or something. Seemed a reasonable thing
       | at the time! ("People are panicking, buy now and assume it's back
       | to normal in a year").
       | 
       | Has someone done a more careful analysis? (At the very least, I
       | strongly doubt that the positions would be the same between the
       | crowd strike and MSFT shares, and that the MSFT shares were
       | purchased alongside the MSFT options as a hedge).
       | 
       | Edit: And umm, all the options trades are listed _explicitly_ as
       | the number of contracts purchased. So people can easily look up
       | the VWAP or similar for the purchase date and get a real
       | number...
        
       | misiti3780 wrote:
       | I wouldnt be against members of congress trading stocks as long
       | as the trades were published at the end of every day after market
       | close.
        
       | subsubzero wrote:
       | I am shocked that politicians are even allowed to trade options,
       | I feel like shorting stocks and option trading should be off the
       | table once you are elected to office.
        
         | kinghajj wrote:
         | I think there'd be room for covered calls & married puts in a
         | politician's portfolio. The "collar" strategy is great for
         | preserving one's capital. They should still be managed in blind
         | trusts, though.
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | Her husband is making these trades and he's a longtime active
         | investor and VC.
        
           | soheil wrote:
           | Did most "longtime active investor and VC[s]" make so much
           | money?
        
             | spullara wrote:
             | Last year? Hell yes.
        
             | minsc__and__boo wrote:
             | Yes? The markets have had ridiculous returns in the
             | reporting period and the spousal investments are not
             | unusual.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | Some do, some don't. Either way, attributing Nancy Pelosi's
             | wealth to Something akin to insider trading, when her worth
             | is largely derived from her husband's investment firm, is
             | torturing the truth just a little bit.
        
               | jtbayly wrote:
               | Unless politicians outperform the market in general...
               | 
               | Oops. They do.
        
             | pvarangot wrote:
             | Last year? I think in general yes, very much yes.
        
           | marcellus23 wrote:
           | ...which is itself a conflict of interest, obviously?
        
       | trident5000 wrote:
       | All comments critical of Nancy and the corruption getting
       | downvoted in this thread. Democrat party censor contractor in
       | full force.
        
       | the_optimist wrote:
       | 1) Nancy Pelosi is ethical and an upstanding citizen, a true
       | hero-person among ordinary people. 2) There are no prospective
       | conflicts of interest in having your significant other trade on
       | your behalf. If there were any such conflicts, they're acceptable
       | anyway. 3) There's nothing unusual around these trades. Many
       | lawmakers underperform the market anyway. Also some people under-
       | perform and over-perform. Nothing to see here nor question. 4)
       | Legislating around the companies you buy and sell is an
       | acceptable, both in governance structure and in economic
       | opportunism 5) There is no way to mitigate these conflicts of
       | interest anyway, so there is no point in paying attention to
       | them.
        
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