[HN Gopher] Spanish police seize large drone used to carry drugs...
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       Spanish police seize large drone used to carry drugs from Morocco
        
       Author : shsachdev
       Score  : 166 points
       Date   : 2021-07-21 10:20 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (english.elpais.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (english.elpais.com)
        
       | ape4 wrote:
       | The obvious advantage for the smugglers is that there is no
       | person to get busted.
        
         | munk-a wrote:
         | The obvious disadvantage is that the drone is programmed with a
         | source and destination point which are easily extracted from
         | the machine. Cleaver LEOs could probably get to the receiving
         | point within the window when the drone is expected and, if not,
         | the points are probably pretty close to their base of
         | operations.
         | 
         | When interrogating a pilot the pilot can clearly signal
         | distress to compatriots and is likely going to take longer to
         | actually disclose their intended destination.
        
       | peteretep wrote:
       | Am I completely off-base in thinking almost everything about a
       | submersible drone is a better idea? No radar signature, much
       | bigger haulage, can idle in location for much longer when needed,
       | and presumably supports somewhat surreptitious unloading at sea
       | if needed?
        
         | Arnt wrote:
         | The sea is flat and you can see a long way. Radar can see a
         | long way. These people could choose a landing spot in a hilly
         | area with few people and many roads, where few people could see
         | the drone land and they could unload, drive off and mingle with
         | traffic after only a few minutes' driving.
         | 
         | Maybe the drone could even finish charging unattended and take
         | off to fly back to Morocco.
        
           | snovv_crash wrote:
           | They can do a battery swap while unloading and send it back
           | immediately
        
             | Taniwha wrote:
             | The mugin package offers a charger option for the gas
             | powered main motor
        
         | Jabbles wrote:
         | There is not a large industry of hobby submarine drones you can
         | leverage - much more technical skill and effort would be
         | needed.
        
         | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
         | From a documentary I watched something like this is one of the
         | preferred techniques for the Colombian cartels now. It's called
         | the torpedo technique.
         | 
         | They design torpedo style units that get towed behind a fishing
         | boat or such. At a desired location they detach it, and it just
         | loiters below the surface. At some pre-arranged time it pops up
         | to the surface and activates a radio beacon, so that a pickup
         | ship can snag it.
         | 
         | It's less complicated than building an autonomous AUV, and far
         | less likely to be spotted by arial surveillance than a
         | narcosub. Lower capacity but still very lucrative I imagine.
         | And very nearly risk free.
        
         | bayesian_horse wrote:
         | These narco-submersibles have a much higher entry cost,
         | apparently. And you'd probably need something a few meters
         | long, just to house the motor necessary to fight the currents.
         | 
         | The drone was apparently off the shelves. And the police didn't
         | say if they ever actually got it into the air at all.
        
         | squarefoot wrote:
         | Narcos already use mini-submarines, although they're manned.
         | They have already been seized in Colombia, Spain and elsewhere
         | in the past.
         | 
         | https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/26/inenglish/15747...
         | 
         | https://news.sky.com/story/homemade-narco-sub-captured-by-sp...
         | 
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/hisutton/2020/08/31/completely-...
         | 
         | https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/dramatic-video-shows-co...
        
         | Y-Bopinator wrote:
         | Why make it unmanned when you have an army of soldiers. Put a
         | man in there to steer or scuttle the ship if needed.
        
         | RealityVoid wrote:
         | Radio communication is made more difficult by being surrounded
         | by water.
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | The main downsides will be that it has much more drag to fight
         | against and also if you're actually underwater you can't just
         | use GPS like you can in the air making navigation much harder.
        
         | detritus wrote:
         | The Straits of Gibraltar has a strong net inflow current, which
         | might make drone submersibles a bit prone to getting lost.
         | 
         | Also, the prior art for smuggling across the straits were fast
         | launches which would bump upon to beaches and be quickly
         | disgorged. This means that the Guardia Civil take a lot of
         | interest in what happens along the coast.
         | 
         | Also, let it be said that the coast up East from Gibraltar is
         | very much not as empty as it is from Algeciras Westwards, with
         | a lot of development on the Costa del Sol. Makes it hard to
         | have slower than launches/ribs submarines do their thing.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | > The Straits of Gibraltar has a strong net inflow current
           | 
           | Just a fun fact, I heard that during WWII most of the U-boats
           | that made it through the Strait of Gibraltar never made it
           | out. A combination of being sunk and not having powerful
           | enough engines to make it back out.
        
             | galaxyLogic wrote:
             | Does that mean the Mediterranean is filling up like a
             | bathtub?
        
               | detritus wrote:
               | A bathtub that significantly evaporates over its suface,
               | yes, sort of.
               | 
               | - ed. Less bubbles.
        
       | eloff wrote:
       | I predicted drug smuggling via drones would be a thing when I
       | learned about consumer drones 7 years ago now. Sometimes it sucks
       | to be right.
        
       | antb1235 wrote:
       | When the price drops enough maybe refugees by drone?
        
       | votingprawn wrote:
       | Its a mugin if anyone is interested (take the manufacturer specs
       | with a handfull of salt)
       | https://www.muginuav.com/product/mugin-5-pro-5000mm-super-la...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | In British English 'mug[g]ins' is a fool being taken advantage
         | of.
        
         | SMAAART wrote:
         | only 12k? I want one!
        
           | api_or_ipa wrote:
           | $12k for the airframe. Each engine (4x) is another $8k. I
           | wouldn't be surprised if the out-the-door cost of the
           | airframe, engines, avionics and controls surpasses $50k.
        
             | munk-a wrote:
             | Actually, from their website it looks like there is a
             | bundle package[1] of the necessary guts that brings the
             | full price to about 20k.
             | 
             | 1. https://www.muginuav.com/product/power-package-for-
             | mugin-445...
        
               | atourgates wrote:
               | I wonder what they're using as a flight controller? Is it
               | linked to the ground (via cellular or similar) during the
               | whole flight? Or autonomous for part of it?
               | 
               | EDIT: Looks like their ARTF electric version uses the
               | Ardupilot CUAV V2+ -
               | https://ardupilot.org/copter/docs/common-cuav-v5plus-
               | overvie...
               | 
               | I can't find any information on the data link, that they
               | call: "Sprintlink Pro Data link & Video Link". So not
               | sure if this uses cellular networks, or something else
               | during flight. Hybrid products definitely exist:
               | https://www.skyhopper.biz/products/communication-data-
               | links-...
               | 
               | EDIT 2: The ARTF version is wild. For under $20K - you
               | can just buy a drone that can deliver a 3kg package
               | (6.6lbs) anywhere within about a 100 mile range.
               | https://www.muginuav.com/product/mugin-ev350-full-
               | electric-v...
               | 
               | Besides "last mile shipping" and smuggling implications,
               | I'm trying to think of how this could be useful today.
               | Maybe some kind of search and rescue where someone
               | activates a personal locator beacon, and you could send
               | them supplies before you could reach them? A little under
               | a gallon of water?
               | 
               | IDK, seems like a stretch. But I feel like there has to
               | be more practical implications.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | I looked up the cost of Warmates and they are also around
               | $20k. Considering APKWS has existed for much longer and
               | has a higher explosive yield and range and the fact that
               | an Apache can carry a whole rocket killer swarm of 38
               | APKWS I honestly don't see how "slaughter bots" are
               | supposed to be a threat when drones are that expensive.
               | 
               | The myth that drones are cheap should die. Crappy plastic
               | toys with flight times measured in minutes are cheap. The
               | real deal is just as expensive as everything else.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | Things become cheap if they are mass-produced.
               | 
               | Most current drones are highly custom, like cars in 1900.
               | They can be much cheaper once a "Ford T" of drone tech
               | emerges.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | coolspot wrote:
           | That's just empty airframe without any electronics or engine.
        
           | TOMDM wrote:
           | Yeah I was surprised by that figure too
           | 
           | Seems it's only the airframe though and maybe the fuel tank.
           | 
           | VTOL motors, alternator, engine, props, control system etc.
           | are all extra.
        
         | hengheng wrote:
         | So manufacturer says MTOW is 90kg, which likely means they
         | barely got it in the air once at freezing temperatures on a
         | very long tarmac strip. Max speed of 170 km/h would indicate
         | that it's happy cruising at around 120-150 km/h. The place they
         | found it in a barn is 170km away from the Morrocan coast around
         | El Hoceima, so about two hours of flight including take-off and
         | climb. Compared to a specified 7hr max flight time, they'd have
         | to fill it up to about one third, so 9 liters of fuel, or 7kg.
         | 
         | An empty weight of 25kg and 7kg of fuel gives us rougly 32kg of
         | empty take-off mass, and you then could load it up with not-
         | quite 50kg of payload. Significant, but a far cry from the
         | 150kg that was reported.
        
           | blutack wrote:
           | Unfortunately, the 26.5kg empty weight they specify is the
           | bare airframe. That means it excludes the engine, VTOL
           | powertrain (motors + escs + props), general
           | wiring/electronics and VTOL batteries.
           | 
           | Their quoted "25kg" payload is likely about right for a
           | shorter flight.
        
             | yial wrote:
             | This is running on gas, not electric. Their suggested
             | config includes 27 liters of fuel.
        
               | mwambua wrote:
               | Interesting! I was confused by the electric vertical
               | motors in the news story's image... but it looks like the
               | main engine is fuel powered, and an alternator powers the
               | electric motors: https://www.muginuav.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2020/12/Mugin-60...
        
             | hengheng wrote:
             | Yeah, likely. I'd still be confident that it can cross the
             | mediterranean away from the Strait of Gibraltar. But maybe
             | the overpromising is why they found it in a barn in mint
             | condition, and not in the air.
        
               | blutack wrote:
               | Definitely given enough fuel and decent weather.
        
           | snovv_crash wrote:
           | 90kg is in VTOL mode, it doesn't have wheels for a rolling
           | takeoff
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | lovemenot wrote:
       | It's just _marijuana_ and _hashish_ in the payload. From Morocco,
       | that 's Bush and Rocky.
       | 
       | Too bad. Better luck next time.
        
         | llampx wrote:
         | The article mentions cocaine, which has a higher street value.
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | Yeah but not in relation to this seizure.
        
       | gibba999 wrote:
       | This is within the price range of a flying car (or to be clear, a
       | flying coffin; it's pretty tight in there, and I doubt the
       | safety).
       | 
       | I'd like a flying car!
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | I'm a little skeptical of the claimed vertical take off
         | capacity given the photos.
        
           | snovv_crash wrote:
           | I think it's the total capacity that it carried over several
           | flights. The journalist mixed the numbers up.
        
           | gibba999 wrote:
           | I don't need VToL. I need <30mph short runway take-off and
           | landing, which is a lot easier.
        
           | Arnt wrote:
           | This drone looks similar and its manufacturer also claims
           | VTOL and many hours' flight time: https://carbonix.com.au/
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | Every time someone mentions flying cars, I wonder what they
         | have in mind that a helicopter isn't the answer to.
         | 
         | I remember helicopters for sale in Farnborough Air Show,
         | probably 30 years ago now, the cheapest there cost about
         | PS100k. I assume inflation has quadrupled that, but I don't
         | follow that market and the stuff on eBay I am unqualified to
         | gauge the quality of.
        
           | gibba999 wrote:
           | Running costs. I want to get point A to point B cheaply, in
           | terms of both fuel and maintenance. Helicopters won't do
           | that.
        
           | neverminder wrote:
           | Helicopters never really "took off" so to speak, because
           | apparently for every 1 hour of flight they need 4 hours of
           | maintenance, amongst other issues.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Hmm. I am not even slightly a mechanic, but people do seem
             | to say electric cars need less maintenance than ICE cars.
             | Would electric helicopters (and not just quadcopters) "take
             | off"? I do see a lot of news-or-press-releases about
             | passenger drones, but I can't tell how realistic any of
             | them are.
        
               | neverminder wrote:
               | Electric helicopters would be facing the same problem as
               | electric planes - energy density. Right now fossil fuel
               | energy density is still some 40 times greater than
               | batteries and I don't think conventional batteries will
               | ever come even close to matching it. There would have to
               | be some radically new type of a battery, if such a thing
               | is even possible.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | That becomes relevant precisely when the the battery mass
               | is a significant fraction of total mass; for long
               | distance flights, this would clearly be the case because
               | even hydrocarbons are barely sufficient density on the
               | longest flights; for point-to-point within a single city,
               | which is how I expect Average Jo to use one if they were
               | safe & available at affordable rates, I expect it isn't
               | an issue.
        
               | outworlder wrote:
               | Less maintenance for the engines and a few other systems.
               | Just as much maintenance for other components. For
               | instance, the rotor blades have to be replaced every X
               | hours and can cost as much as a car, each.
        
             | _wolfie_ wrote:
             | I've never understood why flying cars should have lower
             | needs for maintainence.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Mass production allows for more optimization than small
               | production runs. Modern cars can go a long time with
               | minimal maintenance, but it took a lot of R&D to reach
               | that point.
               | 
               | The most successful small aircraft the Cessna 172 Skyhawk
               | has averaged than 1,000 produced per year and runs
               | ~400,000$ new. They could easily drop that to under 100k
               | with modest levels of automation, but can't justify
               | automation with current levels of demand. Similarly only
               | minimal levels of R&D is worth is at when the market is
               | tiny.
               | 
               | It's even worse in the Helicopter market. Presumably
               | someone designing a flying car is going to take the R&D
               | and automation risks assuming they will pay for
               | themselves.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | It's not even just the automation. There's so little
               | demand that GA is really stuck in ancient standards.
               | 
               | I flew 172s for a while and I was really surprised how
               | old most of the tech was. Built with rivets, engines
               | still using leaded (or lead replacement) gas, still using
               | manual mixture like an old car with a choke. Even the
               | wired microphone in a modern (manufactured in the 2010s)
               | C172 still has this ancient feel about it (not to mention
               | that you couldn't use it anyway as the prop noise is way
               | too loud to use a radio without headphones).
               | 
               | The instrumentation side definitely has caught up (like
               | the Garmin G1000 glass cockpit) but the whole airframe +
               | engine combo seems to come straight out of the 1950s. I
               | imagine this adds to the cost as a lot of this tech is no
               | longer mainstream so there's no economy of scale. You can
               | see this in part costs too, and in the price and
               | availability of AVGAS (some airports here really don't
               | want to carry it anymore and if they do it's really
               | expensive).
               | 
               | I've heard of C172s been retrofitted with modern
               | turbodiesels with full FADEC but I really don't get why
               | they don't come like this out of the factory these days.
               | I did see that some of the lighting tech was upgraded
               | though: The later ones did have LED beacons. But most of
               | the tech was very old.
        
               | bluedino wrote:
               | I'd hate to see the amount of paperwork the FAA would
               | require if you automated a Cessna production line.
        
               | jsight wrote:
               | With enough demand to produce 100k units per year, that
               | would amortize well too.
               | 
               | But light aircraft are a hard thing to sell for really
               | practical reasons. They have a lot of real world
               | limitations for small overall improvements in performance
               | vs ground travel.
               | 
               | This might be different for some air taxi services within
               | metropolitan areas.
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | They used to be a lot cheaper. Regulatory changes made
               | them much more expensive and reduced demand.
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | GA aircraft used to be way cheaper than they are now.
               | Regulatory changes in the 80s (I think) shifted liability
               | to the manufacturer in the event of an accident and
               | everything got more expensive. It's not really fair to
               | compare an uncertified UAV to a certified GA aircraft,
               | because the electric aircraft is going to get a lot more
               | expensive once you certify it for passengers.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I briefly worked with the FAA on their certification
               | system and it's surprisingly optimized for mass
               | production. Which should be obvious as many aircraft
               | components are needed in massive quantities even if the
               | total number of commercial aircraft are quite limited.
               | Aka the number of turbine blades is larger than the
               | number of engines which is larger than the number of
               | aircraft.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, this hits GA harder as they have vastly
               | fewer components to worry about and small production runs
               | are discouraged. That said, assuming flying cars are
               | going to come from or limited to the US seems unlikely so
               | the EASA also has a significant role.
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | Most helicopters use jet engines. I think that is where a
               | large part of the maintenance cost comes in. The rotor
               | assembly is fairly complicated mechanically, but I don't
               | know how often it needs to be serviced.
               | 
               | I think the pro-electric people are underestimating the
               | maintenance requirements though, especially since
               | anything flying has very conservative requirements put on
               | it, so just saying "these electric motors will run fine
               | for 10,000 hours" or something like that isn't going to
               | cut it.
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | > Most helicopters use jet engines. I think that is where
               | a large part of the maintenance cost comes in.
               | 
               | No, gas turbines are much more reliable, and cheaper to
               | service than reciprocating engines.
        
               | dividedbyzero wrote:
               | My understanding is that a "flying car" is pretty much
               | just a lower-maintenance, easier-to-use, safer and less
               | noisy helicopter. Any helicopter that doesn't have these
               | properties wouldn't work as a flying car, but once (if)
               | someone figures out how to do it, I guess it'll become a
               | feature of other helicopter designs as well.
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | I spend about 1/3rd of the year each year in Spain and an
       | "interesting" development related to drug trades is happening
       | here: basically lots of people realized cannabis plants were
       | flowering as well, if not better, in Spain than in Morocco.
       | 
       | The EU / Spanish polices also got apparently much better at
       | intercepting cannabis dealers trying to pass from Morocco to
       | Spain (hence maybe these new drones attempts).
       | 
       | So now there are both individuals and gangs (including gagns from
       | Morocco and from eastern europe) growing a huge lot of weed in
       | Spain. As in: it's becoming very big business.
       | 
       | Individuals have the right, legally, to grow up to two cannabis
       | plants (I think two plants for one adult in the household is the
       | rule and you can legally by flowering and auto-flowering cannabis
       | seeds in shops). But quite some individuals are, illegally,
       | growing much more than two plants as a way to meet months' ends.
       | 
       | Technically this delivery drone is impressive but dealers from
       | Morocco have much bigger problems than trying to stuff ganja into
       | drones without getting intercepted: growing cannabis plant and
       | making hashish and ganja directly in Spain, at cheaper prices.
        
         | the-dude wrote:
         | The Moroccan hash is not intended for Spain, but for the whole
         | of the EU ( NL in particular ).
        
           | sharken wrote:
           | The EU and perhaps NL in particular should really take
           | another look at legalizing at least hash.
           | 
           | It would help to also legalize cocaine, but even Colombia
           | that would benefit most from it, is still not ready to do
           | something to break the status quo.
           | 
           | https://transformdrugs.org/blog/historic-win-for-coca-
           | cocain...
        
             | dzhiurgis wrote:
             | I'm all in for cocaine legalisation, but how do you make it
             | safe? So much heart problems and overdoses that it's
             | obviously would cause so much unnecessary deaths.
        
               | colonwqbang wrote:
               | People die from cocaine even now when it's illegal. The
               | question is if harm would increase due to legalisation. I
               | think there is a good argument that harm could actually
               | be reduced since quality and dose control would be much
               | better. Treatment is also easier when those with
               | substance use disorder are not seen as criminals.
        
             | yawaworht1978 wrote:
             | Many Colombian people would agree to do this, many will
             | look at you in bewilderment. The main issue is that too
             | many people in government institutions are profiting from
             | the status quo. Colombia itself has a rather massive drug
             | use problem, or, the people of the younger generation are
             | pretty open minded about consumption.
        
               | sharken wrote:
               | Yes the corruption makes it difficult to do much, but the
               | War on Drugs has been going on for more than 50 years.
               | 
               | It's quite obvious that another 50 years will not do any
               | difference, but the proposed bill just might.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_drugs
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | Like most wars it makes the powers that be very rich I
               | guess
        
               | hsousa wrote:
               | That's exactly why they want to keep the status-quo.
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | Yes of course... but it still (used to?) mostly transit
           | through Spain, where it then is passed into France etc. Heavy
           | drugs coming from south america do also transit through
           | Spain.
           | 
           | I found back the article (in english) I read earlier this
           | year on the subject:
           | 
           | https://english.elpais.com/spanish_news/2021-02-03/spain-
           | and...
        
         | narag wrote:
         | _Individuals have the right, legally, to grow up to two
         | cannabis plants..._
         | 
         | I believe that's a misconception. There were a few loopholes,
         | fixed by a recent law (three or four year ago IIRC) that nuked
         | cannabis clubs.
         | 
         | I'd say it's mostly safe to grow one of those auto-flowering
         | seeds in your balcony, providing you use some translucid
         | plastic, but telling the police "I have the right to grow two
         | plants" seems like a weak defense.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Sounds like they need to form a co-op. Each member signs their
         | 2 plants to the co-op to manage/grow/etc. Pay the members
         | something for their "license use". I'm guessing there are
         | plenty of people that would never attempt to grow those 2
         | plants on their own, so don't let it get wasted.
         | 
         | Also, limit the co-op to be run by citizens of that
         | country/city to keep it from becoming international rings
         | (bwahahahaha, as if that would work)
        
           | derrasterpunkt wrote:
           | I think you just described the ,,Cannabis Social Clubs" in
           | Spain.
        
         | bayesian_horse wrote:
         | The article says they are smuggling cocain. I doubt cannabis
         | would be profitable enough.
         | 
         | It's not just about the cost of the drone, it must be a serious
         | undertaking for a gang to get a hand on one of those without
         | anyone noticing. The thing is basically an ultra-light
         | aircraft, and probably extremely illegal to operate anywhere in
         | Europe or any sane jurisdiction...
        
           | zenexer wrote:
           | Initially it says that the intended purpose was cocaine, but
           | then it goes on to say that online marijuana and hashish were
           | found.
        
             | bayesian_horse wrote:
             | It also doesn't say whether or not they actually had the
             | drone in the air at all.
             | 
             | Maybe those guys just hatched a crazy-ass idea, financed it
             | with their previous marijuana "business" but haven't so far
             | gotten around to actually buying cocaine in Morocco, much
             | less smuggling it with a drone...
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Maybe it's a false flag op. The smugglers left a little
               | something for the local agencies to find so they can do a
               | nice bit of PR so the public feels good about it.
               | Meanwhile, the smugglers continue using their normal
               | trade routes.
               | 
               | This will also help spur more anti-drone legislation
               | ruining for the rest of us that never intended to use
               | drones in this manner.
        
               | shoto_io wrote:
               | Those drug dealers are pain in the ass. First they sell
               | drugs to our children, and then go on to ruin our drone
               | legislation. What the hell comes next?!
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | They'll ruin your submarine legislation if you're not
               | careful
        
               | hsousa wrote:
               | Bruce Simpson is an activist that consistently exposes
               | New Zealand's government propaganda.
               | https://youtu.be/UNUtYucJchk
        
       | lovemenot wrote:
       | >> In total, 30 kilograms of marijuana and 55 of hashish were
       | found during the operations in Spain and France.
       | 
       | Yeah. A bit ambiguous. I guess the mention of cocaine was to
       | improve the profile of the bust.
        
       | yboris wrote:
       | Portugal has all drugs decriminalized. I guess smuggling drugs
       | _into_ Portugal is still illegal (and the distance is farther).
       | 
       | Can't wait till we end the stupid "war on drugs".
        
         | hsousa wrote:
         | That's the only advantage of this small and little country. In
         | Portugal it is illegal to own a cannabis plant.
        
       | pixxel wrote:
       | Can carry up to 150 kilos. Article doesn't mention street value.
       | I've no idea. If it's cocaine, is that millions of dollars? This
       | is Morocco though, so more likely hashish, which would be worth
       | considerably less. How much though? Just trying to visualise cost
       | of drone vs reward ratio.
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | I think cartels started shipping cocaine to Morocco, and from
         | there they smuggle it to Europe. It's much easier than to send
         | it directly to the EU considering how porous the Gibraltar
         | straight/maritime routes across the Mediterranean are and that
         | there are tons of very well established routes and networks
         | already used to smuggling tens of tons of hashish/weed.
        
         | blutack wrote:
         | As per votingprawn, it's 25kg at the absolute most (from the
         | manufacturers website). If you're flying any distance, a lot
         | less than that.
        
         | d1sxeyes wrote:
         | Article does mention however that "it was being used for
         | packages of narcotics, particularly cocaine".
         | 
         | https://www.statista.com/chart/18527/cocaine-retail-steet-pr...
         | shows 67 USD per gram, which means that if you've got 150kg of
         | cocaine on board, the street value is just over ten million
         | USD.
         | 
         | I don't know how much of that would be profit, but seems quite
         | likely there's an excellent cost vs reward ratio - potentially
         | even so high that these drones could be used almost disposably
         | if they are intercepted less frequently than boats.
        
         | BaRRaKID wrote:
         | Street value would be around 10EUR per gram, so 1.500.000EUR
        
           | FDSGSG wrote:
           | Sold in units of 1 gram, bigger amounts will be considerably
           | cheaper. By the kilo it isn't worth much more than 2-3 euros
           | per gram.
        
       | outworlder wrote:
       | > The drone can reach altitudes of 2,000 meters (around 7,000
       | feet), but in general would fly much lower in order to save fuel
       | and avoid detection.
       | 
       | Fly _lower_ to save fuel? How does that make sense?
        
         | avhon1 wrote:
         | Probably mostly by not expending energy to climb and then
         | descend.
         | 
         | Helicopter lift efficiency varies heavily with altitude, but
         | how it varies depends on the weight of the helicopter. Heavy
         | helicopters require quadratically more torque to hover at
         | higher altitudes, but lightly-loaded helicopters can actually
         | require less torque to hover at higher altitudes. Here's a
         | (complicated but really cool) diagram to calculate on page 7,
         | figure 7-6.
         | https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/a...
         | 
         | Since electric motor current draw is approximately linearly
         | proportional to their torque, heavy-lift electric
         | helicopters/drones would almost certainly conserve energy by
         | flying lower. I'm not sure how that applies to this drone,
         | which probably weighs below the lowest line on that diagram,
         | and also has more, smaller, higher-speed rotors.
         | 
         | This vehicle probably spend most time traveling as a fixed-wing
         | aircraft, and for those, efficiency almost always increases
         | with altitude. (Except that their combustion-powered engines
         | may require compressors to continue operating at higher
         | altitudes. This aircraft's ICE may actually suffer from this,
         | if it is an inexpensive engine not designed for aircraft.) So
         | if the statement is correct, it's probably referring to the
         | energy saved by not having to climb in the first place.
        
         | tincholio wrote:
         | The distance that needs covering to fly from northern Morocco
         | to Spain is just a few km... probably would be a waste of
         | energy to get it to 2km altitude
        
           | outworlder wrote:
           | Now that makes sense.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Fly lower to save fuel? How does that make sense?_
         | 
         | Propellers like lower speeds and altitudes; fans like higher
         | speeds and altitudes [1]. This is because propellers hit the
         | air at the true air speed. Compressors in a turbofan modify the
         | incident pressure and air speed, letting the engine purr away
         | without concern for creating shock waves.
         | 
         | This is a propeller craft.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/a...
        
           | outworlder wrote:
           | From your link:
           | 
           | > Turboprop engines are most efficient at speeds between 250
           | and 400 mph and altitudes between 18,000 and 30,000 feet
           | 
           | Ignoring the detail that your source is talking about
           | turboprop (so, turbine engine with a big fan attached) and
           | not a small piston engine, that's still not low altitude.
           | That's class A airspace!
           | 
           | Even in a piston aircraft, you have to adjust your mixture as
           | you climb, right? You have to add _less_ fuel per unit of
           | air. And there's still all the drag from the aircraft itself,
           | it's not just about propellers.
           | 
           | Sure, I doubt this drone would have a turbocharger, so
           | performance (or rather, horsepower) is expected to drop above
           | 10000ft. But not efficiency.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | Reducing the fuel/air mixture doesn't increase efficiency,
             | yes you need less fuel per unit of air, but you need more
             | units of air too.
             | 
             | The problem is the air gets thinner as you go higher,
             | meaning you need to fly at higher speeds, which means you
             | need to fight more drag. Really it's not flying at low
             | altitude to save fuel, it's flying slow to save fuel.
             | 
             | Jet engines become more efficient at higher speeds which
             | compensates for the increased drag, and thus jet aircraft
             | fuel efficiency goes up at higher altitudes. Piston engines
             | are unaffected by airspeed, so at higher speeds they are
             | doing more work at the same engine efficiency. Thus the
             | aircraft fuel efficiency goes down.
        
         | ohgodplsno wrote:
         | Lifting 150kg 2km high is a lot of energy used up. Especially
         | when you only need to cover what, a dozen kilometers
         | horizontally?
        
         | tibbon wrote:
         | Air being denser _perhaps_ means it doesn't have to hit top RPM
         | for maintain altitude?
        
           | avhon1 wrote:
           | It wouldn't need to spin as fast, but more torque would be
           | required to reach any given RPM.
        
       | anfractuosity wrote:
       | "The drug gang was flying the drone using an electronic system
       | that relayed the exact takeoff and landing points, and used
       | waypoints - i.e. places during the flight where it had to change
       | course. It could also be flown using remote control." - Does that
       | mean it was likely using GPS to follow a particular route?
        
         | blutack wrote:
         | Yes, it'll have a Pixhawk or similar in it running ArduPilot
         | (or maybe PX4). Both open source (and ArduPilot is maintained
         | by Tridge of Samba fame).
        
           | anfractuosity wrote:
           | I just found one of the products mugin sells is this -
           | https://www.muginuav.com/product/cuav-new-x7-pro-flight-
           | cont... which mentions it can run ArduPilot firmware.
        
             | blutack wrote:
             | Yep, Mugin are reselling the majority of the stuff in their
             | electronics category - they mostly make airframes AFAIK.
             | 
             | A Pixhawk Cube or similar is around the PS250 mark.
        
         | Arnt wrote:
         | Just guessing: A waypoint in a fairly lonely part of the
         | Spanish coast, then a few points so the drone won't fly over
         | cities on its way inland, finally a lonely spot to land.
        
       | blantonl wrote:
       | The next interesting step for drug dealers will be last mile of
       | delivery of product to customers.
       | 
       | Imagine coupling a Web app with a swarm of drones that can drop
       | product on your back porch in a matter of minutes.
       | 
       | You can bet it's coming for illegal products.
        
         | dghlsakjg wrote:
         | The grey market (unlicensed) weed guys in Vancouver just use
         | cars and ring the doorbell when they arrive.
         | 
         | In the summer, some of them have bikes...
        
         | tomcooks wrote:
         | Paralelni Polis released last year an interesting video of a
         | drone based last mile transport system for their hydroponic
         | lettuce, paid in cryptos
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/_vEJwD5lDTk
        
         | imtringued wrote:
         | The police then gets a nice profitable side business involving
         | the confiscation of $20k drones.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | I suppose it would have to take off for Pizza delivery before
         | they become inconspicuous enough to make illegal deliveries.
         | Like my sibling comments say, a delivery driver or bike courier
         | is a lot stealthier than a drone for now.
        
       | azalemeth wrote:
       | I wonder what the radar cross section on this thing is? It's
       | going to be at least comparable to that of a small light aircraft
       | - which are _easily_ detected by primary radar. I think flying
       | this across the med with no flight plan, no transponder, and no
       | legitimate paperwork would be a very good opportunity to get it
       | filmed extensively in-air for free by a friendly European
       | airforce. Quite possibly including an explosive and quick
       | landing, too!
        
         | radicaldreamer wrote:
         | Wonder when we'll start seeing private smuggling drones made
         | with radar reducing geometries.
        
         | ErikVandeWater wrote:
         | I imagine cartels have no problem flying lower than the legal
         | minimum altitude (difficult to track because of ground
         | clutter).
        
         | eloff wrote:
         | The article mentions it does show up on radar. But it also
         | depends on the altitude it's flying at.
         | 
         | The friendly European airforce must have been sleeping because
         | the article never mentions any attempted investigations or
         | interceptions by the same. I imagine just like the US in 9-11,
         | they'd be caught with their pants down if terrorists actually
         | tried to use a fleet of these things.
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | It may never have flown of course.
           | 
           | But here in Europe they usually have only secondary radar
           | active afaik.
        
       | Luc wrote:
       | The picture is rather deceptive, making the drone look huge
       | compared to the men standing behind it. When you play the video
       | you'll see it's not that big.
        
       | bayesian_horse wrote:
       | That drone is basically an ultra-light aircraft, able to carry
       | the weight of one or two (slim) adult humans.
       | 
       | Vertical takeoff and landing may be overkill for that use case.
       | They could probably get away with Ardupilot and just crash the
       | drone...
       | 
       | Fortunately, most people who are able to build such a drone (I
       | think many drone-hobbyists could) are smart enough not to go into
       | drug smuggling.
        
         | bayesian_horse wrote:
         | Well, ok, some people are casting doubts on the 150kg
         | payload...
        
       | consumer451 wrote:
       | That is a pretty advanced design. It's hybrid gas/electric and
       | the manufacturing looks excellent as well. I was expecting
       | something patched together along the lines of the semi-
       | submersibles that we have previously been shown.
       | 
       | On another note, I really don't see that thing carrying 150kg
       | (330lbs) of useful payload. That would be an aerodynamic marvel
       | for forward flight, and there is just no way those 4 electric
       | motors can support vertical flight with a 150kg payload.
       | 
       | I am just an r/c hobbyist and would love to know if I am off on
       | the payload somehow.
        
         | blutack wrote:
         | It's a Mugin - https://www.muginuav.com/product/mugin-6000mm-
         | extra-large-hu...
         | 
         | Payload is "25kg" and that's probably optimistic.
        
           | GordonS wrote:
           | Even if it could "only" safely carry 20kg, that's still
           | around EUR100,000-EUR150,000 at the street. I could see how
           | this method could be very profitable.
        
       | barcoder wrote:
       | This is a really good example of technology being used by
       | criminals to circumvent law enforcement while putting the public
       | at risk. While I personally think drug laws need to be updated,
       | the more interesting discussion here is about creating
       | technologies that can cause serious harm to the public and making
       | them cheap and easy enough to be used by anyone with a small
       | amount of financial backing and a strong insentive.
        
         | 27e733836x wrote:
         | Is that really the interesting discussion here? It seems like
         | the same ground journalists tread all the time when they want
         | to waste a bunch of time opining on nothing. What's the
         | alternative? Waste money on purpose? Make shittier user
         | interfaces?
        
           | sharken wrote:
           | The interesting discussion to me is why governments are not
           | doing more to decriminalize or legalize drugs.
           | 
           | That seems to be the only way out of this mess.
        
             | hsousa wrote:
             | Have you ever watched Air America?
        
       | grouphugs wrote:
       | i dream about being able to take back everything police steal
        
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