[HN Gopher] Twike
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Twike
        
       Author : legerdemain
       Score  : 257 points
       Date   : 2021-07-21 06:51 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (en.wikipedia.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (en.wikipedia.org)
        
       | hkt wrote:
       | I hope this link is from a clever would-be startup founder so
       | they can show our positive responses as they pitch basically the
       | same idea to YC.
       | 
       | More seriously, pedal power is great, better for the environment
       | and better for its users. I expect obesity rates would drop
       | dramatically if we had better cycle infrastructure (I'm in the
       | UK, statement works in most places) and especially if we had
       | family friendly power assisted cycles.
        
       | tomthe wrote:
       | I had friends who had 2 Twikes. They were really great, my
       | friends used them every day to commute for more than 10 years.
       | But they have two disadvantages:
       | 
       | * Savety if you share the road with 2000kg blobs of steel. *
       | Price. Cheap once you have them, but they are not mass-
       | manufactured and come with a heafty price for what they offer.
        
       | sunshineforever wrote:
       | I actually seriously dream of starting some sort of company to
       | build vehicles like this!
       | 
       | Other than the car designs themselves, my idea is to decentralize
       | the ownership and selling to circumvent the laws about auto
       | manufacturing. Like, "the sharing economy" but we're sharing
       | being auto manufacturers in an independent, collective way. Each
       | member will be able to sell so many "custom cars" as a private
       | individual.
       | 
       | I want to see the USA with tiny little cars and empower people to
       | be able to theoretically build/maintain their own, like a
       | bicycle.
       | 
       | I'm extremely passionate about small vehicles and I think that
       | they will be more popular in the future, when we are facing the
       | more severe effects of climate change and fuel shortage.
       | 
       | I haven't even read the thread yet, and I've never brought this
       | sort of thing up here before, but I'm slowly acquiring the
       | knowledge and skills to make building one at least a personal
       | reality some day.
       | 
       | Now, on to the thread!
        
       | bipson wrote:
       | I think after all this falls under the super-category Velomobile
       | [1] - there are plenty of other examples for two-seater, electric
       | assisted Velomobiles.
       | 
       | Also, Velomobiles are way more popular. My unkle (used to?)
       | drives one every day to work, in every weather, 40+ km one way
       | (without electric assist, at least a few years ago). And no, he
       | was never cold, he rather had problems with ventilation ;)
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velomobile
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | petruil_p wrote:
       | Having such cars in the city would solve the traffic problem. But
       | why are not selected from the car industry holders? Does the
       | customer not prefer them? Is the marketing that is missing? A
       | good example of transition in the car industry is the massive use
       | of the electric cars which I think that it began with Tesla cars.
       | Tesla cars did the break through for the electric cars from my
       | point of view. There is a need for another break through for
       | using such cars.. or an evolutionary part of the community to
       | start using and search such solutions
        
       | cylinder714 wrote:
       | I love the idea of velomobiles, but living in the American West,
       | air conditioning is a necessity.
        
       | dorfsmay wrote:
       | A very modern version but for one adult:
       | 
       | https://www.podbike.com/
        
       | dijit wrote:
       | Reminds me of a Sinclar C5[0] (my grandfather worked for the
       | company I believe, there are photos with him, my mum and a bunch
       | of these C5's)
       | 
       | It was mired in troubles; low visibility, low range (lead-acid
       | batteries being... low density compared to li-ion), quite easy to
       | break and being easy to steal.
       | 
       | Still, I think the form factor is a wonderful idea and it's nice
       | to see some alternative methods being explored for electric
       | vehicles again..
       | 
       | I sometimes see little electric "Fatboys"[1] in operation around
       | Malmo (a famously cycle friendly city); though sadly I think
       | they're mainly used by drug dealers.
       | 
       | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair_C5
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.urbanscooters.com/products/mototec-
       | fatboy-500w-e...
        
         | rswail wrote:
         | Those Fatboys look perfect for all sorts of local delivery,
         | food, drugs, groceries in general.
         | 
         | Not sure why it's particularly sad that drug dealers have
         | adopted a practical delivery vehicle though.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Drug dealers are not necessarily dumb, and can be quite
           | creative when figuring out how to go about their criminal
           | enterprising.
           | 
           | History is full of stigmatized industry leading change,
           | especially porn. Porn legitimized VHS, the internet,
           | streaming video on the internet, etc.
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | Because if they're associated with criminal behaviour then
           | they're likely to be avoided by ordinary folks.
        
         | jmrm wrote:
         | Here in Spain there are "fatboys" everywhere, Specially in
         | rural areas as a substitute of mopeds.
        
       | pg_bot wrote:
       | Reminds me of the reliant robin.[0]
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQh56geU0X8
        
       | rswail wrote:
       | Isn't the reliant robin the ICE equivalent that was/is completely
       | unstable around corners?
       | 
       | It makes a good space shuttle replacement though.
        
       | frereubu wrote:
       | I love this in principle, but the one thing I always wonder about
       | recumbent bicycles is how visible they are to lorries / trucks.
       | I've seen some with a tall aerial-like stem and a flag on top of
       | it, but knowing how bicycles can be pretty invisible to cars even
       | when wearing a reflective top at their eye height, I think I'd
       | always be anxious about being crushed from behind. I suppose that
       | says a lot about cycling infrastructure in the UK in terms of
       | being forced to ride on the same road as massive lorries.
       | 
       | Edit: Actually, looking at the official site -
       | https://twike.com/en/home/ - it's bigger than it seemed to me at
       | first, so perhaps not as bad as recumbent bikes.
       | 
       | Edit 2: Blimey, they're expensive - "The new vehicle price for a
       | TWIKE 5 shall be between 39.900 EUR and 49.900 EUR (sales price
       | in Germany, incl. 19% VAT, depending on the battery equipment)."
        
         | jtwaleson wrote:
         | Wow, that is expensive for such a simple design.
         | 
         | I live in the Netherlands and these are too fast for bicycle
         | paths and too unsafe for regular roads. Love the idea, but we
         | would need much cheaper mass production and a completely
         | different road infrastructure.
        
           | theodric wrote:
           | I used to live in NL, so I know the paths you mean, and the
           | same applies here in Switzerland. But in Switzerland they
           | instead plate them as cars and drive them on regular roads,
           | keeping up/competing with automobile traffic. These are not
           | uncommon here despite their cost and moderate practicality,
           | probably because their cost relative to salary is lower than
           | elsewhere in Europe.
        
         | shusson wrote:
         | > one thing I always wonder about recumbent bicycles is how
         | visible they are to lorries / trucks
         | 
         | I'd be worried about any vehicle that isn't a Twike. These
         | would not fair well in accident.
        
         | bserge wrote:
         | Ah, so they just multiplied the ridiculous cost of bicycles by
         | the ridiculous cost of electric cars. Brilliant.
        
           | Y_Y wrote:
           | That would have units of money^2 and wouldn't type-check.
           | You'd have to do something like a geometric mean or choose a
           | money-valued scale, like the price of a smug bumper sticker,
           | to divide by.
        
             | bruce343434 wrote:
             | divide it by 1EUR
        
         | RalfWausE wrote:
         | The twike is not much smaller than a small car, and perhaps
         | even a bit bigger than a Smart ForTwo... so, no real problem
         | here... and i can asure you: If there is one of those around,
         | they HAVE the attention of any driver around them ;-)
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | The wheelbase might not be smaller than a small car, but it
           | definitely looks like its height is much smaller. One could
           | still imagine it being invisible to a person in an SUV
           | staring at their phone.
           | 
           | The benefit for safety for this is that it is large enough
           | fast enough to move with traffic on most city streets, so
           | won't be getting sideswiped into the gutter by passing cars
           | regularly.
        
         | acover wrote:
         | I've wondered how feasible it is to add an automated detection
         | system to a bike that makes a loud noise/light show when it
         | detects a vehicle is driving towards you.
         | 
         | Is radar enough? Would it take too much power?
        
           | nabilhat wrote:
           | Garmin's Varia product line does this.
           | 
           | https://www.garmin.com/en-US/c/sports-fitness/cycling-
           | bike-c...
           | 
           | I do prefer a decent mirror though. Radar can't tell me what
           | a car is doing, what it is, if a bicyclist is approaching, if
           | my friend stopped to fix a flat, etc.
        
             | wiether wrote:
             | I was about to post that same link :)
        
         | dbrgn wrote:
         | Wow. For that price, you can easily buy an electric car.
        
           | phwitti wrote:
           | Well i would say with a speed of about 120km/h and the range
           | of 150km in the most basic configuration (max with 190km/h
           | and 500km range) the Twike more or less IS an electric car^^.
        
             | dbrgn wrote:
             | Yeah, but for less than 30k EUR you can already get a
             | Renault Zoe with a speed of 145 km/h and a range of almost
             | 400 km (52 kWh battery).
             | 
             | At the price of 50k EUR, you're in the Tesla Model 3 range.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Or ten used ICE's.
           | 
           | Or 50 good e-bikes.
           | 
           | Or 100 good regular bikes.
           | 
           | Or 500 cheap secondhand bikes.
        
             | jtwaleson wrote:
             | Good ebikes for 1k? I think "good" starts at 2k.
        
         | jascii wrote:
         | For all practical purposes bicycles and motorcycles are
         | invisible to drivers. FortNine has an amusing video on it:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x94PGgYKHQ0
         | 
         | My personal experience, after years as a courier on both
         | upright, recumbent, and motorcycles is that I am _more_
         | "visible" on a recumbent then the other options because I'm
         | "weird" enough to make it into a drivers consciousness...
         | 
         | None of this is ofcourse scientifically relevant data.
        
           | medstrom wrote:
           | It's strange that this is a meme, because my experience is
           | the opposite: as a motorist, bicycles are the most visible
           | things around. As a cyclist, I see cars react to me every
           | time I'm close enough to them that it's relevant. They're
           | clearly aware of me.
           | 
           | My theory is that cyclists become invisible in areas where
           | the roads force them to mix with cars. Where I live, they
           | rarely mix, so when they do, it's an unusual event that
           | promotes itself to your attention.
           | 
           | Either way, it backs up the idea that weirdness counts for a
           | lot.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | RalfWausE wrote:
       | Yup, they are built roughly 5 km from where i live, and you can
       | see one or two on a daily basis. They have this '80s eco design'
       | charme and after a testdrive a few years ago i can say: If i had
       | the money, i would buy one anytime.
        
         | folli wrote:
         | So, how much are we talking?
        
           | RalfWausE wrote:
           | Lets just say round about "half a tesla" ;-)
        
       | Hackbraten wrote:
       | I want one of those!
        
       | jsjsbdkj wrote:
       | I love biking in the summmer, and I've avoided a moped or
       | motorcycle because it would basically overlap with my bike in
       | terms of usefulness around the city. I haven't done a ton of
       | resarch but I haven't seen a good complementary vehicle for
       | running errands / getting around when it's rainy/snowy and I
       | wouldn't want to bike. A recumbent bike like this would be very
       | hard to see in the rain, and it doesn't seem capable of dealing
       | with canadian winter weather.
        
       | paraiuspau wrote:
       | I used to see these occasionally on the road in Switzerland and
       | often would drive behind them, as they were naturally a lot
       | slower on the open road than most cars.
        
         | Kichererbsen wrote:
         | There are still a few around in Zurich. They're quite
         | expensive, though, so I guess that's why they didn't really
         | take off. I might consider buying one for say... twice the
         | price of a good electric bicycle.
        
       | Faaak wrote:
       | I had something similar, although simpler: it's called a
       | velomobile (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velomobile). It's a
       | bike but with some added aerodynamics. You can easily ride at
       | 40km/hour (~24mi) only with your muscles.
       | 
       | It was very nice to drive: very stable and rather fast and i did
       | 2x20km/day to work. However its bigger weight compared to a
       | simple bicycle makes it not suitable to mountains
        
         | pqs wrote:
         | Why don't you have it anymore?
        
           | Faaak wrote:
           | I moved and lived closer to the city than before (where i had
           | 14km of "Straight road").
           | 
           | I bought an electric bicycle instead :-)
        
             | pqs wrote:
             | Thanks! :-)
        
         | simonebrunozzi wrote:
         | I would love to buy one and do some nice trips in the Italian
         | back country. Problem is, it's very hard to understand which
         | model(s) are well designed, and also hard to understand where
         | to buy it to get the best price.
         | 
         | Is there any recommendation you could provide?
        
           | nmehner wrote:
           | Almost all modern velomobiles are build by Velomobile World
           | in Romania. There is a italian dealer for them:
           | https://www.velomobileworld.com/dealers/
           | 
           | It is probably a good idea to do one or more test drives
           | first, so you know what you are getting into and what is
           | important to you.
        
           | dasKrokodil wrote:
           | There is a very good forum: velomobilforum.de
           | 
           | It's in German, but you can ask questions in English and they
           | will usually be answered in English as well.
           | 
           | As for your question about which models are well designed,
           | I'd say that if you're looking for speed, the fast ones are
           | the Milan SL, the Alpha 7 and the upcoming Snoek, but those
           | are not suitable for tall and/or wide riders. If you don't
           | fit into those, your best options for speed would be the
           | Milan GT, the DFXL or the upcoming Alpha 9.
           | 
           | If you're rather looking for something more practical, the
           | Quattrovelo is the way to go; it has four wheels and
           | therefore a bigger and more usable luggage space, which can
           | even be used to transport a small child.
        
           | Faaak wrote:
           | I had a rotovelo, which is the only one who is "plastic
           | only". It's heavier than the NL ones (Quest, Strada, Mango)
           | but it was a bit cheaper.
           | 
           | In EU (FR/CH/DE) there are specialized forums about them and
           | I bought mine second hand. You'll love it !
        
       | FriedrichN wrote:
       | The problem with these kind of vehicles is that they exist
       | somewhere between cars and bicycles, which means they won't be
       | welcome on either bike paths or car roads. Hell, people even
       | complain about people on race bicycles on bicycle paths. But then
       | again, people wouldn't be people if they didn't complain (about
       | traffic).
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | I'm a sucker for these bicycles (or quadcycles) with roofs. There
       | have been countless attempts to bring them to market but it seems
       | they mostly end up being too expensive or not making it to
       | production.
        
       | jamilabreu wrote:
       | Love discovering random Wikipedia articles! Just this week I
       | started a newsletter about the random articles I come across:
       | 
       | https://randomwalk.substack.com/
       | 
       | Going to use this one :)
        
       | thcleaner999 wrote:
       | Just look at this danish icon
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CityEl?wprov=sfti1
        
       | jay_kyburz wrote:
       | These are awesome, but they are too small (and too slow) for the
       | road and too big for the bike path or sidewalk.
       | 
       | I ride a scooter to work everyday. (Inokim Ox). Its legal on the
       | sidewalk where I live. I really think scooters are the future.
        
         | bipson wrote:
         | Thank god they swiftly banned scooters from the sidewalk in
         | Austria. And enforced reasonable speed limits as well.
         | 
         | Right after Lyft, Lime and whatnot started to literally litter
         | the sidewalks of Vienna with their (almost free) electric
         | scooters (mind you, these sidewalks are almost always full of
         | people), you were constantly almost run over by some Schmuck
         | with headphones on and an arrogant look on their face,
         | screaming "This is the future you peasants, now get out of my
         | way..."
        
           | jay_kyburz wrote:
           | I'm going to get a monocle and a top hat and ride with my
           | nose in the air to enhance my arrogant look!
        
         | alexisread wrote:
         | In the UK, many of these solutions are held back by regulation
         | - electric scooters aren't legal yet, despite a significant
         | fraction of the population using them. Similarly for electric
         | velomobiles and bicycles, limited to 15mph is limiting given
         | that many cities have large 20mph zones.
         | 
         | Once the regulation has caught up, I can see the price dropping
         | for many of these vehicles. There are gaps in the market for
         | (weatherproof!) city transport for 1+1/luggage eg. for
         | shopping, school runs, work commute, mobility etc.
         | 
         | As far as scooters go, with such small wheels, they put you at
         | risk every pothole. Hire scooters should really be using 12" or
         | larger to be safe. They're also not weatherproof so not ideal
         | for many demographics and locations. Agreed that we need more
         | innovative transportation though!
        
         | Kichererbsen wrote:
         | Just checked the website - the Twike 5 (2021) with the largest
         | battery should be able to do 190km/h and have a range of 500km.
         | Those are optimistic numbers for sure, but not really "too
         | slow", right?
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | Agree, Twikes combine the disadvantages of both. Its more the
         | expression of an identity instead of a rational decision.
        
       | ofrzeta wrote:
       | The price of the Twikes is absolutely ridiculous. You have to be
       | an idiot or an absolute enthusiast to buy one because with every
       | other vehicle you get a lot more for the money.
       | 
       | I wonder how they got to that price. Obviously no economy of
       | scale here but still, I can't create a business on the grounds
       | that I will only sell like two vehicles per year, so I need to
       | make them ridiculously expensive to make my company sustain.
       | 
       | Even if I totally manufacture that machine it will never be so
       | costly.
        
         | yohannparis wrote:
         | Mostly because it's made in an highly develop country with
         | strong labour law and high quality of life. Sure, you could
         | built it in Turkey or U.S.A. and lower significantly the cost,
         | but not as much as you think.
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | I mean, it's made in Germany. For the price, you could get
           | _two_ VW e-ups (worst electric car name ever), also made in
           | Germany, or a small herd of German-made e-bikes.
        
           | MaxHoppersGhost wrote:
           | Nice swipe at the U.S. but less is manufactured here on a per
           | capita basis than some European countries (namely Germany).
        
           | ofrzeta wrote:
           | For comparison, the Renault Twizy starts at 7k Euro. Ok, that
           | doesn't include the battery, and maybe it's assembled in
           | Romania but still a much more reasonable price for a
           | comparable product.
        
       | ourcat wrote:
       | Are these like those things I've seen tourists riding around in
       | San Francisco?
        
       | thom wrote:
       | This thread is of course tragically incomplete without tagging
       | the Sinclair C5:
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair_C5
        
       | mgreb wrote:
       | It seems to me, that this thing combines disadvantages both from
       | car and a bicycle. Also: only one wheel on the front? Imagine
       | what will happen if you decide to apply brakes while cornering at
       | a reasonable speed.
        
       | quicon wrote:
       | There is a similar four wheeled HEHV being produced in Norway:
       | https://www.podbike.com
        
         | nabilhat wrote:
         | Velomobiles are a fascinating example of a domain which keeps
         | getting reinvented over and over! The 'glass ceiling' cab has
         | been a feature that keeps showing up on independently developed
         | velomobiles, despite the prior experiences of models like the
         | Go-One and Twike. If the interior is reflective or a light
         | color that doesn't absorb sunlight, it reflects back in the
         | screen, creating glare. If the interior is dark enough not to
         | cause glare, it becomes a solar oven. When it's cool and cloudy
         | enough that the sunlight exposure isn't a problem, condensation
         | sets in.
        
           | medstrom wrote:
           | Just a layman, but it seems like you could solve the heat and
           | condensation by adjusting ventilation.
        
         | bipson wrote:
         | Wow, the hoops you have to jump through to find a price!
         | 
         | 5k or 5.5k, depending on variant.
         | 
         | Although to be practicable (not a hobby), you will have to add
         | quite a few "extras".
         | 
         | But not that bad actually! Makes me wonder how it is built.
        
           | Aachen wrote:
           | For me (on mobile) it said right on the homepage. And then
           | after loading a few megabytes of data a cookie wall popped up
           | so I guess they need consent for stuff I don't want...
        
           | jablan wrote:
           | > With +3100 pre-orders, expected delivery for new pre-orders
           | is 2023.
        
           | medstrom wrote:
           | 5k?! That's seriously low. Other velomobiles (going by
           | velomobiel.nl) aren't even ebikes and still go for at least
           | 8k (or 6.6k without VAT to be fair).
           | 
           | That's an exciting development, hopefully it's not vaporware.
        
           | 1-more wrote:
           | It has a serial hybrid drivetrain: you charge the battery
           | with your pedals. This is inefficient, naturally, but they
           | claim it's far easier to make, which I tend to believe. But
           | the idea of all of my hard-won watts getting wasted by the
           | second law of thermodynamics is just too much to bear. If I'm
           | dropping 5K on a bike it had better have a drivetrain that
           | just sings when you step on it.
        
       | fnord77 wrote:
       | has the same problem as bicycles - if a pickup truck collides
       | with you, you're going to be a grease stain on the road.
        
       | soheil wrote:
       | > Pedaling warms the user, making electric heating in winter
       | unnecessary.
       | 
       | I don't know who edited this in the wiki, but this type of
       | talking down to people is probably one of the top reasons the
       | culture of biking in the US even in places like San Francisco
       | never resonated with people. There are just too many
       | condescending bike enthusiasts who think biking is the next best
       | thing invented after sliced bread and everyone else is an idiot
       | for not seeing the light.
        
         | krysp wrote:
         | I'm not sure how this is talking down to anybody. It's
         | generally true that if you're cycling in the winter (I do it in
         | the UK) you'll be perfectly warm even wearing minimal clothing.
         | The first 5 minutes might be a bit chilly if you're just in
         | shorts, but after that you'll warm right up.
         | 
         | If you find bike enthusiasts condescending that's a shame. It
         | is a great way to travel - environmentally friendly, cost
         | efficient, and actually often quicker than public transport
         | (even cars) within major cities. Certainly more convenient, as
         | you don't need to wait for a train or bus, and can generally
         | lock it up just about anywhere.
         | 
         | From my experience in the US, the main issue isn't an image
         | problem, just that the road infrastructure has been designed
         | with no thought for cyclists; and the distances (outside of
         | places like NYC and San Fran) are just huge.
        
       | el_nahual wrote:
       | Another example of how, if you had to design a vehicle for
       | passenger city/suburban use, you would never ever ever come up
       | with an ICE sedan, or to be honest even an electrical vehicle of
       | "normal" proportions.
       | 
       | Pretty sure the car is the most harmful invention of the 20th
       | century. The damage it has done to the environment, our health,
       | and social fabric is hard to grok.
       | 
       | A couple edits for clarification:
       | 
       | - I'm talking about using cars to transport individuals to work,
       | school, lunch, errands, etc
       | 
       | - Cars are _very_ harmful to health. Most obviously, they kill a
       | lot of people. There 's over one million road deaths worldwide
       | _per year_ [0]. (Covid killed 4M). Less obviously, they are
       | terrible for health. Living next to busy roadways is linked to
       | increased dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. This has
       | nothing to do with CO2--it's the rubber and metal and not
       | addressed by Teslas or whatever.
       | 
       | - Cars make people dumber. Students who move to schools downwind
       | of busy roads have lower test scores [1].
       | 
       | - Less obvious is the damage to social fabric. It's not just a
       | distance thing: it's an _estrangement_ thing. People in cars skip
       | the places they move through as opposed to inhabiting them. Think
       | about some busy thoroughfare at night near your home. Does it
       | feel safe?
       | 
       | - Think about Houston. Think about Mumbai. Think about Lagos.
       | 
       | - Getting rid of cars does not mean everyone has to use public
       | transport. In fact that was my point. You can design a vehicle
       | that takes you quickly from a -> b that doesn't weigh 2 tons and
       | uses 18m^2 at rest.
       | 
       | - Getting rid of cars does not mean getting rid of ambulances
       | ffs.
       | 
       | But my main issue isn't how bad this all is: it's how
       | _unnecessary_ it is. As a species we are more than capable (as
       | evidenced by the OP!) of building a variety of modes of transport
       | that are better in most every way (utility, externalities, price)
       | to cars.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.cdc.gov/injury/features/global-road-
       | safety/index...
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-04/pollution...
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | >> As a species we are more than capable (as evidenced by the
         | OP!) of building a variety of modes of transport that are
         | better in most every way (utility, externalities, price) to
         | cars.
         | 
         | As a species, yes, but -and I know this sounds hokey- we are
         | not in control of the automobile industry. _Market forces_ are
         | -and we don 't control those, either. Like so many mythical
         | creators, we have lost control of our creation and it's not
         | destroying us.
         | 
         | What's worse, we have now raised multiple generations of humans
         | who know no other way of being and for whom any alternative is
         | unthinkable, or ridiculous. "What, I'll go around the city
         | pedalling my little three-wheel bike? That's stupid!".
         | 
         | Alternatives will have to be _a lot_ better than automobiles to
         | be able to replace them: be much cheaper, much more
         | comfortable, much more convenient. Is there anything like that
         | on the horizon?
        
           | kiliantics wrote:
           | This is a completely ahistorical take. The roads didn't all
           | come out of nowhere and the railways that used to go
           | everywhere didn't just magically disappear. And market forces
           | didn't make these transformations either. Regulation is what
           | got us into this mess and regulation can get us out.
           | 
           | We have also regulated away many things that were favoured by
           | markets but had negative consequences. And there are plenty
           | examples of people who are happy to do the less convenient
           | thing and even end up enjoying it. Including switching from
           | cars to bikes, which has happened in a number of European
           | countries.
        
         | heresie-dabord wrote:
         | > You can design a vehicle that takes you quickly from a -> b
         | that doesn't weigh 2 tons and uses 18m^2 at rest.
         | 
         | The Smart Electric and the Fiat 500e are notable examples of
         | practical errand vehicles that use space and energy
         | efficiently.
         | 
         | However, they are not the answer that consumers want to hear in
         | the transportation dystopia of US society, where every vehicle
         | must be an armoured car that can take a family of consumers
         | (with at least one dog) through a vast zombie-apocalypse
         | wasteland to fill the pantry at $warehouse-sized-retailer.
         | 
         | What most people _think_ they need for a vehicle is often a
         | grotesque exaggeration of their likely needs and perhaps also a
         | masochistic acceptance of absurd network congestion called
         | "commuting".
        
         | trabant00 wrote:
         | > if you had to design a vehicle for passenger city/suburban
         | use, you would never ever ever come up with an ICE sedan
         | 
         | I use a motorcycle 90% of the time in the city. But there's a
         | lot of problems with any specialized transport like this:
         | 
         | - parking multiple vehicles per person
         | 
         | - learning to drive multiple type of vehicles
         | 
         | - bicycle/scooter/Twike can't be used for serious shopping
         | 
         | - safety. From the time electric scooters caught on I have
         | numerous examples of people getting seriously hurt with
         | permanent quality of life affecting injuries.
         | 
         | - taking passengers on anything other than a car is non trivial
         | 
         | - most alternative forms of transport require good physical
         | health and skills
         | 
         | I'm sure I could think of more but these are enough to explain
         | why having a do it all vehicle (even if poorly and costly)
         | makes sense for the majority of people.
        
           | dsr_ wrote:
           | One more, hinted at but not explicit in your list:
           | 
           | The variation in task requirements for a vehicle is high, so
           | it is economically efficient to buy a single vehicle suited
           | for as many tasks as possible.
           | 
           | If you can acquire a limited vehicle for a much lower price
           | (including parking, safety, and other externalities) it can
           | be useful to do so -- but the limited vehicles are generally
           | too expensive.
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | > - safety. From the time electric scooters caught on I have
           | numerous examples of people getting seriously hurt with
           | permanent quality of life affecting injuries.
           | 
           | Do you not know anyone who has had a life-affecting injury or
           | was killed while in a car? Not saying scooters don't have
           | their risks, but pretending cars are a paragon of safety
           | seems to be the result of availability bias.
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | > Less obvious is the damage to social fabric. It's not just a
         | distance thing: it's an estrangement thing.
         | 
         | Anecdotal data point: pre-pandemic I was insisting on going to
         | work by subway instead of cycling despite the bike being almost
         | twice as fast. Because on the subway, I see people, whereas on
         | the bike I only see cars. The people on the subway I'd only
         | ignore, hard, (being a somewhat unsociable person in a somewhat
         | unsociable region of a somewhat unsociable country), but that's
         | still a far more human interaction than coexisting with cars.
         | There are people inside, but the only time you notice is when
         | they are at being a particularly bad driver. All other times it
         | feels more like being in a herd of large, sluggish steel
         | beasts.
        
         | benrbray wrote:
         | For anyone who has trouble understanding this perspective
         | because they've lived in car-dependent hell their entire lives,
         | I recommend the Not Just Bikes channel. He does extremely
         | detailed comparisons of US cities vs Netherlands and other
         | places. Here is a recent one [1].
         | 
         | For me, I always felt that something was wrong about American
         | cities / suburbs but I couldn't quite put my finger on it.
         | Then, I spent a few months in Tokyo and something "clicked".
         | It's an entirely different paradigm that forced me to
         | reevaluate what I thought was possible.
         | 
         | When I returned to the US, on the ride from the airport my
         | first thought was: Everyone in this traffic jam is going the
         | same direction, and would fit in a handful of train cars. Why
         | are we OK with this??
         | 
         | People say trains are expensive, but they don't realize how
         | much money we spend on cars. Americans spent $1.1 TRILLION on
         | personal vehicles in 2017 [2], not including the hundreds of
         | billions spent yearly on road maintenance. Redirecting a
         | fraction of that money would more than pay for high-speed rail.
         | 
         | Let's do a crude estimate. Using the chart here [3], we can
         | expect to pay somewhere between $3-163 million USD per mile of
         | high-speed rail. The distance from NY to LA is 2789.9 miles.
         | 
         | At $100M/mile, which is excessive, it would still only cost
         | $279 billion. We could build THREE transcontinental high-speed
         | rail lines every year with the money we spend on personal
         | automobiles. If we're as cost-effective as Japan at $2.6 M /
         | mile, we could afford to build 384,000 miles of high speed rail
         | every YEAR.
         | 
         | Subway lines in a city are more expensive, around $200-400 M /
         | mile, but of course there are fewer miles to cover, so the
         | result is the same. New York pays an excessive $2.5 billion per
         | mile, but my understanding is that is due more to corruption
         | and red tape.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxykI30fS54
         | 
         | [2] https://www.itdp.org/2019/05/23/high-cost-transportation-
         | uni...
         | 
         | [3] https://reason.org/wp-
         | content/uploads/files/high_speed_rail_...
        
           | leokennis wrote:
           | If you can read Dutch, recommend this book:
           | https://decorrespondent.nl/hetrechtvandesnelste
           | 
           | Very good introduction on how the few people (~15%) who
           | really benefit from driving cars dictate far more than their
           | share of public space, cause 99% of traffic deaths etc.
        
           | lucideer wrote:
           | Another +1 on Not Just Bikes.
           | 
           | Something many people overlook about Netherlands is how
           | reliant on public transport they aren't. City design enabling
           | local amenities to actually be truly local (within walking
           | distance) is an underestimated boon. That's enormously easier
           | to do in practice without the burden of highways and
           | carparks.
           | 
           | There's also a general myth about Europe being "forced" into
           | smaller more localized city plans by having older cities with
           | smaller streets (accidentally creating more "local" urban
           | environments) but that's not really the case. Road-widening
           | projects have been common in many old European cities for
           | centuries; the cities that are human-friendly are the ones
           | who've undertaken the gargantuan task of reversing a lot of
           | these car-oriented urban plans[0]
           | 
           | [0] https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/may/05/amsterdam-
           | bic...
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | _We could build THREE transcontinental high-speed rail lines
           | every year with the money we spend on personal automobiles_
           | 
           | Once you get to the western mountains, there are only four
           | rail grades that are suitable for freight. The old Northern
           | through Montana near Glacier National Park; the original
           | Union/Central Pacific route along the Platte and over the
           | Sierras around Donner Pass; the ATSF route across the
           | Colorado Plateau south of the Grand Canyon at Flagstaff and
           | over the Sierras at Tehechapi via the loop, and the all
           | weather grade through the Gadsden Purchase along the Mexico
           | border.
           | 
           | The reason there are so few routes is simply geography. North
           | America's mountains run north-south and there is more than a
           | thousand miles of them between Denver and the coast. And
           | since the west is dry much of what is west of the first line
           | of mountains is desert as well as mountains.
           | 
           | Those are the grades that work for freight to the west coast.
           | Notably, none serve much population between the Mississippi
           | River and the Pacific. West of the Mississippi the US
           | population density is low. The densest state California has
           | about 1/5 the density of the Netherlands. The second most
           | dense, Arizona is 1/20 as dense.
        
             | hengheng wrote:
             | How's the geology compared to regions of the world that
             | have a dense rail network? I've always found it strange
             | that the stereotype for great rail infrastructure was
             | Switzerland, which would be last on my list of countries to
             | equip.
             | 
             | French TGV climbs 3.5%, German ICE climbs 4%. That
             | simplifies a lot of the route planning. Rail bridges are
             | surprisingly simple and cheap (open area, known loads, no
             | salt) and tunnels are easier the simpler the rock.
             | 
             | I'd say it's no harder than any of the _other_ miracles
             | that we 're building on the regular.
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | Compared to the geography of Switzerland, it makes sense
               | to talk of a trans-continental railroad in the US and is
               | absurd in relation to Switzerland. You can put three
               | Switzerland's (or one Portugal) in the Mojave desert.
               | 
               | To put it another way, Europeans haven't built high speed
               | rail from London to Baku for similar reasons. The tree
               | lined cloisters where political theory makes all nation
               | states equal is not a good model of physical
               | reality.Swiss rail hasn't connected Bern to Baghdad.
        
               | tpm wrote:
               | Europeans haven't built high speed rail from London to
               | Baku mostly because they (we) can't agree that's in their
               | best interest and then invest accordingly.
               | 
               | The Swiss did vote for and consequently built things like
               | the Gotthard Base Tunnel.
               | 
               | The Chinese are also building a lot of rail
               | infrastructure and are of a similar size to the US. But
               | then they have higher population density. But it's
               | probably more a question of political priorities than
               | physical realities.
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | It is a question of economics. Because it is engineering
               | and cost benefit analysis is part of engineering.
               | 
               | The US geography makes high speed rail at the Federal
               | level economically infeasible. Air transport reaches
               | everyone including Alaska and Hawaii and Puerto Rico.
        
               | 1123581321 wrote:
               | Switzerland's unusual geography, population distribution,
               | and history have given them an unusual set of skills. :)
               | 
               | I'd venture that American rail could have looked similar
               | if the North American continent was made up of dozens of
               | countries instead of just one, forcing at least one of
               | those countries to use the Rockies more comprehensively.
        
           | jeffchien wrote:
           | Extremely minor nit, but it should be point out that Japan is
           | cost efficient because they've mostly built out their "easy"
           | terrain, especially for Tokaido line (the current Tokyo-Osaka
           | line).
           | 
           | The Shin-Hakodate to Sapporo extension will cost them 1.24T
           | yen for 131 km of many tunnels and bridges [0], or US
           | $83M/mi. This cost is why it's taken Japan so long to build a
           | complete Tokyo-Sapporo HSR line, even though the Tokyo-
           | Sapporo air route has been one of the most popular air routes
           | for a long time [1].
           | 
           | They're also working on the Chuo Line which is a new Tokyo-
           | Nagoya-Osaka line going through mountainous terrain that will
           | facilitate 67-minute travel between Tokyo and Osaka. This
           | line will cost 9T yen for 438km [2], which will be a whopping
           | US $187M/mi.
           | 
           | Funnily enough, speaking of the Tokaido line, the president
           | of Japanese National Railway and the chief engineer resigned
           | before its completion due to cost overruns [3]. Japan makes
           | it look easy, but the Shinkansen had a troubled start.
           | 
           | In comparison, for the CA HSR [4], the fairly flat Central
           | California portion is costing $19.5B / 199 mi ($98M/mi) while
           | the more challenging Palmdale-Burbank section is costing
           | $16.8B / 41 mi ($382M/mi).
           | 
           | I know you use it as a figure of speech, but all of this
           | means that a US intercontinental line going through the
           | Rockies would be difficult. Still, I would love to see an
           | intra-Texas, Midwest, or East Coast HSR in my lifetime.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.town.kutchan.hokkaido.jp/town_administration/
           | shi...
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_busiest_passenger_a
           | ir_...
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuo_Shinkansen
           | 
           | [3] https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140714-built-for-
           | speed...
           | 
           | [4] https://hsr.ca.gov/about/high-speed-rail-business-
           | plans/2020...
        
           | Kaze404 wrote:
           | Cities with well thought out public transportation sometimes
           | feel like magic. As a country girl who once moved to a
           | metropolis, the fact that I could walk into literally any
           | subway station and go wherever I wanted in a matter of 30
           | minutes to an hour at most felt more liberating than I could
           | think of. In a city bigger than some European countries, I
           | had the option to go anywhere I wanted on the weekend for the
           | low price of R$4 and an hour or so listening to music with no
           | stress in my mind.
           | 
           | I hope one day people in the US can experience this feeling
           | as well.
        
             | Akronymus wrote:
             | Speaking of subways: IMO vienna has THE best system
             | overall. No turnstiles[1], clean subway trains/stations,
             | quite frequent and cheap (1EUR a day with the yearly
             | ticket).
             | 
             | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kq-X25pH1XQ
        
               | etc-hosts wrote:
               | Loved Vienna's subways. I don't read German so I could
               | not figure out how to buy a ticket.
        
               | Akronymus wrote:
               | https://www.welcomepickups.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2017/09/DS... Pretty sure those have a
               | english language option.
        
             | heresie-dabord wrote:
             | > go wherever I wanted in a matter of 30 minutes to an hour
             | at most
             | 
             | This concept of traversal-by-foot as an inherent measure of
             | scalability is also known as the Marchetti Constant.
             | 
             | This article has appeared on HN before:
             | 
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-08-29/the-
             | commu...
        
             | baud147258 wrote:
             | > Cities with well thought out public transportation
             | sometimes feel like magic.
             | 
             | That reminds that one time where I borrowed a car after not
             | using one for quite some time (moving on foot or by public
             | transportation) and I remember a feeling of freedom, being
             | able to go just about anywhere, not depending on unregular
             | lines or taxis (which would have taken me where I went
             | anyway, especially as I arrived late in the night). For
             | going in the countryside, cars are unmatched, but I also
             | appreciate efficient public transportation in cities
        
           | agent008t wrote:
           | There could be some 'grass-is-greener' effect in play here as
           | well though. Many that grew up having to use public
           | transportation would see being able to use a private car as
           | very appealing. I think everyone hates commutes regardless of
           | whether they have to stand in a packed train car next to
           | sweaty people, or sit in an air conditioned comfortable car
           | listening to music but stuck in a traffic jam.
           | 
           | That's not to say that I like the American design of where
           | you _have_ to drive everywhere. I like living in a town where
           | you can walk to shops and cafes. But I also like the freedom
           | and the comfort and the fun of being able to get into a car
           | and drive out.
        
             | benrbray wrote:
             | What I like about a place like Tokyo is that you can choose
             | the mode of transportation that is most suitable for your
             | journey. If you're someone who likes cars, there's no
             | shortage of roads and highways. It's a great way to travel
             | into the mountains where the trains can't go.
             | 
             | Personally, I use my bike whenever possible, up to about a
             | 30 minute journey. Farther than that, or when the weather
             | is bad, I use the train. If I need to go somewhere remote,
             | I can rent a car or call a taxi.
             | 
             | As for a commute, housing is cheaper here than you'd
             | expect, partly because housing is not viewed as an
             | investment. It's not difficult to live near where you work,
             | if avoiding the trains is a priority for you.
        
             | jfroma wrote:
             | As a person raised in a country where public transportation
             | sucks and roads are scarce and full of potholes, I am in
             | love of American highways as much as with European public
             | transportation. In fact, I also love NY subway, the way you
             | can move to any part of the city without knowing anything
             | and following just google maps directions of which subte
             | take.
             | 
             | The highways in America are super easy to navigate with
             | carplay/gps and to be honest, and I have yet to see a jam
             | where your car is completely stopped for more than 10
             | minutes. What I see is a dance of cars where every car
             | travels to cruise speed.. another thing I'd mention is that
             | I consider americans good drivers and very respectful of
             | the laws compared to other countries.
        
             | tibbetts wrote:
             | There could be, but I can't think of anyone I know who grew
             | up with transit who talks about how much they love car
             | centric suburbia. I do know people who like that their kids
             | are in greener spaces, which is related.
        
             | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
             | The problem is that this freedom and comfort and fun of
             | driving is only part of the deal. The rest is being stuck
             | in traffic or looking for parking - and I suspect that
             | accounts for most of the time driving, for most people,
             | especially when driving to work (i.e. during rush hours).
        
           | rraihansaputra wrote:
           | +1 on Not Just Bikes. I also like he also iterates that
           | public transport actually is his preference above cycling,
           | but Netherlands has such good bicycle infrastructure to make
           | it work.
           | 
           | I lived in Brisbane, Australia for a year. The good state of
           | public transport there (at least for my use, commuting
           | to/from Uni (UQ) and the city from Toowong) made car use non-
           | essential. The sidewalks are maintained and have enough space
           | to the road to not be alarmed by cars. To get further/certain
           | parts of Brisbane is still a chore as it's still a car-
           | centric infrastructure, but comparing it to Jakarta,
           | Indonesia/metro US, it's much better. Public transport in
           | Jakarta is an option for most, but the last-mile experience
           | with subpar sidewalks (especially the lack of shade) make it
           | such a chore.
           | 
           | I felt much healthier to walk and take public transport for
           | my daily commute, and not to mention the beautiful views on
           | the way. The increase in my Quality of Life is very apparent.
           | I really miss it, and looking to move to Brisbane or another
           | city with similar/better commute/transport paradigm in the
           | future.
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | This is a funny take as I live in a developing country and
         | owning a car is seen as the mark of a successful person.
         | 
         | No more waiting for public transport. No more getting soaked
         | walking or riding a bike in the rain.
         | 
         | Convenience, comfort, time efficient.
         | 
         | To say a sedan would be designed today is a ridiculous take.
         | Nobody forced cars on people, they wanted them.
        
           | el_nahual wrote:
           | Of course they are seen as the mark of a succesful
           | person...because they _are_ the mark of a successful person.
           | Cars are expensive!
           | 
           | And yes, they are convenient, comfortable and can be time
           | efficient, but with extraordinary negative externalities.
           | 
           | The issue isn't "cars are inconvenient"--the issue is "cars
           | have _enormous_ (and compounding) negative externalities that
           | need to be regulated away, and investment needs to be made in
           | alternative infrastructure because cars really suck for
           | everyone else--and eventually, for car owners themselves. "
        
           | Xylakant wrote:
           | In germany, policies in the 60ies and 70ies were designed to
           | increase car ownership. People didn't want cars. They wanted
           | transportation from A to B and public policies made cars the
           | most attractive option.
        
             | smnrchrds wrote:
             | How is the situation in Germany today? Are cities car-
             | dependant or not? Does an average middle class German own a
             | car? Do they use their car for commute to work?
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | That depends. In the city of Berlin, less than 50% of all
               | households own a car. Where I grew up, public transport
               | has mostly been gutted. Nearly everyone owns a car.
        
             | refurb wrote:
             | I'm not against public transit. I lived in Taiwan for a
             | while which has very good public transport. But what's good
             | for a single person doesn't necessarily work for a family
             | living outside the city. The benefits of owning a car are
             | pretty clear there.
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | > The benefits of owning a car are pretty clear there.
               | 
               | Today they might be, but for example the village I grew
               | up in had light rail until an autobahn was built and the
               | rails torn out. Today, the only way to get around is a
               | car - but this is a deliberate choice.
        
         | auxym wrote:
         | >you would never ever ever come up with an ICE sedan
         | 
         | What's worse is that even sedans are losing popularity in favor
         | of SUVs and full size trucks. In 2021 I find this staggering.
         | 
         | On electric cars: we've had politicians subtly suggest that EVs
         | will be a magic solution to all our transportation problems,
         | including traffic. EVs obviously won't fix city congestion.
        
         | everdrive wrote:
         | I think this is a great point, and I've always been on board
         | with the general damage done by cars. The solutions I read
         | about are nearly always focused around the cities. Now, this
         | makes sense, since most people live in cities, and so you can
         | make the biggest impact there. But what about people who live
         | in the country or rural areas? What solutions are there for
         | those sorts of folks?
        
           | el_nahual wrote:
           | Even in the USA with it's massive sprawl, most (80%+) of the
           | population is urbanized [0].
           | 
           | The ideal mobility framework is one of interconnected small
           | towns/cities (ideally via rail) with non-vehicle traffic for
           | intra town movements.
           | 
           | People that live out in a farm can drive in (although to be
           | honest even distances of 10 miles can be very conveniently
           | travelled in an ebike).
           | 
           | There's four things that prevent this sort of network from
           | taking hold:
           | 
           | 1. At least in the US, the inter-town rail networks have been
           | disbanded or neuterd to a useless extent.
           | 
           | 2. No investment for inter-town bus service. You can get to
           | the big city by bus, but not between towns.
           | 
           | 3. In most of the small towns in the USA, "main" street is
           | actually a state highway routinely seeing traffic speeds of
           | 50+mph. In other words, the town is divided right down the
           | middle by a highway, with most commerce clustered around this
           | area. This means that even for intra-small-town traffic
           | biking (and sometimes even walking due to a lack of
           | sidewalks!) is dangerous.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.census.gov/programs-
           | surveys/geography/guidance/g...
        
           | kiliantics wrote:
           | Trains can still go into the countryside. They used to in
           | much of the US and still do in a lot of Europe. Then there
           | are buses too.
        
           | benrbray wrote:
           | I've always fancied the German style of having dense clusters
           | of houses/shops around a major train station / highway, with
           | farmland in between. Look at satellite imagery [1] around
           | Stuttgart, for instance. You can totally have walkable city
           | centers in less crowded areas.
           | 
           | Of course Germany is not the United States. I don't know
           | anything about agriculture, or to what extent the needs of
           | German agriculture vs US agriculture would be met by such an
           | arrangement. But this being HN, maybe someone knowledgeable
           | can chime in!
           | 
           | [1] https://www.google.com/maps/place/Stuttgart,+Germany/@48.
           | 662...
        
         | matt_the_bass wrote:
         | I agree with many of your points. One not though, in the state
         | where I live, we have awful drivers (I think) and covid deaths
         | in 2020 were ~100x average yearly motor vehicle deaths.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > Pretty sure the car is the most harmful invention of the 20th
         | century.
         | 
         | A bit of perspective: the automobile _cleaned up_ cities, which
         | used to have a huge infrastructure to manage animal waste. The
         | automobile enabled freedoms: not just freedom to travel, which
         | the manufacturers emphasize, but freedom of association,
         | unlocked a wider freedom to work, in particular for women, and
         | in general, ironically, enabled the growth of cities which are
         | themselves not only environmentally more efficient but act as
         | crucibles of growth.
         | 
         | This is not some pro-car screed -- I myself got rid of my cars
         | four years ago and primarily get around on foot, bike, and
         | train. I also recognize the malign influence of the automobile,
         | both IC and electric. But there is an enormous literature on
         | the sociology and economics of the automobile, and I think a
         | blanket condemnation, especially the extreme you mention, is
         | utterly unwarranted.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | Are you two equivocating between different kinds of "clean?"
           | Animal waste vs. exhaust, metal, and brake and tire
           | particles?
        
             | drewcoo wrote:
             | Is it equivocation to call both a puddle and a downpour
             | wet? No.
             | 
             | Same for clean here. These are not different definitions of
             | the same word. They are different members of the same
             | category.
        
               | andai wrote:
               | Still, there's an important distinction between a fine
               | mist of Alzheimer's inducing particles, and a puddle of
               | horse piss.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | Assuming that "equivocating" was a typo:
             | 
             | I'm not defending the automobile as some paragon. I'm
             | pointing out the lack of historical perspective, without
             | which it's hard to evaluate both the impact/value of the
             | automobile and the impact/value of alternatives. A post hoc
             | ergo propter hoc argument rarely leads to insight, much
             | less useful decision.
             | 
             | The animal waste was a huge public health and economic
             | issue, one almost inconceivable today. The automobile
             | unlocked huge human rights and economic values. So you
             | can't shift modes of transport (people have tried!) without
             | addressing those as well.
             | 
             | And I recognize this even though I prefer a non-automobile
             | lifestyle and have lived in cities with functioning public
             | transport (Melbourne, Paris, Berlin, Tokyo, NYC).
        
               | everdrive wrote:
               | Definitely not a typo -- I understood "equivocating" to
               | mean "switching between two meanings of a word." Do I
               | have that wrong? Either way, I hear you on the historical
               | argumentation here: a lot of the complaints people have
               | today may have some validity, but are often wholly
               | ahistorical: they are blind to just how much progress we
               | have made in many areas, and how hard fought that
               | progress is.
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | The automobile did _not_ clean up the streets. The personal
           | automobile was much too expensive for that.
           | 
           | Buses and trams and metros and transport trucks and railways
           | and bicycles cleaned up the streets. The average person
           | didn't own a car and use it daily until much after the
           | streets "cleaned up".
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | Do you have some references for this bold statement? The
             | development of busses, trams, metros etc increased urban
             | traffic (much as widening highways increases traffic, and
             | traffic jams) including animal-drawn traffic, at least in
             | the cities where I have read up on the history of urban
             | transportation (in particular London, Paris, and New York).
             | 
             | The GP mentioned Mumbai, which only recently banned animal
             | traffic. It was packed before the automobile was developed.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | The automobile simply did not do it.
               | 
               | Until the late 50s, most households in the US did not
               | have a car :
               | https://oldurbanist.blogspot.com/2013/02/was-rise-of-car-
               | own...
               | 
               | Without a car, the only solution is public transport. And
               | public transport in early 20th century America was the
               | dominant source of the use of animals in personal
               | transport.
               | 
               | The confounding factor here is transport, hence why I
               | mentioned trucks. Go to for example Tiznit in Morocco and
               | observe how animals are used. They're not used for
               | personal transport - they're not efficient for that in
               | city environment - their use is moving merchandise.
        
               | qwertygnu wrote:
               | Do you have any references for yours?
        
           | sunshineforever wrote:
           | You comment misses the point of the parent... They are saying
           | that cars at the size they are are a bad design for our world
           | and cities. We'd still have clean streets, but we don't need
           | something with two easy chairs and a couch built into it and
           | weighing 3000 pounds.
        
         | eightails wrote:
         | > Living next to busy roadways is linked to increased dementia
         | and other neurodegenerative diseases. This has nothing to do
         | with CO2--it's the rubber and metal and not addressed by Teslas
         | or whatever.
         | 
         | I had thought that the pathological effects from highway
         | pollution was at least partially caused by heavy metals and
         | various unpleasant nitrates and sulfurs and the like produced
         | by combustion engines, not only the small particulates released
         | from tyres and roads. Obviously combustion-based pollution
         | would be reduced if not eliminated by EVs.
         | 
         | See e.g. this study, which found NO2 and elemental carbon
         | pollution to be most harmful amongst various highway
         | pollutants: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24231417/
        
         | CodeGlitch wrote:
         | I hate owning a car. It's expensive, sits on my driveway 90% of
         | the time doing nothing and takes up loads of space. However our
         | society is built around car ownership, and the same problem,
         | plus a few others, occurred when we all used horses.
         | 
         | I always liked the personal transport tubes in Futurama
        
           | yetihehe wrote:
           | It would be nice if I had other options, but for now ALL
           | other options are more expensive when considering time or
           | money. That is reality for too many people, so we are where
           | we are.
        
         | Helmut10001 wrote:
         | Add to this list: The estrangement that happens when people
         | drive with their SUVs. A car built like a tank entails a
         | certain behavioral or interaction with other people that is
         | detrimental to social cohesion and empathy.
        
           | LightG wrote:
           | 100% this.
           | 
           | I live near a school and witnessing the quality of social
           | interactions from Mums* , encapsulated by their SUV-tanks as
           | if controlling a Gundam, is a sight to behold.
           | 
           | * Sorry, it mainly is Mums in this situation. And I'm fully
           | cognizant of ejut Dads/Men driving madly in other situations.
        
             | engineer_22 wrote:
             | I have heard in german-speaking countries they call those
             | style of automobiles "hausfraupanzers". For me, it evokes a
             | silly image of a militant soccer-mom in a tank. I love it.
        
               | kiliantics wrote:
               | In the UK, they get referred to as Chelsea tractor, or
               | Chelsea tank. (Chelsea being a rich part of London where
               | they first got popular)
        
           | htek wrote:
           | I love the freedom of bicycling, but I hate dealing with
           | people driving cars. I sort of understand why the more
           | militant bicyclists call them "cagers." As I remember angrily
           | explaining to a motorist who thought nothing of fishtailing
           | into my lane after barely passing me (I was biking in the
           | shoulder between the white line and edge of the asphalt), "if
           | I make a mistake, I get killed, if you make a mistake, I get
           | killed."
        
         | adflux wrote:
         | Spoken as someone who hasn't ever driven a person to a
         | hospital, or had to travel to work by car, or had to be driven
         | to school by a school bus etc etc etc
        
           | nondave wrote:
           | I've had to do all of those things, and still agree that
           | towns and cities being designed with cars as the default mode
           | of transport is insane
        
             | adflux wrote:
             | I'm just curious if you grew up in a very large city and
             | haven't been to other countries? Because public transport
             | as a primary form of transportation simply isn't feasible
             | in many places. And I was responding to the statement about
             | cars being the worst invention of the 21st century...
        
               | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
               | Public transport is feasible in smaller cities and towns
               | too. Freiburg im Breisgau is a great example. 230,000
               | people, pedestrianised centre, 5 tram lines, very low car
               | usage. When I lived there, everyone I knew either walked,
               | cycled or used the tram.
        
               | user-the-name wrote:
               | It isn't feasible because it was designed around the idea
               | that everyone would have cars.
               | 
               | Again, the cars are the _reason_ it was _made to be_
               | infeasible. Cars damaged our cities.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | That's a reasonable point, but doesn't particularly
               | address the issue.
        
               | user-the-name wrote:
               | The point was "the car is the most harmful invention of
               | the 20th century".
        
               | zeepzeep wrote:
               | It isn't feasible because it wasn't designed as main way
               | of transportation.
        
               | laumars wrote:
               | A great many European countries have proven it is
               | practical. In fact in some cities it's more beneficial
               | not to drive (London and Amsterdam to give two examples
               | of wildly different cities yet both favour public
               | transport)
        
               | beardyw wrote:
               | Yes, being suburban Londoners in early 2020 we were
               | checking the car would start periodically and
               | contemplating getting rid of it. But then Covid struck,
               | and us being high risk, public transport suddenly looked
               | really unattractive. We haven't used it since. It is such
               | a shame. We still use the car sparingly and one day
               | hopefully have that conversation about scrapping it
               | again.
        
               | rorykoehler wrote:
               | Cycling is way quicker in Berlin for all sub 7km journeys
        
             | faeyanpiraat wrote:
             | It's fine, the main problem is that 90% (imaginary data) of
             | the cars in cities are not used.
             | 
             | If all "normal" people used car sharing services or taxis,
             | then a lot of roads could have 1 more lane (where parking
             | normally occurs), which would increase the throughput of
             | the streets.
             | 
             | All the peak hour traffic circling around their destination
             | struggling to find a parking spot would also disappear.
             | 
             | This would reduce the overall traffic noticeably, and
             | everyone would get to their destination quicker and with
             | less stress.
             | 
             | The problem with this is that so many people obbsess over
             | vehicle ownership, that probably banning car ownership
             | (with reasonable exceptions like modified cars for
             | accomodating disabilities, oldtimers, cars with baby seats
             | installed, etc..) in cities would be required to make this
             | happen.
             | 
             | Speaking from an experience living in a big city, where I
             | owned a car, but transitioned to using car sharing, even
             | for long trips around the country.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | One problem is that there's a long tail of car use cases
               | that are served terribly by things like car-sharing. For
               | example if you rent a car for a few hours of driving, two
               | weeks of parking at some trailhead or remote resort and
               | then driving back it's inevitably priced for the wear and
               | tear that would happen if you spent the entire two weeks
               | doing nothing but sleeping and driving. Rentals that
               | aren't dead-set on the pattern "a few days of driving
               | between arrival and departure" exist, but they have
               | terrible discoverability and that implies that prices
               | fell arbitrary ("is this close to the price I would get
               | in a market with full visibility or are they just taking
               | advantage of nonstandard needs?")
               | 
               | I guess what I'm trying to say is that there's still
               | plenty of room for innovation in the non-owned car
               | market.
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | I think people underestimate the price of owning a car
               | vs. renting one. I can rent a VW Golf in Berlin for <350
               | EUR per week, 1000km included. The ADAC (car owners
               | association) puts the monthly price tag for owning such a
               | car at > 500 EUR per month. (assuming you buy it new, own
               | it for 5 years and drive 15000km/year) https://www.adac.d
               | e/_mmm/pdf/autokostenuebersicht_47085.pdf
               | 
               | That means I can rent that car for ~5 month and still
               | come out ahead.
        
               | isbadawi wrote:
               | There must be a typo somewhere in your comment, I don't
               | understand how 350/week for 5 months is better than
               | 500/month.
        
               | MawKKe wrote:
               | I guess what GP meant is that you can rent only whenever
               | you need it, as opposed to 500/month for _every_ month
               | you own?
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | I actually meant "rent the car for X month", but I made
               | some mistakes here. First, I took the exact numbers for
               | the calculation, but rounded them generously in favor of
               | owning the car in the post. Second I made some sort of
               | mistake, doing the math, so I'm still slightly off. The
               | correct math:
               | 
               | The smallest golf on the list is 579 EUR/Month, that's
               | 6.948 EUR per year. Renting a Golf at starcar costs 1436
               | EUR for the month of August. That's 4.84, just shy of 5.
        
               | dsr_ wrote:
               | "last mile" problems are real -- and frequently rather
               | more than 1.6 Km.
        
               | bmn__ wrote:
               | > the main problem is that 90% (imaginary data) of the
               | cars in cities are not used
               | 
               | Reality is even worse than your imagination.
               | 
               | https://encrypted.google.com/search?q=cars+are+parked+*+o
               | f+t...
        
           | frereubu wrote:
           | This response comes across as really churlish. I would
           | absolutely drive to work in one of these if I could,
           | particularly if other people were in vehicles of similar size
           | that didn't pollute the air. These are clearly personal
           | vehicles, so the school bus is a completely different use
           | case, driving a person to a hospital, if urgent, can be done
           | with an ambulance or a taxi if non-urgent etc etc etc
        
             | adflux wrote:
             | I would argue that the car has provided incredible utility
             | to humanity, and that calling it the worst invention of the
             | century would be doing it a massive disservice.
        
               | frereubu wrote:
               | Your comment came across very differently if that's what
               | you were trying to say.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | For real, I'm all for alternative modes of transportation,
           | but some people seem to really do think that their groceries
           | and the stuff they buy on a pedestrianized high-street appear
           | there by magic.
        
             | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
             | The way this works in many places with pedestrianised
             | centres, is that it is open for goods traffic from 05:00 -
             | 07:30 for example. Or, there will be some loading bays for
             | goods vehicles to park nearby, with cycle wagons to take
             | the goods the last 100 metres or so to the actual
             | storefront.
             | 
             | It's all about reducing the impact of motor vehicles. They
             | do have benefits, nobody is arguing that all motor vehicles
             | should cease to exist. But we should limit the pollution,
             | noise, danger, space used up.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | Oh I know. But the carrot works better than the stick in
               | this case.
               | 
               | > nobody is arguing that all motor vehicles should cease
               | to exist. But we should limit the pollution, noise,
               | danger, space used up.
               | 
               | There is some antagonism, especially unhelpful
               | antagonism. Because what works for a city-center dweller
               | might not work for a rural area inhabitant.
               | 
               | Reminds me of the activists that pushed for nuclear power
               | plants to close. The road to hell is paved with good
               | intentions.
        
               | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
               | > Because what works for a city-center dweller might not
               | work for a rural area inhabitant
               | 
               | Well, I don't think that anybody is proposing that we
               | pedestrianise someone's farm, because we're also
               | pedestrianising town centres. I'm not sure I understand
               | the comparison here, really.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | > I'm not sure I understand the comparison here, really.
               | 
               | Look up what motivated the (initial) Gillets Jaunes
               | protests in France
        
             | el_nahual wrote:
             | Well, that's why I specified for "passenger" use.
             | 
             | Of course it makes sense for groceries to be transported in
             | a truck.
        
         | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
         | Couldn't agree more. I have come to really really hate cars.
         | One of my short term goals is to find a job I don't need to
         | commute to by car. This is shockingly difficult in the
         | midwestern US.
        
       | Lukas_Skywalker wrote:
       | The german Wikipedia page has pictures of some more recent
       | versions: https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twike
        
       | cstuder wrote:
       | Driving them feels like sitting in a space ship.
       | 
       | Source: I've driven one for a couple of minutes once a couple of
       | years ago. In Switzerland they are kept alive and running by a
       | number of enthusiasts.
        
       | xunn0026 wrote:
       | Interesting but extraordinarily expensive. I assume current
       | battery tech, etc. should provide a much lower price.
        
       | tromp wrote:
       | The Dutch manufacturer velomobiel.nl has developed a two person
       | version of its popular Quest velomobile:
       | 
       | https://www.velomobiel.nl/duoquest/
       | 
       | Smaller English version: https://en.velomobiel.nl/duoquest/
       | 
       | Its lack of electric support makes it rather cheaper than the
       | trike.
        
       | chrismorgan wrote:
       | This sort of electrical/pedalling hybrid is an interesting space,
       | but one where legislation is often a real downer.
       | 
       | I'm currently planning to build a velomobile that I can live out
       | of while cycling round Australia for a year. A trailer too,
       | designed around a digital piano and some sort of fridge (either a
       | production model or one constructed manually from a compressor).
       | 
       | It'll end up heavy enough1 that I'll want to put a motor in it,
       | so that for local journeys I can get from Point A to Point B more
       | quickly and more confidently dispose of my car, and because
       | otherwise when touring there _will_ be some hills that I simply
       | can't climb, and that 200-250W2 should make it possible (though
       | probably still not easy).
       | 
       | So then I figured, how about a fully electrical drivetrain? Even
       | with the best components, it'll still be a bit less efficient
       | than a well-maintained chain3, but getting the chain and front
       | chainrings out of the way would be great, making the decision of
       | how to facilitate sleep much easier: go quadricycle (rather than
       | tadpole trike, which is two wheels at the front and one at the
       | back), then to sleep tilt the seat back flat, and shift the
       | pedals/generator a bit out of the way, and there's no chain to
       | worry about so you're ready to sleep in the vehicle.4
       | 
       | Unfortunately, the legislation is drafted in such a way as to
       | forbid such vehicles. Excerpt from Victoria's _Road Safety Road
       | Rules 2017_ <https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default
       | /files/2...>:
       | 
       | > _bicycle means a vehicle with 2 or more wheels that is built to
       | be propelled partly or wholly by human power through a belt,
       | chain or gears (whether or not it has an auxiliary motor)_
       | 
       | The way they keep talking about power assistance as the use of an
       | _auxiliary_ motor is troublesome, and this potentially doesn't
       | even allow things like hydraulic, shaft or electrical drives. But
       | then, what is an electrical wire but a belt for electrons?
       | 
       | --
       | 
       | 1 Though nowhere near the the two-seater Twike's unladen-save-
       | batteries 246kg. I'm aiming for a this-is-my-home practical
       | loaded long-term touring weight of 125kg, including things like
       | 50kg of vehicle and trailer (including all vehicle electronics),
       | 12kg of piano, 12kg of fridge, 12kg of battery and 5kg of solar
       | panels.
       | 
       | 2 Broadly speaking, Australia currently has two classifications:
       | 200W with no speed limit, and the pedelec 250W but limited to
       | 25km/h. Finer details vary by state. Not sure if you could
       | legally get away with producing 250W if pedalling and under
       | 25km/h, or 200W if over 25km/h (and pedalling, in some states);
       | "an auxiliary motor capable of generating a power output over 200
       | watts" hangs quite a bit on the interpretation of the word
       | "capable".
       | 
       | 3 An electrical drivetrain could easily be better than a poorly-
       | maintained chain.
       | 
       | 4 The main alternatives I'm considering include making the
       | vehicle expandable in a way vaguely reminiscent of a pop-top van,
       | and a larger and/or expandable trailer and sleep in _that_. But I
       | don't want to be messing around with tents every day.
        
         | SigmundA wrote:
         | In all my research mechanical -> electrical -> mechanical
         | double conversion is significantly less efficient than a direct
         | mechanical drivetrain. It seems to come down to about 80% for
         | the best electrical vs >95% for mechanical [1][2].
         | 
         | Also there is a weight issue the generator is at least as heavy
         | as the motor and thats a big problem on bikes.
         | 
         | Trains do it because they need precise traction control and
         | have little concern for the weight. They sacrifice running
         | efficiency for it but everything else makes them very efficient
         | at running (low rolling resistance and low aerodynamic drag).
         | 
         | Also the unsprung weight of hub motors causes various issues as
         | well especially if you have suspension for ride comfort. Most
         | electric bikes are moving to mid drives anyway which is going
         | to have a chain or belt.
         | 
         | 1. https://pages.jh.edu/news_info/news/home99/aug99/bike.html
         | 
         | 2. http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2010/ph240/veltman2/
        
           | chrismorgan wrote:
           | Your 80% figure seems rather spurious, coming I think from
           | extrapolating a gross simplification of some 2009 figures for
           | much bigger motors. My vague understanding is that smaller
           | motors are hard to get as efficient. Some things I was
           | looking at last year suggested things keep improving and that
           | in excess of 90% was in theory quite attainable now for such
           | motor sizes, though in practice you probably won't find it on
           | the market. But I did find components that should combine to
           | something like 85-87%. (I don't think I wrote my findings
           | down, or if I did it was on a device I don't have access to
           | at present. But a quick search shows
           | https://outriderusa.com/pages/electric-bike-efficiency
           | claiming a motor efficiency of 93%, which if paired with a
           | generator of similar efficiency would yield 86.5%, assuming
           | no transmission loss which is of course unreasonable, and
           | assuming the efficiency stays the same at lower power levels,
           | which is likely screamingly wrong.)
           | 
           | >95% for chain systems assumes good components excellently-
           | maintained. In practice chain drives are generally somewhat
           | less efficient, commonly more like 85-90% is what I think I
           | read, with poorly-maintained ones often more like 65-75%.
           | This is where an electrical drivetrain could really shine:
           | it'll require roughly no maintenance while maintaining its
           | not-best-in-class-but-still-pretty-good efficiency.
           | 
           | These figures are all rather nebulous, and get muddied a lot
           | further once you're putting a battery into the mix too,
           | trying to take the power from your feet and augment it with
           | another 200W of power from a battery (but preferably without
           | feeding your foot-power _through_ the battery). Then I go
           | from being an amateur that knows just enough to be dangerous
           | to a rank ignoramus.
           | 
           | For my purposes, an electric drivetrain would probably be
           | markedly less efficient, but if it can be enough more
           | _convenient_ , it could be worthwhile anyway. I also have a
           | pet scheme in mind where you simulate 100% efficiency by
           | adding a little more power from the battery to compensate for
           | known losses. I feel that could fit within the intent of
           | legislation, if only that legislation allowed electric
           | drivetrains in the first place.
        
       | samcheng wrote:
       | These things are still a bit far outside the mainstream, but if
       | anyone hasn't tried an ebike yet, I highly encourage it!
       | 
       | It really is magic mobility, with the free feeling of being on a
       | bike, without the sweat or the necessary fitness to travel at 20
       | or even 25 mph.
       | 
       | I don't think Twikes (or other recumbent bikes / velomobiles)
       | will gain popularity in the near term, but I'm very confident
       | that ebikes will continue to grow.
        
         | hkt wrote:
         | In the UK they're limited to 15mph and only operate in assist
         | mode (as opposed to full drive). Where are you that allows that
         | kind of speed?
        
           | samcheng wrote:
           | In the US they are limited to 20mph, unless you get the
           | 'speed' version, in which case they are limited to 28mph and
           | technically forbidden from most bike trails.
           | 
           | 20mph is a pretty decent clip for a (manual) bicyclist, but
           | 28mph is really moving!
        
           | jmrm wrote:
           | But who keep an eye on that? In Spain the speed limit of any
           | bike is 45 km/h (around 28 mph), and when we are in the road
           | with bigger limits to other vehicles, outside the city
           | normally, we are faster than that (if we can) and nobody
           | bothers. Even the police won't tell you anything unless
           | you're doing something dangerous.
        
             | ofrzeta wrote:
             | Might be an insurance issue, though.
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | I mean, you can absolutely go faster than 15mph on an
           | electric bike in the UK, it's just that it has to stop
           | providing any boost past that point.
        
           | pornel wrote:
           | The limit is a bit annoying, but in practice cars in city
           | traffic aren't moving much faster than this anyway[1]. During
           | rush hours even a limited bike is faster than the cars.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2019/19767
        
             | hkt wrote:
             | No doubt, I just had misgivings about the speed. I can't
             | find anything on how much safer 15mph is vs 28mph (sibling
             | comment) but imagine the difference is considerable.
        
       | gillesjacobs wrote:
       | My father has had his Twike for seven years now. I wouldn't
       | recommend it, the suspension is not up to snuff, even just for
       | daily commute. Getting repairs done is a major difficulty as
       | there are very little parts or mechanics readily available. He
       | also had to sue the Twike company when they tried to defraud us
       | w.r.t. warranty and insure documents. The legal issues have been
       | on-going and they stalled the repair of the Twike for about a
       | year.
       | 
       | My father now commutes by electric bicycle.
        
         | AutumnCurtain wrote:
         | Simply the cost of it (25.000 euros debut price?) seems to
         | defeat the purpose. The weight being closer by far to a small
         | car than an electric bike doesn't help either. I suppose people
         | who need specifically that much room in their vehicle and/or
         | live somewhere very cold could see utility but given the
         | maintenance issues you mention I'm not surprised it isn't a big
         | seller.
        
       | chappi42 wrote:
       | Nice bike/attempt but not many of them in circulation (too
       | expensive, too exposed). Fwiw, pedaling does not provide a large
       | fraction of the needed energy and I don't think the mechanical
       | complication was worth it. Twike is the past imo.
       | 
       | Maybe Microlino, a wonderful, stylish, energy efficient vehicle,
       | will be the future (certainly smarter than the crap suv tanks one
       | sees driving around here (in the inner city)).
        
       | albertgoeswoof wrote:
       | > Pedaling warms the user, making electric heating in winter
       | unnecessary
       | 
       | Well that's one way to spin a missing feature ;)
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | Too bad it doesn't really work. Winter biking is still cold as
         | shit and breathing in -20degC air is not fun.
        
           | Tepix wrote:
           | That hasn't been my experience. One the airstream is blocked
           | you won't be cold for long.
        
           | bipson wrote:
           | Not in a Velomobile. Actually, you need a fan for forced
           | ventilation.
        
             | medstrom wrote:
             | Or to ride semi-naked. Now there's a sight for winter.
        
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