[HN Gopher] The Untamed Rise of Hospital Monopolies
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Untamed Rise of Hospital Monopolies
        
       Author : elliekelly
       Score  : 110 points
       Date   : 2021-07-20 18:07 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.npr.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.npr.org)
        
       | deregulateMed wrote:
       | Is there anything we can do to stop these cartels?
       | 
       | The poor have nothing to worry about, Medicare is fantastic and
       | keeps a large percentage of the population complacent in the
       | feeding of the physician, hospital, and pharmacy cartels.
        
       | clipradiowallet wrote:
       | I used to work for a large health insurer(Blue Cross Blue Shield,
       | in a southwestern state), and monopolistic trappings were all
       | around us. A good example was our board was occupied by members
       | who also held board seats at local [large] hospitals(Baptist /
       | Methodist / Childrens), and vice versa. Often in the board
       | minutes, phrases like "fix up the market" and "stitch up the
       | market" were used. Other topics frequently discussed were how the
       | 85/15 rule[1] ate into profit margins of both institutions, and
       | what could be done about it. The common fix to 85/15 rule
       | problems were inflating the cost of basic procedures, so the 15%
       | of the 85/15 rule was a larger value.
       | 
       | [1]: 85/15 rule is part of the ACA mandating that 85% of dollars
       | taken in by an insurance provider must be paid to actual claims.
       | The remaining 15% was the maximum gross profit an insurer could
       | take in(before overhead and all expenses).
        
         | ecommerceguy wrote:
         | The 85/15 you are referring to is called the Medical Loss
         | Ratio. This applies to ACA coverage only (group or individual),
         | and does not include carriers' Self Funded or Short Term
         | products. When an insurer comes under the MLR (say, claims are
         | 79% of premiums) the remainder upto 80% or 85% (depends on
         | state) is paid back to the policyholders. For instance if you
         | were on a UHC ACA plan in my geography last year, you would
         | have received a portion of premium returned in the form of a
         | check because UHC ran at 77%.
        
           | bhupy wrote:
           | As far as I know, Self Funded plans in non-Dental/Vision are
           | fairly rare due to the massive stop loss required. Even the
           | Fortune 500 employers use fully funded plans for healthcare.
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | That rule along with the rule mandating healthcare benefits for
         | all full-time employees seem like the most obviously and
         | clearly short-sighted policy blunders, only a government could
         | make them.
        
           | syops wrote:
           | It's a big stretch to say only government could make such a
           | blunder. These rules were not blunders in the sense you make
           | them out to be. They were the best option available given the
           | reticence of roughly 50% of the population toward a single
           | payer solution or other universal healthcare option. The
           | designers of the ACA knew about these shortcomings but
           | decided to kick the can down the road so to speak. Their goal
           | was primarily to get far more people into the healthcare
           | system and to get Americans used to the idea that pretty much
           | everyone deserves access to healthcare. They achieved both
           | goals.
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | But my point is that they could have achieved most of it
             | without those specific policies. For instance, we now have
             | a situation where instead of working 40 hours per week
             | without health insurance, people in many occupations can
             | only get 29 hours scheduled. So not only did it utterly
             | fail in its goal of getting more people signed up for
             | insurance, but it actively made the lives of those people
             | worse by stunting their earning power unless they try to
             | piece two part jobs into one week with all the chaos that
             | involves.
             | 
             | It's just awful incentive alignment and I see it time and
             | time again in government policies that were developed with
             | good intentions in mind.
        
               | syops wrote:
               | You should do some research on the topic. Far more people
               | are insured now than before the ACA.
        
           | bhupy wrote:
           | Not sure why you're getting downvoted, but this is an
           | observation I've had as well, working in the industry.
           | 
           | What we're seeing in healthcare costs is analogous to what
           | you might see happen to airline ticket costs if we all got
           | our air tickets through our employers: the vast majority of
           | us would fly business class, while the unemployed would be
           | simply unable to pay for business class fares out of pocket.
           | Employers (especially medium-to-large businesses) have a much
           | higher purchasing power (and hence, willingness to pay) than
           | individuals.
           | 
           | If you take this behavior and combine it with the fact that
           | health insurers' profit margins are capped by law, insurers
           | pay more absolute dollars for treatments (which doctors
           | happily accept), charge more to employers (who are generally
           | less price conscious vs individuals), thus bring in more
           | absolute revenue, and therefore more profit because a capped
           | profit percentage of a higher revenue is higher than a capped
           | percentage of lower revenue. It's somewhat counter-intuitive,
           | but the policy combination of an employer mandate and
           | insurance profit cap results in the mother of all local
           | optima.
        
         | merpnderp wrote:
         | Inflating the cost of procedures to drive up profits has been
         | around a lot longer than the ACA. My biggest disappointment
         | with the ACA was not fixing that very issue, where insurance
         | companies and hospitals both have an incentive to maximize
         | costs.
        
         | spaetzleesser wrote:
         | "A good example was our board was occupied by members who also
         | held board seats at local [large] hospitals(Baptist / Methodist
         | / Childrens), and vice versa"
         | 
         | Same for municipalities who have hospitals. The local
         | government leaders like mayors or country boards are often
         | connected with groups of doctors, developers and construction
         | companies who make sure they make as much money as possible. Or
         | intentionally mismanage a public hospital to then sell it to
         | their friends for cheap who can then raise prices and rake in
         | the money.
        
       | briffle wrote:
       | One of the busiest emergency rooms on the west coast is Salem,
       | OR. It has a population of around 150k, but is the only major
       | hospital between Eugene, and Portland (Portland has several
       | hospitals) It has more than 110,000 visits a year.
       | 
       | Last year, Blue Cross threatened to remove it from its network,
       | because its pricing is so high compared to other areas that have
       | actual competition. But since they are the only game in town,
       | they set the price.
       | 
       | Not sure what came out of that, but their list prices sure didn't
       | go down. Must have cut them a special deal to keep them.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Cost controls imposed by the government will be required at
         | some point.
        
           | handrous wrote:
           | I'm not aware of a single example of an OECD state (the USA
           | aside, obviously) that doesn't apply significant price
           | controls on healthcare, either explicitly, or by imposing a
           | state-controlled monopsony. Across all the various approaches
           | to healthcare systems in the developed world, that seems to
           | be the single most consistently-adopted measure for keeping
           | healthcare costs from going crazy, as far as I can tell.
        
       | wefarrell wrote:
       | Consolidation is not necessarily a problem. 1/3rd of US
       | healthcare spending is for administration[0], twice Canada's
       | percentage. This is due to fragmentation and it doesn't make a
       | ton of sense for each hospital to have a dedicated finance
       | department, HR department, etc...
       | 
       | The free market is not a solution to the problem of healthcare
       | spending. Consumers do not have enough information, they aren't
       | in position to refuse treatment if it's too expensive, and
       | hospitals aren't in a position to turn someone away if they can't
       | pay. The rest of the developed world has figured this out but
       | we're too stubborn to adopt what is undoubtedly a better system.
       | 
       | [0]https://www.healio.com/news/primary-care/20200106/a-third-
       | of...
        
         | bhupy wrote:
         | I work in this industry (on administration, no less) and
         | sometimes even adjust claims myself, so I can speak to this
         | with experience.
         | 
         | 1/3 of US healthcare spending is absolutely not from
         | administration fees. Here is a more concrete breakdown of all
         | of the cost components, compared with the same in peer
         | countries: https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/what-
         | drives-health...
         | 
         | If you look at the breakdown, the vast majority of the cost
         | difference comes from just the raw cost of inpatient and
         | outpatient care. Even if you were to completely zero out the
         | administrative costs per capita, you'd hardly make a dent in
         | bridging the gap.
         | 
         | > The free market is not a solution to the problem of
         | healthcare spending. Consumers do not have enough information,
         | they aren't in position to refuse treatment if it's too
         | expensive, and hospitals aren't in a position to turn someone
         | away if they can't pay.
         | 
         | It depends on what you mean by "healthcare". "Healthcare" is
         | way too broad to have useful conversations. What constitutes
         | "healthcare"? Getting the flu? Vaccines? Annual physicals?
         | Routine treatments? Brain surgery? Cancer? It's a spectrum.
         | There are some parts of healthcare that are highly predictable
         | and fungible, and some that aren't. Whether or not a market can
         | provision predictable/plannable healthcare is quite debatable.
         | 
         | Also, what we have in the US is nowhere close to a free market
         | in healthcare, so making this argument is a bit of a non
         | sequitur.
         | 
         | > The rest of the developed world has figured this out but
         | we're too stubborn to adopt what is undoubtedly a better
         | system.
         | 
         | The rest of the developed world isn't a monolith. Singapore,
         | Switzerland, the UK, Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands all
         | have wildly different healthcare systems, but all produce
         | fairly good outcomes! All have dramatically different levels of
         | privatization, market mechanisms, and welfare generosity.
        
           | wefarrell wrote:
           | I also work in the industry, specifically in claims
           | processing and you're wrong. In the link that you sent they
           | are not including administrative costs from providers:
           | 
           | > Administrative costs include spending on running
           | governmental health programs and overhead from insurers but
           | exclude administrative expenditures from healthcare providers
        
             | bhupy wrote:
             | Yes, and that's because administrative expenditures from
             | healthcare providers (specifically in claims processing,
             | again I do this every day for a living) amortized per
             | capita like it's done in this study is negligible. There's
             | an upfront cost to setting up EHR systems to facilitate
             | claims processing, and there's a variable cost to handling
             | claims disputes, but they're a drop in the bucket compared
             | to the actual patient costs, which we know to be in the
             | tens of thousands of dollars per capita.
             | 
             | There are a bajillion different reasons why raw costs are
             | so high, but admin overhead isn't one of them.
        
               | wefarrell wrote:
               | That's simply not true. Administrative costs account for
               | 25% of a hospital's budget and 1.43 of GDP:
               | 
               | https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/journal-
               | articl...
               | 
               | In the study that you sent they would be included under
               | the inpatient and outpatient costs rather than
               | administrative.
        
               | bhupy wrote:
               | Yeah but you're mixing up denominators. The question is
               | how you factor in 25% of a hospital's budget to the _per
               | capita_ cost of healthcare provision in the link that I
               | included, which includes all other costs. Those other
               | costs are so high that that even zeroing out the
               | administrative cost doesn 't do much to bridge the gap.
               | 
               | I'll try to describe it in a different way. In the link
               | that I provided, the US pays (on average) $8,021 per
               | capita on non-admin costs, while peer countries pay
               | $3,602 per capita on non-admin costs. _Even accounting
               | for the fact that 25% of a hospital 's revenue is
               | administrative_, it 1) is not at all the case that admin
               | costs are in the same ballpark as the difference between
               | the two ($4,500 per person), 2) doesn't do much to bridge
               | the non-admin gap, which forms the lion's share of the
               | cost difference, since if you zero out the admin costs,
               | even the costs that provider offices pay (25% of their
               | total revenue), you're still left with the fact that the
               | US pays over 2x peer countries.
               | 
               | Keep in mind that the "in-patient and outpatient costs"
               | and prescription drug costs do NOT include provider
               | office costs either.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | Combining the two links, it looks like this:
               | 
               | > I'll try to describe it in a different way. In the link
               | that I provided, the US pays (on average) $8,021 per
               | capita on non-admin costs, while peer countries pay
               | $3,602 per capita on non-admin costs. Even accounting for
               | the fact that 25% of a hospital's revenue is
               | administrative, it 1) is not at all the case that admin
               | costs are in the same ballpark as the difference between
               | the two ($4,500 per person), 2) doesn't do much to bridge
               | the non-admin gap, which forms the lion's share of the
               | cost difference, since if you zero out the admin costs,
               | even the costs that provider offices pay (25% of their
               | total revenue), you're still left with the fact that the
               | US pays over 2x peer countries.
               | 
               | Isn't a useful analysis.
               | 
               | The admin costs in the US are roughly $937 + ($8,021 *
               | 0.25) = $2942.25--and possibly worse, depending on how
               | much of the stuff from other categories might fall under
               | "hospital budget", though that may be evened out by the
               | difference between budget and revenue (which is the
               | biggest unknown factor here, trying to combine the info
               | from the two links).
               | 
               | Hospital admin costs in comparable states seems to be 20%
               | _in the worst case_ plus that $201 of non-hospital admin
               | costs. Worst case, $201 + ($3,602 * 0.20) = $921.40
               | 
               | How is that not a _very_ large part of the difference in
               | costs? It looks like ~40% of the difference in _total_
               | per capita spending, in fact. I 'm sure that's a little
               | off, but where am I going wrong that allows it to become
               | negligible in your analysis?
        
               | bhupy wrote:
               | > The admin costs in the US are roughly $937 + ($8,021 *
               | 0.25) = $2942.25--and possibly worse, depending on how
               | much of the stuff from other categories might fall under
               | "hospital budget", though that may be evened out by the
               | difference between budget and revenue (which is the
               | biggest unknown factor here, trying to combine the info
               | from the two links).
               | 
               | This is incorrect, the inpatient and outpatient costs do
               | not include the hospital admin fees. That figure only
               | includes the fee-schedule payments per procedure. The
               | fee-for-service model makes it rather easy to isolate
               | that amount.
               | 
               | That's why your statement here:
               | 
               | > How is that not a very large part of the difference in
               | costs? It looks like ~40% of the difference in total per
               | capita spending, in fact. I'm sure that's a little off,
               | but where am I going wrong that allows it to become
               | negligible in your analysis?
               | 
               | doesn't quite make sense. You can't take that 25% and
               | apply t against the in-patient and out-patient costs,
               | because it's not at all clear that it fits into that
               | bucket.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | > doesn't quite make sense. You can't take that 25% and
               | apply t against the in-patient and out-patient costs,
               | because it's not at all clear that it fits into that
               | bucket.
               | 
               | Well, if it's not accounted for in that figure then where
               | is it? There's another amount somewhere around $3k just
               | not accounted for, then? I don't see anywhere anything
               | like that much could be hiding in the rest of the data.
               | 
               | I mean, these are from the link:
               | 
               | > inpatient and outpatient care, which includes payments
               | to hospitals, clinics, and physicians for services and
               | fees such as primary care or specialist visits, surgical
               | care, and facility and professional fees (see Methods for
               | more details)
               | 
               | and
               | 
               | > Administrative costs include spending on running
               | governmental health programs and overhead from insurers
               | but exclude administrative expenditures from healthcare
               | providers.
               | 
               | So... where is it if not in the "inpatient and outpatient
               | care" bucket? Sure, maybe minus whatever portion of that
               | represents profit, OK, but that can't be _so much_ as to
               | render it anywhere near being negligible.
               | 
               | Or is the 25% figure from the other link off by, oh, 5x
               | or more?
        
               | bhupy wrote:
               | > So... where is it if not in the "inpatient and
               | outpatient care" bucket? Sure, maybe minus whatever
               | portion of that represents profit, OK, but that can't be
               | so much as to render it anywhere near being negligible.
               | 
               | > Or is the 25% figure from the other link off by, oh, 5x
               | or more?
               | 
               | No, the 25% figure from your link isn't off at all, it's
               | that you're mixing up denominators. You can't take the
               | 25% figure from hospital costs, the $10,637 from the per
               | capita figure, and then conclude that hospital admin s
               | 25% of $10,637. If you want to insert your number into my
               | number in an apples-to-apples way, you have to actually
               | look what hospitals pay _per capita_. There 's a huge
               | normalization step that you just skipped.
               | 
               | Fortunately, your own link does this work:
               | 
               | "Hospital administration costs ranged from 1.43 percent
               | of gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States
               | ($667 per capita) to 0.41 percent of GDP ($158 per
               | capita) in Canada."
               | 
               | $667 per capita is a drop in the bucket. If I were to
               | guess, the reason why the analysis I linked didn't factor
               | it in was because it doesn't change its conclusion:
               | 
               | "The U.S. also spends more on administrative costs, but
               | perhaps not as much as people think, and spends
               | significantly less on long-term care."
               | 
               | This is in line with my observation on the ground as
               | well, especially the observation that admin costs
               | typically involve extremely high upfront costs (setting
               | up EHR systems, EDI integrations, book-keeping systems),
               | but lower variable costs from an operating standpoint
               | _especially_ relative to the sheer cost of care itself
               | (doctors, equipment, maintenance, etc etc etc).
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | > You can't take the 25% figure from hospital costs, the
               | $10,637 from the per capita figure, and then conclude
               | that hospital admin s 25% of $10,637.
               | 
               | I didn't--I multiplied 0.25 times the _inpatient and
               | outpatient_ costs, which is why it wasn 't even higher
               | (though, when added back with the $937 other-admin costs,
               | it did come very close to 25% of the total, true)
               | 
               | > "Hospital administration costs ranged from 1.43 percent
               | of gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States
               | ($667 per capita) to 0.41 percent of GDP ($158 per
               | capita) in Canada."
               | 
               | Ah, I see-- _hospital_ admin costs, only, plus government
               | and insurance admin costs, being $667 + 937 = $1604,
               | which comes very close to 10% of total ($10,637) per-
               | capital healthcare expenditure in the US, not ~25%. Left
               | unaccounted for are all non-hospital, non-insurance, and
               | non- admin costs (non-hospital healthcare office  &
               | facility admin costs, that kind of thing), and who knows
               | what those are. But with just what's in front of us, ~10%
               | of the total per-capita cost. So we could save perhaps 6%
               | of total per-capita healthcare spending by bringing those
               | in-line with other developed states.
               | 
               | (I did verify with your link's OECD source that all
               | _provider_ administration is included in the prices
               | _paid_ to them--$6,624 _does_ include hospital, doctor 's
               | office, outpatient support, et c., admin costs, somewhere
               | in it, so this article's conclusions about the role of
               | admin costs are... not particularly thorough, according
               | to its own source--the above of 10% is surely closer to
               | correct, though still lower than the actual % of total
               | spending that's admin costs)
        
               | wefarrell wrote:
               | The link that I spent specifically mentions hospital
               | admin costs per capita and per GDP:
               | 
               | >"Hospital administration costs ranged from 1.43 percent
               | of gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States
               | ($667 per capita) to 0.41 percent of GDP ($158 per
               | capita) in Canada."
               | 
               | > Reducing U.S. spending on a per capita basis to
               | Canada's level would have saved $158 billion in 2011
               | 
               | They are a significant expense. They're certainly not the
               | only expense in healthcare and there is no single area
               | that is driving up costs. There is substantial waste
               | throughout the system.
               | 
               | > Keep in mind that the "in-patient and outpatient costs"
               | and prescription drug costs do NOT include provider
               | office costs either.
               | 
               | How are you so sure of that? I see no indication in the
               | study that provider administration wouldn't be lumped
               | under the provider costs.
        
               | bhupy wrote:
               | > They are a significant expense. They're certainly not
               | the only expense in healthcare and there is no single
               | area that is driving up costs.
               | 
               | They are certainly a "significant" expense, but zeroing
               | it out isn't going to bridge the gap.
               | 
               | > How are you so sure of that? I see no indication in the
               | study that provider administration wouldn't be lumped
               | under the provider costs.
               | 
               | Because they say so:
               | 
               | "inpatient and outpatient care, which includes payments
               | to hospitals, clinics, and physicians for services and
               | fees such as primary care or specialist visits, surgical
               | care, and facility and professional fees (see Methods for
               | more details)"
               | 
               | The fee-for-service model makes it easy to isolate this
               | amount. For every CPT/CDT code, there's a charged amount,
               | an allowed amount, and a paid amount, and they're
               | specific to the medical procedure.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | > The rest of the developed world isn't a monolith.
           | Singapore, Switzerland, the UK, Denmark, Germany, and the
           | Netherlands all have wildly different healthcare systems, but
           | all produce fairly good outcomes! All have dramatically
           | different levels of privatization, market mechanisms, and
           | welfare generosity.
           | 
           | This is why I'm interested why so many people are obsessed
           | with the idea that we need to completely burn down our system
           | and start anew to improve it.
        
             | spaetzleesser wrote:
             | "This is why I'm interested why so many people are obsessed
             | with the idea that we need to completely burn down our
             | system and start anew to improve it."
             | 
             | I don't see how the current system can be reformed
             | realistically. There are way too many well funded groups
             | who benefit from the current situation and will fight any
             | kind of change tooth and nail.
             | 
             | In my view Medicare for All is the only realistic path. It
             | works already and could be tweaked to accept more people.
             | Unfortunately Biden doesn't want it so that opportunity is
             | gone for the next decades probably.
        
               | bhupy wrote:
               | > In my view Medicare for All is the only realistic path.
               | 
               | > Unfortunately Biden doesn't want it so that opportunity
               | is gone for the next decades probably.
               | 
               | These two sentences are at odds with one another.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | > why so many people are obsessed with the idea that we
             | need to completely burn down our system and start anew to
             | improve it.
             | 
             | I'm not only not obsessed with the idea, but I'm not sure
             | that would be a desirable way to go. That said, the
             | healthcare system in the US is way beyond broken, and I
             | don't see how it can possibly be fixed by half measures.
             | Something really drastic is required. It's not hard to see
             | why some people reach the "burn it all down" position.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | What is broken about it really? Having been insured my
               | whole life, I've never dealt with hospital issues, and
               | we've had several major medical events (complicated
               | pregnancies mainly, lots of time in the emergency room,
               | etc). For the most part, I pay the max out-of-pocket
               | every year, and then I pay nothing more. It's not
               | particularly difficult to deal with.
               | 
               | The only annoying part is after your first ER / doctor
               | visits each year, you end up with a bunch of different
               | random charges from people that you have to pay
               | separately. It's an annoyance, but hardly one that
               | requires us to 'burn it all down'.
               | 
               | This year I have an HDHP and an HSA, so I have more of
               | those, but I also have an HSA.
               | 
               | As an example, my wife's first pregnancy probably cost
               | about $200k nominally, but I paid... $2000-3000 at most.
               | 
               | The only real 'issue' I see is the tying of health
               | insurance to employment, but there are straightforwards
               | ways to get around that (federal incentives to purchase
               | your own health insurance, and then employers can pass
               | along savings so employees can purchase themselves). For
               | me, I've never been unemployed longer than COBRA so it's
               | not been an issue.
               | 
               | There are a lot of good things about America's system. My
               | wife's pregnancies are extremely complicated. Many
               | doctors said to give up. However, we searched and
               | searched for a doctor to help, and we figured out what
               | works. Basically, for unknown reasons (although many
               | plausible ones that cannot be confirmed), she needs to
               | take an expensive blood thinner during pregnancy or the
               | baby dies. Since her tests don't come back for the
               | 'standard' conditions this works for, it is difficult
               | finding a doctor willing to prescribe. In fact, we didn't
               | even know it was an option, until we went all over the
               | country to various experts. Due to the free market, we
               | were able to get to these experts in a matter of weeks.
               | Similar experts in countries with socialized systems have
               | long queues.
               | 
               | When it comes to the medication, due to the fact that we
               | are the ones that pay (via insurance), not the
               | government, as long as we can pay, we can continue to
               | live our lives and have our children. Based on our
               | conversations with other women in my wife's position in
               | countires with socialized medicine, they have to really
               | advocate for themselves in ways we do not in order to get
               | their government to even provide the medication or pay
               | for it. Many wait months before they are able to get
               | someone. Every once in a while the government revokes
               | access because some bureaucrat says it's not medically
               | indicated. We've never had that. Should her doctor decide
               | to do that and sentence our child to certain death, we
               | have several backup doctors willing to prescribe the
               | medication. Some moms in other countries we're in contact
               | with have been cut off from the medication and
               | subsequently had miscarriages in the second or third
               | trimester. This is insane. I'm glad to live here.
               | 
               | We recently moved, and just scheduled a bunch of
               | appointments and asked the doctors point blank whether
               | they'd consider it based on her history. Some said no,
               | others said yes. In a few weeks, we figured out what her
               | friend over in Canada took many, many months to figure
               | out. When it comes to pregnancy, months matter. 24 months
               | of waiting can drastically change the spectra of outcomes
               | in a women's pregnancy, especially given the age at which
               | many women have children these days.
               | 
               | Same with things like surgeries and such. My relatives in
               | countries with socialized care are waiting many months
               | for things Americans get in a few days.
        
               | tdfx wrote:
               | You're part of the (I would guess) about 25-30% of the US
               | population where the stars align perfectly and you
               | receive a mostly positive experience from the US
               | healthcare system. You are employed full-time, with an
               | employer that provides a generous health plan, have had
               | no long interruptions of employment/coverage, and you
               | don't appear to have any serious chronic issues.
               | 
               | You're still being robbed of a ton of money (US
               | healthcare procedure costs, i.e. pregnancy, have no
               | actual bearing on what it costs to provide that service),
               | but the system is so opaque and convoluted that there's
               | no personal benefit for you to track down how much. You
               | and I and many others live in more or less ignorant bliss
               | about how much money is being redirected from our pockets
               | to parasites in the insurance/provider system because we
               | don't know any better.
               | 
               | We're still losing in this situation, it just doesn't
               | feel as acutely painful to us as it does to those who are
               | outside the upper middle class bubble.
        
               | bhupy wrote:
               | Depends on what you mean by "half measures". One way we
               | can dramatically improve the status quo is by decoupling
               | health insurance from employment (effectively bringing
               | the US to parity with Switzerland).
               | 
               | Tactically speaking, it could conceivably be achieved by
               | enacting a series of what some might consider "half
               | measures":
               | 
               | - Simply getting rid of the Federal employer mandate as
               | well as the payroll tax deductibility for group health
               | insurance premiums could go a long way. A lot of
               | employers really don't want to be in the business of
               | hiring monster HR teams that spend the majority of their
               | time becoming health insurance experts...
               | 
               | - Expanding ICHRAs
               | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22527102) can also
               | go a long way.
        
               | username90 wrote:
               | Making it illegal for health insurance companies to
               | discriminate based on employment status would be a good
               | first step. This includes not being allowed to giving
               | rebates to company plans. Such a law would have popular
               | support, but probably will never be done since
               | politicians are friends with the insurance companies who
               | needs the costs to be opaque.
        
             | jellicle wrote:
             | You have to burn down the current system _no matter which_
             | other system you have your eyes on as a desirable goal. The
             | reason is simple: the system fights change.
        
             | username90 wrote:
             | Since everyone else seems to do better chances really high
             | that burning it and just doing anything at all would be
             | better than what we have today.
        
         | legitster wrote:
         | > The free market is not a solution to the problem of
         | healthcare spending. Consumers do not have enough information,
         | they aren't in position to refuse treatment if it's too
         | expensive,
         | 
         | I may partially agree. Consumers do not have enough information
         | because hospitals _intentionally keep it from them_.
         | 
         | Even in situations where I can call around or schedule a
         | procedure, it's amazing how few places even know or will tell
         | me. Or straight up lie without consequences.
        
           | logosmonkey wrote:
           | Mostly they don't really know. Or they don't know if you have
           | insurance anyway because it's so all over the place with what
           | gets covered and what that specific Healthcare provider has
           | negotiated.
           | 
           | Maybe they have some actuaries who could actually tell you
           | what a close approximation would be but that info never
           | really filters down to folks in the call centers or at a
           | front desk.
           | 
           | I have worked on the supply side, the insurance side and
           | currently the provider side and it is all messed up. Across
           | the board it's just a travesty of inefficiencies and opaque
           | rules.
           | 
           | There just isn't a real way to shop around with our current
           | system even though proponents of the system love to say
           | that's what we all should be doing.
        
       | 908B64B197 wrote:
       | It's funny how bashing on "Big Tech" became fashionable,
       | especially using anti-trust laws. But looking at healthcare, it's
       | cartels, price gouging and rackets all the way down, from
       | hospital construction, insurance to medical residents quotas.
       | 
       | I guess they must have better lobbyists than "Big Tech"!
        
         | majormajor wrote:
         | Bashing on the US healthcare industry has been fashionable for
         | a long time... and the industry already faces a lot more
         | regulation, and ongoing calls for even more, than tech does.
        
       | decebalus1 wrote:
       | Good. I hope this industry implodes altogether so we can all
       | start from scratch. Business-friendly neoliberal patching
       | policies will never work to reshape access to US healthcare to
       | first world levels.
       | 
       | I salute this. Fuck it, consolidate everything so it would be
       | easier for the government to nationalize it.
        
       | spicyusername wrote:
       | > That's because President Biden recently signed an executive
       | order saying his administration was serious about promoting
       | competition, and he specifically singled out hospitals as an area
       | where growing monopolization is a concern.
       | 
       | It's good to see there is at least some attention on the issue.
        
       | TeeMassive wrote:
       | There needs to be a focus on making healthcare more competitive,
       | efficient and decentralized. Healthcare in the US is killing both
       | the economy and people.
        
         | spaetzleesser wrote:
         | Very true. I think generally all big companies are bad for the
         | economy in the long run and large company size should be
         | discouraged.
        
       | jonnycomputer wrote:
       | I know that insurance companies are rich targets, but I believe
       | that when it comes to the cost of health care, the rise of
       | hospital monopolies is a very significant factor. If a hospital
       | is effectively a monopoly for an entire region, then they just
       | have a lot of leverage bargaining on prices with insurers.
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | I agree with this. It really is a curiosity to me how much
         | blame gets pinned on healthcare insurance firms. Many are
         | already non-profit, (Kaiser, BCBS, Wellmark, etc...) and the
         | ones that are for-profit (Humana, Aetna, United) have net
         | profit margins around 2-5%. Eliminate their profitability, and
         | suddenly we all save a whopping $10 a month on our premiums.
        
           | tdfx wrote:
           | Insurance companies easy to hate. It's harder to vilify the
           | doctors because people have a more personal relationship with
           | them. Also, many people don't realize they're paying the
           | doctor in the US 300-500% more than other countries where
           | they would receive more or less the exact same level of care.
           | It's not just hospitals charging ridiculous amounts... going
           | to see your PCP for a sore throat can cause a $200
           | consultation bill to your insurance company. The $25-50 co-
           | pay you're paying out of pocket is just the tip of the
           | iceberg of what these doctors are charging for routine,
           | unremarkable services.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | I think that the rise of hospital monopolies and the abuse by
         | insurance companies are related.
        
         | m-ee wrote:
         | Or not working with insurers at all. SF general chose to be out
         | of network with all insurance providers which led to patients
         | getting astronomical bills. SF has other hospitals, but SFGH is
         | the only trauma center in town. If you're injured in a auto
         | collision you'll end up there whether you want to or not.
        
       | huitzitziltzin wrote:
       | Health economist here.
       | 
       | This matters A LOT. This is a big, big deal in terms of making
       | prices higher.
       | 
       | For all of the sh?t pharma companies get about high drug prices
       | (some of it _quite_ well deserved), we spend _vastly_ more on
       | hospitals - about four times as much. For a good source on
       | specific numbers, see the Kaiser Family Foundation [1].
       | 
       | We spend a lot on healthcare in large part because hospital
       | prices are high. Hospital prices are quite high in the US even
       | though our utilization is lower than many other OECD countries.
       | And let's not get started on our outcomes which (certain cancers
       | excluded) are frequently a lot worse than countries which spend a
       | small fraction of what we spend.
       | 
       | If some of these markets can be made more competitive (no easy
       | feat - this executive order is step 0 at best), that has the
       | potential to make prices meaningfully lower, though note that
       | that would be achieved by an insurer _excluding_ from its network
       | one high-priced hospital in favor of a lower price hospital (or
       | threatening to do so).
       | 
       | For a specific example in a large market, consider the case of
       | the Jefferson health system in Philadelphia, which is now a
       | nearly-20-hospital behemoth - the Philadelphia Inquirer did a
       | nice article covering the release of documents as a result of an
       | FTC lawsuit concerning their acquisition of the Einstein system
       | [2].
       | 
       | It is clear from the unearthed documents that the CEO of the
       | system understands perfectly well what he is trying to do with
       | his acquisitions: "We [Jefferson] have to continue strategically
       | on the path to essentiality and Einstein is the key".
       | 
       | What this means is that he wants his system to be so large and
       | systematically important that every insurer in the market MUST
       | deal with him (and pay his prices).
       | 
       | AFAIK the Biden administration dropped its objection to the
       | acquisition of Einstein by Jefferson. Here their concern was one
       | of the other problems in applied anti-trust law: it might be the
       | case that a firm either gets acquired or exits the market (goes
       | bankrupt). That is (apparently) a concern with Einstein.
       | 
       | Whatever the truth is about the future of Einstein absent a
       | merger, I would expect that hospital prices in Philadelphia will
       | increase at an even higher rate than before in the next few
       | years.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.kff.org/interactive/health-spending-explorer/
       | 
       | [2] https://www.inquirer.com/business/health/jefferson-
       | einstein-...
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | This doesn't even mention Certificate of Need. In some places in
       | the country, you are not even allowed to establish a new hospital
       | unless you prove existing hospitals are not fulfilling demand.
       | Sometimes, _other hospitals_ are part of the approval process.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_of_need
        
         | jonnycomputer wrote:
         | Yes, indeed, that does seem an oversight.
        
         | OrvalWintermute wrote:
         | > you are not even allowed to establish a new hospital
         | 
         | Depending on the state, this also goes for surgery centers, and
         | other types of procedure rooms for minor outpatient surgery.
         | 
         | As soon as you go to a hospital, the hospital tacks on a giant
         | facility fee which may be the single largest expense. This,
         | despite the hospital regularly owning half the practices
         | involved in providing care too!
         | 
         | Those "nonprofit" executives with their multimillion dollar
         | salaries, and the legion of nonclinical administrators have to
         | come from somewhere. It is on the back of the clinical doctors.
         | 
         | This is highly detrimental to the high volume, low dollar value
         | medical practices where we want to increase volume, and reduce
         | costs, such as opthamologists & dermatologists. This, because
         | our aging population has increased needs for ocular and skin
         | care.
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | > A number of factors spurred states to require CONs in the
         | healthcare industry. Chief among these was the concern that the
         | construction of excess hospital capacity would cause
         | competitors in an oversaturated field to cover the costs of a
         | diluted patient pool by overcharging, or by convincing patients
         | to accept hospitalization unnecessarily.
         | 
         | That's pretty absurd isn't it? Were the plebs really worried
         | about too many hospitals being built? And that that would drive
         | prices _up_?
        
           | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
           | "This industry is so messed up and opaque, we're worried that
           | competition is bad for the costumer and monopolies are the
           | best we can get."
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | Well, you often times hear people make the same argument
           | today about houses...
        
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