[HN Gopher] This beach does not exist
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       This beach does not exist
        
       Author : vsemecky
       Score  : 205 points
       Date   : 2021-07-19 09:36 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thisbeachdoesnotexist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thisbeachdoesnotexist.com)
        
       | axiosgunnar wrote:
       | Is this the end of stock footage copyright?
        
         | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
         | We'll probably end up seeing new IP law to incentivize/protect
         | the collection of training data. Creating training data is
         | crazy expensive, but exploiting it without
         | permission/attribution/compensation is currently legally
         | protected as fair use.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | One can hope, but I'm afraid it'll only make things more
         | complicated.
         | 
         | In theory you could train a generator on stock footage. In
         | theory the stock footage copyright holder could sue you for
         | creating a derivative work without paying them. In theory that
         | claim could be bunkus if the creator used a different training
         | set - how do you prove a generated image's origins?
        
           | cocktailpeanuts wrote:
           | How would you know which stock photo was used for training?
           | Someone may take a whole bunch of images they buy on a dark
           | market, create a huge train model, and dump it on the public
           | internet over torrent or something. And there would be no way
           | to know which images were used to train the model
        
             | laurent123456 wrote:
             | Perhaps as this technique becomes more and more used there
             | will be regulations on the source data set, such as the
             | requirement to prove you own all of it (or that it is in
             | the public domain).
        
           | evancox100 wrote:
           | Decent case that the derivative work is transformative and
           | protected by fair use. (And yes I realize that doesn't stop
           | them from suing you, just pointing out)
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Would the AI technically own the copyright to the work they
         | just produced?
        
         | squarefoot wrote:
         | > Is this the end of stock footage copyright?
         | 
         | We probably need ThisMonumentDoesntExist.com for that.
        
         | teekert wrote:
         | Just like Co-pilot is the end of the GPL-ed code?
        
       | andrewmcwatters wrote:
       | One thing that gets me about GANs is that whatever approach is
       | used to generate the outputs always results in GAN-look; these
       | images always look "fuzzy" and objects have "hairy" boundaries
       | which I suspect is the result of some common gradient function
       | technique blending the output in ways that are identifiably
       | artificial.
       | 
       | Plenty of photographs have crisp object definitions in the real
       | world. These do not. Trees blend into humans standing on the
       | beach.
        
       | yakshaving_jgt wrote:
       | Plot twist: These are all real beaches but they no longer exist
       | because of climate change.
        
         | Minor49er wrote:
         | Plot twist: These were all real but don't exist anymore because
         | no man can step in the same river twice, let alone swim at the
         | same beach
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | Plot twist: What is a man? Naked chicken sits in cave
           | watching shadows on walls....
        
       | ctoth wrote:
       | What a fancy way to wreck a nice beach.
        
       | npilk wrote:
       | Does anyone else get extremely powerful uncanny valley vibes from
       | these AI-generated images? Even the ones that are pretty good
       | give me a sort of deep existential horror.
       | 
       | Actually the original "this person does not exist" wasn't so bad,
       | but things like this, DALL-E, or the sheep one that was posted
       | the other day I find extremely unsettling and can't explain why.
        
         | unixhero wrote:
         | I was going to post the same, but you said it. For me it's
         | like; Then if this can "not-exist" now, we're at level already.
         | We're approaching a "what is real situation", should we be able
         | to put this into a person's memory.
        
         | tokamak-teapot wrote:
         | Absolutely. I've been wondering if noticing that 'something
         | feels wrong' is a deeply ingrained response related perhaps to
         | survival. When a possible threat is detected, even when it's
         | not clear what the threat is, it's time to feel very
         | uncomfortable.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | >> Absolutely. I've been wondering if noticing that
           | 'something feels wrong' is a deeply ingrained response
           | related perhaps to survival.
           | 
           | I thought the latest thinking is that most of what we "see"
           | is really a projection from our own mind (similar to how
           | these images are generated) and our attention is drawn to
           | those areas where our projection and sensory input don't
           | match. So yes, we are evolved to be alerted when "something
           | feels wrong" because it's unexpected and could be a danger.
           | 
           | The mismatch can happen at any level of the hierarchy. One
           | person here said some waves appeared to be moving the wrong
           | way for the rest of a scene. Things like that are at a higher
           | level of abstraction than rock textures or tree trunks with
           | gaps. Some things might seem wrong but take more time to
           | identify or explain what the problem is.
        
           | seph-reed wrote:
           | Most of human comfort (which isn't pharmaceutically induced)
           | comes from a sense of familiarity. Unfortunately, this is
           | also where most people get their sense of "truthiness," but
           | that's another story.
           | 
           | Anyways, if you were raised in a machine with these images
           | and then shown the real world, I wonder if it would be a
           | relief or also uncanny?
           | 
           | I know that when it comes to sound, it's really hard to
           | create organic sounds. And that part of our ability to hear
           | sounds happens (theoretically) before the brain, in the form
           | of grouping harmonic series together into isolated sound
           | sources. Perhaps eyes do something similar? Some sort of pre-
           | processing that functionally works for all natural phenomena,
           | kind of like the harmonic series does for sound.
        
         | qqqwerty wrote:
         | Yes, I had to close the page after about 5-10 seconds of
         | browsing. Interestingly, I have been slowly cutting back on
         | coffee and am a bit sluggish as a result, but after looking at
         | those images my mind got a bit of jolt.
        
           | sizzle wrote:
           | Wonder if you activated a fight or flight response
        
       | spike021 wrote:
       | Interesting work. I wish the video paused on at least some of the
       | beaches though so you can actually look at them before they
       | transform into the next one.
        
       | sdflhasjd wrote:
       | When they do these "Random Latent Walk" animations, it becomes
       | apparent that some features sort of... stay still (i.e the detail
       | in the leaves seems to not actually move, but the larger features
       | such as branches move _around_ it)
       | 
       | Does this artifacting have a name?
        
         | soraki_soladead wrote:
         | This problem was recently addressed in detail here[1] which
         | serves as a good overview.
         | 
         | 1. https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.12423 (project page:
         | https://nvlabs.github.io/alias-free-gan/)
        
           | moron4hire wrote:
           | Holy... ! That second video, the character on the right, one
           | of her incisors ends up in the middle of her mouth. It's
           | amazing how these things can get so many details right, just
           | from analyzing existing images, but some details like the
           | symmetry of teeth get lost.
        
       | steelframe wrote:
       | Long-shot request: Generate 3D models of beaches like this for a
       | flight simulator.
        
       | bencollier49 wrote:
       | There's a character in "Soylent Green", an old fellow who claims
       | that there used to be all sorts of wonderful nature back in the
       | past, but no-one believes him. I feel like this stuff could
       | facilitate a similar situation.
        
       | darkwater wrote:
       | In some of these pictures [1][2][3] the vegetation and the rocks
       | look like if they had been "photoshopped" by some amateur. Anyway
       | it's a great start for sure!
       | 
       | [1] https://thisbeachdoesnotexist.com/data/seeds-075/4375.jpg
       | 
       | [2] https://thisbeachdoesnotexist.com/data/seeds-075/3300.jpg
       | 
       | [3] https://thisbeachdoesnotexist.com/data/seeds-075/7638.jpg
        
         | Pxtl wrote:
         | Yeah, the texture on the rocks in [3] look more like the animal
         | hide of a giant animal like an elephant or a rhino than they do
         | stone.
        
       | AndrewOMartin wrote:
       | Do these projects ever have a way to ensure the output isn't just
       | one of the elements of the training set? Is it simply something
       | that would be of negligible probability of happening?
        
         | atorodius wrote:
         | Typically they would investigate something like the closest (in
         | terms of eg MSE) image from the training set.
        
           | IdiocyInAction wrote:
           | MSE is kind of crappy for images; you'd use something like
           | image-specific, like SSIM.
        
           | jstx1 wrote:
           | How do you compute MSE between images?
        
             | unoti wrote:
             | How to get MSE between images:
             | 
             | 1. Express each pixel as a vector of numbers, probably with
             | RGB.
             | 
             | 2. For each of the color vectors, for each of the colors,
             | subtract the color 1 from color 2.
             | 
             | 3. Square those differences, and add them.
             | 
             | In this way you can get mean squared error for each pixel
             | or for the entire image.
        
               | jstx1 wrote:
               | Right but I don't see how it's useful in this context
               | given that rotations, reflections and translations of an
               | object across the canvas can give you high MSE while
               | retaining most of the original image.
        
       | Yajirobe wrote:
       | How do you know it really does not exist? There is this effect
       | called 'over-fitting', where you might expect an exact sample
       | from the training set to show up in the video
        
       | cunthorpe wrote:
       | The video made me seasick
        
       | username91 wrote:
       | The video on the site is very enjoyable to have on in the
       | background at 0.25x speed.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | It's like one of those sci-fi time travle movies or docuseries
         | showing the evolution of the earth/techtonic plates/etc.
        
       | licebmi__at__ wrote:
       | As someone who is terrified of the deep sea (caused probably by
       | Lovecraft's work), I find the artifacts on the images truly
       | unsettling.
        
       | dvh wrote:
       | I recognize some photos from pexels(dot)com, they are all public
       | domain.
        
       | moron4hire wrote:
       | NVidia has some interesting developments in this vein,
       | specifically with temporal coherence so subsequent frames of
       | animation are consistent over time:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jl0XCslxwB0
        
       | systematical wrote:
       | The rocks are really bad
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | Rock is dead, they say.
        
       | stolenmerch wrote:
       | Would love to see some blind study on what people actually find
       | "uncanny" vs. what they think is uncanny because they are told
       | it's a generated image. Maybe I don't fully understand the
       | concept of the "uncanny valley" but simply saying This Looks
       | Shopped isn't uncanniness.
        
         | moron4hire wrote:
         | The problem with that is that the very definition of "uncanny"
         | is that it is subjective. You see it and feel that it is off,
         | without being able to explain why.
        
       | srg0 wrote:
       | I think that these images are less convincing than
       | "thispersondoesnotexist". The network did well for the extent a
       | tree is similar to a person: long palm leaves look are like green
       | hair, and look passable.
       | 
       | The network did bad where it had to take into account global
       | illumination, or distance to the object and its level of detail:
       | 1) tree trunks are mostly flat and do not depend on the possible
       | sun location; 2) shadows don't match the trees and the rocks; 3)
       | nearby rocks often lack texture and are not properly illuminated
       | (they look flat).
       | 
       | It's not surprising given that the method is fundamentally local
       | (CNN-based). I think better results will be achieved when a
       | generator creates a scene graph rather than a raster. Are there
       | works which actually create a 3D scene (or use it as an internal
       | representation)?
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | Given that these scenes are produced from existing rasters, I
         | don't know how you would do that without either data
         | classification or time of day/GI inference. You'd have to do
         | spacial inference to produce the 3D scenes which is more
         | complicated, and then at that point if you're using the
         | generated raster output as textures, you'd have to normalize
         | them to their albedos and then do global illumination from
         | there.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | I'm waiting for a "this X does not exist" website generator.
        
         | pantulis wrote:
         | "This GAN does not exist"
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | This GAN _could not_ exist.
        
         | facethewolf wrote:
         | "This this x does not exist does not exist"
        
         | whymauri wrote:
         | I was actually thinking about the details of implementing this
         | after reading the title.
        
           | scubbo wrote:
           | Same :) seems like you could get pretty decent results just
           | selecting random nouns?
        
             | whymauri wrote:
             | I would like to also couple an algorithm to generate those
             | images. Maybe just randomly select nouns for the title, but
             | pass on augmented/cleaned versions of the title to some
             | generator + CLIP to autogenerate fitting images.
        
         | egfx wrote:
         | It used to be called stumbleupon.
        
         | cltsang wrote:
         | "This website does not exist"
         | 
         | recursion paradox joke :)
        
       | optimalsolver wrote:
       | My favorite of these is This Chemical Does Not Exist:
       | 
       | https://www.thischemicaldoesnotexist.com/
        
       | gus_massa wrote:
       | Nice!
       | 
       | Only a small feature request: When you click the button to get
       | another set of random images or another cluster in the knn, the
       | page waits until the new image is loaded to update it, so it
       | "does nothing" for half a second. I'd like that it instantly
       | shows a spinning thing or other signal to show that it's waiting
       | for info and will be updated soon.
        
       | vsemecky wrote:
       | Launching a new hobby deep learning project
       | https://ThisBeachDoesNotExist.com - a synthetic beach image
       | generator built on a neural network StyleGAN.
        
         | GistNoesis wrote:
         | Is this a ShowHN ?
         | 
         | It looks nice, but I don't feel safe using untrusted pickle
         | weights of pretrained models, as they can allow for arbitrary
         | code execution.
        
           | vsemecky wrote:
           | Probably yes, although I'm not sure I understand exactly what
           | ShowHN is.
           | 
           | I fully understand your concerns, but I don't know how to
           | guarantee that the pkl is ok. Don't run it on your computer,
           | but in some isolated environment, like Colab.
        
             | im3w1l wrote:
             | The solution is to use a different format that is safer.
        
             | GistNoesis wrote:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/showhn.html
             | 
             | I'd argue that running untrusted code in a Colab is even
             | worse, as you'd risk your account instead of just your
             | computer.
             | 
             | I don't think pickle files can be loaded safely, it's
             | better to use a numpy archive npz to store the weights
             | which can be loaded without a security risk by using
             | allow_pickle=false when loading (the default since numpy
             | 1.16.3)
        
       | marcodiego wrote:
       | I'd say these images have high artistic value. In the coming
       | years it is very likely that "real art" will be confined to snobs
       | and most people will be able to buy non series produced high
       | quality automatically generated art.
        
         | Touche wrote:
         | I've never understood the appeal of photorealistic art anyways,
         | so I'll be happy to be labeled a snob that likes art that looks
         | like art.
        
           | andrenotgiant wrote:
           | I agree, I think most photorealistic art lost most of its
           | appeal when color photography came out.
           | 
           | Maybe there's a brief moment of "I'm impressed with how much
           | work you put into this" but for that to happen, you kind of
           | have to see the work being done.
           | 
           | I think that's why impressionism has such staying power,
           | impressionists realized that your brain doesn't need
           | photorealism. They were panned by their contemporaries who
           | were focused on photorealism, but time has proven they were
           | onto something.
           | 
           | Even now the impressionist-style neural nets don't get it
           | right.
        
             | vharuck wrote:
             | >Maybe there's a brief moment of "I'm impressed with how
             | much work you put into this" but for that to happen, you
             | kind of have to see the work being done.
             | 
             | Or be knowledgeable enough to estimate the effort and skill
             | required. Ironically, things I took for granted when I was
             | young have impressed me more and more over the years.
             | Probably because I've either tried to do them myself or
             | learned about their backgrounds.
             | 
             | So I'm not surprised artists and at enthusiasts would value
             | realism more than most people. Just like how speed metal is
             | probably more popular among guitarists. The technique
             | becomes a source of value rather than just an
             | implementation detail.
        
               | Touche wrote:
               | I'm an artist that doesn't like photorealism. I can
               | appreciate the skill without wanting to spend much time
               | looking at it. The imperfections and accidents are what
               | make art pieces interesting to me.
        
       | rob74 wrote:
       | Nice effort, but as with all these "this X does not exist" image
       | generators, it gives you an uncanny feeling. Something about some
       | of the images is slightly off, but you (or at least I) are not
       | able to put your finger on it most of the time. One of the things
       | I _was_ able to put my finger on are the palm trees - some of
       | them have leaves hanging in mid-air...
        
         | gpvos wrote:
         | Or entire trees...
        
         | bradrn wrote:
         | For me, what really stood out were the rocks -- real rocks just
         | don't have those sorts of textures.
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | I thought they looked great at first but as soon as I started
         | taking a closer look, everything started to look very wrong.
         | I'm certain growing up near an ocean gave me a more critical
         | eye.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | I was hoping to see something like in Contact where everything
         | looks normal except something is weird. They made the waves run
         | in reverse so they appear to be originating from the beach.
        
         | samkater wrote:
         | Agreed on the nice effort comment. The ones showing the scene
         | from a distance took me some extra time to figure out what was
         | "off". For me it is the whitecaps on the water (if present).
         | Some of the pictures appear to show waves going in the opposite
         | direction of their surroundings. One of those things that when
         | you see it, you can't really unsee it.
        
         | brandnewlow wrote:
         | Can you share links to some others of these?
        
       | dougSF70 wrote:
       | Surely, the title should be the "photo of this beach does not
       | exist". Beach photos are always a bit samey so it is probably
       | more straight forward to train AI to build a random beach photo
       | than to actual build a map of a beach.
        
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       (page generated 2021-07-19 23:02 UTC)