[HN Gopher] Defense Motion: Bitcoin is not "money" within the me...
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       Defense Motion: Bitcoin is not "money" within the meaning of 18
       U.S..C. SS 1960 [pdf]
        
       Author : quickthrower2
       Score  : 40 points
       Date   : 2021-07-16 17:44 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (storage.courtlistener.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (storage.courtlistener.com)
        
       | itomato wrote:
       | Don't bother - hawala.com is taken
        
       | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
       | Seems like an argument worth having. Somehow it doesn't seem like
       | the court will decide that bitcoin isn't money, but hopefully
       | will at least give clarity to whether bitcoin is money.
        
       | davidgerard wrote:
       | This is dumb as hell. The FinCEN rules talk about this as "value
       | that substitutes for currency", which this is absolutely doing.
       | If you use phone cards as a money substitute, it's money
       | transmission. If you use bottles of Tide detergent as a money
       | substitute, it's money transmission.
        
       | the_sleaze9 wrote:
       | Interesting. Charging someone for a crime which _could_ have been
       | committed....
        
         | smachiz wrote:
         | Attempted Murder is a crime - so is attempted bribery and
         | extortion.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what your point is.
        
           | rantwasp wrote:
           | the point is that this shit is turning into Minority Report.
           | 
           | It's one thing to accuse someone of attempted murder when
           | they actually tried killing someone, it's another thing to
           | accuse someone of attempted murder for suspecting them about
           | thinking about killing someone.
        
             | quickthrower2 wrote:
             | It's a sting operation
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | Unfortunately for your argument, the defendant did not
             | think about laundering drug money, they _did_ actually
             | launder what they believed was drug money.
             | 
             | Thinking isn't a crime. Doing is.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Charging someone for a crime which _could_ have been
         | committed_
         | 
         | Weren't they operating a money transmitting business without
         | being properly licensed before the FBI got involved?
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | Your tax money at work: govt attacking citizens who didn't hurt a
       | fly.
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | Trading with someone openly admitting to sell dangerous drugs?
         | Not hurting anyone is incidental.
         | 
         | > The Government sent an undercover officer to visit The Geek
         | Group and purchase bitcoin and, while doing so, mention that he
         | sold cocaine.
        
           | ur-whale wrote:
           | > mention that he sold cocaine
           | 
           | which was a bald-faced lie.
           | 
           | entrapment is a thing.
        
             | carl_dr wrote:
             | Saying he got the money from selling cocaine is almost the
             | opposite to entrapment. It certainly didn't lead them to
             | selling him Bitcoin when they would not have otherwise - he
             | didn't induce them to commit a crime.
             | 
             | What he did was show they were happy to deal with a
             | supposed criminal, even knowing the money had come from his
             | crimes.
        
               | olalonde wrote:
               | I don't understand. Didn't the FBI agent induce him to
               | commit money laundering by telling him he sold cocaine?
               | Also, can't the defendant claim they thought it was a
               | joke? Depending on the context, I most likely would have
               | assumed it was a joke. It seems like the kind of answer
               | someone would jokingly give if they didn't want to
               | discuss their real job.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | luma wrote:
               | That was a interesting issue as the defendant has always
               | been extremely vocal about being anti-drug in person and
               | through his social media channels. I'm frankly a little
               | surprised that he went through with that particular
               | transaction, while I hold a fairly low opinion of the guy
               | he at least seemed to be consistent in his principles.
               | 
               | I guess money was the goal and he was willing to
               | compromise himself in its pursuit.
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | Entrapment is a thing, its just not this thing. That word
             | means something else.
        
             | cstejerean wrote:
             | Entrapment is a thing but it's not this thing. Entrapment
             | is making someone do something they wouldn't have done
             | otherwise.
        
           | jMyles wrote:
           | It seems like you're outwardly defending drug prohibition
           | here.
           | 
           | Trading with someone who previously sold plants or compounds
           | to a third party is not per se a moral or ethical quandary,
           | despite apparent laws to the contrary.
           | 
           | If that were the worst thing this person did, I suspect he'd
           | have far more support.
           | 
           | I am skeptical of the other whispers of unsavory behavior;
           | they remind me of the whisper smears against Ross Ulbricht.
           | Let's see how the thing develops.
        
       | jfengel wrote:
       | The "bitcoin is not money" argument seems unlikely to work. There
       | are people selling things for bitcoin. Not universally, but
       | enough places that I don't see a court accepting the argument
       | that it doesn't act like money.
       | 
       | The "selling bitcoin is not transmitting money" seems more likely
       | to me, at least as long as the sums are small. If they're selling
       | more than $10k worth of bitcoin then it sounds like they're
       | engaging in banking, if not money transmitting.
       | 
       | But if they're selling a lot of bitcoins, they know perfectly
       | well that it's a mechanism for moving money around. The fact that
       | they don't know the destination doesn't make it not money
       | laundering. If people are bringing large sums of money to some
       | dipsticks rather than buying it on the open market, they're
       | almost certainly trying to avoid visibility.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | I think bitcoin is money, but "There are people selling things
         | for bitcoin" is a silly argument. People barter all the time
         | with non-money things.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | psychlops wrote:
         | I don't think it's a bad argument. The UCC defines money as
         | something that has a government attached to it. If people
         | treated leaves like money for simulated drug sales, it
         | shouldn't get them jail time.
         | 
         | "Money" means a medium of exchange currently authorized or
         | adopted by a domestic or foreign government. The term includes
         | a monetary unit of account established by an intergovernmental
         | organization or by agreement between two or more countries.
         | 
         | https://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/1/1-201
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | luma wrote:
           | I have no idea if you're right, but the defendant appears to
           | think you are wrong and that Bitcoin is in fact money, and he
           | publically said as much back in 2017:
           | https://i.imgur.com/7gP31ks.png
           | 
           | This motion to dismiss is going to be pretty hard for him to
           | defend.
        
             | jbverschoor wrote:
             | It nowhere says that it's money
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | The defendants personal opinions dont really seem relavent
             | to the question of if its money in the eyes of the court.
        
         | skeeter2020 wrote:
         | This defense seems doomed as money != a specific government-
         | issued currency. IANAL but I suspect this is determined by an
         | instrument serving enough of the underlying functions of
         | currencies, which BC most certainly does.
         | 
         | Also, effective money laundering OFTEN involves the
         | facilitators NOT knowing the nodes in the graph; that's what
         | makes it effective in the first place.
        
           | Turing_Machine wrote:
           | > This defense seems doomed as money != a specific
           | government-issued currency.
           | 
           | According to the statute in question (and also the Uniform
           | Commercial Code), it is.
           | 
           | The statute reads, in part,                   "Money," in its
           | common use, is some kind of financial instrument or medium of
           | exchange that is assessed value, made uniform, regulated, and
           | protected by sovereign power."
           | 
           | Also:                   ... the Uniform Commercial Code
           | defines money as "a medium of exchange *currently authorized
           | or adopted by a domestic or foreign government..."
           | 
           | I think they have a good argument. While Bitcoin is certainly
           | "money-like", it does not appear to fit the U.S. government's
           | current definition of "money".
        
             | SomewhatLikely wrote:
             | FWIW El Salvador now accepts Bitcoin as legal tender.
        
               | fennecfoxen wrote:
               | Supposedly. The rollout is a clown show.
               | 
               | https://davidgerard.co.uk/blockchain/2021/07/11/el-
               | salvador-...
        
         | OldHand2018 wrote:
         | If "bitcoin is not money" then you are opening a can of worms
         | that nobody wants opened. Especially if you treat it like
         | personal property as the linked document prefers. Wash sale
         | rules probably start to apply. You're going to need to charge
         | sales tax and get a business license from your local city just
         | to trade on Coinbase, etc. No thanks.
         | 
         | Each dollar bill or Euro or Yuan, etc, has a serial number.
         | That means you can lay claim to an exact bill, just like with
         | Bitcoin. But we call money fungible because we don't actually
         | care which dollar bill it is we are holding. They are all the
         | same from a value standpoint.
        
           | DennisP wrote:
           | The IRS already treats bitcoin as personal property.
        
       | humanistbot wrote:
       | They bought a lot of bitcoin early, then made a profit off
       | regularly selling it to the public in exchange for US dollars.
       | They didn't register with FinCEN, any state agency, or do any
       | KYC. The thing about the sting operation is that the undercover
       | agent blatantly told them that he was buying bitcoin using money
       | he made from selling cocaine. So it isn't just a charge for
       | operating an unlicensed money exchange service, but also
       | laundering drug money.
        
         | rantwasp wrote:
         | hmm. so if we swap out bitcoin with lumber. and I accumulate a
         | lot of lumber and after that sell it do I need to register with
         | FinCEN? or do lumber KYC?
         | 
         | this is part of the FUD campaign against Bitcoin. If they
         | committed other crimes, etc, sure charge them if you have
         | proof. If not this is literally a waste of taxpayers money.
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | It is going to depend inagine. Very expensive and easy to
           | transport lumber, purchased for cash with the same people
           | buying a million a week. Maybe should raise some flags.
        
           | bb88 wrote:
           | Money laundering is all about turning money from illegal
           | operations into money that looks like it came from legal
           | sources.
           | 
           | Yes you can buy lumber (e.g.) but for it be really useful,
           | you're going to need to convert that back to cash, and the
           | only real way to store large amounts of money safely is in
           | the banking system. Some people may speak bitcoin, but
           | everyone speaks US greenbacks.
           | 
           | KYC is about companies depositing large sums of money from
           | questionable sources. You start depositing 10M a week without
           | any reported business income, and you're going to set off red
           | flags.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | If it's being used to launder drug money, I'm pretty sure "but
         | it's not money" isn't going to fly in court. Can you launder
         | drug money using gold bars, and you're good because gold bars
         | aren't "money"? I'm pretty sure you can't. It may fall under a
         | slightly different part of the statute, but that kind of
         | loophole has almost certainly already been plugged.
        
           | wsc981 wrote:
           | Real estate is often used to launder illegally gained
           | money[0], so likely drug money as well.
           | 
           |  _> Real estate has long been a preferred vehicle for money
           | laundering. All too often, the proceeds of crime and
           | corruption is used to purchase homes. Once the real estate is
           | re-sold, the capital involved becomes legally acquired. The
           | trick is to mask where the money comes from: Criminal
           | networks do this by setting up anonymous companies to hide
           | their connection to the purchase of the property. This
           | briefing reveals the scope and seriousness of this problem
           | and makes recommendations for what must be done to fix it._
           | 
           | ---
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/corruption-
           | and-mo...
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | Which is why we have AML/KYC at most steps of a real-estate
             | transaction. Further, saying you can do crime with
             | something else so let's look the other way is nihilist and
             | pretty backwards to me. In that case let's go after both.
        
         | ipsin wrote:
         | This reminds me of the story of the man who put hidden
         | compartments in cars [1], or the man who trained people to beat
         | polygraph tests [2].
         | 
         | Whenever someone tells you about All the Crime They Are Doing,
         | I think you should assume that you are dealing with an actual
         | cop, stop doing business with them, and cut off all contact.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.wired.com/2013/03/alfred-anaya/ [2]
         | https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/indiana-man-accused-of-...
        
         | luma wrote:
         | The defendant is pretty well known around these parts and the
         | initial arrest wasn't terribly surprising to those who had run-
         | ins with him.
         | 
         | Here's a particularly egregious example:
         | https://old.reddit.com/r/grandrapids/comments/lvqr6k/geek_gr...
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | Is what was said there classed as racketeering / organised
           | crime?
        
           | rantwasp wrote:
           | slept with all the female board members. jfc. this looks
           | really really bad, even without context
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Damn, the Reddit commenter is very casual about being non-
           | consensually filmed while showering. That's a harrowing tale
           | all through if it's true. I totally get why they decided to
           | keep quiet, though.
        
         | Simulacra wrote:
         | That just seems like entrapment... Bitcoin to me has always
         | been an intangible asset. If someone is willing to exchange
         | cash for it then that does not mean Bitcoin is suddenly cash. I
         | wonder what the government's argument would be if bitcoin were
         | tangible, say bottle caps.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _wonder what the government 's argument would be if bitcoin
           | were tangible, say bottle caps_
           | 
           | Imagine someone tells you "I am a drug dealer, I have bottle
           | caps I got for selling drugs and would like to launder them
           | through you. Could you help me?"
           | 
           | And you respond "Sure."
           | 
           | And she comes back saying "it's me again, the drug dealer.
           | Here are my bottle caps. That I got for selling drugs. I need
           | to launder them. Because I got them from selling drugs.
           | Because I'm a drug dealer." [1]. And you give them money for
           | their bottle caps.
           | 
           | What do you think will happen? Do you think "but your honor,
           | bottle caps aren't money" will help?
           | 
           | [1] _Inspired by_ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/
           | 2021-06-21/money-...
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | I mean the whitepaper is titled a peer-to-peer electronic
           | cash system.
           | 
           | [edit] It feels like Scrodinger's asset class. It's a
           | commodity when it's being attacked for being a security. It's
           | a currency when it's attacked for being a commodity. At the
           | end of the day I don't care, if it's good at being laundered
           | then you can call it whatever you want, AML/KYC is going to
           | have to apply.
           | 
           | [edit] Further, entrapment is a specific legal construct
           | wherein the government tricks you into committing a crime. If
           | the government comes up and says "hello, do you want to do a
           | crime?" and you say "damn right I do" that's not entrapment,
           | that's just crime.
        
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