[HN Gopher] If you want to transform IT, start with finance
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       If you want to transform IT, start with finance
        
       Author : feross
       Score  : 281 points
       Date   : 2021-07-13 19:32 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (zwischenzugs.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (zwischenzugs.com)
        
       | rdxm wrote:
       | Tried to plant this seed ~3 years ago at a large defense
       | contractor. They were frustrated by the fact they weren't getting
       | the velocity out of gov cloud they expected. my response was:
       | "you literally applied the same procurement / process model to GC
       | that you had for on-prem, wtf did you expect?!?"
       | 
       | I called my pitch: "AdminOps", basically the message was the
       | finance/biz side of the house needed the same type of
       | transformative event engineering got with devops.
       | 
       | They are still slow....go figure. Enterprises gonna
       | Enterprise....
        
       | shkurski_ wrote:
       | Looking at Marx's quote on relations of production, could the
       | money flow INSIDE a company be another topic that is worth
       | exploration? From my simple understanding, in Marx's theory it
       | was social aspect that mattered most. Do we still face such
       | problems as it was in 19th century? I'm curious whether it would
       | be a viable company where the surplus-value is distributed among
       | workers and I have a fixed transparent salary as CEO and how it
       | will survive the stage I and scale to stage II, IIIa, IIIb.
        
       | steve76 wrote:
       | More like end with finance. It's inevitable if you are
       | successful. Why build it if you can buy it? Save. Just don't
       | loose money. Finance is not what most people think. Frugal.
       | Charitable.
        
       | nhoughto wrote:
       | Seems very familiar.
       | 
       | Its not that finance get things done, its that they can prevent
       | things being done entirely, or reduce funding/investment to the
       | point they naturally peter out.
        
       | throwaway984393 wrote:
       | Conway's Law Revisited: If finance dictates your organizational
       | structure, then finance is developing your software.
        
       | kingrazor wrote:
       | The stages mentioned in this article are exactly what the company
       | I last worked for went through. Inevitably they lost customers to
       | other products with faster release cycles. The company is still
       | limping along but at a fraction of their former revenue. It's
       | sad, really.
        
       | yardie wrote:
       | From an operational view finance and IT are more aligned than
       | they are not. Finance is all about cash flow; where it's coming
       | from and where it's going. And IT is all about data flow; where
       | is good data coming from, what is it doing, where is it going. In
       | my experience in IT most of the infosec applies broadly to the
       | organization it's especially the case when working with sensitive
       | financial information.
       | 
       | Also, because of recent ransomware attacks I've been given
       | (almost) carte blanche to secure our network and operational
       | infrastructure with a special focus on finance, because the spice
       | must flow.
        
         | tmitchel2 wrote:
         | Last part made me chuckle
        
       | oneplane wrote:
       | It's obviously going to strongly depend on the context, but I've
       | found that there is a shared amount of risk in organisations
       | where IT and Finance both have their choices to make together.
       | 
       | Say you have some on-prem datacenter stuff for a manufacturing
       | plant, you might have the request from factory operations to be
       | as available and consistent as possible. The cost for such a
       | thing might be astronomical, but even a single day of downtime
       | would cover it. On the other hand, the finance department might
       | already have made a risk assessment and set aside some money or
       | had it insured in some way and now suddenly the impact of that
       | risky thing that might happen is a whole lot lower in terms of
       | money.
       | 
       | For a lot of people that can be news, or unexpected. If you silo
       | yourself you might end up engineering something that is
       | completely unnecessary. At the same time, someone might be buying
       | some expensive insurance, but forgets that unrecoverable data
       | doesn't magically yeet itself into existence just because the
       | insurance contract says so. So while on paper it's "covered and
       | we just need to recover our systems and get on with it", in
       | reality that might not be possible. Starting a company from
       | scratch (IT-wise) leaves you with empty systems. Those are about
       | as useful as a brick. A functional brick, but perhaps not the
       | spreadsheet, email or CRM database you had in mind.
       | 
       | This is a lot of words just to say: in most companies (as long as
       | they don't get too big), most people are there for a reason, and
       | most departments are there for a reason. Go up the chain of
       | reasoning and you'll find your common reason ("because the
       | company wants to make money" for example), and now you have all
       | you need to 'justify' to yourself that 'those other people' are
       | there for the same reason and with the same goal as you.
        
       | landryraccoon wrote:
       | I'm seriously stumbling over the description of phases I and II.
       | Wait, this is a startup that doesn't have a strong product vision
       | from day 1 and isn't aggressively iterating to find product
       | market fit?
       | 
       | Here's a tell tale sign that you have product market fit - your
       | product is buggy and sucks and your customers constantly complain
       | and demand more improvement but they can't give you up. They need
       | to pay you because you serve a need they can't or wont find
       | somewhere else.
       | 
       | The customer needs a bespoke feature that really only they will
       | use and isn't general to anyone else? Is the founder team
       | disciplined enough to say no and focus on what really adds value?
       | Sure, they would love for you to be a cheap outsourced dev shop,
       | but that's why your CEO needs to push back and sell the vision of
       | the company.
       | 
       | Phases 1, 2 and 3 are backwards. Why is the startup trying to be
       | a consulting company? This doesn't sound like the story of any
       | visionary startup I know of. It sounds like a group of developers
       | who can make a profitable software consulting company trying to
       | pivot to making a product. IMHO a startup can be really
       | dysfunctional in its dev process and management and still
       | succeed, if they find product market fit first.
        
         | sgt101 wrote:
         | Back to money flows I think - if your business has significant
         | venture backing then your view about it is correct. The driving
         | force in the business will be to satisfy the investors, not the
         | early customers. Many businesses are not like this though -
         | they start out as a consultancy gig gone good and then scale up
         | from there. Investment comes from a workable functioning
         | business in these cases. A new investor isn't going to be
         | hugely interested in "vision" but much more in "the business" -
         | what is the potential for selling more of the same?
        
         | jldugger wrote:
         | > Wait, this is a startup that doesn't have a strong product
         | vision from day 1 and isn't aggressively iterating to find
         | product market fit?
         | 
         | You don't see "strong product vision" and "iterating to find
         | product market fit" as contradictory?
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | As someone who spent half his life in the world of (physical)
           | product design: to me this sounds incredibly contradictory.
           | 
           | A "strong product vision" is a _bad_ thing when you are
           | "iterating to find product market fit", because most people
           | tend to be unable to kill their darlings and do what is
           | needed to achieve said market fit.
           | 
           | If your "strong product vision" is really as _strong_ as you
           | believe, it should already contain an idea which market and
           | target group is ideal -- or if it is a really genius idea,
           | this won 't even be necessary because it will create it's own
           | market.
        
             | emteycz wrote:
             | Perhaps it's a vision of e.g. technology which could be
             | applied in many different verticals? I can see the founders
             | having a clear product idea but having to find its specific
             | applications on the market... E.g. let's say you make a
             | database and then you begin looking for companies that need
             | your specific favor of database; then there could be
             | customization for specific customer needs too.
        
           | iovrthoughtthis wrote:
           | depends on how you understand vision i guess.
           | 
           | imo vision is "how is your customers world going to change as
           | a result of using your product?" not "this is precisely what
           | the product will look like".
        
           | mehphp wrote:
           | This made me scratch my head too. I see so many startups come
           | up with an idea/product and then try to make it fit in the
           | market. That is completely backwards; you need to find a
           | problem that the market has and create a product that solves
           | that.
        
         | throwaaskjdfh wrote:
         | > Why is the startup trying to be a consulting company? This
         | doesn't sound like the story of any visionary startup I know
         | of.
         | 
         | Why does a successful software business need to be a "visionary
         | startup"? Taking on consulting work and discovering the product
         | by listening to customers seems like a reasonable approach.
        
           | landryraccoon wrote:
           | What are the biggest success stories of consulting businesses
           | pivoting to product based companies? I can't think of any off
           | the top of my head.
        
             | panchicore3 wrote:
             | Salesforce?
        
             | lixtra wrote:
             | Basecamp? SAP?
        
               | andrewlgood wrote:
               | Definitely SAP. If you believe the movie, Facebook.
               | Trello/Stack Exchange (Foghat)
        
               | throwaway9980 wrote:
               | Mailchimp
        
               | progre wrote:
               | I belive you mean Fog Creek. Foghat is a blues rock band.
        
               | andrewlgood wrote:
               | Ha. You are correct
        
             | el_dev_hell wrote:
             | Atlassian
        
         | nemetroid wrote:
         | I don't understand if you have a contention with the article,
         | and if so, what the contention is. You say that this "doesn't
         | sound like the story of any visionary startup [you] know of",
         | but the article never makes the claim that this is a successful
         | path to go down - it is very clear that this is a failure
         | story.
        
         | hamilyon2 wrote:
         | No, this is more fundamental than that. This customer-revenue-
         | project-tean relation and habit holds true even if we have
         | vision and understand direction and have strong leadership.
         | 
         | In this case, your customer is more abstract, it could be a
         | million people using your, maybe free, or maybe "pay once"
         | product, physical or digital.
         | 
         | But then you seek another market because management realises
         | that your product will sell to different market, completely
         | different million of people. But that will take new
         | development. Team 2 is born. It is a project in a sense that
         | this team works with one single goal in mind: get the project
         | off the ground and start selling it.
         | 
         | This doesn't look like consulting company at all, but the
         | problems are the same: technical debt, maintenance, shared
         | code, and eventual rewrite and platform.
        
         | hyperpape wrote:
         | He says this is common to pre-SaaS companies. So he's mostly
         | describing companies started at least a decade ago, perhaps two
         | or three.
         | 
         | However, the problems he describes can easily affect enterprise
         | SaaS companies in a niche. If your market literally has a few
         | thousand potential customers, you could end up in a situation
         | where onboarding a big new customer is a double-digit
         | percentage of your current revenue. At that point, it doesn't
         | matter if you're a SaaS or not, you're gonna feel the pressure
         | to do things for the sake of them.
        
         | Closi wrote:
         | > Sure, they would love for you to be a cheap outsourced dev
         | shop, but that's why your CEO needs to push back and sell the
         | vision of the company.
         | 
         | The issue with this is that it means your software won't meet
         | that clients requirements.
         | 
         | If you want to go into the enterprise space early rather than
         | pivot their later, you can't start by point blank refusing
         | requirements from your first big client - particularly as you
         | don't know what customers want yet (or more accurately - your
         | customers are telling you but you are saying it doesn't meet
         | your vision).
         | 
         | The problem is that if you want to break into enterprise and
         | aren't willing to make things bespoke, it probably means that
         | your MVP is going to be huge for certain types of software.
         | 
         | This isn't a rule for all types of software and things like
         | infrastructure provisioning / internal IT tools are different -
         | but I can see where he is coming from.
         | 
         | It's also different in terms of selling to the SMB or consumer
         | market, where the requirements will either be less-varied
         | (consumer) or the customer will generally sacrifice a lower
         | match to their functional requirements to save cost (SMB). This
         | of course depends on how mature the market is, and in a mature
         | market the MVP gets bigger (for example, word processors).
        
           | wayoutthere wrote:
           | One of the biggest mistakes you can make as a founder is to
           | go after enterprise B2B without understanding it. Companies
           | in this space are usually not willing to buy a half-baked
           | product. Corporate procurement doesn't like buying from
           | vendors without a track record. The hardest part is getting
           | your first client -- which is why SMB is the typical entry
           | point.
           | 
           | The only companies I've seen be successful starting with the
           | enterprise have older founders who have spent a decade or
           | more working in the industry and already have the
           | professional network and clout to reach their buyers. Without
           | that professional network and a track record of delivering,
           | you're not going to make it past the front door.
           | 
           | And in these types of environments, consulting / maintenance
           | absolutely must be part of the business model. Your customers
           | will demand it (or at least demand you have SIs lined up as
           | implementation partners).
        
             | Closi wrote:
             | Totally agree. The difference in 'enterprise-level'
             | software often is _configurability_ and the ability to meet
             | client needs without being totally custom (although even
             | for the biggest, most feature-rich enterprise software,
             | most implementations will _still_ require custom
             | development.
             | 
             | Often the problems 'enterprise software' solves aren't
             | overly difficult, and if every company worked the same way
             | it would be trivial to write the software, but the issue is
             | that every company _is_ different, and building everything
             | custom isn 't scalable or supportable.
        
         | lifeisstillgood wrote:
         | I want to add this to the wit and wisdom of Hacker News book.
         | 
         | The product market Fit thing is just right.
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | Wasn't if finance that decided that IT should be cost center for
       | every company?
        
       | clipradiowallet wrote:
       | Finance is an _excellent_ place to start. It 's very common for
       | IT directors to report to the CFO - not the CIO or CTO, but the
       | chief _financial_ officer. CFO 's are (ideally) great at saving
       | money, and it's likely they will begin to do so by pinching
       | pennies within IT. Think about that - someone who has an entire
       | career around a specific discipline(finance) directly governing
       | another discipline(IT). They cannot hope to make informed
       | decisions based on the current state of the industry unless they
       | are neglecting their primary responsibility of finance.
       | 
       | tldr; yes, "starting with finance" is a good way to transform IT.
        
         | shoto_io wrote:
         | In my experience it's a bit more nuanced than that.
         | 
         | My experience is that IT and finance people simply have a very
         | difficult time communicating with each other properly. They are
         | different type of people and speak different languages.
         | 
         | A CFO will be very open to invest if he's convinced that there
         | is a clear return on invest. Many IT folks don't want to
         | bothered thinking from that perspective.
         | 
         | If you want to have an easy life learn how to speak with your
         | board, especially the CFO.
         | 
         | PS: that's one of the core reasons some IT guys get management
         | consultants to do the translation job.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | security; worker health & safety; responsible waste disposal,
           | etc... are inevitably costs through the lens of a quarterly
           | financial summary.
        
             | andrewlgood wrote:
             | They are, as are salaries. Let me propose it this way, how
             | much do you think the company should spend on responsible
             | waste disposal? 10 dollars? 10 thousand dollars? 10 million
             | dollars? 10 billion dollars? Why do you pick the number you
             | did? What is the benefit to the company of making the
             | investment? Those answers should be the start of the
             | conversation on whether to make the investment.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | IT is just a cost... it doesn't create anything, doesn't
         | produce anything, ROI is zero...
         | 
         | ...but without IT, everything else stops, and usually people
         | think about that only when IT departments get so "skinny", that
         | things fail... and then they get blamed for that too.
        
         | landryraccoon wrote:
         | No company where the core product is technology should have an
         | engineering team that reports to the CFO.
         | 
         | At a bank or in retail sure, it may make sense for IT to report
         | to the CFO. At a healthcare proivder or insurance company, ok
         | sure that makes sense. In that case, IT is really just another
         | part of the plumbing because the core product isn't really
         | technology anyway. The blog post is moot because the technology
         | itself will have a minimal impact on the value added by the
         | company, which is elsewhere, and nobody in IT is likely to have
         | a seat at the product discussion table anyway.
         | 
         | But at a technology company? One where the core value add is
         | software products or services or hardware? I don't believe it.
         | I simply don't think that any company that places management of
         | technology based core value added products under the CFO can
         | succeed. If there happens to be some company out there that has
         | this structure, I'd treat them as having a big target on their
         | back - they're ripe for disruption by a company where
         | technology leads.
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | I think it's usually the other way around. Bean counters drive
         | IT professionals around.
        
         | EvanAnderson wrote:
         | IT reporting to a CFO or a comptroller has been common in my
         | experience.
         | 
         | Understanding the language and process of basic bookkeeping and
         | simple accounting has given me me immense traction with finance
         | people. When I demonstrate even a rudimentary understanding of
         | the metrics and reports finance uses (understanding what
         | financial statements communicate, tax ramifications of CapEx vs
         | OpEx, cost of money, etc) the trust level and willingness to
         | listen goes up tremendously. Stand-offish and distant
         | relationships became more concrete and productive when finance
         | people realize I'm not spouting techno-bullshit for bullshit's
         | (or techno's) sake.
         | 
         | Anybody with serious IT management aspirations in the private
         | sector really should have a reasonable amount of business
         | knowledge. An IT operation, both the in-house and contracted
         | services components, should be considered an internal business
         | unit. It should be evaluated on the expenses it charges-back to
         | the revenue-generating business units, and on the gains in
         | revenue it creates by driving efficiency. Knowing the metrics
         | that finance will use to evaluate an IT operation allows you to
         | make a case for improving those metrics.
        
         | jjeaff wrote:
         | That doesn't make any sense at all. What is the thought process
         | behind putting IT under finance? Seems like if you don't have a
         | cto or cio then reporting to a coo or even ceo makes more sense
         | than cfo.
        
           | austincheney wrote:
           | IT is a cost center and very expensive.
        
             | xxpor wrote:
             | This is fundamentally what Europe especially and some non-
             | tech large US firms don't get.
             | 
             | Repeat after me: software development *is not* IT.
             | 
             | IT is the department that hands out laptops and buys office
             | licenses from MS.
             | 
             | Software Engineering is a product development group.
             | 
             | They're two entirely different functions.
             | 
             | IT can make sense to have under the CFO, but product
             | development almost never does.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | Most software engineers are employed in companies whose
               | product is not software but something else; and their
               | "software products" - which may consume _many_ developers
               | - is not a product, but workflow support for the people
               | making /selling the actual product of the company.
        
               | walshemj wrote:
               | Not everyone makes that hard distinction
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | And that's the problem!
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > IT can make sense to have under the CFO, but product
               | development almost never does.
               | 
               | Just get a CTO.
               | 
               | But seriously, it's always hilarious to listen to non-
               | tech companies pitch how they can pivot to becoming a
               | "tech company just like Google" while following none of
               | the practices in SV. Developers still working for "IT",
               | cost cutting and penny pinching. No free food of
               | course...
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | C_O's are expensive.
        
               | austincheney wrote:
               | This is only true if you are a software company that
               | makes money selling or servicing software. I work at a
               | mega bank and we produce tons of software. It's still a
               | cost center, a means to an end.
               | 
               | The only distinction I see is that software developers
               | want to believe they are somehow more special than
               | everybody else.
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | I mean, everything is a means to an end to make money.
               | Google isn't selling ad tech software, they're selling
               | space on websites to advertise. The tech is just a means
               | to an end for that.
               | 
               | The companies that recognize this are the successful
               | ones, and the ones who don't fail eventually. Even John
               | Deere sees the light here. Why do you think they have all
               | of the DRM BS? The value comes from the software.
        
             | orev wrote:
             | That's only if you take a naive view of IT (which most
             | people do because it's the lazy approach). Laptops,
             | servers, networks, email boxes, etc. should all be charged
             | back to the departments those are actually being provided
             | to. When you do that, suddenly IT is making a lot of
             | (internal) money, and the business can see where the costs
             | _actually_ are.
             | 
             | IT is also not nearly as expensive as other types of
             | businesses that require huge capital investment, like
             | farming equipment, factory assembly lines, biotech
             | reactors, etc.
        
               | mason55 wrote:
               | IMO, if you're going to charge everything back to the
               | business units then you also need to provide some kind of
               | consulting-style services, or best practices, or
               | guidebooks, or something.
               | 
               | Otherwise you lose a lot of your economies of scale
               | because each business unit is trying to figure out the
               | best way to do things. Or you end up with shadow IT all
               | over the place because the BUs come up with cheaper but
               | unsanctioned/unsupported ways to do things.
               | 
               | You also need a way to objectively evaluate how IT is
               | performing. If the business units are going to third
               | parties because IT is unresponsive or overly "expensive"
               | then the exec team needs a way to see that. When IT is
               | responsible for the IT budget then they have incentive to
               | minimize costs and it's easy to do budget reviews. When
               | the business units have to pay that budget then IT acts
               | as a monopoly with little incentive to improve service or
               | reduce prices and it's much harder to find the shadow IT
               | that's being implemented to get around bad internal IT.
               | 
               | There's no one perfect answer.
        
               | orev wrote:
               | You make very good points. This kind of system only works
               | with strong support from the CEO, where everyone is
               | firmly "on the same team" and has designated positions to
               | play (e.g. IT has to provide the IT stuff). Once you
               | allow shopping around within the company or externally,
               | you end up in a shitshow.
               | 
               | It's still better than the typical approach, where
               | everyone is just angry at IT all the time "because they
               | are such a drag with so many expenses". Outside of the
               | extremely dysfunctional cases, charging everything back
               | to business units is at least the more honest approach.
        
               | tomnipotent wrote:
               | > should all be charged back to the departments
               | 
               | I had this fight with my last CEO. She put anything tech-
               | related under my budget. Worked with accounting to show
               | what the budget would look like if expenses were
               | correctly attributed, and suddenly I wasn't spending so
               | much money anymore.
               | 
               | Reason she didn't want to change it? So they didn't have
               | to explain why expenses changed so much quarter-to-
               | quarter during the next board meeting.
        
               | maverick-iceman wrote:
               | > Reason she didn't want to change it? So they didn't
               | have to explain why expenses changed so much quarter-to-
               | quarter during the next board meeting.
               | 
               | Seems like a win-win. Now she knows the reality of the
               | enterprise and is okay with the expenses but she feels
               | that investors would be bothered by it, so better not
               | change anything in order to avoid having to answer their
               | questions
        
               | xarope wrote:
               | I did that when I was CIO at a non-tech firm; all IT
               | costs for hardware, software and services (including ISP
               | lines) were apportioned to the various floors and depts
               | by seat basis.
               | 
               | 10 years later, my ex-CFO still thanks me for what I did,
               | and wish I was still with the company.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > Laptops, servers, networks, email boxes, etc. should
               | all be charged back to the departments those are actually
               | being provided to
               | 
               | Wait there are companies that don't do that?
        
               | orev wrote:
               | Pretty much most of them. Anytime you hear people
               | complaining about how IT is nothing but a huge expense
               | (which is by far the biggest complaint made by business
               | people about IT), they're in a company like this.
               | 
               | It seems to be mostly the really large companies who have
               | enough of an internal economy where they actually get to
               | the point of internal chargebacks.
        
           | papandada wrote:
           | This is just a guess, but for some companies at some point in
           | their lifespan, finance and IT were the people who sat at
           | computers all day.
        
           | andrewlgood wrote:
           | When I have seen this done, it is because the CEO does not
           | want to get into the details of IT. At that point IT needs to
           | report to someone. There may or may not be a COO. Sometimes
           | see it reporting to a Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), but
           | as landryraccoon points out above, this is not the case when
           | technology is the core product of the company.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | Cash is ultimately truth in the business. You can bullshit
           | people night and day, but the bank account doesn't lie.
           | 
           | In my experience as an IT person, IT people are almost always
           | full of shit when they talk money or roi. Usually when you
           | think the tech team has their money story together, it's
           | because they are growing and you can hide mistakes in growth.
           | 
           | Once growth slows, you realize there's some dude making $250k
           | and nobody knows what he does. Or that you're paying
           | $1M/month for AWS charges that you cannot track back to
           | revenue. Or that you're running a data center that full of
           | end of life equipment that isn't used or brand new equipment
           | that was never commissioned. So the CEO brings in the bean
           | counters to rein in the nonsense.
        
             | tomnipotent wrote:
             | > Usually when you think the tech team has their money
             | story together, it's because they are growing and you can
             | hide mistakes in growth.
             | 
             | Great insight, and mirrors my own experience a lot.
             | 
             | > you realize there's some dude making $250k and nobody
             | knows what he does
             | 
             | I've been through this situation several times as a CTO.
             | CEO's can come off as Jekyll and Hyde, one day shouting at
             | you to hire, hire, hire and then giving you flak about
             | those same hires when things don't go as planned.
        
             | walshemj wrote:
             | So just because you know how to count the $ does not mean
             | you know or are competent to decide how it is deployed or
             | see the bigger picture.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Agreed, and actually many times the money people are
               | complete idiots.
               | 
               | But if you're not growing, the obvious way to make more
               | money is to spend less. Many companies get away with this
               | for decades.
        
             | rodgerd wrote:
             | > roi
             | 
             | ROI and it's cousin TCO _should_ be useful terms, but it 's
             | been so twisted and bastardised that it's basically a
             | useless metric. Everyone has some bullshit story that shows
             | that if you give them millions now they'll deliver a lower
             | ROI or TCO.
        
           | SimianSci wrote:
           | IT can be a money sink for finance, under the wrong
           | direction.
           | 
           | I joined a firm recovering from this very problem. The
           | previous IT director spent wildly and justified every
           | purchase to finance who trusted their judgement. When the
           | bills finally came due it almost put the firm under and the
           | IT director left.
        
       | lincpa wrote:
       | Development ideas from A Certified Public Accountant:
       | 
       | Computer science is essentially a management science, and vice
       | versa.
       | 
       | Follower's success stories: Apple M1 chip + MacOS
       | 
       | come soon: Qualcomm, MS, Intel, AMD, Samsung, Cray, etc.
       | 
       | The Grand Unified Programming Theory: The Pure Function Pipeline
       | Data Flow with Principle-based Warehouse/Workshop Model
       | 
       | https://github.com/linpengcheng/PurefunctionPipelineDataflow
        
       | slt2021 wrote:
       | IT and Finance report to CEO. If you have clueless boomer CEO who
       | doesnt understand what is digital transformation, then nothing
       | will help
        
         | acdha wrote:
         | If the CEO doesn't listen to anyone who works for them, you're
         | going to have many problems. If not, you might want to work on
         | your communications strategy: in particular, ask whether the
         | problem is that you failed to communicate the business benefits
         | from a proposed modernization plan or are just repeating
         | consultant babble.
        
           | slt2021 wrote:
           | IT and Finance are just executing CEO's strategy and vision.
           | A lot depends on hiring - whether CEO/Board is capable of
           | hiring competent CFO and CIO. WIth CFO it is easier, because
           | finance has been around since money was invented and a lot of
           | hard problems have been solved in finance and there is vast
           | theoretical body of knowledge backing it up. a lot of it is
           | straightforward.
           | 
           | with IT it is hard, because the field is changing rapidly and
           | hiring a competent CIO/CTO is harder.
           | 
           | this is why CEO is critical, and he is ultimately responsible
           | for the overall outcome
        
       | Vaslo wrote:
       | Funny to read this because I happen to work in Finance and many
       | requests come through my team. I'm going to add some advice here
       | for what it's worth.
       | 
       | A manager once told me that Legal and IT will always tell you no
       | before telling you yes. Basically you need to argue and escalate
       | to get things done, and it's frustrating. After 20 years I've
       | found that pretty true, though my current company is a bit better
       | than others I've worked for where IT pretty much said no to
       | everything.
       | 
       | Everytime you are going to stop me from writing queries to your
       | server, or add more security that makes it harder to do my job
       | without sufficient support to rightfully get through that
       | security, or deny me the ability to download legit software from
       | the likes of Microsoft and other reputable vendors because you
       | have some ridiculous amount of red tape, I'm absolutely going to
       | question every dollar and be skeptical of how the funding is
       | going to help me or my partners in HR, Sales, Supply Chain etc.
       | 
       | If your projects help me, and you help me, I'm definitely willing
       | to help you more and fight for you and your budget.
        
         | NullPrefix wrote:
         | Did you just admit that you fight legal and IT on purpose, just
         | to have a fight?
        
           | ativzzz wrote:
           | He chooses to not help people who make his job harder, sounds
           | like a normal human being to me.
        
             | 542458 wrote:
             | Lots of people make other people's jobs "harder" with good
             | reason. Things like code review, legal compliance, IT
             | policy, etc are just "overhead" if you assume that your
             | knowledge is infallible - but people are fallible and we
             | need systems like this that, yes, slow us down in order to
             | keep from getting burned.
        
               | Vaslo wrote:
               | The overhead needs support. If you put up additional
               | security where only IT staff can do x, then you need to
               | ask for or transfer headcount to ensure it's just as
               | nimble as before. If you demonstrate that ability to
               | manage change, then you also demonstrate that the limited
               | funds are best in your hands.
        
           | Vaslo wrote:
           | Nope, I am saying that there are many individuals in those
           | functions that a solution creates more work for them, so they
           | default to "no". Hard no's are understood in some cases -
           | i.e. installing random nonsense from the internet. However, A
           | "No, here's why. But..." is way more helpful and generates a
           | lot of respect from business partners.
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | I work in finance and think I understand gp's meaning.
           | Although the end part sounds like They're playing favorites
           | with budget dollars which is essentially where office
           | politics comes into play and not exactly in a way that's in
           | the best interest of the company.
           | 
           | However, the problem I see is that teams (hr, legal, etc)
           | generally can't be trusted to make decent technology
           | decisions. They could blow $10M on something that sits on the
           | shelf because they were "sold" or worse it disrupts the
           | entire organization in the process of a failed
           | implementation. Both we see happen regularly throughout the
           | organization. Finance is responsible for vetting every
           | possible point of failure which is why we are risk adverse,
           | or appear so.
        
             | Vaslo wrote:
             | I think you captured it more elegantly than I did. I know
             | it sounds like playing favorites but consider it's not just
             | me I look at out for. If our IT Business Analyst Jill helps
             | all the people in our business and everyone raves about how
             | helpful she is, I have a lot more trust than the guy who
             | scolds his employee for taking calls at 4 that my be issues
             | because it's the end of the day and he didn't want to stay
             | late fixing issues (I swear on my life another manager and
             | I overheard this badgering occur). If it's Jill vs him
             | asking for a headcount, Jill is getting it all day long.
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | That's exactly what playing favorites is. If his
               | headcount is more impactful to achieve company goals, he
               | gets it. You need to learn to compartmentalize
               | 
               | If you feel someone is deserving of punishment, they
               | should know why and it shouldn't be through your
               | budgetary control. It's a misuse of power.
        
         | waste_monk wrote:
         | This is a bad attitude to hold. Despite common opinion, most IT
         | departments are just trying to meet their own objectives and
         | requirements and are not deliberately trying to frustrate the
         | users under their care.
         | 
         | >Everytime you are going to stop me from writing queries to
         | your server or add more security that makes it harder to do my
         | job without sufficient support to rightfully get through that
         | security,
         | 
         | I would sincerely hope someone in finance would understand
         | separation of duties and generally that being able to
         | arbitrarily manipulate a database without any controls is a bad
         | idea. Especially if it holds business-critical financial data.
         | 
         | > or deny me the ability to download legit software from the
         | likes of Microsoft and other reputable vendors because you have
         | some ridiculous amount of red tape
         | 
         | There is no absolutely zero reason why ordinary users should
         | have administrative control over their workstations in a
         | corporate environment. It's been considered a worst practice
         | for several decades, pretty much every IT framework forbids it,
         | and it genuinely prevents a vast swathe of issues and limits
         | the scope of damage if something does occur. It also doesn't
         | matter who the vendor is, installing updates without testing to
         | see if they're compatible with your environment is a sure-fire
         | way to break things (and believe me, just because they're big
         | like Microsoft doesn't mean their quality control isn't
         | garbage).
         | 
         | > because you have some ridiculous amount of red tape, I'm
         | absolutely going to question every dollar and be skeptical of
         | how the funding is going to help me or my partners in HR,
         | Sales, Supply Chain etc. > If your projects help me, and you
         | help me, I'm definitely willing to help you more and fight for
         | you and your budget.
         | 
         | Sometimes IT are required to undertake projects that disrupt or
         | inconvenience other parts of the business, but the reverse is
         | often true. That's just how things go sometimes. Instead of
         | becoming antagonistic, why not talk to IT and try and find out
         | why something is happening and work with IT to solve it? It
         | will be more productive in the long run.
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | It sounds like you are mad at the security folk not really IT.
         | 
         | No you can't run arbitrary queries that bring my server to a
         | halt. No I'm not going to give to access to my API only for you
         | to blast my system with some python script during peak hours
         | when you can just extract the data in CSV and use a real data
         | analysis tool. No I won't support your shadow IT Access DB that
         | you created because you refuse to pay for a sql server with
         | enterprise grade storage and redundancy.
         | 
         | These are things that have happened to me and I can't imagine
         | being in security and having to deal with people installing
         | whatever they want.
         | 
         | The reason IT (including security) say no is because we have
         | been burnt before and are left alone when someone fucks things
         | up.
        
           | Vaslo wrote:
           | Then you need to help me write the queries . Then you need to
           | help me with the API calls. And yes I will shadow IT all day
           | long until you work with me on a better solution then just
           | downloading CSV files. If you aren't going to help me and do
           | your best to get me a solution, Even if not perfect, I am
           | definitely skeptical of your requests and need to watch out
           | for empire building. I'm not writing SELECT * queries man - I
           | have very specific data requests and have an MS in Comp Sci
           | so while I'm far from a DBA, I'm respectful of things I don't
           | know. You can't just say "no we aren't writing requests
           | today".
           | 
           | I don't think people should install just any program willy
           | nilly, but why in the fuck can't I install SSIS from
           | Microsoft to help me deal with shitty "here's some csv's"
           | service I sometimes get? Literally no reason ever ever to not
           | be able to download that.
        
             | cmwelsh wrote:
             | > Then you need to help me write the queries .
             | 
             | As it must be.
             | 
             | > Then you need to help me with the API calls.
             | 
             | As it should be, with visualizations of the time-series
             | data, if applicable.
             | 
             | Banks are more than ever driven by their tech teams. Tell
             | your manager if you're suffering.
        
               | yodelshady wrote:
               | >As it must be.
               | 
               | No IT department in the world _has_ that level of
               | resource, hence the  "cybersecurity skills shortage",
               | rolling battles between IT and
               | engineering/sales/marketing, and Shadow IT.
               | 
               | The Zen of IT is giving your users the tools and
               | knowledge they need and locking off the things that are
               | actually illegal. The former use cases no longer bother
               | you, the latter cases don't have exceptions to argue.
               | 
               | You are not doing case-by-case support. Ever.
        
             | wil421 wrote:
             | Shadow IT is fine for now. The execs will do their next
             | Technology Transformation to get rid of shadow IT at the
             | advise of highly paid consultants. It will be consultants
             | draining your coffers not IT and I can guarantee you it
             | will be more expensive than doing IT right in the first
             | place.
        
         | FooHentai wrote:
         | >deny me the ability to download legit software from the likes
         | of Microsoft and other reputable vendors because
         | 
         | Because when your computer screws out and you're unable to
         | work, IT is on the hook for your lost time and you get to go
         | floppy because 'the network is down'. If IT is responsible for
         | ensuring your technology environment supports your
         | productivity, which in almost all organisations they are, then
         | they need to be in exclusive control of it or they cannot
         | provide a comfortable level of assurance to the organisation.
         | Responsibility and control go hand in hand. I won't take
         | responsibility for anything outside of my control, and if
         | you're sane neither will you.
         | 
         | Teams that are willing to confront their organisation's
         | established norms and assume responsibility for the continued
         | operation of their workstations and the corporate network they
         | are trusted members of may be able to gain permission (from
         | management, not IT) to get install privileges. If you're in an
         | organization that's deployed a zero-trust model this is much
         | easier, and you only have to assume responsibility for the
         | workstations as the network is already resilient againsts it's
         | participants.
         | 
         | Everyone else needs to sit down. If you're not giving me an
         | unlimited bank account of the company's money, I'm not giving
         | you admin rights; And the motivation for restricting both are
         | very similar.
         | 
         | On the other hand, ensuring people have what they need to be
         | able to do their job to the best of their ability is kinda the
         | point of IT. Unfortunately it's never a simple job to
         | distinguish between 'blustering and wants to run a bitcoin
         | miner' from 'needs a legit piece of software to do their job
         | better' without proper engagement to understand your needs. If
         | you have legitimate needs you don't look any different from the
         | dickhead in the other department that's taking the piss, until
         | we've gone through that 'red tape'.
        
           | tempodox wrote:
           | > Responsibility and control go hand in hand.
           | 
           | That can't be emphasized enough. I've seen my fair share of
           | situations where people get saddled with responsibility and
           | no corresponding control. When that happens, they end up
           | being other people's clean-up crew with no time for much
           | else.
        
         | sangnoir wrote:
         | > If your projects help me, and you help me, I'm definitely
         | willing to help you more and fight for you and your budget.
         | 
         | That's a perfectly normal human response - but having to
         | schmooze the petty tyrants in Finance for something that helps
         | the organization as a whole is why I will _never_ again work at
         | a company where my department is seen as a cost center.
         | 
         | Most finance folk are more amenable when the problem can be
         | simplified to "if you give money; we'll make more of it" _as a
         | first order effect_ ; anything less than that will be mired in
         | politics and backroom dealing.
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | Profit center all the way. It's true for any job in any
           | industry.
           | 
           | > Most finance folk are more amenable when the problem can be
           | simplified to "if you give money; we'll make more of it"
           | 
           | This is or should be leadership in general. It's just
           | business acumen 101.
           | 
           | > mired in politics and backroom dealing
           | 
           | It's usually just a sorting of all possible decisions. What
           | you don't see is how 10x of available budget dollars is being
           | asked for by various departments that have no clear financial
           | ROI and someone has to decide which investments to fund and
           | what can wait. IT as a cost center can usually wait.
        
             | sangnoir wrote:
             | > This is or should be leadership in general. It's just
             | business acumen 101.
             | 
             | My point is that they can be short-sighted by seeing value
             | in things that directly generate money, which is the
             | opposite of acumen. Things like "We'll halve the wait time
             | on help-desk tickets, making everyone more productive" or
             | "We need an additional storage array, we're almost at
             | capacity and need head-room" are not money-makers, but the
             | finance folk at some organizations treat it like it's
             | _your_ personal pet project that you have to grovel for.
        
         | carlosf wrote:
         | In my first job as a sysadmin I tried my best to support
         | business and two things happened:
         | 
         | 1 - My paycheck did not increase when business was successful.
         | 
         | 2 - When something broke as a result of assuming risks to
         | deliver stuff, I was blamed, not business.
         | 
         | So I realized the most rational thing I could do was to become
         | a bureaucrat and ended up leaving.
         | 
         | Now I work in a place where business and IT are in the same
         | team and have the same financial incentives. I tend to make
         | reasonable consesions and business people actually care about
         | security and keeping tech debt sane. Pretty cool.
        
       | goforbg wrote:
       | I think this is mostly true for B2B SAAS startups but not for the
       | rest.
        
       | goforbg wrote:
       | I think this holds true mostly for B2B SAAS platforms but not for
       | the rest.
        
       | endymi0n wrote:
       | Oh god, no.
       | 
       | Finance itself is the worst place to get anything done, since
       | their view is almost always a reactive one.
       | 
       | When accounting and controlling are done setting up their cost
       | centers, the most logical place from their view would be to fire
       | all developers and double the sales team, as that's where the
       | money is made.
       | 
       | Risky and unproven new projects with unclear (but potentially
       | massive) returns or indirect relations like production engineers
       | increasing the productivity of application engineers through
       | automation do simply not exist in that world.
       | 
       | Finance is ultimately a completely soulless place that -- just
       | like technology-centered nerds -- should defer to a CEO who puts
       | all the pieces together into a coherent vision, ruthlessly chases
       | product-market fit and a profit-first (but NOT profit-only or
       | self-cannibalizing) approach and thus injects business sense into
       | all players in their company.
       | 
       | And that includes the finance department, of which I've certainly
       | seen some of the most stupid ideas. Like software
       | capitalization/activation that did made sense for converting opex
       | to capex in the GAAP sheets, but in the end drove all the best
       | engineers away because of all the mindless paperwork. Just one of
       | many examples.
       | 
       | Finance isn't any more intelligent than the other players in the
       | company.
        
         | andrewlgood wrote:
         | Full disclosure, I am a CFO and have spent much of my career in
         | Finance. I have never worked in a place where I or anyone else
         | there thought Finance is "any more intelligent than the other
         | players in the company."
         | 
         | This article is disappointing in that it gives the impression
         | that one department makes or breaks a company. To be clear,
         | there are poorly run Finance organizations in the world and
         | they can make the culture at a company less than fun. There are
         | also poorly run IT organizations (to include product
         | development) that can ruin a company culture. Even ones run by
         | a CTO that reports to the CEO.
         | 
         | I have also never seen a company where the CFO does not
         | ultimately report to the CEO. I have seen companies where the
         | CFO reports to a Chief Administrative Officer (CAO) who reports
         | to the CEO. I completely agree that the CEO ultimately sets the
         | vision of the company and hires the executive team to deliver
         | on it. That being said, a CEO is not Superman/Superwoman. They
         | need a team surrounding them to deliver what you expect.
         | 
         | What the article could have emphasized is how software
         | engineers can work with the Finance team to better describe
         | investment opportunities like hiring production engineers to
         | increase the productivity of application engineers. Yes,
         | investment opportunities ultimately need to generate more cash
         | returns than the investment. This may require serious thought
         | around the benefits from increased software quality, faster
         | cycle times, increased cybersecurity etc. Importantly the
         | analyses do not have to be decimal level precise. But, if you
         | cannot describe how your investment opportunity ultimately
         | creates more cash flow than the investment required, your
         | opportunity will likely not be funded.
        
           | tpuser wrote:
           | The finance business area at the last large company I worked
           | for was borderline ridiculous. The division I was employed at
           | ran a billion in revenue through Excel sheets scattered
           | across network drives. FSS had a nightmare of a week at the
           | end of every quarter. I was given a promotion and a shift
           | from engineering to business analysis with the goal of
           | creating a model to predict workforce requirements for
           | ongoing business and new contracts. After a few months of
           | learning the ropes and the history of similar attempts, it
           | became clear that the company already held a license for
           | software suitable (perfect) for this goal and the finance
           | area was already slowly working towards ditching the excel
           | mess in favor of the sane solution.
           | 
           | By "slowly" I mean that they had been inching towards using
           | the right tool for years, finding any and every excuse to
           | abandon course. The corporate app dev unit explained to me
           | that they were wary of working with the finance area of my
           | division as finance had repeatedly gone 90% of the way to an
           | improved tool only to bail out at the last minute, wasting
           | time and money and leaving corp app managers the task of
           | explaining why things fell through to their bosses.
           | 
           | The best (worst) excuse given by finance during my attempt to
           | sort things out was after we were acquired by an even larger
           | contractor. "We're not sure if <company> uses <software>, so
           | we're going to need to put a complete halt on the shift."
           | They weren't sure? It took me less than a minute to go to the
           | acquiring corp's job req page and see that they were hiring
           | admins/devs for the software in question. Ridiculous. Finance
           | leadership could have made a single call to ask a single
           | question, but rather than stepping out of the comfort zone
           | they decided to scuttle a project which was all but
           | guaranteed to improve their lives and the organization as a
           | whole.
           | 
           | I'm close to 50/50 on whether the finance unit was doing
           | something dishonest and wished to retain the control provided
           | by using an opaque/incomprehensible system or if they were
           | merely too afraid of any sort of change by virtue of their
           | bean counting nature. Either way, they're probably still
           | actively harming the company.
        
             | andrewlgood wrote:
             | It is sad how much of Finance (primarily FP&A) gets run
             | through Excel. There are many products out there today that
             | can make the job easier, but as you point out, not all
             | organizations are quick to embrace them.
             | 
             | My personal hope is financial analysts get more tech savvy
             | over time. SQL should be a year one skill with Python/R
             | soon after. These should complement spreadsheets which
             | would still have an important role in ad hoc analyses.
             | Combine this increased tech savvy with an understanding of
             | a visualization tool such as Tableau/Power BI and I think
             | financial analysts could be significantly more productive
             | than they are today.
             | 
             | There would also be far fewer spreadsheets lying around on
             | the network drives. It is amazing how many of those
             | spreadsheets are simply the same model with the next
             | month's data. Better use of databases would allow one
             | spreadsheet with a database to store the changing inputs.
        
               | tpuser wrote:
               | >My personal hope is financial analysts get more tech
               | savvy over time.
               | 
               | Probably won't happen and isn't important imo. If
               | somebody can dig SQL/Python/R then somebody can get paid
               | more to do something other than count beans (speaking
               | here of lowest level financial analysts [accountants]; I
               | was probably the only person at the division trying to
               | make a meaningful financial forecast that was more
               | detailed than a top level number with zero transparency.
               | I started w/ python but wanted a COTS solution. Didn't
               | want to babysit it.).
               | 
               | >Better use of databases would allow one spreadsheet with
               | a database to store the changing inputs.
               | 
               | This is the key. The number one complaint of every other
               | business area was that forecasts came in asynchronously
               | and it was impossible to tell whether what had been added
               | or removed was real. Hallway conversations took the place
               | of structured data. That's fine for many things, but not
               | for projections which determine whether we need to hire
               | twenty more engineers or let go of a dozen.
               | 
               | The product that would've solved the problem (and then
               | some) was IBM's TM1 (now "Planning Analytics powered by
               | TM1"). My model worked well in TM1 and could've been
               | extended to being better than a calculated model--the
               | direct inputs from the dozens of IPTs could have been
               | collected without the need for any math used to back out
               | of numbers. No "model", merely the collection of demands
               | of every program and every potential contract. The
               | program teams already generated all of this data; finance
               | threw most of it away while rolling it up.
               | 
               | TM1/PA has Excel plugins which render the change
               | invisible to the financial analysts doing the work. Their
               | job doesn't change but the organization can hoover up
               | more data by at least an order of magnitude, breaking the
               | cycle of relying upon opaque, top-level numbers that no
               | other business area actually trusts.
        
               | andrewlgood wrote:
               | I think one of the communication challenges in this broad
               | discussion is what is a "finance" person. Several people
               | refer to them as people in Accounting (accountants) when
               | I think they really mean Financial Planning & Analysis
               | (FP&A analysts). Within most Finance organizations there
               | is a big difference. Accountants (particularly early in
               | their career) focus primarily on the past and properly
               | describing it in the general ledger following accounting
               | rules (e.g. GAAP / IFRS). FP&A analysts (should) focus on
               | forecasting the future, then looking at what happens and
               | describing why it differed from their forecast (variance
               | analysis) so they can make a better forecast next time.
               | 
               | I agree with you that it is unlikely accountants will
               | learn SQL/Python/R. They are tied to their ERP and Excel.
               | My hope is the FP&A analysts will develop the
               | SQL/Python/R skills to enable the better/faster
               | development of complex models to forecast.
               | 
               | >The product that would've solved the problem (and then
               | some) was IBM's TM1
               | 
               | I have not used TM1, but have heard many good things
               | about it. Today I hear more people discuss Workday's
               | Adaptive Planning than any other product in that class.
               | Unfortunately most are still creating their primary
               | forecast in a spreadsheet, then loading it into the TM1
               | or Adaptive which then has additional rules to build out
               | the forecast.
               | 
               | I agree that using these types of products increases
               | transparency and speed.
        
               | galaxyLogic wrote:
               | The reason I think Excel sucks is that it hides the
               | formulas behind the cells. There is no way to get good
               | report on the mathematical MODEL written in an Excel
               | spreadsheet, far less for a group of them connected
               | together.
               | 
               | Or am I wrong? Is there an easy way to get a report that
               | tells what a given spreadsheet calculates?
        
               | wombatpm wrote:
               | There is an audit feature to follow calculations. My
               | truck was to replace all equal signs with QXQ to make
               | formulas visible and diffable
        
               | andrewlgood wrote:
               | IMHO, you are not wrong. The advantage of spreadsheets is
               | they are incredibly flexible. The disadvantage of
               | spreadsheets is they are incredibly flexible.
               | 
               | Over the years I have noticed a few conventions that make
               | spreadsheets easier to read from a model perspective. -
               | Inputs should have their own tab and ideally a name.
               | Should also be a color-coded font (blue is popular). - A
               | worksheet should work left to right, top to bottom. I am
               | always frustrated when I try to work through someone
               | else's spreadsheet and the formulas just drift across a
               | tab rather than working in a pattern toward a
               | conclusion/summary - Pretty print sections should be
               | separate from the actual engine. Do the calculations in a
               | manner that is easy to understand. Create an output tab
               | to create the pretty report. - Flag with a bright
               | background color when a formula changes (yellow is
               | popular). This frequently happens when your boss asks you
               | to create a scenario where you override a formula with a
               | constant. I cannot tell you how many hours of my life
               | have been lost tracking down an overridden formula.
               | 
               | These types of conventions make spreadsheets easier to
               | inherit from someone else. They do not change the fact
               | that there can be a lot of calculations happening through
               | a multi-tab that you simply cannot see the bigger
               | picture.
        
           | Fordec wrote:
           | I am at a point where I don't think there should be finance
           | departments in tech companies. I also believe there shouldn't
           | be siloed data departments for the record either. There
           | should be teams, build around a cohesive product goal that
           | solves customer needs. There should be someone who
           | understands the money side of things embedded in that
           | department doing analyses and making recommendations to the
           | product manager, not direct to a CFO. Maybe half their job is
           | regular market analysis work too if the role isn't _that_
           | big. Those product managers should then have in their day to
           | day functions a requirement to get that info to a CFO 's
           | hands (who is really just the executive teams internal
           | finance person) to make their case for their product.
        
             | andrewlgood wrote:
             | For clarity, when you refer to finance, I think you mean
             | Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A). I think you would
             | agree that centralized Tax, Treasury, and Accounting
             | functions are ok and should probably report to the CFO.
             | 
             | With respect to FP&A, I have seen several firms that simply
             | embed them within a product line or business unit. They
             | need to submit forecasts to a central group, but their
             | primary mission is to support the product or business line.
        
               | Fordec wrote:
               | Yeah basically but I've yet to work on a team (that I
               | didn't build myself) where the FP&A is separated from
               | Accounting/Tax and not a direct report to the CFO or CEO
               | if the company is pre-CFO. Sometimes even seen
               | Accounting/Tax as a direct report under HR with zero
               | product connection. So I just hadn't come across that
               | term before.
        
         | wtvanhest wrote:
         | I have worked in FP&A for the past 6 or so years after working
         | in the investment world. For a short time (8 or so months) I
         | supported a CIO and had to approve the NPV analysis of every
         | tech project that the company did.
         | 
         | The thing that most project managers / engineers don't see is
         | that finance's real job is to simplify the story and fact check
         | the assumptions so that execs can rely on the investment being
         | reasonable. Execs don't care if the NPV is to the penny, they
         | care that it makes logical sense and that business leaders
         | (brand leaders, region leaders or whoever is SVPsh level)
         | supports the project. More than 50% of my time was just talking
         | to execs trying to lock down support for other people's
         | projects so they could get them done.
         | 
         | Often times when a project get rejected, its not because
         | finance made the decision, its because tech didn't get the
         | right business leaders on board before asking for a project
         | investment.
         | 
         | > Risky and unproven new projects with unclear (but potentially
         | massive) returns or indirect relations like production
         | engineers increasing the productivity of application engineers
         | through automation do simply not exist in that world.
         | 
         | If you do a lot of risky and unproven new projects with unclear
         | (but potentially massive) returns, the business will go
         | bankrupt and everyone will lose their jobs and equity.
         | Incremental, but repeated small and correct bets usually are
         | best for driving high returns on capital overtime. Sometimes
         | when an intuitive exec sees an opportunity they need to take a
         | shot on goal and risk some capital. In those cases, finance is
         | kind of out of the picture as the exec needs to stand on their
         | own.
         | 
         | > And that includes the finance department, of which I've
         | certainly seen some of the most stupid ideas. Like software
         | capitalization/activation that did made sense for converting
         | opex to capex in the GAAP sheets, but in the end drove all the
         | best engineers away because of all the mindless paperwork. Just
         | one of many examples.
         | 
         | The opex to capex justification stuff comes from accounting,
         | not finance. Its very painful, but the accounting teams must
         | follow the law/gaap rules of accounting.
         | 
         | > Finance isn't any more intelligent than the other players in
         | the company.
         | 
         | Absolutely correct. Just another cog in the corporate machine.
         | If you find yourself frustrated with any cog (co-workers) its
         | probably best to talk to them and figure out what you are
         | missing.
         | 
         | Most people are trying their hardest.
        
         | rootsudo wrote:
         | I disagree, if you're able to understand and do a projection,
         | forecast, risk analysis, sunk cost analysis you can easily get
         | finance on your side.
         | 
         | The issue is that IT/tech does not know business key words or
         | excel spreadsheets, and finance does not know tech. Nowadays
         | it's getting blurred with data scientsts and excel crunchers
         | that can do a mean macro (and know more than Vlookup!)
         | 
         | Finance people love automation. Finance people love excel.
         | Finance people understand sunk cost fallacy. Finance people
         | understand change. Finance people need help to embrace change,
         | to guide decisions and make sure it's the right "tech" for the
         | company.
         | 
         | Many times the right tech is O365/Sharepoint/Flow automation,
         | or nintex. Yeah, but
         | 
         | it is not souless, it guides the entire company, it ist he
         | company pursestrings.
         | 
         | Get them on your side, understand how to read a P/L sheet, what
         | FPA does and you'll not only earn respect, you'll have your
         | name said at all the exec/leaderships meetings and you'll be
         | loved.
         | 
         | That's what I do in companies (consulting, self run) and w/o a
         | good background in finance, and tech I wouldn't be where I am
         | today (major in stats, tech was hobby, stats/math is everything
         | etc.)
         | 
         | So I fully disagree 100%. You had it so close with SAAS and
         | capex vs opex, but you missed it. But yes it does move expenses
         | around and opex is easier to navigage then a full sunk cost
         | capex.
        
           | jldugger wrote:
           | > I disagree, if you're able to understand and do a
           | projection, forecast, risk analysis, sunk cost analysis you
           | can easily get finance on your side.
           | 
           | The mystery to me is why IT departments run by a CFO are
           | notoriously bad at IT. It seems like Finance will take
           | cutting costs over increased revenue every day of the week; I
           | don't know if they just hate taking on risk, or are just
           | hoping someone will convince the board to hire a CIO and
           | relieve them of the duties, but the end result is rarely
           | pretty.
        
             | webmaven wrote:
             | _> The mystery to me is why IT departments run by a CFO are
             | notoriously bad at IT. It seems like Finance will take
             | cutting costs over increased revenue every day of the week;
             | I don 't know if they just hate taking on risk, or are just
             | hoping someone will convince the board to hire a CIO and
             | relieve them of the duties, but the end result is rarely
             | pretty._
             | 
             | In my experience it is simply a reflexive dismissal of
             | externalities. If you can get them to model the small but
             | real (though fuzzy, so with error bars) costs (eg. higher
             | employee dissatisfaction = increased turnover, lower
             | productivity = increased time to market, etc.) of each cut
             | it works out better: Sometimes the cumulative price does
             | it, sometimes the cumulative uncertainty.
        
           | erdos4d wrote:
           | I read this comment and I feel dumber.
        
           | clncy wrote:
           | Spot in with the automation! Too often people rush to build a
           | new system without thinking first about the systems and
           | processes that already exist.
        
           | planet-and-halo wrote:
           | This is something I've been interested in for a while. Do you
           | think it's worth getting an MBA or some other financial
           | degree if you're already in the workforce, or can you learn
           | enough on the fly?
        
             | andrewlgood wrote:
             | I do not recommend getting an MBA or some other financial
             | degree. Rootsudo's response is excellent. There are
             | actually very few financial concepts involved in these
             | types of analyses (e.g. discounted cash flows, IRR, and
             | NPV).
             | 
             | IMHO, the best thing you can do is work with someone in
             | your FP&A (Financial Planning & Analysis) group discuss
             | your investment idea and why you think it is a good idea.
             | If they are a decent analyst, they will help build a model
             | to describe financially your investment opportunity. This
             | is what they live for.
        
               | planet-and-halo wrote:
               | Thanks, appreciate the suggestion.
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | FP&A agrees. For what it's worth, I never did MBA. I did
               | finance undergrad and it just felt duplicative to do it
               | again. It can be limiting to an extent but it's also
               | meritocratic once you're in. It's a screening question
               | for many employers at the manager/director level and up
               | but if you haven't built a strong enough network by then
               | than something is off anyways. (Make friends with
               | recruiters.)
        
               | shnock wrote:
               | I would agree strongly with the comment to which you are
               | replying (the parent? This is my first time commenting
               | :). The primary benefits of an MBA are not the knowledge
               | learned and said knowledge is shallow enough that it is
               | feasible to gain it without the degree.
        
             | cyberge99 wrote:
             | DevFinOps and Cloud cost efficiency is a thing. As more
             | orgs move to utility based pricing, understanding and
             | optimizing spend and accurately projecting are becoming
             | much more valuable.
             | 
             | So, I'd say go for it if it's something you think you'd
             | enjoy.
        
             | haser_au wrote:
             | I asked the same question a few years ago (tech background,
             | needed to uplift my business knowledge/lingo). The response
             | was "you should find a way to obtain the knowledge of an
             | MBA, without having to do one".
             | 
             | As a result of searching a few years back, I ended up
             | buying a copy of "The Personal MBA" and reading it through.
             | This comes with the list of 99 business books, listed here;
             | https://personalmba.com/best-business-books/
             | 
             | * I have no affiliation with the site, author or book. I'm
             | just speaking from my personal experience and the benefit
             | of business knowledge this gave me.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > I disagree, if you're able to understand and do a
           | projection, forecast, risk analysis, sunk cost analysis you
           | can easily get finance on your side.
           | 
           | That doesn't help against clueless execs who live 20 years or
           | more in the past. Japan's cybersecurity minister _literally
           | admitted to never ever having used a computer in his life_
           | (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/15/japan-cyber-
           | se...).
           | 
           | Even if you show them that your IT modernization has the
           | potential to save the company millions of dollars a year,
           | they will decline your proposal because "the current system
           | works/no need to upgrade and risk issues".
           | 
           | The literal _only_ way to get banking C-level execs to
           | modernize their 70s era mainframe stacks is regulatory
           | action. Only with the threat of massive government-levied
           | fines or closure of business, they will go ahead with change.
        
           | clairity wrote:
           | > "it is not souless, it guides the entire company..."
           | 
           | once, as a pre-mba product manager at a mid-sized company, i
           | presented a detailed financial projection (using monte carlo
           | on the assumptions/inputs) for a project i was championing
           | that went over the head of the controller (and acting cfo at
           | the time). boy was i disillusioned after that.
           | 
           | finance should never be thought of as guiding a company.
           | that's giving them too much credit and (misguided) influence.
           | rather, it should provide analyses to the executive team to
           | use to make executive decisions, much like the congressional
           | budget office does for congress. it's one of many inputs
           | needed to make executive decisions.
        
             | tibbetts wrote:
             | Finance is like the engineering department in Star Trek.
             | They provide critical resources, and are limited in what
             | they can do by the laws of physics, but they still have to
             | respond to constant demands from executives to somehow make
             | it work anyway. That means they aren't steering the ship,
             | but they are going to interpret guidance from the captain
             | about priorities in ways that make sense to them.
        
               | DocTomoe wrote:
               | Which, incidentally, is the very same challenge IT, or
               | Product Development, or HR face.
               | 
               | Trying to think in silos and making departments fight
               | each others is a faulty approach. If you want to
               | transform business, change has to come from/to be
               | accepted by the top.
        
             | nanis wrote:
             | > i presented a detailed financial projection (using monte
             | carlo on the assumptions/inputs) .. went over the head of
             | the controller (and acting cfo at the time). boy was i
             | disillusioned after that.
             | 
             | In my experience, it is hard to find people in the finance
             | department who understand there are other distributions
             | than Normal. E.g., the time I had to spend trying to
             | convince finance people that the product of two Normals is
             | not necessarily Normal. Or, percentiles of the sum of two
             | Normals do not correspond to the sum of the percentiles
             | etc.
             | 
             | Yet, they do end up guiding the company because money
             | drives everything.
        
               | webmaven wrote:
               | _> Or, percentiles of the sum of two Normals do not
               | correspond to the sum of the percentiles etc._
               | 
               | I once had to spend a day convincing a CFO that
               | consecutive months of ~X% increases of MRR wasn't the
               | same as
               | 
               | ((($MONTHS * X) +1) * MRR)
               | 
               | eg. two months of 10% = +20% increase, 5 months = +50%,
               | etc.
               | 
               | ... which is how his spreadsheet was calculating revenue
               | projections.
               | 
               | How does a CFO not understand compound interest?
        
         | syshum wrote:
         | CFO's makes the worst CEO's for a reason.... This has been true
         | for all of time, if you work for a company that has a CEO that
         | spent their entire career in Finance... RUN
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | > When accounting and controlling are done setting up their
         | cost centers, the most logical place from their view would be
         | to fire all developers and double the sales team, as that's
         | where the money is made.
         | 
         | That's great for long term shorts.
        
           | endymi0n wrote:
           | Well it _is_ a common trick for "making the bride pretty" or
           | for short-term incentivized CEOs:
           | 
           | You know you've got a top notch DevSecOps team for example if
           | everything is smooth, calm and boring -- because most issues
           | are automated away. That's exactly the point when you know
           | you can safely fire that expensive team, because it'll
           | usually take a few years until the automation surplus has
           | been exhausted and then a few more until the starting chaos
           | has propagated into actual outside-visible incidents.
           | 
           | Makes for a great bottom-line at approximately the end of
           | shares vesting.
           | 
           | You didn't get that pro-tip from me.
        
         | avmich wrote:
         | > And that includes the finance department, of which I've
         | certainly seen some of the most stupid ideas.
         | 
         | I've heard some tales about a town in Michigan - let's call it
         | Flint - where water was distributed using some older provider,
         | while some newer company existed which charged less. A newly
         | hired CFO decided, logically, to save some funds by going to
         | the cheaper one. CFO didn't know that pipes in the town were
         | made in the old fashion (lead metal?) and the new company,
         | which used iron pipes, used some chemicals in water which
         | helped to keep pipes clean. This chemical wasn't used by the
         | old water supplier. When flown through old pipes, the chemical
         | caused dissolving the lead into water. By the time the
         | population of Flint switched to bottled water for everything
         | the CFO was long gone with earned bonus for saving money to
         | town.
         | 
         | I wonder what such stories, if true, teach us for the future.
         | Just general mistrust towards financiers doesn't look quite
         | right...
        
           | clairity wrote:
           | > "Just general mistrust towards financiers doesn't look
           | quite right..."
           | 
           | financiers, including startup investors, focus on money above
           | all else, and that alone justifies mistrust (aka skepticism).
           | with that kind of focus, it's inevitable that decisions are
           | made selfishly and greedily. that doesn't mean it's a tool
           | that can't be wielded for generally positive outcomes, but
           | that the deck is (intentionally) stacked against it. beyond
           | that, the flint situation sounds like a real failure of
           | leadership all around (at the very least, basic due
           | diligence/risk analysis). that often happens when decisions
           | are made far removed from the expertise needed to make them.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > I wonder what such stories, if true, teach us for the
           | future.
           | 
           | That if you're looking to maintain [water] quality, you need
           | to have monitoring in place.
           | 
           | Switching to the new provider was a good idea, not a bad
           | idea. There is no way to keep track of everything that might
           | have happened in the past that might be affected by
           | unspecified changes in the future, so there can't be an
           | expectation of doing it either. But you can watch what kind
           | of results you're getting.
        
             | drunkpotato wrote:
             | _Whoosh_
        
             | avmich wrote:
             | You might be right. Or not too much - at least for me, when
             | I heard that story, this particular decision seemed odd -
             | surely such obvious ways to save on expenses were
             | considered before, so why they were rejected? In general,
             | if something seems good on the surface it doesn't
             | necessarily actually is - and in complex systems, like a
             | town, some checklists - I'd expect - should be followed.
             | 
             | But I agree that we might lose track of why some decisions
             | were made. Yes, we may want to revert old decisions,
             | sometimes even have to. Just some responsibility, which
             | comes with power.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | Switching to the new provider was a bad idea, because it is
             | not that hard to find competent civil engineers who could
             | tell you that rather than being a mysterious unquantifiable
             | risk, putting the new chemical in the lead pipes would
             | cause a problem. "Every decision that went badly was a good
             | decision if it seemed good at the time," only holds water
             | when it's not easy to figure out in advance what's going to
             | happen. After all, to a sufficiently ignorant person, 50%
             | of all decisions seem better than average.
        
         | xiezhifeng wrote:
         | Agree, so my best choice is start from value stream. Culture is
         | not specific.
        
         | draw_down wrote:
         | Grow up
        
         | hdvpp wrote:
         | Manage cash flow in a unpredictable ever changing environment
         | for a month and come back and tell us what you think a finance
         | dept does cause from the comment its quite clear you really
         | dont know.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | Perhaps here would be a great place to let a few hundred
           | developers know.
           | 
           | It's worth differentiating between _allocation_ and _flow_ -
           | a million dollar spend can be hard to allocate to Project X,
           | Y or Z. But it is usually simple to see it got spent on
           | Developers, Sales people, rent, hardware licenses etc.
           | 
           | As the film says, if you go up high enough, there is only one
           | man with one budget.
        
             | andrewlgood wrote:
             | And that man/woman is the CEO.
             | 
             | Cash flow is the actual movement of money - paying payroll,
             | paying vendors, receiving cash from clients (not just
             | sending out the invoice). Lack of cash flow is what makes
             | companies go bankrupt.
             | 
             | Allocations are methods to attribute income and/or expenses
             | to groups. It may be something simply such as dividing up
             | an enterprise software license for email by the number of
             | employees and allocating that expense to their department.
             | It can be more difficult / squishy such as how to attribute
             | brand marketing spend to various product lines. Generally,
             | companies use allocations because they are trying to
             | understand the profitability of something (a product,
             | geography, client, etc).
             | 
             | Your example of the million dollar spend is a good one.
             | Very easy to see where the cash flow went (Developers,
             | Sales people, rent, etc) but the important question to
             | assist on future investment decisions is how much should be
             | allocated to Project X vs Y vs Z. One would also need to
             | understand how much cash was generated by Project X, Y, and
             | Z so they can determine the ROI (Return On Investment) for
             | each project. Knowing the ROI is important in making future
             | investment decisions.
        
         | blihp wrote:
         | Computers first came into many companies via the Finance
         | department way back when because they recognized what computers
         | could do as glorified calculators, spreadsheets and accounting
         | systems.[1] IT departments were often an outgrowth of those
         | early systems. The only 'trick' to dealing with finance people
         | is being able to draw a direct line between a proposal and
         | either increased revenue or decreased costs. For solutions that
         | can do that, they are often your best champion short of having
         | the CEO already on board. For solutions that require a leap of
         | faith/vision/creativity, they're probably not the place to
         | start.
         | 
         | [1] Who do you think the numeric keypad on 'full size'
         | keyboards popularized by the IBM PC were for? Accountants.
         | Granted, word processing was the other early use case... that
         | Finance signed the checks for. IBM understood their customer.
        
           | cratermoon wrote:
           | > Computers first came into many companies via the Finance
           | department way back when because they recognized what
           | computers could do as glorified calculators, spreadsheets and
           | accounting systems.[1] IT departments were often an outgrowth
           | of those early systems
           | 
           | And yet, somehow, IT departments ended up getting classified
           | as cost centers by the finance department.
        
             | blihp wrote:
             | If they don't directly contribute to the bottom line,
             | that's how they should be classified from an accounting
             | perspective. There are at least a couple of ways IT
             | departments could avoid that fate: having internal
             | customers pay for their services independent of the cost or
             | directly managing projects that otherwise contribute to the
             | bottom line. It's rare, but it does happen.
        
       | krishvs wrote:
       | Wow - the 4 stages of product development seems quite spot on
       | from my experience working on b2b enterprise software products.
       | 
       | No doubt that the Finance team is generally the most powerful
       | entity in shaping a companies direction both internally as well
       | as in your clients organisation. Finance teams love control, are
       | (mostly) completely risk-averse and change averse. The same can
       | also be said about badly run IT teams.
       | 
       | I have seen product/automation implementations being deployed
       | seamlessly in all departments from operations to procurement but
       | completely fail due to the finance teams. In extreme cases I have
       | seen finance teams have so much power that they even override the
       | CEOs decisions to make implementations fail if they feel that
       | they are loosing control or do not like the new process workflow
       | that the implementation brings in.
       | 
       | For digital transformation projects the implementation team needs
       | to speak the language of finance, operations as well as IT.
       | Otherwise the chances of the implementation really succeeding is
       | close to nil.
        
       | underwater wrote:
       | I worked for a company where capex was cheap and easy and opex
       | was hard to get.
       | 
       | So engineering managers would pitch a project, fund a bunch of
       | consultants, get a massive piece of tech built and then fail to
       | support it. They knew the downsides, and wanted to build long
       | lived teams that built and support and evolve products, but there
       | was too much push back from finance and IT.
       | 
       | I realised that the company would prefer to spend two or three
       | dollars in capex every year than a dollar of opex. This helped me
       | understand how and entire industry of overpaid an underqualified
       | consultants existed.
       | 
       | So my question is, where is that accountability for the finance
       | function? Their controls and constraints caused the company to
       | flush huge amounts of money down the drain, just so their books
       | could have numbers appear in the columns they wanted.
        
         | webmaven wrote:
         | _> I worked for a company where capex was cheap and easy and
         | opex was hard to get._
         | 
         | This is sometimes the same in the public sector.
         | Oversimplifying: capex can be funded with a bond, but opex
         | increases come from taxes.
        
         | catmanjan wrote:
         | Was capex preferred due to preferential tax treatment?
        
           | andrewlgood wrote:
           | No. You actually get better tax treatment for opex as you can
           | record the full amount of the expense immediately as a
           | deduction against your income. Capex spreads the
           | deductibility of the expense over years.
           | 
           | As I mention above, opex vs capex is usually a compensation
           | issue.
        
         | andrewlgood wrote:
         | This is not a Finance function issue. Finance has absolutely no
         | preference between opex and capex. There are accounting rules
         | that determine the appropriate classification and any
         | reasonable CFO simply wants it done correctly.
         | 
         | The opex / capex argument is about compensation. Opex reduces
         | income immediately while capex gets spread out over the
         | projected life of the asset (software, power plant, computer,
         | etc). By shifting items from opex to capex, a company
         | temporarily increases its net income. Increasing net income
         | often leads to higher bonuses.
         | 
         | This is what drives the silly behavior. To make matters worse,
         | once a company goes down this path, it cannot get off as it is
         | usually evaluated on a year-over-year basis.
         | 
         | As for accountability, CFOs of public companies can be found
         | criminally guilty (i.e. go to jail) if they not only commit
         | accounting fraud, but simply do not establish a robust enough
         | control framework to ensure the financial statements are
         | correct.
         | 
         | CFOs are always accountable ultimately to the CEO and sometimes
         | to the Board of Directors. If you think the CEO was unaware the
         | company was spending "two or three dollars in capex every year
         | than a dollar of opex," your either mistaken or you had a
         | clueless CEO.
        
           | underwater wrote:
           | This was an independent, but publicly funded, company. So a
           | combination of cluelessness and perverse incentives.
           | 
           | My snark comes from the fact that in this organisation it was
           | taken for granted that the CFO has a seat at the table
           | because, after all, finance is a thing that grown-ups do.
           | It's serious business. Because they have control of the money
           | they can dictate how the rest of the organisation does their
           | job.
           | 
           | But in reality, they're kneecapping the rest of the company -
           | the part that is actually producing something - so that they
           | can make some imaginary number appear in the right place.
           | They're they ones playing made-up games.
        
             | andrewlgood wrote:
             | It is unfortunate you had such a bad experience. It's even
             | more unfortunate that there a many more such companies out
             | there.
             | 
             | As a CFO, I want to earn a seat at the table where
             | decisions are made. Finance frequently has access to a
             | significant amount of data about the company and if the
             | Finance team does it job well, they turn that into useful
             | information. Bringing key information to the executive team
             | (and entire company at times) to facilitate the decision-
             | making process is one part of how to earn that seat.
             | 
             | Finance does not have all of the information. The
             | Technology (IT/Engineering/Product Dev/etc) team will have
             | a unique perspective. Marketing will have a unique
             | perspective. The People team will have a unique
             | perspective. I think a company with a strong culture
             | figures out how to embrace all of these perspectives and
             | collaborates to develop world class products and services.
             | 
             | Finance does get tasked with evaluating the ROI question -
             | does the proposed investment opportunity create more
             | financial benefit (can be expansively evaluated) than the
             | investment. That should be to ensure a consistent process
             | and is frequently because Finance is viewed as independent
             | from the group requesting the investment.
             | 
             | A good CFO, heck an average CFO, wants to support good
             | investments. It is always more exciting to say 'yes' than
             | 'no' and importantly the company grows by making smart
             | investments. I have never seen a compensation structure for
             | a CFO that provides for increased compensation for always
             | saying 'no.'
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-07-14 23:03 UTC)