[HN Gopher] 'Superager' brains resist the march of time to have ...
___________________________________________________________________
'Superager' brains resist the march of time to have memories like
25-year-olds
Author : lnyan
Score : 219 points
Date : 2021-07-11 03:12 UTC (19 hours ago)
(HTM) web link (www.sciencealert.com)
(TXT) w3m dump (www.sciencealert.com)
| sinenomine wrote:
| Healthy lifestyle and positive attitude are all well and good;
| however, reporters tend to egregiously overstate their efficacy
| in a bid to promote these virtues. In academic research, there is
| a complementary flaw of insufficient controls for genetic
| confounding, which massively inflates the apparent contribution
| of individual choices, drawing attention away from the innate
| causal factors underlying both the outcomes and the capacity to
| effect them [1][2].
|
| One particularly frustrating consequence of this pattern is that
| we are most certainly overlooking and underfunding basic life
| science research that could uncover precise biological mechanisms
| producing positive outcomes, and instead chase after mere
| correlates of their presence.
|
| In this vein, it is sometimes claimed that human longevity is
| only weakly heritable, which leads to excessive hope pinned on
| trivial lifestyle changes. The folly of this is best illustrated
| by the fact that even in this study superagers often neglect
| basic rules of healthy lifestyle: 71% of them even smoke. In
| fact, if we look at longevity in the sample consisting of people
| who already have reached advanced age (thus excluding the noise
| produced by infant mortality etc.), heritability estimate
| increases significantly, the older the sample the greater[3].
|
| >In contrast to the modest heritability estimate for continuous
| age at death (16%), heritability of surviving past 65 years and
| surviving past 85 years was substantial at 36% (p = 4.2 x 10 -10
| ) and 40% (p = 9.0 x 10 -10 ), respectively. Thus, genetic
| effects appear to be greater for survival to more advanced ages.
| In the Framingham Heart Study cohorts, heritability appears to
| increase with each 10-year increment in survived age (65 years,
| 75 years, and 85 years) for men, but not women, again suggesting
| that genetic effects on aging may be more substantial for men
| than women (20).
|
| It is highly likely and in fact supported by growing evidence[4]
| that the pattern observed for longevity holds for cognitive aging
| as well.
|
| In my humble opinion, it is incumbent upon us to focus on
| dissecting relevant heritable differences in biological
| pathways[5][6][7] between the small minority of supercentenarians
| (and, indeed, "superagers") and people with average
| lifespans/healthspans, in order to design sound medical
| treatments which could provide those benefits to the rest of us,
| less genetically endowed.
|
| 1. https://psyarxiv.com/j5x7g/
|
| 2. https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2017-42708-001.pdf
|
| 3. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls089
|
| 4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23586942/
|
| 5. https://www.pnas.org/content/106/8/2700
|
| 6.
| https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2012.0027...
|
| 7. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-006-9020-x
| chadcmulligan wrote:
| I'm close to 60, now around 50 I noticed things were going south
| and I wasn't to happy about it. So I did some research and made
| lifestyle changes - nothing startling, ate well and started an
| exercise program. Now I feel like I'm 40 again.
|
| I have some friends who I've known since high school, now some
| have health issues and its how they respond seems to make a
| difference. Some just take the pills the doctor gives them and
| accept the ageing process and complain about things. Others, like
| myself, fight tooth and nail to do whatever they can. Of course
| you can only fight so much - the genetic hand you're dealt, but,
| I believe your attitude to ageing is really a factor - if you
| accept it, or fight it. Which sort of aligns with the personality
| traits they observed. You're only as old as you feel as the
| saying goes.
|
| I know one lady for example who has had two cancers and was
| forced to use a walker for a while but is going again, whereas
| her husband was showing me all the pills he takes - due to being
| overweight and eating poorly. He has accepted his fate, she has
| fought against it.
| hourislate wrote:
| Isn't it surprising that just eating real food (clean diet),
| not smoking or drinking and walking a little everyday can cut
| all cause mortality like in half, leaving you younger,
| healthier and more mentally engaged. Those changes in lifestyle
| for some is hard work, not everyone is cut out for it. Shame
| they don't think it's worth saving themselves and prefer the
| taste of pills to healthy food. I sort of figure it's Natural
| Selection at play, all these folks who choose to poison
| themselves and embrace chronic illness as something that is
| inevitable will eventually fall out of the Gene pool,
| unfortunately the destruction they cause during and on the way
| out costs all of us an enormous amount of resources.
| JackFr wrote:
| > I sort of figure it's Natural Selection at play, all these
| folks who choose to poison themselves and embrace chronic
| illness as something that is inevitable will eventually fall
| out of the Gene pool, unfortunately the destruction they
| cause during and on the way out costs all of us an enormous
| amount of resources.
|
| That's not how natural selection works. Men over the age of
| 50 father less than %1 of babies, and it's lower than that
| for women. So if a tendency to embrace chronic pathological
| behaviors is genetic, the offspring will be born long before
| the behavior catches up with them. Things get a little more
| complicated because of the inter generational support
| networks. The older generation does support their offspring,
| but at eventually will need support, and take resources from
| the breeding cohort. Which is the only cohort natural
| selection cares about.
| Waterluvian wrote:
| Do you mind attempting to put into words what you mean by
| things going south?
|
| What does that feel like? How could you tell?
| [deleted]
| mordnis wrote:
| I find it weird to say that not taking care of yorself is
| accepting the ageing process. I like to think that doing
| everything you can is the 'normal' behavior.
| nickthemagicman wrote:
| Just turned 40 and things I've noticed as I age are:
|
| I can't pull all nighters anymore. My body literally starts
| shutting down around 2:00 a.m.
|
| My poop is less firm. I have to wipe a lot more.
|
| Muscles take more time to stop being sore.
|
| Other than that that's about it so far.
| nkingsy wrote:
| On the plus side I feel much more sustained focus in work
| and enjoy endurance activities like mountain biking steep
| hills that I used to have to suffer through.
|
| I can practice piano for hours. Working on my bike I'll
| have a hydraulic brake caliper fall apart in my hands in a
| puddle of mineral oil, then just muddle my way through
| until my mistake is fixed. I used to get so frustrated by
| things.
| dominotw wrote:
| Biggest change i noticed is that i now recognize individual
| body parts. rotator cuff, mcl, plantar, upper GI.
| agumonkey wrote:
| can you share your plan details ? I did clean my diet 85% but
| I'm still looking for a PE plan.
| chadcmulligan wrote:
| Like I said, nothing startling. I do studio pilates a couple
| of times a week, if you have aches and pains I really
| recommend this - I don't have back pain anymore because of
| this. I walk everywhere now, I used to drive everywhere, I
| moved inner city near public transport. It seems very
| personal though, I know some people that run a lot, not for
| me, others do gym work or golf. It really depends on what
| bits are hurting I feel. I do think we all need some sort of
| strength training, and the research seems to back that up,
| and Pilates is superb for that. I'd been very sedentary for a
| number of years, and happened to go to someone that had done
| a lot of rehab work, she was great. I tried a few people
| though, so just find one that works for you.
|
| Diet is mainly Mediterranean now - beans, lentils, veggies,
| fish etc. occasional meat, but not much.
| specialist wrote:
| Yes and: Balance exercises.
|
| I was active. Bike commute, some weights, jogging, hiking,
| stretching.
|
| I had to do some physical therapy (before and after
| surgery). Part of their assessment is balance & stability.
|
| I was shocked to learn I had none. Eg I couldn't hold onto
| one foot and balance on the other leg.
|
| Now I recommend everyone starts PT no later than 40 yo. If
| only for assessment and tuning.
| gogopuppygogo wrote:
| My grandfather was a nuclear scientist who worked on the
| Manhattan project. He ate right and exercised daily. He even
| maintained the community parks as a volunteer fixing things
| like tennis courts and fences.
|
| He got Alzheimer's. It dragged out for over a decade killing
| him slowly and hurting everyone who knew him.
|
| My father decided he'd rather have a shorter but more quality
| driven life after that experience. He's overweight, has a great
| outlook on his life, and is a joy to be around.
|
| Not everyone wants longevity.
| anbende wrote:
| Hi, psychologist here. Cognitive decline is not my specialty
| but I've taken doctoral level courses in it.
|
| The problem with the "shorter higher quality life" position
| is that diet, exercise and health affect EVERYTHING. Exercise
| and diet are majorly implicated in both physical health
| decline and onset of dementia and Alzheimer's. In fact,
| maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle is often found to
| be the number one protective factor against cognitive
| decline.
|
| Unfortunately there's no health strategy that reliably
| produces a shorter higher quality life. There's only
| increasing health span through lifestyle.
|
| Note: there are medical choices that increase lifespan but
| not health - medication and surgery that prolong unhealth.
| But that's a whole different game than healthy lifestyle.
| zoomablemind wrote:
| > ...The problem with the "shorter higher quality life"
| position is that diet, exercise and health affect
| EVERYTHING.
|
| I would also include _sleep_ in this list.
|
| With advancing age the amount and quality of sleep seems to
| diminish. Maybe it's individual-specific and dependent on
| the life-style, in any case undersleeping effects eventualy
| catch on and affect the body and mind state.
| samatman wrote:
| I suspect the causality flows (mostly) in the other
| direction for that correlation.
|
| The set of healthy and active elderly people consists only
| of those who _can_ be healthy and active, while the set of
| sedentary / overweight elderly contains both those who
| choose not to be, and those who are kind of stuck with it
| due to chronic illness. Which aren't sharp categorical
| distinctions, mind you, but it virtually guarantees that
| the latter set will have shorter lifespans and worse end of
| life outcomes, even though plenty of nonagenarians are
| overweight (though very few indeed are obese).
|
| I stay in the game for what it brings me now. I can think
| of little so grim as going to the gym with the goal of
| living longer-- but that's my personlity, someone else
| might find it motivating.
| theshadowknows wrote:
| My mother's dad died of stomach cancer, my mothers mom had a
| brain tumor and died of organ failure, my mother was an
| alcoholic and died of liver failure, my father was an
| alcoholic and died from massive organ trauma (he made a
| series of bad decisions in rapid succession), my father's dad
| had multiple heart attacks and died of complications from
| MDS, my father's mother is still alive. There's a history of
| mental illness, cancer, diabetes, and overall poor health on
| both sides of my family....
|
| That said, I'm taking as good care of myself as I can without
| going to the extreme. I don't want to deny my one short,
| brief life the pleasures that are here to be experienced but
| I also don't want to artificially shorten my (already stacked
| against) life.
|
| I have decided however that I won't be dying in pain in some
| hospital if I can at all help it. I've watched it happen.
| I'll either live somewhere that assisted is allowed, or I'll
| FEED MYSELF TO SHARKS...something, anything, other than the
| slow waste of a hospital.
| specialist wrote:
| I've also done some eldercare. I will be dying at home. All
| relations know that under no circumstances will I end up in
| a retirement home, or worse. That's a fate worse than
| death.
|
| I've asked my family doctor to help plan ahead. So that
| it's my decision. Like getting a home euthanasia kit. Or
| whatever.
| nradov wrote:
| All of that advance planning might go out the window if
| you start to suffer from dementia and are judged to be
| mentally incompetent. Those relations could end up
| putting you into an elder care facility because you're
| unable to care for yourself and they don't want to
| facilitate your suicide. Most jurisdictions that allow
| assisted suicide require the patient to be of sound mind.
| monoideism wrote:
| As someone (~50) who has spent much of the past 2 months
| suffering in pain in some hospital, I endorse your
| decision. Several hospital-issued medication issues there
| that set me back.
|
| I'm now at home, where I'm slowly healing just as well. As
| long as I can eat and drink (and failure to be able to do
| that is what sent me to hosp to begin with), I stay here.
|
| I'm going to come out of this more healthy, I'm determined.
|
| If you're younger (or older!), I strongly endorse avoiding
| the pharma industry to the extent possible. The side
| effects will almost aways catch up to you at some point,
| usually during a crisis or other sickness. Work on your
| weak spots "naturally" (eg, if you're anxious, _master_
| meditation and physical workouts). If you're on a chronic
| drug, always carefully re-evalulate risks /benefits at
| least once a year, and find out if there are any new non-
| pharma approaches.
|
| With a very few exceptions, pharma is about temporarily
| soothing symptoms while doing nothing for the underlying
| disease.
| bserge wrote:
| I'd say don't underestimate and write off medication.
|
| You can master the art of balancing medication intake to
| fit your needs.
|
| Sadly, the biggest roadblock in that case is having to
| deal with doctors and pharmacists who just won't give you
| what you need.
| monoideism wrote:
| That's how I felt in my 20s. What's above is my opinion
| in my 50s, after multiple hospitalizations and serious
| chronic illnesses.
|
| Best option of all is to stay fit. Some of mine were out
| of my control (genetics), but some were probably not. And
| the extent to which the genetic ones expressed was
| probably somewhat in my control.
| angrais wrote:
| The challenge with such recommendations is that the
| reader must be able to understand which medicine can be
| safely skipped. I do not believe most people can make
| this choice safely.
|
| For many conditions, such as arthritis, taking daily
| medicine is required and skipping that would decrease
| quality of life dramatically.
|
| However, if you've a sore head then potentially skipping
| some medicine is fine.
|
| >> With a very few exceptions, pharma is about
| temporarily soothing symptoms while doing nothing for the
| underlying disease.
|
| I think you're quite mistaken. Pharma is about improving
| the quality of life and health outcomes for the patient.
| Some diseases cannot be magically fixed with drugs, e.g.,
| Parkinson's, etc.
| [deleted]
| monoideism wrote:
| > such as arthritis
|
| Which arthritis med, exactly? So many have been pulled
| off the shelf by the FDA.
|
| But Levadopa for Parkinson's (which I'm highly likely to
| get if I live long enough), and its newer analogues, may
| be one of the few worth the trade. Grandparents on both
| sides w/Parkinson's.
|
| 99% of the other drugs are not worth the tradeoffs, for
| most people.
| bserge wrote:
| > or I'll FEED MYSELF TO SHARKS
|
| Highly likely that you won't. Standing there, ready to go,
| your survival instinct will go into overdrive and suddenly
| living a bit longer regardless of the pain won't seem so
| bad.
| samatman wrote:
| Yeah no one actually wants to be torn apart by wild
| animals.
|
| I thought that was a completely obvious stand-in for some
| gentler not-medically-assisted suicide but nothing is
| obvious here on Hacker News...
| bserge wrote:
| Oh, I thought it meant suicide by drowning (and becoming
| fish food). Pretty high chance of success... if you can
| take the leap. It's harder than you'd think.
| samatman wrote:
| My 'final resort' would involve a tank of nitrogen fwiw.
|
| No part of my hindbrain is upset by switching breathing
| gasses, and by all reports there is no more pleasant way
| to check out.
| bserge wrote:
| Again, at the last moment, your primitive brain will
| disagree. Better make sure you can't back out heh.
| chadcmulligan wrote:
| Yeah, I was replying to the 'superager' submission and my
| observations in connection. People can do whatever they want,
| particularly when you hit 60 :-).
| scrose wrote:
| If you're interested, you should check out 'Ortho Bionomy - A
| path to self care' by Luann Overmyer. She touches a lot on what
| you were just saying.
|
| Often, people expect to do whatever they want and then go to
| doctors to 'fix' them. It's good for doctors, but not so great
| for you.
|
| I just started getting into some of the self-care routines she
| lists in her book after breaking my foot and having multiple
| doctors recommend surgery to 'fix' things. Instead of going
| down that route, I asked an Ortho-bionomist I know personally
| to help me. In a single session, most of the swelling and limp
| in my foot 'disappeared'. After sticking to the very simple
| routines he suggested and that I read in the book(none
| involving pills or icing it), my foot healed more in a week
| than it did in the 2 months I sat around taking Tylenol and
| just 'waiting' for someone to fix me.
| [deleted]
| spfzero wrote:
| Doctors can't really expect all or even most of their
| patients to take full responsibility for the hard work of
| actually fixing something. They'll recommend the thing that
| will work a little bit for everyone. They can't know that
| you're one of the ones who will put in the extra effort.
|
| At least that's the feeling I got from my GP when he
| diagnosed me with high BP about a decade ago. He prescribed
| some pills, I asked about lifestyle changes and what happens
| when your body adjusts to the pills, can you just stop taking
| them or is there a tolerance, etc.
|
| He said something like "some people exercise, and maybe it
| helps, but just take the pills."
|
| I was willing to do whatever I had to do, because I saw high
| BP as a dysfunction, and wanted to fix whatever the root
| cause was. I don't want to be an unhealthy person taking
| pills to help me live a longer unhealthy life, I wanted to be
| healthy.
| [deleted]
| smeej wrote:
| I've had trouble finding doctors who will even believe me
| when I come in with conclusive test results.
|
| For one condition, I came in with clear lab tests showing I
| had brought all the relevant markers WELL within normal
| range by dietary and lifestyle changes, and my doctor
| insisted I should instead have _increased_ the medication I
| had been able to wean off during the process.
|
| She asked me, "Don't you think if diet and lifestyle change
| worked, we would recommend that to everybody?"
|
| I replied, "Absolutely not. Not a single person in your
| industry benefits if everyone with this condition becomes
| healthy. No medications are needed. No surgeons are needed.
| Your whole career disappears. I think the entire industry
| that trains and forms you depends on people like me staying
| sick. If you can't at least question the incentives in your
| industry with a critical eye, I have no interest in any
| further advice from you."
|
| Suffice it to say she doesn't work for me anymore.
| blindmute wrote:
| I don't know about your condition, but for obesity a lot
| of doctors are not even recommending people to lose
| weight anymore. The data shows that so few people
| actually do it, permanently, that it's not even worth
| bringing up. USA fat people are overall uninterested in
| being thin.
| spfzero wrote:
| >"Don't you think if diet and lifestyle change worked, we
| would recommend that to everybody?"
|
| This is the crux, "worked" means a different thing to a
| health care professional: to them it means when you tell
| 100 people to do it, most of them get better. It has
| nothing to do with root cause or mechanism of disease or
| any of that.
|
| They know if they tell 100 people to make the diet and
| lifestyle changes necessary, only a few will get better
| because most people didn't go through with it. Therefore
| in the doctor's experience it "doesn't work".
|
| Congrats by the way.
| aesclepius wrote:
| > Often, people expect to do whatever they want and then go
| to doctors to 'fix' them. It's good for doctors, but not so
| great for you.
|
| Hackernews doesn't realize they are the 0.000001% of patients
| we see. I'd love for all my patients to make the lifestyle,
| diet and habit changes I recommend in addition to the
| medications I prescribe. The reality is that users here do
| not recognize the privilege they have in terms of money,
| agency and knowledge. The vast majority of people I see are
| barely scraping by and have very little time/effort/privilege
| to make the changes I would like them to undergo.
| 0xcde4c3db wrote:
| My experience has been that doctors don't actually even
| bother to recommend lifestyle change, they just vaguely
| cast aspersions on my lifestyle based on my weight and
| blood pressure, and that's the end of it.
| nradov wrote:
| Many doctors have given up on recommending lifestyle
| changes to patients because compliance is so poor. They
| see it as a waste of time and prefer to focus on
| interventions that seem more effective.
|
| If you want to make lifestyle changes then it might be
| more useful to consult with a dietician, personal
| trainer, or therapist instead of a physician.
| 52-6F-62 wrote:
| I've had both experiences.
|
| Like anything, it's a complex of the doctor's
| personality, personal motivations and their own
| contentment or lack thereof and how it manifests in their
| work.
|
| One of the finest bedside manners and wholistic
| approaches was a doctor I'd had growing up who moved up
| here from Kingston, Jamaica. The life he had led up until
| his career as a GP forced him to maintain a "big picture"
| approach.
|
| One of the worst bedside manners and considerations is a
| doctor who I can't name or point to because he's one of
| rather high standing in Toronto. A truly brilliant
| physician and technologist. Awful manner, poor
| communication. That's compounded in emotional effect as
| it's your life on the line and not theirs.
|
| People are complex and some doctors prioritize their work
| with patients, others prioritize their research, others
| their personal finances and so on.
|
| If possible, it's best just to seek out help and insight
| elsewhere. Sometimes that second opinion doesn't change
| anything, other times it's fundamental.
| [deleted]
| aaronchall wrote:
| What are these simple routines?
| scrose wrote:
| There are many little things that depend on what you're
| trying to address.
|
| In my case, a few of the most helpful things I do now are:
|
| - Focused box breathing for ~5-10 minutes several times
| throughout the day to relieve tension in my body. I find it
| helpful to do this to figure out what I should try and
| address next.
|
| - Walking indoors in different 'patterns' to break my body
| out of the limping pattern it found itself in after my
| injury.
|
| - Walking indoors as normally as possible with an
| increasing cadence. Ie. I'll walk in a straight line
| extremely slowly as normal as possible. If there's no pain,
| I'll turn and walk faster.
|
| - Contrast baths for my foot to properly circulate blood
| flow in my foot and reduce inflammation.
|
| There are plenty of other things, but I think I'd do very
| little justice trying to write things out. I'm still
| essentially just a patient and learning more about this as
| well.
| edge17 wrote:
| What are contrast baths?
| cconroy wrote:
| Probably alternating cold/hot temperatures. Probably best
| to sit in a dry sauna and jump into a cold (very) shower.
| Nothing beats it. You should come out feeling refreshed,
| if not sligthly euphoric.
| plebianRube wrote:
| You'll never guess what #1 is. Click here to find out!
| faeyanpiraat wrote:
| I clicked there but nothing happened.
| dominojab wrote:
| have you subscribed?
| nradov wrote:
| Icing, and cold therapy in general, has now been pretty well
| debunked. People like it because it feels good but if
| anything it probably inhibits healing for most
| musculoskeletal injuries. The book "Good to Go" by Christie
| Aschwanden contains an accessible summary of the current
| research.
|
| https://www.goodtogobook.com/
| nobrains wrote:
| From the other article[1] linked inside this one, the traits that
| they suspect leads to this are:
|
| - optimism
|
| - resilience
|
| - perseverance
|
| - active lifestyles
|
| - engaged lifestyles
|
| - having pursuits (like travel, reading, positive social
| relationships)
|
| [1] https://www.sciencealert.com/less-than-5-superagers-what-
| the...
| jasode wrote:
| _> , the traits that they suspect leads to this are_
|
| No, you can't use the phrase _" leads to this"_. It misinforms
| the reader because that's not exactly what the researchers
| wrote. We need to be super pedantic about this because they
| found _correlations_ of personality traits but did not make the
| leap to say optimism, etc were the causes. For your linked
| article:
|
| _> "The findings suggest that superagers have unique
| personality profiles," Rogalski said, noting that they stood
| out for their optimism, resilience, and perseverance - as well
| as active and engaged lifestyles, marked by pursuits like
| travel, reading, and positive social relationships._
|
| There may be another hidden _confounding variable_ that leads
| to both the optimism and the superager memory performance.
| (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding)
|
| E.g. the same researcher also wrote about rare Von Economo
| neurons (VENs)[1] that exist in higher quantities in the
| elderly that don't have early dementia and Alzheimers. They
| don't know if those rare VENs are _present at birth_. This
| means it could be an candidate confounding variable that causes
| both the optimism /resilience and protection from dementia.
|
| [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5801202/
| [deleted]
| yqx wrote:
| There needn't even be a confounding variable, the direction
| of causation may simply be reversed: not personality traits
| -> superager, but superager -> personality traits.
|
| Sounds quite plausible to me that having a good memory at old
| age leads to a more active and engaged lifestyle leading to
| happy people that appear less neurotic and more extrovert.
| Roritharr wrote:
| These kinds of studies should always come with a trigger
| warning: "Be aware if you are emotionally distressed when your
| belief in the Just-World-Fallacy is threatened."
|
| Joking aside, having grown up relatively poor and feeling
| compelled to put work success above everything else to ensure
| economic stability for my kids these things really do
| negatively shape my expectations for the second half my life.
| Not sure what to do about that.
| graeme wrote:
| > Not sure what to do about that.
|
| Biggest things you can do are the basics:
|
| * Sleep as close to eight hours a night as you can
|
| * Cook healthy food
|
| * Maintain a low waist circumference and maintain muscle mass
|
| * Have some combo of low intensity cardio (walking etc) and
| higher intensity stuff. A 7 min strength training circuit is
| good here
|
| The basics are surprisingly hard, the majority of north
| american adults flunk _all_ of these. From your description
| you may be missing at least the majority.
|
| That's ok, you have a clear priority in your life. The point
| is, examine that list and your own life/work schedule, and
| see if _one_ of those can be improved within your existing
| framework.
|
| Usually this is possible for _one_ of them and they actually
| work together. Improving any of these gives your body its
| best shot at maintaining itself over the long haul despite
| work stress.
| 0xcde4c3db wrote:
| > Maintain a low waist circumference and maintain muscle
| mass
|
| Is there a reliable, proven (i.e. actual science, not
| broscience) way to do both of these at the same time
| without drugs in middle-age or elderly people? I was under
| the impression that this was an unsoved problem because
| many (if not most) people undergo age-related changes that
| cause them to put on fat way more easily than muscle.
| quattrofan wrote:
| Maintain low muscle mass? Er no strength training has many
| benefits including helping to maintain bone mass but also
| losing muscle mass as we age leads to feebleness and all
| the negative consequences of that. That doesn't mean
| pumping iron and taking steroids but just maintaining a
| decent level of strength.
| xphx wrote:
| >> Maintain (a low waist circumference) and (muscle mass)
| mromanuk wrote:
| The ambiguity of natural language, an hypothetical
| natural language future compiler (grammar checker) could
| get all these, Grammarly can't.
| graeme wrote:
| I can see how that was confusing so I changed the wording
| to maintain a low waist circumference and maintain muscle
| mass
| kiba wrote:
| Your advice on sleep should be modified to sleep to as
| close to high quality as you can. Some people are going to
| naturally sleep less and some more.
| jcfrei wrote:
| Some people also have a biphasic sleep pattern rather
| than a monophasic one. For them sleeping 6 hours at night
| and one in the afternoon might be better.
| graeme wrote:
| The gene allowing some people to sleep less is
| exceedingly rare. The vast majority need between 7-8
| hours sleep.
|
| And for most people sleep quality improves as you sleep
| longer. "Sleep only high quality" is not really
| actionable advice unless someone is taking sleeping pills
| or drinking before bed or actively doing something to
| impair sleep quality.
| formerly_proven wrote:
| > actively doing something to impair sleep quality.
|
| Like reading hacker news in the evening.
| hindsightbias wrote:
| We're overcompensating on the cognitive engagement part.
| azhu wrote:
| You have adapted your emotional processing towards the belief
| that work/financial success supersedes all else. This belief,
| and the set of beliefs underneath it, are reasonable, though
| incomplete. Being completely adapted to an incomplete set of
| beliefs is what leads to emotional/existential distress. Just
| add to your belief set and adapt yourself to a more complete
| set of beliefs.
| hereme888 wrote:
| Giving your all for the next generation is inspiring. Minimum
| economic stability is so important, as is being healthy and
| able to enjoy life with others. Don't really know what to
| say, except I hope that over time you're able to stick to the
| known foundations of body and mental health (that I know of):
| good sleep, aerobic exercise, healthy diet, fulfilling
| relationships.
| puchatek wrote:
| I was afraid it was gonna be stuff like that. High stress
| levels are bad for forming memories.
| hereme888 wrote:
| Resisting brain shrinkage: reminds me of a somewhat different but
| related report I heard in the past of a group of nuns who seemed
| to age very well such that their cognitive functions remained
| seemingly strong into old age. They donated their brains to
| research, and upon study significant shrinkage was found similar
| to some degree of Alzheimer's. I think the conclusion was that
| because they kept themselves so active and busy, whatever
| synaptic connections were necessary for their daily functioning
| were kept strong, alongside important life memories. Another
| strong case for how "retirement" is harmful.
|
| Generally, the rate at which memory synapses weakens is similar
| across the general population (stability of a memory synapse), so
| for super-agers it is probably genetic.
|
| I may not have a super-ager brain, but as a lifelong learner and
| brain-health lover I've placed all my significant memories into a
| spaced-repetition program I use for everything, and thus am able
| to recall at will all sorts of important memories in life. I'm
| keeping my important synapses strong.
|
| There's another category besides super-agers: people with
| hyperthymesia: "a condition that leads people to be able to
| remember an abnormally large number of their life experiences in
| vivid detail. It is extraordinarily rare, with only about 60
| people in the world having been diagnosed with the condition as
| of 2021." There's a documentary about these people. You ask them:
| what important event happened in your life on January 7th, 1980,
| and they can answer it accurately.
| fouc wrote:
| I'm curious how do you judge which memories are significant
| enough to put in your spaced-repetition program?
| hereme888 wrote:
| It's usually something that brings up very positive emotions,
| like childhood memories, wedding/honeymoon pictures, me at
| various stages of life, important transition periods, people
| I want to remember well, etc.
|
| For the "negative", I've mostly resorted to journaling in
| ways that help me self-discover and resolve the past, such as
| SelfAuthoring.com exercises that I continually write and re-
| write from time to time (I bought and copied the exercises to
| my local drive).
| mikewarot wrote:
| Spaced repetition program - I think I have had one by accident,
| organizing and tagging all the photos I've taken since 1997. If
| I took a picture of it, I can likely tell you all about the
| events surrounding it.
|
| My wife tells me things we did, and there aren't photos of
| those occasions, so I know I'm not remembering everything.
|
| The photo albums our parents and grandparents had were spaced
| repetition.
| hereme888 wrote:
| That's awesome. Good thoughts. The attention and strength of
| emotions really do affect the strength of memory synapses,
| and you got it so right in that the most common form of
| spaced repetition is something we all experience: recalling
| and thinking about memories, including re-opening photo
| albums.
| kiba wrote:
| London taxi driver has enlarged hippocampus so it isn't
| impossible to make changes that's big enough to have noticeable
| impact on your brain structure.
|
| I haven't seen anything that indicates that is also true for
| episodic memory though.
| jchanimal wrote:
| Which spaced-repetition program?
| hereme888 wrote:
| SuperMemo.
|
| Not advertising it, but I've found it's the best for my needs
| despite the effort it takes to stick to it.
|
| I would liken it to an average computer user making the
| effort to learn and stick to Emacs because they really
| believe it will pay off in the long term. And SuperMemo sure
| has paid off for me.
| morpheos137 wrote:
| How were the individuals' baselines assessed? Some people have
| exceptionally good memories. It would not be suprising if these
| traits often persisted into old age in some of such individuals.
| For example a person with a savant pmemory at 25 might have the
| memory of an average 25 year when at 85. That would not suprise
| me. That said memory is not all that it is cracked up to be. When
| I was young I had an exceptional memory for facts. It hasn't
| helped me too much in adult life due to other psychosocial
| deficits and bad luck and evironment. There are different forms
| of memory. My emotional and autobiographic memory is sometimes so
| bad it is weird. Like many life events don't leave too strong an
| impression.
| barcoder wrote:
| Interesting point that there are different forms of memory. A
| certain smell can take me back to a kindergarten memory.
|
| Music seems to be another form of memory that resists memory
| loss even amongst Alzheimer patients.*
|
| * https://www.dementiauk.org/music-therapy/
| cleanpool wrote:
| Hey man, you didn't have a means of contact in your profile but
| I just wanted to say thank you.
|
| Mods or voters, please let this comment remain unflagged so
| morpheos137 can receive it. I have no other way to reach out to
| him.
|
| You commented to me recently re: self termination plans. You
| told me that I'd be cleaning the gene pool by self-terminating.
|
| Thanks for that. I've done a lot of reflection in the days
| since then. You're right. I have decided to proceed with self-
| termination and remove myself from the gene pool.
|
| Don't feel bad. It's just your view, one that I now fully agree
| with. Thank you again for helping me to make this decision.
|
| Take care, and I hope you procreate widely with your superior,
| healthy genes, ape.
| tgv wrote:
| I don't think there can be a baseline. They would have had to
| scan a couple of hundred people 60 years ago to establish it.
|
| Plus, the results are on a very small group. It's difficult for
| me to imagine that fMRI can reliably show differences. And it's
| also noticeable that they couch the effect in very vague terms:
| "similar pattern", "more youthful". That's a lot of freedom to
| interpret a few so much data.
|
| That they've found a bio-marker sounds implausible to me: all
| they've found is a correlation with a memory task that can't be
| measured without applying that task.
| easygenes wrote:
| Yes, I know a person who is an adept computer scientist and
| well regarded author, yet they are quite frustrated that they
| have such a hard time remembering people by their voice and
| face that only people they are constantly close with are
| familiar.
| nly wrote:
| I can remember technical details from decades ago but often
| forget that I've met people socially just a couple of years
| ago.
|
| Me and my partner just had a discussion this morning where
| she claimed I had met one of her friends, and her friends
| long term partner, in a bar. We apparently spent he whole
| evening together chatting. I remember nothing of this evening
| (and I wasn't drinking).
| sharken wrote:
| I also find that remembering peoples names take some time and
| effort.
|
| On the other hand i am quite good at relating bits of
| information, which is useful for problem solving, e.g. where
| was something similar seen before.
|
| This relation ability also works for words, such as your use
| of "adept". That relates to Battle Chess and then another old
| game called "Archon II: Adept", which is a bit like chess.
|
| Granted, it's not always useful things that come up this way.
|
| https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archon_II:_Adept
| carlsborg wrote:
| Some people have abs and muscle mass well into their 60s and 70s.
| But that's because they go to the gym and train hard everyday.
|
| Maybe it's the same with the brain.
| nradov wrote:
| It's certainly possible for elderly people to maintain a high
| level of fitness through intense training. But some of them are
| heavily geared. I see guys at the gym or at endurance races
| where physique and performance are obviously not natural. And
| I'm not judging them, maybe the tradeoffs are worthwhile?
| kofejnik wrote:
| Steroids
| giantandroids wrote:
| which is exactly what I will do at that age.
| smileysteve wrote:
| There are positive outcomes from creatine and l arginine
| studies; but also some hormone stabilization post 35 too.
| krono wrote:
| Steroids to keep your body strong.
|
| Antidepressants to keep your brain young.
|
| Laxatives to more easily get rid of your fast food dung.
|
| b-Blockers for making sure your blood pressure isn't wrong.
|
| And of course deodorant: fresh as a daisy, even without a
| shower because you were too lazy!
|
| Pharmaceuticals, for when you just can't.
| bserge wrote:
| A hand/chest mounted device to conveniently inject those at
| the right time would be great :D
| bserge wrote:
| Testosterone, yeah. Many say it's much better than wasting
| away for a decade longer.
| ceilingcorner wrote:
| Where can I buy the brain steroids?
| frozenport wrote:
| Same place as the dick pills!
| Yajirobe wrote:
| Get prescribed Adderall
| bserge wrote:
| Good luck with that
| mastrsushi wrote:
| So they'll forever regret going to college?
| giantg2 wrote:
| Is it possible that they were even better when they were younger
| and this is their aging process?
| [deleted]
| dnumjar wrote:
| Cut them up! Cut them up!
| onion2k wrote:
| I don't have one of those. My memory is awful. Fortunately
| though, realising this is what pushed me to get better at writing
| documentation. I write it for my own benefit, and everyone else
| on my team also benefits.
| samus wrote:
| The best time to test your documentation is when onboarding new
| people. Unfortunately, this means that a concerted effort to
| update and expand documentation should be made _before_ new
| people start. Else, they will waste their and the team 's time
| on things that don't require an external perspective to fix.
| dspillett wrote:
| Similar here. Though maybe we _do_ have one of those.
|
| At 42 I have the memory of _me_ at 25. My memory was terrible
| back then too.
| criddell wrote:
| Over the years, I have written in a journal from time-to-
| time. When I go back and read what I have written, I'm
| reminded of all kinds of things I had completely forgotten.
| It makes me wish that I had established a strong habit of
| writing every day or two when I was younger.
|
| I still suck at it though. I haven't written anything since
| the spring.
| 123pie123 wrote:
| >At 42 I have the memory of me at 25. My memory was terrible
| back then too.
|
| Same here, I've always had bad memory, I've learnt to live
| with it better as I've got older.
|
| I always (or mostly) think of my future self for current
| actions, ie I try and predict what I would be thinking in the
| future - eg If I put things down, I choose places where my
| future self would guess to look. same for my documentation or
| actions lists etc..
|
| over time this makes things extremely efficient
| RGamma wrote:
| Did you find out why? Tried mitigation techniques?
|
| My fact memory is working relatively well (passive
| recall/recognition much better than active recall/production)
| but my autobiographical memory is almost non-existent. It's
| really bothering me.
|
| I stopped consumption of disjointed media on social media-
| like feeds (only exception: HN) because that was worsening it
| to no one's surprise. Maybe a full digital detox to the
| extent work allows is in order?
|
| What else could I try?
| wizzwizz4 wrote:
| Writing an autobiography.
| Damogran6 wrote:
| At risk of a slight tangent, I look at the vast majority of the
| documentation I wrote over the first 25-30 years of my career
| and all of it is defunct, and largely unread.
| whatshisface wrote:
| I'm so bad that I write documentation... during coding
| interviews. It's worked so far.
| antisocial wrote:
| Cannot recommend this podcast enough -
| https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2D2CMWXMOVWx7giW1n3LIg
|
| You may find actionable protocols that greatly improve your
| quality of life and prepare you for aging.
| antisocial wrote:
| The Huberman Lab Podcast discusses neuroscience--how our brain
| and its connections with the organs of our body controls our
| perceptions, our behaviors, and our health. The podcast also
| discusses tools for measuring and changing how our nervous
| system works.
|
| Dr. Andrew Huberman is a tenured Professor of Neurobiology and
| Ophthalmology at Stanford University School of Medicine. His
| laboratory studies neural regeneration, neuroplasticity, and
| brain states such as stress, focus, fear, and optimal
| performance. For more than 20 years, Dr. Huberman has
| consistently published original research findings and review
| articles in top-level peer-reviewed journals, including Nature,
| Cell, Neuron, and Current Biology. He is a regular member of
| several National Institutes of Health review panels and a
| Fellow of the McKnight Foundation and the Pew Charitable
| Trusts. Dr. Huberman regularly consults for technology
| development companies, professional athletic organizations, and
| various units of the United States and Canadian Special
| Operations. His bulldog's name is Costello.
| submeta wrote:
| One thing that helps keep the brain fresh: Meeting and talking to
| younger people. And intelligent people. Former'll keep you
| mentally fresh, latter will challenge your thinking.
| jb775 wrote:
| > 71 percent of superagers smoke
|
| Possibly something with how nicotine/tobacco interacts with the
| brain?
| axismundi wrote:
| It works on the acetylcholine system, and is implicated in
| cognitive enhancement.
| danwills wrote:
| Yes! nicotine by itself at normal dosage is a fairly mild
| nootropic (with cognitive 'benefits') similar in ways to
| caffiene or theobromine (in chocolate).. I don't think anyone
| should have to explain why they might use any of these things
| as part of their daily life. (Apologies! I'm just
| automatically defensive about this coz I live in Australia
| where the law is still "a bit slow" (ie still quite
| backwards) regarding nicotine).
|
| Nicotine currently has a very negative reputation globally
| because of humanity's recent past emphatuation with igniting
| and inhaling tobacco smoke, (which certainly can cause lung-
| trouble!) but I think the general stigma is currently too
| strong around nicotine itself.. it's just not that potent
| (psychoactiveness-wise), nor has much if any overdose-
| potential, nor toxicity (compared to other common things
| even!) "So what" if ppl want to ingest it, I say!
|
| And surely no surprise at all to see that people with the
| best-functioning brains in old age were still seeking out
| these nootropic levers! I'd bet they probably also had
| ethanol, tea, coffee, chocolate, etc (etc!) too.. (whichever
| ones worked for them) to keep things interesting!
|
| Maybe consciousness has some kind of self-existence validity-
| check built into it, the output of which fundamentally
| affects the physical outcome, beyond lifestyle, or genes?
| reducesuffering wrote:
| So are you vaping or using nicotine spray purely for
| nootropic reasons?
| steffan wrote:
| Other potential benefits notwithstanding, nicotine is most
| definitely toxic:
|
| https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/96314.htm
|
| https://www.acmt.net/Nicotine.html
| Koshkin wrote:
| > _emphatuation_
|
| Emphatic infatuation?
| yipbub wrote:
| Where'd you find this? The study?
|
| I ctrl+f'ed a bunch of the links and I didn't see the word
| smoke.
| jb775 wrote:
| A reference from the article:
| https://www.sciencealert.com/less-than-5-superagers-what-
| the...
| virgulino wrote:
| https://www.sciencealert.com/less-than-5-superagers-what-
| the...
| RandomThrow321 wrote:
| It's in one of the linked articles. It also mentions alcohol
| consumption.
|
| https://www.sciencealert.com/less-than-5-superagers-what-
| the...
| powerapple wrote:
| That's probably is just the percentage of smokers at their
| time. Smoking is getting less popular now, I remember when I
| was small, many people smoke.
| ip26 wrote:
| While that's an important angle, the highest it ever got in
| the US was ~45%
| meowface wrote:
| Bayes strikes again.
| crooked-v wrote:
| Also see how maps of "X by population" are actually mostly
| just population maps.
| [deleted]
| pizzaknife wrote:
| I have the mentality of a 13yr old, does that count?
| Tade0 wrote:
| My grandfather apparently is such a person. Currently 94 and as
| lucid as he was 25 years ago and with an amazing memory at that,
| which he shows off by reciting poetry he learned in the course of
| the last 85 years or so.
|
| Even if I inherited this trait and lived that long, I doubt I
| would be able to repeat this - he's been very active throughout
| his whole life and neither drinks nor smokes.
| andai wrote:
| The article linked to another one with more detail:
|
| > Superagers are more likely to be extroverts and less likely
| to be neurotic than others, and it looks like their active
| lifestyles aren't necessarily healthy in other ways. In at
| least one study, 71 percent of superagers smoked, while 83
| percent drank alcohol regularly.
|
| https://www.sciencealert.com/less-than-5-superagers-what-the...
| Damogran6 wrote:
| I've had some short term memory issues (I'm 51) that seem to,
| more than not, be attributed to working from home during COVID.
| As we're coming out of it, I see it gradually diminishing with
| the hopes of doing new things, getting out of the house, and
| doing 'a little more now rather than waiting for an eventuality
| that might never happen.'
|
| I think it's a combination of a lack of stimuli, anxiety with
| work (I'm far from alone in our local employment where folks are
| underutilized and 'waiting to proceed', and a rut between the
| bed, the couch and the home office. I was (and am) getting
| exercise, but there needs to be more than that to continue to be
| mentally happy.
|
| I think some of it was a psychological over-attribution to normal
| forgetfulness...people forget things...older people can
| proportionally forget more things...it's not [necessarily] early
| onset dementia, not during a pandemic.
| vsareto wrote:
| Does opening windows help at all? If so, might be the air in
| your home also contributing
| Damogran6 wrote:
| Quite possibly. There were some contributing factors (massive
| change in senior leadership, followed by an immediate re-org
| that stretched out over months where a majority of staff
| didn't know their roles) that make it hard to put my thumb on
| any one contributing factor.
|
| But a small environment, with no long-term goals + the sheer
| terror of a pandemic and unstable government fed by the media
| machine...isn't healthy.
| masterbit wrote:
| As this comes out very late in their life, seems not be able to
| influence the natural selection process in human evolution.
| amitport wrote:
| So, maybe natural selection works like this:
|
| Smarter elders -> more successful tribe (more food, more
| territory, better group-fitness!)
| agumonkey wrote:
| What about emotions ? My brain can function but a great deal of
| it less colorful than 20 somethings, which in the end feels a bit
| moot.
| rootsudo wrote:
| Blood transfusions really do seem more and more viable, if you
| don't mind finding young blood (literally) and doing weekly, or
| monthly transfusions.
| bitwize wrote:
| Oh, sure, because if you hang around here and are any good at
| programming, surely you can afford your own blood boy. Right.
| whatshisface wrote:
| How is this article related to blood transfusions?
| joshuaissac wrote:
| Young blood transfusions are hypothesised to slow down and
| reverse aging of the brain.
|
| https://www.simonsfoundation.org/2020/11/10/searching-for-
| th...
| [deleted]
| breck wrote:
| Anyone know if psychedelics have been tried as a treatment for
| Alzheimer's? Those seem like a fountain of youth, in a way, in
| the brain.
| kortex wrote:
| There's some interesting prospectives if you just search for
| 'psychedelics alzheimers'. Not a lot of direct research
| unfortunately, due to legality/stigma (which fortunately is
| ameliorating in recent years).
|
| However, it's reasonable to believe it can help. Dosing of
| LSD/psilocybin (in rats) in moderation has shown to increase
| synaptogenesis, prospective and retrospective learning, BDNF
| expression (in some regions), and other related effects.
|
| The currently most scientifically supported benefits revolve
| around anxiety and depression. Psychedelics have a robust
| effect against stress, anxiety, depression, and related
| neuroses. We know these neuroses have detrimental effects on
| cognition and life quality. Lowering stress levels in aging
| folks is likely neurobeneficial in general.
|
| https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsyn.2020.0003...
| ipiz0618 wrote:
| I recently watched a video about Martha Argerich [1], one of the
| most virtuosic pianists when she was young, still performing
| entire concertos from memory in her 80s. She had cancer _twice_ ,
| recovered, and remains a top performer in classical music. It's
| amazing how some people could retain so much of their brain's
| function as they age, while others start to degenerate in their
| early 30s.
|
| [1] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYkQleTcck8
| theshadowknows wrote:
| I need to work on my memory and brain health overall because it
| acts sporadically. I can remember my first memory...I was maybe 2
| or 3 and I was playing with blocks on the floor of our living
| room and I thought to myself "have I ever talked before?" and
| then I thought "I should ask mom, but it would be weird to talk
| while also asking if I've ever done it before.."..it's a very
| confusing memory...
|
| But half the time my short term memory is nearly useless so I
| have to write everything down. So much static from my internal
| monologs, constantly talking over each other. It's exhausting
| sometimes. So I just write down everything..what I'm about to do,
| what I was just doing, what I just thought to do next week...all
| goes in the notebook.
| [deleted]
| beautifulfreak wrote:
| Mindcrowd is one organization exploring memory "to advance
| Alzheimer's research". Older participants with high scores on its
| online memory test are sent a blood sample kit for DNA profiling.
| https://mindcrowd.org
| Helmut10001 wrote:
| The sister of my grandmother is like this. Travelled the world,
| stuck in San Francisco at some time, now 97 years old. She is
| connected via tablet, computer, smartphone, and we discuss world
| politics every week. She frequently changes her point of view
| based on new information, which is incredible to me. She is able
| to reflect, question herself and others and it is entirely beyond
| me how her brain can work like this with her age.
| irrational wrote:
| My 98 year old grandmother is still as sharp as a tack. She can
| remember specific dates that things happened nearly a century
| ago. I can barely remember what I did yesterday.
| bryanrasmussen wrote:
| as you age your long term memory tends to stay functioning, it
| is the short term memory formation that has problems.
| dzhiurgis wrote:
| Also prioritisation. Maybe you don't remember yesterday
| because it wasn't important.
| hbogert wrote:
| like 25-year olds? Give me my memory which I had when I was 3-8
| years old, I can still 'taste' the sunshine through green
| sunscreens we had in elementary school. The faces of teachers and
| fellow scholars so vivid.
|
| Anybody else have that experience that once you're 20+, your
| brain is full and only x-amount of stuff is retained per day. I
| sometimes don't remember what I had for dinner the day before,
| but I remember some esoteric option to a one-time used
| application on the commandline from 2 weeks ago. Scary, because
| it makes me look ultra-dumb for everyday stuff which I have to do
| in a normal house-hold.
| ragesh wrote:
| This happens to me, too. At some level, I think it's a function
| of my mind deciding to only retain what's novel and filter out
| the day-to-day noise. Perhaps my dinner from two days ago was
| simply not remarkable enough to remember. But the 8 year old me
| probably found every day to be a new and wondrous experience.
| daniellarusso wrote:
| I kind of think that is your subconscious not needing to put a
| bunch of effort into 'storing' recent meals versus prioritizing
| 'memorizing' tools you have used and how to use them.
|
| I have vivid memories from preschool, but, ask me what happened
| last week, and I will need to check my bash history. j/k
| mlboss wrote:
| What you experienced in your younger days is totally possible
| at anytime of your life. You just need to quite down the
| thinking mind.
|
| Mind has a habit of either ruminating about the past or
| imagining the future. Once you quiet it down the NOW appears
| with all its shininess and vivid colors. Meditation helps a
| lot. I had a realization 10 years back and after it I can
| switch my brain to NOW anytime.
|
| Meditation is a good way to achieve it. I got this ability
| after reading "Power of Now" by Echary Tolle.
| bitwize wrote:
| I have anecdata to suggest that brains are like muscles. If you
| work them, they'll stay in good shape for longer.
|
| Relative #1 started having "senior moments" a while back but then
| he got an engineering contract job. Once he was engaged with his
| life's work again, the "senior moments" went away and he was
| sharp as ever.
|
| Relative #2 retired from work and just started puttering around
| the house, then went into a deep depression and is now in the
| early stages of dementia. Without a "life's work" or even a hobby
| she's passionate about to keep her mind engaged, her memory is in
| gradual but noticeable decline.
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