[HN Gopher] How to build a small town in Texas
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How to build a small town in Texas
        
       Author : haakon
       Score  : 153 points
       Date   : 2021-07-06 17:17 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (wrathofgnon.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (wrathofgnon.substack.com)
        
       | burlesona wrote:
       | This is a nice overview of historic urbanism, but it nearly
       | completely misses the real question:
       | 
       | How will you legally be allowed to build this car-free town?
       | 
       | Even in Texas you can't just build whatever you want wherever you
       | want. Every city and most counties have minimum lot sizes, road,
       | sewer, power, and fire code requirements that would completely
       | defeat any effort to build a medieval european village in the US.
       | 
       | In terms of location, you need to be 5-7 miles away from any
       | existing city to be outside of it's ETJ. Any closer and you're
       | probably going to be subject to the zoning laws of that city.
       | 
       | In theory you could pull this off if you could get a critical
       | mass in an unincorporated area and then incorporate a town so
       | that the new town sets the development laws to allow this pattern
       | of development, but you normally need anywhere from 200 to 2000
       | people to get that started, and until that time the county rules
       | dictate.
       | 
       | One potential hack is to build the town as a condominium complex,
       | so the entire thing is considered one apartment/condo building,
       | even though the design is nothing like a normal apartment/condo.
       | Another is to treat it as a trailer park, but you probably have
       | to do a phase of development where the buildings are small pier-
       | and-beam structures that can pass as "not permanently attached"
       | to the land.
       | 
       | In short: At this point the design principles of historic and
       | modern urbanism are generally well understood and not that
       | interesting. The primary obstacle to these practices being
       | brought back is that they're utterly illegal in North America,
       | and the plausible routes around that illegality make the
       | economics - which would already be challenging - substantially
       | more difficult.
        
       | twobitshifter wrote:
       | I don't know how often new planned towns spring up in Texas but
       | it's still common in Australia. See Ellenbrook as an example
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellenbrook,_Western_Australi...
       | 
       | https://ellenbrook.com.au/
        
         | ianbicking wrote:
         | I sometimes wonder why there's not more people and growth in
         | Northern Australia. It seems like there's a lot of space and
         | resources up there but not many people...
        
         | burlesona wrote:
         | AFAIK The number of new planned towns in the US post 1950 is
         | approximately 0. The closest equivalent is a "Master Planned
         | Community," which is a large-scale suburban development that
         | might include a mix of land uses. Those are relatively common,
         | but they're build as attachments to a larger city, not as new
         | cities.
        
       | asciimov wrote:
       | If the author wants to see the outcome of this kind of
       | development they should read the history of the Llano
       | Estacado[1].
       | 
       | Lubbock and it's surrounding communities built up during the
       | latter half of the 19th Century, with the small communities
       | forming as the farmers and ranchers needed them.
       | 
       | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llano_Estacado
        
         | q_andrew wrote:
         | This is funny because modern Lubbock is an exact antithesis of
         | what the article praises as good city planning.
        
           | asciimov wrote:
           | Turns out vehicles are pretty important when you live in
           | rural communities and don't have access to public
           | transportation.
        
       | fred_is_fred wrote:
       | Has this person ever been to Texas? Texas is not a monoclimate,
       | but if he's proposing that all the land is parched then he's
       | thinking west Texas. Where is all his fireplace wood coming from
       | - there are very few trees there. How does he expect people to
       | live there without A/C? How will these rooftop gardens survive
       | the near constant and drying winds? As someone who has been to
       | Amarillo more times than I wanted to, I don't think this is in
       | any way realistic. If instead we assume this town is say within
       | an hour of Houston - there are different concerns, but being
       | perpetually parched is not on of them.
        
         | dharbin wrote:
         | He's planning for Wifi, but not A/C. Best of luck to this
         | fellow, but I'm not sure his priorities align with most folks
         | in this part of the country.
        
         | bradstewart wrote:
         | He doesn't say "live there without A/C". He advocates for
         | designs not being dependent upon it--a big difference.
         | 
         | "All buildings must be useful and livable even with the power
         | cut. Hence, natural ventilation, strategically designed windows
         | that open, etc. is necessary. Obviously you can add AC (Air
         | conditioner) on top of that, but in no way should the town be
         | dependent on AC."
        
           | freeone3000 wrote:
           | Only way for the town to not be dependent on AC is to stick
           | it somewhere other than Texas.
        
             | davidw wrote:
             | People lived in Texas before there was AC.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | And people lived in Texas (though far fewer) before there
               | was indoor plumbing too.
        
           | MisterBastahrd wrote:
           | When it's 105 degrees out with the power cut, nobody is going
           | to be indoors for an extended period of time because stagnant
           | hot air is more miserable than moving hot air.
        
             | bradstewart wrote:
             | Which, to me, is exactly his point--design the buildings
             | with natural air flow so you don't suffocate when the power
             | goes out.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" All homes will be equipped with fireplaces, wood stoves and
       | chimneys."_
       | 
       | In West Texas? Which has no trees? "Sustainable", right.
       | 
       | What this guy is missing is that small towns were originally
       | service centers for surrounding farms. When 60% of the population
       | worked in agriculture, towns were needed as distribution points
       | for goods and services. With under 2% of the US population
       | working in agriculture, that function is gone. Plus, between
       | WalMart and Amazon, distribution no longer requires a town.
        
         | floren wrote:
         | I think there's an underlying assumption that maybe, some
         | people would like to work on a farm, and to buy things which
         | don't come from Walmart or Amazon. The economics of all that,
         | plus the realities of farm work which are not immediately
         | apparent to your average computer programmer, are a separate
         | issue.
        
         | ianbicking wrote:
         | And wood smoke is toxic! Wood is a terrible fuel, its only
         | benefit is nostalgia and the appeal to pastoralists.
        
       | oftenwrong wrote:
       | This reminds me of another, similar blog post:
       | 
       |  _Let 's Build A Traditional City (And Make A Profit)_ (2013)
       | 
       | https://www.andrewalexanderprice.com/blog20130330.php
       | 
       | ...which was also discussed on the HN front page:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8111406
       | 
       | There is also a sequel post:
       | 
       |  _Let 's Build A Village From A Parking Lot_ (2015)
       | 
       | https://www.andrewalexanderprice.com/blog20151203.php
        
         | burlesona wrote:
         | Andrew Price is a really nice guy. I love his blog.
        
       | asciimov wrote:
       | As a Texan, who has spent a good chuck of their life in the
       | Panhandle and west Texas:
       | 
       | So far I have only made it through half of this, but it is clear
       | this person has not ever spent any amount of time on a farm or a
       | ranch or in any part of Texas (west or not).
       | 
       | Food production is smelly and dirty. You don't want to live
       | upwind of a gin or feed lot. In west Texas you don't build high
       | because of wind. For such an arid place they sure are banking on
       | having access to a shit ton of water.
       | 
       | There is a huge aquifer that most of the places out on the High
       | Plains of Texas pump from. It's use is contentious, but your not
       | going to be surviving off of a 3 acre playa lake.
        
         | huitzitziltzin wrote:
         | I agree with you.
         | 
         | Upon reaching the following line, I laughed out loud. This is
         | utopian social planning at its least realistic:
         | 
         | "There will be an urge to build each home optimized for air
         | conditioning. Don't. All buildings must be useful and livable
         | even with the power cut. Hence, natural ventilation,
         | strategically designed windows that open, etc. is necessary.
         | Obviously you can add AC (Air conditioner) on top of that, but
         | in no way should the town be dependent on AC."
         | 
         | Anyone who has never been to West Texas should check the
         | weather today in some subset of {Amarillo, Lubbock, Midland,
         | Pecos, San Angelo, El Paso, Alpine}. (Some are nice and some
         | are not!) If you can work inside all day with your house that
         | temperature... good for you, but I cannot. And nearly every
         | house in all of those places is air conditioned.
         | 
         | Better yet! Visit the Great State of Texas and take a walk of
         | three blocks or more outside in a city during the heat of the
         | day in June, July or August and report back on how much you
         | liked it...
        
           | asciimov wrote:
           | I know of a few people that live in dugouts in west texas.
           | 
           | One of them has had the property in their family for
           | generations. They say that it stays relatively cool during
           | the summertime and warm in the winter.
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | I'm in Austin and I one of the reasons public transportation
           | struggles is that for several months every year, it's too hot
           | to even sit at a bus stop, let alone walk to or from one
           | unless you have a shower available at your destination.
        
       | lastofthemojito wrote:
       | How to make cheap West Texas land worth even less: Build homes on
       | it, but don't include garages or driveways; instead tell
       | prospective buyers that they need to keep their pickup trucks
       | outside of town.
       | 
       | EDIT (as I feel I was overly snarky): I don't think there's
       | anything wrong with thought experiments like this, and I've
       | wondered to myself what a brand-new city or town might look like.
       | I do think the no-car thing would be an incredibly hard sell in
       | rural Texas though. The reality is that most modern towns aren't
       | self-sufficient. Maybe there's a dentist, or maybe you have to
       | drive to the next town over for one. Maybe there's a used
       | sporting goods store, or maybe you have to drive an hour to one
       | when the kids grow out of their cleats, etc. I think something
       | like this would stand a better chance if it were right outside of
       | a city. Maybe an old farm in what is now the suburbs - you could
       | build a dense, walkable town that also connects to the big city
       | via mass transit.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | A 600 person town isn't remotely self-sufficient in the modern
         | developed world. You could in principle build something
         | walkable that, given sufficiently pleasant surroundings, some
         | people would be willing to trade against walking to do most of
         | their errands or hopping in a car to go anywhere.
         | 
         | But you'd need the public transit links and I'm guessing many
         | would still want to own a car on the outskirts (as in a
         | college/corporate campus) and provide access of some sort for
         | the disabled, etc.
        
         | defen wrote:
         | > Maybe there's a dentist, or maybe you have to drive to the
         | next town over for one.
         | 
         | As part of the plan he specifically says "save an excellent
         | spot in the town center to offer at low cost to whomever
         | decides to practice dentistry there"
        
           | lastofthemojito wrote:
           | Yep, that's why I included the dentist example. So maybe, if
           | the town actually succeeds in attracting and retaining a
           | dentist, people don't need to leave town for that service.
           | But there are many other services people want or need, some
           | of which won't be available locally. It's a big world out
           | there, but cars have made it so much smaller. I'd imagine
           | people in this town would still be constantly hopping in
           | their cars to run to Costco, go on dates, take grandma to
           | chemo, etc.
           | 
           | There's a reason most car-less Americans live in NYC, DC, SF,
           | etc. You can get everything you need there without a car.
           | Small-town America does not offer the same and I doubt this
           | idea would change that.
        
       | taurath wrote:
       | > There will be an urge to build each home optimized for air
       | conditioning. Don't.
       | 
       | In Texas. Everything sounded somewhat reasonable up to this'd
       | topography non withstanding. Why not make sure to build near
       | caves to store ice from the winter.
       | 
       | And then it gets into batkeeping and eating pidgeons. When does a
       | modern sustainable town end and a medieval fantasy begin.
        
         | jdavis703 wrote:
         | While Virginia is not Texas, it gets really hot and muggy in
         | the summer. I lived there with no AC. On hot nights we'd sleep
         | in the basement. It's definitely possible to make it in the
         | south without AC.
        
       | honksillet wrote:
       | While this is an interesting exercise, it feels amateurish. Urban
       | development is not a new field. Starting from a blank slate is a
       | phenomenal opportunity but don't try to reinvent the wheel.
       | 
       | Also, Texas is a big place. It spans multiple climate zones. The
       | author seems to be describing West Texas but other parts of the
       | state are completely different.
       | 
       | My advice * It's hot! (And often very very humid depending on
       | local. ) You need AC. * The worst part of Texas towns are 4 lane
       | highways bisecting most of them. Avoid that... * But you still
       | have to plan to allow people to use cars. That has to be
       | incorporated into the design. As does pedestrian and cycling
       | life. All need to be facilitated to some degree. * Sidewalks,
       | please. I've lived in FL, OR and now TX in the past 5 years. Far
       | to many residential streets in all these places completely lack
       | sidewalks. It makes taking an evening stroll with the family
       | stressful when you are sharing the space with cars. * Parks.
       | Can't have enough of them.
        
         | ardit33 wrote:
         | He is not re-inventing the wheel, he doesn't have in mind what
         | you are describing. The author is describing a typical european
         | town, that you see in germany, italy, or england, (most were
         | build during medieval times).
         | 
         | You just described a typical suburban 'smart development',
         | which is not dense at all by european standards, and really it
         | is just like a typical strip mall area eveloved a bit, but
         | still way behind.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | hooplah wrote:
           | He is, there's plenty of small towns in Texas inspired by
           | what you see in Germany, the author just hasn't visited them.
           | Texas has a massive Irish, Czech and German populations and
           | culture. Dublin, TX is one of many examples (pop. 3,654).
           | Like pretty much all Texas small towns it has a downtown you
           | can walk end to end within 15 minutes. One main street going
           | through it. Local coop and most things you need. What did I
           | miss?
           | 
           | Fredericksburg & New Braunfels have major German culture and
           | German buildings from the 1800s, but they are larger cities
           | now as they have expanded, but the downtown areas reflect
           | what you guys want, but ya' know, connected to the world via
           | roads.
           | 
           | Most of Texas small towns have co-ops, communities of 3000
           | give or take, and it's all walkable and drivable (usually one
           | road going through them linking towns via backroads)
           | 
           | Usually they are pretty self sufficient because they are
           | isolated, but you still need roads to connect the outer farms
           | and other towns for supplies to reach downtown, and when you
           | want to travel to bigger cities for larger hospitals,
           | cinemas, , family, clubs, etc. In West Texas you need it
           | especially because good luck growing anything there.
           | 
           | This author is just ignoring existing culture and trying to
           | apply direct European culture ignoring the fact that
           | immigrants from those cultures have already merged and
           | influenced small towns across Texas.
           | 
           | My advice, take a road trip through the backroads that
           | connect Texas, you'll get a large dose of many cultures, nice
           | people, great food, and massive highschool football games for
           | entertainment on Friday nights.
        
         | Nydhal wrote:
         | "You need AC", "You need cars" ... I lived for 4+ years in
         | Phoenix, Arizona and I tell you that humans can live without
         | those two things with the right design. We're way too far into
         | the modern way of thinking that we almost take these things for
         | a given ... It's a huge blindspot. I grew plants here in the
         | desert, I lived without AC, I never had a car and all of this
         | when everything around me has been designed in what I think is
         | the worst way possible ... People think in linear terms but
         | forget that managing heat for example should be approached
         | holistically as different element will augment each other ...
         | etc. It can be done with low tech and there is research to back
         | this up (look up "urban heat ASU").
        
           | breischl wrote:
           | >managing heat for example should be approached holistically
           | 
           | Agreed. Also behaviorally. So many people would tell me I was
           | crazy for living without A/C while they were standing in
           | their house with the blinds open, windows closed, dishwasher
           | and stove on in the middle of the day. If you make your home
           | into a greenhouse with a heater in the middle, yeah it's
           | gonna be hot - maybe don't do that.
           | 
           | But I think my last phrase is the issue. People really hate
           | having to not do what they want, when they want. Like not
           | cooking or whatever until the cool part of the day, when the
           | heat can be managed by ventilation.
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | My house is well insulated, I keep the blinds on sun-facing
             | windows closed during the day; I have 12' ceiling in my
             | living room and I'm smart enough to not run the dishwasher
             | or dryer during the day. The refrigerator I can't do
             | anything about. However, I'm not crazy enough to think I
             | can live without A/C in a Minnesota summer.
        
       | JabavuAdams wrote:
       | Very interesting article! The biggest problem I foresee is that
       | all of this requires cooperation, community spirit, and a
       | dialing-down of libertarian-fundamentalism. I don't think a
       | heterogeneous group of Americans can cooperate like this anymore,
       | though I'd like to be proved wrong.
        
       | eschulz wrote:
       | I can't help but imagine that Tournai and other towns during the
       | late Middle Ages or early Renaissance years smelled of human
       | waste, but I appreciate the lofty goal of filling modern
       | communities with fresh air.
        
       | TheBill wrote:
       | Reminds me of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culdesac_Tempe Which
       | seems to be making headway in getting built according to twitter.
       | Ironically may drive out there this summer & check it out.
        
       | helen___keller wrote:
       | I'm very invested in urbanist discourse (which is to say, all
       | things that lend themselves to less cars and more people doing
       | more walking/biking/transit). That said, the fantasy of building
       | a human-scale town from scratch is, unfortunately, a fantasy.
       | 
       | The author is half correct in saying that we've forgotten how to
       | build towns. It's better to say, the creation of new towns have
       | become economically obsolete. Their niche is gone. Historically,
       | towns formed organically around sources of value, such as
       | farmland or rivers or mines or whatever, where many people making
       | a living in the same region benefited from being in walking
       | proximity, which enabled commerce. That concern just doesn't
       | exist today, due to cars.
       | 
       | You don't need a town with an inn when the truckers stay at
       | motels and rest stops. You don't need a town square when people
       | shop at the big box store on the highway and local producers are
       | part of a complex global supply chain.
        
         | thebradbain wrote:
         | I would argue that, for better or worse, Marfa, TX in West
         | Texas is a real manifestation of this essay. It's only a town
         | of about 5000, completely walkable, and homes that were selling
         | for $20k before news got out that it was a secret artist
         | enclave just 10 years ago are now going for north of $1 million
         | (even more eye popping when the median single family home price
         | in the most expensive metro areas of the state, Austin and
         | Dallas, are around $500k). Outside the town is farmland and oil
         | fields. Inside the town is a collection of bars, restaurants,
         | hotels, museums, and high art, all from a once-dying/repurposed
         | small town on a defunct train line.
         | 
         | "A desirable place to live / visit" is its own economic engine.
         | See (also mentioned in that article) Seaside, Florida.
         | 
         | https://www.themanual.com/culture/marfa-texas/
         | 
         | https://www.npr.org/2012/08/02/156980469/marfa-texas-an-unli...
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | Marfa is a really weird and unique place. It was originally
           | famous for UFO sightings and then somehow became that artists
           | enclave and achieved some sort of cult status to the point
           | that it was a prevalent pre-tinder dating app meme for women
           | to have pictures in front of the fake Prada storefront art
           | installation there. That made it a really hip place for
           | anyone who knew it, and yeah, eventually word got out and now
           | it's super expensive.
           | 
           | But I don't see how that is repeatable. Trying to build a new
           | town from scratch can't realistically have the plan of UFO
           | sightings and cult-status house-size art installations to get
           | people to want to live there.
        
             | pram wrote:
             | Not UFO sightings, the main tourist trap was the Marfa
             | lights. That was the primary draw in the 80s/90s
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marfa_lights
        
           | helen___keller wrote:
           | There are plenty of small towns that can be managed and
           | organized according to the principles of the article, and
           | personally I think it's a great idea. I'm referring more to
           | the idea of _building_ a small town, presumably starting from
           | scratch, as if you were playing Sim City or Cities: Skylines.
           | 
           | I've never heard of Marfa but wikipedia suggests it was
           | originally built around the 1880s as a Railroad Water Stop.
           | The analogue today would be a "town" around a highway rest
           | stop, which is generally not going to be built at human scale
           | or with pre-war zoning and architecture.
           | 
           | > "A desirable place to live / visit" is its own economic
           | engine
           | 
           | Absolutely. The major issue here is that if you're building a
           | small town from scratch, it's not a desirable place to live /
           | visit until it is built. And it's not "built" until you have
           | several hundred people, at least, living there. But those
           | people aren't going to want to build houses and live there if
           | it's not a desirable place to live. It's a chicken-and-egg
           | problem.
        
           | rmah wrote:
           | The only reason the houses could possibly cost that much is
           | if the town is restricting new construction. I.e. the old
           | guard is _making_ real estate there expensive.
        
           | qdog wrote:
           | Marfa is in the middle of nowhere, the jobs seem to be of the
           | landscaper/service industry type unless you are arriving with
           | money from somewhere else.
           | 
           | Sounds more like a touristy set of rich estates at this
           | point, I expect the laborers live in the surrounding area and
           | drive into town just like a large city. I did some labor
           | during HS and in the summer it was driving 20-40 miles from
           | our small town in nowhere Texas for the jobs we did.
           | 
           | During the early 80's oil boom there were several small towns
           | in Texas that kinda looked like OP's model, but once the boom
           | went to bust they started dying and never recovered. Probably
           | around the Austin area in the 60's a lot of places looked
           | more idyllic (there were no stoplights between downtown
           | Austin and I think Lampasas at that point), but it's all
           | sprawled out and become a Metropolis at this point.
           | 
           | Not clear that any sufficiently attractive area would not end
           | up being encompassed in suburbia or a high-end enclave
           | (Westlake by Austin comes to mind).
        
             | thebradbain wrote:
             | Eh, I don't know about that re: Marfa demographics. There's
             | certainly been tension about property values forcing some
             | out of town -- but the town is still majority Hispanic
             | (67%) and the median household income is $39k. It's got
             | attractiveness to tourists driving up property values, but
             | it is very much still a real town with real people.
             | 
             | https://datausa.io/profile/geo/marfa-tx/
        
               | qdog wrote:
               | I mean the people paying $150,000 for a lot in Marfa
               | (looking at listing on Zillow) are probably not locals
               | from those $39k income households. Perversely, the way
               | property taxes in Texas work, this likely means that
               | anyone under 65 is watching the property taxes climb
               | faster than their income, increasing pressure to sell and
               | move to a cheaper property.
               | 
               | It's a real town, but the service folks are largely
               | priced out at this point (although I'd expect this real
               | estate bubble might not last as there might not be that
               | many people willing to buy at Austin prices in Marfa).
        
           | pram wrote:
           | Marfa is hilarious to me. I'm from west Texas and I've driven
           | highway 90 dozens of times, there is literally nothing out
           | there. A complete wasteland. It's painfully boring. I don't
           | believe anyone buying these properties are living there year
           | round.
           | 
           | Alpine is a much more scenic town and it's just up the road.
           | I'd probably buy a house there instead.
        
             | qdog wrote:
             | Yeah, just the idea of getting to Marfa hurts me to think
             | about. Made the drive from El Paso to Austin a few times,
             | can't imagine regularly visiting that area for pleasure or
             | wanting to live there.
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | So... a secretive group of artists could build a town, live
           | there 'til the word gets out, sell at 10x the price, and move
           | on to the next secret location? This sounds like a fun way to
           | live.
        
             | closeparen wrote:
             | Substitute "move into a dead urban neighborhood" for "build
             | a town" and you have the gentrification cycle everyone's
             | been talking about for decades.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | Right. If you build a new art-town, it's not
               | gentrification.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Marfa isn't valuable because of a secretive bunch of
             | artists, it is valuable because it has been exporting real
             | estate appreciation from Manhattan for over fifty years.
             | Judd, the artist who brought all the wealth to Marfa,
             | bought the building at 101 Spring Street for nothing and
             | throughout his life borrowed against its value to acquire
             | property in Texas. Today the building is worth at least
             | $100 million.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Marfa is the same population as advised in this article but
           | it's ten times larger.
           | 
           | There are plenty of recent examples of development on the
           | scale that this article suggests. The area just to the west
           | of Warm Springs BART station in Fremont, California is 90
           | acres. The New Urbanist polestar of Hercules, California is
           | about 150 acres.
        
             | thebradbain wrote:
             | It's true that it's legal geographic size is ~1.5 square
             | miles. However if you look at Google Maps a good 30% of it
             | is just empty/undeveloped land previously (still?) owned by
             | the military.
             | 
             | So yes, it's still bigger geographically, but it still only
             | takes 15-20 minutes to walk from one end to the other; I've
             | visited a few times. I'm not very familiar with either
             | location you mentioned, but I would say for Marfa to be 3
             | hours away from the next-largest town (El Paso), have no
             | commercial airport or passenger train line, and still be a
             | self-sustaining walkable town is impressive.
             | 
             | I'm possibly mistaken, but the first example you pointed
             | out looks to be an apartment complex next to a train
             | station within a larger city and Hercules, CA is a 20
             | square mile (maybe I'm looking at the wrong city?) suburb
             | of SF; I don't think those are examples of what this
             | article is saying?
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | The New Urbanist part of Hercules is very small and easy
               | to overlook. It does not hit every point that the article
               | mentions, but it is an example of some of them.
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/@38.0160237,-122.2779782,3a,7
               | 5y,...
        
           | pryelluw wrote:
           | I decided to browse available properties and it's ridiculous:
           | https://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-
           | detail/307-S-Dean...
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | 0.5 baths???
        
               | zinckiwi wrote:
               | You clean your top half, then flip around and clean your
               | bottom half.
        
             | SavantIdiot wrote:
             | Clearly that is for the half-acre lot, but still, I bet
             | those bricks are probably worth more than the house.
             | Reclaimed clay bricks are a thing:
             | 
             | https://www.reclaimedbrick.com/
        
               | thebradbain wrote:
               | Lot size is funny in Texas -- not even 2 miles away from
               | that listing you can get 5 acres for less. Of course,
               | then you're not "in the town"
               | 
               | https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/Antelope-Hills-
               | Rd-40-Marf...
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | zip1234 wrote:
         | I take this more as a thought experiment on how building a town
         | without the primary nuisances of 'modern' places. Cars have
         | enabled many things but they are not unequivocally good. I
         | understand the positives, but they produce a LOT of negative
         | externalities and there is significant cost to spacing things
         | further apart.
        
           | helen___keller wrote:
           | > Cars have enabled many things but they are not
           | unequivocally good. I understand the positives, but they
           | produce a LOT of negative externalities and there is
           | significant cost to spacing things further apart.
           | 
           | Believe me, you're preaching to the choir here. My comment is
           | really just to offer a counterpoint to the justifiable desire
           | to create a "new world" without the troubles of the old one -
           | most people aren't shopping for new lives, so these sorts of
           | plans don't emerge organically in the way that towns did
           | originally. And when "start over" towns built around some
           | ideological principle do arise, they often fail comically[0].
           | 
           | [0] A fun read https://www.vox.com/policy-and-
           | politics/21534416/free-state-...
        
             | zip1234 wrote:
             | That was indeed an interesting read. To be fair that sounds
             | more anarchist/hippy commune than what the article today
             | was about.
        
               | helen___keller wrote:
               | > To be fair that sounds more anarchist/hippy commune
               | than what the article today was about
               | 
               | To be more precise, Grafton was an attempt to "create" a
               | new town governed by the ideas of Libertarianism, while
               | the OP article is describing how to create a new town
               | governed by the ideas of New Urbanism (roughly). The
               | shared problem is that if you're founding a town on the
               | basis of an ideology, you have a town full of ideologues,
               | which isn't a very organic state and hence is prone to
               | many unexpected issues
        
             | nyanpasu64 wrote:
             | > What they needed was a town that was small enough that
             | they could come up and elbow the existing citizenry,
             | someplace where land was cheap, where they could come in
             | and buy up a bunch of land and kind of host their incoming
             | colonists. And they wanted a place that had no zoning,
             | because they wanted to be able to live in nontraditional
             | housing situations and not have to go through the
             | rigamarole of building or buying expensive homes or
             | preexisting homes.
             | 
             | Is this the kind of bad scenario that NIMBY activists
             | organize to prevent (despite the issues created _by_ their
             | zoning policies not letting people move in)?
        
         | mulcahey wrote:
         | "College Towns" are about the only non-obselete instance I can
         | think of ... at least until college itself is considered
         | obsolete by/for enough people.
        
           | 7thaccount wrote:
           | I really miss Ruston LA for this. Small town, but a lot on
           | campus and enough within walking distance. Pretty safe.
           | Pretty campus for Louisiana and it's actually walkable unlike
           | LSU, which is an absolute nightmare.
        
           | handmodel wrote:
           | The other example is towns on lakes/oceans by some tourist
           | attraction. You need a variety of people to work all the
           | hotels/rentals/building etc. Like college towns - you also
           | have a good percent of people who can pay a lot in taxes +
           | consume a lot of services to benefit the whole towns.
           | 
           | I think as income has become more concentrated in certain
           | industries it hurts. Even if your agricultural town had very
           | little poor people - if is has virtually no one making about
           | 70k then it is going to be tricky to build and maintain.
        
           | andrewnicolalde wrote:
           | Could that be because not as many people have cars?
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | There are still plenty of cars around college campuses and
             | parking is a perpetual issue. Certainly faculty and staff
             | (and some students) drive in and park daily. And even a
             | town built around a relatively small college like Hanover
             | NH still has a population of over 10K people.
             | 
             | ADDED: But, as others have noted, once you drive somewhere
             | at least relatively close to where you're going, at least
             | small to mid-sized campuses and associated towns are
             | generally designed to let you walk to
             | stores/restaurants/etc. fairly easily.
        
             | simpixelated wrote:
             | That's probably part of it, but I think the root is that a
             | college campus is designed for people to use it without
             | cars. Food, stores, classrooms, places to sit and meet are
             | all built in and connected via walkways. Cars become
             | unnecessary once you get to campus
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | That's likely a consideration, as are the concentrated
             | sources of value that are classrooms and labs with face-to-
             | face instruction, as well as interaction (both social and
             | educational) among students. Online education is reducing
             | the edge of the former, though the latter is still hard to
             | replicate outside of a college town.
        
             | dredmorbius wrote:
             | A college campus is its own sustainable self-perpetuating
             | institution. Or at least has been for much of the past
             | century in the US (and elsewhere) as 1) an increasingly
             | technological world has increased the need for an educated
             | populace and 2) funding for college education has been
             | readily available.
             | 
             | You've _also_ got a town structure which is based on a
             | single identifiable economic centre, which _doesn 't_
             | generally rely on heavy industry or ag within that centre
             | (information, knowledge, and people, as well as the support
             | strucutures for them), and so your principle transportation
             | problem is how to move a fair-to-middlin' mostly younger
             | and healthier population around. Bikes and walking fit this
             | mode well, the small population of elderly and disabled can
             | be accomodated as edge cases.
             | 
             | Keep in mind that in many small college towns, there's
             | _still_ a sizable commuter population. Some of that are
             | students priced out of local housing, though the workforce
             | is a much larger component, and may have commute patterns
             | comparable to that of a large city (driving in from an hour
             | or more away). The centralised nature of employment makes
             | even rural mass transit or commuter shuttles viable.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Disney built a human-scale "town" from scratch as Celebration,
         | Florida. Some people seem to like it. The basic formula could
         | probably be repeated elsewhere.
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | Another is Seaside Florida.
           | 
           |  _Seaside is an unincorporated master-planned community on
           | the Florida Panhandle in Walton County, between Panama City
           | Beach and Destin.[2] One of the first communities in America
           | designed on the principles of New Urbanism, the town has
           | become the topic of slide lectures in architectural schools
           | and in housing-industry magazines, and is visited by design
           | professionals from all over the United States. The town rose
           | to global fame as being the main filming location of the
           | movie The Truman Show. On April 18, 2012, the American
           | Institute of Architects 's Florida Chapter placed the
           | community on its list of Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100
           | Places as the Seaside - New Urbanism Township._
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaside%2C_Florida
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Truman_Show
        
             | taurath wrote:
             | Strangest bit of trivia is that the Truman Show was filmed
             | there, and the house that the titular character lived in is
             | owned by Matt Gaetz, the extreme right wing congressperson
             | under investigation for sex trafficking.
        
         | swiley wrote:
         | I live in an artificial town that was constructed 10 or so
         | years ago near a light rail station to the larger city to the
         | north (and other similar "towns") so it's totally doable, it's
         | just not for everyone.
        
           | helen___keller wrote:
           | I'd love to read more about it. My impression is that this
           | sort of "greenfield" doesn't exist because most established
           | cities have surrounded themselves with low density suburbs.
           | What's the name of the town/region?
        
             | dvdkon wrote:
             | Vienna's Seestadt Aspern fits that description and seems to
             | me like a very good attempt at building a "new town" with
             | its own centre and infrastructure.
             | 
             | It's only a short train ride away from Vienna's center, but
             | so are many other small towns and those are decidedly
             | separate.
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | I'm actually posting from Reston Town center but yeah
               | there are lots of examples around here.
        
         | jppope wrote:
         | I'd have to argue against the notion that towns/ European style
         | cities are "economically obsolete". Yes, they are virtually
         | impossible to build from scratch at the moment (zoning,
         | building codes, developers, etc), but the economic value of
         | walkable cities has never been higher. If you cross reference
         | walkscore against our metropolitan areas in the US walkable
         | cities (that are in warm climates) are our most valuable real
         | estate... not to mention that they are the location for most of
         | our companies participating in the "information economy"
         | (military-industrial complex aside).
         | 
         | Basically most Americans want to live in a walkable city with
         | charm and community, but the way we built America post 1950
         | makes it very difficult.
        
           | helen___keller wrote:
           | Just to be clear: existing towns are not economically
           | obsolete. The economic conditions that led to the founding of
           | small towns no longer exist, and in this sense the idea of
           | "building a new small town" is obsolete (with some
           | exceptions: eccentric millionaire building a planned
           | community, an ideological sect with hundreds of people
           | willing to uproot their lives to build somewhere that is not
           | yet livable, "theme park" style for-profit destination towns
           | like your disneylands or The Villages in Florida).
           | 
           | This isn't a matter of zoning, building codes and developers
           | (thats mostly a problem for existing towns/cities), this is a
           | matter of economics. It takes impetus to create a new
           | town/city, and in the modern economy that impetus almost
           | always involves automobiles.
           | 
           | Edit: updated my wording in the above post to make clear that
           | existing towns aren't obsolete, just the creation of new ones
        
             | sjg007 wrote:
             | I live in a thriving small town.
        
             | judge2020 wrote:
             | This was basically Walt Disney's idea of E.P.C.O.T. before
             | his passing, and specifically focused on commuting via
             | 'peoplemovers' and walking instead of cars.
             | https://youtu.be/tKYEXjMlKKQ
        
           | majormajor wrote:
           | > If you cross reference walkscore against our metropolitan
           | areas in the US walkable cities (that are in warm climates)
           | are our most valuable real estate... not to mention that they
           | are the location for most of our companies participating in
           | the "information economy" (military-industrial complex
           | aside).
           | 
           | > Basically most Americans want to live in a walkable city
           | with charm and community, but the way we built America post
           | 1950 makes it very difficult.
           | 
           | How do you know that this means Americans want to live in
           | that style, versus that high concentration fosters today's
           | thriving companies and job markets, and so the people follow
           | the jobs at the expense of cheaper and more desirable
           | housing? Single family homes reduce walkability for everyone
           | else, but are more valuable than a condo next door in those
           | thriving American cities. The ultimate desire is to have your
           | cake and eat it too.
           | 
           | And that economic value and company presence aspect argues
           | against forming new small towns - the $$$ shows that all the
           | desire and demand is in bigger metro areas, right now.
        
             | bserge wrote:
             | It's pretty funny how "people follow the jobs" and on the
             | employer side "business follows the people". Hence the
             | modern city hellscapes.
        
         | yodelshady wrote:
         | I live in a UK town a hundred times that size, and still have
         | reasonable access to proper green space. This does require:
         | 
         | -modern multi-storey buildings; -public transit. Which requires
         | similar infra to cars.
         | 
         | Economically, a town this size supports a train station to
         | other towns, which is... _huge_. I 've gone to after-work
         | drinks in a different, similar-sized town. So has my partner.
         | 
         | And environmentally, there's no real objection to building up a
         | bit (it might be a net positive, by shoring up aforementioned
         | train station). Adding a whole new town anywhere in the region
         | would be a nightmare. And frankly, for all the current
         | (deserved) bad press on flats and the romanticism of single-
         | family homes, an awful lot of the latter are _terrible_.
         | Leaking, creaking, cold, subsiding, dangerous wiring and
         | something else rhyming.
         | 
         | I'm not meaningfully further from nature, either.
        
         | williamsmj wrote:
         | Fun fact: you need not just a town, but a legally incorporated
         | city, if you want a liquor store. A trailer park with a
         | population of 188 is the densest incorporated city in Texas
         | (and one of the 100 densest cities in America) for precisely
         | this reason:
         | https://twitter.com/DanKeshet/status/1350633707036663809,
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_City,_Texas.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Something like Wengen in Switzerland is probably about as close
         | as you get to something like this:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wengen
         | 
         | But obviously a mountain resort town has to be somewhere that
         | outsiders want to vacation in and everyone who lives there is
         | either in or supporting in some way the tourist industry.
        
       | analyte123 wrote:
       | > The newest building on the block should look like the oldest.
       | In the case of Texas, this means the town will be built to a
       | Mission, Spanish-colonial, or German-colonial style
       | 
       | Pretty amusing to leave whatever the correct word for "Anglo-
       | American-colonial" is out of this list.
       | 
       | > It should look like it was founded and laid down in 1667 or
       | 1746, not 2022.
       | 
       | Large parts of West Texas were not settled until after the Civil
       | War (with gridded streets of course), making "historical
       | authenticity" a bit of a challenge. But building a "new" horse-
       | compatible late 19th century Texas town with wide streets and big
       | lots would be hard enough already, so I definitely respect the
       | gusto here.
        
         | finiteseries wrote:
         | Is there an Anglo-American colonial style in Texas outside
         | maybe Galveston? Genuinely interested and would love to visit
         | any remnants we still have.
         | 
         | Empresarios and land grants seem to have led to different
         | settlement patterns at the start for the Anglos than the rigid
         | early Spanish or hilariously insular hill country Germans.
         | 
         | "Spanish colonists came organized once the missions and
         | presidios were already built, Anglos posted up stick houses by
         | themselves on land they ostensibly owned and tried not to get
         | slaughtered by comanche" is the vibe I usually get.
        
       | DoreenMichele wrote:
       | Keep in mind this is a hypothetical scenario in response to a
       | real question from real people, so when the author talks about
       | the arid climate of Texas, they may know exactly where the real
       | estate in question is while not wanting to reveal it.
       | 
       | It's kind of a mix of general ideas floating around urbanist
       | circles and specific suggestions for this question asked of them
       | with specific proposed parameters. In some cases, I can kind of
       | see the logic and see that it was just not really explained. In
       | other cases, I think it's basically fantasy, as a lot of such
       | proposals tend to be.
       | 
       | Some of the talking points are rooted in the reality that water
       | is a big issue in the world and getting worse, climate change is
       | a big issue, there was a really major power outage in Texas not
       | hugely long ago, some of our global problems are rooted in being
       | too car dependent and too dependent on food imports, etc.
       | 
       | The actual situation: Four guys have purchased real estate
       | somewhere in Texas and want to build a town. This piece likely
       | will fail to serve them well as a recipe for developing a town.
       | 
       | "Build it and they will come" has a long history of failing.
       | _Planned towns_ have a long history of failing. See Fordlandia
       | and California City as historic examples of planned cities that
       | failed.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordl%C3%A2ndia
       | 
       | https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/california-city-unbuilt-...
       | 
       | A notable exception to this general rule is the unincorporated
       | community of Hershey, Pennsylvania which was built as a company
       | town to provide homes and amenities for workers at the Hershey
       | factory that was built there, iirc. It currently has about 14k
       | residents.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hershey,_Pennsylvania
       | 
       | This is Texas and the author seems to not know much about the
       | state. It has a lot of quirks that set it apart from other
       | states.
       | 
       | You don't need a public school system for your planned community.
       | Texas has the most liberal homeschooling laws of any state. If I
       | were a paid consultant working on this town, I would put together
       | some information on online education, homeschooling, where the
       | nearest physical college is, etc. I would target childless
       | couples, retirees, etc and make it clear that "if you have
       | children, you should plan to homeschool and here are some
       | resources to help support that."
       | 
       | I would target remote workers and make sure the town had
       | excellent internet. This would be a hack to get around the fact
       | that the real estate these four guys bought was probably not
       | bought with an economic purpose in mind -- eg the development of
       | a local mine. Towns tends to spring up where geography fosters
       | economic development and the modern world can get around some of
       | the historic constraints that forced towns into specific locales,
       | but no one can get around the need for the town to be
       | economically sustainable. If you want a real town to happen here,
       | you need to answer the question of "How will people support
       | themselves?" and you have three basic options: It's a retirement
       | community or enclave of independently wealthy jet setters bored
       | with jet setting for some reason; you can develop a local
       | business there that somehow is related to that physical place
       | because of the resources that exist there; you can plan for
       | remote workers as your hack for not defaulting to trying to
       | attract people so rich they can live anywhere (so why would they
       | live there?) or developing a significant business on the ground
       | to attract workers to live in the town.
       | 
       | Even in dry West Texas, average rainfall is plenty adequate to
       | support off-grid, self-sustaining homes if that's your thing, eg
       | Earth Ships, which can work with as little as 10 inches of
       | rainfall annually.
       | 
       | This piece is correct that reducing the energy load for some of
       | the big things, like heating and cooling, is an essential first
       | step in designing a community that has energy independence and
       | energy security. Passive Solar design can go a long way, even in
       | West Texas weather, towards reducing energy needs while keeping
       | people comfortable. You could readily borrow ideas from Middle
       | Eastern desert cultures as well, a source of wisdom largely
       | overlooked these days.
       | 
       | Local character is not something you need to inject. It's
       | something you need to allow. Historically, it was rooted in
       | vernacular architecture and that is generally speaking local
       | building styles made with local materials and designed to
       | accommodate local weather.
       | 
       | Articles like this typically focus on the built environment. This
       | article tries to tell you how to build a town and there are
       | cities across China and in other places that are modern ghost
       | towns because someone with money and power built the buildings
       | and the people never showed up, or at least not in large enough
       | numbers. It may not be completely empty, but there are multiple
       | cities today where they built it and the people did not come.
       | 
       | A real town is a place where people live and articles of this
       | sort almost never address the question of "Why would anyone move
       | there? Who do you want to attract and how will you get them
       | there?"
       | 
       | And you would, really, need to sit down with the four men who
       | bought this real estate and have a serious heart-to-heart with
       | them about what kind of people they are, what activities they
       | like, what kind of people do they like to hang with, how do they
       | live their lives and what kind of social connections they
       | currently have. This is not being addressed in this piece and the
       | author seems unlikely to address it.
       | 
       | Placemaking is not just about the physical place. It's about the
       | people who live there as well and the biggest challenge a planned
       | town has is "How do you get people to move there? Why would they
       | want to?" It's a question that tends to be given short shrift
       | while people imagine some perfect built environment that lacks
       | all the things they find aggravating in the world today and then
       | don't think about the actual purpose of built environments, which
       | is to serve the needs of the local population.
       | 
       | It was an interesting read with a lot of familiar ideas, but it's
       | not very grounded. This is not a recipe for these four people to
       | start a town. It's a thought experiment for the entertainment of
       | the author, basically, which is fine but don't get confused. This
       | is not a real recipe for how to develop a real town.
       | 
       | Edit: The footnote says part 2 will address the question of
       | People. (crosses fingers)
       | 
       | Edit 2: I will add if the place gets big enough, sure, public
       | school is a good thing to have and may be a necessity. But this
       | piece is essentially aimed at attracting the first 100 residents
       | and I think for that purpose, you don't need a school system nor
       | any real plans to create one.
        
       | chomp wrote:
       | They keep saying things like "arid, parched" which leads me to
       | believe they are looking at land in West Texas (it is very cheap
       | land). These things do not apply to South East Texas, which is
       | mostly subtropical. However, even in the South East we've had
       | issues with subsidence due to over pumping (which we've mostly
       | weaned off from), so the point of being self sustaining on
       | surface water still applies.
       | 
       | East Texas has a huge logging and tree farming industry, so if
       | you're building in East Texas, you'll probably want to leverage
       | the natural resources; rammed earth doesn't quite make sense
       | there.
       | 
       | Also, and this is my personal opinion, I do not believe it is
       | possible to create a successful, large town without vehicles or
       | air conditioning here, it isn't practical, and it isn't in the
       | culture. If you look at the history of success of Texas towns,
       | many further West and South/South East did not become successful
       | until the advent of the vehicle and the air conditioner. The idea
       | of lugging groceries for even a 150m walk in this weather sounds
       | miserable. I recommend the author looks more local to find out
       | what makes Texas towns tick rather than global, because while
       | there's great ideas from around the world that could be imported,
       | you shouldn't discount the local maxima.
        
         | psychometry wrote:
         | The usual attitude of regressive red-state governments towards
         | cities pursuing left-leaning ideas (raising the local minimum
         | wage, relaxing zoning, building municipal broadband
         | infrastructure, etc.) is to make it illegal for cities to do
         | those things. So I find it odd that Texas is the location for
         | this thought experiment. If these plans were put into action,
         | the state of TX would probably pass laws and regulations
         | requiring things like minimum amounts of street parking.
        
           | thebradbain wrote:
           | It's true that the right-leaning government will override
           | local control when it comes to most controversial issues in
           | the blue cities, but when it comes to land use, Texas leaves
           | cities alone. I grew up in Dallas, now own a home in Los
           | Angeles. Aside from the local zoning ordinances (Dallas is
           | "zoned", but compared to Los Angeles, no it's not; and
           | Houston doesn't have any formal zoning at all), California
           | has _way_ more state-level codes than Texas when it comes to
           | land development.
           | 
           | Also, I would argue that, for better or worse, Marfa, TX in
           | West Texas is a real manifestation of this essay. It's only a
           | town of about 5000, completely walkable, and homes that were
           | selling for $20k when news got out it was a secret artist
           | enclave just 10 years ago are now going for north of $1
           | million. And, to assuage your concern: yes, it's blue (not
           | enough to turn the rest of the rural county blue, but close
           | enough to make the vote of the county 48% Biden - 52% Trump,
           | almost exactly mirroring the overall result in the state).
           | Marfa even disbanded its entire police department in 2009,
           | and the red state government still left it alone.
           | 
           | https://www.themanual.com/culture/marfa-texas/
           | 
           | https://www.npr.org/2012/08/02/156980469/marfa-texas-an-
           | unli...
        
           | hindsightbias wrote:
           | As long as it had a gun range and shop, they'd probably let
           | it pass on cars.
           | 
           | Could sell it as an old west town, horses allowed. Maybe wild
           | west recreations on weekends for tourists.
        
           | chomp wrote:
           | I mean, Texas is home to the largest unzoned city in the
           | country. It's also the most successful red state in the
           | country, so it's favorable amongst some groups, especially
           | those with business leanings. I don't think they'd enforce
           | parking minimums, but we do have municipal broadband
           | restrictions.
           | 
           | As a resident, I also found it an odd choice. I'd build an
           | experiment city (especially one that wants to be walkable
           | with less reliance on a/c) somewhere with more amenable
           | weather. Water is also more of an issue. West Texas land
           | isn't just cheap because it's flat and brown, it also is a
           | crapshoot if your wells pull up brine vs fresh water, or if
           | you have to dig absurdly deep wells that you have to replace
           | every 5 years.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | West Texas has some kind of fatal attraction for a certain
             | type of person, like the Ron Paul followers who tried to
             | establish Paulville in Hudspeth County. Wrath of Gnon, much
             | as I enjoy certain of their tweets, has that "reject
             | modernity, embrace tradition" vibe that is also very
             | closely aligned in several dimensions with libertarians and
             | separatists. Compound that with the fact that land in most
             | parts of far west Texas is incredibly cheap (because it is
             | useless) and you can see how people fall into that trap.
             | 
             | I think people should just remember that if they see some
             | incredibly cheap Texas land advertised for sale online, it
             | was probably used at some point to spread New Jersey sewage
             | imported by rail.
             | 
             | https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/02/us/for-some-texas-town-
             | is...
        
               | taurath wrote:
               | I consider it the "western frontier" type person, and it
               | goes thru Texas, Utah, Nevada and up to Idaho the Dakotas
               | and Montana, with smatterings of eastern Washington,
               | Oregon and California. Which makes some sense just from a
               | hereditary standpoint since much of it's only been
               | started to get settled (by non natives) for a hundred
               | years. Nomadland as a movie does a good job of getting
               | the mood right.
        
         | bertmuthalaly wrote:
         | A 150m walk on a bald Texas street does indeed sound miserable.
         | 
         | A tree-lined one, though, can be quite nice:
         | https://twitter.com/brent_bellamy/status/1411133447062441990
        
           | jjoonathan wrote:
           | Yes, it's definitely better, but like all of these zero-
           | energy "alternatives" to air conditioning, it feels like a
           | 20% substitute being sold as an 80% substitute.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | tomjakubowski wrote:
             | How is this an alternative to air conditioning? It's an
             | idea to make being outside in the heat mor bearable, not
             | inside. Good shade provides more like an alternative to
             | depending on a car to get around on hot days.
        
             | coryrc wrote:
             | I'm more comfortable walking through Marrakech's old town
             | at 35degC than the sidewalk next to an asphalt road in
             | Seattle at 25degC.
        
         | hindsightbias wrote:
         | Villages in Spain and elsewhere use light wall colors, roof
         | overhangs and narrow streets/walkways to keep paths shaded and
         | cool. Also can orient for wind. Can make it a bit more
         | manageable. For really oppressive days, you put low flow
         | misters along paths.
         | 
         | In a village, you don't go to HEB once every two weeks and get
         | $400 in groceries. You walk to the market every day or two and
         | shop. One tote bag. You send the kid to the butcher, fishmonger
         | or for something you forgot. Completely different from
         | sub/exurb lifestyle.
         | 
         | Smaller hand trucks/carts would also be a norm, very common to
         | see those in Europe with the elderly, delivery or tradesfolks.
         | 
         | One aspect of the covid era was that many stopped walking to
         | urban stores every day and made it a weekly thing or got
         | delivieries. Kind of eye opening to see a city like SF return
         | to crowded markets.
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | >Villages in Spain and elsewhere use light wall colors, roof
           | overhangs and narrow streets/walkways to keep paths shaded
           | and cool.
           | 
           | Spain also had 12,963 excess deaths in the 2003 heatwave.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_European_heat_wave#Spain
           | 
           | You can absolutely have a city without air conditioning.
           | Humans have done it for thousands of years. The well-known
           | tradeoff is that you are going to lose some elderly people
           | during the summer.
        
       | olah_1 wrote:
       | What is especially exciting about the idea, is the opportunity to
       | incorporate modern internet into the town from the start.
       | 
       | The article mentions solar panels and wifi technicians.
       | Naturally, the town would be equipped with a kind of mesh net for
       | local communication in cases of outages, etc.
       | 
       | But also, the town librarian could maintain something like
       | community resources hosted on the mesh network. Design documents,
       | etc.
       | 
       | Of course, the town would provide a Pleroma or Matrix server to
       | all residents too :)
        
         | wyager wrote:
         | Mesh networks don't actually scale well compared to traditional
         | fiber topologies. If you have the opportunity to bury fiber
         | from the get-go, that's a much better option for most
         | optimization criteria (latency & bandwidth, for starters).
        
       | dontbeabill wrote:
       | maybe instead of hipster dotcom moving everywhere in hoards, they
       | could just use their smug talents, intelligence and rsu wealth to
       | start building their own towns?
       | 
       | i mean, how many googlers and facebook engineers would it take to
       | build a small, cool, hip town, with $20 grilled cheese and
       | artisan everything?
        
       | lifefeed wrote:
       | This reads the second-system effect applied to urban planning,
       | which is a field that does not lack for ego-driven projects of
       | planning-over-natural-growth. (e.g. Seeing Like A State, and the
       | career of Robert Moses.)
       | 
       | I don't know whether to be relieved or disappointed that we'll
       | never learn all the fun, new problems that his grand plan would
       | introduce.
        
       | Schweigi wrote:
       | Does anyone have insights on the legal part of creating a town?
       | The articles doesn't seem to address that. Would one just start
       | with un-incorperated land? Buy land from an existing city and try
       | to split it off?
       | 
       | Are there any legal requirements from the State of Texas which
       | need to be followed?
        
       | jppope wrote:
       | Seaside, Florida is an example of building at "human scale" in
       | the states
        
       | midhhhthrow wrote:
       | I like the idea of starting a new town, something that's in great
       | need with so many cities oberpopulating
       | 
       | Why no AC? He says they can't produce enough power. But all it
       | takes is one powerwall and 4K or 8k solar panel per house.
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | I think the author is an urban professional dreaming about
         | people doing what he never has in a place he's never lived.
         | 
         | There's nothing wrong with doing that, although if you really
         | wanted to design a realistically successful small town, you'd
         | start by asking "where will we put the chemical plant/oil
         | refinery/paper mill?"
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | And 600 people. (Supposedly growing to 3000.) I doubt you
           | support a school system with 600 people unless it's some
           | communal everyone pitches in sort of thing. You're not going
           | to support much in the way of stores--which I suppose can be
           | built along the outside of the town. And you're not going to
           | supply the town, get people to doctors, have emergency
           | services, etc. without some degree of car access. The fire
           | department isn't going to arrive by train. And I assume most
           | people will be working remotely?
        
             | lastofthemojito wrote:
             | I cringe thinking about the dating pool in an isolated
             | community of 600 people. Just one more reason this sort of
             | experiment might accidentally push people to their cars
             | instead of away from them.
        
               | zip1234 wrote:
               | I didn't read this as 'completely isolated community'--
               | the author writes about a rail station. Also if it is as
               | idyllic as described it would be swamped by tourists.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | 600 people is a larger social group than most humans have
               | had for our species' entire existence. No, app-based
               | hookups won't work well in this environment. So what?
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | As a queer person of color, I have enough trouble dating
               | in larger cities.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | Ok, so don't live in a small town. Not every conceivable
               | urban plan will work for everyone.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | I don't intend to. I'm simply highlighting the point that
               | dating in a smaller pool is a lot harder for some people
               | in ways that may not be immediately apparent.
        
               | lastofthemojito wrote:
               | That may be true, I don't really know. I tend to make my
               | choices based on what's available to me currently, rather
               | than the standards of the past. Even if a nice tent is
               | better shelter than most humans have had for our species'
               | entire existence, I'm still going to choose to live in a
               | house.
        
             | wyager wrote:
             | Creating a K-12 for like 100-600 kids seems pretty feasible
             | to me. If for some reason that didn't work, I'm not going
             | to mourn the loss of modern industrial schools.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | That's 600 total population.
               | 
               | My town has something like K-8 with a 7K population and
               | has a regional system with 2 other towns for high school.
               | And that's about 60-70% of our property tax spend.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | The target is 3k people. 20% in k-12 is what I roughly
               | expect for this sort of community.
               | 
               | I went to a few K-12s with fewer than 400 people. They
               | were great.
               | 
               | American public schools are notoriously inefficient.
               | Spending tons of property tax revenue is not _necessary_
               | , just politically challenging to undo. You might be able
               | to pull it off in a project like this. Or just say there
               | are no public schools and outsource education to
               | parochial schools or something. It doesn't really matter
               | - education has minimal impact on life outcomes until
               | high school/college. It would not be my first concern
               | with this kind of experiment.
        
             | IncRnd wrote:
             | With 600 people paying $1,000 in taxes per month, the city
             | would only net $7 million/year. This is less a plan and
             | more a pipe dream.
             | 
             | Cities are built where there are demands for cities to be
             | built. They grow around nexus points of travel, gold
             | rushes, or other places that invite entrepreneurs to build
             | them.
             | 
             | Entrepreneurs might create the need for the city, but there
             | has to be some means of sustenance for the city not to
             | become what is called a "Ghost Town".
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | There's certainly demand for living in a place like this.
        
               | IncRnd wrote:
               | Then, lets look back in a year and see whether this city
               | had been created.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | 7 million a year can hire a doctor, and a variety of
               | other services.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Modern medicine isn't "a" doctor. You're going to
               | Houston, Dallas, or Austin for more than a casual annual
               | physical.
        
               | IncRnd wrote:
               | I think if you were to create a city budget of
               | infrastructure, emergency services, courts, and so forth
               | you would run out of money before your list of unfunded
               | services got completed.
               | 
               | Of course, people who stick-with-it can get anything
               | done. The village I live in has a budget of $48 million,
               | so it is possible $7 million would be enough (after
               | taxing everyone 1k/month). Let's look back on this in a
               | year.
        
         | justusthane wrote:
         | Maybe it was edited after it was posted, but it doesn't say no
         | AC--it said the town should be designed to function without AC
         | in case of power outages and use as much passive cooling as
         | possible, but that AC can be added in as needed.
        
           | freeone3000 wrote:
           | So, constantly. It's Texas. 40C summers are normal. The state
           | was sparsely populated, even by 19th century standards, until
           | air conditioning became a common fixture. It's a necessity.
        
             | dredmorbius wrote:
             | In _west_ Texas, assuming you have access to water (by no
             | means a guarantee), the option for water-based cooling
             | (evaporative or indirect cooling) is present.  "Swamp
             | coolers" have a deservedly bad rap in humid climates,
             | they're far more tolerable in dry ones.
             | 
             | Forms of evaporative + stored thermal mass cooling (rooftop
             | sprinkler systems, perhaps combined with a rooftop garden
             | and an underground irrigation + cooling mass water system)
             | could provide the basis for an indirect cooling system that
             | isn't reliant on electrical power, though it would still
             | have fairly high evaporative losses.
        
       | dredmorbius wrote:
       | Cities and towns exist largely as economic, occasionally cultural
       | or educational totems. Lacking a fundamental economic basis will
       | doom any planned city.
       | 
       | There's a history of "intentional communities". Many are thought
       | of as utopian communities, and as largely (though not entirely)
       | failed, though this misses some notable successes lurcking in
       | plain view. There are a number of successful intentional
       | community models.
       | 
       | The first is religious communities which _have_ sustained
       | themselves. In the US, notably Menonite, Amish, and Mormon
       | communities, though there are numerous others. In the case of the
       | Mormons, the community is the size of a state (and strongly
       | influences most of its neighbours).
       | 
       | The second is the college town. For the past century colleges and
       | universities, even comparably small ones, have proved robust
       | self-perpetuating instutions, as both demand for an educated
       | population and funding for education (and research, and sport)
       | have been generous. That tide may be shifting, along with a
       | potential trend to decentralised or remote education, though I
       | suspect it's got life in it yet.
       | 
       | Several commercial motivations have proved workable at least in
       | instances, notably tourist, retirement, vacation, and (as noted,
       | viz Marfa, TX), art colonies. Odds may be longer here, though
       | opportunities also more numerous. The key problem is that fads
       | and fashions are fickle. Retirement populations, as with college
       | students, tend to move on after a few years, if to different
       | prospects. Many of the advantages of a student population: youth,
       | health, vitality, openness to experience, credulity, are lacking
       | in the older set.
       | 
       | Government projects are another option, with some outposts (Los
       | Alamos National Laboratory and its impact on Santa Fe, NM,
       | Macdonald Observatory and Ft. Davis, TX, Cape Canaveral and the
       | Florida coast) having a profound local impact.
       | 
       | Otherwise, a town is generally reliant on what's at hand for
       | economic initiative. In what I presume is West Texas, that's some
       | highway travel, a current boomlette of oil and gas activity,
       | cattle ranching, a few notable cultural outposts, and some degree
       | of border activity. There's also wind and solar development in
       | the area (there's a notable solar technician training centre
       | across the stateline near Clovis, NM), as well as possible other
       | activity I'm unaware.
       | 
       | But lacking that, "build it and they will come" seems rather
       | unlikely. The remaining possibility is that the vision Wrath Of
       | Gnon espouses will appeal to the specific niche they hope to
       | attract, in which case there is limited likelihood of success.
       | 
       | That said: expressing the plan in terms of goal, economic basis,
       | architecture, and design principles would help. The economic base
       | element is conspicuously missing.
       | 
       | Regulatory, governance, and conflict-resolution elements should
       | also be explored.
        
       | zip1234 wrote:
       | A refreshing read. Most 'modern' towns are loud mainly because of
       | vehicles and lawn care. It is interesting to think about a town
       | built around not needing those things.
        
       | rel2thr wrote:
       | Aren't new towns and villages built all the time? Definitely not
       | with all the aesthetics this author is looking for, but not fair
       | to say we as a society have forgotten how to do this.
       | 
       | I can think of several examples in Texas, the mueller
       | neighborhood in austin. Steiner ranch outside of austin ( built
       | on an old ranch ) . The woodlands outside of Houston built up in
       | the 80s and 90s by an oil baron
        
       | rgrieselhuber wrote:
       | I think we're going to see a rise in private towns.
        
         | IncRnd wrote:
         | Most towns get started that way.
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | Some of these "traditional European architecture" accounts have a
       | darker side to them: https://www.newstatesman.com/science-
       | tech/social-media/2018/...
        
         | akarma wrote:
         | This is quite a bit of misinformation. From the article:
         | 
         | > The account has also shown a preference for cultural
         | conservatives in its "likes", which these include ... Roger
         | Scruton, a man known for making a career out of his prejudice;
         | and Leon Krier, a disciple of Hitler's chief architect Albert
         | Speer.
         | 
         | Roger Scruton was knighted for his contributions to public
         | education [0] and helped establish an underground academic
         | network in Soviet-occupied Europe. He was also one of the best
         | contributors to the New Statesman which I suppose is now
         | cancelling him?
         | 
         | Leon Krier was in no way a disciple of Albert Speer. Speer's
         | only mentioned in the footnotes of Krier's Wikipedia article
         | [1] because Krier wrote a book about Speer where he asked, "Can
         | a war criminal be a great artist?" [2]
         | 
         | It seems that the problem to this writer is conservatism as a
         | whole, and _of course_ these accounts are conservative! The
         | whole point of the Twitter accounts is pro-conservation!
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Scruton [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Krier [2]
         | https://www.monacellipress.com/book/albert-speer/
        
       | siavosh wrote:
       | A couple years ago during a period of existential levity, I
       | thought to myself: what's the most ambitious thing I could do
       | with my life? The idea of creating a city for some reason popped
       | into my head. Perhaps it was born out of my frustrations with
       | finding affordable housing and the obsolete nature of the work
       | commute (prescient pre-covid), that I started a blog and started
       | reading about urban economics and sharing some thoughts and notes
       | etc.
       | 
       | Of course going through the process of trying to get a permit for
       | a small home remodel will destroy any enthusiasm one would have
       | to work with any bureaucracy made me quickly forget of the
       | ambition. During that brief period though, I did learn about
       | different efforts out there (some now defunct, ex Google's) of
       | re-imaging the modern city. I do hope some desolate plots of land
       | now become economically viable post-covid and become experimental
       | zones for new ideas and small communities.
        
       | _Microft wrote:
       | "Wrath of Gnon" is also on Twitter. Their tweets are a welcome
       | change in a mostly tech-themed Twitter feed.
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/wrathofgnon/
        
         | jppope wrote:
         | Wrath of Gnon is one of my favorites.
        
       | eastbayjake wrote:
       | This was an interesting thought experiment, but required some
       | mental gymnastics to go along with the premise that the town
       | should be entirely self-sufficient. (Especially trying to grow
       | all of your community's food in West Texas!) But to the extent
       | I'm interested in how you would build a _community_ more than how
       | you 'd build a _town_ , there are some interesting thoughts here
       | about how you'd go about an intentional community if you didn't
       | mind some reliance on modern industrial society (which is also
       | true of the Amish farmers the author touts throughout)
        
       | hollerith wrote:
       | >all homes will be equipped with fireplaces, wood stoves and
       | chimneys.
       | 
       | Great: the burning of solid fuels (coal in the past, but nowadays
       | mostly wood at least in the US) is the source of one of the most
       | damaging forms of pollution (particulate) these years, which is
       | the reason that for example fireplaces and wood stoves have been
       | banned in new construction in the Bay Area since 2005.
        
         | wyager wrote:
         | Probably not a problem with only a few thousand people. You
         | could also require catalytic stoves or some other kind of stove
         | with lower particulate emissions.
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | I regularly find a single household burning wood to be
           | obnoxious to me in certain atmospheric conditions (which are
           | present about .6 of the time in my part of the Bay Area).
           | 
           | Vehicles in countries with good air quality simply avoid
           | producing carbon-rich particles (the kind of pollution
           | produced by burning wood or coal) in the first place: their
           | catalytic converters are for other types of pollution
           | (gases).
        
         | breischl wrote:
         | I did find it weird to assert that you can't use wood for
         | construction materials because it wouldn't fit, but then
         | require it for fuel. If you can't find enough wood to build out
         | of, then it seems even harder to find enough to cook & heat
         | with, even in a relatively warm climate like Texas.
        
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