[HN Gopher] A theory that "elite overproduction" leads to politi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A theory that "elite overproduction" leads to political instability
       (2020)
        
       Author : jedwhite
       Score  : 116 points
       Date   : 2021-07-06 11:33 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | abnry wrote:
       | I keep refreshing the comments here and I think I know why.
       | Personal experience in grad school taught me the allure of
       | success in academia. I was hyper-focused on playing the game
       | right to get that tenure track (and hopefully tenured) position.
       | Half of your salary as an academic (unless you go into the
       | teaching route, "ew..." /sarcasm) is paid in prestige. When you
       | have a clique of people across the world who cite your papers and
       | show respect it boosts your ego massively.
       | 
       | When I crashed out of grad school due to debilitating health
       | issues, I did a reevaluation. Knowing that I loved the prestige
       | aspect of academia, but then realizing that I would much rather
       | have good health and no prestige than bad health and prestige, my
       | perspective changed. I used to be irritated by the people who
       | loudly and proudly called grad school a scam.
       | 
       | If you do get your PhD from a brand-name university, publish a
       | thesis that nobody but your advisor reads (and not even everyone
       | on your thesis committee), in a field that really isn't all that
       | important, can you still really say you are worthy of elite
       | status?
       | 
       | Many grad students were miffed that the academic job market was
       | so tough that they had to take low-wage postdoc jobs. Truly,
       | there is an overproduction of PhDs when you are trained for the
       | job your advisor has. And when your advisor has more than one PhD
       | student... the math won't work out, especially when your advisor
       | has tenure and won't retire until the latest point possible.
       | 
       | I graduated college a couple months before I turned 20. That put
       | the idea in me that I could be "elite". Sure, it was worth a shot
       | at the time. But maybe I bought into an unhealthy worldview where
       | I cared more about elevating my own status than doing something
       | useful.
       | 
       | If you have a PhD, you should be smart enough to understand
       | market dynamics. You should be smart enough to understand that
       | when demand outstrips supply, the price people are willing to
       | sell their labor is going to drop way down. Those willing to
       | participate are the ones who can tolerate higher levels of risk,
       | gambling that they will get the high payout.
       | 
       | So if you are resentful your postdoc position in Middle-of-
       | nowhere pays you 50k at the age of 27... your resentment is
       | completely unfounded. It may sting when the bet doesn't pay out,
       | but you should have known that it is a bet. And those who
       | perpetuate the lie that a PhD means you are owed the reward in
       | the status game, you are leading people astray.
        
       | cryptica wrote:
       | The problem is that the monetary system is ending and it
       | desperately tries to propagate itself by promoting/enriching
       | people who are able to maintain the illusion of normalcy which
       | keeps everything together. It becomes increasingly difficult to
       | find people who are capable of such an extreme degree of
       | corruption and hypocrisy. The system ends after it runs out of
       | corrupt people to promote. In the meantime, this systematic
       | promotion of corrupt people creates political instability.
        
       | quacked wrote:
       | I wonder if the economists have ever considered a society where
       | brainy people are happy and proud to perform basic sustenance
       | work- construction, manufacture of textiles, farming, driving,
       | etc.
        
         | s_dev wrote:
         | That sounds like Japan. You could have lads that would have
         | been destined to be astrophysicists or computer architects
         | performing 'working class jobs' like making chefs knives or
         | growing bonzai trees. Skills that are far more modest than
         | their potential.
         | 
         | They don't seem any worse off because of it.
        
           | cratermoon wrote:
           | > Skills that are far more modest than their potential
           | 
           | Ever tried making a decent knife? Or keeping a bonsai tree
           | alive? For 100 years?
        
             | s_dev wrote:
             | I can appreciate there is a huge amount of skill and
             | knowledge making a knife/bonsai but I do believe there is
             | more required of both such attributes to be an
             | astrophysicist.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | I think the "primitive" skill closest to the kind of
               | mathematical thinking an astrophysicist (or
               | mathematician) employs would be advanced knotwork. Mental
               | geometric/topological/spatial manipulations are key to
               | clever insights and critical to figuring out knots.
               | 
               | (This can be taught to/learned by some chimpanzees, BTW.
               | ...but I think there are no such examples in the wild
               | without substantial human contact.)
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | I am closer to a computer architect than an
               | astrophysicist in qualifications, but I can confirm from
               | recent experience: I have no ability to keep a Bonsai
               | tree alive.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | On what empirical basis do you hold this belief?
        
           | quacked wrote:
           | I have noticed the same thing. I just don't see any reason
           | why, across a span of a 60 year career, you can't do both at
           | the same time- part time astrophysicist, part-time knife
           | maker. I'd repair potholes or monitor an industrial loom for
           | 2 days per week if I could take the rest of the time off.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | how many japanese do you think are in the business of making
           | chef knives and bonzai trees
        
             | s_dev wrote:
             | Theres probably more Japanese making knives and growing
             | bonzai trees than there are Japanese astrophysicists or
             | computer architects.
        
             | busterarm wrote:
             | Also I think the parent post is ignoring generally accepted
             | realities of the Japanese higher education system.
             | 
             | The hardest part of the top tier universities is getting
             | in. Being an actual university student is the time in life
             | when most Japanese slack off, get part time jobs and devote
             | lots of attention to their hobbies. Skipping class is
             | normal in most departments and largely what you get your
             | degree in is meaningless.
             | 
             | Japanese university grads merely have to graduate and based
             | on the school they went to will determine which prestigious
             | companies they can successfully apply to. New grads apply
             | to the company, not a specific position and companies
             | allocate their new hires based on what positions they need
             | filled.
        
         | zelos wrote:
         | "I could try composing wonderful musical works, or day-long
         | entertainment epics, but what would that do? Give people
         | pleasure? My wiping this table gives me pleasure." (Iain M.
         | Banks, Use of Weapons)
        
         | oh-4-fucks-sake wrote:
         | [I think psychologists
         | have](https://alifeofproductivity.com/how-to-experience-flow-
         | magic...)
         | 
         | Basically, those that are more "brainy" need a higher level of
         | mental stimulation in order to not be bored. Being given too
         | much mental stimulation relative to your intelligence/skills
         | results in anxiety. The sweet spot is somewhere in between and
         | we seek this sweet spot (or at least stumble upon it and remain
         | sticky to it).
         | 
         | People then sort themselves over time into these buckets s/t
         | (generally), the brainy people end up doing brainy things, and
         | the not-so-brainy people do less-brainy things. Reversing of
         | roles would be mutually detrimental to both parties.
        
           | quacked wrote:
           | I don't think I agree with this assessment. I myself am
           | "brainy", but working for actually useful endeavors is easy
           | to balance with a rich, involved life. I can happily dig
           | rocks out of the ground in the morning and write plays in the
           | evening.
           | 
           | The difference is that the rock-digging is primarily _for
           | myself and my family_ , rather than for shareholders. Would
           | "brainy" people need a higher level of mental stimulation if
           | they were doing road-building work on their own street? I
           | certainly wouldn't be happy as a truck driver, but I could
           | easily work as a truck driver for a month straight if the
           | reward was significant time off that I could spend with my
           | family and friends.
           | 
           | I'm not doing a great job at explaining this- a lot of people
           | have been trained to believe in the necessary division of
           | labor, but their belief that they could never do manual labor
           | allows the overlords of society to keep everyone in the rat
           | race. If you think you could never work in a textile factory
           | because you need more mental stimulation than that, then you
           | won't ever consider a vision of society where you help
           | produce textiles.
           | 
           | If people really want a ten-hour work week, we need to be
           | building everything that we use in our society for ourselves,
           | not relying on serfs in foreign countries to do the grunt
           | work while we do "stimulating work", i.e. building elaborate
           | processes for white collar companies providing services that
           | we don't actually need.
        
             | nobodyandproud wrote:
             | I really dig the comment about serfs.
             | 
             | We've done a great job of hiding-away slavery in the name
             | of consumerism and "uplifting" third world economies.
             | 
             | Instead, I would love to see a world where repair and reuse
             | is the norm.
             | 
             | And chasing after the largest/outrageous/most-
             | expensive/trendiest is nothing short of embarrassing.
        
               | NoOneNew wrote:
               | I watched a thing on youtube regarding luxury goods
               | manufacturers as the ultimate slave makers. Not because
               | of the obvious sweat shops, but because they can convince
               | smart/rich people that they're still inadequate and need
               | to work even more so they can buy whatever the hell is
               | being pushed. I thought it was an interesting concept,
               | not 100% onboard, but interesting.
        
           | javajosh wrote:
           | The real truth is that brainy people need a way to blow off
           | that brainy steam, and it kinda doesn't matter if it's
           | designing a novel WMD or playing a board-game.
           | 
           | I'd argue on that basis that stimulating board-games can save
           | the world.
        
             | kevinventullo wrote:
             | I occasionally ponder whether this is the purpose of
             | funding pure mathematics.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | Another reason is this:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unreasonable_Effectiven
               | ess...
        
           | rjbwork wrote:
           | If I could make the kind of money I make in software doing
           | some kind of hands on manual labor I'd be all over it,
           | honestly. Or maybe I'm just romanticizing.
        
             | quacked wrote:
             | Do you mean "make the kind of money", or "live the kind of
             | lifestyle"?
             | 
             | In order to provide you with the lifestyle you take for
             | granted, several million actions must be undertaken by
             | people around the globe (drill for oil, watch hospital
             | patients, build N95 masks, etc). My question is- how many
             | of those actions could be undertaken by people who consider
             | themselves "brainy", the completion of which would
             | guarantee a similar lifestyle to those same brainy people?
             | 
             | I know this is a little utopian- I don't have a full stack
             | solution made up- but when your street gets a pothole, some
             | man comes out and fixes it in the hot sun. Why don't you
             | fix it? Well, you don't have the tools, or the expertise,
             | or the legal right to do it. Furthermore, you don't have
             | the _time_ to do it, because you work 40-60 hours per week
             | yourself at a white collar job (I 'm assuming, given you're
             | on HN during the workday). Many people think that someone's
             | full-time "job" should be fixing potholes, and so people
             | think "well I'd never fix potholes, I don't want that as my
             | career". But wouldn't you learn how to fix potholes if you
             | only had to fix potholes when they showed up near you,
             | instead of for 40-60 hours per week every week?
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Fixing potholes properly so that they stay fixed requires
               | some specialized equipment. It's not the kind of stuff
               | that everyone can keep in the corner of their garage. I
               | certainly don't want random neighbors doing it because
               | they'll end up making the situation worse for everyone.
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | Jesus Christ, this is like trying to convince the blind
               | men that the elephant exists. What, do you think it takes
               | a lifetime of practice to operate specialized equipment?
               | They send a crew of high school dropouts and semi-fluent
               | immigrants to do the potholes in my street and the
               | potholes are fixed just fine.
               | 
               | You can walk on to a pothole crew and be considered a
               | functional crew member inside a single season. Sure, I
               | don't want you fixing my potholes because you don't know
               | how to do it, but if I happened to live next to those
               | pothole guys, I'd be happy with my neighbors fixing my
               | potholes. Now, let's assess the difference between them
               | and you: they have at least a few hundred hours of
               | pothole repair practice, and you don't. It's too bad that
               | you're incapable of learning how to do that.
               | 
               | I bet you think that good grades are important, don't
               | you? Without grades, you never know what kind of
               | unqualified whack job might start Microsoft, Oracle,
               | Apple, Whole Foods, Uber, Dell, Dropbox... that's why we
               | need those pothole guys to only ever work on potholes-
               | you never know what kind of whack job might start
               | jackhammering your street and "making the situation worse
               | for everyone else".
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > They send a crew of high school dropouts and semi-
               | fluent immigrants to do the potholes in my street and the
               | potholes are fixed just fine.
               | 
               | That's not really fixing the potholes, they're basically
               | putting a band-aid on it and calling it a day. "Fixing" a
               | pot-holed street in a long-term sense may require
               | literally rebuilding that piece of the street from the
               | ground up.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | It's been 100 degrees here for a month. I wouldn't want any
             | kind of an outdoor job here right now, not for any amount
             | of money.
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | But you still think that someone should do outdoor jobs
               | where you live. Why them and not you? Their jobs are open
               | to you, but your job is not open to them.
               | 
               | How do you reconcile expecting the rewards of other
               | people's labor if you wouldn't be willing to do the same
               | labor yourself?
        
               | brippalcharrid wrote:
               | They probably aren't willing to do outdoor work _in the
               | cicumstances_ , seeing as they have previously delayed a
               | lot of gratification by spending time and money
               | developing skills that now enable them to do work in an
               | air-conditioned office in a field that they find
               | intellectually stimulating, with good remuneration. If
               | they hadn't made good use of the opportunities that life
               | had presented them with, if they were dealt a bad hand in
               | life, or if the developed world was plunged into a new
               | dark age, then I'm sure they would be more than happy to
               | till the earth, tend to livestock or perform tree surgery
               | if that was what it took to avert starvation or penury.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | How am I "expecting the rewards of their labor"?
               | 
               | And, reversing your logic: If my job is not open to them
               | (presumably because they don't have the skills), and I do
               | their job, who's going to do mine? They aren't. And they
               | aren't going to do their job, either, because I took it.
               | How does that make anything better?
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | Outdoor jobs: growing food, infrastructure repair, dock
               | loading, police work, etc. If there's a big crash on the
               | highway and it's 100 degrees out, someone's still got to
               | go direct traffic, clean up the glass, etc. If you expect
               | the cleanup to happen, you expect someone to do the
               | cleanup, therefore you are expecting the rewards of the
               | labor of people who do outdoor jobs.
               | 
               | My apologies for not explaining my own thoughts clearly,
               | but when you and I say "job", we're talking about two
               | different concepts. You are talking about a 261-day/year
               | 8-hour/day commitment to a set group of tasks, and I am
               | talking about "the collection of tasks that end up
               | providing a quantity of goods or service" without any of
               | the expectations that it's full-time or year-round
               | attached to it. This may seem like an asinine
               | distinction, but I'm not proposing a vision of society
               | where you leave your current profession and work full-
               | time at some mundane outdoor job, but rather a vision of
               | society where you are capable of rendering some
               | assistance in order to offset the bulk of labor required
               | to produce the goods and services that unpleasant "non-
               | brainy" jobs currently produce. I don't want you to give
               | up your current amount of free time, or your medical
               | care, or your access to entertainment and food, but
               | neither do I want you to remain satisfied that other non-
               | smart people labor for you while you do smart-guy stuff
               | that you enjoy.
               | 
               | If you could learn the tasks that they perform, you
               | theoretically could offset the amount of time they have
               | to spend outside by occasionally performing those tasks.
               | It likely wouldn't take away from your ability to perform
               | the tasks at your current "job", whatever that may be.
               | 
               | I am not a socialist or a communist, and as I've said in
               | another comment I don't really have a full-stack solution
               | built out in my head that would make all of this
               | magically work out, but it seems very wrong to me that
               | the electronic-gentry portion of society is comprised of
               | people sitting in air-conditioned offices thinking "god,
               | I'd never work outside", but still tweeting angrily when
               | the power goes out during a heat wave and the city
               | employees don't fix it fast enough.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | > but it seems very wrong to me that the electronic-
               | gentry portion of society is comprised of people sitting
               | in air-conditioned offices thinking "god, I'd never work
               | outside"
               | 
               | I had a part time job planting trees in high school. I
               | knew I got into a good university and part of me was
               | feeling like I was privileged to be able to go to college
               | when the other people I was working with might not have
               | the same opportunity.
               | 
               | But then I heard one of them say "thank God I'll be
               | graduating soon and won't have to do school work
               | anymore."
               | 
               | And realized they had zero interest in pursuing the path
               | I was on.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | So there's a crash on the freeway, and someone needs to
               | direct traffic. Yeah, I could probably do that, if I
               | needed to. I even _would_ , if I thought it needed doing,
               | until actual authorities showed up.
               | 
               | But, to use your other example, the power goes out. You
               | don't really want amateur me trying to restore the power.
               | You want a professional doing that, because it's much
               | more likely to work, and much less likely to have
               | negative consequences. So having me "render assistance"
               | is not likely to be either welcome or useful.
               | 
               | In the same way, you don't want me wandering around a
               | construction site looking to be helpful. I'd be more
               | likely to get killed than to do much good.
               | 
               | So... Yes, I'm willing to pitch in, outside, if needed.
               | No, for many jobs you don't actually want me doing that,
               | no matter how much sympathy we have for the people having
               | to work out in the heat.
               | 
               | And none of that takes anything away from my initial
               | point, which is that no, I don't wish that I did manual
               | labor outside instead of my nice air-conditioned job.
               | Right now I'm really grateful for my nice indoor cubical
               | farm.
               | 
               | If you want to go anywhere with this, maybe the direction
               | is that we ought to pay people better who have to work
               | outside, rather than paying them less than indoor people.
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | But your conception of "amateur you" is fed by your
               | (again, I'm assuming) 16 years in school, when you could
               | have spent 200 of those hours learning how to clean up
               | freeway crashes. You don't _have_ to be an amateur,
               | unless you accept that as your station in life. You 're
               | correct that I don't want <you as you exist in the
               | present> to repair power lines, but I have full faith
               | that if you set your mind to it and had the right access
               | to training you could learn how to repair power lines, or
               | at least provide entry-level assistance to a power-line-
               | repair master.
               | 
               | Just as you went from unskilled in your domain to skilled
               | in your domain, so could you theoretically go from
               | unskilled in construction to skilled in construction. I
               | know you don't want to become an expert in construction,
               | but how much of that want is based in the fact that in
               | the current build of society, the only way to become a
               | construction expert is to accept years of low pay in
               | terrible conditions with awful coworkers in 100-degree-
               | heat? Don't you think that somehow, using the combined
               | man- and brain-power of the billions of people alive, we
               | could form some kind of society where you might be able
               | to learn and perform some construction without needing to
               | accept the complete sacrifice of your quality of life to
               | do it?
               | 
               | The problem with "paying people better to work outside"
               | is that the entire concept of paying people to do
               | anything, ie rewarding people with money, require that
               | the most unpleasant jobs be done by people who must
               | choose between the job and starvation/exposure or
               | violence (serfs or slaves). That's why the easiest, most
               | brutal jobs are always done by the lowest-IQ immigrants.
               | If you were to pay them more, per your suggestion, the
               | price of the reward of their labor goes up (berries go
               | from $6/carton to $38/carton), the demand for the reward
               | of their labor goes down, and they get laid off and are
               | back to having no way to secure food, shelter, and
               | medical care. (There are some exceptions to this rule;
               | construction workers in the US are usually decently-
               | compensated, but the US is an anomaly because we subsist
               | based on the efforts of serfs and slaves in Asia, who
               | mine and refine our rare earth minerals, assemble our
               | tech, etc.)
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | Why is his/her job not open to "them"?
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | IQ, education experience, the oppression of society, take
               | your pick. Take an average programmer and an average
               | backhoe operator. Give them both 120 hours to train at
               | each other's jobs, monitored by an expert. Who will be a
               | more suitable replacement for the other?
               | 
               | As a writer I like said- "you get upset when a toll booth
               | operator takes a long time to count your change, but if
               | they could count change, they'd be an engineer like you
               | are."
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | Well, yes, software engineer takes a lot more than 120
               | hours of training to do that job.
               | 
               | But that's not to say if you gave the backhoe operator
               | the same number of years experience learning programming
               | as the software engineer, they wouldn't be just as good
               | at software development.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | >How do you reconcile expecting the rewards of other
               | people's labor if you wouldn't be willing to do the same
               | labor yourself?
               | 
               | I pay them directly for their labor, as simple as that. I
               | guess I'm not sure what the confusion is. Everyone wants
               | the best job they can get given their skills and luck.
               | Nobody is going to be shoveling asphalt in the sun for
               | fun if their part time astrophysicist gig covers their
               | expenses.
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | Everyone has been tricked into believing that the best
               | use of their time is to "get the best job", and the "job"
               | is working at a hyper-specialized set of tasks, day-in,
               | day-out. They claw at each other like crabs, dismayed
               | when they lose a position, elated when they eke out a few
               | more dollars or gain an extra few days of free time as
               | they shuffle jobs. On HN, there's an archetypal hero's
               | ascendency crawl where you finally find that $300k
               | product manager job and retire at 45 with crazy stock
               | options.
               | 
               | It's a slave mentality. Do you believe that we, the
               | people in society, set up the component parts of society
               | and thus have the right to rebuild those component parts
               | as it suits us, or do you believe that concepts like
               | "jobs" and "laws" are naturally occurring phenomena that
               | we are owned by?
               | 
               | I am immune to the siren call of endless improvements in
               | the amount of money I receive. I have reached a high
               | enough standard of living that I don't need any more
               | goods or services than I already can get, and I'm not
               | particularly rich as far as Americans go (about 65th
               | percentile according to a recent income distribution
               | calculator).
               | 
               | My goal is to convince as many people as I can to start
               | thinking about what quality of life they would be
               | satisfied with, figure out what labor and materials are
               | required of them and their community to provide that
               | quality of life, and then cut everything else out of the
               | picture. We don't need the rat race, we don't need our
               | elders worrying about how they'll afford the doctor, we
               | don't need people working 80 hour weeks at minimum wage
               | so they can afford a crappy apartment. We just need the
               | materials and the labor.
               | 
               | The more people buy into "I've got to get the best job"
               | mentality, the more impossible realizing any sort of
               | overall improvement in our labor-time-to-reward ratio is.
               | 
               | (I know I sound like a communist, but I don't believe in
               | the labor theory of value, and most self-described
               | communists I talk to call me a right-wing extremist.)
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | So I 100% agree with everything you said, but don't see
               | how it connects to the points you raise above.
               | 
               | As you say, people should think long and hard about their
               | life goals, and in my opinion, would probably be happier
               | with a different work life balance where they can afford
               | it.
               | 
               | However, I don't see a world in which I would work part
               | time at a job less enjoyable with worse pay than my
               | current one. I would rather optimize to work the minimum
               | hours at the best compensated job I can find. (e.g. why
               | work 50-50% at white collar job and terrible job, when I
               | can just work 51% at the white collar job).
               | 
               | Sure, there are major challenges to most people doing
               | this, but removing those barriers is a lot more realistic
               | that introducing job swapping that people don't even
               | want. The simple place to fix the problem is uncouple
               | health and other benefits from employers. The current
               | system discourages part time work because employers have
               | fixed costs per employee. Once you break this link, more
               | people will work part time.
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | Hm, well, I appreciate you pointing out that you agree
               | with me, I got snippy in another response to you on a
               | different comment chain.
               | 
               | I still don't think I've successfully explained this
               | concept of changing the job-as-endless-labor to job-to-
               | produce-specific-amount.
               | 
               | Have you ever gone out and built something for yourself,
               | like a shed?
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | >Have you ever gone out and built something for yourself,
               | like a shed?
               | 
               | Yes, I love building things for myself and my friends,
               | but I wouldn't want to do it as a low paying job. In
               | fact, doing it as a job would give me less time and money
               | to do it for myself and friends. For me, that is just
               | hopping off one economic hamster wheel and onto another.
               | My job is complex and hard enough as it is, doubling the
               | required skills and cutting the time to learn them sounds
               | horrible. I'm fully aware that sharing jobs might be more
               | attractive for the guy shoveling asphalt 100% of the time
               | 
               | > I got snippy in another response to you on a different
               | comment chain.
               | 
               | No worries, at lets to me it seems like you are engaging
               | in good faith, listening to answers, and responding to
               | what people are saying instead of talking past them. I
               | can live with a little snippiness as long as people are
               | coherent.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | I've done manual labor. If I could work in software despite
             | only by _not_ making any more than I would in manual labor,
             | I'd still work in software.
             | 
             | And that's even before considering the way management and
             | coworker selfishness and ineptitude becomes a physical
             | safety threat rather than an irritation.
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | In high school, I had a job driving a tractor and planting
             | grass seed for a summer. I was working with a couple
             | gentlemen near retirement age.
             | 
             | I made a comment one day about how this wasn't so bad,
             | getting physical activity, breathing fresh air.
             | 
             | They told me to get a job in a nice air conditioned office.
             | I wouldn't want to still be doing this when I was their
             | age.
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | I've said it in a few other comments- everyone has a
               | very, very standard rat-race vision of what a "job" is.
               | You, other commenters that are downvoting me, and the
               | gentlemen you worked with all have the conception that a
               | "job" must be a 40-hour/week, 261 day/year commitment to
               | a set of tasks. (I'm not sure that you agree with them or
               | not, based on what you said.)
               | 
               | I do not agree that society must be set up in this
               | manner. Each job produces a good or a service. In order
               | to produce that good or service, a certain amount of raw
               | materials and a certain number of skilled labor hours
               | must be expended to produce it. It is more efficient,
               | from a scaling perspective, to hyper-specialize and make
               | the same people do the same drudgery day-in-day-out,
               | which is why those gentlemen were stuck in that job. The
               | market makers demanded efficiency, and things fell into
               | place such that those gentlemen were pigeonholed into
               | being grass-planters.
               | 
               | The point that I am making is that there isn't any
               | particular reason (besides an incessant demand for
               | shareholder value in dollars) that the raw materials and
               | skilled labor hours must be allocated in the caste-method
               | that we currently use in modern society. Those guys have
               | to plant grass all day every day because if they don't,
               | they can't buy food, afford shelter, have a doctor look
               | at them, or receive medical supplies. I am certain that
               | we must find a way to look past this system to achieve
               | any of the high-minded goals that people like to argue
               | over, like the 4-hour workweek, or equitable education,
               | or mass literacy, or an end to hunger, or...
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | Sorry, but finding your arguments a little silly.
               | 
               | > The point that I am making is that there isn't any
               | particular reason (besides an incessant demand for
               | shareholder value in dollars) that the raw materials and
               | skilled labor hours must be allocated in the caste-method
               | that we currently use in modern society.
               | 
               | Maybe, but you don't have any strategy for changing the
               | current system, or what kind of system should replace it,
               | or how to demonstrate that system will be better than the
               | one we have now.
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | That is a fair criticism; I don't have a perfect solution
               | built out right now, so I can't paint you a picture of
               | how a theoretical nation full of well-educated laborers
               | and farmers building things and providing for themselves
               | would look in comparison to our current nation, where
               | everyone barely struggles to hang on financially as
               | citizens of the wealthiest empire in the history of
               | civilization.
               | 
               | I am finding it particularly difficult to convince people
               | that they should even look past the current system. If
               | you read through other comments on other chains in this
               | thread, people are trying to explain to me that I could
               | never convince someone to work half-time at a white
               | collar job (where they endlessly produce code and then
               | clock out) and half-time at a blue-collar job (where they
               | endlessly shovel asphalt and then clock out), while at
               | the same time I'm trying to convince them that it's
               | possible to create an equilibrium of demand with output
               | by simultaneously reducing aggregate demand and moving
               | around aggregate output. If there's an end goal to your
               | labor- produce this much and then stop producing until
               | repairs or new units are needed- you don't have to _work_
               | all the time at these horrible jobs.
               | 
               | Right now, people work in white collar jobs in order to
               | justify their right to the results of the blue collar
               | jobs. If you don't write code, you can't afford the
               | berries that Driscoll's ships to your grocery store, so
               | you write code and make $150k/year, and you buy your $6
               | carton of berries, and the migrant berry pickers make
               | $18k/year, and the truck driver makes $80k/year. But
               | you're the end user of the berries; if you instead knew
               | how to pick or knew how to drive, you might have a chance
               | at getting the berries to your table without needing
               | quasi-slave labor.
               | 
               | I don't want to live in a country where I get stuff-
               | materials, goods, etc.- from people who are always
               | struggling. We can't just UBI our way to luxury space
               | communism, because then no one will pick the berries,
               | because right now the "berry-picking job" is defined as
               | "12 hours per day in and out of the hot sun".
               | 
               | This is what I'm trying to say- find some way to make
               | sure that I can provide myself with shelter and see a
               | doctor when I need to, and I'll go pick the damn berries
               | and drive them back myself. Many seem to be responding
               | with "no, that's impossible."
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Specialization and increased efficiency is exactly what
               | leads to the high minded goals you mention.
               | 
               | >4-hour workweek, or equitable education, or mass
               | literacy, or an end to hunger.
               | 
               | It also allows the guy shoveling asphalt in the sun to
               | live in an air conditioned house with fancy electronics
               | and medical care.
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | Huh, I didn't realize that we didn't have any issues in
               | the US with people having AC in their house or receiving
               | medical care.
               | 
               | Come on, man. This is simple. I recently got a $10,000
               | hospital bill for an ultrasound, for which insurance
               | decided I owed $1800. It doesn't cost $10,000 for an
               | ultrasound, that's a made up ratio calculated by
               | accountants trying to maximize their firm's ROI. An
               | ultrasound costs {materials, refinement, assembly,
               | shipping, and operation}, none of which require anyone to
               | work constantly; the market has simply set it up that way
               | because everyone working constantly yields great market
               | valuations in the system that the owners of the markets
               | set up.
               | 
               | A comfortable life-shelter, food, clothing, medicine,
               | border security- for you, me, the asphalt guy, and
               | everyone else does not require all of the labor hours
               | that are presently expended in the world.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | >Huh, I didn't realize that we didn't have any issues in
               | the US with people having AC in their house or receiving
               | medical care.
               | 
               | It happens, but the asphalt guy probably has coverage,
               | like 92% of Americans. [1] There are a long list of
               | simple solutions that can increase this percent _and_
               | bring costs down, but people working less isn 't on it as
               | far as I'm concerned. I just don't see the connection.
               | 
               | >A comfortable life-shelter, food, clothing, medicine,
               | border security- for you, me, the asphalt guy, and
               | everyone else does not require all of the labor hours
               | that are presently expended in the world
               | 
               | If anything, bringing the costs of goods down and
               | increasing access to them will _increase_ the number of
               | labor hours needed. More and cheaper ultrasounds means
               | more {materials, refinement, assembly, shipping, and
               | operation}, not less.
               | 
               | https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2020/demo/p60
               | -27...
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | I think we're agreeing here too, and that's the point of
               | my main comment. If we both agree that more ultrasounds
               | may be needed, then let me stop on this hedonic treadmill
               | of producing slight increases in code efficiency or
               | tapping new markets that don't need to be tapped, and
               | just work on the ultrasounds.
               | 
               | I don't need fast foods restaurants, television,
               | professional sports, overnight shipping, cheap
               | smartphones, endless software updates, new computers, new
               | cars, etc. Cut the parasitic, hedonic treadmill of
               | consumption and you free up billions of labor hours that
               | could instead work on {materials, refine, assembly,
               | shipping, and operation} and then just go home afterwards
               | and talk to their families or work on their own projects.
               | 
               | Apparently there are presently 9.82 million unemployed
               | Americans. Cut the ones that can't work (either because
               | of character issues or because of disability issues), add
               | the rest to the pile of people theoretically freed up by
               | no longer producing piles and piles of useless crap and
               | entertainment, and you've got a tremendous amount of
               | intellectual capital available to work on real goods and
               | services.
               | 
               | There's an indoctrination aspect to this; people would
               | have to be convinced that they don't need all this crap,
               | and I admit that's a hard sell.
        
               | Scalestein wrote:
               | I agree with your general outlook but would also question
               | why we need to make "efficiency" a goal to be attained at
               | all costs. Why not rotate who does the drudgery jobs so
               | no-one gets stuck doing it day in and out? It might be
               | less efficient but everyone would appreciate the work
               | that needs to be done more and no-one would be pigeon
               | holed. What sort of efficiency loss is that worth?
               | 
               | As long as we prioritize economic efficiency there will
               | be an never ending treadmill of improving efficiency.
               | Until we start bringing human factors into the equation
               | we will stay on this path.
        
         | ArkanExplorer wrote:
         | That's basically a society without mass immigration - manual
         | labour becomes more expensive, so educated people spend their
         | time automating tasks and inventing and operating robots.
        
           | quacked wrote:
           | That is one of the many reasons I oppose mass immigration; a
           | constant influx of new people makes it far, far more
           | difficult for a single locality to figure out how best to
           | reduce its own demand and come to a reasonably stable local
           | identity, with an attached reasonable level of demand for
           | goods and services.
        
             | dane-pgp wrote:
             | Do you also oppose people having more than 2 children? At
             | what point does "immigration" become "mass immigration"?
        
               | quacked wrote:
               | > Do you also oppose people having more than 2 children?
               | 
               | Yeah, if you want to keep the aggregate demand of your
               | society consistent, it makes sense to have fewer than 2
               | children. (I don't necessarily support government
               | prevention people having more than two children, but a
               | really self-aware group of humans wouldn't spawn
               | uncontrollably.)
               | 
               | > At what point does "immigration" become "mass
               | immigration"
               | 
               | The fact that you're asking me that question implies that
               | my definition is drastically different than your
               | definition. So- I think we can agree that if the entire
               | population of Omaha, Nebraska (475,000) moved over the
               | span of one month to Tahiti (280,000), that could be
               | called "mass immigration", with disastrous consequences
               | for the local culture, politics, ecosystem, etc. So, if
               | you'd call that "mass immigration", which I think you'd
               | be foolish not to, what about that makes it "mass
               | immigration"? Whatever your definition is, it'll be
               | different from mine.
        
         | jimbokun wrote:
         | I don't think the issue is brainy people doing those jobs per
         | se, it's brainy people spending years and a small fortune for a
         | degree, and then end up performing that kind of work anyways.
         | 
         | I would guess working class white people in the 1950s US were
         | overall more content than today, even though many fewer of them
         | had college degrees. They were happy performing "sustenance
         | work", because they were able to start those jobs out of high
         | school, support a family, buy a house, etc.
         | 
         | (Massive caveat for the people who were excluded from this
         | system back then.)
        
         | bjourne wrote:
         | Sure, but what you are listing are a far cry from what actually
         | _menial_ jobs are. Fruit picking, burger flipping,
         | telemarketing.. Those jobs are menial on a whole other level
         | than, say, construction work.
        
       | petermcneeley wrote:
       | In the Star Trek future isnt everyone basically a Phd? I always
       | thought this is what we wanted? Perhaps the issue is elsewhere.
        
         | NoOneNew wrote:
         | Yes, we should basis reality on a fictional story... totally
         | makes sense. If we're going to go that route, I say we start
         | throwing politicians in volcanos as the starting point. It
         | worked against Sauron.
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | >"I say we start throwing politicians in volcanoes as the
           | starting point."
           | 
           | Maybe you're on to something....
           | 
           | Jokes aside, whenever people point to "Star Trek" as an
           | example of post-scarcity society I recoil at just how over-
           | simplified and not well thought out the comparison is.
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | Anytime anyone posits post-scarcity society I cringe a
             | little. Human wants are infinite; atoms on Earth are finite
             | (and take considerable time and energy to move around).
        
             | petermcneeley wrote:
             | So what % of the population was farmers in 1500? probably
             | like 80%. Today its 2%. Eventually a similar thing has and
             | will happen to all manufacturing. Today we have instead
             | millions of programmers and teachers etc etc. This trend
             | towards increased education is due to the technological
             | support structure.
             | 
             | If you run this trend forward even 50 years what jobs do
             | you really think will exist that wont basically be
             | scientifically or academically inclined?
        
               | NoOneNew wrote:
               | Except trends dont account for humanity and general shit
               | hitting the fan. We are living in the safest times ever.
               | Even the world wars aren't enough to topple off the last
               | 100 years are the safest in human history, on average. We
               | are due for a massive war or two really soon if we are
               | relying on trends. Covid is a small, kinky lovetap on the
               | ass when it comes to pandemics of the past. Most
               | countries haven't seen a famine in like 2 or 3
               | generations. What we saw the last 1.5 years wasn't
               | famine, just hoarding mixed with logistical failures.
               | 
               | Intersaller is probably more on the mark. Blight striking
               | nearly every staple food is the real horror in the night.
               | Cavendish bananas are under massive threat of a fungal
               | disease wiping them out, forever. The same thing can
               | happen at anytime to other overproduced mono-crops.
               | 
               | But then let's take humanity at it's current state. If
               | everyone believes working with their hands is beneath
               | them, are we really going to reach automation peak?
               | Ignoring the scifi fantasy of skynet ai, you really think
               | there wont be exploitation? The one thing humans are
               | brilliant at, it's exploiting a system. You have to
               | pacify a human to stop them from min-maxing. It's what we
               | do. We are already seeing the adverse affects of too many
               | systems online. Ransomware is not a problem, it's a
               | goddamn well oiled industry. The future luddite wont just
               | break a loom or two. They can stop fuel for tens of
               | millions of people. Turn off cooling/heating to homes.
               | And if wireless bots run farms... well, I dont think you
               | need a good imagination to figure out what will happen
               | there.
        
             | NoOneNew wrote:
             | I mean, it's not like it's bad to daydream the "what if",
             | then work backwards to see if it's even possible in the
             | real world... but what irks me is how anyone imagines any
             | form of gov, society, or industry just needs a Thanos snap
             | to fix them. Like Jesus Christ, watch an overview video
             | that explains the difficulty of grocery store logistics.
             | That's a sliver of the difficulty to run a city, state,
             | province, country or the goddamn planet. To imagine a
             | writer or two, with zero political, business or logistics
             | background "figured it out"... I won't use the r word only
             | because that insults the mentally handicapped with how
             | stupid this line of thinking is. We're talking about the
             | same people who get basic physics and electronics wrong on
             | their show all the time. "Its okay, we figured out how to
             | create the perfect society in our fictional tv show." And
             | people take it seriously... these same folks should watch
             | Vikings and vote for that society to be implemented. I'd
             | enjoy that.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | Totally agree.
               | 
               | I do find this illuminating, though, because if someone
               | fundamentally believes problems are caused by a lack of
               | resources - or more specifically a _lack of access_ to
               | resources - then it makes perfect sense to them to think
               | post-scarcity will be a paradise. They 're looking at the
               | problems in a fundamentally different way than you or I
               | are.
        
               | NoOneNew wrote:
               | A long time ago, when the whole reality tv thing was
               | taking off, there were a lot of those rich wife of
               | wherever shows. You want post-scarcity examples, check
               | out them bitches. A coworker back then told me he thinks
               | it has something to do with no real problems, thus
               | they're bored. That boredom from real, actual problems,
               | causes people to be... well, batshit crazy. 10+ years
               | later, I see it repeatedly in real life. If you have no
               | strenuous issues, you turn either crazy or a depressive
               | lump. Humans need difficult goals. Making sure you have
               | good livable conditions is an easy one, but obviously
               | this shouldn't be insanely difficult either. I also
               | believe that's why men at a certain age are perpetually
               | doing home improvements. It fulfills that instinctual
               | need to strive for better living conditions. I think
               | other lofty goals are important too. But this is a
               | massively huge topic beyond HN posts.
        
         | ozim wrote:
         | I would say if you have space faring society and you put them
         | on star ships like the Enterprise, you put those Phds on the
         | super expensive ships.
         | 
         | In the "Star Trek" you don't see broad society, sometimes you
         | see normal people, but series is mostly officers.
         | 
         | You don't want Phds only society because that is a lot of
         | waste. From my point of view bachelors or engineering degree is
         | mostly what will be needed in the future.
         | 
         | Because for me Phds are mostly on thought level of someone who
         | has done bachelor. Staying in academia is a career choice and
         | not that you are chosen to become Phd because you were super
         | smarter than others. It also turns out that to be successful
         | Phd it is more about politics at the university that "beeing
         | ultra smart". True that you still have to be smart to play
         | politics but don't have to point fingers at stupid politicians
         | that handle that as well without having even masters degree.
        
         | actually_a_dog wrote:
         | If you mean literally the future depicted by _Star Trek_ ,
         | then, certainly not. It's not stated for sure, but I'd bet
         | money on the activity directors on Risa [0] not having PhDs or
         | equivalent.
         | 
         | But, if, by " _Star Trek_ future, " you just mean a post-
         | scarcity future, then, maybe? There would be no reason everyone
         | should _need_ to be a PhD, but also no reason why everyone
         | _couldn 't_ be [1].
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | [0]: https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Risa
         | 
         | [1]: Everyone with the intellectual capacity, that is. One
         | certainly wouldn't expect severely developmentally delayed
         | individuals to possess graduate-level knowledge of any subject.
         | Gradeflation only goes so far. :-P
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | In the _actual space program of the time_ pretty much everyone
         | was a Ph.D. as well as a peak physical specimen.
         | 
         | In _Star Trek_ 's future, space travel is commonplace and there
         | are almost certainly non-experts in starship crew roles; Ensign
         | Redshirt, who gets killed by the planetside monster, probably
         | doesn't have an advanced degree.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | That's been a major source of unrest in some of the Arab
       | countries, notably Egypt. They overproduced university grads
       | without an economy that could use them.
       | 
       | This is not a new observation. Eric Hoffer made it in "Working
       | and Thinking on the Waterfront" (1959).
        
       | ElViajero wrote:
       | This is a very elitist and narrow way to look at society. It
       | advocates to have an uneducated underclass that would not have
       | the tools to improve or protest their situation.
       | 
       | Brave New World is a good book to understand why this is a bad
       | idea. It seems that Orwell and Huxley books are being used as
       | manuals instead of the cautionary tale that they are.
        
         | david38 wrote:
         | Look at most planned utopian societies. They crash and burn
         | because everyone wants to be a leader / thinker, not a doer, at
         | least not of non-interesting stuff.
         | 
         | The title is bad. You can be brainy and do menial work. Really,
         | too many people who think they are above non-fulfilling work is
         | bad. You need people who are used to selling their minds and
         | bodies for money- in the "I work here because I have a family
         | to support" sense of the word.
        
           | bjourne wrote:
           | If society "need" people to do non-fullfilling work it should
           | compensate them well for it. Amazon need people to do menial
           | work at starvation wages so that Jeff Bezos can grow his
           | fortune, but that is not a societal need.
        
             | ozim wrote:
             | Well I would like to point your attention to one little
             | fact.
             | 
             | Jeff Bezos is not buying crap on Amazon and he is not
             | demanding lowest prices or free delivery.
             | 
             | Amazon needs people to do menial work at starvation wages
             | so that bunch of other people with money to spend on crap
             | from overseas could do it for cheap.
             | 
             | Seems that having cheap crap from Asia is a societal need.
             | 
             | Not defending anyone, just taking a different point of view
             | into consideration.
        
               | bjourne wrote:
               | But that is not true. Skimming a few billions of Bezos'
               | fortune would be enough to give all Amazon employee's a
               | hefty raise for years to come.
        
           | da_chicken wrote:
           | > You can be brainy and do menial work.
           | 
           | Yes, it's called "programming".
           | 
           | At least 80% of programming is menial. _At least_. The
           | interesting bit where you understand the problem and find the
           | best solution virtually always takes far less time than
           | actually banging through the code. nevermind documenting it,
           | testing it, etc. The hardest part is simply _not screwing
           | up_.
           | 
           | I feel blessed if 5% of my day involves actual critical
           | thinking.
        
           | seph-reed wrote:
           | Community is usually the thing that makes a menial job feel
           | meaningful.
        
             | NoOneNew wrote:
             | That's one ingredient, sure. But speaking as a millennial,
             | there was plenty of propaganda in American schools that
             | made it seem like if you weren't working in an office, you
             | failed at life. Now we have people who worked in offices
             | throughout their 20s, running and screaming from those
             | office jobs to discover that there is fulfillment in real
             | work.
             | 
             | Problem is, lots of people still believe having callouses
             | on your hands make you a second class citizen or sub-human
             | since your opinion no longer matters.
             | 
             | And labourous jobs dont need community to be fulfilling.
             | Lots of folks enjoy work working, house renovation and
             | their own property maintenance for their own benefit. That
             | and it's a free workout a lot of times.
        
           | justicezyx wrote:
           | > they are above non-fulfilling work
           | 
           | I think there are a lot of fullfilling work. Certainly more
           | than the man power and resources our society can meaningfully
           | assigned to them.
           | 
           | But the problem is that the system forces upon a lot of
           | members a rather distasteful attitude and practical matters
           | that drive them away. Often, one would find certain things
           | lacking monetary rewards are fullfilling, but were drove off
           | because they are in a social circle that exerts pressure.
           | This actually happen more often in China than US.
           | 
           | For example, one is forced to earn money for their
           | offsprings. But to do that one is allowed to do a lot of work
           | that is not really fullfilling by design. Like coding for
           | people to click ads. I am not saying all of the work done for
           | people to click ads are not fullfilling, it's just the
           | percentage is clearly larger than what we want, and is
           | growing still.
           | 
           | From the system thinking perspective, the time for
           | rethinking, _a little bit_ about changing the social
           | rewarding system probably is worthwhile.
        
         | sjwalter wrote:
         | Brave New World was not written initially as a dystopia. Huxley
         | was a member of the elite and was writing what amounted to a
         | pamphlet of where we were all going, influenced along the way
         | by the writings of Carroll (Tragedy & Hope), who told the tale
         | of the elite cabal of banksters and other social engineers and
         | how their various iterations formed and dispersed, their
         | history, in sum.
         | 
         | Huxley's editor said it'd never sell, so he added the plotline
         | from the perspective of one man who wanted to break free and
         | made the entire thing dystopic.
         | 
         | I believe the signs are all there that many of the real Team
         | Elite really do want Brave New World-esque domination, with a
         | tiny group of truly free elite managing the masses as though
         | they were cattle.
        
         | atq2119 wrote:
         | Can't we take the same analysis to drive alternative
         | conclusions instead?
         | 
         | For example, why not remove or weaken the reasons why people
         | want to be part of the elite in the first place, perhaps by
         | eliminating it.
        
         | axguscbklp wrote:
         | The Economist really misrepresents Turchin's theory by framing
         | it as an issue of there being too many "brainy" people.
         | Turchin's theory has more to do with overproduction of
         | university degree holders, not with overproduction of smart
         | people. Those are two different things. As far as I know,
         | Turchin is not advocating for maintaining some sort of
         | exploited underclass. More than 30% of U.S. adults have at
         | least a bachelor's degree - about double the fraction that had
         | one 40 years ago - which means that a bachelor's degree has
         | limited value as a badge for gaining entrance to the higher
         | strata of society. Note that this is independent of the
         | question of whether it is good or bad for university degrees to
         | be badges for entrance to the higher strata of society. In any
         | case, the relative social value of a university education has
         | massively dropped over the years.
        
         | minikites wrote:
         | >It advocates to have an uneducated underclass that would not
         | have the tools to improve or protest their situation.
         | 
         | How is this different from the current incarnation of global
         | capitalism?
        
         | sudhirj wrote:
         | Not quite the way I'm reading it. It's a variation on "if
         | everyone wants to be a leader, who's going to follow" line. If
         | the entire population wants to be doctors, we already know
         | that's not going to work. And if everyone finds out they can't
         | be a doctor after 10 years of medical school, where the amount
         | of time and money spent has now created a sense of entitlement
         | to the life of a doctor, the people are going to be pretty
         | pissed off when you ask them to be fruit pickers or sanitation
         | workers instead. Same goes for lawyers, engineers or any other
         | profession that has a supply-demand imbalance.
        
           | whoisburbansky wrote:
           | Is it better to have an undersupply of doctors leading to
           | overworked doctors and generally worse medical outcomes or to
           | have an oversupply, with some of the excess going on to do,
           | e.g. research or administration? Exactly matching supply and
           | demand is practically impossible, so which side is it safer
           | to err on?
        
             | wcunning wrote:
             | It's obviously better to have a, say, 1% oversupply than a
             | 1% undersupply, but that's not an interesting question to
             | answer, really. The better question would be: is it better
             | to have a 1% undersupply than a 15% oversupply? (Or some
             | other larger and less obvious mismatch) It would be clearly
             | bad to paperclip-optimize doctors -- everyone must go
             | through all 10 years of post-secondary education to be a
             | doctor and then after they have done so, we will be pick
             | the best 3% of them to be practicing doctors while telling
             | everyone else to find another career is incredibly
             | wasteful, as is anything significantly in that vein.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | It's rather meaningless to talk about oversupply or
               | undersupply of doctors. Demand for healthcare services is
               | effectively infinite. The problem is that we burn up most
               | healthcare resources on treating preventable chronic
               | diseases, and on futile end-of-life care.
               | 
               | Rather than on supplying more doctors we would probably
               | get better results for society as a whole with more
               | dieticians, personal trainers, and substance abuse
               | counselors.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | An important consideration is that those doctors could have
             | been something else.
             | 
             | If you buy into the notion that intelligence follows a
             | normal distribution, and that people below some threshold
             | are fundamentally locked out of professions, then it
             | becomes important how society allocates that top x% of
             | intelligent people, because they are in short supply.
             | 
             | A society that underproduces physicists in favor of doctors
             | might find their economy is unable to grow rapidly enough
             | to pay for the hospitals those doctors need to operate in.
             | One that overproduces amazing musicians might find that
             | their cultural influence helps to attract smart people from
             | other countries.
             | 
             | We see this issue in America too. Where hedge funds are
             | paying extremely intelligent people tens of millions of
             | dollars annually to program computers that essentially play
             | games in the stock market with the programs written by
             | other hedge funds. That isn't exactly the kind of behavior
             | that will lead to the technological improvements our
             | society will need to continue to grow.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | Oversupply of lawyers seems to be a better example.
           | 
           | Lots of lawyers in the legislative, constantly creating new
           | laws that drive need for more lawyers ... but of course up to
           | a point, and some of the graduates will find they cannot pass
           | the bar exam or progress towards the coveted positions.
           | 
           | Suddenly you have some very unhappy people who know enough
           | about the law to do some real harm to the system out of
           | spite.
        
       | igorkraw wrote:
       | I kind of have an issue that when faced with a steep rise in
       | educated people who find that there is no room for them in the
       | old structures and thus are frustrated, we blame and
       | "overproduction" of educated people and not the old structures.
       | Even the naming tries to force that framing.
       | 
       | Apply this to the time when most people couldn't read and you
       | were a dangerous radical if you taught workers, blacks and women
       | how to read because they would "no longer be content with their
       | place in life". I think _most_ people on this site would agree
       | that keeping people uneducated just so they don 't start
       | realizing how unfair their lot is would be morally wrong and that
       | the correct option is right the unfairness...right?
        
         | axguscbklp wrote:
         | There is a huge difference there though. Teaching people to
         | read actually does make them enormously more educated. On the
         | other hand, putting people through university does not
         | necessarily make people even slightly more educated. Most
         | people I know who are university graduates are not what I would
         | call educated in any real sense and I doubt that they were
         | significantly more educated when they left university than when
         | they entered it.
         | 
         | BTW, I did not downvote you. I do not know who did, but
         | personally I do not downvote.
        
           | igorkraw wrote:
           | I don't really care about the downvotes.
           | 
           | But this meme that university likely doesn't teach you
           | anything...it's so baffling to me, like, university does. It
           | imply smarts, but not everyone who went to highschool reads
           | and I feel like at least on this website people should get
           | intervention effectiveness and probability etc. Just because
           | university education isn't ideal and people might disagree
           | whether the education people receive there is useful or
           | marketable doesn't change the fact that if you graduate from
           | a serious university or community colleague it is _likely_
           | you 'll have learned self management skills as well as
           | whatever was in your classes.
           | 
           | I've once seen a talk by a German soldier coming back from
           | Afghanistan and he talked about what big difference it maae
           | that in Germany almost _everyone_ trains their ability to
           | focus on someone speaking for 30+ minutes, discussing how he
           | had to learn to triple check his local co-soldiers who hadn
           | 't had that luxury actually got the mission briefing. Even if
           | you just learn to binge learn and puke out knowledge in tests
           | that can come in quite handy later on, and the often maligned
           | humanities actually _matter_ if you are interested in a
           | nuanced and continually evolving look of humans onto
           | themselves. So I find this meme that university is worthless
           | quite damaging and not really trustworthy. People can be
           | uncultured swine, idiots and dicks at any educational level,
           | it doesn 't necessarily mean they didn't benefit from their
           | education.
           | 
           | The fact that the US puts you heavily into debt to get that
           | education is another question that I'll leave untouched here
           | since dang asked me repeatedly to steer clear of predictable
           | controversies
        
       | TechBro8615 wrote:
       | Maybe we need to bump the definition of "elite" so that so many
       | self-aggrandizing academics don't self-select into it. The
       | problem is not an overproduction of elites but one of consumers
       | and followers. The world needs more builders.
        
       | Lavery wrote:
       | Lots of comments here on the causal side of elite production, but
       | just to float an alternate possibility:
       | 
       | This could just as easily be suggesting that "overproduction" of
       | elites is due to, some two decades prior, a creeping sense among
       | the populace of nascent but growing inequality and increased
       | stratification? Or put differently, "Grandpa worked in the plant
       | and made a good life for himself, and I work in the plant and
       | make a good life for my family too, but I see the writing on the
       | all and am going to make certain that my son or daughter becomes
       | a [lawyer/banker/software person/etc]". And the instability today
       | is just that initial rising inequality reaching fruition.
       | 
       | Something like that seems much more likely to me, that creeping
       | change exists that is palpable at the individual level, and
       | expressed through the emphasis given to the next generation.
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | We should consider another alternative - elite overproduction
         | correlated with very wealthy societies, and very wealthy
         | societies revert to the mean. So overproduction of elites
         | correlates to decline, and correlation is not causation.
         | 
         | And attaching my pet theory - China has transformed their
         | society, radically for the better, in 1 generation. As far as I
         | can tell the American press has taken no interest whatsoever in
         | seriously figuring out what happened beyond very surface level
         | analysis. Are the policies that worked in Asia even serious
         | contenders for implementation in America?
        
         | imbnwa wrote:
         | 70s through 90s wiped the blue collar middle class off the map,
         | there are no other options outside of non-MD healthcare work if
         | you want income that even begins to keep up with inflation. Its
         | gigs and part-time work from there.
         | 
         | Edit: to be clear, I'm agreeing and saying people definitely
         | had time to see the writing on the wall
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | This aligns with the experience I and my parents had growing up
         | in the US. My grandparents worked in factories and did
         | relatively well for themselves, living in the same town in
         | Connecticut that their grandparents worked in as farmers 2
         | generations prior. They had the notion that factory life wasn't
         | wear the future was and pushed my parents to go to college in
         | the 70s.
         | 
         | By the time I was growing up in the 90s and 00s just 2 towns
         | over the very notion of factory work as a viable career had
         | vanished. Everyone was prepped to live in a 2-tier system of
         | college goers and those who weren't heading to college.
         | 
         | Flash forward to now and it turns out that it was only certain
         | types of college that paid off and everyone else went into
         | unstable service jobs or unstable non-technical disciplines.
         | 
         | If we're building a meritocracy that feels like a lottery
         | people are going to be angry. If it works like a lottery, then
         | the people with the most tickets are going to win every time.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | Increased stratification is largely driven by rewards to
         | _technical_ skills, and technical training /STEM degrees are
         | not the main source of "elite overproduction" by any stretch.
         | Quite to the contrary, this is basically all coming from an
         | extremely traditional idea of education (some would say many
         | centuries or even thousand years old) positing that there's
         | some sort of inherent merit to being an "intellectual"
         | (whatever that might mean) being "socially aware" (again, a
         | very fuzzy idea) or musing about "the human condition", even
         | whilst actual technical merit is broadly disparaged as
         | "beneath" one's perceived station.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | Increased stratification started when incomes decoupled from
           | productivity growth in ~1979. That was caused by a wave of
           | union busting.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | I'm puzzled by this comment. You're seemingly trying to
             | explain a secular trend sweeping across the Western world
             | by pointing to a single short-term event that occurred in
             | the U.S. and was but tangentially related to what's
             | actually going on (returns to highly skilled labor have
             | been going up, not down as we might expect from union
             | busting activity!) That doesn't really make much sense,
             | tbh.
        
               | PicassoCTs wrote:
               | The causal event for that was the discovery that the USSR
               | was a hollow giant and the red scare not based in
               | reality. After that communism lost alot of its fear-
               | factor and a take-over was becoming ever more unlikely.
        
             | 1cvmask wrote:
             | It also corresponded with massive illegal and legal
             | immigration entering the labor force of over 50 million
             | individuals (unions were always against immigration for the
             | labor supply competition reason). In addition, there was
             | not a commensurate increase in housing stock in many urban
             | centers and areas leading to more of your income swallowed
             | by rich landlords.
        
           | beaconstudios wrote:
           | >STEM degrees are not the main source of "elite
           | overproduction" by any stretch.
           | 
           | How many of today's billionaires have a tech background?
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | That's not what "elite overproduction" theory refers to.
             | "Elites" means people with PhDs who can't get academic
             | jobs.
        
         | bilbo0s wrote:
         | Insightful comment.
         | 
         | How would anyone possibly change the perception that you have
         | to be a lawyer or MBA or you're useless? When looked at the way
         | you suggest, this problem is enormous. I'm not sure we'd ever
         | solve it. We just have to accommodate ourselves to a society
         | with lawyers, MBAs, and software people everywhere.
        
           | wombatmobile wrote:
           | The different between a lawyer and an engineer is that one
           | creates new means of production which grow the pie, and the
           | other procures pieces of pie.
        
       | qntty wrote:
       | https://archive.is/HrVFy
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | I'd just like to point out that enormous numbers of people doing
       | basic, physical, labor today would be considered highly educated
       | and worldly were they dropped into anywhere in the world up to
       | about the end of the 15th century. Worse, many of the facts they
       | just know from pre-school or watching Sesame Street would be
       | considered heretical and dangerous and land them in trouble in
       | short order.
       | 
       | Brainy is completely relative.
        
         | chacha2 wrote:
         | "I see in the fight club the strongest and smartest men who've
         | ever lived. I see all this potential and I see squandering. God
         | damn it, an entire generation pumping gas, waiting tables,
         | slaves with white collars, advertising has us chasing cars and
         | clothes, working jobs we hate so we can buy shit we don't need.
         | We're the middle children of the history man, no purpose or
         | place, we have no Great war, no Great depression, our great war
         | is a spiritual war, our great depression is our lives, we've
         | been all raised by television to believe that one day we'd all
         | be millionaires and movie gods and rock stars, but we won't and
         | we're slowly learning that fact. and we're very very pissed
         | off."
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | They would be considered mad and certainly not educated; an
         | educated person of that time would have a good command of
         | Latin, which we do not teach anymore.
         | 
         | Standards for "looking educated" shift all the time.
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | While this is true compared to past societies, the only frame
         | that matters for us right now is the present. Relatively
         | speaking, I am also fabulously wealthy and I eat better than
         | Kings. But I still rent a one bedroom apartment and can't
         | afford a home.
        
       | ozim wrote:
       | Being smart does not equal being rich. Being rich does not mean
       | being elite. Being elite is always "extraordinarily difficult" -
       | from getting "advanced degree" there is still long way to being
       | "elite".
       | 
       | Having a degree does not mean one is smart, it does not mean
       | someone will get a job. Maybe we should put more effort into
       | explaining life to people or actually start making them smart
       | instead of "smart". If people would be really smart they would
       | know how much effort is needed to become elite in any discipline.
       | 
       | I have another article:
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2016-12-22/if-you...
        
         | cherryturnover wrote:
         | I personally feel like college institutions get way too much
         | freedom to act as predatory as they do regarding student loans
         | and education. So many 18 year olds are told to go to college
         | and get a degree only to come out a 22 year old with no work
         | skills or legitimate life experience unless they were fortunate
         | enough to get an internship. Then they have to eventually
         | either swallow their pride and work a garbage paying job for a
         | while or get lucky working for somewhere that actually pays
         | decently in wage and/or experience.
         | 
         | I'm currently a return student, and based off of the data my
         | school collected for the 2019 year, the top majors were:
         | Business Administration, Psychology, Biology, Organizational
         | Leadership, and Nursing.
         | 
         | General business degrees are as worthless as english degrees.
         | They don't teach you anything about actual business and you
         | will not be able to just get a job. You'd have a better shot
         | beating out external candidates applying from within at a low
         | level position...almost every time. Psych and Bio,
         | predominantly taken by females at my school (almost 80%).
         | Again, another worthless field unless you go on to get a MS or
         | Ph.D...of which none at this school do because it's a very low
         | end state school. So there's another thing schools forget to
         | mention about certain degrees. The next one is a general
         | business degree for online transfer students at most schools in
         | the area who just want to check off a "I have a Bachelors" box
         | at application time. Then Nursing (again, predominantly women)
         | which is actually a very hard field to pass but is basically a
         | golden ticket to employment universally here. But that doesn't
         | even hold a candle to those 4 ahead of it.
         | 
         | This base set of data shows that schools are marketing toward
         | the undecided crowd or the people without the jaded
         | understanding that real life can be a bitch. It doesn't care
         | what you think should be the rules. And these schools take
         | extreme advantage of it. Not to mention these schools get tax
         | payer funding but have virtually no oversight as to how the
         | school runs things. The head chair of my Comp Sci department is
         | a guy with a Ph.D in physics! I know that's fairly normal, but
         | it's pretty ridiculous that this guy is making decisions on us
         | having to take an AI class over advanced database
         | administration or making InfoSec students know OOP and
         | programming.
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | Institutions have embedded growth obligations they can't meet,
       | and thus are forced to lie to everyone to stay alive. Is it
       | really surprising that all the people lied to might be upset when
       | they don't get to live the life they were promised?
        
       | majormajor wrote:
       | The article cites the election of Trump and Brexit as evidence
       | for too many people having degrees that they aren't able to fully
       | utilize, supposedly confirming a prediction from Turchin in 2010,
       | but... as far as I've read, neither of those things were driven
       | by the advanced-degree-holding crowd. The "angry populist masses"
       | are the ones without college education!
        
         | sjwalter wrote:
         | > The "angry populist masses" are the ones without college
         | education
         | 
         | Portland's seemingly endless supply of white, elitist
         | anarchists would like a word with you.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > The "angry populist masses" are the ones without college
         | education!
         | 
         | The "angry populist masses" are (one set of) the people being
         | driven by propaganda, not the people driving it.
        
         | dane-pgp wrote:
         | It was Michael Gove, the education minister and Vote Leave
         | figurehead, who said in 2016: "I think the people of this
         | country have had enough of experts"[0].
         | 
         | This line of thinking is beautifully conveyed in a satirical
         | drawing by Will McPhail that appeared in the 2017-01-02 issue
         | of _The New Yorker_ with the caption  "These smug pilots have
         | lost touch with regular passengers like us. Who thinks I should
         | fly the plane?".[1]
         | 
         | Another satirical drawing from 2016 seems to capture a similar
         | pathology, where the character starts by saying "I want things
         | to be different".[2]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.london.edu/think/who-needs-experts
         | 
         | [1] https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/01/06/trump-
         | cart...
         | 
         | [2] https://webcomicname.com/post/152958755984
        
       | 1MachineElf wrote:
       | Luke Smith talks about the same topic from the perspective of
       | early 20th century economist Joseph Schumpeter:
       | https://youtu.be/SYUgTzT79ww
        
         | 1MachineElf wrote:
         | At about 29m45s into the video
        
       | cherryturnover wrote:
       | I've always read that it's not too many smart people, but too
       | many unemployed middle class people.
        
       | jdhn wrote:
       | When there's "blue collar overproduction" due to outsourcing and
       | automation of manufacturing jobs, it's not a big deal because
       | they can just learn to code, but when there's "elite
       | overproduction" we need to wring our hands and talk about how
       | this is terrible? Sorry, but I'm not buying it.
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | The Economist can't quite bring itself to say that educated
         | proletarians are more of a political threat to the real elites
         | (their target audience) than uneducated proletarians.
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | The needlessly exclusive nature of the Ivy League underpins a
       | gross fear of the elites in the egality of education.
       | 
       | America, for example, is a socialist nation as soon as your
       | income hits a certain level. They look out + take care of each
       | other in a generational fashion, at the same time advocating for
       | policies that preach individualism and divide.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Saying too many people are "brainier" than they are is probably
       | the real issue.
       | 
       | Turchin's prediction:
       | 
       | > "The next decade is likely to be a period of growing
       | instability in the United States and western Europe," he
       | asserted, pointing in part to the "overproduction of young
       | graduates with advanced degrees".
       | 
       | ...overlooks something key: they didn't produce an a new elite,
       | only "elitists," who never quite arrive. The resentment from
       | people who became middle class after graduating from debt funded
       | college is the result of how all that work didn't deliver on the
       | promise of upper-middle security. The Gen-X cliche of baristas
       | with masters degrees has simmered for a couple of decades, and it
       | has metastisized into a deep loathing for the working people
       | Gen-X grads haven't been able to differentiate themselves from,
       | and hence the "burn it all down," attitude you see in a lot of
       | them. The coders and general contractors who didn't go to
       | university who out earn and out-succeed grads is a real cultural
       | factor, and a big part of the U.S. red/blue divide.
       | 
       | If you look up Girard and "mimetic violence," you can get a
       | useful framework with predictive power on the dynamic they're
       | describing. The promise of college and debt was they would be
       | elevated into an elite, but of course, they weren't, and now
       | these smart-enough and educated people bitterly hate what they
       | call the "trash" and neighbors they still too-closely resemble,
       | and who the remaining elite confuses them with.
       | 
       | The political instability aspect of it in the article is that if
       | you want to see who is setting fires in cities and throwing rocks
       | at police, it's people with just enough security and social
       | capital to get away with it, but not enough to meet their self
       | image as legit members of the elites their educations allowed
       | them to percieve.
       | 
       | Brainy? No. Promised something and told it was because they were
       | brainy? Probably.
        
         | runnerup wrote:
         | > now these smart-enough and educated people bitterly hate what
         | they call the "trash" (which I guess are the middle class,
         | "general contractors", etc)
         | 
         | This isn't resonating with me. Generally I see those "baristas
         | with masters degrees" (which I viewed here as an alias for the
         | 60-70% of all degreed people who lean somewhat left) are
         | typically advocating for policies to help the working class. It
         | doesn't seem fueled by hatred for the working class.
         | 
         | Sincerely, a middle-class oilfield worker.
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | > they didn't produce an a new elite, only "elitists," who
         | never quite arrive. The resentment from people who became
         | middle class after graduating from debt funded college is the
         | result of how all that work didn't deliver on the promise of
         | upper-middle security. The Gen-X cliche of baristas with
         | masters degrees has simmered for a couple of decades, and it
         | has metastisized into a deep loathing for the working people
         | Gen-X grads haven't been able to differentiate themselves from
         | 
         | What were they expecting going into fields with no growth or
         | market?
         | 
         | > The coders and general contractors who didn't go to
         | university who out earn and out-succeed grads is a real
         | cultural factor
         | 
         | Our industry was built by drop-outs, so there's a certain
         | legend and expectation that the next Gates or Jobs will be one
         | of them, but they are rare to encounter in real life.
        
         | jmull wrote:
         | I don't think you're talking about Generation X. We were the
         | last generation where more higher education made sense/paid
         | off, on average. Also, the classism you describe seems
         | antithetical to general Gen X attitudes.
        
           | wombatpm wrote:
           | I was ready to burn it all down in the 80's when were living
           | with the spectre of nuclear war. Long before college and grad
           | school.
        
         | JPKab wrote:
         | Well said.
         | 
         | Anecdotally, the level of resentment I've seen from masters CS
         | grads towards more talented coders with no degree was pretty
         | epic at my last company. I've also seen this get pretty ugly in
         | the ML/deep learning community between the credentialed
         | academics and the practitioners.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | > from masters CS grads towards more talented coders with no
           | degree
           | 
           | A CS masters isn't necessarily signaling the right things [0]
           | [1]. Especially if it's a "terminal" master (and not someone
           | dropping out of a PhD).
           | 
           | > I've also seen this get pretty ugly in the ML/deep learning
           | community between the credentialed academics and the
           | practitioners.
           | 
           | Lots of institutions embarked on the ML bandwagon, but unless
           | the credentialed academics have connections/worked at a
           | serious lab, I much prefer practitioners.
           | 
           | [0] https://blog.alinelerner.com/how-different-is-a-b-s-in-
           | compu...
           | 
           | [1] https://ozwrites.com/masters/
        
           | api wrote:
           | I'm a self-taught coder, and I'll never forget years ago
           | someone with an MIT degree turning to me with a look of mild
           | indignation and saying "how do you know this stuff?"
        
           | annoyingnoob wrote:
           | I don't have a college degree. Though I usually get jobs
           | where I'm surrounded by people that have degrees or advanced
           | degrees. I can recall a particular startup where I was the
           | only person without a degree, the person that I worked for
           | had an advanced degree. This person that I worked for always
           | resented that I made about the same income without a degree.
           | There is no way I could have ever reached management in that
           | company without a degree - no matter how qualified or good,
           | because of elitist bias.
        
             | beaner wrote:
             | > This person that I worked for always resented that I made
             | about the same income without a degree.
             | 
             | How do you know this was the reason, or even that they
             | resented you at all?
        
               | annoyingnoob wrote:
               | The HR person let it slip to me one day that I was making
               | $5k less than my boss. My boss had made comments about my
               | salary given my position. We wanted to hire an
               | Engineering Manager from outside the company, this person
               | would not hire someone very qualified because he lacked a
               | degree. I mentioned something in passing one day, joking,
               | saying I wanted to be the CTO - this person told me
               | 'fine, go get a PhD'. No one was going to advance to be
               | equal to or beyond this person without an advanced
               | degree.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | You also see a lot of the opposite, tbh. Resentment in
           | general tends to be largely driven by personal attitudes,
           | regardless of one's actual circumstances.
        
             | toxik wrote:
             | Very true, and both sides are justified in their attitudes.
             | You're not necessarily better because you went to grad
             | school, but you might have learned some things that you
             | wouldn't know if you just programmed cool stuff.
             | 
             | I find two expressions of this: over reverent attitude
             | bordering on complete deference, and stubborn rejection of
             | anything that sounds vaguely complicated.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | >The coders and general contractors who didn't go to university
         | who out earn and out-succeed grads is a real cultural factor,
         | and a big part .of the U.S. red/blue divide.
         | 
         | Hardly. Those are just outliers. Even in spite of the college-
         | educated barista trope, which is a favorite of the media and
         | pundits when making a sweeping generalization about an entire
         | generation, the data has consistently shown that college grads
         | make more than high school grads and this gap has only widened
         | since 2008.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | quite a personal set of projections you have gathered there,
         | maybe you should become a barista?
        
       | InternetPerson wrote:
       | Are we overproducing elite? If so, I would like to know, because
       | this really impacts the decisions I make every day.
       | 
       | What are you guys gonna do? Keep producing elite, or no?
        
       | francisofascii wrote:
       | Also known as Elite overproduction
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elite_overproduction
        
         | busterarm wrote:
         | Yes, that is what the article is about. It even says so.
        
       | cat_plus_plus wrote:
       | Only if whatever enhances their intelligence also amplifies their
       | ambition, like in the Wraith of Khan. Which seems to be the
       | current direction of US education system. Foreign-educated tech
       | immigrants are not throwing any fireworks at rallies.
        
         | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
         | > Only if whatever enhances their intelligence also amplifies
         | their ambition
         | 
         | Or if it amplifies their entitlement. I wouldn't be surprised
         | if the more people spend of college, the more they expect in
         | return.
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | I think that's a given, isn't it? When most people (in the US
           | at least) are financing their education via loans if they're
           | going to take out increasingly larger loans they're going to
           | have to expect more in return in order to pay those loans
           | back. I don't know I would call that "entitlement" though.
        
             | cherryturnover wrote:
             | High Risk != High Reward. There are far too many college
             | educated people in the US that assume this. I walked in
             | getting my degree knowing full well I was paying simply for
             | the paper and the potential for getting a job in my field.
             | I didn't walk in like I did the first time getting my
             | associates degree believing I'd be making $50k upon
             | graduation.
        
             | meiraleal wrote:
             | To pay your own education is one part of the equation, to
             | be successful is still on you.
        
             | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
             | Heh, I was thinking about the entitlement in the normal
             | sense, but forgot it'd probably read as eNtITLEMenT in the
             | internet meme/political meme sense.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | > Wraith of Khan
         | 
         | I know this is just a typo/autocorrupt (and goodness knows I've
         | had plenty of those in my comments here, some spotted only
         | after the edit window closes), but this does sound like an plot
         | for either The Lower Decks or Rick & Morty.
         | 
         | But to your actual point: I agree, I don't think genius is
         | correlated with corrupted power. High-IQ watering holes like HN
         | and Less Wrong may be filled with people whose ambitions
         | include want to radically _change_ the world (and HN being part
         | of Y Combinator suggests a desire to get rich doing so), but
         | they don't give me the vibe of wanting to _rule_ it like the
         | character of Kahn.
        
           | handrous wrote:
           | > > Wraith of Khan
           | 
           | > [...] but this does sound like an plot for either The Lower
           | Decks or Rick & Morty.
           | 
           | Rick and Morty prefers starting with an existing title and
           | then cramming one (or more) of the character's names in,
           | whether it makes sense or not, and sometimes _avoiding_ a
           | more reasonable mutation for one that 's nonsense. In this
           | case, if they really wanted to use this title, I'd expect
           | them to end up with something like "The Rick of Khan" purely
           | so they could match the R sound on "wrath" and the dual
           | consonants at the end of the word.
           | 
           | Extreme, real example of this pattern from the current
           | season: "Mort Dinner Rick Andre". They've turned it into
           | grammatical nonsense so they can make some _very_ tenuous
           | word-sound connections (especially on  "with" -> "rick"--it's
           | there, but wow, that's a stretch)
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Sure, but I mean _the plot_ , not the title. A ghost of
             | changed-just-enough-to-avoid-copyright-infringement-but-
             | still-obvious Khan seeking revenge feels very much the sort
             | of thing they'd do.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | Ah, right, that makes sense.
        
           | willvarfar wrote:
           | Wrath of Khan Academy?
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Ring Wraith of Khan.
        
       | sarosh wrote:
       | This Economist article is from October of 2020. Peter Turchin is
       | not a historian. He is instead in the Department of Ecology and
       | Evolutionary Biology at the Universtiy of Connecticut. He
       | advocates for a field of 'cliodynamics' which tries to apply math
       | to meaningfully describe and predict social trends, especially
       | large ones such as collapse. The Nature article from about decade
       | ago: https://www.nature.com/articles/454034a A large project he
       | directs and uses to study this:
       | http://seshatdatabank.info/seshat-about-us/
       | 
       | Some descriptive work such as:
       | https://www.pnas.org/content/115/2/E144.full
       | 
       | Sone of the work [0] has been criticized on methodological
       | grounds [1] and some recent (2017) related work [2]. Finally, in
       | his own words, a comparison of Psychohistory and Cliodynamics
       | (2012) [3]
       | 
       | [0] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1043-4 [1]
       | https://github.com/babeheim/moralizing-gods-reanalysis [2]
       | https://www.pnas.org/content/114/30/7846.full [3]
       | http://peterturchin.com/cliodynamica/psychohistory-and-cliod...
        
         | javajosh wrote:
         | "Psychohistory" has a better ring to it than "cliodynamics",
         | IMHO.
        
           | justicezyx wrote:
           | Yup, I am reading Peter's historical dynamism, still light
           | years away from the psychohistory definition, but it's on the
           | direction and is a vast leap of the conventional history
           | study. Note that well before Peter's work, there were many
           | quantitative study of macro history trends. But I am an
           | outsider, and not an expert, so do your research if
           | interested. Starting from Peter and his works would be
           | fruitful route (I find Peter's book give much better
           | introduction to prior arts).
        
           | RobRivera wrote:
           | time to bulk record macro predictive analytics and schedule
           | them for release every century or so
        
             | cratermoon wrote:
             | Unfortunately, nobody has yet figured out a sure fire way
             | to get people to listen to predictions when they are made.
             | https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jul/05/sixty-
             | years-...
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | >"nobody has yet figured out a sure fire way to get
               | people to listen"
               | 
               | Have they tried force? /s
        
           | sudhirj wrote:
           | Came here to say this :). Especially with the Foundation TV
           | series coming out now this could almost be a PR stunt.
           | 
           | The thesis seems sound, though. When you have a large number
           | of people who have the aptitude and have invested heavily in
           | joining the ranks of the elite (both financially and time-
           | wise), and there's just not enough room at the top, what do
           | they do?
           | 
           | We see that in India with the rise of a huge number of
           | engineering colleges. There's a massive over-supply of
           | engineers, so people who have invested in a masters degree at
           | great cost and 5 to 6 years of studying wind up working in
           | vocational jobs that could have been done with a six-month
           | diploma / apprenticeship. They're not happy.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | The thesis is also nothing new, it was developed in quite
             | some depth by early 20th-century sociologists. It has since
             | become unpopular however, largely because the very notion
             | of identifiable "elites" inherently problematizes popular
             | and widespread notions such as democratic representation,
             | or social mobility.
        
             | FredPret wrote:
             | Sounds like an undersupply of entrepreneurs!
        
       | tamaharbor wrote:
       | Well, just look at Hacker News.... :-)
        
         | annoyingnoob wrote:
         | Don't discount how lucky many on HN have been. Its better to be
         | lucky than good or educated.
        
       | armatav wrote:
       | Yeah the problem is too many smart people, not the fucked up
       | financial systems, terrible education systems, degenerate media
       | cycles and huge bureaucracy, but that too many people are too
       | smart.
       | 
       | Yeah let's make sure we have an underclass of uneducated people
       | so they don't notice any of the problems, that will make sure
       | there is less "political instability".
        
         | axguscbklp wrote:
         | I think that the Economist headline misrepresents Turchin's
         | theory. The issue is not that there are too many smart people,
         | it is that there are too many university graduates who feel
         | entitled to a limited set of niches in the upper strata of
         | society. Those are two different things.
        
           | BB212 wrote:
           | I'm not even sure if he would argue that this is a bad thing?
           | 
           | I 100% think a society with a stratified lower caste could be
           | _more stable_ than one where everyone has equal resources -
           | but I don 't think that makes it better.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | It's a bad thing if people feel entitled to things they
             | cannot possibly have, of course. It's not even necessarily
             | about how resources are actually distributed, it's just
             | pointing out that we aren't supposed to be selling people a
             | false bill of goods. Of course people can strive to be
             | upwardly mobile and perhaps fail in these ambitions, but it
             | should be a very clear, voluntary choice.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | And reading between the lines, the issue is specifically that
           | there are too many university graduates with degrees of
           | "elite" image and prestige but very dubious usefulness
           | otherwise, that essentially set them up to fail in modern
           | society. An attitude of entitlement can be especially
           | unattractive to many employers, and many universities do not
           | exactly try to warn their students that they should avoid
           | this.
        
             | ozim wrote:
             | I agree it reads that universities making up marketing BS
             | are hurting people.
             | 
             | I think it is the same way of hurting people with YT
             | influencers, where they BS how their lifes are great but
             | never show real behind scenes.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | >a limited set of niches in the upper strata of society
           | 
           | Otherwise known as "owning a house" and not being buried in
           | student debt.
        
             | cherryturnover wrote:
             | Too many people believe those things are entitlements when
             | in fact they are tradeoffs. Like half my high school
             | graduating class dropped out of college or didn't even
             | start and many make decent wages or have dual income with a
             | significant other. Many of which own homes or live
             | decently. None of which demanded free rent and a college
             | education.
        
             | axguscbklp wrote:
             | Sure, but why should someone who goes to university and
             | studies, say, literature for 4 years feel more entitled to
             | owning a house than someone who, say, did not go to
             | university and instead read and studied literature on his
             | own for 4 years?
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | I would imagine both groups would consider themselves
               | equally worthy.
               | 
               | Where would you draw the line? Which classes of society
               | do you deem unworthy of home ownership other than the
               | aforementioned groups and (presumably) every group below
               | them?
        
               | axguscbklp wrote:
               | >Which classes of society do you deem unworthy of home
               | ownership other than the aforementioned groups and
               | (presumably) every group below them?
               | 
               | I do not know where you are getting this from. I have no
               | interest in drawing a line and I do not deem anyone to be
               | unworthy of home ownership.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | That's exactly the point of the comment above - own a
               | house you need to be an 'elite'. So people trying to
               | become 'elite' is really just people trying to own a
               | house and get a tiny bit of stability.
        
         | PicassoCTs wrote:
         | There is also the problem, that "hacking" the system is
         | rewarded higher then adding to the system.
         | 
         | If you get a job at wallstreet, gambling the system, you will
         | be higher rewarded in money and status, then if you joined a
         | lab that researched fusion or asteroid mining.
         | 
         | Worser still, society will communicate to you, that you are a
         | "sucker" for working so hard for so little.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | Elite does not necessarily equal smart, in this context.
         | 
         | (This comment doesn't make any sense after you edited your
         | comment. Weak sauce.)
        
           | iNane9000 wrote:
           | Exactly, educated doesn't mean schooled/credentialed. The
           | word for this is "discrimination"-- the more educated people
           | we produce the less discriminating our institutions must be.
           | If academia doesn't discriminate the few from the many, it's
           | non-functional. Colleges are not to educate the public,
           | they're supposed to advance human knowledge. These are
           | incongruent goals.
        
           | armatav wrote:
           | I edited it 5 seconds after posting it. You posted 20 minutes
           | after I posted it.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | maybe some smart people are at the root of those problems. The
         | huge bureaucracy is composed of mostly educated people. That
         | was his point even though I don't agree with him.
        
         | speeder wrote:
         | I read Turchin's site extensively... and I can say this is NOT
         | what this is about.
         | 
         | Turchin is talking about when you have too much elite in
         | general, not necessarily smart or educated elite, compared to
         | spots where the elite can fit, and then what happens because of
         | that.
         | 
         | This applies to any leadership role.
         | 
         | For example, what happens when there is only one Emperor spot,
         | but a handful of candidates?
         | 
         | They murder each other.
         | 
         | Now, what happens when you have THOUSANDS of candidates, as
         | China once did in the past?
         | 
         | Well... then you end with civil war, in China's case more than
         | once centuries-long civil war.
         | 
         | Now larger scale, what about non-king nobility? Like Dukes,
         | Counts, and so on? Again, same thing, if you have too many
         | nobles compared to physical places for them to rule, you end
         | with more and more wars, as the nobles without a fief start to
         | recruit people to attempt to take a fief by force or cunning.
         | 
         | Turchin mention advanced university degrees as a symptom of
         | this, in a world where nobility doesn't exist anymore
         | properly... what would be the USA equivalent of aristocrats or
         | king candidates?
         | 
         | ----
         | 
         | a non political example:
         | 
         | Suppose you have a military. What happens if you start to
         | promote a ton of people to be general? If you have 10 high
         | command spots, but 200 generals, how the 200 generals will sort
         | out what 10 of them will rule?
        
           | treeman79 wrote:
           | In college many years ago. I worked at a small pet store.
           | Managers wore red shirts rest of us blue.
           | 
           | Customer walked in, looked at 4 of us. Other 3 wore red I had
           | blue. Customer went to me as I was clearly the manager.
           | 
           | That was the day I realized 75% of the staff was managers.
        
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