[HN Gopher] How to get better at painting without painting anyth...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How to get better at painting without painting anything (2015)
        
       Author : intronextron
       Score  : 391 points
       Date   : 2021-07-05 06:59 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.learning-to-see.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.learning-to-see.co.uk)
        
       | shusaku wrote:
       | I'm not going to disagree with the author's main point, I'm sure
       | doing drills is very important. But I do question their personal
       | example. When I was in high school, I played a lot of go. But
       | then I stopped playing for a few years. When I started again,
       | after shaking off the rust I was a much better player. And I
       | wasn't doing any "drills" during those years of off time.
       | Sometimes I think we just need a fresh perspective on our
       | hobbies. So did the author improve because sketching is a drill?
       | Maybe even if they hadn't done that they still would have gotten
       | better.
        
         | ipaddr wrote:
         | You were practicing in your sleep.
        
         | cjohnson318 wrote:
         | I think his stress on the value of drawing is accurate. Art is
         | like programming, a large part is language agnostic and
         | transferable between languages.
         | 
         | With representational painting, the most important thing is to
         | have a good sketch underneath, then have a coherent value
         | design, and finally, have a good color design and brushwork. If
         | you didn't nail the perspective or proportion, everything else
         | is trash. Similarly, if you didn't nail your values, then no
         | amount of color or brushwork will save you.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | There's much to be said about taking rests / breaks to let your
         | brain process things without the repetition and pressure.
         | 
         | In a weird twist, I often find myself knowing more and being
         | more confident about previous (work related) projects after I'm
         | out of them, once I can look at things with hindsight and think
         | about them. And I realize how much I actually know about the
         | domain, to the point where I think "I should go back to that
         | project now" (even if it wouldn't actually work for me like
         | that).
        
         | toto444 wrote:
         | I had to stop rock climbing for a year due to personal
         | circumstances and to my surprise I was better when I went back
         | than when I was practicing 2 to 3 times a week.
         | 
         | I think when COVID is over and people really go back to
         | practicing their favourite sport, many will experience this.
        
         | dcx wrote:
         | The exact same thing just happened to me recently after a 10+
         | year break. Ranking systems seem to have shifted a little since
         | I last played, but I feel like I'm playing easily 3-5 kyu
         | better than I used to at my previous peak.
         | 
         | I think this is a different process, though. My sense is that
         | increased wisdom transfers very well to improvement in go. What
         | is making me better is a better ability to prioritise, make
         | judgments and tradeoffs, and manage risk, learned from the real
         | world. This is nice but orthogonal to the techniques for
         | improvement on a single skill.
         | 
         | During the period I first started playing, I did a little
         | exercise where I looked at the advice people give on how to get
         | stronger. What I found was that while you'll hear all kinds of
         | stuff thrown around, when you look specifically at what the
         | very strongest players (go professionals) say, you get a super
         | consistent answer: (1) do as much tsumego as you can stomach,
         | and (2) play as many teaching games as you can with the
         | strongest players you can find.
         | 
         | This directly translates to drill and scrimmage!
        
       | Cyril_HN wrote:
       | I think people forget that the purpose of performance is one of
       | two things:
       | 
       | 1. To perform for its own sake.
       | 
       | 2. To drill the specific skill of live performance.
       | 
       | If you don't want to do either of those things, it is not an
       | efficient way to improve. You must perform to hone the skill of
       | performance, but you should not perform to practice other skills.
       | 
       | Caveat: sometimes you can't drill multiple skills together and
       | performance is the only context where you can. However,
       | performing with that in mind is very different to performing
       | generally.
        
       | IncRnd wrote:
       | There was a reason John Wooden is still revered as John Wooden.
       | 
       | I was taught the difference between practice and play with a
       | different phrase, "perfect practice makes perfect." I've applied
       | that to every part of my life, because it's true.
        
       | kixiQu wrote:
       | Maybe this is just sticking out for me because I'm currently
       | working on my visual art skills, but -- making an illustration or
       | piece of visual art involves a lot of separate skills. It's like
       | if someone did a million algorithms problems in Python, then went
       | back to Java and touted the headline "I got better at Java
       | without writing Java". You got better at executing on the whole
       | thing you're trying to do in Java, sure, but your Java-specific
       | skills didn't get better, so -- what are we impressed by?
       | 
       | For any given person those algorithms problems might or might not
       | have been the _most_ helpful thing to sink effort into. I know a
       | _lot_ of artists struggle with issues that are _best_ addressed
       | by scrimmage-type practice, not drilling.  "It's the most
       | effective way to build your skills" is totally defensible for
       | _specific skills_ , not overall success. A lot of artists
       | _misidentify_ what the skills are they need to improve. Executing
       | on whole pieces forces you to reckon with your weak points, not
       | just iterate endlessly on the skill you think would be cool to be
       | super good at.
       | 
       | > Constantly performing without ever practising is how amateurs
       | approach things in other fields. Amateur golfers never drill,
       | they just play. And being an amateur is fine. Painting for a
       | hobby is fine.
       | 
       | This is honestly not true IME. Maybe realist oil painting draws a
       | different sort than the more illustrative creators I know of --
       | but I know so many people who sketch constantly but never step
       | beyond into more polished works because they're terrified of
       | their weak points.
       | 
       | Finally, "repeated mistakes" as a distinction between performance
       | and practice is just straw man nonsense. Wanting to improve
       | efficiently involves continuous iteration on what you're doing,
       | no matter what methods you're going about. Find me someone who
       | agrees with the idea that it's better to execute on whole works
       | _and_ that this constitutes accepting repeating your mistakes,
       | _or_ defend with some data the idea that drilling necessarily
       | involves more reevaluation of your progress (hint: I 've known
       | pianists ruin their tendons with technical exercises done wrong).
        
       | natmaka wrote:
       | This is not generic, it is not adequate for all disciplines.
       | 
       | Painting establishes a relation between the painter and static
       | entities (subject, colors...). They interact in many ways,
       | however the painter is the main 'motor' and 'will'.
       | 
       | Basketball is different because a player interacts with his
       | teammates and opponents, he isn't the sole will at play. However
       | I can see how experience may lead a coach to reckon that some
       | individual ways (types of actions or reactions) are statistically
       | better than other ones, either because their intrinsic rate of
       | success is higher or because they benefit from teamwork, leading
       | him to drill them in order to have them select the best ones and
       | apply them properly. It may create a "team of robots" (sort of!)
       | which may be crushed by an opponent team playing in a
       | deliberately unusual (albeit not absurd) way, established to
       | counter the particular automatic actions and reactions of the
       | "robot team".
       | 
       | Individual sports are different because there is no teamwork.
       | Combat sports are particularly interesting because you need to
       | scrim (spar) not simply to verify the effects of drills but in
       | order to learn what no drill can effectively teach you: a certain
       | mental state, coping with stress, simultaneously integrating many
       | dynamic blurry variables (related to time & space)...
       | 
       | Drill, barely spar and only use it to check what you gained from
       | drills, then hop on a ring against a person who spared
       | properly... and good luck to you (you will need it)!
        
         | blindmute wrote:
         | The person who drills 90% of the time and spars 10% will pretty
         | much always beat the reverse person. Sparring is for practicing
         | skills under real conditions. If you don't have those skills,
         | there's nothing to practice in the ring other than flailing
         | about and getting hit.
        
           | natmaka wrote:
           | > The person who drills 90% of the time and spars 10% will
           | pretty much always beat the reverse person
           | 
           | IMO this is true for beginners, then more and more the other
           | way around.
           | 
           | > Sparring is for practicing skills under real conditions. If
           | you don't have those skills, there's nothing to practice
           | 
           | I agree, and wrote "sparring becomes more and more
           | determinant as technical flaws become more rare".
        
             | blindmute wrote:
             | Kind of true, but for pros, sparring is also a drill.
             | Normally a sparring session focuses on a specific thing
             | they'd like to work on, because they've mastered everything
             | they can outside of the ring. They aren't doing a full
             | "performance" during sparring.
        
         | odshoifsdhfs wrote:
         | I did this in boxing. My coach was very fond of drills. I
         | remember my first week (5 trainings a week) he only taught and
         | drilled me how to move. No punchs, nothing. Just the various
         | movements, rotation, how to shift weight, etc.
         | 
         | I did it for about 3 months like this, with maybe, maybe a
         | 30-45 minute spar session per week (and at this time, I was
         | doing 3 trainings a day during week, 2 on saturdays).
         | 
         | Had my first fight around the 3-4 month mark and won it without
         | much difficulty.
         | 
         | I see this now that I am learning padel tennis. Been playing
         | for a year or so, but I hardly do any games, mainly
         | practise/drills with my coach (4 times a week). Maybe 2 games a
         | month. I started in September not even knowing how to play, to
         | surpass most people in my trainings, since the drills make me
         | play in games as I practise, since it was drilled so much,
         | while 95%+ of the people do one movement in practise, then get
         | to a game and change it all, reduce speed, or just hit it wrong
         | because they end up 'practising' more the matches with wrong
         | technique/no correction, vs the folks that repeat the same
         | movement 1000 times with correction. In a few months I may even
         | get my beginners coaching certificate.
         | 
         | As Bruce Lee said: "I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000
         | kicks once, but I fear the man who has practiced one kick
         | 10,000 times.
        
           | natmaka wrote:
           | ~3% of the time for sparring seems very low to me, even for a
           | beginner. 15% to 35% is AFAIK more common among competitors
           | (I practice Thai boxing).
           | 
           | Your first fight matchmaking may have been somewhat
           | imperfect(?), or you are gifted :-)
           | 
           | I'm not an expert but observed that the best way to progress
           | as a fighter, for most, is not by overwhelmingly drilling.
           | Drills are necessary, and may be the main component, however
           | to win bouts sparring becomes more and more determinant as
           | technical flaws become more rare.
           | 
           | AFAIK B. Lee said "A fighter who trains without sparring is
           | like a swimmer who hasn't immersed in the water" and
           | "Remember, actual sparring is the ultimate, and the training
           | is only a means toward this".
        
       | Nevermark wrote:
       | I see skill learning as a combination of understanding and
       | fluency.
       | 
       | Understanding requires time to play and explore something. It
       | enables slow but powerful problem solving into new territory.
       | 
       | But fluency requires practice. And it's benefit is quick and
       | accurate automatic responses, freeing up the brain to tackle
       | novel things much faster.
       | 
       | Together they work really well. and the repetition in obtaining
       | fluency can also push understanding deep into stable memory where
       | it will remain accessible years later.
       | 
       | I have seen a lot of education where only one side was
       | emphasized. When kids are pushed for time, neither side gets done
       | well.
       | 
       | I don't think anyone learning anything should move on to more
       | difficult tasks until they both really understand and become
       | fluent at the prerequisites.
       | 
       | But that would take education off it's cohort centered time
       | schedules. That system is so ingrained in most of our non-online
       | education systems.
        
       | praptak wrote:
       | If you want to start painting (or at least the subset of the
       | painting skills required to draw stuff), I suggest "Drawing on
       | the Right Side of the Brain" by Betty Edwards. It has some simple
       | drills and presents just enough of the underlying theory to make
       | you understand what the drills are for.
        
       | yesenadam wrote:
       | I don't think those pictures are "drill, not scrimmage", in that
       | they are themselves perfectly good works of art. Actually, I like
       | them more than his paintings, a lot more. Strange article, as if
       | he didn't notice the black and white works are art too.[0] He
       | never stopped practising art, making art.
       | 
       | [0] Well, not so strange in this world where ink drawings
       | generally/often/usually/popularly aren't considered Art in the
       | way oil paintings are. Imagine if piano music wasn't considered
       | real music, not like orchestral music!
        
         | nobody_nothing wrote:
         | > _I don 't think those pictures are "drill, not scrimmage", in
         | that they are themselves perfectly good works of art._
         | 
         | Agreed, but the author's ultimate desire was to make paintings,
         | not ink drawings, and therein lies the distinction between
         | drill and scrimmage (I think). For him, the ink drawings acted
         | as drills in service of the desired ultimate product (the
         | paintings).
         | 
         | For someone trying to get better at ink drawings, on the other
         | hand, those ink drawings would count as scrimmage -- and I
         | imagine the author would argue they should drill the sub-skills
         | that make a great ink drawer (pen work, composition,
         | perspective, shading, etc) separately from the ink drawings
         | themselves.
         | 
         | The artifacts produced by those drills may be beautiful, but
         | they're still "drills" because they represent only a subset of
         | the skills the author was ultimately after.
        
       | fma wrote:
       | If anyone wants more details, I'd recommend the following book...
       | Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise by Anders
       | Ericsson
        
       | Jakob wrote:
       | > Repeatedly doing it right
       | 
       | I have a funny story about that: When my sister struggled with
       | Math at school, I let her solve equations she struggled with.
       | 
       | Unbeknownst to her, every test equation I gave her was identical
       | to the previous one, but she didn't notice because she focussed
       | only on solving it.
       | 
       | After repeating this more than five times, she was astonished
       | that all results were equal. Between the 5th to 10th times of
       | solving that identical equation, she became very good at it.
       | 
       | Afterwards, I showed her that all equations were identical. She
       | aced the school test the following day.
        
         | extrememacaroni wrote:
         | The sister's name?
         | 
         | Albert Einstein.
        
           | ChoGGi wrote:
           | *Alberta
        
       | blindmute wrote:
       | I think it's unfortunate that drills in art have been culturally
       | moved away from recently. There is an active sentiment in the
       | amateur art community that drill is bad, and that you should just
       | draw/paint/whatever things that you enjoy, and you'll just
       | naturally improve over time. This is part of why you see
       | countless online artists who draw for thousands of hours and
       | still can barely manage a likeness.
       | 
       | There are very few activities for which scrimmage improves you
       | faster than drill. Whether it's sports, art, chess, video games,
       | cooking, or anything else, doing the actual activity is a
       | relatively poor way to improve at it.
        
       | skadamou wrote:
       | This is an aside but I recently studied for the MCAT and I think
       | my commitment to drilling Anki flash cards every single day was a
       | big factor in my success. I did full length practice tests and
       | practice problems too like they tell you to do but the amount of
       | focused knowledge I was able to cram into my head by rote
       | drilling w/ Anki really put me over the top. I'd never used Anki
       | before and the way it forces you to look at what you're bad at
       | over and over again until you get it right is very helpful.
       | 
       | I could image making an Anki deck of colors and using that to
       | drill color values as this author suggests could be really
       | useful.
        
       | MikeLumos wrote:
       | Recently I've been thinking the exact opposite things.
       | 
       | Many novice artists get too hung up on doing "exercises", because
       | they're easy, straightforward, and comfortable (compared to doing
       | the real thing). They waste a lot of time without improving all
       | that much, because repeating exercises out of context can quickly
       | become mindless, people tend to lose sight of the real purpose
       | (making good drawings/paintings), and instead keep drawing boxes
       | to "practice" perspective or get better at drawing straight
       | lines.
       | 
       | I think what you need is a combination of what he's calling
       | "scrimmage" and "drill".
       | 
       | To develop skills the fastest - try to do the thing that is as
       | close to the specific _real_ thing you want to do as possible. If
       | you want to design characters - spend most of your time designing
       | characters. You won 't find a way to grow faster than by doing
       | exactly what you want to get good at.
       | 
       | Then you can analyze your artwork, find the skills you're the
       | weakest at, and deliberately practice them. But still, do it in
       | the context of doing the real thing.
        
         | GistNoesis wrote:
         | While watching an acrobat show, I came to the realization that
         | there is probably a better way to develop skills.
         | 
         | These acrobats were realizing dangerous performances, where
         | mistakes must not happen even when doing the show thousands of
         | times. And also it must have been possible to practice it right
         | on the first time.
         | 
         | My answer to that is imagination, search for the proper
         | mindset, and switching to it.
         | 
         | You have to try to imagine the thinking of someone who can do
         | things naturally.
         | 
         | It's kinda like in "the pretender" TV-show. It's one layer of
         | indirection added to the more traditional "imitate the master"
         | practicing technique.
         | 
         | Some tasks are best handled when you have a specific internal
         | representation.
         | 
         | Often when you start from scratch, you don't have the right
         | one, and through experience, blood and sweat, you refine it
         | until you discover the representation that works well for the
         | task.
         | 
         | But when you have a representation that kind of work but is
         | missing something, you get stuck in plateau which practice
         | (both "scrimmage" and "drill") only reinforce.
         | 
         | For example, with our acrobats, are they visualizing the
         | actions in their head they are about to do ? Do they see
         | themselves in 3D as a first person character, or in third
         | player view ? Are they feeling the movements in their head ?
         | Can they do the movements without doing them ? Can they create
         | mental variations of the movements ? How do they handle the
         | motion blur that our novice eye experience ? How do they
         | evaluate the risks ?
         | 
         | Acrobats often are born into; and people do things without
         | knowing exactly how they do them. So you'll have to practice
         | observation to understand (how, why, when,...) they do what
         | they do.
         | 
         | While practice is still necessary, it becomes a mere reality
         | check for the performances you have mentally imagined doing a
         | thousand times.
        
           | egypturnash wrote:
           | Acrobats are also doing things like practicing with a lot of
           | padding and nets. And working up to the big dangerous stuff
           | by doing simpler versions.
           | 
           | I took pole dance classes for a while, for instance, and it
           | was only after a lot of practice that I was allowed to start
           | doing moves where I was upside down and hanging on to the
           | pole with my thighs. And the beginning of that involved just
           | lifting my ass over my head (after a lot of strengthening of
           | my abdominal muscles) and wrapping my legs around the pole,
           | and suffering through the pain of most of my weight suddenly
           | being on two tender little strips of flesh in my inner
           | thighs. Once they toughened up I could start doing more
           | interesting things.
        
       | wombatmobile wrote:
       | > The practice has changed my brain.
       | 
       | > Here's a few of the things that came off my easel since I got
       | back to painting again:
       | 
       | This might be informative if he showed us some old painting from
       | before he "changed his brain" so we can see the differences. But
       | he didn't, so we are left wondering.
        
       | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
       | Leetcode it is, then.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jtchang wrote:
       | Anyone who plays an instrument knows the value of drilling. Yes
       | it can be boring. But it is needed to get better. You really need
       | to get down to each note and make it perfect before you can play
       | the measure or piece.
        
       | Exuma wrote:
       | Surprised to see his blog here, I am a huge fan. He is very
       | excellent, and also his munsel color videos are very good.
        
       | chris_st wrote:
       | As much as I agree with a lot in this article, I _totally_ don 't
       | understand the "Code Kata" thing promoted by Uncle Bob Martin and
       | others. I understand drilling a specific skill in the arts, but
       | writing the same piece of code over and over just makes no sense
       | at all (and yeah, his example was solving the "Bowling Score"
       | problem every time).
       | 
       | So, anyone _do_ code katas and like /recommend them? If so, what
       | does it teach you? Do you do the same problem over and over, or
       | tackle different problems?
        
         | sha256kira wrote:
         | I dont like them per say, but they worked for me when I had to
         | learn data structures and algos under a lot of pressure. What I
         | noticed (and what I tell my students now) is that they can help
         | you get to a point where you get enough muscle memory to start
         | to watch yourself coding in real time and think critically
         | about what you're doing when your doing it.
        
         | tsumnia wrote:
         | I don't personally do katas, but I would recommend them. As a
         | disclaimer, I've written a research paper on the use of typing
         | exercises to help learn CS [1]. For typing exercises, I
         | consider it akin to building muscle memory at getting
         | comfortable with code syntax with a variety of examples. I look
         | at katas in a simple fashion, small scale problems designed to
         | get you comfortable with building mental models in your head.
         | There is also research out of Utah on giving super small coding
         | drills with good results [2].
         | 
         | When it comes to teaching it, the biggest hurdle is that you
         | need to build a lot of small, unique exercises. This is still
         | drilling, just now focusing on making the techniques flexible
         | to different problems. I use the analogy of drilling technique
         | in martial arts, but you could consider that training with a
         | different partner to understand how the technique works with a
         | new body type. The trick I've found useful is to collect a
         | number of textbooks to review when thinking up practice ideas.
         | If the textbook is good, it typically has "real world" examples
         | modeled with the topic - for example, one I built the other day
         | looked at creating bigrams from a list of words.
         | 
         | [1] https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3373165.3373177
         | 
         | [2] https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372782.3406259
        
           | chris_st wrote:
           | Excellent! I really like the idea of doing a lot of small,
           | unique exercises. Even something as simple as, "Okay, you
           | built a linked list of integers, now start from an empty file
           | and write a linked list of floats, then do the same for
           | structs (which is going to add some interesting complexity)."
        
             | tsumnia wrote:
             | Take a look at my [2] link then (Google Scholar or
             | ResearchGate have the PDF without a paywall)! John Edward's
             | group out of Utah made ~30 small exercises exactly like
             | that. "Make a loop the goes to 3", now "Make a loop that
             | goes to 4", now "Make a loop that goes from 2 to 4", ok now
             | "Loop from 4 to 1", etc.
             | 
             | And from my own work and Edwards, students enjoy these
             | types of practices. They seem trivial to us experts, but
             | they are appreciated by novices.
        
           | agustif wrote:
           | Interesting!
           | 
           | There's a SaaS that let's you do this https://typing.io/
        
             | tsumnia wrote:
             | There are a few that have adopted typing practice with code
             | (https://www.speedtyper.dev/ is another one). I think they
             | focus a little too much on training your typing speed
             | rather than helping expose new concepts/examples without
             | making them coding problems.
             | 
             | Either way, yes, practicing code writing without solving
             | coding problems does help learn CS concepts. I
             | conceptualize it as some of the issues with CS/coding comes
             | from "analysis paralysis" where you don't know what to do
             | and even though you were told "use a loop", you don't
             | really know what that means or are still struggling to know
             | how to implement a loop. Drilling these lower level
             | practices helps reduce that by saying "let's not worry
             | about problem solving for a second, let's just focus on you
             | getting comfortable with implementation". Then, there is
             | less hesitation because the student knows "use a loop"
             | means write out the syntax for the loop, THEN figure out
             | what you want to loop.
        
         | blindmute wrote:
         | I don't know why anyone would repeat the same code multiple
         | times, but I have found that practicing leetcode does actually
         | improve code skill, even when the coding job doesn't have any
         | complex algorithms. Just the practice of solving the algorithm
         | has carryover to normal work problems, which would make sense
         | as it's basically distilled code logic practice.
        
           | chris_st wrote:
           | Oh yeah, I can definitely see doing a lot of small, not-
           | necessarily-easy challenges as a way to improve. Even doing
           | the same one, but in a different way ("now use an array
           | instead of a linked list") would be good.
        
           | mceachen wrote:
           | Many coding challenges are great drill work: but if you can,
           | have your code read by someone else to ensure you're
           | practicing how to write readable, maintainable code.
           | 
           | Leetcode solutions seem to be regularly "golfed" into being
           | unreadable and intractable. Don't practice that!
           | 
           | At least in my experience, well-defined and functionally
           | isolated coding challenges rarely happen at work, though.
           | 
           | Another skill you'll need to hone is listening to your
           | userbase/business partners and translating what they're
           | saying into actual specifications.
           | 
           | Doing this adequately is a prerequisite to success.
           | 
           | Doing this well (hearing what they _need_ , separating the
           | "need" from the "how", and being imaginative in what a clean
           | implementation would look like) can both reduce what work is
           | needed now, and set up future success to be more likely.
        
             | chris_st wrote:
             | > _Leetcode solutions seem to be regularly "golfed" into
             | being unreadable and intractable. Don't practice that!_
             | 
             | AMEN!
        
       | mch82 wrote:
       | > I paint realism in oils, mostly still life.
       | 
       | I showed my grandma (98) a photo on an iPad. Her immediate
       | reaction: "there's no reason to paint realism anymore". The
       | method described in this article might work for realism in oils,
       | but please don't accept it as the exclusive way to create art.
       | 
       | Art is about understanding the tools you're using to create (for
       | example how paint mixes, moves, dries, interacts with a surface),
       | then choosing which tools to use and how to use those tools to
       | convey an experience to an audience. Art is about
       | experimentation, exploration, communication. Art is about
       | studying & talking with other artists to learn how they work, the
       | processes they use, how they solve problems; sometimes copying
       | them and then extending beyond.
       | 
       | My point of view on this developed as I studied art in high
       | school, through AP art, and then minored in fine art in college
       | alongside my engineering degree. Plus many hours painting with my
       | grandma and my mom.
        
         | khazhoux wrote:
         | > The method described in this article might work for realism
         | in oils, but please don't accept it as the exclusive way to
         | create art.
         | 
         | The method in this article applies universally to any art,
         | music, any creative endeavor, and frankly even non-creative
         | endeavors.
         | 
         | It can be reduced to this: take time to practice, improve, and
         | eventually excel at specific skills/techniques that comprise
         | your craft, with no regard for any sort of big picture during
         | this focused practice.
        
         | tweetle_beetle wrote:
         | > Art is about studying & talking with other artists to learn
         | how they work, the processes they use, how they solve problems;
         | 
         | Everything else makes sense to me, but isn't this a bit narrow?
         | It implies that all art is the search for some higher truth,
         | and that it can only be achieved as a communal effort. This
         | academic, analytical approach would seem to fit your personal
         | art career and that of many artists important to at history.
         | But surely there is still artistic truth in the individual
         | practising and experimenting for themselves, outside any scene
         | or context. There are also examples of people doing this who
         | are considered important to art.
        
           | mch82 wrote:
           | You're right. I didn't mean to imply otherwise.
        
         | test_epsilon wrote:
         | What were the remaining reasons to paint realism after
         | relatively cheap color photography came about ~100 years ago
         | and before the iPad was made, out of curiosity?
        
           | thatcat wrote:
           | There wasn't any really, surrealism and abstract art
           | developed slightly before that
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | This reminds me of the time I picked up a brush for the first
       | time in something like a decade and was surprised to find that
       | all the time I'd spent drawing stuff with my Wacom tablet meant
       | that I was able to put the ink exactly where I wanted it to,
       | while thinking a lot about how much pressure I was putting on the
       | brush to make its line width change organically. The last time
       | I'd used one was when I was still struggling with properly
       | constructing forms on the page.
       | 
       | You do a thing long enough and it sticks in your head in some
       | surprising ways. Though I wonder how much the constant churn of
       | this year's hot language and framework gets in the way of that
       | for programmers. I'm glad I went into art instead.
        
       | reikonomusha wrote:
       | All of this advice is equally true with practicing a musical
       | instrument. You will _not_ get better if you just play songs
       | /pieces fully over and over. You can, and often do, get worse.
       | And it's _hard_ , because making music is what it's all about.
       | 
       | I don't know who said this quote originally, but in the piano
       | world, one says "practice doesn't make perfect; practice makes
       | permanent."
        
         | nefitty wrote:
         | In middle school, my orchestra teacher taught "Practice doesn't
         | make perfect. Perfect practice, makes perfect." It's a lot
         | easier to perfect atomic-level techniques than an entire
         | composition.
         | 
         | She also taught us not to "stop and start over" when we made
         | mistakes. I think that is sort of like "don't try to optimize
         | early, get the code working then refactor later."
        
           | samplatt wrote:
           | >"Practice doesn't make perfect. Perfect practice, makes
           | perfect."
           | 
           | That's word-for-word what my sensei says about karate.
        
             | mitko wrote:
             | Four years ago my sensei invited another sensei for a
             | seminar and the other sensei said nearly exactly the same
             | thing, but I never heard my sensei say it. Is your sensei
             | Fujishima?[1]
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://twitter.com/themitak/status/838896881866588161?s=20
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | Is the world this small?
        
               | samplatt wrote:
               | Nope.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | It's an extremely common quote, often attributed to Vince
               | Lombardi, the football coach. Nobody's sensei made it up.
        
           | lask wrote:
           | Another important reason to not start over is to make it a
           | habit to continue playing even when you make a mistake. If
           | you are performing and you make a mistake, then you don't
           | want to just keep on playing.
        
           | thwave wrote:
           | My piano teacher used to say "It's not a video-game, you
           | don't go back to the beginning of the level every time you
           | lose."
        
           | SeriousM wrote:
           | > She also taught us not to "stop and start over" when we
           | made mistakes.
           | 
           | This is so true. I learn piano myself and I'm a trackmania
           | gamer for years. Learning a piano piece (some bars or full
           | length for easy pieces) is quite the same as learning a track
           | layout in trackmania. You have to go through the whole,
           | regardless of the speed to see at least where it leads you.
           | And if you just restart after the slightest error, you will
           | perfect just the begin of the track yet you will struggle
           | every time once you reach the unknown parts.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | I think playing songs / pieces does have value, especially if
         | you're starting out, in that it trains your motor skills -
         | finding the keys on a piano, strings on a guitar, etc. It won't
         | make you a musician, but it'll get you up to party trick level.
         | Anyway here's wonderwall.
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | "Practice makes permanent" is a perfectly reasonable goal for
         | someone who needs to perform the same set of songs many nights
         | out of the year.
         | 
         | Musicians don't always "make" music - that's _not_ what it 's
         | all about. Musicians may only need to "play" music.
        
         | renox wrote:
         | Easier said than done: my son is learning guitar but it's the
         | holidays. Not easy to make him practice during the holidays
         | given that I'm not a musician..
        
       | bloaf wrote:
       | For art and music there are pretty clear and well defined skills
       | that can be drilled.
       | 
       | Anyone have suggestions for writing drills?
        
         | Jakob wrote:
         | Most writing drills are about reading critically:
         | http://www.criticalreading.com/
         | 
         | Look into universities and approaches from Professors:
         | 
         | Jordan Peterson's writing approach is based a lot on drill:
         | https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://jordanbpeterson.co...
         | 
         | Umberto Eco's "How to write a Thesis"
        
         | someguyinthe wrote:
         | I assume that'd be doing some subsection of writing, like
         | focusing on dialogue, or describing a scene, etc. From what I
         | gather, you'd want to focus on one thing and try and get really
         | good at it, then you could write a short story as a "scrimmage"
         | to see how you've improved as a whole
        
         | okwubodu wrote:
         | I'm not a writer but I've used one drill where you set a theme
         | and handwrite off the top of your head without pausing or
         | erasing up to whatever set length. Like freestyling.
        
         | vladTheInhaler wrote:
         | You might be interested in Peak, by Anders Ericson. The author
         | mentions him briefly, but the book is well worth reading. He
         | looks at the case of Benjamin Franklin, and some of the
         | strategies he used. In brief, he found pieces of writing that
         | he especially admired, and transformed them in various ways,
         | then tried to reproduce the original from the transformed
         | versions. The version that seemed the post practical was to
         | create a cue for each sentence, and attempt to reproduce the
         | original wording from the cue. Another was to scramble the
         | sentences of the piece and try to put them back in what felt
         | like the most logical order. These seem pretty mechanical and
         | rote, but they tie into an overall approach Ericson lays out
         | called _deliberate practice_.
        
         | daniel_iversen wrote:
         | I'm quite sure there was a great example in the book "Talent is
         | overrated" that goes through this with one of the early US
         | presidents. Basically this guy wasn't much of a writer but then
         | he employed the "deliberate practice" technique to methodically
         | study, pull apart, rewrite and review+correct some of the great
         | writings of the day, to improve his own writing. And ultimately
         | he ended up apparently being a great writer. I guess there's a
         | science to most things.
        
         | totetsu wrote:
         | Have a look a the writing for academic purposes material for
         | second language learners.. there are books that break down
         | writing into a process with stages that can be drilled.
        
         | aaron5 wrote:
         | I have one that I think helps - of course I made it up, so I'm
         | biased.
         | 
         | Take a passage from a book you think is written well. For each
         | sentence, ask yourself what, in your own terminology, the
         | sentence is _doing_ - what 's the function of the sentence. For
         | example, "a person reacts bodily" or "a decision is made
         | involving time".
         | 
         | Then write your own passage for an entirely different story,
         | wherein each sentence accomplishes the same function as what
         | you encoded from the other passage.
         | 
         | For example, I did this to begin a children's story, taking my
         | template from the first page of The Reader by Bernhard Schlink.
         | 
         | THE READER by Bernhard Schlink
         | 
         | When I was fifteen, I got hepatitis. It started in the fall and
         | lasted until spring. As the old year darkened and turned
         | colder, I got weaker and weaker. Things didn't start to improve
         | until the new year...
         | 
         | LULLABYE by P Aaron Mitchell
         | 
         | When the moon first appeared my little Zienna hid from it. The
         | moon waited to see her for about 18 minutes, which is a long
         | time for the moon. The moon felt for her with its beams but she
         | just hummed to herself in the molasses jar. When the moon
         | looked the other way she climbed out...
         | 
         | Maybe the relationship isn't obvious to anyone else, and that's
         | okay. It's still good practice - you force yourself to tell
         | your own story in a cadence that matches (at least to you) that
         | of a strong writer.
        
           | gpt5 wrote:
           | To extend on this - this method is extremely useful at work.
           | 
           | When writing a doc, look for similar doc and not just copy
           | their high level structure, but at the paragraph structure in
           | the same way the parent poster has mentioned.
        
         | autofellatio69 wrote:
         | Okay, I know this sounds crazy and probably difficult because
         | we're pretty inflexible as human beings, but if you try my
         | method, you should be able to accomplish what you're setting
         | out to do. First, you're going to want to sit up with your back
         | against the wall. You should be on the floor for this. Now,
         | scoot forward a bit, enough such that you can place your feet
         | against the wall behind your head. Next, you will use your feet
         | firmly planted against the wall to push your torso forward.
         | With the leverage of your feet against the wall. If you "cannot
         | reach" you should still be able to angle your hips upward and
         | meet yourself halfway. From here, you should be able to slide
         | it all the way in your mouth. Good luck, friend. :)
         | 
         | Also, please do not try this if you have a wife and kids. It
         | will ruin your life, trust me, I learned the hard way.
        
         | runevault wrote:
         | There are a lot of different drills, several of which are
         | listed below but will touch on.
         | 
         | 1. Copy something you like. Take a
         | sentence/paragraph/page/scene and just retype it in. This
         | sounds crazy, but pushing the words not only into your brain
         | but back out through your fingers gives your brain a different
         | avenue into them.
         | 
         | 2. Object writing. Learned this one from Pat Pattison's writing
         | better lyrics, but most of the techniques are generally
         | applicable. You take an object/idea, and for 5-10 minutes write
         | about it using all 6 senses (the standard five plus motion).
         | The more you do this the more your writing will shift (at least
         | in my experience).
         | 
         | 3. Journaling. Morning pages (3 pages at the very start of your
         | day) is a common one for writers, learning to take the filter
         | off and just write. A lot of crap might come out, and you'll
         | just write about the day before or your concerns about the day
         | ahead a lot, but the act of putting the words down will help
         | you shift your writing.
         | 
         | 4. This one isn't a drill but I wanted to include it: explore
         | other types of writing. If you are interested in academic
         | writing, try making short stories or poems. Exploring entirely
         | different uses of words will help you build new, because intent
         | shapes the way the brain uses the words, and learning to unlock
         | different pathways can have surprising results.
        
         | macintux wrote:
         | That's an interesting question. My completely uneducated idea:
         | reproducing masters' works.
         | 
         | Take a novel, or something shorter, and type it up, thinking
         | with each sentence, each page, why they wrote what they did,
         | and what they left out.
        
           | thatcat wrote:
           | HS Thompson did this
        
         | mch82 wrote:
         | What audience are you writing for?
         | 
         | Drill by frequently publishing work to that audience so you can
         | get feedback and iterate. Build up larger works over time.
        
       | brudgers wrote:
       | The premise of Wooden's methods is that the players already have
       | a lot of experience playing basketball. Many many games by the
       | time they got to UCLA. Informal and formal.
       | 
       | And that's my caveat for this as advice on painting. If a person
       | doesn't _already_ have a history of painting, by which I mean
       | starting and completing paintings as paintings, no amount of
       | drill is going turn them into a painter. The willingness to
       | execute paintings has to be there.
        
         | temp234 wrote:
         | Does anybody have any reading recommendations or thoughts on
         | the topic of how people _with_ drilled or otherwise refined
         | skills can turn into people who come up with and complete
         | mature creative projects? In creative contexts I know a lot of
         | people who get stuck on just drilling their skills forever or
         | who want to be mature creative project-completers but
         | mysteriously aren't getting it done. I've read a lot about how
         | people get world-class good at things ("10k hours") but I don't
         | think those books explain why one person successfully completes
         | a unique comic, album, short film, or novella and another
         | person struggles with that goal all their days, either only
         | producing derivative work or never completing their work. Some
         | of the focus on "10k'ing" your way to world class skill feels
         | like a distraction from developing as an independent thing-
         | finisher. Some incredible creative work has been completed by
         | people with decent-but-not-world-class skill.
        
           | mabub24 wrote:
           | You are relatively correct. The 10k "rule" and other general
           | guidelines are just that --- guidelines for something that
           | often bucks guidelines and is better for it.
           | 
           | 3 things an artist make:
           | 
           | 1. Finishing and finishing often. You should not be making
           | the same thing all the time, but you should be consciously
           | iterating in any direction you like as long as you are still
           | finishing. Great painters, writers, musicians, are constantly
           | making stuff, you only see the polished stuff that ends up
           | through the filter.
           | 
           | 2. Studying the great works in whatever your chosen
           | field/style/genre. Know the "rules", the normal directions on
           | the map, before you break them and decide on a shortcut or to
           | buck convention all together. All great artists, even the
           | enfant-terrible avant-garde artists, are extremely
           | knowledgeable in art-history in their chosen field and can
           | explain extremely precise opinions on the merits of one
           | artist or movement. Most postures of naivete are just that:
           | posturing. Great artists know their stuff.
           | 
           | 3. Surrounding yourself with other artists. You need people
           | who will look at whatever you finish and tell you about it.
           | Hopefully, these people should be as interested in good art
           | as you, and as well versed or more well versed in art history
           | as you. Engaging in communities of artists will make your
           | imagination and creativity soar.
           | 
           | You absolutely need 1 and 2. You can get by without 3, but
           | you will likely never achieve true greatness without it.
           | 
           | Everything else after that is luck.
        
             | noahbradley wrote:
             | I'd somewhat change #1 to "starting and starting often." I
             | see far, far too many art students fall into the trap of
             | wasting hours finishing work when they'd be better off
             | starting more pieces.
        
               | mabub24 wrote:
               | Definitely. I think were we to rewrite #1, we could say:
               | 
               | 1. Start often and finish often; do not be afraid to
               | abandon something that is not working. Learning what is
               | not working will come from starting and finishing more
               | often over time, along with reflecting on the work you
               | have done. This is where the benefits of #3 come into
               | play. A good community will not only praise your work,
               | they will tell when something isn't working or doesn't
               | work.
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | How much gets finished is a matter of commitment to
               | working more than a matter of ambition.
               | 
               | The wasted hours are the hours that they are not working
               | on the thing. One hundred hours is only a bit more than
               | four days...and if you use both hands, barely more than
               | two.
        
               | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
               | I think "finishing often" means precisely that students
               | can't be spending too long finishing work. They have to
               | stop and move on ASAP so they can finish again. I think
               | there's importance in finishing vs starting; it's easy
               | for creatives to get stuck starting a project and never
               | learning how to complete.
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | For art, it's not skill or technique that makes someone an
           | artist. It is simply the terrifying decision that what you
           | make is art. Terrifying because the only gatekeeper to being
           | an artist is you. Declare yourself an artist and you are.
           | Call what you made art and it is.
        
             | blindmute wrote:
             | It is however skill and technique that in large part makes
             | someone a good artist. Like it or not, art is a physically
             | skilled medium.
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | There is no such thing as good and bad artists. That's
               | what makes the decision terrifying.
        
               | blindmute wrote:
               | There definitely is such thing, and claiming otherwise is
               | a weird, very recent trend.
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | Van Gogh is why there aren't. There are establishment
               | artists and folk artists and lots of oblique trajectories
               | off that axis but that's not good and bad.
               | 
               | Or as Harry Truman opined. "If that's art, I'm a
               | Hottentotte."
        
             | chris_st wrote:
             | Yup. When I was painting, I spent some time thinking about
             | what it "meant" to be an artist. I finally decided that an
             | artist is just executing a vision in some particular
             | medium.
        
           | chris_st wrote:
           | This question came up in a guitar discussion group I'm part
           | of. Someone who was really good at the drills wasn't happy,
           | because they could kind of only do the drills. You _have_ to
           | perform eventually, which for painting is finishing
           | paintings, musicians performing entire pieces, etc. And I
           | think that 's a beginning towards an answer to your question:
           | find something in your hobby (or job!) you love and do that
           | as a performance. Drills are there to serve the eventual
           | performance, they're not an end in themselves.
        
           | egypturnash wrote:
           | I got from "I draw isolated images" to "I draw comics" via
           | the middle step of "I drew a Tarot deck". I had to figure out
           | a lot of shit about managing long projects that _cannot_ be
           | completed in a single day to do this. Tables to help me see
           | at a glance what was available to work on, at what stage.
           | Ways to think about coming back to the project again and
           | again.
           | 
           | Once I had _that_ done I could tackle stuff like "telling a
           | story" which is a whole other kettle of fish.
           | 
           | Ask yourself what the shape of a finished larger thing is.
           | How can you break it down into pieces about the same size as
           | doing some of the drills you're used to? What are the parts
           | of it that require new kinds thinking and working? Make time
           | to do that.
           | 
           | Take examples of stuff you want to be making and break it
           | down. For instance I found it a useful comics-making exercise
           | to take a short story by an artist I liked and write one
           | sentence describing what happens on each page. That got me
           | thinking about how _much_ story could easily fit on one page.
        
         | arkj wrote:
         | The will to do the drill will bring the willingness to execute.
         | 
         | I am not a painter but I followed a pure drill approach to
         | teach html/css/javascript to 12 of my operations/monitoring
         | team members (11 males 1 female, aged 24-27) who lost their job
         | during start of Covid.
         | 
         | None of them had any background in programming or engineering,
         | 3 of them dropped out after two weeks.
         | 
         | All those who went through the drill got jobs as developers. 7
         | as react developers, 1 test automation and 1 script developer.
         | 
         | All I did was ensure the drill and motivate them not to give
         | up. They were all from very poor families so the motivation
         | part was easy - hope of a better life at the end of drill.
         | 
         | The mantra is, don't fool yourself, type it, clock the hours
         | and don't miss the meeting.
        
         | runevault wrote:
         | I think the key is that you have to spend some time doing the
         | entire thing, but you have to be willing to go back and rework
         | your fundamentals in smaller chunks (examples from the article
         | being anything from composition to eyeing distances to color
         | mixing).
        
         | rahimnathwani wrote:
         | The 'wax on, wax off' drill worked for Daniel Laruso in The
         | Karate Kid.
        
           | yellow_lead wrote:
           | Yes, but that was a movie.
        
         | khazhoux wrote:
         | I think you're extrapolating his advice into something it's
         | not. He is advocating a way to improve (by focusing on narrow
         | tasks and skills), and he never says this will turn your into a
         | painter.
         | 
         | But if you _are_ a painter (or whatever) then don 't always be
         | in "performance" mode, because that limits improvement.
        
       | mauritzio wrote:
       | Imho he did not be became better at "painting" but he made better
       | designs for _paintings_. He trained one important aspect of the
       | whole piece of art, the design. The aspect of applying paint was
       | not trained, so that probably has not improved.
        
         | username90 wrote:
         | A skilled painter isn't just someone who is good at applying
         | paint the way he wants, similarly as how a skilled writer isn't
         | just someone who writes the words he intends to write. The
         | skill includes all aspects required to make great pieces.
        
       | TrispusAttucks wrote:
       | > But drill isn't popular. It's widely seen as boring. Worse,
       | there's a body of opinion, especially in education, that
       | considers it an ineffective way to practice. That's a shame,
       | because it's the most effective way to build your skills.
       | 
       | This resonated with me as I watch my kids go through school.
       | 
       | Math used to be taught with more drill style. Now with common
       | core every single problem is an epic quest of 10 frames and
       | double pluses. It seems so ridiculous. I'd rather them crush a
       | worksheet of 20 problems that practices a single skill then 2
       | problems that try to include everything from reading to drawing
       | just for a simple subtraction problem.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | Math teaching has never been successful. Nobody knows why we do
         | it. The parents all learned it the old way, meaning that they
         | got good test scores but did not retain any useful facility
         | with math beyond their obligatory high school and college
         | courses. A few people who managed to carry math to the level of
         | being an art, like painting, probably can't tell you how or why
         | that happened.
         | 
         | My kids did lots and lots of drill. But no proofs.
         | 
         | I struggled with math until we started to do proofs. Then it
         | came alive for me. I loved sets. My school also used a series
         | of textbooks in which some of the problems had no answer, and
         | you were supposed to write "no answer." Those problems were a
         | special rare treat that motivated me to do all of the problems.
         | 
         | For most kids and their parents, math functions as some sort of
         | diligence / obedience / IQ training that they hope will get
         | them into a better college and job before it is forgotten.
        
         | Zababa wrote:
         | When I was in school we usually had at first some drill
         | exercises, and then at the end some bigger problems. I think it
         | was a nice balance, and the problems acted a bit like a reward.
        
         | MisterBastahrd wrote:
         | When I was in middle school, we used the Saxon method of
         | learning math. Every lesson set contained new concepts AND
         | forced students to answer questions to old concepts. By the end
         | of the year, we were fluent in all the concepts regardless of
         | the last time they were taught in class, because we were
         | constantly forced to solve equations from all parts of the
         | book. We all loved that approach because it kept us in
         | practice.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | > _But drill isn't popular. It's widely seen as boring. Worse,
         | there's a body of opinion, especially in education, that
         | considers it an ineffective way to practice. That's a shame,
         | because it's the most effective way to build your skills._
         | 
         | When you sign up to become a snowboard instructor in Canada
         | they basically say "You should already be able to snowboard.
         | We're not going to teach you that. We're going to teach you how
         | to teach".
         | 
         | As you move up the levels, you spend more and more time on
         | pedagogy (teaching other teachers).
         | 
         | Virtually all of it is drills - breaking down a small skill
         | into an exercise or challenge or "do this 100 times before you
         | get to the bottom" - then you "put it all back together" and
         | ride.
         | 
         | I can teach someone in half a day what took me a month to teach
         | myself when I learned with no instruction. Drills are an
         | awesome way to teach & learn
        
           | smw wrote:
           | Any chance you know of a decent video showing how to teach
           | someone to snowboard? (or ski?) I'd love to understand the
           | best way to do that.
        
             | grecy wrote:
             | I've never seen a video that actually lays it out.
             | 
             | The course to be a level 1 instructor (the lowest level) is
             | three days intensive.
             | 
             | Level 2 is four days.
             | 
             | Level 3 is a five day course, plus separate two day exams
             | (on and off snow).
             | 
             | Level 4 (highest level).. well, I'm not there yet, it takes
             | most people three years to do all the training and pass all
             | the tests.
             | 
             | For virtually everyone you have to snowboard/ski full time
             | (100+ day seasons) working on your technique and teaching
             | at least every day for about ten years to pass level four.
             | 
             | The teaching isn't something you can learn from a couple of
             | hour video.
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | >> Math used to be taught with more drill style.
         | 
         | There are many ways to suck. We tend to think in folksy wisdom:
         | simples rules, simplifications, generalities. Practice makes
         | perfect. 10k hrs. Problem solving. Etc. Often, we bounce back
         | and forward between one such slogan and another.
         | 
         | Folksy wisdom requires folk to be wise. You can't just distil
         | it into a statement and run with that. A great instructor might
         | be extremely focused on drill X or exercise Y. In reality, X or
         | Y outside the greater context is not the same.
         | 
         | The 10k hrs "rule" is a good example. I reckon I'm closing in
         | on 5k hrs of chess. I'm not very good. I could have probably
         | improved more than I would be with just 500 hrs training on a
         | team, with an instructor, game analysis, tactic training,
         | competition, etc. 5k hrs of bullet while on the toilet is not
         | that.
         | 
         | Now... I'm not saying that the book _does_ claim that playing
         | 10k hrs of ultra-casual chess while on the toilet leads to
         | mastery. You need more context. Drill  & Scrimmage, in this
         | article's terms. "Deliberate practice" in Anders Ericsson's.
         | Competition in other's terms.
         | 
         | No matter what though, I think that the actual formula is not
         | expressible. There will be a way of sucking while still
         | ostensibly following the formula. You need the subjective human
         | element. A person, training themselves or others who is focused
         | on the goal of improvement, with the methods used as tools.
         | 
         | A lot of canonical examples like sports, art or whatnot us an
         | "art & science" adjacent terminology.
         | 
         | TLDR, you'll also find plenty of example of rampant suckage and
         | plateaus using drill oriented methods of teaching.
        
         | porb121 wrote:
         | > That's a shame, because it's the most effective way to build
         | your skills.
         | 
         | this is just not true. blocked practice (i.e. practicing the
         | same task repeatedly) is generally worse for long-term
         | retention than mixed practice strategies where you vary the
         | practice conditions or interleave different tasks in practice
         | 
         | e.g. if you go through 100 problems of 2 digit multiplication,
         | you will probably have worse retention than if you went through
         | 10 of those problems, then 10 division problems, then 5 word
         | problems, then 10 3 digit multiplication problems, and so on,
         | equating practice time
         | 
         | drilling _feels_ like a really effective way to learn because
         | you do better at it and quickly develop muscle memory or mental
         | shortcuts, but your performance on practice tasks is really not
         | a good signal of your actual learning or retention.
         | 
         | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275355435_Learning_...
        
         | kiba wrote:
         | _Math used to be taught with more drill style. Now with common
         | core every single problem is an epic quest of 10 frames and
         | double pluses. It seems so ridiculous. I 'd rather them crush a
         | worksheet of 20 problems that practices a single skill then 2
         | problems that try to include everything from reading to drawing
         | just for a simple subtraction problem. _
         | 
         | The problem with these 20 problems of basically the same
         | identical challenge is that it's actually less effective than
         | intermixing of different kind of problems, at least according
         | to learning science.
         | 
         | You and I may prefer 20 problems that practice straight
         | subtraction, but that's not what the science says is actually
         | the most effective learning strategy.
         | 
         | You want different kind of problems in a problem set. It
         | shouldn't be straight subtraction, but also additions, word
         | problems, and so forth. This creates a level of desirable
         | difficulty, which embeds knowledge more deeply than something
         | that is very easy to do by rote.
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | You are combining too many things. Focusing on 20 simple with
           | increasing difficult problems builds visual memory, pattern
           | matching which is lacking with a few compounds problems.
           | 
           | The science must be missing some inputs because the current
           | theory is lacking.
        
             | ajmadesc wrote:
             | "The science is wrong because I disagree" - ipaddr
        
               | harry8 wrote:
               | I'm not seeing any research linked. It will have to be
               | pretty convincingly done too because we've seen a metric
               | ship load of issues in psych research of late.
               | 
               | I don't have an opinion on the issue at hand. "Because
               | the science says" With nothing in support makes me really
               | suspicious. It really starts looking like "Because
               | $authority says so you may not question" Which is the
               | opposite of what scientific inquiry is meant to be.
        
               | pps wrote:
               | Last page contains references for scientific studies
               | http://pdf.retrievalpractice.org/InterleavingGuide.pdf
        
               | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
               | They are not the only one, I see the same. Kids without
               | math drills have problems in storing crucial bits of
               | information in long-term memory and consequently fare
               | worse at solving simple arithmetic problems than myself
               | when I was much younger. I'm not talking about complex
               | things but basic arithmetic, like multiplying digits,
               | adding fractions or, more importantly, dealing with
               | ratios. Drills give you a considerable advantage here.
        
               | doix wrote:
               | I have another peice of anecdata with my
               | parents/grandparents. They grew up in the USSR and went
               | through school there, drilling (according to them) was
               | extremely common.
               | 
               | They can still remember some peoms verbatim over 70 years
               | later (in my grandfathers case). And they still
               | remember/understand pretty much all the math they were
               | taught. When I was doing my Advanced Highers (final exams
               | in Scotland) I was asking my parents for help and they
               | could answer all the questions without looking things up.
               | 
               | I looked up the exam paper[0] I sat, I'm pretty sure
               | there's no way I'd get an A again if I sat it right now
               | without studying for it. But I'm pretty sure my parents
               | still woudl.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.advancedhighermaths.co.uk/wp-
               | content/uploads/201...
        
               | gotorazor wrote:
               | I had a bit of schooling in that kind of educational
               | system (Asia) before continuing schooling in North
               | America. I'd say that you there is no free lunch. You're
               | always giving up something for something else.
               | 
               | I had a job 10 years ago doing in-person training at a
               | company trying to digitize their paper-based office for
               | the first time. They were in a commodity distribution
               | business, so while the math isn't hard, there is a lot of
               | day-to-day arithmetic (conversion between unit of measure
               | and price/unit vs total price) for all the employees from
               | the warehouse guy to the sales staff.
               | 
               | The system introduced a change in their workflow. Before
               | in their old manual paper system, people just kind of put
               | things on a truck and figure out later how much got
               | shipped and how much to invoice a customer. The whole can
               | be very hand-wavy. There was no live inventory system
               | either.
               | 
               | Digitization meant that sales have to write sales orders
               | that had precise units to be sold. Based on inventory,
               | they know how much they will actually ship and they know
               | that down to the dollar. Everybody suddenly had to start
               | being aware of the math involved in their work.
               | 
               | It was kind of funny to see a bunch of blue-collar, ex-
               | con, high school dropouts learning faster than all the
               | college-education office workers. The college-educated
               | guys were too drill-orientated and approached the work
               | like the math worksheets that everybody is talking about.
               | The ex-cons had a working relationship with the numbers
               | on the screen and the things that are hanging off their
               | forklifts. Many of the white-collar clerks had been
               | getting by memorizing formulas. They had no idea what any
               | of those formulas mean.
        
               | kiba wrote:
               | Sure, you can drill them. I am just saying you should
               | intermix them with other problems.
               | 
               | I am not telling you to do multiplying digit only 1
               | times. That would be silly. I would be telling you should
               | mix up multiplying digits with other previously learned
               | concepts, say 10 addition and 10 subtraction questions,
               | and the rest can be 80 multiplying digit problems. I
               | don't know the optimal intermixing ratio here, but it
               | shouldn't be a straight 100 multiplying digit problems
               | which all use the same algorithm to solve it.
        
             | wisty wrote:
             | The current theory isn't particularly lacking, the average
             | teacher (let alone layperson's) understanding of it is
             | lacking. Plus there's dozens of rubbish theories that are
             | sorely lacking so you have to find the researchers that
             | actually do solid research.
             | 
             | IIRC (see the above, it applies to random comments on the
             | internet) drill work is more effective (but feels less
             | effective to both teachers and students) if it's mixed up
             | with different topics or question types, kind of like how
             | doing a kata is better than doing exactly the same punch
             | 10x (obviously katas are not ideal either, at least not as
             | the only tool).
             | 
             | Really you need a bit of diversity, and IMO two of the big
             | traps to fall into are overly homogenous drill work (which
             | doesn't retain as well as mixed drills, but looks effective
             | because anyone who doesn't eat their crayons can do it
             | without thinking too hard) and one-off problems (do an
             | assignment where you solve a heavily obfuscated problem
             | once, then pretend that it's now something that students
             | actually understand, when they've literally just answered
             | one single question assuming they even did it themselves).
        
               | stenl wrote:
               | In first grade we were given a workbook for learning how
               | to write the letters. There was one whole page of A, one
               | page of B, etc. You had to write maybe 100 As in a row.
               | The kids quickly figured out that the fastest way to do
               | it was to first write the left slant 100 times, then the
               | right slant 100 times and finally all the 100 crossbars.
               | So yes, you do need a little variety to defeat such
               | shortcuts.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | What a brilliant way to teach kids economies of scale.
        
               | TrispusAttucks wrote:
               | According to the article this is actually a really good
               | way for kids to learn and improve. The point being that
               | just practicing the lines is hugely important.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Exactly. That page full of A's, whether they "cheat" it
               | or not, will teach the kids how to draw all lines that
               | make an A. Repeat that with other letters, and _then_
               | throw combination of different letters into the mix,
               | which will force kids to draw one letter at a time,
               | _after_ they 've already mastered all the component
               | movements in isolation.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | Treegarden wrote:
           | In reality the problem is more complicated and the issue is
           | that the current media of teaching via worksheets and
           | teachers is lacking and insufficient, which renders this
           | debate obsolete. What you have is different parts, learning
           | new stuff, practicing it, but also spaced repetition. Those
           | need to be in balance with each other but also rely on
           | cognitive overload, tiredness and motivation (among others)
           | of the learner. So what you really need for a solution is
           | software that replaces those work sheets and does a good job
           | (as opposed to many of the current cheap learning apps) of
           | giving you the right task at the right time. Eg. it knows
           | that you have been drilling stuff and gotten good at it and
           | so now its time for some more mixed stuff that could be
           | paired with srs (stuff that needs refreshment). I think apps
           | like kahn academy are good but could be improved and
           | personally tried to build my own language learning flashcards
           | app[0] after becoming frustrated with duolingo where I have a
           | 2000 day streak.
           | 
           | 0 - https://ling-academy.com/ It's a bit of a mess. I found
           | that its pretty hard to build a language app.
        
             | mushishi wrote:
             | Cool idea, my first impression is that there should be some
             | kind of mini-arcs or long phrases that make the content
             | more digestible. What I mean is that now the speaker goes
             | on and on, and the subtitles are abruptly changed to
             | another set of words. As a learner, I would like to have
             | better sense when the words will disappear. I noticed it's
             | arbitrary Youtube content so it's hard.. A simple testable
             | solution for arbitrary content: option to _automatically_
             | pause/slow down the video just a for second before changing
             | to the next set of text. Another simple and stupid idea
             | would be to show previous words below the the current
             | context.
             | 
             | In the long run usage of a particular user, maybe the app
             | should not highlight words that it knows you have
             | encountered in previous videos many times or if the system
             | knows you have mastered that word -- in case the system is
             | testing user, did not notice if it does.
             | 
             | Btw. Not sure what is the difference between green and
             | black colored words. (Don't know Spanish so hard to guess.)
             | 
             | Also there's some typos at the landing page, at least
             | these: "Activley", "wont be"
             | 
             | Seems like a great concept, good luck :) (I don't find
             | Duolingo that effective either.)
        
               | Treegarden wrote:
               | Appreciate the feedback! My biggest challenge is to
               | polish features. I have taken out a few features from the
               | app because they where buggy and would break. I always
               | had some ideas and prototyped them in the app but then
               | after trying it out and getting a feel for it, I would
               | jump to another idea instead of polishing the prototype.
               | I'm definitely gonna improve the youtube feature,
               | especially the ui. Also, showing the previous subtitles
               | in smaller font somewhere is a great idea! Thanks for
               | that.
        
           | interesting22 wrote:
           | This is very interesting and I'd like to share info about
           | this with my wife, as we're approaching this challenge right
           | now.
           | 
           | Do you have any articles or references that you'd personally
           | recommend, in order to learn more?
        
             | SiVal wrote:
             | Do yourself a big favor and read the book "Why Don't
             | Students Like School?" by Prof. Daniel T. Willingham. He's
             | a prof of psych at the University of Virginia specializing
             | in the application of cog sci and neuro sci to K-12
             | education.
             | 
             | I don't know who chose the title, but it doesn't describe
             | the book, which is really a collection of articles about
             | the results of experiments comparing various learning &
             | teaching techniques. Only one chapter is about why
             | children, who like learning some things, don't like school.
             | 
             | Willingham publishes in academic journals and in journals
             | for educators, so you can find other writings online. He
             | tries to persuade teachers that so much of what the elite
             | grad schools of education teach is intellectual fashion out
             | of touch with actual cog sci findings, but all he cares
             | about are the science experiments.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | Huge upvotes for this. The book isn't just about
               | learning, it's about how our minds really work - as
               | opposed to how we think they work.
               | 
               | It's as useful for insights into practical intelligence
               | as it is for theory-of-teaching.
        
           | wirrbel wrote:
           | I am of course not an empirical scientist in that area but I
           | tutored math middle school students when in High School.
           | [Note: This was in Germany and not in the US so it wasn't
           | 'common core']
           | 
           | You see, the students who failed at the interleaved problems
           | initially, were rocking it when I had them work through like
           | 3 of these 20-similar problems worksheets before moving on to
           | the 'pedagogically designed' problems.
           | 
           | And epistemically I think it makes a lot of sense to train
           | basics and build upon that.
           | 
           | I think Math education could benefit a lot if we split the
           | subject in two courses, 3h per week on drill (Arithmetics),
           | 2h per week on the beautiful math (can also expose the
           | student to axioms there, functions, mappings, etc, more
           | complex problems and solving that with math, potentially with
           | CAS support). Best separated with different teachers.
           | 
           | Fact is, most high school graduates will find it challenging
           | in their lives to apply the 'rule of three'. During the covid
           | pandemic we have seen that members of the executive branch
           | have no understanding of exponential growth (bad during the
           | pandemic, but I wonder how the fiscal policy is affected by
           | that??).
           | 
           | Maybe we need to rethink mathematical education once again.
        
           | dataviz1000 wrote:
           | Along the same lines, Alfred North Whitehead had a very
           | similar approach to education and learning as a whole saying
           | it is cyclic with one important stage being precision
           | analogous to the idea of practice with a later stage of
           | generalization analogous to the idea of performance.
           | 
           | > Whitehead conceives of the student's educational process of
           | self-development as an organic and cyclic process in which
           | each cycle consists of three stages: first the stage of
           | romance, then the stage of precision, and finally, the stage
           | of generalization. The first stage is all about "free
           | exploration, initiated by wonder", the second about the
           | disciplined "acquirement of technique and detailed
           | knowledge", and the third about "the free application of what
           | has been learned" [0]
           | 
           | [0] https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/whitehead/#PhilEduc
        
           | kebman wrote:
           | > You and I may prefer 20 problems that practice straight
           | subtraction, but that's not what the science says is actually
           | the most effective learning strategy.
           | 
           | Hi, I'm an pedagogue and a licensed teacher. Another way to
           | phrase that, is that humans tend to find repetitive tasks
           | overwhelming and boring. Got a load of dishes you have to do?
           | I bet most people feel right at home in that gnawing urge to
           | postpone that mundane and monotonous task. I mean how many
           | times haven't you sat there with a really dull chore and
           | started daydreaming until someone snapped you out of it?
           | 
           | The fact is, humans need variety, but more importantly we
           | need a sense of _agency._ You kinda lose that when you 're
           | forced to do something repetitive over and over, and so
           | naturally it's not a very effective way to learn or teach.
           | 
           | If you're faced with repeating something 20 times, even with
           | slight variations; first off it's overwhelming, and second if
           | you feel that it's forced on you, then you lose agency. In
           | other words, you're no longer the owner of the task. In turn
           | that means you're no longer in control, so why would you
           | slave away for that "evil" tutor over there? This is why
           | repetition isn't very effective pedagogically speaking,
           | because worst case it can even create antipathy towards you
           | or the task you're trying to teach.
           | 
           | On the other hand, it's exactly _repeating_ something over
           | and over that makes you master it, though... But how can you
           | master a thing when it 's too bloody boring to learn in the
           | first place? Enter motivational strategies! And tactics to
           | heighten morale.
           | 
           | This is explains why you may prefer solving 20 problems that
           | practice straight subtraction, because you're already
           | motivated for it, and then it's easy. But when you're dealing
           | with an entire class of pupils, you have to make sure as many
           | of them as possible feel the same way about those tasks, or
           | they'll fall behind. And so, at the most basic level,
           | teachers need to vary their approach to a topic in order to
           | effectively teach it. This means finding new ways, new
           | angles, to look at a problem, and make sure you get some
           | variety in between, so the thing doesn't become boring.
           | Meanwhile, if you already know that your pupils are very
           | motivated, you can get away with more straight repetition.
        
         | nyanpasu64 wrote:
         | I was taught math with the drill style. Being forced on a daily
         | basis into repeatedly solving problems you struggle with,
         | trapped with no ability to escape, by people with power over
         | you (eg. parents), having your worth judged based on your
         | ability to solve problems forced upon you, and once you learn a
         | skill your parents find a new weakness to torment you with, is
         | traumatic.
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | That's more of a reflection on the people doing the teaching
           | than the style of teaching itself I think. This is purely
           | anecdotal but I absolutely hated most of my pre-university
           | education as it felt like jumping through completely
           | meaningless hoops. I'll still happily practice scales or
           | musical fragments by rote on my guitar for hours on end
           | though, and this is a very effective method for me. It took
           | me a long time to figure out I actually love learning, it's
           | just that there's a lot more to learning than the industrial-
           | style process that goes on in the average British
           | comprehensive.
           | 
           | If a person's approach to educating their kids is coercive
           | ("jump through our hoops or you'll be working at McDonalds
           | your entire life") or downright abusive ("you're a worthless
           | child to us if you don't meet this grade") then the results
           | can be catastrophic. For every success story, this kind of
           | maltreatment will produce many people who give up on learning
           | altogether or drive themselves headfirst into mental illness.
           | I definitely think history will judge this period as a bit of
           | a dark age in education, the fact that people who've long
           | retired still report exam nightmares says a lot about the
           | completely arbitrary and needless pressure we put our
           | children under.
           | 
           | In my experience being "well-spoken" (ie having an accent
           | that's fairly close to RP) and being quick at picking things
           | up has served me far better than any qualifications I have,
           | both in the tech industry and out of it.
        
           | SilverRed wrote:
           | Seems like a pretty poor way to really understand math
           | anyway. If you memorize some formula you may learn how to do
           | a specific problem faster but if you teach kids to understand
           | how the formula was built from first principals, not only can
           | they solve the problem, but they understand how to build the
           | solution from scratch rather than pulling a premade solution
           | from the memory bank.
           | 
           | Memorizing solutions isn't useful anymore. We have google to
           | list out formulas. A deep understanding of problem solving is
           | far more important and something you cant trivially search.
        
             | varjag wrote:
             | Right now there are students who have trouble opening up
             | algebraic expressions or forget to cancel negatives in
             | multiplication while doing exercises on advanced concepts.
             | All for lack of practice.
        
               | bigbillheck wrote:
               | Those kinds of kids were common 10, 20, 50, 100, and more
               | years ago.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | Now they are ubiquitous.
               | 
               | Downplaying it to 'dumb ones' is not helpful when they
               | can solve polynomials without much trouble but are
               | getting burned on concepts that should have been drilled
               | down properly in middle school.
        
               | bigbillheck wrote:
               | > Now they are ubiquitous
               | 
               | They were saying that back in the day as well:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Johnny_Can%27t_Add
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | You can't _understand_ a formula without repeatedly
             | applying it to great many problems, playing with it until
             | you get a feel for how it behaves. Without that, you 'll
             | only be "understanding" your own imaginary version of a
             | formula, a simulation in your mind with no grounding in
             | reality.
             | 
             | Same with understanding anything else in life - you don't
             | really understand anything until you get to the point you
             | can, in your head, predict a _specific_ outcome, test it,
             | and be proven correct, _repeatedly_.
             | 
             | (At some point you may learn to gain robust understanding
             | purely from simulating things in your head, deriving
             | insight from lower-level principles. But this itself is a
             | skill, a hard one, which few people master. It's not
             | something a random kid, or adult, can do.)
        
             | JackFr wrote:
             | The deep understanding comes after knowing the facts.
             | 
             | At a low level, you can point out all the patterns that are
             | in multiplication tables, but they won't be remembered
             | until the student has internalized the facts.
             | 
             | At a higher level, teaching epsilon-delta proofs isn't a
             | good way to learn calculus. Memorizing the building blocks
             | and the chain rule is.
        
           | foxes wrote:
           | That is not a problem with the drill style per say but toxic
           | teachers and parents. You can make someone drill without
           | tormenting them for failing. I think doing drills is good if
           | done in a supportive setting, but it is also and should not
           | be the only way to teach.
        
             | nextaccountic wrote:
             | Do you know any kid that signed up for math drills? It's
             | nearly always imposed by parents or teachers.
        
               | throwyuno wrote:
               | I loved math drills. In first grade we would get a sheet
               | of simple math problems and the teacher would give us 5
               | minted to complete as many as possible. I was good at it,
               | and it was one of my first experiences of competition and
               | being better at something than my peers. I don't know if
               | any of that is a good thing, and it definitely would have
               | sucked if I had been slow at math.
        
               | odshoifsdhfs wrote:
               | My kid would be super happy with it. His teacher as a
               | 'reward' for doing his language-related stuff on
               | time/quicker, lets him do math worksheets
        
               | Aunche wrote:
               | I was certainly more excited by math drills more than
               | attempts to make math "fun."
        
               | tsumnia wrote:
               | Funny enough, this is my current gripe with learning CS
               | in K-12 settings. The mindset I have on it is "we're just
               | teaching it to them at younger age because they can't say
               | no".
        
         | danielheath wrote:
         | There's a big difference between the kind of learning that's
         | effective in going from zero to knowing basics VS the kind
         | that's effective in going from basics to mastery.
         | 
         | I don't think drill is an effective method for early-stage
         | learning, because you don't have the mental framework to hang
         | the new knowledge off yet.
        
         | eloisius wrote:
         | Resonates with me too. I'm studying Chinese full-time and the
         | classroom format is extremely drill-heavy. Here's a sentence,
         | now say it this other way, using this new grammar device that
         | we just learned. Here's another, and another, and another.
         | After that we _mostly_ rote memorize characters (mostly,
         | because they do have fragments of meaning that you can reason
         | about sometimes). We drill on reading and writing characters
         | daily. There is little to no "creative" homework or classroom
         | activities like writing a dialog and acting it out in front of
         | the class, as we did in Spanish class when I was in high school
         | in the States.
         | 
         | At first I was afraid that this learning style would be
         | ineffective. Foreigners here often malign the Taiwanese
         | education system as full of rote memorization, drills, and
         | testing. Yet, the average Taiwanese can put together functional
         | English sentences. A great many of them can speak fluently,
         | even if they've never gone to an English speaking country.
         | That's a lot more than you can say for the Spanish-speaking
         | abilities of non-Hispanic Americans.
         | 
         | Drilling like this let's me build confidence, memory muscle,
         | and trains you to quickly pattern match and respond without
         | giving the logical part of your brain time to get in the way
         | and start translating slowly. It actually works outside the
         | classroom too, I'm repeatedly surprised how natural words or
         | grammar I drilled in class feel when it comes up in daily life.
         | I cannot imagine the American style of incorporating a bunch of
         | other activities into the exercise would help at all.
        
           | tasogare wrote:
           | > Yet, the average Taiwanese can put together functional
           | English sentences. A great many of them can speak fluently
           | 
           | Not true at all in my experience. I met only a few people
           | there speaking English or French and all where young and most
           | studied in a language department at university. There's
           | surely a big divide along age categories and probably a
           | North/South divide as I sometimes read people on the internet
           | claiming Taiwanese are somewhat good in English, while I
           | haven't seen that at all where I went (mostly Southern part).
           | 
           | That being said I agree with the rest of your post. Anything
           | trying to make learning Chinese fun is actually a waste of
           | time, and rote memorization is extremely effective. In fact,
           | it's one of the most effective way to learn vocabulary
           | (Nation, 2001). I find it very sad that bad methods like
           | Remembering the Kanji are hugely popular when they are in
           | fact a waste of time. The amount of bad content on the
           | internet is staggering. I think the biggest issue is that
           | most people lost the willingness to put efforts in learning,
           | and want everything immediately.
           | 
           | As for learning Chinese, it also helps speakers of Chinese
           | are usually very keen on correcting mistakes and teaching
           | things even when not asked.
        
             | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
             | > In fact, it's one of the most effective way to learn
             | vocabulary (Nation, 2001). I find it very sad that bad
             | methods like Remembering the Kanji are hugely popular when
             | they are in fact a waste of time. The amount of bad content
             | on the internet is staggering. I think the biggest issue is
             | that most people lost the willingness to put efforts in
             | learning, and want everything immediately.
             | 
             | Are you talking about this book?
             | https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/learning-vocabulary-
             | in-...
             | 
             | I haven't read the whole book, but quick skimming got me to
             | this part:
             | 
             | > The highest vocabulary test scores were from the small
             | number of learners reporting mnemonic techniques. The most
             | commonly used strategies were effective but not as
             | effective as the lesser used visualisation, mnemonic, oral
             | rote rehearsal and retrieval strategies. Clearly, strategy
             | training in memory-enhancing techniques could have useful
             | effects.
             | 
             | I can't imagine learning Chinese characters without any
             | form of mnemonics.
        
               | eloisius wrote:
               | > I can't imagine learning Chinese characters without any
               | form of mnemonics.
               | 
               | Username checks out :). Have you learned Chinese? I'm not
               | convinced that my method is the best by a long shot, but
               | I don't use mnemonics. I've tried memorizing other things
               | with tricks like the memory palace, and either I don't
               | know how to do it or my brain is busted, but I've never
               | been able to create a "palace" much less store
               | information I want to remember within it. I recently read
               | about the mnemonic peg system and thought it might be
               | useful if I could use radicals as "pegs." So far I just
               | haven't been able to employ any of these tricks to my
               | advantage.
               | 
               | My memorization routine (about 10 new words per day) is
               | to write down a whole list ~30 words, writing the
               | character and it's pronunciation (I use zhuyin).
               | Sometimes I do this in class while we're going over the
               | chapter's vocab. I set a timer for 5-8 minutes depending
               | on how many new words there are, how "hard" some of them
               | look at first glance, how many have unusual radicals I
               | haven't used frequently, etc. Looking at just the pinyin
               | or zhuyin I try to write them all down before the timer
               | goes off. If I can't write a whole character, I at least
               | try to write down some of the radicals, if nothing at all
               | I just skip it and move on. Afterwards I grade myself and
               | looking at the characters in my textbook again, I write a
               | new list of just the words I couldn't write. I practice
               | writing them several times until I feel like I have the
               | hang of it. Then I test again. Repeat until I can write
               | the whole list. After I can write them all, ideally, I
               | would retest again after some time, sometimes I do.
               | Unfortunately, I usually don't have enough time and I
               | have just barely gotten them memorized before it's time
               | for a chapter test and then a new load of vocab.
               | Fortunately old words get rolled into new chapters and
               | having to write essays and stuff gives me more practice
               | after they've had a while to stew.
               | 
               | If there is some One Easy Trick that I'm missing that
               | would make my routine 10x more efficient, I hope someone
               | can share it, because this routine is very tiresome and
               | time consuming. I have played a bit with visualization,
               | where I would close my eyes and imagine every stroke of a
               | character without actually writing it. It works, but I
               | need a really quiet environment for that.
        
               | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
               | >Have you learned Chinese?
               | 
               | Yes, and still am. Not really active anymore since I'm
               | busy with other things. I don't read much, but I can read
               | a book, albeit slow and with much difficulty. Writing I
               | do even less, and handwriting I never really did apart
               | from tests and filling in forms. Speaking and listening I
               | do every day. After a while I just decided to not focus
               | really much on handwriting because it easily takes the
               | most effort for something I actually barely use.
               | 
               | I've played a bit with memory palaces for fun and found
               | them to be effective, but really not for Chinese
               | Characters. I mostly used my own flashcards with Anki. I
               | used pictures and tone colored characters to help. That
               | worked fine, but making the flashcards also took a lot of
               | time so it wasn't really perfect either. Having many
               | synonyms also complicates the whole ordeal. But overall
               | spaced repetition really, really helps with managing lots
               | of vocabulary. You can have a deck of several thousands
               | of words without too many issues. If you find words hard
               | to remember it's also OK to just delete them (Anki also
               | helps with this by automatically labeling cards you often
               | fail as leech).
               | 
               | The mnemonics I use are the "build in" ones in the
               | characters, maybe you already do this by yourself and
               | actively learning them won't change too much. Nearly all
               | characters have some meaning and/or pronunciation
               | component hidden in them which can help you remembering
               | them, or guessing their meaning or sound when you first
               | encounter them.
               | 
               | I don't really think about radicals since those are just
               | arbitrarily chosen components used only for paper
               | dictionaries (and who wants to use those in the age of
               | smartphones...). Some random examples of interesting
               | components: Chuang , is a character that is not used
               | anymore (I think) but it means disease and if any
               | character has this component you can be very sure it's
               | some kind of disease.
               | 
               | Yue  is a tricky one. It's moon and it often really
               | doesn't make sense in words until you know that Rou  is
               | often corrupted into Yue . The Yue  in Nao  doesn't mean
               | moon but meat/flesh.
               | 
               | Some characters change depending on where they appear as
               | components: Shui /San , Ren /Ren .
               | 
               | I like to use the Outlier Linguistic Dictionary on Pleco
               | for looking up how characters are build up and see if it
               | can help me remembering the character. I find little
               | stories help me to remember words/characters. A character
               | I forgot how to write and just looked up: Hong
               | (rainbow). It' made of the component snake/insect/worm
               | because the ancient Chinese thought it looked like a
               | snake in the sky. Gong  is there for sound because
               | gong/hong sound similar. Or Qu  (take/get/fetch), it's
               | literally a hand taking an ear.
               | 
               | I don't think mnemonics is the One Easy Trick that will
               | make your routine 10x more efficient, but depending on
               | how you learn now it could really boost your efficiency.
               | If you're not using any form of spaced repetition yet I
               | think that really could be it.
        
               | eloisius wrote:
               | Thanks a lot for the advice! I misused "radical" before
               | but actually meant components, not the one arbitrary
               | radical. Remembering characters as a block of components
               | definitely helps. I think that would fall under the idea
               | of "chunking" that memory experts talk about. Sometimes I
               | remember a character on the first go because it's a
               | combination of components I'm very familiar with. I
               | haven't checked out the Outlier dictionary but I'm going
               | to now. I often go looking at the character components to
               | help me remember them, but better composition that
               | Unicode data would but great.
               | 
               | I use Pleco flashcards to do spaced repetition. Not sure
               | how it compares to Anki, but it takes almost no effort to
               | create new cards, and that's good for me because I can
               | easily get sucked into fiddling with tools instead of
               | using them.
        
           | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
           | Yes, some kind of drilling is definitely necessary, the issue
           | is that traditional drilling is not efficient and there is so
           | much more to language learning.
           | 
           | I don't think traditional drilling doesn't work at all, it's
           | just super inefficient and boring.
           | 
           | That said, I also kind of feel that dialogue with other
           | students isn't that useful.
           | 
           | I don't know about English in Taiwan, but if it's similar to
           | Mainland China then then many of them started with learning
           | English when they were 3 or so. The level of English you get
           | from that is rather disappointing.
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | We made factflow.io as a side project to help parents drill
         | with their kids. I found it useful with mine, anyway. It's
         | free.
        
         | btkramer9 wrote:
         | I've noticed something similar in University that was very
         | frustrating for me.
         | 
         | Freshmen and Sophmore year all math classes had tens or
         | hundreds of problems that get progressively harder and bring
         | out every corner case e.g. take then derivative of x^2 then
         | 2x^2 then x + 2x^2 then sqrt(x) + 2x^2 + 3x^3. Eventually you
         | could derive the most archaic equations
         | 
         | Junior and Senior year Engineering homework is like 2 Epic
         | questions with 10 parts that feed into eachother. I would have
         | learned more and been more confident if they gave like 10-20
         | starter problems and then one final epic one at the end.
         | 
         | I feel like this is similar to the story of a pottery class
         | having half the class make as many items as possible while the
         | other half had to make just 1 perfect piece. The group that was
         | targeting quantity actually produced better pieces then the
         | group that was targeting 1 perfect piece
         | 
         | edit: typo
        
       | killingtime74 wrote:
       | If I wanted to be a better entrepreneur or engineer what drills
       | would I do? Talking to customers? Marketing?
        
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