[HN Gopher] Plants that change our consciousness
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       Plants that change our consciousness
        
       Author : Hooke
       Score  : 64 points
       Date   : 2021-07-02 18:01 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newstatesman.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newstatesman.com)
        
       | Wonnk13 wrote:
       | Tim Ferris's recent interview of Pollan is excellent, definitely
       | check it out: https://tim.blog/podcast/
       | 
       | I think I might finally have the motivation to read his earlier
       | book How to Change Your Mind
        
         | sharadov wrote:
         | How to Change your mind is a fantastic book. Most books which
         | talk about drugs are written by overzealous, hippy types who
         | claim to have seen the light. This was the first time that a
         | serious yet entertaining author like Pollan reported on a
         | controversial subject. I particularly liked his gonzo form of
         | reporting.
        
       | RemySoc wrote:
       | Pollan's book "Caffeine" is weak in facts, don't fall for buying
       | it.
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | https://archive.md/Xgrmp
        
       | wombatmobile wrote:
       | Dr Richard Evans Schultes' Extraordinary Research with Amazonian
       | Shamans
       | 
       | The incredible Amazonian expeditions of Richard Evans Schultes
       | made this Harvard University researcher a legend of ethnobotany,
       | and brought us a wealth of knowledge about Indigenous culture and
       | plant medicine use.
       | 
       | https://kahpi.net/richard-evans-schultes-amazon-shaman/
        
       | DubiousPusher wrote:
       | This review is much like Pollan's own writing, loose with the
       | facts and wild with conjecture and speculation.
       | 
       | > so perhaps it is little wonder that the permanently sozzled
       | intellectuals of the Middle Ages were prone to magical thinking.
       | 
       | What? Drinking alcohol adulterated water remained a common
       | practice until the late 1800s. And we don't have reason to
       | believe people were hammered all the time. Generally drink was
       | lower in alcohol content then and it was usually cut with water.
       | 
       | > It's unclear from the book (and from my subsequent Google
       | searches) whether the spider was given the arachnid equivalent of
       | a single cappuccino or a more Balzacian dose, which makes the
       | comparison with other drugs less helpful, but Pollan's point is
       | that caffeine changes us more than we realise.
       | 
       | Is there even an equivalent? Spiders barely have what we consider
       | a brain. I'm not sure much other than cellular science is
       | translatable from spiders to humans.
       | 
       | > societies tend to ban those plants that appear to pose a threat
       | to the social order.
       | 
       | That seems pretty suspect. Western societies after all have
       | tolerated alcohol, probably one of the most destabilizing drugs
       | there is, for centuries. It seems to me, they ban what is
       | unfamiliar or rather, they ban anything that hasn't reached large
       | usage among the power class of that society.
        
         | pmoriarty wrote:
         | _> > societies tend to ban those plants that appear to pose a
         | threat to the social order._
         | 
         |  _> That seems pretty suspect. Western societies after all have
         | tolerated alcohol, probably one of the most destabilizing drugs
         | there is, for centuries. It seems to me, they ban what is
         | unfamiliar or rather, they ban anything that hasn 't reached
         | large usage among the power class of that society._
         | 
         | Enforcement of anti-drug laws falls pretty heavily on the lower
         | classes of society, particularly minorities. The ruling classes
         | can pretty much get away with doing whatever drugs they want,
         | rarely with any serious legal repercussions.
         | 
         | Psychedelics and cannabis were very strongly associated with
         | the counterculture, religious and sex cults, social justice and
         | antiwar movements, and with dropping out of the mainstream
         | culture in the 1960's and 70's. This, along with wide-eyed
         | sensational reporting of drug-related tragedies caused a full-
         | blown moral panic that led to their being banned.
         | 
         | Alcohol never had a history of use that was even remotely close
         | to this and it was widely used among all classes in society
         | (including the ruling class). It too was banned in the US in
         | the early part of the 20th Century until Prohibition was
         | recognized to be much worse than allowing alcohol to be legal.
        
           | DubiousPusher wrote:
           | > Alcohol never had a history of use that was even remotely
           | close to this
           | 
           | Are you kidding? People used to get drunk and riot all the
           | time in major American and European cities. Have you ever
           | read about the gin craze?
           | 
           | What is banned is certainly affected by the sensationalistic
           | stories and the perceived scariness of it. But IMO the actual
           | result of what does get banned has more to do with the
           | cultural status quo, in group power and out group xenophobia.
           | 
           | The repeal of alcohol prohabition is good evidence of this.
           | Alcohol was traditionally accepted in Western culture for
           | one. It's use was widespread and sometimes even seen as a
           | "right of a passage" among the enfranchised class. America
           | tolerated all kinds of other policy which lead to violence
           | before, during and since prohibition. What got it repealed
           | was that FDR and a lot of other politicians liked to drink. A
           | lot of their voters liked to drink. They saw it as American
           | to drink. They came from an alcohol tradition. Tobacco and
           | caffeine are both intertwined with American middle and upper
           | class identity, especially in the mid 20th century when these
           | bans are really coming down. And of course, they weren't
           | banned.
           | 
           | Psychedelics may have been used by in-group white kids but
           | they were banned before their use could become wide enough to
           | integrate them to the culture. Native support didn't matter
           | because they are such a tiny population and so thuroughly
           | locked out of power.
        
       | fallingfrog wrote:
       | I tried salvia divinorum a few times, and the biggest insight I
       | got from it was that the human brain is a machine, and is
       | designed to do a specific thing, but if you throw a bunch of
       | chemicals into it you can convert it into a machine for doing
       | other random things like generate visual garbage and noise. I
       | felt like my working memory had been reduced to only persisting
       | for a half second, and my thoughts were reflected back onto
       | themselves, making me get stuck in a moment in time and making it
       | impossible to hold onto a train of thought, and my visual field
       | was looped back on itself like when you point a camera at its own
       | screen. I didn't find the experience pleasurable, really.
        
         | palimpsests wrote:
         | did you consume this via smoking or sublingual administration?
         | 
         | your experience sounds like that which can happen when salvia
         | divinorum is smoked.
         | 
         | the traditional method of consumption by the Mazatec people
         | (who have used this plant medicine in ritual for thousands of
         | years) is sublingual.
         | 
         | creates an incredibly different effect than smoking it. tends
         | to be much more pleasant and easier to integrate.
         | 
         | I do know several folks who quite enjoy smoking it. They are in
         | the minority, however.
        
           | filoeleven wrote:
           | From what I've read, the dissociative effects are much
           | greater from smoking it than from the sublingual route. A
           | minority of people enjoy dissociative effects, so your report
           | makes sense.
           | 
           | I'm curious about what makes certain people enjoy
           | dissociatives, since most people find them very
           | uncomfortable.
        
           | fallingfrog wrote:
           | Smoked. Never tried it sublingually.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | The speculative stuff around this is super fun. Proceed at your
       | own risk.
       | 
       | How does an animal stumble on the existence of geometry? Impaired
       | sensory input creates feedback loops that yield periodic
       | patterns. How does it begin apprehend the scope of something
       | greater than its senses? Impairing those senses and seeing the
       | edges. How do ancient people hear supposedly divine messages?
       | Inhaling smoke from burning plants that contain substances that
       | cause said impairment, like if a common regional bush that
       | contained these substances caught fire, on a mountain somewhere,
       | just randomly. If the knowledge from this tree that contained
       | this chemical were forbidden, how would you preserve it? Rituals,
       | symbols, allegories, etc. Who would forbid it and why?
       | 
       | Bonkers fun! I should pitch the Ancient Aliens people on a
       | hallucinogens spinoff. If only there were someone with the right
       | hair.
       | 
       | While I'm partially joking, there is a deep internet rabbit hole
       | on that stuff, and given we've evolved video games where you
       | discover random things within the system to level up - and if we
       | were in one (as some prominent tech figures suspect), we could
       | probably find similar hints encoded in what we percieve as the
       | biology of this one. It would be part of the design. To close the
       | loop on the analogy, the logical substrate of a video game is in
       | effect its own "biology," so to Super Mario, those mushrooms were
       | as real as he was.
       | 
       | When you look at how as biological entities, we have evolved our
       | own artificial game systems where we practice "leveling up" using
       | found artifacts within the games, and it seems reasonable that
       | this is self-similar to the rules and our experience of the
       | world.
       | 
       | In that worldview, these plants, while of our same logical
       | substrate, alter our perception of our physics and biology, and
       | create a different experience of it where we percieve it without
       | the same rules, and these are the clues within our logical layer
       | that there is an encompassing set of rules to be discovered.
       | Literally everything is a clue.
       | 
       | The shamanistic rituals aren't there to make us believe in
       | spirits, they are wisely and sufficiently ridiculous to make the
       | leveled up experience seem somehow sufficiently un-real and
       | dismissable so that we can take from it and re-engage
       | constructively on this level after acquiring knowledge of what's
       | beyond.
       | 
       | Who wants to be on the show? :)
        
         | generalizations wrote:
         | Write a book and pitch it to the network. Could be fun. :)
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | The note on spiders on drugs reminds me of the Canadian
       | documentary bit: https://youtu.be/p2HipedgM3I
        
         | cs2733 wrote:
         | Priceless, thanks!
        
       | throwaway284534 wrote:
       | I would love to hear what you all think about addiction, or at
       | least a lack of addiction. I've always seemed to have a very low
       | pain tolerance, and over the counter meds just don't do much for
       | me. On a few occasions I've been given stronger drugs like
       | oxytocin and codeine -- and the first thing people say is to
       | watch out for their addictive properties. I...don't seem to crave
       | them, or anything else for that matter. Don't get me wrong, I
       | _crave_ pain relief after having surgery. But once my wounds are
       | healed, I can have a few pills sitting in my cabinet for months.
       | 
       | It's the same thing with alcohol, weed, and Adderall. I enjoy
       | their effects, but I've never felt that kind of magnetic pull
       | other people seem to fear. I suppose the closest I've experienced
       | to addiction is in dark chocolate. I suspect I have a magnesium
       | deficiency that chocolate seems to sate every single time. Could
       | it be that addiction is also a chronic deficiency in other
       | physical needs?
        
         | ruined wrote:
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_Park
        
           | the-dude wrote:
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_Park#Replication
        
         | palimpsests wrote:
         | I am a counselor who works with a lot of people suffering from
         | chronic substance/behavior misuse (i.e. addiction).
         | 
         | check out the work of Dr Gabor Mate.
         | 
         | addiction is much less an intrinsic property of a substance and
         | has much more to do with a combination of personal factors like
         | upbringing, ACEs (adverse/traumatic childhood events),
         | modeling, and some genetics.
         | 
         | it is not uncommon at all for someone to try an "addictive"
         | substance like, say, cocaine, and never feel a pull to ever
         | take it again.
        
           | filoeleven wrote:
           | Do you have insights/opinions on the difference between
           | physical and psychological addictions? Everything I've read
           | draws a distinction between the two, though not any hard-and-
           | fast rules.
           | 
           | I'm especially curious about your take on things like
           | nicotine or caffeine, which are generally considered to have
           | more physically-addictive properties, whereas cocaine in my
           | readings lies more in the mentally-addictive space (strong
           | sense of motivation and empowerment and maybe
           | invulnerability) up to a certain point.
           | 
           | Anything from shopping to SCUBA to hoarding can be
           | psychologically addictive, so it seems like a much broader
           | range of activities that is more affected by personal
           | factors, whereas a physical addition is a craving/habit of
           | the body. But I have no personal experience of viewing these
           | in lots of people or from a trained counselor's perspective.
        
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