[HN Gopher] Another 0-day looms for many Western Digital users
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Another 0-day looms for many Western Digital users
        
       Author : danso
       Score  : 276 points
       Date   : 2021-07-02 16:14 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (krebsonsecurity.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (krebsonsecurity.com)
        
       | fnord77 wrote:
       | when this whole unfortunate thing is done, will there be a lot of
       | cheap WD nas drives on ebay?
        
       | ocdtrekkie wrote:
       | So, for those who don't know: Your MyCloud will spam you six
       | times a day about firmware updates if you didn't update. They
       | replaced the vulnerable OS back in March. So people probably
       | should know/have done this by now. It's hardly a zero-day at this
       | point: It was fixed months ago.
       | 
       | Second, and I feel like this should be obvious: People should not
       | be exposing their NAS appliance directly to the Internet! Stop
       | doing it. Just don't. If you do, you deserve what you get,
       | because you intentionally went into your consumer-grade firewall
       | and poked a hole in it.
        
         | markzzerella wrote:
         | Except for the folks that can't update and WD won't provide a
         | patch, telling them to buy a new device.
        
         | MrStonedOne wrote:
         | > They replaced the vulnerable OS back in March.
         | 
         | When a full rewrite that removed functionality, so some users
         | aren't going to bother to update, and as far as I'm concerned,
         | thats on WD, not the users.
        
           | ocdtrekkie wrote:
           | It's still not a zero day: Fixed software has been available
           | for months. And it's free.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | Are you sure it's always intentional? There might be some UPnP
         | thing going on here.
        
           | ocdtrekkie wrote:
           | Possible, though we should shame any routers that still allow
           | uPnP. The horror. And MyCloud does default to local only
           | communication.
        
         | DiabloD3 wrote:
         | I don't think you understand that they use dark patterns that
         | default to the incorrect, dangerous, behavior.
         | 
         | Western Digital is not free of sin.
        
       | causality0 wrote:
       | Products that rely on third party servers to function should be
       | required to carry an expiration date that guarantees service and
       | security patches up to that date.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | No, that's even worse. It's called planned obsolescence.
         | 
         | Instead, along the same lines as right to repair, such products
         | should be required to release the firmware source code.
        
           | Frost1x wrote:
           | Planned obsolescence seems better than unplanned
           | obsolescence? If your uniformed consumer were informed of the
           | lifetime of the product they buy, they _might_ not be conned
           | into buying things your informed consumer is aware of and
           | avoids.
           | 
           | That's good because, as of current, when the population of
           | uninformed consumers drive market forces, they often push out
           | the options informed consumers would choose or at the very
           | least, create trends towards the uninformed bias purchases
           | that force informed consumers to start choosing the same
           | options as well or drive up prices for the products informed
           | consumers often buy due to lessened demand.
           | 
           | You know, when a bunch of people decide we'll let businesses
           | stop producing devices we can repair or put out rent-seeking
           | price structures and the rest of people are forced to use
           | those options, all because of large scale manipulation of
           | consumer perception. Then we end up with markets filled with
           | garbage with fluffy profit margins for their owners... Then
           | again, cigarettes still have a large market somehow, so maybe
           | we're out of luck either way.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | conductr wrote:
         | I feel like this is implied or should be. Even if not explicit,
         | you _should_ know you can 't get unlimited software updated
         | into eternity which is what I believe you're saying omission of
         | an expiration date means.
        
           | causality0 wrote:
           | Sure, _I_ know that, but the average consumer doesn 't. When
           | an average consumer buys a thermostat for ten times what she
           | paid for her last one she expects it to last twenty years
           | like her last one did. When a ten year old buys a videogame
           | he expects it to be playable until he throws it away or sells
           | it. "People shouldn't be so naive" is not the correct
           | response to the precipitous decline in the quality of
           | consumer goods.
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | They still support this device and there is an OS update that
         | closes the vulnerability.
         | 
         | They are providing data recovery services to customers of the
         | older devices. Would have been nice if they warned those
         | customers about the vulnerability when they found out about it,
         | even if the fix was to buy another $X00 product.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | _there is an OS update that closes the vulnerability_
           | 
           | Not for all devices: The article indicates that some may not
           | be compatible with OS 5 and that WD says those customers
           | should buy a new one.
        
             | MrStonedOne wrote:
             | and its a full rewrite of the OS that is missing some
             | functionality used by users.
        
               | naikrovek wrote:
               | who cares about missing functionality when compared with
               | deletion of your data?
               | 
               | surely deletion of data is worse alternative to losing
               | the ability to theme the web UI, or whatever.
               | 
               | this is why Microsoft has so many updates so often for
               | Windows 10. security issues which require no intervention
               | from the victim are VERY REAL, and when left alone,
               | _users will not update_. this has been proven time and
               | time again. A user can take no action and still be
               | vulnerable today when they were not yesterday. this WD
               | instance is yet another example of users not knowing what
               | is best for themselves; not knowing to update their
               | devices, or to take their devices off of the internet.
               | 
               | there are secure, free, easy-to-setup ways to access
               | files over the internet on a NAS which does not have
               | internet access...
               | 
               | WD will hopefully force users to update in the future for
               | internet connected devices, and for devices that go out
               | of support, and can no longer receive updates, WD should
               | take them off the internet as a final action, to protect
               | the consumer.
               | 
               | THIS EXACT SITUATION is why updates should be forced on
               | users.
               | 
               | nothing shoots itself in the foot as often or as
               | thoroughly as a user that doesn't know what they're
               | doing, believing they know what they're doing.
        
               | MrStonedOne wrote:
               | This exact situation is why users don't update.
        
       | seventytwo wrote:
       | WD has been cutting engineering corners for years. It's finally
       | catching up.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | "they discovered a chain of weaknesses that allows an attacker to
       | remotely update a vulnerable device's firmware with a malicious
       | backdoor"
       | 
       | Once again, this is why firmware needs a hardware write-enable
       | switch, not a software one.
       | 
       | Cue the arguments that remote updating is needed to fix bugs that
       | allow remote updating. :-/
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | I'm genuinely curious -- is there any empirical evidence to
         | show that's the most effective approach?
         | 
         | Because then the firmware can never auto-update, but needs to
         | be manually and explicitly done -- flick the switch, apply the
         | update, flick again.
         | 
         | And clearly a significant proportion of people (probably a very
         | large majority if we're being honest) will simply never update
         | firmware.
         | 
         | So which is the bigger threat: unpatched firmware, or firmware
         | auto-update vulnerabilities?
         | 
         | The answer doesn't seem intuitively obvious at all to me. But
         | there must be stats available -- frequencies and severities of
         | vulnerability categories, and how often people update firmware
         | on non-auto-updating devices. So it doesn't seem terribly hard
         | to compute an answer?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | wccrawford wrote:
         | "Cue", not "Queue".
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Fixed.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | anonuser123456 wrote:
         | That might add an additional 1$ to the BOM. In quantity of 10
         | million, that's a lot of extra money for a feature that maybe
         | 100 people will use.
         | 
         | Not arguing against the idea, just saying that the economics
         | will never work in favor of this.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | That's why I've suggested that every time you buy a disk
           | drive, when posting a review, take off 1 star for no write-
           | enable switch.
        
             | tinus_hn wrote:
             | I suggest everyone who has a use for such a switch do that.
             | But I think they already do that.
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | Add $1 to BOM, add $2 to price, problem solved.
        
             | anonuser123456 wrote:
             | As someone that works with OEMs in the semiconductor
             | business... I wish this were true.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | I want hardware switches for:
         | 
         | 1. firmware updating
         | 
         | 2. write-enable for disk contents
         | 
         | 3. turning the microphone on
         | 
         | 4. turning the camera on
         | 
         | In a surprise development, the webcam I just bought comes with
         | a flip-up lens cap. Yay! It's Nexigo, they deserve a shout-out
         | for this. But in the Dept of Half-Assed Features, the lens cap
         | does not disable the microphone, so I still have to unplug it
         | when not in use.
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | > I want hardware switches for
           | 
           | Here you go: https://puri.sm/security/.
        
             | folmar wrote:
             | Also PinePhone.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | pinephone's hardware switches are kind of an afterthought
               | and not particularly accessible, being behind the battery
               | cover in the form of a tiny block of DIP switches better
               | suited to one-time configuration.
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | Exactly. With Pinephone, you will not be able to switch
               | on your microphone while receiving a phone call, unlike
               | with Librem 5.
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | Bug or feature is that?
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | Depends on whether you need a microphone during a phone
               | call.
        
           | agilob wrote:
           | >3. turning the microphone on
           | 
           | instead we have undocumented microphones for 'future
           | purposes'. Thanks Google
        
           | ManBlanket wrote:
           | My workstation came equipped with a removable piece of
           | masking tape I found in the supply closet.
        
           | reaperducer wrote:
           | _2. write-enable for disk contents_
           | 
           | It's funny how such basic things from the past were thrown
           | away. Every floppy disk ever had this.
           | 
           | However, i also believe that if such a thing existed for
           | modern gear, it would only be used by 1% of people, and even
           | then, mostly accidentally, resulting in millions of trouble
           | tickets. So I'm not sure what the compromise is.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | I don't buy the argument that if not everyone uses it,
             | nobody should get it.
             | 
             | BTW, I would read TV repair manuals as a kid (yes, weird).
             | There was always the "check to see if it is plugged in".
             | Plugging TVs in made a lot of money for service people.
             | 
             | I see similar things in car manuals for car won't start.
             | "Put gas in it."
             | 
             | Edit: This was back in the days when you could repair a TV
             | with a soldering iron and a screwdriver. Every hardware
             | store had a tube testing machine. I'd have fun by randomly
             | swapping the tubes that fit in the same socket and seeing
             | what effect that would have on the TV's operation.
        
               | Stratoscope wrote:
               | And of course, blow the dust out of the connector!
               | 
               | https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20040303-00/?p
               | =40...
               | 
               | I was also the family "TV tube test person" as a kid. I
               | must have been around 6 or 7.
               | 
               | For the young'uns, TV sets used to have tubes and hand-
               | soldered point-to-point circuitry. Just like an ENIAC, a
               | tube TV would always "go on the fritz" as the tubes
               | burned out.
               | 
               | My dad showed me how to pull out all the tubes, and we
               | would put them in a cigar box and go to the little corner
               | grocery, which had a tube tester in front. I would dial
               | up all the settings for each tube and test it, and we
               | would buy replacements for the bad ones. Take them back
               | home and I would plug them in, and the TV worked again!
               | Dad was always generous and made sure I got credit for
               | it.
               | 
               | BTW did you ever get to discharge the high voltage
               | connection to the picture tube with a screwdriver and
               | wire with alligator clips? One clip to chassis ground,
               | the other to the screwdriver, then slip the screwdriver
               | under the rubber insulated connector, and BANG!
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tube
        
             | fullstop wrote:
             | SD cards had this, but it's up to the driver to respect
             | that. There is nothing in hardware preventing writes, it's
             | just a signal to software saying "Hey, please don't write
             | to me!"
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | I don't remember PATA(IDE) disks having Write Enable jumper
             | settings. Apparently some parallel SCSI drives had them but
             | pretty rare for non-removable media at all.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I do remember them. I'm old.
        
           | elric wrote:
           | Microphones are ... tricky. I remember seeing a proof of
           | concept of using laptop speakers as a microphone. And more
           | recently, I read about using the mouse to "listen" in on the
           | environment. Apparently the sensors in mice are sensitive
           | enough to detect a lot of vibration. Not good enough to
           | listen in on a conversation, but give it time ...
        
           | bjt2n3904 wrote:
           | A "firmware update" hardware switch is challenging to
           | implement. A "read only" switch means you have to separate
           | your firmware and your configuration into two separate
           | storage devices.
           | 
           | Hardware switches are easier for microphones and cameras,
           | because you literally cut the power for a device.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Challenging, but almost always possible.
             | 
             | Most flash chips have a write-enable line that you can put
             | a switch on. Usually have to cut a trace but often can
             | avoid soldering right to the legs by following traces.
             | 
             | Was a common thing to do to receivers ("Integrated Receiver
             | Decoders") back in the paytv days. Thankfully they had
             | firmware on a parallel eeprom and config stuff on a smaller
             | serial eeprom (that could handle 1m writes instead of 1k
             | writes). Receivers could have a lot of wires especially
             | after they implemented some lock-detection that had to be
             | countered with some 74ac logic that could disrupt the 2nd
             | step of starting a write job.
             | 
             | Should be doable for something like a router or cable
             | modem, but maybe not on something like these WD drives.
             | Like a mod chip without having to worry about the vendor
             | trying to counter you.
             | 
             | Of course you're still screwed if something is only non-
             | persistent but at least any issues are resolved with a
             | simple reboot.
        
             | ComputerGuru wrote:
             | > A "firmware update" hardware switch is challenging to
             | implement.
             | 
             | No, it's not. The actual low-level chip on the flash has a
             | separate pin that must be connected to ground to enable
             | writes.
        
               | bjt2n3904 wrote:
               | I'll tell you what!
               | 
               | You make an embedded Linux device with a read only
               | partition based on a hardware switch. You figure out all
               | the bugs that are caused by software not being able to
               | write temporary files to disk. You figure out how to do
               | configuration management on a separate system with
               | something more complicated than a ten line YAML file.
               | 
               | Want to change your password? That's /etc/shadow -- did
               | you some how rig that up to be writeable, while the rest
               | of /etc was not? Also, since I presume your management
               | decided to not let the users have root, because of course
               | they did... You'll need to resort to software tricks to
               | make sure the user can't change the root password.
               | 
               | Oh, and remember. No software read only tricks. Hardware
               | switch.
               | 
               | Please let me know when you finish, I'll help audit your
               | system.
               | 
               | Last edit: To all the reply guys, yes. I know it's
               | possible. My statement is it isn't easy, and there are
               | many challenges. (Especially compared with the simplicity
               | of a power cut switch to a webcam.)
               | 
               | I can make you a microcontroller with a firmware update
               | switch that blinks a light. By the time you scale that up
               | to a full fledged embedded Linux system with a board
               | designed in house, with weird hardware that is keeping
               | you back on Linux 3.16 because nobody knows how to port
               | your drivers, with cryptographically signed updates,
               | fault tolerant firmware slots, and a nasty stack of
               | software developed by web devs that can't fathom why they
               | can't write to disk, that has to interoperate with legacy
               | hardware and systems, that has a management bureaucracy
               | that can't understand why it's taking so long to
               | implement the new media server plugin, and devices in the
               | field aren't getting automatic updates...
               | 
               | No. No it's not easy. Part way through, management will
               | kill the project, you'll end up with a switch that's read
               | in software, and eventually wind up on the front of HN as
               | someone who did security wrong.
               | 
               | But by all means, take your "easy" idea to WD and tell
               | them you'll have it working on their devices by Q1 2022.
        
               | ikiris wrote:
               | Dude, this is basic overlay filesystem stuff / just look
               | at every live image ever.
        
               | ComputerGuru wrote:
               | I've already done it, and it's not that hard. Others have
               | done more. It's the best way to avoid SD card or flash
               | write wear. My production devices default to read-only
               | mode and must have a dip switch toggled before any
               | changes persist beyond the shadow ram-resident overlay
               | that resets at power cycle.
               | 
               | (Aside: As for my idea of a configuration system, I've
               | developed entire [incremental!] build systems that take a
               | kernel source tree and configuration files and generate
               | fully boot-ready images with drivers, packages, and even
               | GUI support down to specifying the themes and customizing
               | panel layouts, and more via a fully declarative syntax.
               | The images have been booted on commodity hardware not
               | under our control spanning some twenty-plus years of
               | technology on more than a 100k machines. This is HN: not
               | everyone is merely an armchair expert in whatever the
               | topic of discussion is for today. It can be beneficial to
               | assume expertise is out there and seek it rather than
               | deny things are possible.)
        
               | philips wrote:
               | You can use an overlay filesystem to do this or do like
               | CoreOS or ChromeOS and have a read only root with
               | necessary symlinks to a writable directory. Systemd also
               | has helpers for this.
        
               | EvanAnderson wrote:
               | I thought that was a solved problem w/ "unionfs" or such.
               | Lots of Linux-based devices boot from read-only media.
        
               | NavinF wrote:
               | Have you ever used a Linux LiveCD? Or booted a machine
               | off the network? The latter is a very common way to
               | operate servers.
               | 
               | In both cases you can write to the filesystem just fine.
               | The writes just stay in RAM and don't get committed to
               | disk.
               | 
               | There are cons to this approach, but you've listed none
               | that apply in the real world
        
               | bjt2n3904 wrote:
               | I've built a BusyBox image that TFTPs over to do the
               | initial firmware flash, all ramdisk based. I've got
               | physically write protected ICs on my boards. I almost
               | rigged up my board to do write once NOR flash for U-boot.
               | I know read only systems can be built, and everything
               | else can be tmpfs. (And infact, I've built them.)
               | 
               | People seem to be thinking I'm saying this is impossible.
               | I'm not, I never did. I'm sorry I'm frustrated, but it's
               | difficult to respond to things you didn't say.
               | 
               | I'm saying, compared to a power cut switch for a webcam
               | (which, I seem to remember even Apple screwed up
               | accidently), a write protect switch is more challenging.
               | 
               | A power cut switch is mostly challenging mechanically.
               | How do I get the dang thing on the case? But otherwise,
               | that's the only consideration.
               | 
               | For a truly hardware based write protect switch that
               | disables write capabilities at the silicon level, you
               | have to adapt your image, your software, your hardware,
               | and many of your procedures for the bring up process.
               | 
               | Is that challenging? For some people in this thread, I
               | suppose not. But compared with a power cut? Orders of
               | magnitude more challenging. Especially when you are
               | bringing this to a massive codebase that hasn't had this
               | as a design consideration.
        
               | cesarb wrote:
               | Often, the same chip is used for more than just firmware.
               | For instance, for UEFI firmware AFAIK it's common to have
               | the UEFI variables stored on the same flash chip; not
               | being able to write to these variables will break more
               | than just firmware update.
        
               | mananaysiempre wrote:
               | I don't know how PC hardware does it, but
               | microcontrollers typically have separate "flash" (large,
               | less write cycles, requires complex rituals to write,
               | executable) for programs and "EEPROM" (small, more write
               | cycles, requires little if any preparation to write,
               | often non-executable) for configuration and (very
               | lightweight) logging. Prohibiting writes to the former
               | but not the latter shouldn't be particularly difficult,
               | although I've yet to see a chip that would actually do
               | it.
        
               | ComputerGuru wrote:
               | This is actually why bios chips fail so often in personal
               | computers.
        
               | ComputerGuru wrote:
               | Yeah, it's a bit more nuanced in practice. Most chips now
               | have the ability to specify ranges that are locked or
               | unlocked which then have different requirements for what
               | it takes to write to them, and treat the /W line
               | differently depending on that configuration. But they're
               | also 20c parts, so using two chips isn't crazy (many use
               | multiple either as backup or for the different components
               | anyway).
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | The firmware and configuration are already split into
             | several devices. These machines have Arm Cortex A9 and
             | similar processors that go through several stages to start
             | up:
             | 
             | First, some internal boot ROM, likely with fuses burned in
             | for the particular IO configuration, reads a bootloader
             | (likely Das U-boot) from external flash memory. That first-
             | stage bootloader initializes the parallel/SPI NAND/NOR
             | flash interface and DRAM controllers, and then launches the
             | second-stage bootloader. The second-stage bootloader uses
             | those memory controllers to read the firmware image out of
             | memory into RAM, then executes it.
             | 
             | If you want to update the firmware - more precisely, to
             | change the location or signature of the image that should
             | be loaded by the second-stage bootloader - it would be
             | trivial to add a check for a GPIO switch to allow or deny
             | changes.
        
             | edoceo wrote:
             | Challenging? I think you mean fun.
        
           | jackpirate wrote:
           | > 3. turning the microphone on
           | 
           | Most people are surprised that speakers can be used as
           | microphones by "running them in reverse", and so you also
           | need a hardware switch for your speakers to maintain privacy.
        
             | tux1968 wrote:
             | This may be a horribly naive question, but do computers
             | have the circuitry/sensors required to treat speakers as an
             | input device?
        
               | staticautomatic wrote:
               | Sure. Try setting a pair of headphones as a mic and then
               | talking into them.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | If you're worried about a secret hardware input attached to
             | the speakers, you might as well be worried about a secret
             | extra microphone. And at that point switches won't help at
             | all.
             | 
             | If there's non-secret hardware inputs on the speakers...
             | it's probably easier to just remove that.
        
               | LukeShu wrote:
               | You've misunderstood. There's no extra hardware, secret
               | or non-secret. It's possible to run devices in reverse.
               | Take a computer with separate headphone/microphone jacks
               | (not the combined jack), and plug a speaker in to the
               | microphone jack and scream in to the speaker; the speaker
               | hardware works just fine as a (crappy) microphone. Or try
               | the opposite, plug a microphone in to the speaker jack
               | and turn the volume up, you'll hear sound coming out of
               | the microphone.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | If the user plugs their speakers into the microphone
               | jack, that is either a deliberate act or a mistake that
               | will be quickly fixed. It's not a threat to the user.
               | 
               | The threat is if the _speaker jack_ has recording
               | hardware. That 's why I said "attached to the speakers".
               | 
               | If you're thinking about adding a switch to disable
               | recording via the speaker jack, for safety purposes, you
               | should probably just remove that capability entirely.
        
               | beerandt wrote:
               | The point is that jacks are software configurable on most
               | computers. So a speaker jack is a setting change away
               | from being a microphone jack.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | No, everyone understood just fine. The point is that
               | speakers behind an amplifier can't be used as a
               | microphone with just a software change. And if you're
               | worried about malicious hardware that would allow that,
               | then you might as well be worried about an extra hidden
               | microphone.
        
             | zootboy wrote:
             | While technically true, in most real life situations, this
             | is not possible to exploit. If the speakers have an
             | amplifier in line with them, they will not work in reverse.
             | If the speakers are built in to a laptop, the driver
             | circuitry will not allow them to work in reverse.
             | 
             | Pretty much the only way this might be possible is if you
             | had an audio port that was capable of functioning as both a
             | TRS output and a TRS input (not a TRRS "headset" port), and
             | had a set of headphones plugged into said port, and had a
             | piece of malicious software that was able to reconfigure
             | the port to act as an input.
        
               | orbital-decay wrote:
               | _> Pretty much the only way this might be possible is if
               | you had an audio port that was capable of functioning as
               | both a TRS output and a TRS input_
               | 
               | Most embedded PC sound cards made in the last few years
               | have this.
               | 
               | (also, you'll need headphones without an amplifier as
               | well!)
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | When I was a boy I'd hook up a speaker to a phono input,
               | which made a great PA system! An even longer wire
               | attached to the phono input turned any amplifier into an
               | AM radio.
               | 
               | A simple intercom is just two speakers, one on each end,
               | wired together in a loop.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | Nice!
               | 
               | In my childhood I took apart a broken WalkMan and
               | discovered if I connected a random ~8" loudspeaker driver
               | in the tape head's place, I could eavesdrop on my
               | siblings and parents from across the house by placing the
               | speaker against the walls or floor, complete with volume
               | control and everything.
               | 
               | It was incredibly sensitive, and infuriating to learn how
               | much everyone was constantly lying and talking behind
               | eachother's backs at that age.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >and had a piece of malicious software that was able to
               | reconfigure the port to act as an input.
               | 
               | That's actually a feature of many realtek sound drivers.
               | https://www.reaper-x.com/2012/02/13/how-to-remap-
               | retasking-r...
        
             | LudwigNagasena wrote:
             | Shouldn't it be possible to disallow this on the level of
             | the sound card?
        
           | luke2m wrote:
           | My new Lenovo has a built in camera cover which was a nice
           | surprise, but only a software hotkey for the mic.
        
           | caleblloyd wrote:
           | I recently bought USB off/on switches [1] for the external
           | webcam and microphone on my desktop. I think they control the
           | power line and not the data lines, but they do the trick.
           | Reduces port fatigue and USB orientation frustration.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B08M44D79T
        
             | jareklupinski wrote:
             | funny story, i just spent a day troubleshooting why a
             | microcontroller would not reset after cutting its power
             | lines
             | 
             | turns out it was leeching power from another still-active
             | device through its data pins!
             | 
             | there was not enough power flowing through this way to
             | actually do something, but there was enough to keep the
             | brownout detector from kicking in and resetting the chip
        
               | a1369209993 wrote:
               | To be fair, the 'correct' way to do this is to use a
               | double-pole switch that actively pulls (whole-device) VCC
               | to ground when off, but that has it's own problems,
               | especially if any of your sensors are capable of
               | generating electricity on their own (piezoelectric
               | microphone, radio reciever, alleged photo'transistor's
               | that can operate photovoltaicly, etc).
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | I mirrored the pinout of an AVR once and spent a few
               | hours debugging why ISP wasn't working (so I unsocketed
               | it for programming) and all the pins were wrong. It
               | worked just fine pulling ground and Vcc from the I/O pins
               | just opposite. These are of course fairly low-power 1.8-5
               | V devices, so when run on 5 V there is a huge margin for
               | the supply voltage.
        
               | phaker wrote:
               | You were powering it through the protection diodes.
               | 
               | Some 10-15 years ago someone built dirt simple radio tags
               | this way. Just a microcontroller, with a capacitor and an
               | antenna trace connected to some io pin. I loved that
               | hack.
        
               | myself248 wrote:
               | https://scanlime.org/2008/09/using-an-avr-as-an-rfid-tag/
        
             | thechao wrote:
             | Now I _really_ want a USB blade switch.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | I didn't know those existed. Nice! But it does have a
             | serious flaw - no indication which switch position is "On"
             | or "Off". C'mon, makers!
        
               | bonestamp2 wrote:
               | True, but that flaw can be addressed with a label maker.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Trust me, I have a label maker and use it :-)
               | 
               | It's really, really helpful to figure out which wall wart
               | goes with which device.
               | 
               | Another tip I learned from another. You know those green
               | plastic tabs that keep a bread bag closed? They clip onto
               | a cable nicely, and write on them with a sharpie which
               | device the other end is attached to. That really helps
               | with the rat's nest of wires under my desk. One of them
               | says "cam" on it :-)
        
               | a1369209993 wrote:
               | Also cellophane tape with a chunk of index card inside.
               | (More legible on account of high contrast.)
        
               | thechao wrote:
               | My boss took my label maker away. Apparently, I am "not
               | responsible".
               | 
               | Also, with respect to cables, this is _really_ why we
               | need tri-colored braided cables from a reputable dealer
               | (ANKER!?): white, black, gray, blue -- that gives 64
               | possible combinations!
        
       | uhhyeahdude wrote:
       | This is why I just let the NSA do my backup management for me.
        
         | coolspot wrote:
         | Easy to recover the backup using a FOIA request too!
        
       | quijoteuniv wrote:
       | Every time I read replies or comments from WD the less i want to
       | buy anything from them again. Very disappointing as every few
       | years i buy 1 drive that backsup all my previous backups plus the
       | new stuff. So i guess all my drives are unsupported. Not buying
       | any cloud solution, NAS ever. A company not taking care of its
       | customers is either not worth investing or are about to go belly
       | up anytime.
        
         | conductr wrote:
         | Is there a better alternative? Or are the competitors just a
         | day away from their own disaster event?
        
           | quijoteuniv wrote:
           | Good point, i did go for cheap and redundant with WD. Also i
           | like to have spare power suplies, meaning 2 or 3 drives
           | Within same line, will use the same. Did that with maxtor 15
           | years ago, those drives still work... but are 120GB. Not sure
           | which is the brand to buy now. But it looks like is time for
           | a change.
        
         | coolspot wrote:
         | Best spinning hard drives though, especially after they
         | acquired HGST.
        
           | freeone3000 wrote:
           | The manufacturing of HGST got sold to Toshiba -- that's where
           | you want to look for quality drives now. HGST is just another
           | WD brand at this point.
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | On the other side I would like to thank synology for 10 years of
       | updates that always worked. This is the way it should be and why
       | I recommend them.
        
         | freeone3000 wrote:
         | We may be using different Synology products. Updates frequently
         | break filesharing or drive sharing or encryption for me.
        
       | CodeWriter23 wrote:
       | IMO if they have a point in time where they decide they will no
       | longer provide security updates, they should adjust the MTBF
       | calculation, setting the maximum possible lifetime to be the EOL
       | on the software.
        
         | chronogram wrote:
         | That sounds ecologically disastrous. Although I remember when I
         | once purchased a TV when they were still tubes, there was an
         | additional EUR9 recycling fee at the time of purchase.
        
           | CodeWriter23 wrote:
           | Not if they extend the software EOL to match the life of the
           | mechanicals.
        
       | themodelplumber wrote:
       | I have a friend who is considering a refurb PC with
       | openmediavault as a replacement for one of these. She isn't using
       | the WD remote access tools, so it's not a security issue with the
       | product, but more like an old-OS issue.
       | 
       | I'm not sure if she plans to shuck the drive for use in the new
       | system, and am wondering if shucking is pretty easy or not...
       | 
       | Does anybody have experience with OMV on this kind of setup? It
       | made me curious.
        
         | mattwad wrote:
         | Not all drives are "shuckable". But this is pretty common, you
         | see people posting shuckable drives on Reddit often when
         | there's a good sale.
        
       | jms55 wrote:
       | The main thing that struck me about this, is that they only
       | supported their NAS for 5 years? It's a NAS, wouldn't the
       | expectation be that people are running this for 10-15 years?
        
       | atatatat wrote:
       | Who still uses this crap?!
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | I've never had any problems with external WD drives on mac.
       | However, my Seagate 4Tb is almost unusable. It corrupts my final
       | cut file every time I'm editing off of it. It will randomly
       | disconnect, such that its still mounted under /Volumes/ but its
       | not actually there. Not sure if its overheating. So wanted to go
       | back to WD, but not sure now.
        
       | ausumm wrote:
       | https://ausum.io/s/Wmp0rFH51RY2PtYe8O7pEYc_czwFLIqcxCHFuwWKs...
       | 
       | Summarized this article into short-form audio for anyone that
       | wants to "read" on-the-go.
        
       | excalibur wrote:
       | "The people pay for the newest version, and the newest version
       | fixes the vulnerability." -- Mitch McConnell
        
       | dec0dedab0de wrote:
       | The video is pretty interesting, it looks like the nobody account
       | was not meant as a backdoor, but the secret api is just doing
       | authentication, without authorization. Couple that with having
       | the api using the Linux auth and you have a problem. ...I wonder
       | if it's doing pam or just reading the shadow file direcly,
       | doesn't really matter
       | 
       | When I first read there was a backdoor account I thought it would
       | be one that was on purpose. At an old job about 15 years ago we
       | used network equipment that had a vendor backdoor built in. Only
       | reason we knew it existed was one of our engineers had recorded a
       | remote session with the vendor's support team. The account gave
       | you full admin access and didn't even show up as another logged
       | in user. It was disturbing to say the least.
        
         | coolspot wrote:
         | Network equipment vendor name?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | oceanghost wrote:
       | So, I've "owned" a PR4100 for 3 or 4 years. I wanted it because
       | it supposedly supported hardware transcoding for Plex. Sadly the
       | transcoding was limited to 5mbps h264-- the signal looked _BAD_.
       | It was like watching confetti. Later the capability was removed
       | altogether.
       | 
       | Which is why I haven't been affected by these 0days as of late--
       | the damned thing is useless and therefore turned off.
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | Why not return it when it didn't work well for Plex?
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Odds are by the time he was done mucking around with all
           | possible plex settings, the return period has passed
        
       | reducesuffering wrote:
       | My parents actually use this Western Digital MyCloud as a local
       | backup because of concerns about data being exported out to cloud
       | servers a la Apple, Microsoft, Google, etc. Are there any
       | recommendations for good local backup solutions for middle aged
       | people not great with tech?
       | 
       | Edit: Needs auto-backups, so it has to be more than a USB or old
       | computer.
        
         | eric__cartman wrote:
         | An Intel NUC style computer with openmediavault, or other easy
         | to use open source NAS solution is what I would use in that
         | case.
         | 
         | If you don't care about the small size of a NUC, an old office
         | PC with a couple hard drives should do well.
        
           | fulafel wrote:
           | Sadly keeping a general purpouse server OS consistently
           | secure and patched up is not realistic for "middle aged
           | people not great with tech". I wonder if there are good
           | affordable ways to outsource this...
        
             | reducesuffering wrote:
             | Agreed. GP reads like the famous Dropbox comment. That just
             | isn't realistic for people that aren't very tech literate.
        
             | eric__cartman wrote:
             | I run Debian on a small file server in my parent's house.
             | Granted I had to set it up for them, but after configuring
             | unattended upgrades, I only needed to work on it to upgrade
             | from Debian 8 to 10 because it was getting close to being
             | EOL. I keep SSH open to the internet in case I need to
             | troubleshoot something. Their computers automatically run
             | weekly incremental backups and it's transparent to them.
             | 
             | It's not the best solution, but it works reasonably well
             | with little maintenance on my part. On Windows you can set
             | a smb drive to mount automatically at boot and it'll behave
             | like a normal drive. So it was easy to explain to them that
             | you can access that folder from both machines
             | simultaneously.
             | 
             | I agree that this is not a good solution for someone that
             | has to set it up themselves. In that case I'd recommend
             | something like a Synology unit.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | If only the OS was simple to use and updated itself...
             | 
             | I have a gigabit connection and am disgrunted that I can't
             | self-host most services I need without turning it into a
             | 2nd job
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | I'm surprised people recommend OMV. It's very "Web 1.0" with
           | its user interface IMO.
           | 
           | I use it myself heavily but that's because you can install it
           | on top of regular debian. So you get a NAS that you can
           | customize to the wazoo. Which I do, it runs a lot of custom
           | scripts. I basically use OMV only as an easy GUI for adding
           | shares, changing out drives etc. I could do it all by hand
           | and perhaps next time I will.
           | 
           | However I wouldn't choose to run it if I didn't have that
           | requirement. There's much more modern options out there.
           | 
           | What made you choose it yourself?
        
         | ok123456 wrote:
         | Synology NAS. Synology does a pretty good job updating their
         | software, and it's a core part of their business.
         | 
         | With WD it's like they just wanted to bolt on some NAS features
         | on the cheap and the result was the current mess.
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | Synology is a totally different price range though. You'd pay
           | the same for the empty NAS as you'd pay for the WD with the
           | drive included :)
           | 
           | But then again it's clear that you get what you pay for.
        
             | ok123456 wrote:
             | A two bay disk-less filled with ~2tb drives is only
             | slightly more.
        
         | filmgirlcw wrote:
         | Synology. QNAP is good too but Synology is probably the easiest
         | to use and they have very strong and long-standing software
         | support.
         | 
         | Edit: QNAP has had some security issues too. I've had Synology
         | gear for close to a decade, interspersed with DIY servers and
         | homelab stuff and really, really like it. If I were getting my
         | parents a NAS/backup system, that's what I would get.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | A USB stick works well, or a USB drive if more space is needed.
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | The go-to standard for quite awhile. Unfortunately, it
           | doesn't come with the convenience of auto-backups and runs
           | the risk of being lost along with all the memories and data
           | it contains.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Make a copy of your parents' backup and keep it yourself.
             | 
             | I have a friend whose grandparents took tons of film of him
             | growing up. Then their house burned down, all lost. Give a
             | backup to an offsite family member.
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | Many home routers include an option to plug USB storage into
         | it. From there you can just mount it on the computer and use
         | the OS's built-in backup software: they all have some,
         | automation included.
         | 
         | Edit: Seagate doesn't seem to make the option I mentioned for
         | them. Removed.
         | 
         | A simple external USB drive will work though: Windows 10 has
         | built-in automated backup capabilities. Actually it's been
         | possible since at least XP.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Home routers aren't exactly known for getting regular
           | firmware updates or being super-secure either.
        
       | lokl wrote:
       | There's no indication EasyStore is affected, right? Assuming not
       | using any WD Backup software.
        
       | orf wrote:
       | > The researchers said Western Digital never responded to their
       | reports.
       | 
       | > The communication that came our way confirmed the research team
       | involved planned to release details of the vulnerability and
       | asked us to contact them with any questions," Western Digital
       | said. "We didn't have any questions so we didn't respond."
       | 
       | Lol. Is this entire company, from the developers to the people in
       | charge of comms, complete idiots?
       | 
       | I guess this is what you get when you think software is nothing
       | but a cost center then gut + outsource it.
        
         | x3n0ph3n3 wrote:
         | Having worked there -- mostly. I engaged in multiple arguments
         | with leadership whom wanted to measure engineer productivity
         | based on lines of code added to version control.
        
       | N00bN00b wrote:
       | It's not just WD NAS that are facing issues like this. I have a
       | QNAP, so I follow news on that and they've been getting hit
       | repeatedly with ransomware cryptolockers recently as well.
       | 
       | It's nearly always UPNP that's causing the device to be exposed
       | unknowingly to the internet and then a some software bug that
       | allows the exploit.
        
       | tempfs wrote:
       | How many times do people need to be burned by closed-source,
       | cloud boxes before they learn to stop buying them?
       | 
       | Western Digital deserves their fair share of blame here as always
       | but honestly the pattern of failure and consequences here is
       | pretty well established by now.
       | 
       | Rolling your own remote access solution(SSH/VPN+ strict FW rules)
       | that can be used in conjunction with your own DIY raspberry pi
       | network share(SMB+external drive USB or docked HDD) service is
       | just really well documented in so many articles and is very
       | maintenance free once you cronjob the updates.
       | 
       | It is time to own your digital destiny people. The stakes have
       | always been high enough to justify the time and effort. Just do
       | it!
        
         | kingsuper20 wrote:
         | > How many times do people need to be burned by closed-source,
         | cloud boxes before they learn to stop buying them?
         | 
         | Probably when their thermostat turns off during a heatwave.
        
         | roberto wrote:
         | > How many times do people need to be burned by closed-source,
         | cloud boxes before they learn to stop buying them?
         | 
         | > Rolling your own remote access solution(SSH/VPN+ strict FW
         | rules) that can be used in conjunction with your own DIY
         | raspberry pi network share(SMB+external drive USB or docked
         | HDD)
         | 
         | These target completely different audiences.
        
         | gentleman11 wrote:
         | Could anyone recommend a specific foss stack + guide for
         | setting this up for somebody who has no idea how to set it up?
         | I'm most concerned about misconfiguring something, which is
         | sort of what this Wd exploit is - somebody misconfigured an
         | account to not have a password in this case. I can only assume
         | they forgot to do that step, or didn't know how to avoid doing
         | so
         | 
         | What software do you use to push your files from your
         | windows/Linux machines? How do you test your backups most
         | easily? How do you test you aren't leaving your device exposed?
        
           | willis936 wrote:
           | A truenas mini is the fastest way there.
           | 
           | Reading zfs and truenas documentation then building your own
           | is the second fastest.
        
             | gentleman11 wrote:
             | Looks like $700 USD entry price? Might be worth it but
             | seems overkill for a lot of people. I will read those docs
             | however to see about building my own, thanks for the tip
        
               | willis936 wrote:
               | Used workstations (hpe proliant, dell poweredge tower,
               | etc.) on ebay plus 4x 4 TB hard drives clocks in around
               | $700 too. Couple it with something like B2 or S3
               | replication and your data is safe and secure.
               | 
               | It ain't cheap, but you're buying reliability and
               | privacy.
        
         | nullz3r0 wrote:
         | Do you have one article that you particularly like?
        
         | gtm1260 wrote:
         | I think your over-estimating how little most people think/care
         | about their storage drives.
        
         | nodamage wrote:
         | No one capable of doing those things would have even bought one
         | of these WD devices in the first place...
        
         | williamtwild wrote:
         | No way mom and pop are going to know how to do this. Even semi
         | tech literate people will struggle.
        
         | mdoms wrote:
         | The typical buyer of this type of product has no idea what
         | "closed source" means. They went to Harvey Norman and asked the
         | 17 year old store assistant what they should buy to keep their
         | important photos and documents safe.
        
       | gentleman11 wrote:
       | > We strongly encourage moving to the My Cloud OS5 firmware," the
       | statement reads. "If your device is not eligible for upgrade to
       | My Cloud OS 5, we recommend that you upgrade to one of our other
       | My Cloud offerings that support My Cloud OS 5.
       | 
       | Not sure how this isn't illegal. You sell something so defective
       | that it destroys the thing it's designed to protect and you
       | refuse to fix it, and rather use it as a chance to force
       | customers to buy new devices that are likely just as bad
        
         | minikites wrote:
         | >Not sure how this isn't illegal.
         | 
         | Many people believe that regulations on companies stifles
         | innovation, so this is what we get. Apparently, it's your own
         | fault if you bought a defective product.
        
           | colecut wrote:
           | While no regulation is bad, regulation is often bad or worse.
           | Hard to know where to point a finger.
        
           | ErikVandeWater wrote:
           | Quantity of regulation is not the issue. It's the quality of
           | the existing tens of thousands of pages.
        
         | thijsvandien wrote:
         | People screwed by this are surely going to buy more WD. /s
        
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