[HN Gopher] Whistleblower thought he would get a big payout, but...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Whistleblower thought he would get a big payout, but  got nothing
       and went broke
        
       Author : psim1
       Score  : 151 points
       Date   : 2021-07-01 14:35 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wsj.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wsj.com)
        
       | hackettma wrote:
       | What is less clear to me is why he borrowed so much money to
       | setup this business? The debt had as much or more to do with his
       | going broke than the flawed whistleblower process. As with many
       | things in life this is a cautionary tale about not counting on
       | something before it's done.
        
         | fivestarman wrote:
         | * "this is a cautionary tale about not counting on something
         | before it's done." *
         | 
         | The story, to me, is about a flaw in the whistleblower program
         | that disincentivizes people from using it, and thus makes it
         | less effective.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | Is it a flaw that, in bankruptcy, fines come after other
           | classes of debts?
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Or... to look at it another way, when there isn't enough money
       | left in a company, harmed investors are paid first, then
       | whistleblowers/government fines.
       | 
       | That seems right to me...
        
         | sombremesa wrote:
         | It's not right, because now it's in the whistleblowers' best
         | interest to get in on the scam and enrich themselves instead of
         | reporting anything, since the act of whistleblowing is
         | equivalent to shooting yourself in the foot while biting the
         | hand that's feeding you.
         | 
         | I suppose it is right depending on who's side you're on.
        
           | milesvp wrote:
           | I think you are in agreement with the parent post. There was
           | an implied /s in the tone.
           | 
           | Systemically it's a huge problem to favor investors over
           | whistleblowers and fines. You want incentives to be aligned
           | wherever possible, and being able to declare bankruptcy in
           | order to protect the very people benefiting from unscrupulous
           | acts just leads to more unscrupulous behavior.
        
             | sombremesa wrote:
             | > There was an implied /s in the tone.
             | 
             | I strongly disagree with this, because the GP has used the
             | term "harmed investors". I think it's a dangerous practice
             | to go around claiming other people's posts are tongue in
             | cheek. That's how we come to allow 'locker room talk'.
        
               | milesvp wrote:
               | The heavy use of ellipses is a common giveaway for
               | sarcasm in casual writing in the US. But I agree, part of
               | what makes "good" sarcasm is that it's easy to interpret
               | as being either for or against something depending on the
               | audience, and this leads to issues like "locker room
               | talk", allowing some unfortunate ideas to persist because
               | it appears people agree with them. I also think sarcasm
               | should be used sparingly on this particular forum, it's
               | important to try to limit the possibility of ambiguity in
               | order to foster better discussions.
        
           | OGforces wrote:
           | It's not in the best interest of a whistleblower to get in on
           | the scam. The trope of "incentives" is overblown. People
           | don't directly respond only to a single incentive. It's in
           | the best interest of the whistleblower to keep his head low
           | instead of report.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | " _...it 's in the whistleblowers' best interest to get in on
           | the scam and enrich themselves..._"
           | 
           | That has always been the case.
        
         | mandmandam wrote:
         | It seems right to you that investors in a company caught
         | running a $1.4 billion scam should receive a billion dollars -
         | while the whistleblower loses his career and gets nothing?
         | 
         | ... Really?
         | 
         | Like, do you know how big a billion :is:?
        
           | cobookman wrote:
           | The investors ONLY saw a 28.5% loss (1B/1.4B). In the scheme
           | of things it could have been way worse if the whistleblower
           | didn't speak up. If they gave say 1% of the assets to the
           | whistleblower (10 Million), it wouldn't have really changed
           | the investor payout all that much. BUT it would encourage
           | future whistleblowers. Especially when the whistleblower
           | speaking up earlier prevent further losses to impacted
           | investors.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | I wonder what the _expected_ change in the loss to
             | investors is compared to the delay in a whistleblower
             | coming forward.
             | 
             | I suspect a lot of companies which have illegally covered
             | up losses have later managed to recoup losses to make
             | investors whole again, and have never been discovered. In
             | these cases, investors end up better off without a
             | whistleblower.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ivalm wrote:
         | I guess seems partially wrong to me. While I agree government
         | should collect after aggrieved investors, I think
         | whistleblowers should come first as they are the ones enabling
         | fraud detection.
        
         | irjustin wrote:
         | I think there's something to be said that investors who
         | recouped funds should have a portion allocated to the
         | whistleblower program if that's how investors got their money
         | back.
         | 
         | Seems more fair.
        
         | 3pt14159 wrote:
         | You surely must be joking!
         | 
         | Harmed investors are the ones that should have done the due
         | diligence in the first place. That they got anything back at
         | all was due to the diligence of the whistle blower. People
         | should be rewarded for calling out white collar crime and the
         | fees should extend to the people actually operating the fraud.
        
           | fastball wrote:
           | The investors weren't operating the fraud, they were being
           | defrauded...
        
           | jeltz wrote:
           | I am prerty sure he was sarcastic. Obviously investors should
           | be last.
        
             | bidirectional wrote:
             | Why? It doesn't read as sarcastic to me -- investors are
             | the ones being harmed by the scam. Obviously the current
             | system needs to support whistleblowers more, but I don't
             | get why one would make a sarcastic comment about helping
             | the victims.
        
               | gowld wrote:
               | Investors got their compensationin advance -- their loses
               | are limited to the amount invested, regardless of
               | liability incurred. Thus additional compensation should
               | be below the rights of creditors who performed work on
               | their behalf.
               | 
               | If it's the other way around, then you could go around
               | investing in companies that never pay their bills,
               | ripping off everyone you do business with.
        
               | dantheman wrote:
               | The investors were defrauded - that's why the SEC was
               | investigating...
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | The problem is the government made a policy decision to use
         | whistleblowers as a tool to police malfeasance, rather than
         | hire and pay civil servants to do the same.
         | 
         | As implemented, the law takes away the financial incentive for
         | whistleblowers to take action on the most egregious cases. If a
         | fraudster being uncovered will put the offending entity out of
         | business, there's no incentive to risk getting blackballed.
        
         | AbrahamParangi wrote:
         | Government should collect before investors, otherwise you
         | create a perverse incentive on the part of investors to ignore
         | malfeasance.
        
       | engineer_22 wrote:
       | Was he doing the _right thing_ for the sake of it?
       | 
       | Or was he snitching so he could make money?
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | "Doing well by doing good."
        
         | ivalm wrote:
         | Who cares? I strongly prefer that people snitch to make money
         | rather than keep quiet.
        
         | engineer_22 wrote:
         | OK, I understand you all are being utilitarian about this, and
         | I appreciate the perspective.
         | 
         | And it's unfortunate that this guy lost his job, and he might
         | also have a hard time finding new work because he's a snitch.
         | 
         | Now, this is a bit tangential to the article, but I'm having a
         | hard time accepting that our financial system is so blatantly
         | corrupt that individuals within the system are expected to
         | behave poorly, and we rely on cash payments to root out crimes.
         | It doesn't sit well. Am I being naive?
        
           | romwell wrote:
           | Yes.
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | Why can't it be do the right thing _and_ make money doing it?
         | 
         | It seems like such a structure would give us
         | broadly/consistently better results than relying only on one
         | factor or the other.
        
         | mabbo wrote:
         | That's the entire point.
         | 
         | If you rely only on people doing the _right thing_ , turns out
         | that most of Wall Street won't help you. If you offer financial
         | payouts, then suddenly you have a lineup of people ready to
         | spill the dirt.
         | 
         | Now, you can take the moral high ground of 'Well we don't
         | _want_ the help of greedy people ', but it seems that when you
         | do that, you don't get a lot of convictions, and the financial
         | crimes continue to happen.
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | Relying on people to do the right thing isn't really scalable
         | or efficient.
        
         | hyperbovine wrote:
         | The number of people in this world doing the right thing for
         | the sake of it is laughably small.
        
         | ARandomerDude wrote:
         | Why did you go to work today?
        
         | wccrawford wrote:
         | If we could rely on people doing the right thing, we wouldn't
         | be in this position in the first place.
        
       | fmajid wrote:
       | I would think the SEC fines would be senior to investors, but it
       | seems the SEC never filed to recover them in bankruptcy court. As
       | noted pedophile Woody Allen once said, 80% of success in life is
       | showing up.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | I read the original WSJ. I guess the tricky moral question is:
       | were the investors partially culpable for the crime, or blameless
       | victims? You can say "they should have been more diligent" but
       | are you equally willing to apply that standard to ALL fraud
       | victims? Example:
       | 
       | You moved into an unsafe apartment building that collapsed snd
       | killed you -- "too bad, you should have checked it out better!
       | The signs were there."
       | 
       | Bernie Madoff ran a Ponzi scheme and paid early investors with
       | the funds of later ones. The early people who benefited from the
       | fraud were forced to disgorge their "investment returns" and some
       | of that money was returned to the later ones. So was that
       | "justice?" Should the whistleblower have gotten some of that?
       | 
       | Not easy questions. Don't be too quick to take sides.
        
         | matthewdgreen wrote:
         | If we're going to have mechanisms like fines and penalties, and
         | we're going to use those fines to support whistleblower reward
         | programs, then we're going to have to resolve these questions.
         | Because what we have now is a whistleblower reward program that
         | does not work, at least in certain circumstances.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | The legal system should not protect ponzi schemes investors, or
         | just any investors.
         | 
         | Somebody's lack of commercial sense, and financial stupidity
         | should not be rewarded with such "insurance" by the public.
         | 
         | American ultralitigious banker/investor culture effectively
         | rewards people going completely casino with their, or, more
         | often, somebody's else money.
        
           | lallysingh wrote:
           | The system protects investors who were lied to. Yes that
           | includes lies that are a bit obvious, but the result is a
           | very, very healthy investment economy in the US. Investing is
           | safer from flat-out fraud in the US, and that makes for more
           | investment.
        
             | zucker42 wrote:
             | Protecting investors from being lied to incentivizes
             | investors to spend less resources on discerning whether
             | representations made to them are true. "More investment"
             | isn't a definite good if it leads to investment in the
             | wrong places.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | Correct. You don't want to reward the people who are
             | _exceptionally_ good liars, like Madoff: the ones who can
             | con those who normally can 't be conned.
             | 
             | There are actually people who believe a message that their
             | Social Security number has been compromised, and they have
             | to pay money to avoid going to prison. The stupid deserve
             | fraud protection, too.
        
             | aeturnum wrote:
             | > _the result is a very, very healthy investment economy in
             | the US._
             | 
             | There were some recent examples of this system creating
             | perverse incentives for US investments that are worth
             | considering. For instance, the repackaging of mortgage-
             | backed securities in the 2007 financial crisis took
             | advantage of multiple transfers to place all risks on
             | consumers and allow brokers to evade nearly all risk.
             | 
             | I think that we need to think very carefully about what
             | risks we protect against (and how) to avoid situations
             | where middle-men capture down-side protections as alpha and
             | gain an incentive to seek out investments that are priced
             | lower because they will often fail. A model that imagines
             | an investment market where the only two parties are the
             | investment originator and the final owner are too
             | simplistic now.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | Absolutely. Privatizing the profit and socializing the
               | risk is the wrong model.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | "Ponzi schemes investors" are technically known as _victims._
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | To me, this doesn't seem like a tricky moral question at all.
         | 
         | Investors are always supposed to be paid out last in bankruptcy
         | proceedings, _after_ whoever a company owes debt to. That 's
         | the "risk" part of being an investor. It's part of law.
         | Everyone knows this up front, and the likelihood of it is built
         | into stock prices.
         | 
         | There's zero analogy to leasing an apartment, where a tenant
         | _isn 't_ expected to take on risk of the building collapsing --
         | that's handled by government-mandated inspections, insurance,
         | etc etc.
         | 
         | And one would reasonably expect penalties and fines to be
         | treated similarly to debt. How are they not a debt to the
         | government? They should get paid off, and investors are left
         | with whatever remains, if anything remains.
         | 
         | It _can_ be trickier to apportion losses _between_ people owed
         | debt, or _between_ investors owed in Madoff 's case. But paying
         | off debt should always come _before_ paying off investors, full
         | stop.
         | 
         | However, I'm genuinely confused as to why, in this case, SEC
         | fines _didn 't_ get precedence in bankruptcy. Why on earth did
         | lawmakers decide something else?
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | You have some good points there, and IANAL although I've sure
           | spent enough time with lawyers. SEC fines possibly _should_
           | be the same seniority as the guy who sold them desks. I 'd be
           | interested to hear the rationale.
           | 
           | On the other hand, are you considering "investors" in a fund
           | that has a fiduciary duty to them on the same level as common
           | stock holders in a cement company? It seems to me they are
           | different.
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | This is the fundamental cost and benefit of the LLC --
         | investors get to profit from the risk assumed by
         | counterparties.
         | 
         | Never extend credit to an LLC unless you have a good risk model
         | for default.
        
       | Zachsa999 wrote:
       | I wanted to read it, but I didn't want to sign in.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/KAY41
        
       | WheelsAtLarge wrote:
       | I get that there is no money from the penalty so he can't get
       | paid from that but he should at least get paid for his expenses
       | and time. After all, his help was invaluable to the case. There
       | needs to be a minimum payout. I bet all the lawyers got paid from
       | the recovered funds so he should get his share from that.
        
         | fastball wrote:
         | I guess the problem is that if you're not collecting a fine
         | what exactly is the bar for this minimum payout?
        
           | WheelsAtLarge wrote:
           | Yes, but there was $1 billion recovered for the victims. I
           | guarantee the lawyers that did the work got a share of that
           | money. I think the whistleblower should have gotten, at the
           | very least, his expenses covered.
           | 
           | That's how bankruptcy works. There's an amount of money
           | recovered then all interested parties tell the court how much
           | they are owed. An finally, a judge decides who gets what.
           | Like I said, the lawyers got their share. I think he should
           | too.
        
       | oefrha wrote:
       | https://archive.is/KAY41
        
         | oefrha wrote:
         | > The company sold more than 20,000 individual investors
         | fractional shares in life settlements--the right to collect on
         | a stranger's life insurance policy when the insured person
         | dies. Mr. McPherson suspected the company was overcharging
         | clients by providing misleading estimates of how quickly the
         | insured person was likely to die.
         | 
         | Not directly related to the whistleblowing case, but this life
         | settlement investment concept is new to me, and apparently it's
         | a well-established market:
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesfinancecouncil/2021/03/09...
         | 
         | Honestly, I find this concept rather disturbing.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | It's disturbing but makes sense in a lot of business
           | contexts. Imagine I own a business and I have a key employee
           | who has a unique skill. And if they were to die, my business
           | would have serious problems. It makes sense to take out a
           | life insurance policy on that person to protect my lost
           | revenue.
           | 
           | Or let's say I have a business partner, we own the business
           | 50/50. It makes a lot of sense for each of us to have a life
           | insurance policy on the other person to make up for the fact
           | that the business might likely die if the person does.
           | 
           | Where it's kind of screwed up is when Walmart takes out
           | policies on their front line retail employees and doesn't
           | tell them as a way of diversifying revenue.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >Where it's kind of screwed up is when Walmart takes out
             | policies on their front line retail employees and doesn't
             | tell them
             | 
             | Why is that screwed up? It doesn't affect them in any way.
        
               | ineptech wrote:
               | Walmart isn't some disinterested third party; they enact
               | policies that directly affect their employees' health and
               | longevity. It's a pretty perverse incentive for the party
               | responsible for negotiating and administering your health
               | insurance to have a financial interest in you dying
               | younger than expected.
        
               | jessaustin wrote:
               | It allows Walmart to care less about safe working
               | conditions for its employees.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Is there any evidence they're doing that? Moreover, if
               | they would do that, wouldn't that be already be priced in
               | by the insurance company, wiping out any potential gains?
        
               | jessaustin wrote:
               | There may be evidence but I don't know about it. If we
               | were talking about insurance for property damage, I could
               | almost agree with the "priced-in" idea, [EDIT:] although
               | that assumes a very efficient torts system for the third
               | parties who suffer damage to their property. There is an
               | inherent asymmetry when we're talking about the health
               | and lives of third parties, however. If anything firms
               | should be encouraged to care _more_ about not killing
               | their employees.
        
             | oefrha wrote:
             | Life insurance makes total sense and is a good thing in
             | general for the family and possibly the business involved.
             | The part I find disturbing is investing in the life
             | insurance policies of complete strangers where the return
             | on investment depends on the demise of said strangers.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | This is baffling. Is this supposed to provide above market
           | returns (after adjusting for risk)? If not, what's the point?
           | If yes, how's the counterparty to this (insurance companies)
           | coming up with the returns? After all, they're just investing
           | the money so they can pay out a few decades later; it's not
           | like they can print money to do the payouts. Are they just
           | betting on the insurance companies mispricing their insurance
           | products?
        
             | jcheng wrote:
             | > Are they just betting on the insurance companies
             | mispricing their insurance products?
             | 
             | Sort of. First, the investors are betting that the
             | information they have now (when the insured wants to sell)
             | is better than what the insurance company had then (when
             | the insured purchased the policy). Second, life insurance
             | policies have a "cash surrender" value, basically an amount
             | of money that the insurance company will pay to the insured
             | to give up the policy. These days those cash surrender
             | values are extremely low, as the insurance companies rely
             | on the difference to boost profits; they can do this
             | because many policyholders don't know there are
             | alternatives to surrendering the policy if they can't make
             | the payments.
             | 
             | What's attractive about this from an investor's perspective
             | is not outsized returns, but returns that are uncorrelated
             | with the market.
             | 
             | I was pretty grossed out when I first heard of this kind of
             | investment but then learned that it first became popular
             | during the AIDS epidemic. Selling their life insurance
             | policies was a way for the terminally ill to benefit from
             | an asset that was not going to have any value to them after
             | death (if they had no family to benefit from the payout).
             | Without investors providing a market for these policies,
             | they'd have to settle for the cash surrender value.
        
             | hogFeast wrote:
             | Either the person who bought the policy wants to sell or
             | the insurer who wrote the policy wants to sell. The person
             | selling wants cash today, and the person buying wants cash
             | tomorrow. Same as anything else.
             | 
             | EDIT: I will add, there is a lot of this kind of thing
             | going on in insurance now because no-one expected rates to
             | stay this low for so long. This drives cash out of insurers
             | who, often, have a massive stream of liabilities and no way
             | to generate cash to pay them. And this specific market is
             | driven more by individuals who took out huge life insurance
             | policies, lived longer than they expected, and are now
             | stuck paying huge premiums they can't afford (so they sell
             | the policy to someone else, who pays the premiums, and
             | collects the final value). Again, this is basically how
             | financial markets work. Risk is shifted towards those who
             | are most able to bear it. The alternative here is a bunch
             | of old people having to declare bankruptcy and being
             | stripped of all their assets because there is no-one who
             | will cash their policy.
        
             | oefrha wrote:
             | According to the Forbes article I linked, they selectively
             | invest in policies that will likely see a payout (old
             | people with health issues) and ignore the rest. They then
             | pay the premiums to keep the policies alive until they can
             | cash out.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | My understanding is that they became common during the AIDS
           | epidemic, with people selling their life insurance proceeds
           | early in order to get money for their current living
           | expenses. It's a little disturbing, but it makes sense.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | shadilay wrote:
       | So if you are going to blow the whistle it ought to be a large
       | company unlikely to declare bankruptcy. Not sure how that helps
       | the investors.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | 3 trillion for covid relief like nothing. Why not set aside just
       | a miniscule amount for whistle-blowers? Getting the govt. To geta
       | payout is like prying open a bear trap.
        
       | clipradiowallet wrote:
       | This sends a bad message to would-be whistleblowers. I read it
       | as... "next time, take your evidence, make contingency plans, and
       | finally blackmail the criminals - you're more likely to get
       | paid".
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | I don't think this guy is just some rando whistleblower.
         | 
         | He tried to make it a full time job, it's not clear why but he
         | took out loans to do it ... it just was a bad "business"
         | choice.
        
         | wsc981 wrote:
         | In The Netherlands and the EU there are quite a few well-known
         | whistleblowers who received the short-end of the stick. One
         | example would be Paul van Buitenen [0].
         | 
         | It's really risky to become a whistleblower and if you do, you
         | better be able to live the rest of your life on your finances,
         | because it might become very hard after becoming a
         | whistleblower to receive another well-paying job. Also be
         | prepared to deal with a lot of stress that might impact your
         | health and mental wellbeing.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_van_Buitenen
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | It seems whitleblowing is more dangerous than fraud these
           | days
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | To receive another job, never mind the 'well-paying' bit.
           | Companies would be scared shitless to hire someone that might
           | expose their dirty laundry, especially if they already have a
           | track record of doing so.
           | 
           | If there is one thing that is pretty certain then it is that
           | whistleblowers get to blow the whistle exactly once.
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | I personally think that we need to combine significant
         | whistleblowers with witness protection. They need the same
         | protections and compensation to give up their current life.
         | This is why people don't come forward know. Someone is likely
         | married to the child traffickers and corporate fraudsters off
         | the world but you have to convince them to give up their life
         | and be in a media circus and potentially risk the lives of them
         | and their family. You have to reward them as such.
        
         | mariogintili wrote:
         | it is literally how the world works these days
        
         | explorigin wrote:
         | If you take this route, have a life-insurance policy.
        
         | navierstokes wrote:
         | A lesson they teach in $IVY_LEAGUE, "you all know whistle
         | blowers don't end up well." Direct quote from $INFLUENTIAL_DUDE
         | in response to $PUBLIC_THING.
         | 
         | Trust your gut. When it says leave, leave. Even if others
         | encourage the opposite. Even if your extended family depends on
         | your income.
         | 
         | Make the effort to build and maintain a strong social circle.
         | Filter for integrity. Assiduously avoid those who distort truth
         | for personal advantage.
        
           | navierstokes wrote:
           | When you know you're going to be alone and homeless, it's
           | really hard to find the strength to keep on living. What's
           | the point?
        
       | drewcoo wrote:
       | WSJ prints scare piece to dissuade future SEC whistle blowers.
       | Who expected that?
        
         | jtbayly wrote:
         | WSJ advocates changing SEC rules to better support
         | whistleblowers.
        
         | LanceH wrote:
         | And if they don't print it, they are covering up the
         | ineffectiveness of the SEC's whistleblowing program. What
         | exactly should they print?
        
         | bidirectional wrote:
         | Individual goes bankrupt and implodes his career due to little
         | known fact, and somehow it's bad practice to report on that?
         | The SEC are a big organisation, they can take a knock.
        
       | stuff4ben wrote:
       | This is a bit of a click-baity article title. He went broke
       | because he assumed he was getting a payout and did stupid things.
       | 
       | From the bottom of article:
       | 
       | Early in the Life Partners saga, Mr. McPherson was so beguiled by
       | the lure of whistleblower millions that he essentially quit his
       | day job to become a full-time whistleblower, using his accounting
       | and life-insurance knowledge to spot potential miscreants...In
       | 2018, he took out a $1 million litigation-funding loan at very
       | high interest rates, secured by the Life Partners whistleblower
       | claims, to pay back taxes and continue to pursue his cases.
        
         | newacct583 wrote:
         | That's a "he was no angel" argument, and like all such it's
         | really an attempt to deflect. The reason to reward
         | whistleblowers isn't to make sure the money goes to Objectively
         | Good and Unimpeachably Moral individuals, it's to incentivize
         | enforcement of laws and norms.
         | 
         | The guy could be a raging narcissist with a gambling problem
         | (which would be quite a bit worse than trying to be a "full-
         | time whistleblower") and we would _STILL_ want him to blow the
         | whistle on wrongdoing he witnesses, right?
        
         | yellow_lead wrote:
         | You would think that if he were so invested in the
         | whistleblower program he would do his due diligence to
         | understand the fine print.
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | The fine print seems to be that the bankruptcy process
           | privileges investors, rather than requiring companies to pay
           | fines (which pay for the whistleblower program.) I don't know
           | if this is good or bad, but it's the important substance of
           | the article -- not the silly detail about this particular
           | person's finances.
        
             | cortesoft wrote:
             | Well the crime the company committed was fraud against
             | their investors... shouldn't the victims get their money
             | back?
             | 
             | Paying out the whistleblower before the victims would be
             | like if someone stole your bike, then the cops arrest the
             | guy and recover your bike because of a tip... and then the
             | cops give your bike to the guy who called in the tip
        
               | HarryHirsch wrote:
               | It's all about the incentives. You have to decide what
               | you want, a criminogenic environment or fairness.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Not having a whistleblower would be like if someone stole
               | your bike, got away with it, then went on to have a long,
               | successful career in stealing bikes.
               | 
               | The crime has already been committed. The whistleblower
               | is the reason you're getting anything back.
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | wow, that would be like having a bounty program that paid
               | whistleblowers 10% of value of the theft for
               | encouragement and was catching enough perps to act as a
               | deterrent and lowered the overall crime rate and got
               | victims 90% of their losses back, kind of an ex post
               | insurance pool...
               | 
               | ...and then figuring you could get victims 100% of their
               | losses back by taking that 10% from the whistleblowers
               | and sending them to the back of the line, and then coming
               | back a year later and seeing that...
               | 
               | ...while victims were getting 100% of their losses back
               | when these crimes were discovered, very few of these
               | crimes were being discovered, and using your impeccable
               | logic concluding that the crime rate must have gone down!
               | who needs whistleblowers!?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | > and got victims 90% of their losses back
               | 
               | We do not have a justice system in which the victim pays
               | for the cost of investigating, prosecuting, and punishing
               | offenders. All of that is paid by the general public.
               | That does not mean there are no bounties -- there are,
               | but the bounties are never paid by subtracting out
               | amounts due victims. Changing that, so that victims would
               | not be entitled to full restitution in order to help
               | finance law enforcement would require changing a lot of
               | laws, not just adding a whistleblower law. It would also
               | overturn a lot of precedent. It would be a big change
               | that a large majority of the public would oppose.
        
               | dbuder wrote:
               | Against their investors or on their investors behalf? And
               | either way, it is the investors who could (supposedly)
               | bring an end to it.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Eggs were counted before they hatched. News at 11.
        
           | Rapzid wrote:
           | Chickens.
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | > he essentially quit his day job to become a full-time
         | whistleblower
         | 
         | It sounds like you're criticizing him here, but this is a good
         | thing, right? We incentivize whistleblowing because we want
         | more whistleblowing. He was successful in bringing frauds to
         | justice. We got exactly what we wanted. This is exactly how it
         | should work.
         | 
         | > 2018, he took out a $1 million litigation-funding loan at
         | very high interest rates, secured by the Life Partners
         | whistleblower claims
         | 
         | This isn't necessarily stupid either. If it was a secured loan,
         | then as I understand it he probably won't have to pay the
         | million back. He transferred the risk to the lender and they
         | lost. He paid his back taxes and should emerge from bankruptcy
         | without the debt.
        
           | TheRealPomax wrote:
           | Not if you turn it into a career, no. Then you should have
           | signed up for an undercover investigator position, drawing a
           | normal salary, instead of assuming your reporting will net
           | you an income.
           | 
           | Should whistleblowers be rewarded? Absolutely. Should that
           | come from a pool allocated and managed by the SEC? Most
           | certainly, because we want folks to be secure in their
           | whistleblowing. Is it the American way to go "there's money
           | here, I can probably take repeat-advantage of that"? You bet
           | your star spangled butt it is. But is that last part also on
           | you, and not anyone else? In most American fashion: boy howdy
           | yes.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > we want folks to be secure in their whistleblowing
             | 
             | People are not. I'd advise against it in almost all
             | circumstances, unless you're 5 minutes from retiring
             | anyway.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Or you can get a cut of the action.
        
               | loonster wrote:
               | That is great advice. Even bringing up things internally
               | is a financially dangerous thing to do.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | _and_ your retirement funds are not anyhow tied to the
               | party you are blowing whistle against
        
               | MomoXenosaga wrote:
               | And if you don't have any friends or family working in
               | whatever field you are whistling against.
        
             | Supermancho wrote:
             | > Not if you turn it into a career, no.
             | 
             | > Then you should have signed up for an undercover
             | investigator position, drawing a normal salary, instead of
             | assuming your reporting will net you an income.
             | 
             | That's your opinion.
             | 
             | > It sounds like you're criticizing him here, but this is a
             | good thing,
             | 
             | It _is_ a good thing, even if it wasn't great for him. Lots
             | of people do things that are ultimately less optimal than
             | other paths. That being said, more scrutiny is better,
             | regardless of the participation in specific programs that
             | some people think is better suited.
        
             | modeless wrote:
             | > Then you should have signed up for an undercover
             | investigator position
             | 
             | Why though? Is this a moral judgement against
             | whistleblowing as a profession, or something? I expect that
             | offering whistleblower rewards is a _much_ more scalable
             | and effective way to discover frauds than employing a
             | standing army of investigators.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | What's the point of whistleblowing? I thought it was to
               | provide a framework for people who've come across shady
               | behavior on the part of their employer in the execution
               | of their day-to-day work. So, I guess it is more scalable
               | because it is operating under the assumption that the
               | whistleblowers were receiving their normal paycheck while
               | "investigating."
               | 
               | Certainly no negative moral judgement on people
               | intentionally going for those bounties, fighting
               | corruption is admirable. But the system is probably not
               | calibrated to provide for their their day-to-day expenses
               | or the cases where their investigations aren't
               | successful. If it were, it would be equivalent to just
               | employing that army of investigators (just, without any
               | official organization, so it'd miss out on any benefits
               | from legal authority or economies of scale).
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | No moral judgement, it's just risky. As he discovered,
               | you may not get the big payout, for any number of
               | reasons.
               | 
               | If you expect to make a living at anything, you have to
               | be prepared to manage the risks that go along with it.
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | The problem here is that he leveraged himself and pursued
               | a case which resulted in bankruptcy which makes it hard
               | for the SEC to collect a fine that they can disburse part
               | of to the whistleblower.
               | 
               | Whistleblower rewards are great, but they must have
               | limits, and he bumped into them here (while highly
               | leveraging himself).
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | No, the problem here is that the whistleblower reward
               | program is less effective than it should be because
               | payouts are divorced from the effectiveness of the
               | whistleblowing. If you set up a program that is supposed
               | to reward a specific behavior, and then you don't
               | actually reward that behavior, that is a problem.
               | 
               | As I said, the leveraging he did is mainly a problem for
               | the lender, who is now out $1m, not him.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | > Why though?
               | 
               | One reason being that then you have a strong financial
               | incentive to "whistleblow" on things that are less clear-
               | cut, making it likely that (a) you'll eventually harm
               | innocent people in the process, and (b) you'll inject too
               | much noise/unnecessary work into the system.
               | 
               | As a rough analogy, imagine someone calling to report an
               | impaired driver they encountered by pure happenstance,
               | vs. someone who made it their personal full-time career
               | to just go around on roads finding people he can report.
               | I'm not sure if you see a difference but I certainly do.
        
               | viscanti wrote:
               | Was he harming innocent people? Was he injecting too much
               | noise/unnecessary work into the system?
               | 
               | I don't see how him doing it as more of a freelance thing
               | rather than an undercover position guarantees a different
               | outcome. It seems like we have to look at the actual
               | outcome and we can't paint with such broad strokes about
               | how one model or the other is better.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | > Was he harming innocent people? Was he injecting too
               | much noise/unnecessary work into the system?
               | 
               | It doesn't matter because we don't base societal
               | incentives on 1 guy.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | What you're saying seems to be based on nothing.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | Yeah, it's not like financial social incentives have any
               | history of inflicting collateral damage or anything of
               | that sort. I'm just imagining things.
        
               | darawk wrote:
               | > One reason being that then you have a strong financial
               | incentive to "whistleblow" on things that are less clear-
               | cut, making it likely that (a) you'll eventually harm
               | innocent people in the process, and (b) you'll inject too
               | much noise/unnecessary work into the system.
               | 
               | It's not like a whistle blowing claim just results in
               | enforcement action without investigation. The claim gets
               | investigated by the relevant agency first, and then if
               | and only if it is found to be justified is an enforcement
               | action taken. That enforcement action can then be
               | challenged in the courts, too, if the entity in question
               | perceives the agency to be in the wrong.
               | 
               | I don't think there's much risk of whistle blowers
               | significantly harming innocent companies here.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | Do you see any difference with the impaired driving
               | analogy? Or with someone spending 40h/week just walking
               | around calling the cops every time they see some dude do
               | something that looks appears illegal to them? If we don't
               | even agree on those it's going to be too much effort to
               | argue...
        
               | passivate wrote:
               | Yeah, that is a great point. Often, we don't consider the
               | unintended consequences of policies.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Exactly. Or imagine people spending their time finding
               | security flaws and collecting bug bounties as a career
               | instead of just reporting security issues whenever they
               | occasionally happened upon them.
        
             | homero wrote:
             | I don't think the SEC even goes undercover by getting hired
             | as an accountant or something. And second, he wouldn't get
             | any large payouts he wanted.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | >This is a bit of a click-baity article title. He went broke
         | because he assumed he was getting a payout and did stupid
         | things.
         | 
         | Is that something different than what the title says?
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | This is Y Combinator's Hacker News.
         | 
         | Investing in a new business is not "stupid things".
         | 
         | Taking out a personal loan instead of using an LLC is "stupid
         | things".
        
           | _e wrote:
           | Even if the loan was taken out under a LLC, lenders would
           | require a personal guarantee for a new and unproven venture.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | This is why you should not try to save the world. It is not your
       | job to save others. Focus on your own life.
        
         | knodi123 wrote:
         | I don't think you'll get a lot of traction with a heartfelt
         | argument against the concepts of heroism and personal
         | sacrifice.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | I made the opposite argument in an earlier reply which was
           | also downvoted. Can someone tell me what opinion is the
           | correct one?
        
       | teddyh wrote:
       | "Undank ist der Welten Lohn".
        
         | uvesten wrote:
         | Otack ar varldens lon.
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | I couldn't find a common translation or appearance of this
         | saying's equivalent in English. Ungratefulness is the world's
         | wage?
        
           | ggsp wrote:
           | I'd say "reward" instead of "wage."
        
             | stickfigure wrote:
             | Ah, the English equivalent would be something like "No good
             | need goes unpunished."
        
               | jfk13 wrote:
               | "no good deed", not need
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Although I like to do a deliberate pun, no good _h_ eed
               | goes unpunished. (The consequences of following well
               | intentioned but naive advice.)
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | The HN version is apparently "No good typo goes
               | unpunished."
               | 
               | :-)
        
           | bigwavedave wrote:
           | >> "Undank ist der Welten Lohn".
           | 
           | > I couldn't find a common translation or appearance of this
           | saying's equivalent in English. Ungratefulness is the world's
           | wage?
           | 
           | I believe it means something akin to "nothing is so hard as
           | man's ingratitude." It's an expression that's not dissimilar
           | to "no good deed goes unpunished." They're not quite the
           | same, but they're tandem in the general principle of
           | ingratitude.
        
           | krylon wrote:
           | Yes, that fits. The best English equivalent, I think is the
           | saying that "no good deed goes unpunished".
        
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