[HN Gopher] SparkFun Hooks a Patent Troll
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       SparkFun Hooks a Patent Troll
        
       Author : mkeeter
       Score  : 763 points
       Date   : 2021-06-30 23:00 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sparkfun.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sparkfun.com)
        
       | ncphil wrote:
       | The terms for both patent and copyright are way too long. Instead
       | of increasing over the years as we advanced further into the
       | Digital Age, they should have been gradually decreasing. The
       | whole point of the US patent and copyright system is not to "give
       | a special reward" to inventors and authors, but to "promote the
       | Progress of Science and the useful Arts" by building up the
       | public domain commons of inventions and art. The current law,
       | with its lenghthy terms and slipshod processes that invite abuse
       | by trolls and encourage the smothering oppression by monopoly
       | power, is at odds with those original goals. It needs to be torn
       | down completely and rebuilt for this not-so-new century.
        
         | theli0nheart wrote:
         | > _The whole point of the US patent and copyright system is not
         | to "give a special reward" to inventors and authors, but to
         | "promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts" by
         | building up the public domain commons of inventions and art._
         | 
         | First, citation needed.
         | 
         | Second, these two things are not at odds. People require
         | incentives. If you want people to submit their inventions to
         | the public domain, you _do_ need to provide them with economic
         | incentives for it. Otherwise, people will simply keep their
         | inventions to themselves, as they did before, and as many do
         | now.
        
       | P0l83q4p1Hw3Ul wrote:
       | Why not just kill patent trolls? That should solve this problem
       | real quick.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | legel wrote:
       | I have personally enjoyed community SparkFun events in Boulder,
       | Colorado, which were hosted at a level that was both cool and fun
       | for kids, adults, and experts alike. A really creative and
       | intelligent company. Thanks Nathan for the courage to publish
       | this, and helping other entrepreneurs inventing the future, to
       | not be afraid to call fraud (and prior art) exactly what it is.
        
       | ww520 wrote:
       | (Note that none of the following is legal advice.)
       | 
       | One tip on reading patent - ignore most of the diagrams and
       | description, and go straight to the claims. The claims are the
       | only valid part of the patent. In this case, all the
       | static/dynamic RAM, signals, memory cache, and malloc stuffs are
       | irrelevant and misdirection.
       | 
       | This patent has only 1 claim [1]. The claim has a series of
       | elements making a number of conditions for the patent. Notice
       | that semicolons separate each claim elements. That means these
       | are AND-conditions. All these conditions need to be met to fit
       | the patent. Also notice the colons. These list the sub-elements
       | or sub-conditions.
       | 
       | Reading the claim. It seems to be a system with a number of
       | processors of different kinds. There's some memory with
       | input/output ports. The memory holds the instructions and data.
       | The input/output ports of the processors connect (coupled) to the
       | input/output ports of the memory to read the instructions and
       | data. Do computation on the data based on the instruction. Spit
       | out the result. The kinds of processors are: multiplier,
       | arithmetic unit, arithmetic logic unit, and a bit manipulation
       | unit. The processors run simultaneously.
       | 
       | To defeat this patent, you can list prior arts. This is the most
       | damaging because it invalidates the whole patent. Or you can go
       | by the claim conditions. You can either claim your product
       | doesn't have any one of the kind of the processors (no bit
       | manipulation), or the processor doesn't read instruction/data
       | from memory (instructions are hard-coded or a processor gets its
       | input from another processor), or the processor doesn't connect
       | to the memory directly (via a bus or via a data switch or via
       | special registers), or the processor doesn't do computation
       | according to the instruction (e.g. a doubler always double the
       | data), or your processors run serially in some fashion, etc.
       | 
       | And then there's the legal definition of the terms in the claim,
       | such as what is a multiplier, an arithmetic unit, an ALU, what's
       | a bit manipulation unit, and what's "coupling." This process is
       | called claim construction and done by the court via precedents
       | and the intents described in the description of the patent. Many
       | times a patent lawsuit falls apart during the claim construction
       | phase because the definition of the terms don't apply to the sued
       | product.
       | 
       | [1] https://patents.google.com/patent/US6289434B1/en
        
         | hellbannedguy wrote:
         | Thank you. I'm glad I stopped by HN today. You write well.
        
         | ngcc_hk wrote:
         | Great analysis. I bought from sparkfun, but they should be
         | taken better advice to deal with it. The article is not good
         | enough as defence, just like a stand or a wish more.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ww520 wrote:
         | Just reread the claim after went home. Some fixes below.
         | 
         | All processors are the same. Each processor has the following
         | required components: multiplier, arithmetic unit, arithmetic
         | logic unit, and a bit manipulation unit. Each internal
         | component has input/output ports which connect to the
         | input/output ports of the processor. The ALU and bit components
         | can run concurrently to the other components.
        
       | nkssy wrote:
       | It might help if the patent dispute involved or required actual
       | instantiations of the content of the patent.
       | 
       | It should be a valid argument that if no device exists for a
       | category of patents then the patent is unenforceable. There must
       | be a prototype. Set a threshold. After filing, there has to be
       | some kind of prototype to demonstrate as an example. Otherwise
       | what was the point of the patent anyway? Especially if its only
       | good for 20 years. It should manifest within 5 years in the least
       | otherwise where was the benefit to society of granting an
       | effective monopoly?
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | Me: software engr, retired; also patent agent who worked in
       | Google Patent Litigation.
       | 
       | A rookie mistake is reading the TEXT of a patent. A pro looks
       | only at the claims. The text is only there to "support" the
       | claims, which boils down to using the same words. Cynical, I
       | know.
       | 
       | Claims unfortunately look like gibberish if you're unschooled,
       | but "construing" them is an early step in a trial, and often if
       | you get a bad claim construction you give up. I worked on tons of
       | claim construction briefs.
       | 
       | I'll read those claims a little later this evening.
        
         | robomartin wrote:
         | > A rookie mistake is reading the TEXT of a patent. A pro looks
         | only at the claims. The text is only there to "support" the
         | claims
         | 
         | That's how I have always looked at patents...until I ran into
         | an attorney who insisted that you have to read both and that
         | the text is just as important. The context was in reviewing
         | patents for prior art. This confused the hell out of me because
         | very often the text is where you see someone throw the kitchen
         | sink at the patent. In other words, you often run into things
         | in the text that are not really being claimed.
         | 
         | Not sure who's right any more. Color me confused.
         | 
         | Is the difference between the two cases one where, in the first
         | case, one is using all of the patent (text and claims) as a
         | source of prior art (the text being like a magazine article
         | where someone discusses a bunch of ideas) vs. the second case,
         | where one is looking for infringement of an existing patent
         | based on what is claimed?
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | Bingo. You've got it. I was talking about SparkFun trying to
           | determine if he's infringing. When we look at a patent that
           | way, we care mainly what the claim says.
           | 
           | On the other hand, every word of everything ever published
           | can be used as prior art. So if SparkFun was trying to
           | _invalidate_ the patent, they would look for anything
           | published anywhere, including patents but also journals,
           | books, etc.
           | 
           | Your comment about the kitchen sink is also true -- when
           | you're trying to get the patent through the PTO, you may want
           | to add claims later, and you cannot change the spec. So you
           | put everything in the spec you _might_ want to claim later.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | The text is the authority on what the phrases in the claims
           | mean. So, you can be surprised when the text sets out a much
           | broader meaning of a term than is used in common parlance.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | Ah, if only you'd seen some of the claim construction
             | briefs and opinions I've seen. The text is not the ONLY
             | authority, and if it contradicts common practice then the
             | lawyers can argue about it.
             | 
             | For example, in chemical cases, you cannot have your own
             | definition of "methylated." There are standard definitions
             | of terms. Regrettably, in software not so much.
        
         | akersten wrote:
         | > I'll read those claims a little later this evening.
         | 
         | I'll save everyone the trouble and tell you without reading
         | them: they're bullshit and so are most software/computer
         | patents. We really need to come together as an industry and
         | fight this crap. Huge props to SparkFun for taking on these
         | bottom feeders.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | The paper in [1], which I wrote in 2014, was rejected (in a
           | slightly different version) by CACM. The referee was a
           | Microsoft researcher, who knew nothing about patents and
           | relied on some "expert" who told him "the patent law has
           | changed." This was completely bogus because the law on
           | obviousness hadn't changed at all.
           | 
           | So the big companies, e.g. IBM and Microsoft, are not on our
           | side at all. Neither are ACM and IEEE. I've been on this
           | issue for a long, long time, and it really WILL take a
           | bottom-up revolution. We will get no support whatsoever from
           | the people who should be leading.
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2399580
        
         | a1371 wrote:
         | How did you learn to read the claims?
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | I took the Kayten course [1] to review for the Patent Bar
           | exam. It was three days, and then I spent a couple months
           | reviewing all the old exam questions.
           | 
           | [1] https://passingpatentbarwithprg.tumblr.com/post/999221851
           | 3/w...
        
             | gyc wrote:
             | Note that the patent bar exam tests you on knowledge of
             | rules and regulations of the patent office and of the
             | Patent Cooperation Treaty that many countries have signed
             | on to. So you won't necessarily learn to draft a patent or
             | how to read a patent just by studying materials for the
             | patent bar exam.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | True. Like anything, you only learn the REAL practice of
               | it by doing it. In my case, I found a lawyer who made a
               | practice of taking novices & training them (then they'd
               | eventually go on to higher-paying jobs).
        
       | FpUser wrote:
       | I do not want to go in the details of particular case. My opinion
       | is that in general the paten system had outlived its purpose
       | since some time and is now nothing but a detriment to society. It
       | only benefits big corps at the expense of everybody else.
       | 
       | I can say that it is not possible for a regular person to do
       | anything without breaking some patent. Mostly obvious and not
       | deserving being granted in a first place. The only reason said
       | person is not always sued is because of being too small of a
       | fish. The minute a couple of bucks is made all of the vultures
       | come down.
        
       | cormacrelf wrote:
       | Altair Logic actually sued Asus as well in 2019, after the patent
       | had expired in 2018, alleging that Asus sold products infringing
       | exactly this patent 6,289,434 before then. Asus tried,
       | unsuccessfully, to get it dismissed, so we'll see where it goes
       | later.
       | 
       | But the dismissal judgment is enlightening about what happens
       | when you sit on a patent for 20 years and then start to sue
       | people. The 'marking requirement' referred to is that you stamp
       | products with a US patent number.
       | 
       | > The '434 Patent was valid for 20 years from the filing date,
       | meaning that it expired on February 27, 2018. See 35 U.S.C. SS
       | 154(a)(2). Because Altair did not bring suit until after the
       | patent had expired, it is entitled to relief only if it can
       | ultimately establish notice of infringement prior to the patent's
       | expiration date. Here, Altair would need to prove either that it
       | satisfied the marking requirement or that neither it nor any of
       | its licensees ever made a product which needed to be marked.
       | 
       | It seems the fact of never having licensed your patent to anyone
       | allows you to avoid having to give notice to infringers. I'm
       | guessing the damages limitations around non-marking are drafted
       | to avoid a situation where someone sees a product, sees it and
       | copies it thinking that because it has no patent number, it
       | hasn't been patented. There appear to be other 'constructive
       | notice' provisions. But it seems a little perverse that you're at
       | an advantage, notice-wise, as a patent troll if you avoid the
       | marking requirements by never attempting to license the patent to
       | anyone in 20 years, and separately nobody takes a second look
       | when searching for patents applicable to their products. Normally
       | both those things point to the patent not being useful or
       | valuable from a licensee perspective.
       | 
       | https://casetext.com/case/altair-logix-llc-v-asus-computer-i...
       | 
       | (Morbid detail: the patent was issued on September 11, 2001.
       | Somehow the USPTO worked through that day.)
        
       | civilized wrote:
       | Why not just abolish patents? Who or what would oppose this?
        
         | Ballas wrote:
         | Well patents were designed so that you give away your "recipe"
         | in exchange for a limited time monopoly. Clearly that is still
         | a valid use case, but it seems that with patent trolls, patents
         | are getting misused.
         | 
         | Software patents should 100% be abolished - for the same reason
         | that mathematical formulas are not patentable.
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | I wonder if one could make trolling patent trolls self-
       | sustaining.
       | 
       | For example, let's say you get hit with a demand letter. I review
       | it and agree to finance your case. Using my resources, I prepare
       | to invalidate the troll's patents _unless_ they settle for some
       | amount less than their expected lifetime value from said patents.
       | This gets split between you and me (after litigation costs), with
       | maybe some of my share reserved for the eventual holdout who
       | fights and gets their patents invalidated.
       | 
       | Less emotionally satisfying than invalidation. But far more
       | scalable and thus threatening to the model.
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | The lifetime value of having _a_ patent is much higher than the
         | lifetime value of any specific patent. That 's because the scam
         | works whether the patent is valuable or not. Invalidating a
         | patent costs them the time it takes to get a new one.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Invalidating a patent costs them the time it takes to get
           | a new one_
           | 
           | The threat would only work if it were in respect of a large
           | swathe of the troll's portfolio. Agree it would be
           | meaningless if done against a few of their patents, or if the
           | patents were trivial to file for.
        
         | bob33212 wrote:
         | I think you could scare off a good number of these trolls by
         | saying.
         | 
         | "I look forward to the discovery processes during this lawsuit
         | as well as reviewing the prior art associated with this patent.
         | I will be creating a blog to document this process for public
         | consumption as soon as the lawsuit is filed."
        
           | wiredfool wrote:
           | """Not only am I unintimidated by litigation; I sometimes
           | rather miss it."""
           | 
           | https://www.audioholics.com/news/blue-jeans-strikes-back
        
         | simiones wrote:
         | This only works if the patent troll believes the patent can be
         | invalidated. This is rather hard for many patents - a lot of
         | the time patent trolls own legitimate patents, they just try to
         | apply them over-broadly. You would defeat them in court, but
         | would not automatically invalidate their patent - you may only
         | be able to show that their claims do not cover your work.
        
         | URSpider94 wrote:
         | In that case, the troll can almost always just drop the suit
         | and then you have no claim against them.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _the troll can almost always just drop the suit and then
           | you have no claim against them_
           | 
           | I do not believe that would suspend an _inter partes review_
           | [1]. Of course, if this method of relief is not available the
           | above wouldn 't work.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab/trials/inter-partes-
           | revie...
        
       | _pmf_ wrote:
       | > So imagine you're a small business
       | 
       | Is SparkFun considered to be a small business?
        
       | croo wrote:
       | The comments are about the contradictions between the patent and
       | the blog post and the technical discussion are great. I would
       | point out another angle.
       | 
       | I had a loud and irritating neighbour who patronized me
       | (everyone) and I had hard time coping until I gave the guy a
       | stupid nickname. When I was able to laugh the whole ordeal went
       | away and no longer stressed me. This blog post is the same: it
       | helps SparkFun shifting the seriousness of the threat into
       | something laughable so it can be handled in a calm manner as it
       | should be and to not loose another night of sleep over it. How
       | exact or rational are the snarky remarks about the pattern
       | doesn't really matter.
        
       | ladyattis wrote:
       | These kinds of patents really prove that we need to boost the
       | budget for the USPTO since they're always having things like this
       | slip through despite the prior art out there. It's much like the
       | FTC in this situation where Congress knows that if the FTC is
       | well funded then nonsense that businesses do won't get by so
       | easily so they starve the beast just enough to keep it
       | ineffective. I swear it's the same kind of setup for the patent
       | office.
        
       | FridayoLeary wrote:
       | > Patent trolls are Americans that are destroying American
       | manufacturing and small business
       | 
       | Why should the identity of their victims matter? Also, are they?
        
         | dbt00 wrote:
         | > > Patent trolls are Americans that are destroying American
         | manufacturing and small business
         | 
         | > Why should the identity of their victims matter? Also, are
         | they?
         | 
         | Because this is a fairly American problem with the American
         | patent system in particular and the ultimate target of pieces
         | like this are American lawmakers and voters.
         | 
         | It's not that only American victims matter, it's that this
         | problem is fairly American in nature and scope.
        
           | Covzire wrote:
           | Democrats have a chance at overhauling the Patent system
           | tomorrow, the pathetic nature of these thieves is hated
           | across the entire political spectrum and it would pass with
           | an overwhelming support if voted on by itself.
        
       | keithnz wrote:
       | I wonder whether I could get GPT3 to write patents for me so I
       | can be lazy patent troll? hmmm
        
       | AHappyCamper wrote:
       | Reading that article makes me not want to open a business in the
       | USA, and I really want to open a business in the USA...
        
       | desine wrote:
       | Interesting read. Much more in-depth bullshittery than the usual
       | patent troll. I love sparkfun, I've spent far too much money
       | there building small trinkets, but I like supporting a local
       | independent shop, and getting quality builds, rather than waiting
       | and risking lower quality direct from Shenzen. I'm almost glad
       | they got hit by the troll, because they're one of the companies
       | with the wherewithal and life to blow them out of the water.
        
         | yborg wrote:
         | Once the law firm realizes that their potential score here is
         | at best in the low hundreds of dollars, they will undoubtedly
         | never follow up. It's like any spam, the few victims they land
         | on will pay for dozens of pointless filings.
        
       | kens wrote:
       | I like SparkFun and I don't like patent trolls, but I have to say
       | that SparkFun's mockery of the patent doesn't make sense. It is
       | pretty clear that this patent was written by an engineer
       | describing their actual system in great detail followed by one
       | fairly narrow claim. I've seen many patents that are mostly
       | written by lawyers, and I don't see any influence of lawyers in
       | this patent.
       | 
       | SparkFun's criticism is kind of painful to read. The diagram that
       | SparkFun claims is SPI is not SPI. The discussion that SparkFun
       | claims is malloc is entirely unrelated to malloc. SparkFun claims
       | that when the patent discusses processing multiple streams of
       | data that it's discussing variable length arrays, but it's not.
       | They claim that a MAU doesn't exist, but a MAU is a multiplier-
       | accumulator unit. SparkFun seems to be entirely confusing the
       | motivation of the engineer filing the patent in 2008 with the
       | motivation of the patent trolls. I've seen many patents that are
       | fluff and nonsense, but this one is a solid patent.
       | 
       | The infringement claim is probably bogus; I don't see any
       | evidence that the pcDuino infringes the one narrow claim in the
       | patent. I hope that SparkFun can quickly get rid of this lawsuit.
       | I don't get any enjoyment out of criticizing SparkFun's post, but
       | having spent the time to look over the patent, I feel that I
       | should comment.
        
         | Traster wrote:
         | >SparkFun's criticism is kind of painful to read. The diagram
         | that SparkFun claims is SPI is not SPI. The discussion that
         | SparkFun claims is malloc is entirely unrelated to malloc.
         | 
         | Yeah this is where my spidey sense started tingling. He mocks
         | "Dynamic RAM" but I don't understand the joke, there is dynamic
         | and static RAM and presumably this patent is talking about
         | loading the configuration at run-time as opposed to using
         | something like Flash. What's funny about this?
         | 
         | As far as I understood the parts he was narrating it sounds
         | less like malloc and more like a reprogrammable instruction
         | memory. It's certainly not something unique and patentable but
         | might be valid context for a real innovation.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | jayzalowitz wrote:
         | Most likely: Kens runs a site on reverse engineering and the
         | first result is a arduino. Ken is advising/writing/a part of
         | the suit somehow.
        
           | kens wrote:
           | Let me state that this[*] is 100% not true. I have no
           | connection at all with this suit, except seeing it on HN like
           | everyone else. It's a bit bizarre to appear in some sort of
           | conspiracy theory.
           | 
           | [*] i.e. the second sentence. I do have a blog on reverse
           | engineering.
        
         | colejohnson66 wrote:
         | Yeah. This was painful.
         | 
         | > Al is claiming that they have patent number 6289434 which
         | they quickly start referring to as patent '434. Can I tell you
         | how humorous it is that an attorney feels it necessary to
         | shorten a 7-digit number to a 4-character abbreviation? Thanks
         | Al. That really saves me some time.
         | 
         | The 3 digit "abbreviation" is a common thing in patent law.
         | It's because, when in court, they refer to them by those last
         | three if they're unambiguous (to save time). So it would make
         | sense to use the "abbreviated" form in the legal filings.
         | 
         | Now, about it being expired:
         | 
         | > Patent 6289434 was written in 1998 and granted in 2001. I'll
         | start by pointing out that patents are valid for 20 years from
         | the date on which the application for the patent was filed, so
         | 2018, but I'm no patent attorney.
         | 
         | IANAL as well, but Google Patents[0] lists it as expired
         | worldwide... Can anyone chime in about this?
         | 
         | [0]: https://patents.google.com/patent/US6289434B1/en
        
           | josaka wrote:
           | 20 years is a good first approximation for patent term.
           | Patents expire 20 years from the first non-provisional
           | priority date in the US, plus whatever term extension is
           | granted by the USPTO to compensate you for USPTO delays, less
           | any term lost for a terminal disclaimer.
           | 
           | It's fair game to sue on an expired patent, because in some
           | cases, you can collect for past damages that accrued up to
           | six years in the past. That's probably why the complaint
           | focused on an older product, potentially sold during the
           | patent term.
        
         | AshamedCaptain wrote:
         | Having significant Gell-Mann amnesia here after reading the
         | article... and some of the comments here.
        
         | nixpulvis wrote:
         | I'm no patent lawyer either, but I skimmed over the pages of
         | "434" and it's clearly a bunch of half baked shit. Can you list
         | one novelty in there worthy of patent, even for 1998?
         | 
         | I'll grant you that `malloc` might be a bit of a stretch for
         | the full extent of the patent, but surely FPGA manufacturers
         | aren't sweating about this, right!?
         | 
         | Anyway, space-time tradeoffs and the like, it's all basically
         | the same shit, so why not just patent the whole shebang.
         | 
         | Well, at least Sparkfun's Nate is out to call you out.
        
           | colanderman wrote:
           | If you "skimmed pages" you are reading the wrong pages.
           | 
           | The only page that matters is the final one, the text after
           | "I Claim". It is very narrow (as the GP points out), and for
           | something that probably actually existed and did something
           | arguably, if minutely, novel. It sounds like a particular
           | implementation technique for some sort of MIMD vector
           | processor.
           | 
           | The entire rest of the document is explicatory, and indicates
           | nothing about what was actually patented, just about how the
           | invention is actually used in a system.
        
             | zh3 wrote:
             | Bit of a stretch to claim MIMD/vector processing covers
             | that particular product [0]; maybe they're going after that
             | because it's got a Mali 400 GPU (in which case I'd just
             | refer them to ARM's lawyers).
             | 
             | [0] http://web.archive.org/web/20160909142123/https://www.s
             | parkf...
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | The trolls presumably picked on SparkFun rather than ARM
               | because the latter has the resources to fight back hard.
        
               | zh3 wrote:
               | I once had a similiar situation, where we were going to
               | be sued if we didn't pay up. I sent back a letter asking
               | them to explicitly identify the infringing item; never
               | heard back.
        
             | roelschroeven wrote:
             | The claim as I understand it (for reference: based on the
             | description on the last page of https://cdn.sparkfun.com/as
             | sets/home_page_posts/3/9/1/7/Pate..., after "I Claim"):
             | 
             | "A data processing device with these components:
             | 
             | - RAM for storing data and instructions - Multiple
             | processors, each connected to the RAM, each with a
             | multiplier, an arithmetic unit, an arithmetic logic unit,
             | and a bit manipulation unit, all of these units coupled so
             | that output from one can be used as input for the next.
             | 
             | The processors can work in parallel. They can - read
             | instructions and data from RAM - execute the instructions
             | to process the data - output the results "
             | 
             | That's it (unless I missed something, but I don't think
             | so). That is not very narrow. On the contrary: it describes
             | pretty much any multi-processor system. It certainly
             | doesn't describe a particular implementation technique.
        
               | alias_neo wrote:
               | If I didn't know better, I could easily mistake that for
               | a description of the Cell microarchitecture[0]
               | 
               | "...that combines a general-purpose PowerPC core of
               | modest performance with streamlined coprocessing elements
               | which greatly accelerate multimedia and vector processing
               | applications, as well as many other forms of dedicated
               | computation."
               | 
               | and
               | 
               | "To achieve the high performance needed for
               | mathematically intensive tasks, such as decoding/encoding
               | MPEG streams, generating or transforming three-
               | dimensional data, or undertaking Fourier analysis of
               | data, the Cell processor marries the SPEs and the PPE via
               | EIB to give access, via fully cache coherent DMA (direct
               | memory access), to both main memory and to other external
               | data storage"
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28microprocessor%29
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | There is only one claim, and the whole claim is a bit
               | more specific that that. This prompts a couple of
               | questions for those who know more about these things than
               | I do:
               | 
               | 1) When a claim consists of a conjunction of clauses,
               | must an allegedly infringing device match all the clauses
               | in order for it to be infringing that claim, or can each
               | clause be infringed independently of whether the others
               | are? At first sight, the latter seems unworkable, as an
               | effective way to specify something is to say "it is a
               | sort of X, except that..."
               | 
               | 2) One of those clauses specifies "A plurality of media
               | processing units, each media processing unit having an
               | input/output coupled to at least one of the addressable
               | memory input/outputs and comprising:..." (four short
               | paragraphs follow, each describing, in general terms,
               | some aspect of these units.) For the purposes of
               | determining infringement of this patent, would any
               | component matching these four paragraphs be considered a
               | media processing unit?
        
               | colanderman wrote:
               | Regarding (1), yes, it must match all. Because of this,
               | patents usually enumerate variants as separate claims.
               | E.g., the 1st claim will be something very broad. The 2nd
               | claim will be, "claim 1, with feature X" [1]. The 3rd
               | claim, "claim 1, with feature Y". The 4th claim, "claim
               | 2, with feature X". etc. This (a) allows the inventor to
               | claim each aspect of their invention separately; (b)
               | since claims are invalidated independently, allows the
               | inventor to still claim the very specific combination of
               | _all_ parts of their invention, if the broader claims are
               | invalidated; and (c) allows the inventor to claim
               | refinements of the invention which might otherwise be
               | considered novel and therefore patentable by someone
               | else.
               | 
               | This patent is odd in that it _doesn 't_ follow that
               | pattern. Just one solitary claim.
               | 
               | (For reference, a random unrelated patent I happen to be
               | reading now uses 26 claims to basically say "we invented
               | a slightly different way to lay out RAID-6 parity
               | blocks".)
               | 
               | [1] The specific verbiage used is usually something like
               | "the system/method of claim N, further comprising
               | [additional mechanism]", or "the system/method of claim
               | N, wherein [specific design choice]".
        
           | Taniwha wrote:
           | I've said this elsewhere here but I think that 1) it's likely
           | been written by an engineer, not a patent lawyer, and 2) it's
           | possible that one reason for the large initial exposition is
           | not to claim new invention but to establish prior art - to
           | protect the engineer against patent trolls
        
         | barbegal wrote:
         | I agree, the patent is slightly odd in that it only makes a
         | single claim on the media processing units. I think any multi-
         | core processor would fit the claim of the patent. It seems that
         | in this case the engineer was told to file the patent but they
         | didn't have enough money to get the lawyers to produce some
         | proper claims to protect the unique elements of this design.
        
           | colanderman wrote:
           | Agreed. Most patents include a sequence of progressively
           | narrower claims building on one another, including
           | permutations of subsets of the new mechanisms claimed, with
           | the expectation that the broadest is likely invalid, the
           | narrowest is definitely novel, and the courts can determine
           | where the boundary falls between the others.
           | 
           | That this patent does none of this I agree suggests a lawyer
           | did not get paid enough, or the patent was intended to
           | publish the ideas (i.e. stop the "big players" from copying
           | an idea and patenting it).
           | 
           | As-is, depending on how you squint and read it, the single
           | claim either is too specific for anything but a clone of the
           | product it's describing to infringe, or so generic it's just
           | describing prior art.
        
       | fossuser wrote:
       | I wonder if it's possible to make some sort of patent troll
       | insurance company.
       | 
       | Basically a company that attempts to collect as many patents as
       | possible to weaponize against trolls and then provides legal
       | protection to clients from trolls. The clients can share their
       | patents with the insurance company too to help them become more
       | powerful.
       | 
       | Then when sued by a troll the insurance company goes scorched
       | earth to destroy them as a matter of policy. So their clients get
       | the benefit of also deterring suits just because they're
       | represented by this insurance company.
        
         | bjt wrote:
         | See https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/06/defensive-patent-
         | licen...
         | 
         | I did some work on this years before the article, while in law
         | school. Seems to be defunct now.
        
         | hellbannedguy wrote:
         | This is a good idea.
         | 
         | I'm surprised a clever 501c3 isn't quietly buying up patents,
         | and burying them, or using them as legal weapons against
         | companies that abuse the patent system.
         | 
         | Just did a quick search, and there is a company.
         | 
         | https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-takes-another-step-t...
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | Unfortunately the economics of insurance & low settlement
         | demands from patent trolls would simply come into sync at some
         | point.
         | 
         | This is because patent trolling is a low effort attack, while
         | fighting them is a high effort activity. With an insurance
         | company it would be no different: The pool of money from
         | premiums still wouldn't be enough to fight all of the trolls
         | because they would also all be pooled.
         | 
         | It's cheaper to just collect premiums, payout claims as little
         | as possible, and if claims get too high you re-assess your
         | actuarial tables and raise premiums where appropriate.
         | 
         | Insurance companies simply aren't in the business of solving
         | the root-cause of any given problem. They're in the business of
         | risk analysis & pooled risk & selling financial risk mitigation
         | on that basis.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > Insurance companies simply aren't in the business of
           | solving the root-cause of any given problem. They're in the
           | business of risk analysis & pooled risk & selling financial
           | risk mitigation on that basis.
           | 
           | Insurance companies generally hold vast amounts of assets -
           | and some already shift their investment strategy based on
           | policy, e.g. climate change and other sustainability goals
           | (see https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-
           | services/our-i...), work with large customers to reduce their
           | risk exposure or indirectly go after the root causes, e.g. by
           | exiting risk-prone markets (basically, no insurance any more
           | for flood or fire prone areas).
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Risk reduction is a little different than attempting to
             | solve the root cause. It's also notable that risk reduction
             | generally doesn't include launching massive litigation
             | initiatives. An important distinction is that insurance
             | companies try to reduce risk so that they reduce claims,
             | not solve the root problem. In fact solving the problem
             | could put them out of business. Any effort towards risk
             | reduction is to maximize profit, not solve the problem.
             | 
             | I also don't see any market that insurance companies could
             | exit to reduced patent trolling.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | This surely is true for things where insurance company
           | behavior doesn't increase risk. But here the incentives are
           | different because every dollar they pay out to a patent troll
           | is a dollar that can be used against them.
           | 
           | I could believe that they wouldn't be "scorched earth" about
           | it. But I could see them being incredibly difficult to get a
           | dime out of. Insurance companies tend to be like that
           | normally, but here the incentives are even stronger.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | > Insurance companies simply aren't in the business of
           | solving the root-cause of any given problem.
           | 
           | There is precedent for insurance underwriters to attempt to
           | modify/reduce the risks of their underwriting.
           | 
           | Aviation insurance often comes with training or other
           | restrictions more severe than what the FAA requires.
           | "Coverage shall not be in effect until pilot completes
           | FlightSafety initial. Coverage will then be only for
           | supervised operations by a pilot meeting the open pilot
           | requirements listed in ___ until a further 25 hours of
           | supervised operating experience is completed." or similar.
           | 
           | UL (Underwriters' Laboratories) origin story is from building
           | insurance underwriters seeking to understand their risk.
        
         | 6510 wrote:
         | You could gather a bunch of anons on some hard to track website
         | then mail bricks and letters to them.
         | 
         | Every envelope has to be opened. The content can be the usual
         | wordy mess and be made to look a lot like the official kind of
         | mail they receive so that it all has to be kept and sorted to
         | make sure nothing important is skipped.
        
         | akdor1154 wrote:
         | Might work, still sounds like a protection racket though.
        
         | lozaning wrote:
         | >Basically a company that attempts to collect as many patents
         | as possible to weaponize
         | 
         | You've more or less explained IBM. You cant come at IBM because
         | their patent portfolio is so vast, they you're bound to be
         | doing something that infringes on some patent they have.
         | 
         | When I working there you wouldn't get promoted from being an IC
         | to a manager unless you had at least 10 patents to your name
         | during your tenure there.
        
         | qbasic_forever wrote:
         | Hold on, I'm going to go patent this idea. :)
        
         | alisonkisk wrote:
         | 1. This is called a patent pool. It's very common.
         | 
         | 2. You can't sue a parent troll for patent infringement, since
         | they don't have any technology business. They are only
         | "companies" on paper.
        
           | staticautomatic wrote:
           | You can preemptively sue them, albeit not for infringing on
           | your IP. It's called declaratory relief.
        
             | _jal wrote:
             | You can only try that if you know they exist.
        
               | staticautomatic wrote:
               | Sure, but they have to come up for air sooner or later.
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Unfortunately it would basically be an ongoing DDoS on the
             | court system to try to get declaratory relief for existing
             | garbage patents and the never ending stream if them created
             | every day.
        
               | staticautomatic wrote:
               | Maybe. I'm not sure anyone has tried it. It wouldn't work
               | against a party like Intellectual Ventures but in theory
               | you might be able to take out a nascent troll with a
               | smaller war chest, and if you win they might have a tough
               | time selling off their portfolio.
        
         | lathiat wrote:
         | See also the Open Invention Network:
         | https://openinventionnetwork.com/
        
         | foodstances wrote:
         | https://lotnet.com/
        
           | rawtxapp wrote:
           | This is it, for companies that are not generating money, it's
           | free to join too.
        
         | URSpider94 wrote:
         | There's a ton of asymmetry that makes this not work. One,
         | patent trolls are "non-practicing entities". They don't build
         | anything, or do anything other than sue people, so you can t
         | sue them for infringement of patents. Two they shard their
         | portfolio into very small chunks, often one patent per company.
         | If you knock down one patent, you just take out that one
         | patent. Three, they are usually run by lawyers, so their cost
         | to attack is just their time, whereas you'll have to hire an
         | attorney at market rate to respond. Four, if things get hairy,
         | they can almost always just dismiss the case, and then you lose
         | any claim you have against them, because they're not suing you
         | any more. It's tricky to get counterclaims set up so you can
         | continue grinding them down after they try to dismiss - and it
         | will cost you money. And, at the end of the day, you'll at best
         | invalidate their one patent.
        
       | ohazi wrote:
       | > > The cost is further reduced by employing only static or
       | dynamic ram as a means for holding the state of the system. [...]
       | 
       | > Dynamic ram? Can I poke fun at them for not knowing what RAM
       | is? Yes I can.
       | 
       | > The above paragraph succinctly describes malloc(), which is
       | perhaps one of the most fundamental advancements in modern
       | computing. The problem is that Al didn't invent it. Memory
       | management (the ability to take RAM and then give it back when
       | your function is done) goes back to the dawn of computing.
       | 
       | No, this is wrong.
       | 
       | Nathan is referring to _dynamic memory allocation_ , which is
       | what malloc does, but that isn't what this line in the lawsuit is
       | talking about.
       | 
       | Dynamic RAM, or DRAM is RAM that stores state in a capacitor.
       | This is what your laptop uses -- DDR4 SDRAM is "Double data rate
       | (version 4) synchronous _dynamic RAM_ ". In DRAM, the charge on
       | the capacitors slowly dissipates, so DRAM needs to be "refreshed"
       | periodically, which is why it's referred to a "dynamic" RAM.
       | 
       |  _Static_ RAM, or SRAM, is RAM that stores state in a register-
       | like structure (usually cross-coupled inverters). It 's "static"
       | in that it doesn't need to be refreshed -- as long as the supply
       | voltage is maintained, the bits stored in an SRAM will remain
       | intact.
       | 
       | I agree that this patent lawsuit is bullshit, and I really hate
       | to derail the conversation, but I'm surprised by Nathan's
       | misunderstanding here, given that SparkFun makes embedded boards
       | that use all kinds of memory. SRAM/DRAM isn't unusual
       | terminology. The distinction doesn't even matter in the context
       | of this line in the lawsuit, but if you're going to make a point
       | of nitpicking about something, you should really make sure that
       | you're actually right about it first...
        
         | cecilpl2 wrote:
         | You are mistaken. The lawsuit itself is clearly referring to
         | dynamic memory allocation. It refers to "static or dynamic ram"
         | to mean RAM in general, but the paragraph has nothing to do
         | with the characteristics of SRAM vs DRAM.
         | 
         | From page 6 of the lawsuit [0]:
         | 
         | > in fixed function implementations all possible functional
         | requirements of the necessary data processing must be
         | implemented on the silicon regardless of the final application
         | of the device or the nature of the data to be processed.
         | 
         | > Therefore, if a fixed function device must adaptively process
         | data, then it must commit silicon resources to process all
         | possible flavors of the data.
         | 
         | > The inventors therefore sought to provide a new apparatus for
         | implementing systems on a chip that will enable the user to
         | achieve performance of fixed-function implementation at a lower
         | cost.
         | 
         | > The lower cost is achieved by removing redundancy from the
         | system. The redundancy is removed by re-using groups of
         | computational and storage elements in different configurations.
         | 
         | > The cost is further reduced by employing only static or
         | dynamic ram as a means for holding the state of the system.
         | 
         | > All of this reconfiguration can take place dynamically in
         | run-time without any degradation of performance over fixed-
         | function implementations.
         | 
         | > The present invention is therefore an apparatus for
         | adaptively dynamically reconfiguring groups of computations and
         | storage elements in run-time to process multiple separate
         | streams of data and control at varying rates.
         | 
         | As you can see, it's saying that rather than pinning RAM (as
         | previous fixed-function approaches did in the 80s), this system
         | allows you to request memory dynamically.
         | 
         | I mean, it's a garbage patent anyway and not really worth so
         | much time trying to analyze what they are claiming, but Nathan
         | isn't wrong - the patent really isn't referring to SRAM and
         | DRAM.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://cdn.sparkfun.com/assets/home_page_posts/3/9/1/7/Alta...
        
           | ohazi wrote:
           | The lawsuit is decidedly _not_ referring to dynamic memory
           | allocation. There 's no way to "request" a runtime-specified
           | amount of memory dynamically here.
           | 
           | The memory in question is a tiny, fixed-size block of RAM
           | inside the chip that's directly connected to the various
           | logic blocks. There is no way to allocate or request anything
           | -- that memory is all you've got, and all of the bits have
           | been spoken for by the time the chip is taped out.
           | 
           | What they seem to be describing is something resembling a C
           | union mapped directly onto that RAM block. That's not
           | _dynamic_ allocation, that 's "these bits are interpreted
           | differently depending on which logic blocks are active, so
           | that we don't have to have a separate RAM block for each
           | functional unit, because that would be a waste of space."
           | 
           | Every legal combination and order of configuration structures
           | in this RAM block is specified and tested, that's why it's
           | not dynamic allocation. If anything, it's a really big list
           | of possible _static_ allocations.
           | 
           | I agree with you that the SRAM/DRAM distinction is
           | immaterial, but that's just how patents are written.
           | 
           | But of course, all this is a complete tangent. Nothing that
           | SparkFun makes has _anything to do with any of this_.
        
             | nickysielicki wrote:
             | What chance does our legal system have of gauging the
             | validity of these patents when we can't even get a forum of
             | technical people, with no horse in the race, to agree on
             | what these things mean?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | My understanding is that this is basically the endgame of
               | all patents related to computing. You want to patent
               | something so vague and poorly defined that it can be used
               | to make a claim against anything.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Yes, that is very common for patents, but is not the case
               | here. The patent and even lawsuit are very explicit that
               | the "invention" works with _both_ static and dynamic RAM.
               | There is no point where they claim that dynamic RAM is
               | better or some novel part of their invention. They are
               | instead excluding the need for things like ROM.
        
               | simondotau wrote:
               | In a reasonable world, benefit of the doubt shouldn't be
               | given to the patent holder when there is genuine
               | confusion. It should be incumbent upon the filer to
               | describe their invention in a way that is clear to
               | experts in that relevant field.
               | 
               | Sadly I suspect the world we live in isn't so reasonable.
        
               | URSpider94 wrote:
               | The patent holder didn't receive their patent by
               | accident. It was reviewed by an examiner in the patent
               | office. Patent examiners are skilled technical
               | researchers who are trained to comprehend the matter they
               | are examining. Once a patent has been granted, indeed,
               | there is benefit of the doubt that the patent is valid.
               | However - when it comes to whether the patent applies to
               | a given invention, that's a matter of debate in a
               | courtroom.
        
               | sircastor wrote:
               | In think you are grossly overestimating the effort and
               | expertise being applied in patent approval.
               | 
               | Or more specifically, I think you're overestimating the
               | expertise of the examiner in the relevant field.
        
               | smaudet wrote:
               | This is also completely ignoring economics of quality for
               | government - the folks working there typically are either
               | bottom rung (willing to accept non-competetive lower
               | pay), or as a 'civic duty' of some sort. There is some
               | exception perhaps for the intelligence community (NSA et
               | all) because they have had somewhat a monopoly in that
               | legally speaking, although again, there are private
               | entities out there you never hear of which may be of
               | higher quality.
               | 
               | But even there, talk to pretty much any vet - you can
               | quickly surmise that as far as classifications go, most
               | stuff is over classified without valid reason, because
               | the safest thing to do for the low level peon is slap a
               | "top secret" on anything and everything...
               | 
               | And there's plenty of evidence otherwise as others have
               | mentioned - most patents are garbage and should never
               | have been given out.
        
               | chris_wot wrote:
               | Patent examiners seem to grant all sorts of crap that is
               | prior art. I have very little faith in them.
               | 
               | Edit: removed example, it was wrong.
        
               | simondotau wrote:
               | That's certainly a good description of how the patent
               | registration process is designed to work. Unfortunately
               | reality, as represented by the broad proliferation of
               | exceedingly moronic patents, begs to differ.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | No, you are obviously wrong here. Even the wording of the
           | lawsuit is extremely clear: "The cost is further reduced by
           | employing only static or dynamic ram as a means for holding
           | the state of the system." - that is, they only use S/D RAM
           | for holding the state of the system, no other kind of memory.
           | 
           | I have no idea how you can misread this to think it refers to
           | requesting memory dynamically - they _explicitly_ say
           | "static or dynamic ram" - they claim the system can work with
           | static RAM just as well as dynamic RAM. How do you or
           | SparkFun come up thinking they are saying dynamic RAM is
           | better?
        
             | Nevermark wrote:
             | Requesting memory "dynamically" has nothing to do with
             | "dynamic' in 'dynamic memory".
             | 
             | Requesting dynamically means that RAM is allocated while a
             | program is running, not at compile or simply launch time.
             | That is a software consideration.
             | 
             | Dynamic RAM means memory that requires refreshes to
             | maintain the information it stores. A completely unrelated
             | hardware concern.
             | 
             | The word dynamic simply means something that happens in
             | time so is used in a myriad of otherwise quite different
             | computing concepts.
        
               | mirker wrote:
               | I'd just like to add that "Dynamic Programming" is one
               | example of word fluff. "Dynamic" is somewhat of an
               | ambiguous marketing buzzword, unfortunately.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | > Requesting dynamically means that RAM is allocated
               | while a program is running, not at compile or simply
               | launch time. That is a software consideration.
               | 
               | Yes, that's part of my point. The lawsuit and patent
               | clearly say dynamic/static RAM, they never talk about
               | software and never mention requesting/allocating memory,
               | dynamically or otherwise.
        
             | smaudet wrote:
             | You are cherry picking:
             | 
             | "The '434 patent refers to the aggregate of the dynamically
             | reconfigurable computational and storage elements as a
             | "media processing unit."
             | 
             | They are broadly talking about loading things in RAM. If
             | there is a more specific purpose, its not mentioned here.
             | 
             | I.e. there is no special purpose chip here which happens to
             | be embedded in some other special purpose device, it
             | honestly sounds like some engineer wrote a driver that
             | could live in RAM and they tried to patent that.
             | 
             | It then specifically goes on talk about it being a thing at
             | runtime, not some pre-soldered state, i.e. software, so
             | yes, malloc.
             | 
             | Utterly ridiculous.
        
           | jhgb wrote:
           | > As you can see, it's saying that rather than pinning RAM
           | (as previous fixed-function approaches did in the 80s), this
           | system allows you to request memory dynamically
           | 
           | I must have missed the "as you can see" part since I see
           | nothing in the quoted passages that would contradict the
           | notion of a device configured by the contents of some SRAM or
           | DRAM cells. At the very best one could say that the text
           | might be ambiguous. After all, "cost is further reduced by
           | employing only static or dynamic ram as a means for holding
           | the state of the system" is a statement that you could easily
           | make about a bog-standard von Neumann computer as well.
        
         | sharemywin wrote:
         | I remember when I toured a research nuclear reactor and I was
         | talking with the nuclear phd student and I said something about
         | an alpha particle and the protons and neutrons. And they were
         | trying to say alpha particles aren't made up of protons and
         | neutrons. Made me realize than that even an expert in the field
         | might not know something that I would have thought was common
         | knowledge.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | Right. I was pretty surprised and amused when I was learning
           | nuclear chemistry and realized: an alpha particle is also a
           | helium-4 nuclei, a beta particle is an electron/positron, and
           | a gamma ray is just high energy electromagnetic radiation.
           | 
           | This is sort of because the discoveries were made before
           | people were really aware of helium nuclei,
           | electrons/positrons, or high energy EM, they just ran
           | physical experiments in a lab and saw there were different
           | kinds of radiation that had different physical properties,
           | and under close inspection of those properties, the nature of
           | the radiation was deduced.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | I would think that not thinking alpha particle as "made up"
           | from protons and neutrons helpful abstraction in thinking
           | about fission. Yes, they are, but we can't really form them
           | or deform them at will. Specially when you already deal with
           | free neutrons.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | It's not uncommon for someone to be so focused on their
           | specific area of a field that they loose sight of the rest of
           | the areas.
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | They may have been so into their own bellybutton lint that
           | they were very concerned about the difference between bound
           | quarks on a QCD lattice compared to just elmer's gluing 2
           | free neutrons and 2 free protons together or something like
           | that.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | Yes, I have heard a lot of times how atom nuclei and alpha
             | particles aren't made of protons and neutrons. It's always
             | on this sense.
             | 
             | Some times the difference is relevant (and people dealing
             | with radioactivity see those times more often than others),
             | but some people insist on the pedantic distinction even
             | when it isn't.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | The binding energy of protons & neutrons into nuclei is
               | less than 1% of their mass, so the energy required to
               | separate a nucleus, like an alpha particle, into all its
               | constituent protons and neutrons, is negligible in
               | comparison with the energies required for interactions so
               | intense that they would generate any other hadrons except
               | protons and neutrons, for example pi mesons, which would
               | expose the inner structure of protons and neutrons.
               | 
               | This is an important feature of nature, whose consequence
               | is that the most convenient way of understanding the
               | world is that the first approximation, which is useful
               | for almost all practical purposes, is to consider
               | everything as composed of protons, neutrons and
               | electrons, which are bound by strong, electromagnetic and
               | gravitational forces and that there are also positrons
               | (antielectrons), which can be generated in sufficiently
               | intense interactions and which will annihilate with
               | electrons.
               | 
               | Only for few purposes it is necessary to go beyond this
               | and take into account that there are many other hadrons
               | composed of quarks, besides protons and neutrons, and
               | that there are also other leptons.
               | 
               | The distinction between these 2 level of approximation is
               | important and whoever likes to think that alpha particles
               | as not being made of protons of neutrons fails to get it.
               | 
               | Of course, for many purposes you can ignore the strong
               | nuclear forces and you can consider the surrounding world
               | as being made of electrons and of a little less than 300
               | kinds of long lived nuclei, which are bound by
               | electromagnetic and gravitational forces.
               | 
               | At this other level of approximation, you should ignore
               | the proton-neutron composition of any nucleus, but when
               | you talk about alpha particles, you normally mean helium
               | nuclei having a kinetic energy high enough to not be
               | negligible in comparison with the binding energies of
               | nuclei, so you are not in a situation when you can ignore
               | the nuclear compositions.
               | 
               | In any physical model, it is important to specify clearly
               | which is the level of approximation at which it works.
               | Mixing randomly various levels of approximation of the
               | structure of things is usually a bad strategy.
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | Yes, but very smart people are often hyperfocused on
               | their own particular bellybutton lint like I said.
               | 
               | For someone whose whole job revolves around the quark
               | structure of nuclei they may see it important enough to
               | "correct" someone who only thinks of nuclei as protons
               | and neutrons flying around each other in relative
               | isolation like planets.
               | 
               | Add a dash or ten of Asperger's (we're talking about
               | nuclear physicists here) and that's how you wind up with
               | an expert "correcting" a non-expert about a casual fact
               | which is 99.9% correct.
               | 
               | Thinking that the expert was too dumb to know that fact
               | is probably the wrong interpretation.
               | 
               | Thinking that the expert was making a
               | social/communication mistake is probably the right one.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | There are some pretty obvious followup questions:
           | 
           | - What are alpha particles made of?
           | 
           | - When an element undergoes alpha decay, its atomic number is
           | reduced by two. Where do the protons go?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | cjtrowbridge wrote:
             | An alpha particle is a particle produced during alpha
             | decay. It's always just a helium-4 which is made of two
             | protons and two neutrons but with no electrons. This is why
             | we have to mine for helium because it is produced in the
             | ground by alpha decay.
             | 
             | It's different from normal helium because it doesn't have
             | any electrons and it has an empty orbital which means it
             | really really would like to have some electrons and also
             | it's going crazy fast when it is created so that's why it's
             | dangerous. But then once it takes those electrons from
             | somewhere it becomes normal helium. You just don't want
             | that happening in your body.
             | 
             | It seems like the other commenters in this thread are
             | alluding to the electron thing maybe? Not exactly sure what
             | point they're making.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | I believe that is clear, those questions were intended to
               | be read as ones to put to the nuclear engineer who
               | claimed an alpha particle was not made of two nuetrons
               | and two protons.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | As far as I understand, the claim is actually that an
               | Alpha particle is made up of quarks and gluons, the same
               | number you would find in 2 protons and 2 neutrons, but
               | that the proton and neutron are different things.
               | 
               | It sounds like there's a very technical distinction about
               | exactly how you define a particle. Essentially, I believe
               | that the claim is something like saying that modeling an
               | alpha particle as 2 neutrons and 2 protons loses some
               | information that you would have if you model it as 12
               | quarks, because the 12 quarks interact in (slightly)
               | different ways than a proton and a neutron would.
        
         | rrss wrote:
         | pretty sure the author is describing how the "runtime
         | reconfiguration" described in the next two sentences of the
         | lawsuit after the one you quoted is a memory allocator, not
         | confused and thinking "dynamic RAM" means "dynamically
         | allocated memory"
        
           | simiones wrote:
           | But that would also be a wrong interpretation: the runtime
           | reconfiguration refers to something more similar to (but
           | differen from) the programmable gate array of an FPGA, where
           | the interconnect between all the components gets re-
           | configured to achieve different logic while other
           | computations are running.
        
           | ohazi wrote:
           | This line appears to suggest otherwise.
           | 
           | > Dynamic ram? Can I poke fun at them for not knowing what
           | RAM is? Yes I can.
           | 
           | He's trying to nitpick about the term "dynamic" in this
           | context, which he has misunderstood to mean "dynamic
           | allocation" (i.e. the alternative to "static allocation").
           | The phrase "static or dynamic RAM" is basically never used to
           | refer to memory allocation, it refers to the physical
           | construction of the memory. This is especially true if the
           | paragraph is next to a block diagram that includes an ALU...
           | They are five levels removed from any sort of allocator.
           | 
           | The rest of the paragraph doesn't describe a memory
           | allocator, it's describing runtime reconfiguration of a
           | circuit, which you can do (and often _do_ do) using a
           | statically allocated configuration block or even a hard-wired
           | dedicated memory. Again, nothing to do with malloc.
           | 
           | Whether a configuration memory is SRAM or DRAM based is
           | immaterial, but patent language likes to make a point of
           | enumerating the possibilities.
        
             | rrss wrote:
             | > The rest of the paragraph doesn't really describe a
             | memory allocator, it's describing runtime reconfiguration
             | of a circuit, which you can do (and often do do) using a
             | statically allocated configuration block or even a hard-
             | wired dedicated memory.
             | 
             | IMO you are being much too generous in your interpretation
             | of this trolling.
             | 
             | The claim is that pcDuino is infringing because it has a
             | Cortex A9 with addressable memory. This chip does not have
             | any of the fancy reconfiguration you have in mind, but the
             | trolls believe it implements their patent, so I don't see
             | how they can mean what you think they do.
        
               | ohazi wrote:
               | No, I completely agree with you.
               | 
               | I'm nitpicking about a nitpick, and I feel kind of bad
               | for derailing the conversation, because the patent
               | assertion _is_ completely ridiculous.
               | 
               | I just think that Nathan shouldn't have made the jab
               | about malloc, because making that kind of mistake
               | detracts from his otherwise very valid criticism.
        
             | rrss wrote:
             | I read that line as poking fun of the fact that RAM is not
             | capitalized because the lawyers that wrote this think "ram"
             | is a word, not an acronym
        
               | ohazi wrote:
               | Eh, _shrug_. I don 't think so.
               | 
               | In any case, the fact that SparkFun _doesn 't even do
               | semiconductor design_ makes this whole lawsuit even more
               | ridiculous. They put chips onto boards, they don't design
               | ALUs with special configurable control bits!
        
               | URSpider94 wrote:
               | It actually doesn't matter if SparkFun designs chips.
               | They do buy them, and re-sell them in devices. Patent law
               | continues to apply to all downstream implementations of a
               | product, until the claim is "exhausted" by a license. So,
               | if the maker of the SoC doesn't have a license from this
               | troll, then the troll is free to sue all of their
               | customers, and in turn their customers, all the way down
               | until someone pays up.
               | 
               | It's a bit absurd to imagine, but if someone has a patent
               | on a CPU design, which is then used in a radio, which is
               | installed in a car, which is driven by a taxi driver,
               | then the patent holder can in principle sue the taxi
               | driver for using their radio without licensing the
               | patent.
               | 
               | In practice, patent trolls will figure out who they can
               | sue who is big enough to extract $$, but not so big as to
               | run the risk of them fighting back and invalidating the
               | patent.
        
               | ohazi wrote:
               | Yeah I know that this is how it works, I just think it
               | happens to be the worst possible way for it to work. If
               | anything, pointing to the upstream manufacturer should be
               | the end of it.
               | 
               | The fact that someone can sue me over some proprietary
               | implementation of something buried inside a chip I bought
               | where the only way to defend myself is for _me_ to go
               | chase down NXP or ARM is indeed absurd.
        
               | rytor718 wrote:
               | I know nothing about patent law but this strikes me as
               | false. I cannot be sued for turning on a radio in a
               | vehicle that I bought or rented. I've never heard of a
               | court thats accepted such frivolous claims either, nor of
               | any law that asserts such.
               | 
               | The manufacturer of that radio can possibly be downstream
               | sued, sure. That sounds at least plausible if they're
               | assembling said radio without proper license for the
               | parts. But simply using a radio _in my car_ doesn 't
               | strike me as something enforceable nor legitimate in any
               | way.
               | 
               | How do you figure a user downstream could be sued for not
               | licensing a radio in a car they bought/rented? You're
               | claiming we're all legitimate targets at this point in
               | the eyes of the law (anyone using a radio in a car) so
               | I'd like to understand this.
        
               | caf wrote:
               | That's exactly what I understood it to mean when I read
               | it.
        
               | mbreese wrote:
               | I read it the other way, but now that you mention it,
               | this interpretation makes _much_ more sense.
        
       | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
       | I was under the impression that modern patents had to have a
       | clear list of claims but this one has nothing but technobabble
       | and "1 Claim, 64 Drawing Sheets". How was this approved?
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | It was approved in 2001. They weren't as tight on this kind of
         | nonsense back then.
        
         | Taniwha wrote:
         | As I've mentioned elsewhere here I suspect that most of this
         | patent was originally written at least in part to establish
         | prior-art and as a result to avoid future patent claims - it's
         | some guy describing his quite valid new architecture - don't
         | tear him down for that.
         | 
         | What is an issue is: 1) the actual claim (last 2 pages) which
         | tries to essentially claim any multi-cpu shared memory computer
         | from the 1960s onwards, and 2) the patent troll trying to claim
         | this is valid
        
         | mikedilger wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure the patent office has been doing less and less
         | actual work, approving more and more patents, and figuring that
         | the courts can sort it out.
        
         | defaultname wrote:
         | What is the penalty for the USPTO if they grant patents that
         | shouldn't have been granted?
         | 
         | The answer, of course, is absolutely nothing at all. If someone
         | wants to force a review, the USPTO actually charges to give a
         | patent a second, more thorough look, effectively double
         | dipping.
         | 
         | It is a profoundly broken system, and people do just push
         | tonnes and tonnes of nonsense patents. This includes the major
         | companies (Apple, Microsoft, Google) who start shoveling
         | patents in the notion that they'll have a warchest of bullshit
         | if push comes to shove.
        
           | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
           | I could see why seeing as they don't want to screw around
           | with patent trolls either.
        
       | av3csr wrote:
       | I think MAUs are multiply-accumulate units.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | So, like DSPs have had forever?
        
           | av3csr wrote:
           | Yep, nothing novel about it
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | The patent is indeed expired (there's a website that will tell
       | you that date, but I forget its URL), but they can still sue for
       | infringement that took place before the expiration date.
       | 
       | If the total damages are small (as it appears), then you are
       | probably costing them more than the suit is worth. So I'd expect
       | them to offer to settle for a token amount, to avoid having an
       | official loss on the record. But IANAL and this is not legal
       | advice.
        
         | arvindamirtaa wrote:
         | > offer to settle
         | 
         | They can do that. But there isn't much leverage for them if
         | they do that. They'll be giving their hand away and at that
         | point SparkFun has almost no reason to pay a single dollar.
         | 
         | Disclaimer : IANAL
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | At Google I went to a talk by a former patent troll about
           | their business models.
           | 
           | They buy a patent, and then milk it for what it's still
           | worth. Eventually that goes to zero.
           | 
           | If they lose a case publicly, then it's zero immediately. If
           | they settle privately, then the patent is still useful
           | against other victims. The main goal isn't to get $$ from
           | SparkFun -- it's to keep SparkFun from destroying their
           | asset.
        
       | cycomanic wrote:
       | I've said it before, but if you support the patent system, but
       | say patent trolls should be abolished you are essentially saying
       | that patents are only for big corporations to protect their turf
       | from new incomers.
       | 
       | One argument is often patent trolls don't make anything
       | themselves. So someone who makes a truly groundbreaking invention
       | but for some reason (e.g. it requires huge capital) does not want
       | to create a company for manufacturing it, should not be able to
       | use patents? Also if they would actually make a company to build
       | it and then try to go after a big player who infringes on their
       | patent, if the big player doesn't want to pay the big player
       | would most certainly win. They would just bring out lots of their
       | patents that the small player supposedly infringes and thus make
       | the suit to expensive to win. Essentially, if being an actual
       | "builder" becomes a requirement, only big players will profit,
       | because they have the pockets to kill off any small competitor
       | through costs.
       | 
       | The other argument is patents are to bogus/general. Which is
       | true, but what is the alternative, make the patent investigation
       | even more elaborate and costly (it already is very expensive), so
       | again only the big players gain.
       | 
       | The problems people point to with patent trolls, are problems
       | inherent in the patent system. Patent trolls are just a
       | convenient boogey man to blame so the big players can keep a
       | system that disproportionately be if its them. There is virtually
       | no benifit to the patent system overall and it should be
       | abolished.
        
         | jdmichal wrote:
         | > So someone who makes a truly groundbreaking invention but for
         | some reason (e.g. it requires huge capital) does not want to
         | create a company for manufacturing it, should not be able to
         | use patents?
         | 
         | If it's "truly groundbreaking", how are so many other entities
         | which are being sued blindly stumbling into the exact same
         | thing? That seems like a loose definition of the "obviousness"
         | part of patent invalidation to me.
         | 
         | If an inventor doesn't want to manufacturer it, they're welcome
         | to sell licenses or even the whole patent. That should mean
         | going out and actually selling the damn thing. Make a case for
         | its value to buyers, which should be easy for anything "truly
         | groundbreaking", right?
         | 
         | But to just patent something, do absolutely nothing, then
         | circle back around 15 years later and sue everything that
         | _might_ be infringing? That 's the (potential strawman)
         | situation that people are actually reacting to. I would not
         | have any issue if these patents or licenses to them were
         | actively being marketed and sold.
        
           | cglace wrote:
           | Maybe they spent billions to stumble into it.
        
         | hrishi wrote:
         | Agreed about size when it comes to suing for patent rights.
         | However, the problem with patent trolls is the same as
         | copyright trolls: they send out unimaginable amounts of
         | spurious notifications in the hope that some will pay. The spam
         | really is the problem here.
         | 
         | I have no problem with a company - any company - making a
         | serious allegation against someone else using IP they hold.
         | They deserve to be heard. Being able to send out 1000 of these
         | in a day without consequence is a big problem.
         | 
         | How about something like an exponential ratchet or cool down
         | period for losing patent lawsuits? Maybe the cost to file (or
         | damages if you lose) doubles after every 10th lawsuit you lose
         | against 10 different entities, for a year.
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | I generally agree that patent trolls are just particularly good
         | at highlighting general problems with the patent system itself.
         | 
         | However, one real difference is that it seems large companies
         | aren't particularly looking to enforce patents like this one.
         | If this patent were in the hands of IBM, Microsoft, Oracle,
         | etc, would they actually be suing competitors (the ones that
         | hadn't signed on to a non-aggression agreement), or would they
         | consider it junk for purely defensive purposes?
         | 
         | Given that small businesses generally aren't receiving such
         | shakedown letters from large corporations, I'm guessing the
         | latter. Large companies have determined that it's not in their
         | best interest to pursue such action. While for small non-
         | practicing entities a few junk patents are all they have, and
         | so they might as well try fooling some people.
        
         | burnished wrote:
         | "So someone who makes a truly groundbreaking invention but for
         | some reason (e.g. it requires huge capital) does not want to
         | create a company for manufacturing it, should not be able to
         | use patents?"
         | 
         | Correct. A patent is for protecting your profits after you
         | invent something, right? So if you aren't making anything then
         | all you are doing is fruitlessly locking up some novel insight
         | for a period of time. You also aren't experiencing a damage to
         | your zero profit. Worse, what we are seeing is questionably
         | novel patents being used years after their time to browbeat
         | people that actually do things and actually make things.
         | 
         | I would not weep if we were to abolish patent laws. I've been
         | told they are there to help and support inventors but I've seen
         | little evidence that this is the case.
        
         | smaudet wrote:
         | Hmm, I mostly agree that patents should be abolished, at least
         | for software systems...
         | 
         | But I'd like to examine this concept as patent trolls as heroes
         | for the little guy - are there any actual examples of this, at
         | least in the domain this usually is found (software)?
         | 
         | The only example I can think of is the inventor, who does
         | indeed come up with concepts which he may only journal -
         | ironically it used to be there was provision for this, having
         | prior art on the subject invalidates the patent, even if only
         | in concept. The difference being that this precludes the
         | inventor from being sued for having invented, versus the first
         | to file as it is now, which is what creates the whole pyramid
         | of perverse incentives in my view.
         | 
         | Patent trolls typically have done no work or have no prior art,
         | subsisting solely on "purchasing" invented arts - i.e. they
         | have done no previous work.
         | 
         | As you say, this mainly creates a system where the 'little guy'
         | just loses out, or people who have done nothing seek to
         | swindle. You can have a system which protects concepts only if
         | you also allow in the system that it is a system only to be
         | used in an actual defensive situation, such as an inventor with
         | an idea being protected from a large company trying to sue for
         | so called copying (under copyright law)
         | 
         | Of course you would need to create a second classification at
         | present, i.e. if you actually create a widget then you can only
         | claim a limited right to exactly thay widget and nothing else -
         | just the hint if non specificity would mean that the 'patent'
         | was invalid. And a broader class of patent which would be
         | claimed only in defense, i.e. public or private prior art.
         | 
         | What is broken seems to be the implementation (heh) not the
         | concept of patents.
        
       | ajnin wrote:
       | Don't patents examiners receive bonuses based on the number of
       | patent applications they process? And isn't accepting a patent
       | basically checking a box, while rejecting one requires an
       | argumented memoir and a lengthy back and forth discussion with
       | the applicant and an appeal process? The patent system is skewed
       | by design towards accepting patents too easily. I don't believe
       | that patents are entirely harmful, but I think they actually
       | hinder progress in 95% of the cases. The system works like this
       | by design, and a lot of interests rely on it. It will be very
       | hard to fix.
        
         | patentatt wrote:
         | They do receive bonuses for doing more work, not necessarily
         | for granting a patent. And you're dead wrong on the second
         | part, it's way way way way easier to write a rejection than
         | issue a patent because there's a good chance the applicant will
         | file a continuation and you'll get more counts for the same
         | work for an application that you already know well and have
         | done the legwork on. So no, examiners are not incentivized to
         | grant bullshit parents in any way shape or form.
         | 
         | Source: former examiner, current patent attorney who works with
         | examiners regularly.
        
           | rrss wrote:
           | There's sort of a lot of literature that suggests that the
           | USPTO does have a number of incentives to grant invalid
           | patents. Even if they are all mistaken, this suggests to me
           | that the issue is not as clear-cut as you say.
           | 
           | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1756-2171.12.
           | ..
           | 
           | > This means that the fastest way for an examiner to obtain
           | two counts is to dispose of an application through a first-
           | action allowance.
           | 
           | I think this is what you are saying.
           | 
           | > Disposing of an application through an abandonment or RCE
           | usually requires working through a series of responses and
           | amendments by the applicant and issuing a second office
           | action, none of which earns the examiner any counts.18 As a
           | result, it is more time consuming to earn the second count
           | through a rejection than through a grant. As others have
           | noted, the count system thus essentially rewards examiners
           | for granting patents (Merges, 1999; Jaffe and Lerner, 2004;
           | Lemley and Shapiro, 2005)
           | 
           | But this disagrees on whether the examiners get points for
           | the rest of the work on the same application.
           | 
           | https://law.utexas.edu/faculty/publications/2017-decreasing-.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/Frakes_Michael_IPSC_paper.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/0895330054048650
           | 
           | > legal scholars who have studied the patent prosecution
           | process have pointed to structural problems that encourage
           | the PTO to grant patents of doubtful quality, including high
           | examiner turnover and an incentive system that rewards
           | examiners for allowing but not for rejecting applications
           | (Merges, 1999; Thomas, 2001). As a result, the overwhelming
           | majority of patent applications in the United States, perhaps
           | 85 percent, ultimately result in an issued patent--far more
           | than in Europe and Japan (Quillen, Webster and Eichman, 2003;
           | NAS, 2004).
        
             | patentatt wrote:
             | Thank you for replying with citations and data - very cool
             | way to debate!
             | 
             | So I'm surprised at what these sources say, and I think it
             | may come down to tech center / art unit differences. I
             | worked in a very 'high technology' art unit, where first
             | action allowances were unheard of. A SPE would laugh you
             | out of their office if you proposed a first action
             | allowance. I don't think I ever even heard of one in my art
             | unit. So first action allowances just weren't on the table
             | for us in any meaningful way. But, I suppose it's possible
             | that examiners in some other art unit may look at it that
             | way.
             | 
             | I also disagree with the statement about RCE's. Examiners
             | definitely get (or used to get) a count for a first action
             | after an RCE. That first action is a gimme in terms of
             | difficulty, as the examiner already knows the application
             | well and knows the applicant well. In fact, it seems like
             | from the USPTO's website that they're working to
             | incentivize first action allowances over examiners
             | encouraging continuation practice, likely for this very
             | reason:
             | 
             | https://www.uspto.gov/patents/initiatives/patent-examiner-
             | co...
             | 
             | The other thing I'll say is that all issued patents aren't
             | the same. A patent with very narrow claims is harmless. So
             | just incentivizing issuance isn't necessarily bad. In fact,
             | most people don't realize it's very easy to get a patent
             | issued, as long as your claim is super long and therefore
             | super narrow. We used to call them 'two-handers' as in, it
             | takes both hands to cover it up on a printed page.
             | Encouraging more of those doesn't really harm anybody
             | (except the applicant).
        
         | acomjean wrote:
         | I'm not sure about the bonus situation, but the US patent
         | office is self funding (their budget is filing fees), so
         | they're is the perverse incentive to approve more patents.
        
       | civilized wrote:
       | I read the patent claim and ignored the rest, as the pros in
       | these threads have been recommending that we do. I paid careful
       | attention to the colons and semi-colons. There is one claim and
       | it is short and not hard to understand. Take a look for yourself,
       | you should be able to get the gist in well under 5 minutes:
       | https://patents.google.com/patent/US6289434B1/en.
       | 
       | To me, it looks like the patent is for.... "hooking up memory
       | together with several processors in a system, and having that
       | system process 'media' data in parallel" with "processor" defined
       | as "multiplier unit + arithmetic unit + arithmetic logic unit +
       | bit manipulation unit" (quotes mine, not from the patent text).
       | There's also a bit of stuff about how the arithmetic logic unit
       | and the bit manipulation unit should be able to "operate
       | concurrently" with some of the other units. It seems like this
       | patent is basically for the idea of parallel processing on modern
       | computers in general. If so, most of the computing industry
       | infringes this patent today.
       | 
       | I'm not a hardware expert, though, and it's possible I'm missing
       | something and the claim is more narrow. It depends on the exact
       | definition of those processor components and whether this ability
       | of some CPU sub-units to "operate concurrently" with others is
       | common on modern computers.
       | 
       | All that aside, the patent seems to have no intellectual value
       | whatsoever. I have no idea what the history of parallel
       | processing is, but it definitely predates the writing of this
       | patent in 1998. The only thing that seems even possibly new is a
       | tiny bit of text specifying which units should be able to operate
       | concurrently with other units. Is that supposed to be the novelty
       | that we're protecting with the power of the law for 20 years?
       | 
       | The point of patents is that the public benefits from novel
       | invention ideas being published, in exchange for the publisher
       | getting exclusive rights to the idea for a few years. The public
       | can build upon the idea sooner if it's published earlier. In what
       | universe do we imagine that someone reads this patent claim and
       | is enlightened and inspired to build upon it?
       | 
       | How is this patent anything but yet another insane, horrific
       | abuse of the system?
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | If I give it some broad leeway, it sounds somewhat similar to
         | the Parallax Propeller.
         | 
         | This diagram, for example, has some resemblance to his claims:
         | https://demin.ws/blog/english/2012/11/22/personal-mini-compu...
         | 
         | Compare to his drawing:
         | https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/67/ad/43/be96187...
         | 
         | But, personally, I don't understand why we're able to patent
         | something just by making narrow definitions of specific "ways"
         | of doing things in parallel, especially when they don't feel
         | "novel".
        
       | postmeta wrote:
       | Do the people that work there know it's a troll company I wonder?
       | Maybe like working at an MLM company, you've rationalized it in
       | your own mind as protecting inventors and creative people!
       | https://www.linkedin.com/company/ip-edge-llc
        
         | unclekev wrote:
         | From their LinkedIn
         | 
         | > We offer expertise in all phases of patent monetization. Our
         | team has helped inventors and companies alike establish
         | licensing revenue streams from IP. We specialize in uncovering
         | hidden value in IP assets, and monetizing such assets at a
         | price point that maximizes value.
         | 
         | They know that it's a troll company, The "About Us" is
         | essentially "DO YOU HOLD A PATENT?!? CALL US NOW TO MAKE $$$"
         | 
         | If there About Us was more along the lines of "our mission is
         | to protect inventors and represent creative types.." then I
         | would be more inclined to believe the people working there
         | might not be fully aware.
        
       | DarkmSparks wrote:
       | Austin Meyer of XPlane fame did a good documentary on this a few
       | years back.
       | 
       | https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.forbes.com/sites/johngreath...
       | 
       | Basically Laminar got sued for having an application on the apple
       | mobile store.
       | 
       | You Americans are crazy.
        
       | W-Stool wrote:
       | Did I miss in the article what the author plans to do about this?
       | It is one thing to poke fun at patent trolls, but when you are
       | the target of the troll legally you need to do something. What's
       | their response going to be?
        
         | arvindamirtaa wrote:
         | The author mentions that the product on which the suit is being
         | brought about sold very few units and that if they really want
         | to collect on their under-$500 in royalty, they are free to
         | bring up an expensive-for-them suit to do the same.
        
         | mrandish wrote:
         | Until and unless you've actually been sued in a relevant court,
         | you don't need to do anything (and frankly probably shouldn't,
         | it's like replying to spam). It appears Spark Fun has actually
         | been sued in this instance, which is a slightly more aggressive
         | form of trolling. IANAL but I am a very experienced serial
         | entrepreneur (and after a few decades you've pretty much seen
         | all the relevant flavors of this shit). Spark Fun probably
         | didn't say anything about their specific response in this case
         | because the general and prudent advice is to never publicly
         | discuss anything about an active suit without really good
         | reason.
         | 
         | Since the initial demand from the plaintiff already names a
         | price for settlement, that's a huge sign they aren't serious.
         | The fact it's $500 further reinforces this is a routine bulk
         | scam. In theory, if you don't respond at all they _could_ get a
         | default judgement when you no-show at the eventual hearing
         | date. The odds are overwhelming they don 't ever show up for
         | these, plus they'll (usually) also need to write and pay to
         | file some actual, specific argument in advance of the hearing
         | which you'll be able to see (when and if they actually filed
         | anything) putting you on notice they are actually playing.
         | 
         | If you're a cautious person and you or your firm have
         | significant enough business interests to care at all, then the
         | prudent thing to do is send it to your lawyer and tell them you
         | authorize 15m billing to read it and 15m to draft a response,
         | basically saying "fuck off". That way you're fully covered from
         | a _legal_ standpoint. If you 're just a guy in a garage selling
         | some stuff but aren't incorporated and don't really make any
         | money, then you _could_ just ignore it. Once again, this is
         | _only_ because they filed a suit. Just a random letter from an
         | obvious, known troll should be tossed. If you decide to
         | respond, be careful your diligent lawyer doesn 't run up >$500
         | just drafting up a routine response (which happens).
         | 
         | If you're a garage guy, you can probably find a pretty decent
         | 'mad libs' suit response online you can adapt yourself to just
         | file. It doesn't HAVE to come from a lawyer (although if it
         | were a _serious_ suit it 's always a good idea to get a
         | lawyer's input). At $500, the troll will lose money if they
         | respond to you at all (they already had to pay some minimum
         | filing and service fees).
         | 
         | I've had countless dozens of these patent troll registered
         | letters and zero of them ever amounted to anything at all. In
         | all these years and across dozens of products and technologies
         | I've had exactly ONE sort-of serious patent claim. It was
         | easily recognizable because it was a "letter of concern" from a
         | long-time leading company in that product space. They've been
         | around decades and have lots of patents. In some ways, they
         | pretty much invented the whole area. So I took that pretty
         | seriously. I talked about it with a good patent lawyer and also
         | read the patent and it's clear that our software wasn't
         | actually doing what their hardware did 15 years ago. Our
         | approach worked great but it was a bit of unorthodox counter-
         | intuitive cleverness (aka hack). We called them up and
         | determined they didn't really know "how" our software worked
         | and were just assuming it might infringe their patent. We told
         | them it didn't but they were still kind of concerned, so our
         | lawyer suggested "Hey, they seem pretty reasonable and they
         | aren't _that_ much bigger than you, why don 't you just fly
         | down there and white board just enough of your approach that
         | they understand it's _very_ different. "
         | 
         | So we flew down and met with their CEO and CTO and explained
         | until their CTO said "Oh, cooool." They went and talked for a
         | few minutes, came back, thanked us for coming down and gave us
         | a really nice tour before we left. Yes, we _possibly_ disclosed
         | a small part of a trade secret but the reality was those guys
         | were never going to compete with us as we were going after
         | different markets. Also, they clearly had nowhere near the low-
         | level software chops to emulate what our code did. At the end
         | of the day, the typical lawyer approach could have put us
         | through discovery and perhaps a summary judgement (and a
         | hundred grand in costs (min)) but looking at the circumstances
         | and just being reasonable was the smart play. In all my years
         | in business I 've never been to court over a patent thing and
         | only had to go to court once because, early on, I did a deal
         | with a crazy sue-happy partner who I didn't do enough due
         | diligence on. Lesson learned - and in that case, the litigious
         | idiot ended up dropping his suit when time came for discovery
         | and then paying all our costs just to get out of the counter-
         | suit we had to file. So... worked out okay but it was
         | expensive, distracting and annoying for six months.
        
           | rossjudson wrote:
           | I wonder how good GPT-3 is at generating really, really,
           | really lengthy legal responses. You just have to embed
           | something in the middle of it that's a bit more "real".
        
             | mrandish wrote:
             | That is a deviously _excellent_ thought. :-)
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | Patent trolls are pure evil.
       | 
       | The solution is to dismantle the system scummy patent attorneys
       | built and use to steal from good companies.
       | 
       | The entire patent system only serves to prevent competition
       | through a government enforced monopoly. Why is there only one big
       | aircraft manufacturer (Boeing) left in the US? Patents. Why is
       | there only one major DB maker (Oracle)? Patents. Get rid of
       | patents and you will greatly increased innovation and competition
       | and the consumer will win.
        
         | simiones wrote:
         | Isn't Microsoft (MSSQL) also a major player in the DB space?
        
         | justshowpost wrote:
         | No way. Without patents some angry consumer would write such
         | comment on lamb leather with goose feather. Just because ball-
         | point pens, ink and cellulose paper would be... a trade
         | secrets. Now think how much collaboration in exchange for
         | royalties in your PC and whatever network equipment you just
         | used to publish this opinion.
        
       | BeetleB wrote:
       | BTW, for anyone who hasn't heard it, the This American Life
       | episode linked to is absolutely worth listening to (or just read
       | the transcript).
       | 
       | They should link to the update to that story:
       | 
       | Transcript: https://www.thisamericanlife.org/496/transcript
       | 
       | Audio: https://www.thisamericanlife.org/496/when-patents-attack-
       | par...
       | 
       | One key takeaway: If you yield to a patent troll and agree to
       | give them some percentage of your earnings, and later that patent
       | gets invalidated - you still have to keep paying.
        
         | akudha wrote:
         | _If you yield to a patent troll and agree to give them some
         | percentage of your earnings, and later that patent gets
         | invalidated - you still have to keep paying._
         | 
         | This broke my brain. How does this make any sense
         | whatsoever??!!
        
           | compiler-guy wrote:
           | It's a term you agree to when you sign the settlement to get
           | them to go away the first time. And one of the reasons that
           | you shouldn't give in the first time either.
           | 
           | It makes sense to sign it because they have you over a
           | barrel.
        
       | Taniwha wrote:
       | OK - so I vaguely skipped through the patent looking for claims -
       | mostly it's a description of some guys possibly novel media
       | processor architecture, remember the description is not the
       | patent, the claims are. I could only find a short claims section
       | at the end (1.5 pages out of 56).
       | 
       | This doesn't read like most patents which tend to be lower on the
       | details, and longer on the claims, I suspect that this was either
       | written directly by the engineer, or written to effectively
       | publish the details of the design to avoid others patenting their
       | stuff out from under them (or both). Probably the original
       | company went under and the patent was onsold to the troll.
       | 
       | The actual claims have nothing to do with SRAM vs. DRAM (or even
       | malloc) - my (lay) reading of these claims are that you have to
       | have:
       | 
       | - memory containing instructions and data - more than one
       | processor containing a multiplier, an ALU, a logic unit, a bit
       | processing unit - all the media processors running in parallel
       | 
       | this does describe pretty much any modern multicore chip, or
       | graphics chip, and perhaps more closely Sony's Cells for example.
       | 
       | As a sometimes computer architect having a bunch of CPUs execute
       | code and data out of shared memory is 'obvious' (and was at the
       | time, I was building media processors before 1997, and frankly
       | was 30 years before). As far as prior art - I'd consider any
       | multi-cpu mainframe starting in the 1960's onwards to be valid
       | prior art here
       | 
       | If I were Sparkfun I'd pull in Arm, Intel, AMD, nVidia, Sony, IBM
       | .... and nuke this thing from orbit
        
         | leeter wrote:
         | nVidia and Sony actually cited this patent I'd think you'd need
         | to look further back. I'd guess Cray? This seems like something
         | they would have patented very early on with the Cray1.
        
           | Taniwha wrote:
           | Oh there's lots of prior-art way before Crays (B5500, CDC6700
           | - mid sixties for example)
           | 
           | Again the idea of sharing main memory between more than one
           | CPU is very old (and arguably 'obvious to an ordinary
           | practitioner of the art' who had taken a few comp sci
           | classes)
           | 
           | I mentioned nVidia/Sony et al because they're the ones
           | selling multicore CPUs right now and have the most to lose to
           | this sort of predatory troll
        
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