[HN Gopher] Maps Of Matter
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Maps Of Matter
        
       Author : optimalsolver
       Score  : 90 points
       Date   : 2021-06-29 09:44 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (futureofmatter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (futureofmatter.com)
        
       | pianoben wrote:
       | I just want to say that this website is _beautiful_. It 's
       | visually pleasing and spare. The HTML is purely semantic, and the
       | CSS is no more than necessary.
       | 
       | To me, this is an ideal web page. Hats off to the author!
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | (I hate to be _that guy_ but a flywheel is an energy storage
       | device, not a positive feedback loop.)
        
       | asplake wrote:
       | > Put another way: the conventional use of "emergent" has a
       | rather passive flavour. What I'm talking about is a much more
       | active imaginative stance, the kind of stance taken by people
       | like Bret Victor or Satoshi or Picasso.
       | 
       | "generative"?
        
         | beaconstudios wrote:
         | I think generative art could be emergent in future, but as far
         | as I'm aware it isn't currently. The best examples of designed
         | emergence we have right now are cellular automata, like
         | Conway's Game of Life, or Primordial particle systems
         | (https://youtu.be/makaJpLvbow).
        
           | asplake wrote:
           | Yes, though word is much broader in application than that.
           | See for example generative design [1]. Pattern languages
           | also, and the deliberate juxtaposition of things as a
           | creative catalyst. Sort of in line with the article I have
           | two metaphors for that idea in the knowledge creation arena:
           | "Throwing things into the Great Model Collider" and "One
           | model to the tune of another".
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | The essay claims we have a solid understanding of the basic rules
       | of physics. I'm not a physicist but my impression is that we
       | don't know a lot and are missing some essential parts. Black
       | matter and black energy anyone?
       | 
       | Perhaps our model of a world is missing a few dimensions which
       | makes it hard to understand what is going on.
       | 
       | Related: https://www.collective-
       | evolution.com/2013/07/02/flatland-und...
        
         | tgragnato wrote:
         | > Speculative, and likely contains errors, misconceptions, and
         | omissions; thoughtful, informed comments are welcome. Intended
         | for a general scientifically curious audience, not requiring
         | much detailed specialist background.
         | 
         | I enjoyed the reading, it is well written. Like you, I think
         | there is a bit too much speculation to consider it an article
         | suitable for a "scientifically curious audience". From my point
         | of view the parallels and the "connections" between phylogeny,
         | elements, matter and physics make it very little pseudo-
         | scientific and too metaphysical.
        
         | goldenkey wrote:
         | You mean dark matter and dark energy.
         | 
         | String theory posits 10+ dimensions but they would be extremely
         | tiny (compactified is the term) and cyclic so all objects would
         | travel through them in a modular way. Like, if you walked to
         | the end of your bedroom, you'd have gone through these
         | dimensions something like 10^100 times again and again like a
         | clock hand going around.
         | 
         | But experiments with gravity and light supposedly show no loss
         | of energy or speed and other metrics, that would indicate some
         | other hidden dimensions where energy could be absorbed/trapped.
         | 
         | It's possible these other dimensions have extremely high vacuum
         | states so they repel any incoming energy packets..but who
         | really knows?
         | 
         | In any case, we know plenty enough to start crafting new
         | combinations of atoms to create room temperature
         | superconductors. Fabrication techniques have to get better. We
         | should be testing 10000000 compounds every day. If we had room
         | temperature superconductors we could have CPUs, GPUs, and other
         | such transistor based technology running at 1000s of GHz. The
         | only reason we can't do that now is because of the heat given
         | off by the resistance of the materials we are currently using
         | to build these circuits!
         | 
         | Overclocking culture used to put liquid nitrogen on Pentium 4s
         | and get em up to 10+GHz. Fun but not sustainable. Just evidence
         | that the thermal envelope is the true problem for current
         | single core clock speeds.
         | 
         | A room temperature superconductor would change computing
         | forever. It is in my opinion, the thing we should be focusing
         | all our material science and physics efforts on. Computers that
         | are 1000s of times faster would allow us to take machine
         | learning, and by extension, artificial intelligence, to a new
         | frontier.
        
         | andreareina wrote:
         | The more complete claim is that we understand the _fundamental_
         | laws of physics _as they pertain to everyday life_. The
         | qualifications are important. Fundamental because being able to
         | predict the interactions of a handful of particles doesn 't
         | automatically lead to visibility of the large-scale behavior.
         | An example of this is protein folding: we know how proteins
         | fold, but finding out how to get a particular shape basically
         | requires brute-forcing the search space. Everyday life excludes
         | dark {matter,energy} as well as quantum gravity and anything
         | that requires the energies of large particle accelerators to
         | probe.
        
       | jeffreyrogers wrote:
       | I like that he is thinking in a bold way and hope it leads to
       | something productive, but it seems like nearly all of this
       | physics will be unverifiable and will remain theoretical. He's
       | talking about physics at time scales and conditions that are not
       | found naturally earth and that require a tremendous amount of
       | energy to produce.
        
       | beaconstudios wrote:
       | >With sufficiently good tweezers and a lot of patience you could
       | reassemble a human being into a bicycle of comparable mass; and
       | vice versa.
       | 
       | Considering that there is no material distinction between a
       | living person and a dead body, I would say that this view is
       | perhaps overly reductive. The matter of the body is essential,
       | but not sufficient; life is fundamentally a process driven by
       | autopoietic processes, which you would need to initiate in order
       | to have anything meaningful.
       | 
       | Being is uninteresting without becoming, state without change is
       | just dead.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 52-6F-62 wrote:
         | I enjoyed reading your other comments maybe out of implicit
         | bias, and this is tangential maybe, but just the same I'm
         | curious about what you make of Nima Arkani-Hamed's recent work
         | --namely amplituhedrons--in this larger context.
        
           | beaconstudios wrote:
           | it's way beyond me; my grasp of quantum mechanics is at a
           | slightly-beyond-pop level. My road into the systems memeplex
           | was from trying to understand my own intuitions about
           | software engineering and wicked problems in the social space.
           | From there it's been mostly philosophy with a little bit of
           | maths.
        
         | goldenkey wrote:
         | > Considering that there is no material distinction between a
         | living person and a dead body
         | 
         | When someone dies, information is lost. With cell death comes
         | loss of structure. Unless we can use their existing DNA to
         | repair the damage, the person will remain dead. And even if
         | revived, their brain's memories might still have been severely
         | compromised. Especially if, like what you hint at, the process
         | of electricity flowing in the brain is the actual memory
         | itself, an ongoing process. It's certainly possible that if the
         | process is halted, the memory is lost. Just like DRAM.
         | 
         | At the moment it's pretty much a mystery. But I agree, OP
         | assumes a lot about structure over process. Zen says everything
         | is a function, not an object. And by nesting functions, we get
         | everything...
         | 
         | Memory and consciousness really have no reason to be entirely
         | structural. A lot of things actually don't. Our old computer
         | memory technology was actually just delay line memory. Perhaps
         | our brain works in a similar way to some extent.
         | 
         | The universe itself, in most respects, is made out of stable
         | processes that we abstract as objects. An atom is really just a
         | process of energy flowing in a specific way through space over
         | time, repetitively. Upset the process and you get a nuclear
         | explosion which most of us would consider an event or
         | process...not an object. So was the energy of the atom ever
         | really an object in the first place? No, it was like a candle
         | flame. Constantly kindling itself, of different oxygen and fuel
         | from moment to moment. Yet we gave it a name and an identity.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay_line_memory
        
           | beaconstudios wrote:
           | Yes I totally agree. My perspective comes from a mix of zen
           | and systems/cybernetics; matter and other temporarily stable
           | configurations like life are stable attractors in the state
           | of energy flow. So the fundamental essence of reality is
           | energy, rather than matter. The difference been transient
           | energy like "events" and static-appearing things like matter
           | is that the latter is constantly maintaining itself in a
           | feedback loop.
           | 
           | Believing it to be matter is a mistake, and one that leads
           | you to misleading metaphysical beliefs like the idea in the
           | article above, or that all qualities can be reduced to
           | quantities, or all things can be understood by looking at the
           | pieces that it is made of.
           | 
           | It's strange to me that materialism is still such a popular
           | belief amongst people who consider themselves rational,
           | because even the origin point of that belief (the atomistic
           | view of physics) fell apart at the hands of quantum
           | mechanics.
        
             | feanaro wrote:
             | Many people professing to be materialists are actually
             | physicalists. The claim is not that everything that matters
             | is matter. Rather it's that everything that matters is
             | physical state.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | If you (not you personally, the general 'you') still
               | believe that reductionism can explain all phenomena then
               | even if you claim to be a physicalist, you are still
               | stuck in materialist patterns of thinking.
        
             | Koshkin wrote:
             | > _belief (the atomistic view of physics) fell apart_
             | 
             | What is this, then?
             | 
             | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/see-the-
             | highest-r...
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | it's not that atoms don't exist, it's that atoms are the
               | smallest part of reality - that they are _indivisible_.
               | That 's what atomism is.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomism
        
               | Koshkin wrote:
               | Actually, atoms may well be the smallest parts of reality
               | that we can ever "see." Structureless particles such as
               | electrons are "points" which, due to their infinitely
               | small size, makes them impossible to see even in
               | principle. (Incidentally, this is exactly makes them true
               | "atoms," i.e. indivisible, and they are always created
               | and destroyed as a whole.)
        
             | danparsonson wrote:
             | > It's strange to me that materialism is still such a
             | popular belief amongst people who consider themselves
             | rational, because even the origin point of that belief (the
             | atomistic view of physics) fell apart at the hands of
             | quantum mechanics.
             | 
             | Why does QM contradict materialism? I understood
             | materialism to be the opposite of spiritual beliefs rather
             | than being about strictly Newtonian physics (although I
             | guess that's how it started). Quantum mechanics describes
             | the behaviour of matter and therefore is surely central to
             | a materialist world view? What would be the correct word to
             | describe the view that consciousness is the result of
             | physical processes? I thought that was materialism.
             | 
             | > So the fundamental essence of reality is energy, rather
             | than matter.
             | 
             | They're basically the same thing though, yes? E=mc^2 and
             | all that?
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | You're thinking of physicalism, of which materialism is a
               | sub-category. Physicalism is the assertion that there are
               | no supernatural phenomena (which I agree with);
               | materialism suggests that the essence that everything is
               | built out of is matter. I think most people would agree
               | that materialism is outdated (given that atomism has been
               | outdated for >100 years), but many of the implications of
               | materialism (that the whole can be explained by the
               | parts, ie reductionism, and the idea that all important
               | properties can be quantified, as two examples) still
               | persist.
               | 
               | The (superior) alternative to materialism is emergentism.
               | Materialism and emergentism both imply other ideas and
               | ways of thinking about the world, which are the actual
               | important things.
        
               | nahuel0x wrote:
               | I think there was a big intuitive glimpse of this in
               | dialectical materialism (but not on the stalinist
               | "diamat" flavor). "Levels" of reality emerge were each
               | one has his own emergent "laws", there are intertwined
               | mutual influence between "levels", phase transitions are
               | emphasized, relationships are more important than
               | objects, objects are always "contradictory" (always
               | divisible and in flux) and really relationships in
               | disguise, all "categories" we made in our mind as always
               | transitional and imperfect, etc.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | Hegel is considered to be in the intellectual heritage of
               | systems theory, AFAIK.
        
               | nahuel0x wrote:
               | I think systems theory can be directly traced to
               | Bogdanov's "tektology", and he surely was aware of Hegel
               | works.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | danparsonson wrote:
               | Ah OK. I think you're splitting hairs a little bit there
               | - I would consider those two terms (materialism and
               | physicalism) to be interchangeable; the basic idea is the
               | same but one is a refinement of the other using modern
               | knowledge. You could say physicalism is materialism v2
               | :-)
               | 
               | As for emergentism... that's materialism v3, so (in my
               | head at least) these are all different ways of saying the
               | same thing.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | yeah that's fair - the problem in my mind isn't that
               | people are using the wrong word (who cares!), but that
               | even though we know that matter isn't the essence of
               | reality now, we still have many other beliefs that are
               | dependent on that belief, that we haven't moved on from.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | I don't follow.
               | 
               | > _many of the implications of materialism (...)
               | reductionism_
               | 
               | Is reductionism considered a consequence of materialism?
               | To me, the two seem independent. Reductionism works just
               | as well for abstract concepts as it does for physical
               | matter.
               | 
               | > _the idea that all important properties can be
               | quantified_
               | 
               | I'm not sure how this follows from materialism either. We
               | quantify many things that have nothing to do with
               | physical matter.
               | 
               | I also get the feeling that you consider these two
               | "implications of materialism" to be outdated - I disagree
               | with that view. For instance, I can't think of an example
               | of a property or phenomena that is best left not
               | quantified - there are plenty of important things in life
               | that we can't quantify _yet_ , because we lack the
               | measurement tools or conceptual framework for it, but
               | quantifying these is obviously doable in principle, and
               | desirable.
        
               | danparsonson wrote:
               | Regarding quantifying everything - at a quantum
               | mechanical level, all is not totally quantifiable, and
               | that's fundamental. See
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle. I
               | assume this is what the parent was referring to.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | That is part of it, yes.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | > Is reductionism considered a consequence of
               | materialism?
               | 
               | It is; fundamentally the theory is that the world is made
               | up of lego bricks, so we can examine the world by looking
               | at the pieces. This is a useful tool, but it doesn't
               | actually work in all cases. For example, the areas of
               | science where this does work are considered "hard
               | sciences", and the areas that it doesn't are considered
               | "soft sciences".
               | 
               | Reductionism isn't outdated in the sense that it is
               | useless; it's outdated in the sense that it cannot be
               | used to understand all phenomena, especially emergent
               | phenomena. Systems science is and has been creating new
               | tools that can be applied to understand emergent
               | phenomena.
               | 
               | I don't want to get too navel-gazy with this, but there
               | are many things that defy quantification, or our efforts
               | at quantification are and can only ever be procrustean in
               | nature. That doesn't mean that they cannot be modelled,
               | but that the modelling must be process-oriented rather
               | than state-oriented. For example, if you are modelling
               | the behaviour of a thermometer at the level of its
               | components, you can model the causal relationships
               | between heater and sensor as a self-correcting feedback
               | loop - this is a qualitative model. Only at the level of
               | the total behaviour can you model the ambient temperature
               | and desired temperature quantitatively.
               | 
               | Am I making sense here? I'm still working my way through
               | the textbooks for some of these concepts so sometimes I
               | find it difficult to put into words.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | My core objection is, the way I see it, reductionism
               | doesn't stop working for soft sciences in any fundamental
               | way. There's no fundamental irreducibility of a
               | phenomenon (uncertainty principle notwithstanding, soft
               | sciences aren't anywhere near worrying about that); the
               | limit is our computational capacity - of our brains, of
               | our computers, of our scientific discourse. We just can't
               | keep so many pieces in our heads simultaneously, so we
               | don't bother, and create higher-level abstractions to
               | make things easier on ourselves.
               | 
               | That's how I view emergence too: there's no new behavior
               | suddenly appearing when your system is complex enough,
               | behavior that couldn't be predicted from looking at the
               | pieces - it's just _too much work_ to deal with pieces
               | directly. The discontinuity we see doesn 't exists in the
               | real world - it's caused by the rungs of our ladder of
               | abstraction.
               | 
               | As an example of the rungs on the ladder: we study gases
               | on a molecular level, modelling them as bouncy balls. We
               | also study gases at a higher level, modelling them as
               | fluids. We go further still, viewing them as a bunch of
               | parameters (pressure, volume, temperature). Three
               | different perspectives, three separate set of behaviors -
               | yet there's no actual discontinuity in the real world,
               | and a lot of interesting phenomena can be observed when
               | we try to create a smooth transition between the models;
               | that is, we look in between the rungs.
               | 
               | > _For example, if you are modelling the behaviour of a
               | thermometer at the level of its components, you can model
               | the causal relationships between heater and sensor as a
               | self-correcting feedback loop - this is a qualitative
               | model. Only at the level of the total behaviour can you
               | model the ambient temperature and desired temperature
               | quantitatively._
               | 
               | The way I see it, casual models have only a coarse
               | relationship with the real world. A self-correcting
               | feedback loop can be analyzed in terms of its conceptual
               | components, which are mathematical in nature - but you
               | won't get from here to predicting the behavior of a real-
               | world thermostat until you start plugging in physical
               | models. How much complexity you'll have to deal with
               | depends on the physical model you plug in. There's lots
               | of space for reduction and quantification here, depending
               | on the answers you seek. For example, the concept of
               | "ambient temperature" is a very high-level abstraction in
               | itself - if you're willing to break it apart, suddenly a
               | lot more things across the model become more directly
               | related to the real world, and easier to quantify.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | The point I'm trying to express here is, in my view,
               | there are three types of limits to reductionism and
               | quantification:
               | 
               | - The Uncertainty Principle - the fundamental limit,
               | around which you can't quantify some things.
               | IANAPhysicist, but my feeling is, it's not a principled
               | limit to quantification - it only reveals that we're
               | trying to quantify measures that are ill-defined.
               | 
               | - Fundamental limits to computation - I'm thinking of the
               | Halting Problem, Godel's Incompleteness Theorems. We
               | can't create quantitative metrics and build reductive
               | models in ways that are uncomputable.
               | 
               | - Practical limits, aka. too hard to bother - this is
               | what I believe is 99% of common arguments against
               | reductionism and examples of emergence. We look at
               | systems as a whole, because looking at pieces is too much
               | work. But whether it's too much for our working memory,
               | or too much for all computing power of our civilization -
               | it's still not a _fundamental_ , philosophical limit, and
               | therefore not a philosophical argument against
               | reductionism.
               | 
               | On that last point, if one can prove that a higher-
               | granularity model would require more compute than the
               | universe could provide over its lifetime, then I'll give
               | it a solid shmaybe as a fundamental limit.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Addendum on systems science.
               | 
               | I have an interest in systems science, which I pursue to
               | the extent my free time allows. I've studied the basics,
               | done some toy modelling, and one thing I've learned so
               | far is: the most insightful part of modelling a system is
               | _plugging numbers into it_.
               | 
               | For example, see:
               | https://insightmaker.com/insight/206860/Musings-on-a-HN-
               | comm.... It was my attempt to push numbers through a
               | system model I first described on HN. The working,
               | executable model is on the left, for the conceptual one
               | and original HN comment, scroll to the right. Extra
               | commentary:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26137264.
               | 
               | I now no longer trust models that aren't executable -
               | it's too easy to create something that looks fine in the
               | abstract, but is completely wrong. Making it run on real
               | - quantified - data is the fastest way to discover the
               | depths of one's ignorance, like I did in the example
               | linked above.
               | 
               | (Well, to be honest, 80% of my ignorance was revealed by
               | defining _units of measurement_ for each sink and flow -
               | so if you want a quick way to debullshit a systems model,
               | I suggest starting with that.)
        
               | jchanimal wrote:
               | There is logically a position between determinism and
               | dualism. See
               | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anomalous-monism/
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | > That's how I view emergence too: there's no new
               | behavior suddenly appearing when your system is complex
               | enough, behavior that couldn't be predicted from looking
               | at the pieces - it's just too much work to deal with
               | pieces directly. The discontinuity we see doesn't exists
               | in the real world - it's caused by the rungs of our
               | ladder of abstraction.
               | 
               | Reductionism relies on dissecting the whole and viewing
               | the parts individually. The fundamental distinction
               | between something that can be reduced (let's call it a
               | collection) and something that cannot (a system), is that
               | when you dissect a system, a fundamental aspect of the
               | system is lost. That isn't to say that said aspect has
               | materialised of its own accord, but that it originates
               | with the relationships between the parts. There is no
               | seat of "car-ness" in a car, and if you were to try to
               | understand a car by looking at the individual parts, you
               | would not be able to unless you could intuit how those
               | parts interact. The difference between an engineered
               | system and a natural system is that in engineering we
               | intentionally attempt to minimise the number of
               | interrelations so that the object can be understood
               | easily from an analytical perspective. In natural
               | systems, the levels of interconnection are much greater;
               | we cannot understand a society by examining each
               | individual in isolation, we have to move up the ladder of
               | abstraction to a level where coherent patterns can be
               | identified. We have to look at the whole.
               | 
               | The thing that reductionism misses out on is non-linear
               | causality. Feedback loops, inherently based in
               | relationships between parts and not the parts themselves,
               | give rise to higher-order behaviour, which brings us the
               | concept of levels of abstraction. The classic idea of
               | reductionism is that if we create the lowest-level model
               | (at this point that would be quantum mechanics, but it
               | could certainly go lower in future), then we can derive
               | all the higher-order models from that. This may be
               | theoretically possible (purely in the philosophical
               | sense), but it's just not practically useful. The
               | position of reductionism is that this is the only (or
               | perhaps primary) valid way in which models can be
               | constructed.
               | 
               | > The way I see it, casual models are almost completely
               | abstract - they have only a coarse relationship with the
               | real world. A self-correcting feedback loop can be
               | analyzed in terms of its conceptual components, which are
               | mathematical in nature - but you won't get from here to
               | predicting the behavior of a real-world thermostat until
               | you start plugging in physical models.
               | 
               | This is true of all models - "all models are wrong, but
               | some are useful", "the map is not the territory", etc.
               | Modelling reality inherently involves reducing it to the
               | parts we're interested in, because a model of reality in
               | its entirety would be the same size as reality itself,
               | and thus unrepresentable (even if we could capture the
               | total state of reality). A basic equation for Newtonian
               | motion excludes things like drag, the variability of
               | gravity, turbulence and so on. The closer we need to get
               | to matching reality, the more factors we need to include
               | until the model transitions from mathematical to a
               | simulation, by sheer necessity. The amount of detail we
               | include depends on what we're trying to do; models are
               | purposive tools rather than descriptions of reality.
               | 
               | I think the name of reductionism does not help when
               | discussing it; to reject reductionism is not to reject
               | modelling, because we cannot operate in the world without
               | models.
               | 
               | I agree that the argument is a philosophical one. The
               | reductionist perspective is one of objectivism; science
               | measures reality, and thus lower-order models are more
               | high-resolution and we can abstract away from a very-
               | high-resolution map of reality by focusing on the details
               | we care about. The emergentist perspective is
               | constructivist; it states that our models are tools that
               | we create in order to interact with our environment but
               | they are not reality itself, and thus you should use the
               | model that is most useful for interacting with the
               | environment based on its predictive capability.
               | 
               | [edit in response to your addendum]
               | 
               | I totally agree that executable models (in essence,
               | simulations) are 1000x better in basically every way than
               | static models. I'm trying to work in this space myself in
               | order to bring these ideas into software development. But
               | I believe that plugging in the numbers is useful
               | precisely because it highlights the qualitative aspects
               | of the model; how different variables are causally
               | related. The temporal (heh) aspect of the simulation
               | highlights how the variables are bound, but the specific
               | values whether they be 1000 or 10,000 units are not the
               | thing you're learning, unless those values happen to be a
               | divergence point in the model.
        
               | namero999 wrote:
               | Although emergentism doesn't solve the hard problem.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | The hard problem of consciousness?
        
             | namero999 wrote:
             | > It's strange to me that materialism is still such a
             | popular belief amongst people who consider themselves
             | rational, because even the origin point of that belief (the
             | atomistic view of physics) fell apart at the hands of
             | quantum mechanics.
             | 
             | Well put. This boggles my mind too. It also seems to me
             | that it should be evident that ultimately, either we rely
             | on infinite regression (essentially explaining nothing) or
             | at a certain point we pick an ontological primitive that we
             | don't explain. And that our choice should be informed by
             | how much of the known world can be explained in terms of
             | such a primitive. I can't fathom what would lead anyone to
             | choose matter for that purpose, and at the same time it
             | seems like the mainstream, unquestioned choice.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | we don't even have the option of infinite regression
               | because we cannot know the total state at a quantum
               | level, both because of uncertainty and because quantum
               | mechanics violate locality.
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | Firstly you're drawing an unwarranted distinction between
             | physicalism and materialism. There is no consensus that
             | there is a distinction, many philosophers consider them
             | interchangeable, and there are competing accounts of
             | possible distinctions.
             | 
             | Materialism is not a theory of physics, it's a theory of
             | the relationship between physics and various philosophical
             | questions. Asserting that it's somehow incompatible with
             | quantum mechanics is completely unwarranted. Bear in mind
             | the term Physicalism wasn't even introduced into philosophy
             | until the 1930s, long after quantum mechanics had become
             | firmly established, and nobody with any credibility in
             | philosophy was seriously suggesting then that quantum
             | mechanics disproved materialism.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | > Firstly you're drawing an unwarranted distinction
               | between physicalism and materialism.
               | 
               | Let's not argue the definition of words then. The
               | distinction I'm drawing is whether said philosophy
               | believes that higher-order models of reality at any given
               | level can be derived from understanding the smallest
               | parts. The "yes" side, I'm calling materialism, but you
               | could also call reductivism or perhaps objectivism. The
               | "no" side, I'll call emergentism or constructivism.
               | Neither side implies a supernatural aspect to reality.
               | 
               | > Materialism is not a theory of physics, it's a theory
               | of the relationship between physics and various
               | philosophical questions. Asserting that it's somehow
               | incompatible with quantum mechanics is just silly.
               | 
               | Only if you're relying on the equivalence of materialism
               | and physicalism. Quantum mechanics violated many ideas
               | considered to be ground truth at the time, including
               | locality and deterministic certainty. I'm far from an
               | expert in this area, but my understanding is that the
               | thing I'm calling materialism is dependent on the idea of
               | the universe as a lego-style composition, and that
               | quantum mechanics violate this concept. But this view is
               | also espoused by Fritjof Capra, a particle physicist.
               | Perhaps somebody should tell him that it's silly!
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | All that quantum mechanics does is substitute wave
               | functions instead of 'atomic' particles. A future theory
               | might substitute something else, strings, branes,
               | whatever. It doesn't matter, from a philosophical point
               | of view it's just physics. It has no bearing on the
               | relationship between physicalism or materialism and other
               | competing philosophical theories. This is the sort of
               | thing Deepak Chopra gets so badly wrong with his vague
               | mumbo jumbo.
               | 
               | Hmm, I just looked up Capra. Obviously I've not read his
               | book, but it looks like he talks a lot about 'the
               | relatedness of all parts', well that's just kind of
               | obvious. I note you talk about emergent phenomena. Sure
               | of course, that's all physicalists and materialists are
               | saying. It's not like we've never thought of this stuff
               | before. That's not something that disproves what were
               | saying, or something that we've not considered. It's the
               | whole point.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | You seem hung up on some other argument that I'm not
               | making, perhaps related to spirituality or quack
               | medicine. My argument is about epistemology and ontology,
               | within the scope of physicalism. It's a real and ongoing
               | debate within the philosophy of science.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | Just casting around ad hominems and absurd comparisons
               | doesn't make you right.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Rich, coming from someone who makes snide remarks about
               | materialists who "consider themselves rational".
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | That wasn't meant to be snide, but there's clearly a bee
               | in your bonnet so there's no point continuing this
               | discussion.
        
             | goldenkey wrote:
             | > It's strange to me that materialism is still such a
             | popular belief amongst people who consider themselves
             | rational, because even the origin point of that belief (the
             | atomistic view of physics) fell apart at the hands of
             | quantum mechanics.
             | 
             | Indeed. Even the stationary solutions to Schrodinger's
             | equation, which correspond to unchanging states, involve
             | constantly revolving real and complex parts that balance
             | eachother out to keep the amplitude squared at a constant.
             | 
             | The idea of an object and a lego universe is really the
             | west's biggest folly. I recommend this movie to anyone
             | looking to shake up their perspective:
             | http://www.digitalphysicsmovie.com/
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary_state
        
             | nynx wrote:
             | It's been shown that memory/personality/self is stable with
             | no brain activity [0]. Perhaps consciousness is a transient
             | process, but memory is not and consciousness can be
             | restarted from stable memory.
             | 
             | [0]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_hypothermic_circu
             | latory...
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | I didn't claim that memory specifically is immaterial,
               | but that the material is not the "fundamental thing" of
               | monistic metaphysics.
               | 
               | Consciousness certainly isn't a transient process, as it
               | is stable over time (until it isn't). It seems most
               | reasonable to say that it's a self-sustaining process
               | (autopoietic or self-referential) emerging from the body.
        
               | nynx wrote:
               | Given that we know of nothing that isn't material, I'm
               | unsure of why it's reasonable to think material is not
               | the fundamental thing of consciousness.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | I'm not suggesting anything supernatural, but that energy
               | is prime and that matter is a construction of energy.
        
               | danparsonson wrote:
               | That's not a surprising or controversial statement though
               | - physics for the last hundred years (since Einstein) has
               | increasingly moved towards accepting that matter and
               | energy are for all intents and purposes the same thing. I
               | don't think that changes the tenets of materialism, just
               | refines them.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | The term you're looking for is physicalism, of which
               | materialism is one belief, the other being emergentism,
               | which its replacement.
               | 
               | There are a number of beliefs that rest upon the bedrock
               | of materialism that persist today despite materialism
               | being outdated. The prime example is reductionism, the
               | idea that anything can be understood by looking at its
               | parts - this is not true, and while this idea is as
               | outdated as the materialist view, it unfortunately
               | persists. Many other ideals like quantification rest on
               | reductionism and are also becoming outmoded in academia
               | but not in the public perception of what are considered
               | rational ideas.
        
               | namero999 wrote:
               | What is that knows that which is material?
        
               | goldenkey wrote:
               | > A key principle of DHCA is total inactivation of the
               | brain by cooling, as verified by "flatline" isoelectric
               | EEG, also called electrocerebral silence (ECS). Instead
               | of a continuous decrease in activity as the brain is
               | cooled, electrical activity decreases in discontinuous
               | steps. In the human brain, a type of reduced activity
               | called burst suppression occurs at a mean temperature of
               | 24 degC, and electrocerebral silence occurs at a mean
               | temperature of 18 degC.[32] The achievement of measured
               | electrocerebral silence has been called "a safe and
               | reliable guide" for determining cooling required for
               | individual patients,[33] and verification of
               | electrocerebral silence is required prior to stopping
               | blood circulation to begin a DHCA procedure.[34]
               | 
               | Thank you for the link. Is "measured electrocerebral
               | silence" a measure of zero electrical current in the
               | brain? Or just close to it?
        
               | nynx wrote:
               | > Electrocerebral inactivity (ECI), or electrocerebral
               | silence (ECS), is defined as no cerebral activity over 2
               | uV using a montage that uses electrode pairs at least 10
               | cm apart with interelectrode impedances < 10,000 ohms and
               | >100 ohms.
               | https://www.medscape.com/answers/1140075-177597/how-is-
               | elect...
        
               | goldenkey wrote:
               | Very interesting, this changes my understanding quite a
               | bit. Do you know if these patients had any short term
               | memory effects? If not, this would imply that the brain
               | is JITing structure almost immediately from events...
               | that's mindblowing.
        
       | dnautics wrote:
       | > What I'm talking about is a much more active imaginative
       | stance, the kind of stance taken by people like Bret Victor or
       | Satoshi or Picasso
       | 
       | Is this entire essay basically just a physicist describing
       | chemistry without understanding that chemistry is already there
       | and has been for hundreds of years?
        
         | Koshkin wrote:
         | I think the point of this article is (to start with chemistry
         | and then) to go far beyond.
        
           | dnautics wrote:
           | it doesn't sound like the author really has a concept of how
           | 'far beyond' chemists go as a matter of course. The study,
           | classification, exploration and exploitation of emergent
           | phenomena is built into the way chemists do things.
        
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