[HN Gopher] Rainbow Color Map Still Considered Harmful (2007) [pdf]
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       Rainbow Color Map Still Considered Harmful (2007) [pdf]
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 38 points
       Date   : 2021-06-28 07:14 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (raw.githubusercontent.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (raw.githubusercontent.com)
        
       | joannajohn wrote:
       | Fine
        
       | chrismorgan wrote:
       | The integrity of the argument may be harmed somewhat by the use
       | of an inferior gradient blending technique. Eyeballing Figure 3,
       | the gradient interpolation is linear, which is a common but bad
       | technique. https://larsenwork.com/easing-gradients/ shows some
       | nice examples of the problems and the proper easing technique.
       | Moreover, looking at the green-red gradient especially, I think
       | the interpolation may have been done in sRGB space, which is
       | awful for these sorts of things (on the other hand, they do call
       | it _isoluminant green-red_ , so I may be missing the mark in my
       | sRGB guess--it's hard to be sure by just eyeballing). On the
       | matter of such colour spaces,
       | https://raphlinus.github.io/color/2021/01/18/oklab-critique....
       | has the best tool for demonstration and comparison that I know
       | of.
       | 
       | The techniques employed harm the rainbow gradients significantly,
       | making them _far_ less smooth than they would be with better
       | interpolation, even with the same colour stops. On that point,
       | the first row of that diagram feels more like a straw man than an
       | honest comparison--it shows massive and uneven colour bands which
       | I don't _think_ is entirely artefacts of the gradient
       | interpolation.
       | 
       | I will admit that users of rainbow colour maps are more likely to
       | interpolate poorly and not space colours evenly, but still, I
       | wish the article had done as good a job as possible on the
       | rainbow colour map, to show that even then it's still
       | problematic.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | echelon wrote:
       | Viridis is my favorite and solves so many problems.
       | 
       | Magma/plasma/inferno are nice too.
       | 
       | https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/viridis/vignettes/in...
       | 
       | Here's plenty of other people advocating for viridis as well:
       | 
       | https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/223315/why-use-col...
       | 
       | https://medvis.org/2016/02/23/better-than-the-rainbow-the-ma...
       | 
       | Use viridis.
        
         | an1sotropy wrote:
         | but you know that this simplistic "use viridis" advice is about
         | as sound as saying "use eslint" or "use python" or "use double
         | precision [floating point]". All of these things may be helpful
         | advice in many circumstances, when the audience doesn't know
         | any better.
         | 
         | But, all of it lives within a one-size-fits-all mentality that
         | more experienced users will be annoyed with (who made you the
         | expert to know that viridis was best for my problem?).
         | 
         | And, it decreases the chances that new users will appreciate
         | that this is a domain (whether it be how to code with JS, or
         | what language to pick, or how to do numeric computations) in
         | which the path you take depends on the where you want to go,
         | and there are lots of places to go. Colormap choice depends on
         | the questions you want the visualization to help answer about
         | your data.
         | 
         | So, implied by "use viridis", or any ther one-size-fits-all
         | advice, is either "you are simple", "your needs are simple", or
         | "this domain is simple", which implies a lot more hubris than
         | was probably intended.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | Viridis is strictly better for human perception, and I cited
           | a lot of arguments and evidence for this.
           | 
           | I guess I don't understand your take here.
        
       | sega_sai wrote:
       | I certainly understand some arguments against rainbow, but in the
       | same time the new default colour map in matplotlib (viridis) is
       | (IMO) worse for many applications. It doesn't give enough
       | contrast/doesn't define contour-lines so well as rainbow. It'
       | true that I could probably find some other colour map, but I
       | still often switch to jet.
        
         | NavinF wrote:
         | Turbo has all the contrast, but none of the false contours of
         | Jet: https://ai.googleblog.com/2019/08/turbo-improved-rainbow-
         | col...
        
           | bluenose69 wrote:
           | I suggest turbo to lots of people who love jet and they find
           | it a useful replacement for those cases where the
           | distinctness of colours is helpful, e.g. noisy fields for
           | which contours are too much of a mess to understand.
           | 
           | As others have said, the choice of colour scheme depends on
           | the application. And it can even make sense to use a
           | distinctly suboptimal scheme, if the goal is to produce
           | graphs that can be compared easily with existing works. For
           | example, annual reports of datasets are a lot easier to
           | compare if the changes to the colour scheme are avoided.
        
         | beojan wrote:
         | Part of the point of viridis is to not have random contours
         | that stick out because of the colour map.
         | 
         | If you want to highlight certain contours, plot the contour
         | lines.
        
       | aurelwu wrote:
       | it's rather strange they suggest red-green as an alternative
       | given that this combination is affected by the most common form
       | of color-weakness/blindness.
        
       | an1sotropy wrote:
       | In the tradition of "considered harmful" papers, I think this is
       | one of the less convincing. Or rather, it doesn't meaningfully
       | answer the question: if the rainbow colormap is so awful, why is
       | it still so common? Is it really "due to inertia", as the authors
       | suggest? Or is there some other virtue?
       | 
       | How about: I want to maximize the number of distinctions between
       | values that are possible via comparisons of colors. Something
       | that takes a long path through colorspace is best for this. Short
       | simple paths do better enable making ordinal judgements between
       | values (which the authors care a lot about), but they're not as
       | good for maximizing distinctions.
       | 
       | Were data vis a more conceptually mature discipline, we wouldn't
       | rely on this kind of simple prescriptive guidance.
        
         | vlmutolo wrote:
         | The problem is that people will naturally interpret colors on
         | certain scales whether that was intended by the authors or not.
         | The goal of visualization is to make the natural reaction the
         | correct one.
         | 
         | https://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2014/10/16/how-bad-is-your-co...
         | 
         | The link above goes over some interesting plots that have very
         | misleading color gradients.
        
           | an1sotropy wrote:
           | The implicit assumption there is that all data visualizations
           | should be fast or "natural" to comprehend. Some people think
           | that all user interfaces should be simple and easy for
           | novices. Those people are not airplane pilots, or train
           | engineers, or art historians for that matter.
           | 
           | Not all visual things are simple, and not all simple visual
           | things are effective for their intended purpose.
           | 
           | If non-monotonic luminance variations are an acceptable cost
           | for a colormap that otherwise offers superior
           | discriminability, than that's a colormap that someone may
           | have a good reason to choose.
        
         | touisteur wrote:
         | I always thought that it was a quick metaphor for heat(red,
         | white) and cold (blue, black). I have a hard time relating
         | other colormaps in the same way.
         | 
         | Maybe the difference is not 'conceptual' but some atavic or
         | cultural reaction?
        
         | timy2shoes wrote:
         | > if the rainbow colormap is so awful, why is it still so
         | common?
         | 
         | Because it's the default for a lot of matplotlib
         | visualizations. Per Goethe: "Misunderstandings and lethargy
         | perhaps produce more wrong in the world than deceit and malice
         | do."
        
       | hprotagonist wrote:
       | https://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2014/10/16/how-bad-is-your-co...
       | 
       | a decade or so later, people are still using jet and it still
       | sucks!
        
       | ridaj wrote:
       | See also https://ai.googleblog.com/2019/08/turbo-improved-
       | rainbow-col...
        
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