[HN Gopher] Amazon is using algorithms with little human interve...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Amazon is using algorithms with little human intervention to fire
       Flex workers
        
       Author : carride
       Score  : 147 points
       Date   : 2021-06-28 17:06 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | FredPret wrote:
       | How very on-brand
        
       | robotnikman wrote:
       | Robots are not taking our jobs, they are becoming our bosses
        
         | metalliqaz wrote:
         | being the boss is a job
        
       | mcguire wrote:
       | " _The photos appear to be verified by image recognition
       | algorithms. People who have lost weight or shaved their beards or
       | gotten a haircut have run into problems, as have drivers
       | attempting to start a shift at night, when low lighting can
       | result in a poor-quality selfie._ "
       | 
       | Image recognition works great, as long as you have enough
       | reserves that its failures don't hurt you.
        
         | malcolmgreaves wrote:
         | Face recognition is different from face identification, which
         | is what Amazon is attempting (and failing rather spectacularly)
         | here. Extrapolating from one image is a doomed prospect.
         | Ultimately, this is an example of extreme technical
         | incompetence on Amazon"s part.
        
       | TurkishPoptart wrote:
       | I was fired by an algorithm in early 2019 when working for Amazon
       | Flex. Basically, on the app, "blocks" would appear, which would
       | be a set $ amount for approximate X number of deliveries to X
       | location. Then you would drive to a "fulfillment" center to pick
       | up your boxes. You had to be quick to grab a block before someone
       | else did. Occasionally I would drop a block and grab a higher-
       | yielding one. It wasn't clear to me that this was frowned upon by
       | the app. After a few weeks of this work, I was "deactivated"
       | without any warning. I called their customer "service" line and
       | was told that I was deactivated in their system and there was no
       | recourse for me. That really sucked.
        
         | kobalsky wrote:
         | The gig economy industry has managed to steal back decades
         | worth of workers rights, and the worst thing is that this will
         | take decades to undo.
         | 
         | Almost everyone has been groomed to defend these corporate
         | behemots' rights to stomp on our lives like if they were
         | defending the right of a small mom and pop shop to kick out a
         | rowdy drunkard.
         | 
         | When a company has a bigger revenue than most contries' gdp
         | they shouldn't play by the same rules, they need to be held to
         | a different set of standards.
        
         | zouhair wrote:
         | This reads like from some dystopian sci-fi book.
        
           | the_lonely_road wrote:
           | It's better to ask for forgiveness than it is to ask for
           | permission.
           | 
           | But what happens when there is no one to ask for forgiveness
           | from?
        
           | pasquinelli wrote:
           | to me it sounds idiotic. i guess if you consider idiocracy a
           | dystopia. "the computer did the auto-layoff thing and now we
           | don't have any money!"
        
             | thatguy0900 wrote:
             | Amazon has plenty of money though? Their bet is that no
             | matter how badly they treat their workers, there will be
             | more. They seem to be right. Worse case they have to start
             | treating them well now and still saved all that money in
             | the past. Hardly idiocracy.
        
               | pasquinelli wrote:
               | oh, i just realized that maybe you don't know i'm
               | referring to the movie "idiocracy".
        
               | thatguy0900 wrote:
               | Oh, I knew the reference,I just had you confused.I
               | thought you meant Amazon was the idiot running out of
               | money in this situation, but I think now you meant the
               | workers working for them are? That makes more sense.
        
               | akudha wrote:
               | _The only question was how much poo we wanted there to
               | be._
               | 
               | Though gross, That one sentence should tell us their
               | entire line of thinking.
               | 
               | Absolutely nothing will happen to them and they know it.
               | Mistreat one guy, there are 10 others to take his place.
               | There is zero incentive to treat people well.
               | 
               | Unionizing would help, but that doesn't seem to be
               | happening either
        
               | pasquinelli wrote:
               | brawno made a lot of money too
        
           | fumar wrote:
           | Don't you ever think - "what would the world be like if the
           | bad guys won?" Who said they didn't? It is all in the eye of
           | the beholder. If we apply some ethics like the golden rule to
           | modern existence, then you spend your time debating where to
           | apply it because it's near impossible.
        
             | excalibur wrote:
             | Yet still preferable to the alternative
        
               | SQueeeeeL wrote:
               | I guess we could literally be shot as soon as you leave
               | the womb, so I guess you're right
        
           | kache_ wrote:
           | You're in one
        
       | tryingtogetback wrote:
       | Fascinating tech. imagine if human element is removed from
       | critical decision making, meaning bias is drastically reduced (if
       | not completely eliminated in this case). All decisions are
       | strictly based on your output which eliminates corruption,
       | nepotism, and unfairness. Isn't this system better that what we
       | have now (flawed and unpredictable humans driving critical
       | decisions)?
       | 
       | Yes, they highlight transparency issues which is the problem.
       | When using a tech like this objectives must be clear, workers
       | should know the system and know the expectations and productivity
       | criteria
        
         | TheGigaChad wrote:
         | Were you dropped on your head as a baby?
        
         | CPLX wrote:
         | There's a difference between unpredictable and unbiased that
         | you seem to be skipping past here.
        
         | aikah wrote:
         | > Fascinating tech. imagine if human element is removed from
         | critical decision making, meaning bias is drastically reduced
         | (if not completely eliminated in this case)
         | 
         | The algorithm could be biased at first place.
         | if(employee.isnt_somehow_white()){
         | employement_service_provider.fire_quicker(employee)}         if
         | (employee.is_pregnant()){employement_service_provider.fire_the_
         | quickest(employee))
         | 
         | I'm being hyperbolic but you get the gist. Somebody wrote that
         | program.
        
           | tryingtogetback wrote:
           | algorithm could not be based on that. what you described is
           | highly personal and doesn't make sense when optimizing for
           | profits. When optimizing for profits all that matters is
           | value created/delivered (or loss reduced, risks averted).
           | 
           | One can speculate about possible (and/or highly personal)
           | correlations while not realizing that the outcome is
           | completely fair.
        
             | aikah wrote:
             | > algorithm could not be based on that. what you described
             | is highly personal and doesn't make sense when optimizing
             | for profits.
             | 
             | That's irrelevant. My point is that no bias is eliminated
             | at first place, since the algorithm is still man made. You
             | could argue that since there is no human intervention the
             | same input would lead to the same output, but again,
             | neither you or I have read the code to claim that it is
             | somehow "bias free" or even completely deterministic,
             | especially if the input relies on computer vision.
        
               | tryingtogetback wrote:
               | 1. "no bias is eliminated at first place, since the
               | algorithm is still man made" -
               | 
               | This is a straw man. if specific criteria are being
               | automatically evaluated bias is most certainly reduced
               | (if not eliminated).
               | 
               | 2. "especially if the input relies on computer vision" -
               | evaluation criteria can be infinitely improved upon
               | 
               | 3. "neither you or I have read the code" - I highlighted
               | transparency concerns in my original comment
               | 
               | 4. Unavoidable, unintentional implementation flaws (bugs)
               | are expected but so are fixes and continuous
               | improvements.
               | 
               | I would certainly trust an algorithm to make a decision
               | about my employment over an unpredictable, flawed, and
               | (often times) incompetent human management
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | No straw man, that algorithms cam be biased has been
               | already proven.
        
             | mmastrac wrote:
             | Yeah, value created can go badly too.                 if
             | (employee.pregnant()) {         employee.lifetime_value *=
             | 0.5       }       if (employee.can_be_pregnant()) {
             | employee.lifetime_value *= 0.8       }
        
           | tick_tock_tick wrote:
           | I feel like this is a very disingenuous way to put this
           | issue. It's not that people write a program that actually
           | have lines of code like this in them but rather machine
           | learning algorithms operate on our current reality rather
           | than any ideal. With few exceptions a pregnant employee is
           | worse than a non pregnant one so if all employee data is fed
           | into a nice ML black box with all things being equal it's
           | going to start firing the pregnant ones.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | shrubble wrote:
       | 'If a driver loses the appeal, they can ask for arbitration,
       | though it costs them $200.'
       | 
       | How is this considered acceptable?
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | Presumably, it's in the contract and the contract is iron-clad.
         | 
         | Many years ago, I had a friend who was questioning a lawyer
         | about a general indemnity clause in a contract. The lawyer
         | said, "Don't worry about it too much. The courts don't like it
         | when someone tries to take away your ability to seek legal
         | satisfaction." I guess that has changed.
        
           | aikah wrote:
           | I thought the cost of arbitration was solely the
           | responsibility of the employer? How is not a scam then to be
           | forced into paid arbitration?
        
             | TX0098812 wrote:
             | That may very well be the case. Companies tend to put all
             | sorts of things into contracts that courts would never
             | enforce. It pays because people believe the contract is
             | valid and abide by it.
        
       | cryptoz wrote:
       | This sounds wildly illegal. I don't know the laws on different
       | states, but do none of them require a reason for termination?
       | Seems ridiculous. If they are using facial recognition are they
       | also making systematic racist or other illegal 'decisions' when
       | firing?
       | 
       | This is at least super immoral and fucking gross.
        
         | zippergz wrote:
         | Most states in the US have at-will employment, which means the
         | employee or employer can terminate employment at any time for
         | any reason (other than some carved-out exceptions) or no reason
         | at all.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | Does at-will employment even apply here? Aren't they
           | contractors?
        
           | cryptoz wrote:
           | "At-will" employment does not sound like it would apply here.
           | While searching for this, I found a quote "At-will does not
           | apply if there has been a breach of good faith by the
           | employer." This is clearly a breach of good faith. I do not
           | think these firings are legal based on my admittedly weak
           | understanding of the issue.
        
             | thrill wrote:
             | it's not even close to "clearly a breach of good faith".
        
               | cryptoz wrote:
               | Really? Hiring someone who starts working a night shift,
               | and then firing them _because they look different during
               | the day time_ is _not_ a breach of good faith? Firing
               | someone for shaving their beard is not a breach of good
               | faith?
               | 
               | I guess I need to read up on legal terms. How are these
               | obvious problems not breaches of good faith? I can admit
               | I don't know much here, but, I'm shocked to find out that
               | none of the examples in the article are considered "even
               | close to" a breach of good faith?!
               | 
               | What would it take for Amazon to fire someone and breach
               | the assumed good faith? Do you have an example? I'm
               | curious and honestly trying to learn. I googled this
               | obviously but since I'm not a legal expert the results
               | are iffy and can be difficult to interpret so I
               | appreciate the conversation on this, cheers.
        
             | luhn wrote:
             | Good faith is a lower bar than you think it is. Basically
             | you can't screw someone over by firing them.
             | 
             | "Examples of bad faith terminations include an employer
             | firing an older employee to avoid paying retirement
             | benefits or terminating a salesman just before a large
             | commission on a completed sale is payable. There have been
             | relatively few cases in which employers were found liable
             | under an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing
             | theory."
             | 
             | Being fired by an opaque, capricious algorithm is not bad
             | faith. It's likely more legally sound for Amazon than
             | firing someone the "old fashioned way"--There's no
             | potential for personal biases to get in the way, and I'm
             | sure the software squirrels away all the necessary
             | documentation should a wrongful termination suit arise.
        
               | cryptoz wrote:
               | > Basically you can't screw someone over by firing them.
               | 
               | Every person in the article seems like they were screwed
               | over when they were fired. All of them.
               | 
               | > Being fired by an opaque, capricious algorithm is not
               | bad faith.
               | 
               | Yes, it is. When the 'algorithm' is already known by
               | executives to make horrible mistakes, it definitely is.
               | 
               | From the article: "Executives knew this was gonna shit
               | the bed,"
               | 
               | > There's no potential for personal biases to get in the
               | way,
               | 
               | I do not agree with this at all. Someone - people - wrote
               | the code that they use to do the firings. Just because a
               | 'computer' took the steps does not mean that there is "no
               | potential" for personal biases to get in the way. In fact
               | there is unlimited potential for that, and it's sneaky,
               | because you can just blame the software!
               | 
               | > and I'm sure the software squirrels away all the
               | necessary documentation should a wrongful termination
               | suit arise.
               | 
               | Are you really sure about this? Why are you so sure? I
               | personally would be confident that it does _not_ do that.
               | If it did, wouldn 't it be possible for it to not make
               | these decisions in the first place?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Being fired by an opaque, capricious algorithm is not
               | bad faith. It's likely more legally sound for Amazon than
               | firing someone the "old fashioned way"--There's no
               | potential for personal biases to get in the way, and I'm
               | sure the software squirrels away all the necessary
               | documentation should a wrongful termination suit arise.
               | 
               | Given the well-known problems with computer vision and
               | race (and the lighting-related problems this have which
               | have similar source), I'd be very surprised if this _didn
               | 't_ constitute disparate impact racial discrimination if
               | someone actually did the legwork to gather the relevant
               | data.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > Most states in the US have at-will employment
           | 
           | In the sense that 50/50 is "most", yes.
        
             | zippergz wrote:
             | Fair. I was hedging because I was too lazy to look it up
             | and confirm there are no exceptions. "Every state makes
             | their own rules" can create weird situations and I didn't
             | want to mislead anyone....
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | tacker2000 wrote:
       | Well thats not much different how they deal with their 3rd party
       | sellers. An automated system detects "problems" and then just
       | freezes your account, without much recourse except talking to the
       | useless seller support that cant speak english properly and do
       | anything about it. In the case of being an amazon vendor (selling
       | stuff directly to amazon in bulk), you receive orders from a
       | computer system and if you dont deliver in the allowed timeslot
       | they penalize you. Minimal human interaction necessary. Amazon is
       | truly the pioneer in this type of development.
        
         | slownews45 wrote:
         | However, if you do deliver they pay you. In some areas
         | (publishing) this is not always the case.
        
       | gentleman11 wrote:
       | I recently accepted a 30 day delivery delay to avoid buying some
       | items off Amazon. I got anxiety from trying to buy from Amazon
       | and couldn't do it, 2 day shipping or not. The company is a
       | nightmare
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >I recently accepted a 30 day delivery delay to avoid buying
         | some items off Amazon
         | 
         | 30 days? Did you order from aliexpress rather than amazon?
        
           | gentleman11 wrote:
           | Small book publisher from Europe. Interestingly, even after
           | expensive shipping, it cost less than via Amazon despite
           | Amazon's fake "free" shipping
        
             | seanp2k2 wrote:
             | If you want to see very clear examples of ridiculous Amazon
             | pricing, just look up boxes of nitrile gloves. Found some
             | in stock at Target last week for about 2x what I'd expect
             | them to cost normally, yet on Amazon they're all about 10x
             | normal prices. I really like the longer gloves in larger
             | thicknesses for working on mechanical stuff, but I'm not
             | paying $1/pair for disposable nitrile gloves.
        
         | cyral wrote:
         | I find myself ordering less and less from Amazon. For almost
         | any product now there are tons of foreign "brands" with random
         | all caps names that are whitelabeling products with
         | questionable quality. With no oversight, if anything goes
         | wrong, doesn't conform to safety regulations, etc, they can
         | easily just go and set up shop under a different name.
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | What is the deal with those weird names? I have a lamp called
           | the "Deunbr". Maybe there's an AI creating Amazon shops and
           | randomizing the name every time
        
           | seanp2k2 wrote:
           | Don't forget how they also remove and re-list items all the
           | time to avoid bad reviews, and copy/paste reviews and ratings
           | from other unrelated products. I'm guessing that it's worth
           | it to pay people in call center type operations pennies per
           | review to do this if the bot detection is usually good enough
           | to catch it, or if they're doing the "verified buyer" thing,
           | to pay people to "buy" their products, etc etc. The point is
           | that what Amazon does to try to stop this isn't working, and
           | Amazon feels like a flea market with a few "official" stores.
           | The categories and requirement to pick a category before
           | getting more advanced parameters has been broken for years,
           | and I doubt anyone in power there is very interested in
           | fixing it.
           | 
           | I've also been buying less on Amazon, but their easy returns
           | if something arrives truly broken or mismatched from the
           | description are a lot more peace of mind than one typically
           | gets with random small businesses. I've had to file a
           | chargeback before after a small biz refused to let me cancel
           | an order after informing me after charging me that one thing
           | I ordered was no longer available in the configuration I
           | ordered it (auto parts so it literally wouldn't have worked).
           | It was a huge hassle and a few hours of wasted time, plus I
           | still had to find the hard-to-source part somewhere else. On
           | Amazon I've been refunded immediately, no questions asked,
           | when I've been sent the wrong thing. I'm sure that people who
           | return stuff at a higher rate are super annoying for
           | merchants with how Amazon puts seemingly all of the burden on
           | them, but for consumers who mostly buy stuff in good faith
           | (e.g. not buying a tool to use it then return it when done),
           | it's a great experience. I'm sure they have metrics on
           | customers around how much they return and what that "free
           | shipping" really costs.
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | Good for you. I try to as often as I can, not that it makes a
         | difference though. I also definitely try to buy more things
         | locally but sometimes Amazon is just by far the cheapest plus
         | fastest option.
        
       | codekansas wrote:
       | In the Cory Doctorow book "walkaways" there's this central
       | version controlled repository that basically makes all the
       | decisions for this commune about who should do what. Anyone can
       | contribute to it (although AFAIR the review process wasn't too
       | fleshed out).
       | 
       | Regarding Amazon, Uber and other "instant employment" type
       | companies - it's a weird world, where you can basically get
       | automatically hired and fired by an algorithm. It creates, in
       | theory, full employment (although not very good employment, at
       | least right now) and gives workers more leverage if they want to
       | quit another job, but also more instability if the rules for the
       | new job aren't made clear or are applied arbitrarily. It also
       | feels like we're in a very nascent stage for this. Maybe this
       | could be done better - it seems like an area that is ripe for
       | disruption.
        
       | dwater wrote:
       | Like unions or not, the contracts they have were arrived at over
       | decades of negotiations between companies and employees. So while
       | many will bemoan that unions make it impossible to fire bad
       | employees, the purpose of those provisions is to make sure that
       | companies aren't firing workers without cause, or because of the
       | companies' own fault, as appears to be the case here. Amazon may
       | have stopped most of its employee unionization efforts so far,
       | but this automated firing system looks ripe for an expensive
       | class action lawsuit to me, and it almost certainly wouldn't have
       | happened if these employees had the bargaining power of a group.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >but this automated firing system looks ripe for an expensive
         | class action lawsuit to me
         | 
         | On what basis? Aren't they contractors? Do contractors get
         | protections against arbitrary "firings"?
        
           | calvinmorrison wrote:
           | And a automatic metrics based firing system is probably much
           | fairer than a human. Hard to sue for discrimination when you
           | can prove with code it was based on metrics.
        
             | malcolmgreaves wrote:
             | Actually, it will be easier to show any labor law
             | violations with an automated system. Any kind of wrongful
             | termination or bias will be easy to show in the logs.
             | 
             | Note that getting a computer to do something doesn't make
             | it unbiased. People can, and often do, write bias into
             | programs.
        
             | retrac wrote:
             | And easy to prove when you can show a correlation like the
             | employee being black results in being downrated. Code and
             | especially machine learning systems happily encode our own
             | biases.
        
             | croes wrote:
             | Fairer? You mean like Amazons AI recruiting system that was
             | biased against women? You can simply put discrimination
             | into every metric.
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | Amazon says they are contractors. The US government (some US
           | States as well) has been pushing pretty hard on that view
           | recently.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | Contractors get protections afforded under established
           | contract law and principals of executing a contract in good
           | faith. If Amazon has built a system that they know to be
           | inconsistent or unfair or otherwise flawed then they are
           | violating the terms of the contract.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | So let's say I have a startup that uses 10 different SaaS
             | providers. Suppose I decided one day to randomly pick one
             | SaaS provider and stop using them. That sounds
             | "inconsistent or unfair or otherwise flawed" to me. Would
             | that get me in trouble?
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | Depends on the terms of the contract. Contracts must be
               | executed in good faith. That is the law. If you with your
               | SaaS vendors or Amazon with its Flex workers isn't
               | conforming to that part of the law then there is the
               | potential for legal liability.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | What if paragraph 144 (a) (iii) subsection b of the
               | contract explicitly states that the employee _ahem_
               | contractor has a 0-day notice period?
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | People aren't software.
        
               | mister_tee wrote:
               | Not the same thing as contracting employees, especially
               | in the eyes of the government.
               | 
               | Plus cancellation terms are likely codified in terms of
               | the license agreement.
        
           | TX0098812 wrote:
           | > Aren't they contractors?
           | 
           | Question is, according to whom. For example, Uber got hit
           | with a pretty big fine in Italy because in the view of the
           | court, the people working for Uber should be viewed as
           | employees.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | What's wrong with firing employees without cause?
         | 
         | A business relationship like employment is by mutual consent.
         | Either party can opt out at any time.
         | 
         | I'm not sure this is something that needs fixing. You seem to
         | feel differently. What am I missing?
        
           | TX0098812 wrote:
           | > A business relationship like employment is by mutual
           | consent.
           | 
           | This is a childish fantasy.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | They're not employees, they're contractors. Meaning the
           | relationship is governed by a contract. If a system that
           | Amazon knows to be flawed is being used to terminate
           | contracts incorrectly then it is a contractual issue.
           | 
           | Contract law requires good faith execution of the contract.
           | It is not good faith to terminate contracts using a known bad
           | system.
        
           | woodruffw wrote:
           | At-will employment is the exception, not the rule, in most of
           | the developed world.
           | 
           | It's really only the US that allows employers to unilaterally
           | terminate their employees, and there's ample evidence that
           | companies use it as plausible cover for all sorts of actions
           | that _would_ be illegal (discrimination against protected
           | groups). That, in my book, is indeed something that needs
           | fixing.
           | 
           | But even beyond plausible discrimination: mutual consent is
           | least ambiguous when there's mutual and equal power. No such
           | balance exists in the employer-employed relationship:
           | employees are _de facto_ dependent on their employers for
           | their ability to feed, clothe, and shelter themselves.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | > _employees are de facto dependent on their employers for
             | their ability to feed, clothe, and shelter themselves._
             | 
             | This is false. This presumes that all employees are
             | incapable of saving money or seeking alternate employment
             | quickly.
             | 
             | Neither is true.
        
               | black_puppydog wrote:
               | Not being able to (meaningfully) save money is a harsh
               | reality for many people, what are you talking about?
               | 
               | The fact that some (tech/highly skilled) workers have
               | actual leverage doesn't negate the fact that many, MANY
               | others don't have _any_.
        
               | pope_meat wrote:
               | 50% of the US population would be ruined by an unexpected
               | $500 bill.
               | 
               | We can't operate on how things ought to be, we have to
               | look at how things are actually...and they're bad.
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | Don't forget that 40% of the population is above or below
               | working age. So perhaps it's only 20% of working age
               | people.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | My dad, career Air Force, was once given the job of
               | coaching the privates on the Air Force base. It seems
               | that about 50% of them were unable to pay their bills,
               | which caused friction between the base commander and the
               | local merchants.
               | 
               | The privates were all paid the same, every two weeks.
               | 
               | Half were able to pay their bills and did well. The other
               | half would spend their paychecks as fast as possible, and
               | would run out of money after 1 week. The 2nd week was
               | spent begging, borrowing, and in general being a
               | deadbeat.
               | 
               | My dad would sit down with them, go over their spending,
               | and prepare budgets for them. Literally none of them were
               | able to adhere to those budgets.
               | 
               | Again, 50%.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | > This presumes that all employees are incapable of
               | saving money or seeking alternate employment quickly.
               | 
               | It doesn't presume anything of the sort: you don't need
               | to make a statement about "all" employees to observe that
               | the average American under 35 has under $10,000 in liquid
               | savings[1]. That can disappear pretty quickly with a car
               | or home accident, unexpected injury, or legal liability.
               | Even outside of those, it's not very much to live on
               | outside of LCoL areas for more than a couple of months.
               | 
               | The average American is also not a tech worker: they're
               | somewhere in the lower middle class, and may or may not
               | have the ability to transition rapidly between jobs (our
               | current funhouse-mirror economy aside). You're making
               | extraordinary presumptions about millions of people,
               | presumptions with very real and material consequences.
               | 
               | But to go _even_ further: we should not be punishing
               | people with the threat of hunger or exposure for failing
               | to keep liquid savings! The current economy doesn 't
               | encourage liquid (i.e., conservative) saving techniques,
               | and American education does not consistently include
               | financial planning. The vast majority of Americans are
               | blamelessly "winging it" and should not be punished for
               | that.
               | 
               | To tie a bow around it: I don't need to make a universal
               | statement about _every_ employee in America to correctly
               | observe that _many_ employees are materially threatened
               | by at-will employment. Attempting to promote this into
               | universal claims is bewildering at best; it 's
               | immediately obvious to everyone that plenty of people can
               | survive an unexpected firing.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-
               | finance/average-ame...
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | > At-will employment is the exception, not the rule, in
             | most of the developed world.
             | 
             | How does this work elsewhere in the world? From a legal
             | point of view at-will employment seems like the default
             | when it comes to buying a service (ie. labor). If you rent
             | a server from amazon you can stop the rental anytime you
             | want, and they can kick you off anytime you want.
        
               | tolbish wrote:
               | But do they also control your healthcare?
               | 
               | Your boss does.
        
               | t0mas88 wrote:
               | Not in the big majority of developed countries... The US
               | is also the big exception in that.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | > From a legal point of view at-will employment seems
               | like the default when it comes to buying a service (ie.
               | labor).
               | 
               | I think this gets to the heart of the difference:
               | Americans tend to think of their employment as a
               | continuous exchange of dollars for their labor, whereas
               | most of the world takes the concept of an employment
               | _contract_ to heart.
               | 
               | That contract, in turn, contains both legal and
               | contractual stipulations that prevent firing without
               | cause: employers must give you so-and-so many weeks of
               | notice before beginning the process of firing you, must
               | pay you for so-and-so many months if you present an
               | argument to a labor board, &c. There's nothing informal
               | about it: it's the difference between continuous billing
               | for a service and a fixed-length contract.
               | 
               | Here's a random PDF I found that explains some of the
               | difference between US and French labor contracts[1].
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.bakermckenzie.com/-/media/files/insight/
               | publicat...
        
               | Pet_Ant wrote:
               | Employing someone in most of the world is not seen as
               | simply buying a service. It's not a subscription. Are you
               | aware of the concept of Noblesse Oblige[1]? As the worker
               | is smaller and more fragile the business can handle the
               | burden better. The business has lots of employees whereas
               | the employees have only one employer.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noblesse_oblige
        
               | mister_tee wrote:
               | This will depend on your views on
               | politics/society/humanity. I know that there one side of
               | the argument that workers should be basically hot-
               | swappable and rack-mountable. I am often a bleeding-heart
               | liberal and am pretty far to the other side of things.
               | Underneath everything here it's more a question of
               | feelings and values more than any sort of logic.
               | Different countries' laws may come down on different
               | sides of the argument here.
               | 
               | A virtualized server from Amazon does not need food,
               | clothing, and shelter to survive. It does not have a
               | family to support. Simply, it is not alive. and laws
               | around humans and commodities should probably be very
               | different.
               | 
               | More cold-hearted practical arguments for businesses: the
               | virtual machine cannot vote in the next election, it
               | cannot contact the local news media to complain about
               | working conditions, it cannot unionize. If things get
               | very bad it cannot buy torches and pitchforks.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | You're only looking at it from one side.
             | 
             | What if I want to quit?
             | 
             | If I can't be fired, then the complement to that would be I
             | cannot quit.
             | 
             | There needs to be a balance where I can quit the company
             | and the company can quit me but where companies don't abuse
             | the system (ex Amazon in this example). I don't think there
             | is a great solution, other than a command economy (but
             | there you are not quite free to change "companies" either).
        
               | barbazoo wrote:
               | Of course you can quit. The power imbalance is mitigated
               | in other countries by making it hard to terminate without
               | cause and on the other side you will have to give more
               | notice when you quit. In Germany when I lived there it
               | wasn't uncommon to have a contract that let you quit your
               | job with 3 months notice or even 3 months from the
               | beginning of the next quarter, things like that. Sure
               | that's inconvenient for some but it's a good trade-off
               | for others.
        
               | unicornfinder wrote:
               | Indeed and it's worth mentioning that when every job has
               | that sort of notice period it's less of an issue than you
               | might think. Not to mention there's always room for
               | negotiation with these things.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | > What if I want to quit?
               | 
               | Is there supposed to be a catch here? If you want to
               | quit, then you should be allowed to quit.
               | 
               | To make it explicit: in the vast majority of the
               | developed world, the individual employee's autonomy is
               | given priority. Companies _still_ have broad discretion
               | when it comes to firing; they 're simply held to a higher
               | standard of justification than "we don't like you
               | anymore."
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | The same termination periods for both parties, e.g. 3
               | months to quarters end, or month end. And you are very
               | far from anything even remotely resembling command
               | economy. Unless of course most of the developed free
               | world, excluding the US, is communist command economy in
               | your eyes.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | A compromise if not a great solution, but it is a decent
               | solution.
               | 
               | This compromise does make sense in a slightly unchanging
               | economy.
               | 
               | Also, if you have highly sought skills this is a
               | detriment, if you have skills that are not in demand,
               | then this is nice to have.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | When everyone has the same periods, they don't matter.
               | For e declining economy, we have various forms of state
               | sponsored half unemployment, meaning that you work less
               | while keeping your job and the state sponsors your salary
               | to a degree.
               | 
               | You can also always negotiate an earlier release. These
               | periods offer stability for both parties.
        
           | jhgb wrote:
           | > What's wrong with firing employees without cause?
           | 
           | For starters, the unequal status of corporations and their
           | employees?
        
           | croes wrote:
           | Ever tried to cancel your phone contract? Cancelation at
           | anytime is the exception not the norm. Same with most
           | contracts, they all have notice periods. >What am I missing?
           | People have obligations like rent, health insurance, school
           | fees. They have families and children, so a minimum of
           | planning is important. Everything else is inhumane.
        
           | hobs wrote:
           | Empathy for other human beings who will have negative
           | outcomes if for pointless reasons their employment is turned
           | off by a computer.
        
             | nxmnxm99 wrote:
             | Give severance? If a person is getting fired they're
             | obviously not a net positive to their manager, so why would
             | you want to protect them
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | You are assuming they are being terminated after a
               | correct assessment if their value. Good employees still
               | get fired. Managers can be wrong, or play office
               | politics.
        
               | imwillofficial wrote:
               | You say "obvious", but in the real world, the lines of
               | net positive or negative have more inputs than that.
               | Adding an algorithm to the mix that may or may not be
               | operating correctly is not a human way to operate.
               | 
               | In civilization, we make affordances for people that go
               | against the razors edge of pure efficiency.
        
               | amznthrwaway wrote:
               | Tell me you're a naive and idealistic capitalist without
               | telling me that you're a naive and idealistic capitalist.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | What empathy? Why would anyone want to continue in a
             | business relationship where the other party doesn't want
             | to?
             | 
             | There are tons of places hiring right now; Amazon isn't the
             | only game in town for labor.
        
               | imwillofficial wrote:
               | This shows a distinct lack of understanding of how crappy
               | it can be when you're poor.
               | 
               | It takes awhile for a new job to cut that first check. In
               | America, usually around a month.
               | 
               | That month can be insanely scary with no money and mouths
               | to feed.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | That's why welfare, food assistance programs, and
               | unemployment exist. Amazon (and every other employer)
               | pays in to those programs by law when employing people.
        
               | bellyfullofbac wrote:
               | Hah, is this naivete, or just obtuseness?
               | 
               | And the CEOs or their lobbyists go to state and federal
               | capitols to lobby for destruction of these programs, or
               | "donate" to politicians' election campaigns with "wink
               | wink, you know what we want."...
        
               | alo45 wrote:
               | Because you're talking about people who don't have
               | extensive cybersec experience and multiple retirement
               | accounts, who see a job as the thing, you know, feeding
               | their kids for the next two weeks while we pontificate on
               | their purpose as a class on HN? This comment is extremely
               | tone deaf and betrays why this industry is fundamentally
               | flawed when it comes to human factors. Engineers and
               | product leads building these systems have simply never
               | experienced the other end of the table, and then reduce
               | the equation to a "business relationship" just like
               | you're doing here.
               | 
               | I realize it's easy to forget you're discussing human
               | beings when computers make much more sense. I don't know,
               | call me crazy, European, idealistic, whatever, but
               | putting a human in the loop to say "eh, that's a bad
               | call" isn't a lot to ask nor the demise of capitalism. If
               | a human being double checking and delivering bad news is
               | the only thing holding the economy back from grand
               | designs of glorious, automated scale, I'd prefer another
               | economy that pays more attention to its purpose - which
               | is the sustenance of humans, not the concentration of
               | wealth based on flagrant disregard for the welfare of
               | people it serves.
               | 
               | I like the way Sorkin put it: "we used to wage war on
               | poverty, not poor people," and I think your initial
               | question about empathy illuminates much of that
               | sentiment.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | > _Because you're talking about people who don't have
               | extensive cybersec experience and multiple retirement
               | accounts, who see a job as the thing, you know, feeding
               | their kids for the next two weeks while we pontificate on
               | their purpose as a class on HN?_
               | 
               | This strikes me as ad hominem; I'm talking about standard
               | unskilled workers. Anyone who doesn't have enough savings
               | on hand to buy food and shelter for the short period of
               | time while switching jobs in one of the best labor
               | markets for workers that our generation has ever seen is
               | simply irresponsible.
               | 
               | There are _so many_ unfilled jobs right now.
               | 
               | > _I realize it's easy to forget you're discussing human
               | beings when computers make much more sense_
               | 
               | Oh, come on. We're talking about consent to a business
               | transaction between _human beings_ here, obviously.
               | Please do try to comment in good faith.
        
               | alo45 wrote:
               | Seriously, though, what the fuck is a "standard unskilled
               | worker?" Did that sound like anything but a reductive
               | take on people less privileged than you in your head? At
               | the least it's a further elimination of empathy and human
               | factors from your point. I didn't think there was much
               | left to discard, but here we are, with the lower social
               | strata in an Excel column.
               | 
               | Luckily for us, I'm not debating you and need not concern
               | myself with whatever you'd like to call the argument. I'm
               | simply appealing to whatever sliver of empathy you have
               | to consider that _just maybe_ firing someone with a batch
               | job is a good place to think about an ethical line. I
               | didn't even advocate to draw one, just introduced nuance
               | to think about as a counterweight to your extraordinarily
               | simplistic view of labor and its role in society.
               | 
               | If you can't meet me even there and instead take an
               | opportunity to call people who just might starve to death
               | on the other end of such an experience "irresponsible,"
               | based on ostensibly a distant understanding of finance
               | and employment for lower social classes, we are not going
               | to agree on anything. The ad hominem would be noting that
               | from your views it reads like you have next to no
               | experience with the financial circumstances you're
               | discussing, which given the topic seems an interesting
               | but unnecessarily personal observation.
               | 
               | If these comments are in bad faith in this forum then I
               | have absolutely no interest in baptizing my views.
               | 
               | Honestly, I'd be curious how your interview at Dominos
               | would go. I'm not being snide. You should take a break
               | from this line of work and go after the _so many_
               | unfilled jobs you're talking about for a while, because I
               | think it would refine your viewpoint on this (speaking
               | from personal experience). You know how one can interview
               | for a cybersec gig and disclose that they were fired once
               | for some bullshit and everyone shares a good laugh about
               | the story while cutting an offer letter? That doesn't
               | happen at Dominos.
        
               | pope_meat wrote:
               | You do have to admit, Amazon has reduced the number of
               | options you can have for employment. Last I checked, toys
               | r us ain't hiring, cause Amazon ships the toys now.
        
               | Noos wrote:
               | It wasn't Amazon's fault; Toy stores had been declining
               | well before it, with companies like KB toys going defunct
               | in 2009. In general what was happening was that it was
               | much harder for retail speciality stores and small chains
               | to compete with Wal-mart and other megastores, and the
               | market seemed to collapse.
               | 
               | A tremendous amount of retail just died in the 2000s,
               | with only a few survivors. Either folding, or being
               | bought out and merging with other companies that folded.
        
               | alo45 wrote:
               | That's a lot like saying it was the patient's underlying
               | cancer that ultimately killed her, not the pillow held
               | over her face by an overly ambitious family member eyeing
               | the lucrative estate she would leave behind.
               | 
               | Amazon accelerated what you describe in every
               | quantifiable way and it was undoubtedly baked into the
               | overall strategy. Yes, the situation was already terminal
               | thanks to the Internet and poor online shopping execution
               | by the incumbents, including Walmart, but overlooking
               | Amazon's involvement (going so far as to call it not
               | their fault) and pointing at Walmart as the disease
               | itself is a tiny bit of revisionism.
               | 
               | Am I the only one old enough to remember discussions in
               | older forums like these about how brilliant Bezos was to
               | identify and exploit such a now-obvious opportunity? It
               | was obvious then to the point of being damned near
               | Amazon's entire thesis.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | Toy R Us went bankrupt in large part due to executives
               | selling itself to a private capitol firm that saddled it
               | with so much debt that even with its stores maintaining
               | decent operating profits the company as a whole could not
               | maintain the debt payments.
               | 
               | Amazon certainly didn't help their bottom line, but it
               | wasn't the nail in the coffin either.
        
               | jcpham2 wrote:
               | Walmart delivers groceries to my door and lets me tip the
               | driver in the app, have they similarly limited employment
               | opportunities or do they expand them?
               | 
               | I'm not sure at this point, both are horrible
               | corporations I've resisted as long as I can can, yet both
               | regularly siphon money from my checking account.
        
               | jvolkman wrote:
               | Are you looking for hypotheticals? Maybe a person has no
               | financial safety net and has a sick family member at home
               | that requires all of their time outside of work, leaving
               | none for a job search.
        
               | alex_c wrote:
               | >What empathy?
               | 
               | Feels like this sums up so much of our world, it's scary.
               | Anyway.
               | 
               | Main issue is with "mutual consent", or more
               | specifically, negotiating power.
               | 
               | A contract negotiated between two parties with similar
               | amounts of power will have terms that protect both sides.
               | These will often define things like advance notice for
               | cancellation, or penalties for early cancellation. The
               | paying party usually wants the most flexibility for
               | cancellation, the counterparty wants certainty of
               | revenue, so a balance is found. Assuming everyone did
               | their work, both sides should be reasonably happy with
               | the terms of the contract.
               | 
               | A negotiation between a large corporation and an
               | individual (low-level) employee is not really a
               | negotiation, the individual employee can only accept or
               | reject the corporation's offer but they cannot typically
               | negotiate specific parts of the contract. Individually,
               | they have no leverage. If they decline the offer and move
               | on to the next company, they don't have any more
               | negotiating power over there either.
               | 
               | Let's also talk about BATNA a bit here. BATNA for a
               | company: they just hire the next person that comes along,
               | still with the terms dictated by the company. BATNA for
               | an employee: accept an offer somewhere else (again with
               | the terms dictated by the company), or starve.
               | 
               | So what can an individual employee do to get more
               | leverage and get an outcome closer to a "mutual consent"
               | contract? Well, the obvious option is to coordinate their
               | negotiation with others who also have low individual
               | negotiating power but share similar interests. Combined,
               | they should have a lot more leverage.
               | 
               | We could call this negotiating process "collective
               | bargaining", and the group of individuals a "union".
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | The market-driven counter to this is that if companies
               | don't offer terms that employees agree to, they won't be
               | able to get any employees and therefore over time, in the
               | aggregate, they will move towards outcomes similar to
               | what would be achieved in a mutual consent arrangement,
               | without the need for unions.
               | 
               | Of course if that was _correct_ we likely would not have
               | seen the rise of unions in the first place because things
               | would simply have adjusted over the many decades if
               | industrial revolution leading up to wide scale
               | establishment of labor unions. When it comes down to
               | being able to survive, people will accept the terms they
               | 're given. They don't have the luxury of waiting for a
               | "market correction" on labor rates and benefits.
               | 
               | Open markets can find efficient solutions to complex
               | problems. Unfortunately, much like waiting for evolution
               | to find a solution for a problem, it doesn't always
               | happen at a time scale suitable for human lifetimes.
        
               | birdyrooster wrote:
               | lol your life is so privileged that you don't realize it
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | _Why would anyone want to continue in a business
               | relationship where the other party doesn 't want to?_
               | 
               | Because people arrange their lives around their work
               | situation and it can be significantly damaging to them to
               | lose their jobs due to a bad manager or, as in this
               | post's example, a flawed algorithm.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | notyourwork wrote:
           | I'm not sure but was always under the impression at-will
           | employment is essentially that. The employer and employee
           | maintain an agreement that either party can terminate at any
           | point in time. Is that not the right interpretation of at-
           | will employment?
        
       | high_byte wrote:
       | "shaved their beard" and got fired by a bot. dystopian present
        
       | CPLX wrote:
       | This is dystopia and we should work together to stop it.
       | 
       | It's no more natural or inevitable than rows of 12 year old
       | sewing clothes or dead mine workers.
        
         | belval wrote:
         | Yeah remember how the world came together and stopped child
         | labor in third world countries? /s
        
       | monkeydust wrote:
       | Amazon treating humans like servers. When you need to scale fast
       | you fire up some more and when you're done you shut them down.
       | That's basically what's happening here. Question is, are we OK
       | with it...?
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | I would guess this only works for so long. I'm sure there's a
         | big supply of people that will fall for it, but it's not an
         | infinite supply.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | In essence financial slavery...
        
         | zouhair wrote:
         | Seeing the amount of people still using Amazon I'd say as a
         | society we are more than OK with it. Some life destroyed is
         | worth the price of having my toilet paper sent to my home
         | diligently.
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | I don't know about that. A lot of people don't know how awful
           | they are yet. Personally I've been a very enthusiastic Amazon
           | shopper until I started seeing the recent surge of Amazon job
           | reviews.
        
           | Clubber wrote:
           | There are other ways of inducing reform than boycotting the
           | company. Maybe we can pressure our politicians for better
           | workers rights rather than worse like we've gotten over the
           | last 4 decades.
        
             | pjerem wrote:
             | I agree with that.
             | 
             | While I don't morally agree with Amazon policies, we must
             | understand that companies will always optimize to win the
             | capitalism's game whatever the human cost.
             | 
             | However, as a society, our role is not to ask Amazon (or
             | whatever misbehaving company) to stop being bad guys, but
             | to change the rules of the game so that immoral behavior
             | ceases to be a competitive advantage.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | Publicly-traded companies are owned by a subset of
               | society. Sure we can tell them to stop being bad guys.
               | Ever hear of activist shareholders?
        
               | wvenable wrote:
               | You going to do that with every company?
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | The only activist shareholders I'm aware of, like Carl
               | Icahn are activists for themselves.
               | 
               | Plus, you really have to have 50% + 1 to make a
               | difference, and then there are still mechanisms against
               | you. You just need to come up with half of $1.74 trillion
               | as of today, and of course enough people who want to
               | sell.
               | 
               | No, I think there are more effective strategies than
               | that.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | It's only ineffective because it hasn't been tried at
               | scale. If you can co-ordinate enough voters to move an
               | election, you can co-ordinate enough money to influence
               | corporate governance.
               | 
               | A lot of AGMs are simply rubber-stamping exercises (look
               | at how many directors are voted in again and again with
               | 80-95% of the vote?!) It does not have to be this way.
               | 
               | You don't have to literally own Amazon to change their
               | ways - in theory you can buy one share and ask some
               | pointed questions at the AGM. If the other shareholders
               | see that change is in their best interest, they will vote
               | accordingly. Sadly, most are asleep at the wheel.
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | Apparently: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27664846
        
         | booleandilemma wrote:
         | Like cattle not people?
        
       | SmellTheGlove wrote:
       | Upcoming Amazon medium post: Firing at Scale
       | 
       | For real though. We need some labor protections in this country.
       | Remember when we robo-signed ourselves into fraudulent
       | foreclosures?
        
       | ryandrake wrote:
       | We're getting closer and closer to Manna [1] every year.
       | Dystopian stories are meant to dissuade building the dystopia--
       | not to encourage it! If you're a software engineer working on a
       | project with ethical implications, please consider the kind of
       | world you're building.
       | 
       | 1: https://marshallbrain.com/manna
        
         | EasyTiger_ wrote:
         | > If you're a software engineer working on a project with
         | ethical implications, please consider the kind of world you're
         | building.
         | 
         | You'll find them on Twitter falling over themselves to tell
         | everyone how morally upstanding they are
        
       | newobj wrote:
       | Do you want a dystopia? Because that's how you get a dystopia
        
       | profmonocle wrote:
       | > Flex drivers' forums are littered with posts from people
       | complaining that their accounts were terminated because their
       | selfies did not "meet the requirements for the Amazon Flex
       | program." The photos appear to be verified by image recognition
       | algorithms.
       | 
       | If these algorithms work better with lighter-skinned people (as
       | has happened in the past), could they have a discrimination issue
       | on their hands?
        
       | kjhughes wrote:
       | Bad automated policy is bad because the _policy_ is bad, not
       | because automation is bad.
       | 
       | Automation applies policy evenly. An employee can be sure that
       | the firing wasn't due to a boss having a bad day, not liking the
       | employee personally, not noticing worse performance of
       | colleagues, etc.
       | 
       | The real problem comes when automated assessment is poorly
       | designed. And it's a shame not only because of the heartless
       | actions that impact real people's lives and the needless public
       | relations damage that is bound to emerge. It's also a shame
       | because of the lost opportunity to help workers' performance
       | improve via feedback at a level of detail that the automated
       | systems _could_ provide.
       | 
       | Damn the secrecy. Develop an open rating system that provides
       | continuous feedback to the worker. Build in dampers that provide
       | ample time to learn, correct mistakes, and improve. Publish every
       | factor, every consideration, every weight that goes into the
       | assessment. Openly. Refine over and over until both management
       | and the workforce see it as fair and helpful.
       | 
       | I would take that system over the subjective, unevenly applied,
       | unclear criteria that's historically been used to assess
       | performance. No surprises to the workers, and management has to
       | own the criteria rather than hide behind unpublished automation.
       | Objectivity should be a virtue. Without transparency, it's going
       | to prove to be quite the vice.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | This is a great point.
         | 
         | However, I'll just add that, having tried to design such
         | systems in the past (for large-scale Mechanical Turk work), it
         | is _fiendishly_ complex. Not only is it incredibly difficult to
         | turn our intuitions of  "what's fair" into formulas, but then
         | you've got to deal with people trying to game those rules for
         | their own advantage once they figure them out, which ultimately
         | means you can only ever be partially transparent at best.
         | 
         | In fact, I'd go so far as to say it's impossible for all pretty
         | much practical purposes that need to be cost-effective, sadly.
         | It's a _really_ tough problem.
        
           | derefr wrote:
           | > people trying to game those rules for their own advantage
           | once they figure them out
           | 
           | I mean, good for them. They deserve my money for obeying the
           | letter of my requirements. That's exactly what I want them to
           | do. If the letter of the requirements don't accurately and
           | precisely represent the spirit of the requirements, that's on
           | me.
           | 
           | IMHO that sort of adversarial relationship is extremely
           | helpful at developing a good formal spec for the requirements
           | in the first place. It's TDD, but with a monetary incentive
           | on the part of the developer to "code to make the test pass"
           | and nothing more. You don't get to rely on the developer's
           | charitability--the only knob _you_ get to turn, is what test
           | you write!
           | 
           | Of course, in the end, the "tests" might need to be
           | Sufficiently Advanced for this to work, e.g. a spec that
           | specifies something as "what a layman would understand X to
           | be" -- where actually evaluating that in an automated way
           | would involve automating a "jury of your peers" type setup to
           | act as the "layman."
        
           | planet-and-halo wrote:
           | This is one of those things I wish more people understood.
           | Second-order effects can be hard to predict, but if it's a
           | rule and it involves human beings, then you can be pretty
           | sure the second-order effect will be "people try to game the
           | rule."
        
         | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
         | Automated policy like this will be bad until we have general
         | purpose strong AI, because there's no room for people to be
         | edge cases in human ways. You need to automate room for life to
         | happen.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | Any algorithm can and will be gamed. Making it public means
         | people will adhere to every detail, and yet still be
         | unproductive.
         | 
         | There's even a name for it: "work to rule".
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work-to-rule
        
           | kjhughes wrote:
           | I understand work-to-rule. It arises due to misaligned goals.
           | 
           | Poor objective functions can be gamed; good ones align goals
           | such that gaming and aligned goal attainment become the same.
           | 
           | I'd rather face the (admittedly formidable) challenge of
           | designing such objective functions in the open than rely on
           | undefined or secretive policy that's hidden.
           | 
           | Assessment requires definition, by definition.
        
         | nkingsy wrote:
         | I was thinking similarly in the "FU IG" thread.
         | 
         | The only way I see capitalism surviving long-term is if we can
         | embrace data collection in all aspects of life and make it work
         | for us to internalize negative externalitites on an ongoing
         | basis.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | Why do you think that evaluation period, where there are still
         | humans involved tweaking the system, would ever end? The world
         | is going to keep changing. An attendance policy that everyone
         | agreed on suddenly isn't going to work in a pandemic, and
         | humans will need to intervene. A rating system will need to be
         | changed when someone finds a vulnerability in the website and
         | spams every worker with a thousand bad reviews. It's going to
         | constantly need changes, need constant supervision and review,
         | there will never be a point when the humans can step away and
         | let the algorithm run the ship. It just seems like, at the
         | absolute best, normal human management with extra steps.
        
           | kjhughes wrote:
           | You're right: continuous refinement will indeed have to
           | continue indefinitely.
           | 
           | This is true with and without policy automation because
           | policy itself has to evolve to address, as you say, a
           | changing world, as well as the organization's changing goals
           | and its outlook on the effectiveness of the existing policy
           | in meeting those goals.
        
         | brundolf wrote:
         | Totally disagree. No system of rules could ever handle all the
         | obscure edge-cases that humans can. Just look to all the Google
         | account automated-flagging issues that pop up on HN, for
         | reference.
         | 
         | What could maybe work is an automated system for the "easy
         | 90%", paired with an appeals system well-staffed by human
         | beings. But that isn't Amazon's plan (or Google's, etc),
         | because that 10% will cost much more than the first 90%, so
         | it's easier for them to just write it off as a loss. And at
         | their scale, that margin of error translates to thousands of
         | potentially-ruined lives.
        
           | kjhughes wrote:
           | If no system of rules can ever cover the policy space, then
           | the policy itself is necessarily ill-defined. That alone is a
           | problem before automation considerations. I'm arguing that
           | automation provides the opportunity to make good, open
           | assessment part of a process of improvement rather than
           | opaquely driving firings.
        
             | brundolf wrote:
             | > then the policy itself is necessarily ill-defined
             | 
             | I'm saying no policy could ever be defined well enough to
             | cover all possible contingencies of a messy, human world.
             | The conceit that it could is one of the biggest driving
             | factors of our nascent tech-dystopia.
             | 
             | An open policy would of course be better than a closed
             | policy, if only because it would lay bare all of its flaws,
             | but even then it could never be completely _fixed_.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Often in Amazon's case it's not about the policy as written
         | it's about trying to break the law.
         | 
         | Laying people off is very expensive. However, constantly fire
         | people at random and you can quickly grow and shrink your
         | workforce for free!
        
       | smoldesu wrote:
       | Meanwhile, they're also relentlessly sending me (and many others)
       | ads about how great of an employer they are. I suspect that the
       | labor shortage is going to hit Amazon the hardest here.
        
         | rxhernandez wrote:
         | Yeah, there isn't a chance in hell I would work for Amazon for
         | the foreseeable future. I have plenty of opportunity with
         | employers who pay me to live a comfortable lifestyle and treat
         | me well.
        
           | metalliqaz wrote:
           | you would if you had a car payment due that you couldn't pay
        
             | ebiester wrote:
             | There is a difference between developers, who today have
             | many options, and those who are affected.
             | 
             | I, as a developer, would not choose to work at Amazon
             | because of how those who are affected are treated. That is
             | because I have options.
             | 
             | I do not blame anyone who has to take a position there due
             | to their economic position. That is not the general
             | position of people talking here, though.
        
               | rxhernandez wrote:
               | Yes, this is exactly what I intended to say. I should
               | have said that they also need to treat other employees
               | well too but I fell asleep shortly thereafter.
               | 
               | I'm not comfortable working for any company who treats
               | any of their employees like garbage.
        
         | shadilay wrote:
         | Don't worry, Amazon will just buy up every other company and
         | then you will have no other choice.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-06-28 23:01 UTC)