[HN Gopher] World's first lab-grown meat facility pumps out 5k b...
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       World's first lab-grown meat facility pumps out 5k burgers per day
        
       Author : hochmartinez
       Score  : 221 points
       Date   : 2021-06-28 11:42 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.slashgear.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.slashgear.com)
        
       | shaunregenbaum wrote:
       | I worked in this lab! Would be glad to answer questions.
        
         | kadonoishi wrote:
         | From a comment above,
         | 
         | > But you have to feed the cells. And you can't just grow some
         | plants and feed it to the cells, you have to manufacture a very
         | precise blend of chemicals (amino acids, sugars, surfactants,
         | antioxidants, etc.) at >99% purity for each one. Often
         | extremely nasty solvents are involved in the production
         | process. Usually, some sort of petroleum product is a
         | feedstock.
         | 
         | How would you assess these statements?
        
           | shaunregenbaum wrote:
           | I would say that's quite ridiculous. While the serum is very
           | important when experimenting, later on the goal is to grow
           | the cells serum-free (from what I understand). These types of
           | cells would die from any high exposure to petroleum...
        
         | Mvhsz wrote:
         | Have you tried it? How was it?
        
           | shaunregenbaum wrote:
           | I haven't tried it personally (I worked in a different part
           | of the lab), but I've been told that its pretty
           | indistinguishable from ground chicken/beef.
        
         | deegles wrote:
         | Is it just meat or also fat? How does the nutritional content
         | compare to say beef liver or a regular steak?
        
           | shaunregenbaum wrote:
           | The main IP in the lab is replicating the fat + other stuff
           | in meat. It compares to average ground beef by design.
        
         | Trufa wrote:
         | Is it only burger style meat? Grinded? Or are they trying to
         | replicate the shape and consistency of a steak too?
        
           | shaunregenbaum wrote:
           | Future Meat is focused on ground meat/chicken products. There
           | are other companies in Israel focused on more refined
           | products, check out Aleph Farms. More refined products are
           | wildly more expensive though as you can't easily grow it in
           | vats.
        
       | spywaregorilla wrote:
       | The price seems to be ~$3.90 to produce chicken breast. Given
       | that I regularly find chicken breast in a store for $1.99, I'll
       | assume that's still ~3x as costly as just farm raising chickens.
       | It will be interesting if subsidies can change this though. The
       | negative externalities of raising animals must be huge. The jobs
       | tied up in these industries are enormous as well though.
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | That makes it cheaper than many of the vegan substitutes I've
         | seen. It means that even without subsidies, this is
         | economically viable, not in the future but right now (unlike
         | the $20000 burgers that I've seen mentioned a few years ago).
        
         | wintermutestwin wrote:
         | >The price seems to be ~$3.90 to produce chicken breast. Given
         | that I regularly find chicken breast in a store for $1.99
         | 
         | $2 Chicken is non-organic. Organic is ~$5 at Costco.
        
         | EspadaV9 wrote:
         | 3x the price isn't too bad. Plant based "meat" is usually a bit
         | more expensive than regular meat, and for some people paying 3x
         | to get "real" meat without the need to kill an animal will be a
         | worthwhile trade. Add in the environmental benefits too and it
         | could give some people some peace of mind.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | 3x not to torture chickens for their short lifespan in
           | horrific conditions is worth it even if you're not a moral
           | vegan. The poultry industry is horrendous, and dominated by
           | demands of corporate boards rather then farmers to boot.
           | 
           | I already try to buy free range, but the grim reality is that
           | label can't possibly account for the amount of production it
           | supposedly represents. Taking chickens with nervous systems
           | out of the entire process is preferable.
        
             | justsid wrote:
             | This is where I fall on the topic as well, and I think so
             | do many others. This seems like an easy way to bootstrap
             | and scale this, start with a premium on the product pricing
             | and have people who can afford it fund the scaling. At the
             | end, economies of scale will bring the price down for the
             | rest.
             | 
             | I can also totally see people buying this occasionally to
             | supplement their regular meat consumptions.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | 5k burgers a day is a long way from mass production. It seems
         | completely reasonable to expect a 70-90% price drop from scale.
         | Until then selling at a premium to people who love meat but
         | don't want animals slaughtered seems like a viable.
         | 
         | Where things get interesting is if it actually becomes cheaper
         | than farm grown meat. Over half of all farm land is devoted to
         | meat production, even a 50% switch to lab meat would have
         | dramatic knock on effects. On possibility is a dramatic
         | increase in bio fuel production.
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | I love meat, and don't have a problem with eating slaughtered
           | animals, but I still might pay a premium for these kinds of
           | products if the environmental benefits hold up and the taste
           | is close enough. I think there's a massive premium market.
           | Even more so if they can start producing speciality products
           | that are "better" than real meat along some other axis (e.g.
           | embedded flavourings; more perfect distribution of fat etc.)
        
         | mrinterweb wrote:
         | $3.90 is an incredible drop in price considering what it was
         | just a couple years ago. I'm certain the price will come down
         | more as more competition and the technology improves. At the
         | rate the price is falling for lab-grown meat, I'd be surprised
         | if it is not cheaper than animal meat in a couple years.
         | https://vegnews.com/2019/7/price-of-lab-grown-meat-to-plumme...
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | There are quite good predictions for each meat type to be
         | disrupted by cheaper vegan alternatives in the future, but
         | what's consistent is that it will happen in the next 10-20
         | years.
        
         | trainsplanes wrote:
         | I see free range chicken breasts for way more than that. If
         | they're targeting the consumers who buy based on ethics,
         | they've already reached a not-unreasonable price.
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | It's possible, but I think that is a very difficult market to
           | compete in. I'd wager most ethically minded buyers are
           | wealthy enough to prefer buying free range organic chicken
           | breast than lab grown meat, if they're purchasing meat at
           | all. The long term play for this is almost certainly at
           | beating factory farms on price, which has an added benefit of
           | ethical and environmental gains.
           | 
           | If economies of scale exist, this is a no brainer investment
           | opportunity. I wouldn't be concerned at all about their
           | current price dynamics and need to earn a short term return.
        
             | edanm wrote:
             | > I'd wager most ethically minded buyers are wealthy enough
             | to prefer buying free range organic chicken breast than lab
             | grown meat.
             | 
             | I would easily pay more for lab grown chicken. Partly
             | because I believe it's even more ethical, partly because I
             | really don't trust so-called "free range organic" chicken
             | (I already buy it when I can, but I expect the difference
             | is minuscule).
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | Would you do so if it was cheaper to purchase from a
               | local farmshare? Because it probably would be. I think I
               | would not.
        
               | edanm wrote:
               | Yes, I think so. I mean, I'm not totally clear on the
               | ethics of raising animals in a farmshare, but I am clear
               | that the lab-grown meat is totally fine ethically, so
               | I'll do that.
               | 
               | (To be clear, I eat meat now, but as far as I'm aware
               | there's no easy way for me as a consumer to consume only
               | meat from non-factory-farming methods.)
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure that the poultry industry is already receiving
         | major agricultural subsidies to get to that price.
        
           | Falling3 wrote:
           | Yep. Animal ag is both directly and indirectly subsidized
           | pretty heavily in the US. If we removed their subsidies and
           | moved them to lab grown meat, the economics work out in favor
           | of the latter much sooner.
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | That's almost certainly true, in the very least in the form
           | of corn subsidies for feed. My point was more that there are
           | millions of jobs in the poultry industry alone. This is an
           | existential threat to an enormous job market. One that is
           | likely to become very messy. I think the US will struggle
           | greatly to embrace this quickly, but nations that don't have
           | large farming populations have a huge incentive to create a
           | strong lab grown meat industry and export it. Very big
           | economic opportunity, as well as another impending wave of
           | poverty and irrelevance for traditional players.
        
           | xjlin0 wrote:
           | Not only benefits from human economical point of view, but
           | traditional farming also help environment in certain area.
           | Animals convert plants (grass and beans from solar energy) to
           | manure for benefiting soil. It's human that didn't evenly
           | distribute it well. Lab-grown meat doesn't have that yet.
           | 
           | ps. Not comparing wild ecology to human farming, just
           | comparing traditional farming with lab-grown tech here.
        
         | Avtomatk wrote:
         | > I'll assume that's still ~3x as costly as just farm raising
         | chickens.
         | 
         | 3x? it's not even double
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | I'll assume you missed the fact that this is the store price
           | vs the cost price.
           | 
           | If you can buy a chicken breast for $1.99 in a store then the
           | actual _cost_ for the meat is probably close to 80c-$1.20
        
       | t0mbstone wrote:
       | This is kind of a weird question, but how exactly does anyone
       | prove that this is actually lab grown meat and isn't just normal
       | meat that has been turned into meat paste and then sold for twice
       | as much as normal meat?
       | 
       | I mean, obviously, they wouldn't do this at first. They would
       | wait until everyone was complacent and used to eating lab grown
       | meat before they started supplementing their production.
       | 
       | As long as creating lab-grown meat is more expensive than growing
       | real animals and butchering them, there will be an economic
       | incentive for this sort of fraud.
        
         | gentleman11 wrote:
         | What is lab grown meat? Is it alive? Are there any nerves? Does
         | it just absorb nutrients in a pasty vat? Is there skin? Does it
         | get cancer if you left it too long on there? Can you get it to
         | soak up extra nutrients or make new meat types?
        
           | t0mbstone wrote:
           | I want to know the answers to these questions, too!
        
         | edanm wrote:
         | The economic reason for brands is exactly to develop trust.
         | 
         | But also (and quite possibly more importantly), there is a
         | _lot_ of government oversight and regulation when it comes to
         | food.
         | 
         | And also also, people could sue for fraud.
        
         | madacol wrote:
         | The promise is that it should eventually be cheaper than normal
         | meat, otherwise they'll fail
        
           | t0mbstone wrote:
           | Realistically, even fake meat sold as "lab grown" could be
           | cheaper than normal meat if what they are doing is turning
           | low quality meat into paste and forming it into shapes and
           | stuff.
        
         | AnotherGoodName wrote:
         | You can ask this about a lot of foods. How do you know your
         | baby formula isn't just crushed white building material mixed
         | with water? (This happened btw, see melamine baby formula).
         | 
         | In the end big conspiracies like this leak out since there's a
         | lot of employees in the supply chain and trust in the brand is
         | broken. The Chinese go out of their way to buy Australian and
         | New Zealand branded baby formula to this day because trust in
         | their own local brands was destroyed.
         | 
         | So this is unlikely. Possible and similar short sighted things
         | have occurred in management before (see Boeing) but it would be
         | ridiculously poor management to let something like this happen.
        
       | bronzeage wrote:
       | Another interesting part of it is that it might be able to
       | produce kosher pork meat. The reason pork is forbidden is because
       | it's not possible to slaughter pork in a kosher way, but if no
       | animal dies, it might be kosher.
        
       | OJFord wrote:
       | I'm excited for these to be readily available and around normal
       | meat pricing - but articles never seem to show any photos. I'm
       | really curious how they actually 'grow' it, what sort of form it
       | takes, and then what the final product texture is like or how
       | versatile it is.
       | 
       | For example, the '5k burgers' figure comes from dividing the mass
       | produced by some nominal figure for a burger. But is it actually
       | mince they're producing? Is it minceable meat that could also be
       | sold as steaks or .. 'joints' or 'ribs' (-like meat without
       | there, presumably, ever being a bone)? Are they (expecting to be)
       | able to differentiate different cuts, sirloin, rump, etc. that
       | are pretty different when naturally grown?
       | 
       | Or is it just a sort of vague meaty thing that you can have in
       | whatever shape you want, but is pretty homogeneous, and like an
       | 'average' chunk of meat, or whichever piece they sampled for it
       | initially?
        
         | armchairhacker wrote:
         | It looks like the lab-grown meat looks indistinguishable from
         | real meat. They've even got salmon sashimi with the texture of
         | real salmon. (source: captions in
         | https://www.fooddive.com/news/cell-based-meat-plants-come-
         | on...)
         | 
         | I doubt it tastes indistinguishable though, from hearing other
         | reports of tasting lab-grown meat.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | Oh wow, I hadn't heard of it being done with fish, that's
           | great. Just earlier today I was looking at my (frankly
           | ridiculous) dill crop and wondering what to use it with that
           | isn't salmon.
        
         | awillen wrote:
         | The cuts are exactly what I wonder. Burgers seem like the easy
         | starting point for the same reason that the Impossibles of the
         | world started with them - the texture is fairly easy to
         | achieve.
         | 
         | But I would think here that it would be possible to grow
         | specific cuts - start with pluripotent stem cells and get them
         | to develop into the right thing. Whether or not that's what
         | they're doing now isn't clear, and I'd love to know if that's a
         | short step from burgers or a huge leap.
         | 
         | Then beyond that, I wonder if all steaks will end up being A5
         | wagyu grade. Is it more difficult to grow a steak that's more
         | vs. less marbled with fat?
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | I wonder why they're doing beef. I would have assumed a
       | lion/woolly mammoth/T-Rex burger would have a much bigger market
       | and markup.
        
       | torcete wrote:
       | How do they prevent infections without an immune system?
        
         | mattwest wrote:
         | sterile environments
        
       | wuschel wrote:
       | Really cool they made it happen. I looked at the topic years ago,
       | and was pushed away from serum (e.g. FBS) costs, and potential PR
       | backlash coming from using genetic modification or cell line
       | immortalizion to decrease unit costs. Alas, they seem to have
       | done it w/o these modifications. I need to crawl into their
       | patents.
       | 
       | There are clear advantages to produce animal protein via
       | biotechnology, although I wonder if the formulation of more
       | complex end product's (e.g. a bio identical steak) will be doable
       | within the cost frame.
       | 
       | I love how they made the PR in the whole industry: very
       | ideologic, almost like Apple. I wonder how the acceptance rate
       | will be. Interesting times for pharmers.
       | 
       | At the end, it is just another technology leap like the Haber
       | Bosch Process. Sustainable management of resources and human
       | population control is what really counts.
        
         | bckr wrote:
         | I would also like to express pure excitement for this
         | development.
        
       | bayesian_horse wrote:
       | The problem with most lab-grown meat currently is that it still
       | requires fetal bovine serum, which you need to kill cows for...
        
         | djrogers wrote:
         | FTA: >At this point, the facility is already able to produce
         | lamb, chicken, and pork products without using genetic
         | modification or animal serum. Future Meat says that it will
         | soon also be able to start production on beef, too.
         | 
         | So seems like they've solved that little conundrum.
        
       | obiefernandez wrote:
       | I worry that if the premium for lab grown meat is high enough,
       | we'll eventually have unethical actors selling real meat as fake
       | meat (with no easy way for the consumer to tell the difference.)
        
       | rglover wrote:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eCeX0oN4uw
        
       | yawaworht1978 wrote:
       | Does this meat have the same nutritional value, as in percentage
       | of proteins and fats? Same taste as the real thing?
        
       | marcus_holmes wrote:
       | I always wonder about the morality questions. This is like a lab
       | experiment for subjective morality.
       | 
       | For the sake of the experiment, let's assume the sci-fi writers
       | are right, and eating animals will eventually be considered
       | immoral. This is an extreme stance at the moment (hello PETA) but
       | let's assume it will eventually be accepted as the only moral
       | stance.
       | 
       | How long will it be between the introduction of lab-grown meat
       | until killing animals for food is banned? Is this a generational
       | thing (so older people still consider eating animals to be
       | acceptable, while younger people do not), or is it a country-wide
       | thing (countries move to ban eating animals one by one, driven by
       | a general shift in moral attitude), or what? How does this change
       | in morality propagate through society?
       | 
       | Will we get to the point where statues of now-famous people are
       | pulled down because they ate animals? Assuming some variant of
       | "cancel culture" exists then, will that act retroactively and
       | currently-lionised people get cancelled because they are
       | carnivores, even though the current culture that they exist in
       | considers it acceptable?
       | 
       | Will we see clever re-interpretations of religious texts dealing
       | with the eating of animals? Will we get religious divisions
       | between different interpretations? Will some people refuse to
       | accept the general moral stance on eating animals because their
       | religious text says it's acceptable? How does this interaction
       | between objective religious morality and subjective secular
       | morality work?
       | 
       | It's going to be really interesting to watch this unfold.
        
         | jalk wrote:
         | And then the Synthianians will appear - that's the ones only
         | eating lab grown food, since plants are living beings as well
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | That's interesting, I've not heard that term before, thanks
           | :)
           | 
           | So if you assume that at some point in the future everyone
           | becomes Synthianian (Synthian?) for moral reasons, is it
           | immoral to eat plants now?
        
             | sound1 wrote:
             | I would say it is less immoral to be a vegetarian because
             | you only kill the plant instead of killing an animal that
             | killed and ate the plant ;-)
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | I think "meat from animals" will quickly become considered
         | higher quality, or luxury.
         | 
         | We can kind-of see this now with seafood, where "wild caught"
         | is more expensive than farmed.
        
           | mythrwy wrote:
           | Maybe for the near term.
           | 
           | For the longer term I'd think it would be more like
           | cannibalism which humanity likely widely engaged in early on
           | but very few would even consider today.
           | 
           | Just gross and icky and "you'd eat an animal!!!??"
           | (disclaimer, I eat lots of meat).
        
           | toxik wrote:
           | I'm not so sure about that. Lab grown meat has the potential
           | of offering consistent quality at consistent prices,
           | something that's hard to do in fish farms. You're still
           | breeding animals, but far from their natural habitat and far
           | from their natural diet -- with lab grown meat, the equation
           | changes in that sense.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | That's the theory, but in practice, lab/factory meat will
             | become (much?) cheaper than 'natural' meat, so even if in
             | terms of flavor and consistency there is no difference
             | (which I doubt), 'organic' meat will be positioned as the
             | luxury product.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | It will take a while for lab-grown meat to match the
               | variety available for regular meat, especially on the
               | high-end market. Consider a steak, and how many cuts of
               | steak there are from the same animal: T-bone, filet
               | mignon, ribeye, flank, brisket.. the list goes on and on.
               | Then within that, there are different breeds and styles
               | of beef, like veal or Wagyu. Then on top of that you even
               | have alternative species altogether, like lamb, which
               | also have different styles and cuts. Lab-grown might
               | eventually catch up but there's a lot of ground to cover.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Lab-grown meat can _exceed that_ thought.
               | 
               | You can make cuts that are bigger than they currently can
               | be. You can adjust composition, fat content, potentially
               | embed flavourings directly into the meat, or combine
               | types of meat, or create types of meat that doesn't even
               | exist today.
               | 
               | So I'm sure it will take time, but there's also a fairly
               | good chance what will win people over will be that it'll
               | be possible to provide products that just doesn't exist
               | from "natural" sources.
        
               | scoopertrooper wrote:
               | Man made diamonds greatly exceed the quality of the ones
               | dug up from the ground, yet there is still a strong
               | natural diamond market.
               | 
               | People just form an emotional attachment to 'natural'
               | things.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Yes, but how long will that persist for diamonds?
               | 
               | I also think this is a lot less likely to happen with
               | meat. With diamonds part of the value is in signalling
               | status. As such there is little incentive for customers
               | to want to participate in driving down the price.
               | 
               | With lab-grown meat there will eventually be a number of
               | outright benefits.
        
               | Falling3 wrote:
               | I think you're ultimately right, but let's not forget
               | food has historically been used to signal status as much
               | as anything else.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | To an extent, but you can do that with lab-grown meat
               | too, by producing "limited edition" meats that are
               | arbitrarily exclusive. Want a steak that is "designed
               | molecule by molecule" by a top chef? That'll cost you.
        
         | esens wrote:
         | > How long will it be between the introduction of lab-grown
         | meat until killing animals for food is banned? Is this a
         | generational thing (so older people still consider eating
         | animals to be acceptable, while younger people do not), or is
         | it a country-wide thing (countries move to ban eating animals
         | one by one, driven by a general shift in moral attitude), or
         | what? How does this change in morality propagate through
         | society?
         | 
         | Just because they ate meat? Maybe not, but they may not look
         | kindly on those that did large scale killing with less than
         | humane practices. I could see this individuals being more
         | likely to be "Cancelled."
         | 
         | Maybe those that fought vegans or fought against animal rights
         | activities?
         | 
         | Those opposing change for the better or were active
         | participants in things we in the future see as bad.
         | 
         | Remember that most people cancelled were active participants,
         | rather than passive bystanders going with the flow.
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | True. We tend to cancel slave traders rather than slave
           | owners, because if we were to cancel the slave owners then
           | we'd have to cancel a _lot_ of people.
           | 
           | I should clarify. I'm not criticising cancel culture. I'm
           | interested in how the shift in morality happens and how it
           | propagates, and what that means for us now. Is morality
           | retroactive? Am I an immoral person because I eat meat, even
           | though it's common practise now?
        
             | buu700 wrote:
             | I wouldn't be surprised if this nuance were lost in the
             | hypothetical future cancel culture, but I think anyone
             | giving careful consideration to present circumstances would
             | realize the terrible choice we all have to make.
             | 
             | It's easy to judge someone for complicity in the mass
             | murder of countless animals when you have the luxury of
             | having been saved from that choice by more advanced
             | technology.
        
               | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
               | >I wouldn't be surprised if this nuance were lost in the
               | hypothetical future cancel culture, but I think anyone
               | giving careful consideration to present circumstances
               | would realize the terrible choice we all have to make.
               | 
               | It already is lost among many people today so that's not
               | a stretch in the slightest. There are an egregious amount
               | of people that use the morality of the present to judge
               | the decisions of the past when the whole system and
               | culture was different. All simply because these people
               | were spoon-fed and told "this is bad because of 'x'"
               | without explaining from a mindset of why people thought
               | the way they did at the time. I mean the simple fact that
               | there is a concept of "leftism" is enough to state that
               | there is an ideology that someone can measure you against
               | on how "woke" you may or may not be. It's exactly no
               | different than the Catholic church setting up a mock
               | trial to determine if you are a heretic! Except it's not
               | a centralized theology. But clearly it has enough
               | adherence that there are some aristocrats that are
               | willing to kowtow to the belief system.
        
         | jl6 wrote:
         | It might turn out to be easy to get to a lab-grown product that
         | is 90% as good as natural, but the last 10% could be tricky.
         | 
         | There are countless examples of products where competitors have
         | tried to approach the quality of a market-leader, and _almost_
         | got there, but not quite.
         | 
         | Meat is also a good example of a product where humans are
         | exceptionally good at detecting minor variances in quality.
         | Objectively speaking, these are variances that shouldn't
         | matter, but somehow xkcd 915 still emerges.
        
         | akoncius wrote:
         | > Will we get to the point where statues of now-famous people
         | are pulled down because they ate animals?
         | 
         | Could you tell me any case where statue of famous people were
         | pulled down because they used cotton products made by slaves?
         | 
         | eating meat is not equal to agitating for keeping slavery. so I
         | think meat eaters are safe :)
         | 
         | on the other hand, hardcore people who insist on killing
         | animals without consideration for alternatives could be
         | condemned later after 50 years or something, but I think it's
         | fine. bigger problem is when people keep insisting on immoral
         | things without consideration of alternatives.
         | 
         | overall it's really interesting to see such a big focus on
         | "cancel culture" in this comment.
        
         | doitLP wrote:
         | Probably so. But one thing is for sure. We'll soon start seeing
         | an apparent grassroots movement against lab grown meat,
         | complete with talking points about its dubious manufacturing
         | process and how it's actually _more_ unsanitary and now that we
         | mention it morally questionable than good ol beef /chicken/pork
        
         | xbaq wrote:
         | It is not a generational issue. Sometimes it seems like the
         | Internet thinks that all the *isms have been invented after
         | 2010. Studying newspapers or TV shows from the 1970s easily
         | refutes that assumption.
         | 
         | Also, there is no correlation between goodness and
         | vegetarianism:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler_and_vegetarianism
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | So, firstly, this:
           | 
           | > For the sake of the experiment, let's assume the sci-fi
           | writers are right, and eating animals will eventually be
           | considered immoral.
           | 
           | Also, is it vegetarianism if you only eat lab-grown meat?
           | It's still meat, right, so you're still not vegetarian. Or is
           | it the "not eating animals" that makes you a vegetarian now?
           | 
           | I tend to think that (e.g.) Iain M Banks is right, and that
           | eventually eating animals will be considered immoral (and not
           | the same as vegetarianism). You may disagree, and that's fine
           | - everyone has an opinion.
           | 
           | The interesting question is not whether the future will
           | consider this immoral, but whether if it becomes immoral in
           | the future that applies retroactively and makes it immoral
           | now? Does morality change over time, or regardless of time?
           | 
           | I grew up in the '70's so I've seen the change in morality
           | first-hand, but that all kinda caught us by surprise. It's
           | going to be interesting being more aware of the change in
           | morality around this.
        
             | Noos wrote:
             | Why people take SF authors seriously about the future is
             | beyond me. It's just people wishing for things. Part of the
             | reason I stopped reading it is that it was so apparent that
             | people used "the future" as a synonym for "Narnia" to tell
             | their own stories or moral fables, and yet dated themselves
             | tremendously and guessed wrong. They were more dishonest
             | because they tried to make plausible magic, kings, and
             | wizards instead of just realizing what they were asking for
             | pretty much required it.
             | 
             | The culture has about as much chance of coming into
             | existence as the fact that we discover unicorns. So why
             | should we take him seriously?
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | You're completely right - SF is not about the future, in
               | the same way that Narnia is not about wardrobes. It's an
               | allegory about current society. Not trying to predict the
               | future, but taking current trends and seeing where they
               | go. The point is not really about guessing right or
               | wrong, but making commentary on our current society and
               | getting us to consider choices we may have to make.
               | 
               | Banks himself said that the Culture has no chance of
               | being created by actual humans, that people would need to
               | change in order to create it. But as a thought experiment
               | for "what would a technological Utopia actually look
               | like?" I think it's a very valuable contribution. There
               | are very few Utopias that I've read about that I would
               | actually want to live in - the Culture is probably the
               | most attractive of any of them.
               | 
               | In this respect, the advent of lab-grown meat does pose
               | the question of whether it's morally acceptable to eat
               | animals. As far as I'm aware, only SF authors have
               | considered this, because that's the kind of thing they
               | do. A technological change has triggered a moral
               | conundrum - this is the stuff that good SF ponders. It's
               | not necessary to get the details of the technology right,
               | or to correctly predict it. It's enough to get us
               | thinking about this stuff _before_ it happens.
        
             | rhn_mk1 wrote:
             | > Or is it the "not eating animals" that makes you a
             | vegetarian now?
             | 
             | That's the point of ethical veganism/vegetarianism, yes.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | So will you still be a "ethical vegetarian" if you eat
               | lab-grown meat?
        
               | rhn_mk1 wrote:
               | I know people self-describing as ethical vegans who
               | eagerly await it. It sounds like a clear "yes" to me.
        
         | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
         | For those that want to consume some amusing fiction on this I'd
         | recommend the BBC mockumentary Carnage.
        
         | datavirtue wrote:
         | Cancel culture will always exist. I learned that Hitler
         | identified it as an essential method for success in
         | establishing a political party (Rise and Fall of the Third
         | Reich). He employed it extensively and discovered it through
         | analyzing the success of the socialists--which he hated and was
         | seeking to displace.
         | 
         | Whatever you call it, it is just highly obnoxious behavior that
         | uses rethoric to defame the target. It works and people will
         | use it until it doesn't.
        
           | dale_glass wrote:
           | Hitler also was a vegetarian and really liked his dog.
           | 
           | Anyway, after Hitler blew his brains out, he was "canceled",
           | and that went just fine. It's a tool that works for positive
           | ends just as well.
        
         | Noos wrote:
         | It won't be accepted. If anything it probably will be treated
         | like veganism, which is mostly moral grandstanding. People who
         | consume boutique products to show their virtue. A lot of us
         | simply don't lose sleep over the suffering of factory animals,
         | in the same way we didn't lose sleep over the starving kids in
         | china our mothers used to berate us about when we didn't finish
         | our vegetables. That doesn't mean we constantly try to make
         | things like a hellscape, but you can try and treat everyone
         | morally and not get in a tizzy over "someone is being oppressed
         | somewhere! See! Our moral guardians of the media are showing
         | us!" The idea of telescopic philanthropy and being a Mrs
         | Jellyby needs to be remembered.
         | 
         | If it got to the point where it was mandated, we'd probably be
         | in some form of dystopia where everything was in the pursuit of
         | either survival (animals no longer exist or are possible to
         | eat) or sort of a planned world where our governing or elite
         | classes mandate their virtue on everyone, and it would lead to
         | a lot more lifestyle changing that not eating meat. I think the
         | latter is fairly likely, China for example seems to be doing
         | pretty well at a basic form of that.
        
           | ainiriand wrote:
           | Your comment starts presenting an interesting debate but you
           | steer towards some kind of partisanism or tribalism that is
           | quite stange to witness.
           | 
           | You do not need to hear any kind of moral guardian to do and
           | conduct yourself knowing that every single person is
           | responsible of the actions they make and though I am not
           | responsible for those starving children I am responsible for
           | many of the atrocities commited for the burgers I ate.
           | 
           | It is not about virtue, it is taking responsibility of your
           | own actions and checking your own ethic to decide if it is
           | correct or not.
        
             | Noos wrote:
             | It's not partisan in the sense of right or left, the
             | "starving kids in china" was pretty much the same thing on
             | the right. Jellyby was definitely a moral conservative, and
             | victorianism is surprisingly bi-partian. Usually its the
             | fashions of the rich, if anything. HN in particular is
             | unaware of how they imitate it, with the sudden rediscovery
             | of Stoicism and Aurelius a bit much.
             | 
             | I don't agree that easting meat is an atrocity. I think it
             | devalues words to use them like that. I think a lot of
             | veganism is the same reaction to the existence of suffering
             | a lot of religions have had or deal with; it's a form of
             | going to the desert as a monk or mystic to escape the
             | contradictions of the world. That is up to everyone, but
             | the difference here is the monks want to make the entire
             | world the desert now.
        
         | MisterBastahrd wrote:
         | I think it's going to be interesting simply because in order to
         | ban killing of animals for food, we're going to have to almost
         | genocide livestock in order to make their continued existence
         | feasible.
        
           | bserge wrote:
           | People didn't seem too fussed about the mink mass killed
           | because some were infected with Covid. "Had to be done" works
           | every time.
        
         | mdasen wrote:
         | > eating animals will eventually be considered immoral. This is
         | an extreme stance at the moment (hello PETA)
         | 
         | There are a lot more vegetarians and vegans than just PETA. It
         | looks like around 5% of the US and hitting 10% in many
         | countries
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country). Many
         | parts of India have very high vegetarian rates.
         | 
         | > How long will it be between the introduction of lab-grown
         | meat until killing animals for food is banned?
         | 
         | I doubt that it will be about banning animal meat anytime soon.
         | However, I think we might see many countries start to tax the
         | environmental cost of meat which will make it quite expensive.
         | This is unlikely in the US, but I could certainly see it in
         | many countries whose politics are different.
         | 
         | > Will we get to the point where statues of now-famous people
         | are pulled down because they ate animals? Assuming some variant
         | of "cancel culture" exists then
         | 
         | I think this isn't a useful thought right now and just feeds
         | into the "cancel culture gone mad" ideas. Few people have been
         | canceled. Yea, Harvey Weinstein has been canceled...for rape.
         | Kevin Spacey has been canceled...because of sexual assault
         | against underage boys. Most people who seem to complain about
         | being canceled are sitting on Fox News taking home giant
         | paychecks. Tons of people encouraged riots at the Capitol and
         | are making millions off it.
         | 
         | Yes, at some point in the very distant future, we might decide
         | that killing animals for food isn't an acceptable behavior. A
         | hundred years ago, a man couldn't be guilty of raping his wife.
         | 200 years ago, a lot of people owned slaves. 60 years ago we
         | had racial segregation. 40 years ago, it was acceptable to say
         | that gay people deserved to die from AIDS. Things change.
         | 
         | But it's not like it's going to happen overnight. It's not like
         | 2017 came along and Harvey Weinstein was like, "omg, is rape
         | wrong now? Things change so quickly and I didn't know!"
         | Attitudes will probably change over decades or centuries.
         | 
         | Like, we've spent hundreds of years getting to the point of
         | "Black people are equal and you shouldn't be racist" and people
         | still often aren't getting canceled for racism. I've seen posts
         | of police officers covering up explicitly racist tattoos saying
         | that in the current climate they feel like they need to be
         | careful. It's been over half a century since the Civil Rights
         | Movement, but now they're like, "oh, I guess I might get in
         | trouble for being explicitly racist in a position of power."
         | The idea that someone would be canceled for eating an animal in
         | our lifetime seems unlikely. It certainly won't happen as some
         | surprise.
         | 
         | > Will we see clever re-interpretations of religious texts
         | dealing with the eating of animals?
         | 
         | In Judaism, a lot of people hold the belief that we won't eat
         | animals in the messianic era (when the messiah comes). People
         | are only allowed to eat animals because Noah saved them from
         | the flood. Before the flood, people weren't allowed to eat
         | animals. Part of the messianic era is that it's supposed to be
         | how the world is meant to be.
         | 
         | This idea isn't a left-wing Jewish idea either. I would note
         | that it's not widely known in the Jewish world and usually more
         | known by orthodox people who do eat meat. Judaism often has a
         | lot of things that might be a little less official, but
         | nonetheless have some weight and resonance.
         | 
         | I think we also see some of this in Christian stuff. I feel
         | like Christians like Isaiah 11:6's "the lion will lie down with
         | the lamb" (yes, I know that technically that's not quite the
         | animals in the text, but it is how I often hear it said by
         | English-language Christians). I think the idea that predators
         | might not be predators in some world-to-come isn't something
         | that has to be creatively reinterpreted.
         | 
         | > Will we get religious divisions between different
         | interpretations?
         | 
         | Yes. I mean, we have religious divisions over really tiny
         | things. This is certainly larger than a lot of religious
         | divisions we've seen.
         | 
         | > Will some people refuse to accept the general moral stance on
         | eating animals because their religious text says it's
         | acceptable?
         | 
         | Do religious texts say it's acceptable? Jewish texts certainly
         | do - and they have a lot to say on how. However, rabbis have
         | modified it over the centuries. Chicken was once acceptable to
         | eat with dairy and now it isn't. I think the big thing for the
         | Jewish community would be that many rabbis would say that lab-
         | grown meat is more in the spirit of how we're supposed to live
         | combined with the fact that it's likely to be so much cheaper
         | than kosher meat tends to be. Given the likely price
         | difference, even people who might be in the "it's fine to kill
         | and eat animals as prescribed" are likely to be buying the lab-
         | grown meat simply because it will make meat accessibly priced.
         | In fact, chicken was deemed to be "fleishig" so that people
         | could have an affordable "meat" for Shabbat meals (the category
         | of "meat" from a Jewish perspective is slightly different from
         | "animal" and doesn't include fish...it's a long story outside
         | the scope of this comment). I think Judaism also evolves around
         | community standards that do change. The Bible condones all
         | sorts of capital punishments, but the rabbis rid the religion
         | of them all a long time ago.
         | 
         | I can't really speak for other religions, but if lab-grown meat
         | becomes available at a cheap price, has better food safety than
         | the current system, can offer better consistency and taste, and
         | causes slaughtered-meat to become niche and a lot more
         | expensive...even if you don't have qualms about killing
         | animals, do you want to pay for it?
         | 
         | Manufactured goods are so cheap because we can manufacture
         | them. Growing animals is hard. It requires a lot of labor, a
         | lot of land, a lot of water, a lot of carbon emissions, a lot
         | of food, etc. I'm sure there will be some market for "real"
         | meat for a long time, but it will likely get expensive.
         | Manufactured meat is likely to get pretty efficient and cheap.
         | 
         | I think it's less about whether religions will continue to
         | support killing animals and more about whether anyone will want
         | to pay for it. "Hey, here's this $1 lab-grown burger that you
         | know will be consistent and delicious and here's this $20
         | bespoke cow-slaughtered burger." The fact is that most people
         | aren't going to want to pay a premium for the cow-slaughtered
         | burger.
         | 
         | --
         | 
         | Personally, I'm a vegetarian and have been for 15 years. I'm
         | also Jewish. One thing I will note as a difference between
         | semi-religious Jews and non-Jews is the difference in meat
         | consumption. Many Jews, even if they aren't that religious,
         | still won't mix meat and dairy and many won't eat non-kosher-
         | certified meat. I have lots of friends who haven't been to a
         | religious service in years, but still kinda do this out of a
         | certain cultural thing or inertia. One of the things that this
         | means is that they often don't eat meat with most meals. Meat
         | is something they eat 2-4 times per week. By contrast, I'll
         | have lunch with non-Jews where burgers, pizza with meat
         | toppings, salads with chicken, etc. are the norm. Meat is a
         | part of almost every meal.
         | 
         | The difference isn't a moral one: my non-vegetarian Jewish
         | friends don't think eating meat is wrong. Eating meat is simply
         | _inconvenient and expensive_ for them. So they eat meat with a
         | minority of their meals. The fact is that it 's likely that
         | slaughtered-meat will become expensive and inconvenient
         | compared to manufactured-meat. Taco Bell or your local pizza
         | place isn't going to spend a lot more money on slaughtered-meat
         | if they can get a wonderful, consistent product at a cheaper
         | price.
         | 
         | Regardless of whether slaughtered-meat stops being a thing or
         | not, it will likely become a much smaller part of people's
         | diets. This will be very important as we deal with global
         | warming. Even if you're the type of person that's like, "I will
         | always love a _real_ steak on a grill and that 's going to be
         | every Saturday in the summer," the fact is that you're likely
         | to also be eating a lot of lab-meat when you grab something at
         | Burger King or getting deli-meat for sandwiches.
         | 
         | I think people like thinking about "zero", but for me lab-meat
         | is about the 90% of "well, I just wanted some meat texture and
         | protein in my meal." I'm hoping it'll take off and we'll see a
         | huge reduction of our dependence on slaughtered-meat and the
         | environmental impact it causes. I think it'll take time, but I
         | think it's hard to bet against manufacturing efficiencies.
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | Thanks for the essay :)
           | 
           | > It's not like 2017 came along and Harvey Weinstein was
           | like, "omg, is rape wrong now? Things change so quickly and I
           | didn't know!"
           | 
           | Within my lifetime (I'm in my 50's) it used to be acceptable
           | to pat girls on the bottom in public, pressure them into sex,
           | rape them if they were drunk enough to not be able to say no,
           | and a whole slew of other nasty behaviours that we now
           | rightfully consider completely unacceptable. The whole Jimmy
           | Saville thing in the UK - the stories coming out of how his
           | demands for young girls to molest as payment for gigs were
           | met by "respectable" organisations - sounds crazy now. Yes,
           | this has changed fast, and caught a lot of people by
           | surprise. I'm not defending any of them; they deserve
           | everything they got. It was always "wrong", and they knew it,
           | but society tolerated it to a certain extent so they could
           | get away with it. Until they couldn't, thankfully.
           | 
           | > Jewish texts certainly do - and they have a lot to say on
           | how.
           | 
           | Thanks for the detail, it's really interesting. I'm don't
           | have much knowledge of Jewish practices. I'm glad to hear
           | that there's some adaptability there. In most of christianity
           | there's a strong element of "god's word doesn't change" -
           | morality is unchanging and immutable, laid down in the bible.
           | There's a strong opinion that atheists cannot be moral
           | because we don't have an objective moral code to follow. This
           | is where I find the fascinating part of the religious aspect
           | - what happens when society's morals change? To a certain
           | extent we can see it with gay marriage - most of the vatican
           | is gay but the catholic church still condemns homosexuality.
           | But this is more about politics than morals - the majority of
           | catholics live in countries where homosexuality is not
           | culturally acceptable, and the church downplays the whole
           | question in countries where it is acceptable. The anglican
           | church faced this crisis a few years ago, kinda, the African
           | bishops did not want to accept gay marriage, the European and
           | American bishops politically had to.
           | 
           | But I think the eating animals question is different, as most
           | people publicly eat meat at the moment. It's not something
           | you can be "in the closet" about and pretend doesn't happen
           | (though I guess that will eventually happen - small groups
           | getting together to kill an animal and eat it secretly).
           | Which is why I think it's going to be more interesting to
           | watch. It's possible that in 30 years we'll have the whole
           | "have you ever eaten an animal?" thing going on, but I doubt
           | it because the vast majority of people have eaten animals at
           | the moment.
        
           | Noos wrote:
           | > I think we also see some of this in Christian stuff. I feel
           | like Christians like Isaiah 11:6's "the lion will lie down
           | with the lamb" (yes, I know that technically that's not quite
           | the animals in the text, but it is how I often hear it said
           | by English-language Christians). I think the idea that
           | predators might not be predators in some world-to-come isn't
           | something that has to be creatively reinterpreted.
           | 
           | There's sort of a verse that deals with it. The context is in
           | eating meat sacrificed to idols, aka immoral meat. It's not
           | clear on what that means, where it's eating meat in a
           | ceremonial service or buying meat in the marketplace that was
           | resold donations to a pagan temple. Romans 14: 1-9
           | 
           | >>Accept the one whose faith is weak, without quarreling over
           | disputable matters. One person's faith allows them to eat
           | anything, but another, whose faith is weak, eats only
           | vegetables. The one who eats everything must not treat with
           | contempt the one who does not, and the one who does not eat
           | everything must not judge the one who does, for God has
           | accepted them. Who are you to judge someone else's servant?
           | 
           | >>To their own master, servants stand or fall. And they will
           | stand, for the Lord is able to make them stand. One person
           | considers one day more sacred than another; another considers
           | every day alike. Each of them should be fully convinced in
           | their own mind. 6 Whoever regards one day as special does so
           | to the Lord. Whoever eats meat does so to the Lord, for they
           | give thanks to God; and whoever abstains does so to the Lord
           | and gives thanks to God. 7 For none of us lives for ourselves
           | alone, and none of us dies for ourselves alone. If we live,
           | we live for the Lord; and if we die, we die for the Lord. So,
           | whether we live or die, we belong to the Lord. For this very
           | reason, Christ died and returned to life so that he might be
           | the Lord of both the dead and the living.
           | 
           | I'm not Christian any more, but generally the spirit is more
           | "your brother needs to be vegan, don't convert him or argue
           | with him and do your best to strengthen his faith." Each
           | person must do what he feels God has commanded him to do in
           | his own way.
           | 
           | The new heaven and new earth is a radically different
           | experience. Its not just lion laying down with lamb, its that
           | "we shall neither marry nor be given in marriage, and be like
           | the angels" which Jesus said in answer to people disbelieving
           | in a ressurection. It's a total break from humanity in a
           | sense, and trying to emulate it has led to a lot of cults
           | engaging in self-destructive behavior.
        
         | wcoenen wrote:
         | I suspect reality will be a lot more boring.
         | 
         | Animals are a low efficiency method of converting plant
         | material into meat, both in terms of calories and protein mass
         | input/output. So with scale, eventually lab-grown meat should
         | become much cheaper than traditional meat. At the same time, it
         | will be higher quality. Sterile production will eliminate E.
         | Coli, salmonella, antibiotics... Input nutrients will be
         | tightly controlled. Environmental pollutants and parasites will
         | be kept out.
         | 
         | Traditional meat will still be available, but it will be an
         | expensive and morally questionable luxury product, like "foie
         | gras" today.
        
           | awillen wrote:
           | I think an interesting comparison is lab-grown diamonds.
           | 
           | To me (and I suspect a lot of others here on HN), the idea of
           | getting a mined diamond is just lunacy. Why on earth would I
           | pay twice as much for something that is literally the same at
           | the atomic level?
           | 
           | And yet enormous numbers of people still do. I'm lucky to
           | have a wife who is a scientist (she would've slapped me
           | upside the head if I had wasted money on a mined diamond),
           | but there are a lot of women out there who would be very
           | upset to receive a lab-grown diamond.
           | 
           | So while I very much agree with what you're saying here, and
           | it just seems crazy to me that anyone else wouldn't, I do
           | wonder what percent of folks will continue to demand "real"
           | meat even when lab-grown is superior along all dimensions.
        
           | DantesKite wrote:
           | I like the idea that capitalism will just outweigh any
           | questions of morality, because it'll be so much cheaper and
           | better than anything else.
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | You may be right.
           | 
           | There's this weird thing with some speciality produce
           | clashing with EU regulations on food prep at the moment. Not
           | to mention unpasteurised milk. It could end up in that
           | basket. Strange clubs of weirdos meeting up to butcher and
           | eat an animal, and everyone else thinking that's completely
           | disgusting.
        
           | mildavw wrote:
           | Don't forget that the flavors and textures will also be
           | optimized along the way. It will taste better to more people
           | than animal meat.
        
             | Jeff_Brown wrote:
             | And nutritional profiles! I read last year that beef
             | engineered to have more B-vitamins starts to taste like
             | fish.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | Now it is less efficient but when we needed a hedge against
           | crop failure it was essential. One large beast can be kept
           | alive by eating scrub and can subsist a large number of
           | people.
           | 
           | What we have going on right now is killing us.
        
           | runawaybottle wrote:
           | It should be added that a large portion of the world already
           | eats processed meat. That chicken in chicken broccoli isn't
           | straight chicken. We've already shown we care very little of
           | what is actually meat if you put the right sauce on it.
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | Artificial diamonds are cheaper and more pure than the real
           | thing.
        
           | iammisc wrote:
           | Animals are extremely efficient at converting inedible food
           | to edible nutrition.
           | 
           | For example, goats eat almost any plant, including many
           | natives. Unless you think humans are going to be able to eat
           | chaparral.
           | 
           | The fact is that modern edible agriculture is heavily
           | dependent on fossil fuel and mined fertilizers. Until we
           | solve that problem, it's better to stop growing too many
           | plants, let native vegetation regrow and set loose the troops
           | of goats and chickens.
           | 
           | People have this idea that plants and vegetables are
           | clean..they're not
        
             | theptip wrote:
             | I don't think your main points here are true.
             | 
             | > Animals are extremely efficient at converting inedible
             | food to edible nutrition.
             | 
             | Animals are pretty inefficient at converting plants to
             | calories, e.g. see
             | https://learn.uvm.edu/foodsystemsblog/2014/07/10/meat-vs-
             | veg...
             | 
             | Most of the energy spent getting grains to the table is in
             | transport/processing. If you just compare the production,
             | grains are way more efficient than animals.
             | 
             | Even though I'm sure goats are better than cows, they
             | aren't as efficient as plants at producing calories, and in
             | all cases you still have to process and transport them.
             | 
             | However if you've got some data showing otherwise I'm open
             | to being convinced here.
             | 
             | > Until we solve that problem, it's better to stop growing
             | too many plants
             | 
             | I think this is making perfect the enemy of the good.
             | Plants use less water, produce substantially less GHG
             | emissions, and so are still a net major win on
             | environmental terms vs. the status quo.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | > Animals are pretty inefficient at converting plants to
               | calories, e.g. see ...
               | 
               | That is not what that graph shows. That graph purports to
               | count all energy 'inputs' into the system, including
               | human labor. This is not about 'how many calories did the
               | cow / pig eat, versus what it produced'.
               | 
               | Here's an example.
               | 
               | Consider wheat grass. Both a cow and a human can eat this
               | grass. However, the human can eat the seed, the cow / pig
               | / goat can eat the entire plant. If you burn the entire
               | wheat plant, and count the calories released you will get
               | some number. Let's call it Y. If you count the calories
               | in the seed that we eat, it'll necessarily be less, let's
               | say X.
               | 
               | Ideally, if we're going to produce Y calories in the
               | grain, humans ought to be able to consume as close to Y
               | calories as possible in order to get the total benefit.
               | Since humans can only eat X, and X < Y. Then it makes
               | sense to feed Y-X calories to a low maintenance animal
               | (so not beef), and then eat the animal. This will yield
               | some number N < (Y-X) that humans can consume. This also
               | provides a complete protein, fats, and other nutrients
               | not found in grain (B12, which is not found in plants
               | period, for example, thus preventing yet another
               | synthesis process).
               | 
               | X + N < Y, but it is much closer to the actual amount of
               | energy in the grain plant than just X. And then we'd need
               | to count the energy expenditure getting the B12 and
               | Vitamin D produced and distributed as well. And then the
               | supply chain risk costs. All these things have costs that
               | never get considered.
        
             | eloff wrote:
             | This is a laudable goal, but it can't scale to the level we
             | require today, nevermind when we have 10 billion people
             | later in the century.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | Um okay... Wel then we better get ethically okay with
               | crowded pigs fed our food scraps.
               | 
               | Humans eat like 5% of the actual plant matter we harvest.
               | The rest is composted which just releases more greenhouse
               | gases. If you feed it to a pig, then you at least get
               | that car on released after feeding a human.
               | 
               | The 'plant based' push is once again feelings without
               | science.
        
             | tfehring wrote:
             | It's true that most of the food consumed by livestock isn't
             | edible by humans - [0] says 86% - but livestock are _so_
             | inefficient at converting food to edible nutrition that
             | they still generally consume more than 1 human-edible
             | Calorie per Calorie of meat produced. For cattle, _Diet for
             | a Small Planet_ [1] cites 16 Calories per edible Calorie of
             | meat and 8 grams of protein per edible gram of protein
             | produced, other sources seem to be in the same ballpark -
             | both higher than the ~7:1 ratio that 's implied by that 86%
             | figure. The ratios for chickens are better, but they also
             | generally get a much lower share of their feed from human-
             | inedible sources.
             | 
             | Also, even that 86% isn't "free" - it's not all pasturing,
             | and it takes a lot of effort, energy, and equipment to get
             | hay, inedible by-products of human-edible crops, etc. from
             | the field to animals' mouths.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.cgiar.org/news-events/news/fao-sets-the-
             | record-s...
             | 
             | [1] https://www.amazon.com/Diet-Small-Planet-20th-
             | Anniversary/dp...
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | > cites 16 Calories per edible Calorie of meat and 8
               | grams of protein per edible gram of protein produced.
               | 
               | Two things. Firstly, those are 16 Calories that would
               | otherwise quite literally go to waste. They would be
               | metabolized by bacteria, used to grow a bacterial mat in
               | a compost bin, and then be released into the air in the
               | form of CO2.
               | 
               | Secondly, I'm not sure what 8g of protein per edible gram
               | of protein produced means. Ruminants like cows convert
               | carbs and other compounds into protein by hosting gut
               | bacteria. Without a cow or chicken or something in
               | between, these amino acids would have to come from
               | somewhere else. Same with B12.
        
               | rapind wrote:
               | Don't we grow food specifically for livestock though?
               | That must consume a lot of resources (oil, water, etc). I
               | think the argument is the cut out the middle man (beef /
               | chicken) due to inefficiencies.
               | 
               | I personally suspect the real ratio is less than what's
               | being cited just because I'm a cynic, but there seems to
               | be some logic to it no?
        
               | frankus wrote:
               | > Don't we grow food specifically for livestock though?
               | 
               | I think that's the central point of this thread where
               | folks are talking past one a other.
               | 
               | In a hypothetical scenario where animals are more or less
               | only eating food that humans can't, it makes a lot of
               | sense (from an environmental if not ethical standpoint)
               | to include animals in the mix of foods people eat.
               | 
               | The impression I get is that in reality, animals grown
               | for meat consume quite a bit of human-edible food (or
               | food that could be trivially replaced with human-edible
               | varieties), although I have no idea of the actual
               | percentage.
        
             | wcoenen wrote:
             | > _animals are extremely efficient at converting inedible
             | food to edible nutrition._
             | 
             | I disagree. Average caloric and protein efficiency is
             | 7%-8%. For beef specifically, it is only 3%. I don't know
             | how efficiently a cultured meat factory could convert grass
             | into beef, but I bet it could do a better.
             | 
             | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/
             | 1...
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | This article is not about converting land from meat to
               | not-meat. It's about converting from beef to chicken.
               | 
               | No one doubts that chicken is more efficient than beef. I
               | have not argued that beef is the best animal.
        
             | BiteCode_dev wrote:
             | Most steaks come from cows than never tasted grass.
        
               | rendang wrote:
               | Citation for this??
        
               | djrogers wrote:
               | That's not how cattle are raised. Yes, most cattle are
               | finished on grain packed in a small area, but they're
               | born and raised mostly to maturity grazing on grass or
               | (eating hay where climate dictates).
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | I swear half the people responding have never driven past
               | a cattle ranch.
        
               | JoeAltmaier wrote:
               | That doesn't seem to be the norm any more. Feedlots
               | outnumber grain-fed operation.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Source? I know CAFOs are a thing, but AFAIK they're
               | typically only used in the latter half/third of a cow's
               | life.
        
             | mythrwy wrote:
             | Having eaten goat a few times I'd say a goat is still
             | pretty near inedible so there is no realized gain. Tastes
             | may vary though.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | You don't like goat? Most cultures / people love it.
        
             | Jeff_Brown wrote:
             | If you want meat at the scale we eat it at now, let alone
             | the one we'll eat it at when China and India have twice
             | their current incomes, free range isn't going to cut it.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | I don't disagree. I understand arguments for less meat.
               | What I don't understand is abolition...that's just silly
               | and a huge environmental catastrophe.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | How is it a catastrophe? Why does the environment need
               | domesticated livestock? Why does the food chain need us
               | to be a predator?
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | To be able to produce the calories currently made by meat
               | using relatively meh land, we'd have to heavily increase
               | our fertilizer use and deforestation to be able to grow
               | enough human edible plants (grains or legumes really,
               | since tubers are difficult to transport).
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | It's been my impression that eliminating meat consumption
               | would produce less need for farmland and fertilizer, not
               | more.
        
             | dividedbyzero wrote:
             | > Animals are extremely efficient at converting inedible
             | food to edible nutrition.
             | 
             | And survive in a very complex and hostile environment,
             | adapt to changing conditions, procreate, and build all the
             | structure and tissues and organs that requires. That's a
             | lot of energy that bioreactor-grown steak doesn't have to
             | expend. At scale, and with some genetic optimization thrown
             | in, can we do better? I don't know for sure, but I don't
             | think it's an impossibility, given that most of the current
             | meat supply is already grown in factories.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | Organs are edible. You should try it sometimes. They are
               | not waste products. No wonder Americans find these things
               | wasteful. In my experience, even something as simple as
               | chicken. People do not actually eat the whole thing. Half
               | of it is thrown away, just like everything else.
               | 
               | It's very strange to me, because growing up, we'd eat
               | everything. But I married into an American family, and
               | I'm often picking stuff off the bones they throw out. We
               | were raised to eat everything, even the marrow.
               | 
               | > That's a lot of energy that bioreactor-grown steak
               | doesn't have to expend
               | 
               | Sure, but the bioreactor is (1) heavily affected by
               | supply chain issues, (2) dependent on an external source
               | of energy, (3) requires complex chemical inputs that have
               | to be synthesized themselves oftentimes. No one takes
               | into account the whole thing.
               | 
               | Also, monoculture is always going to be less resilient
               | than an actual population of cattle, or pigs, or
               | chickens. But, I guess this is a problem that affects the
               | whole industry.
        
           | paulirwin wrote:
           | This is spot on. (I'm a long time vegetarian, so I've thought
           | a lot about this.) Hunting, fishing, and even specialty
           | slaughterhouses will likely continue. The economics will
           | cause mass meat production to go out of business, though.
           | Beef first, probably. Engineering can evolve much faster than
           | cows and chickens and fish can.
           | 
           | No politician, at least in the U.S. mainstream, is going to
           | commit political self-destruction by going after farmers and
           | making animal meat illegal. What will likely happen though is
           | once the big restaurant chains and grocery stores start
           | selling lab-grown meat that is better quality and cheaper
           | than animal meat, the market for cheap animal meat will dry
           | up. We'll have politicians trying to "save beef jobs" just
           | like they are trying to save coal jobs today, due to more
           | efficient and environmentally-friendly alternatives taking
           | over the market. But unlike coal, consumers can still choose
           | animal meat (you can't exactly choose your power plant), so
           | it might be a long transition due to that market demand.
           | Expect the Arby's and ilk to continue to tout how they use
           | "real meat" with hypermasculine advertising for a long time
           | to come.
        
             | Jeff_Brown wrote:
             | The ironic counter-ads will be viscious: "Be a real man!
             | Risk getting sick from one of our real burgers! Each one is
             | made from the hormone-pumped flesh of a real baby cow that
             | never knew its real mom!"
        
               | akoncius wrote:
               | "back in my days, salmonella wasn't a big deal anyway,
               | these younglins are too fragile in modern times"
        
               | gowld wrote:
               | Meat advertisting/propaganda uses "Eat natural whole
               | foods (ignoring all the unnaural things they do to the
               | animals and meat), not processed fake meat foods".
               | 
               | And to some extent, they have a point. But of course they
               | don't invite you to eat natural whole plant foods instead
               | of meat.
        
               | BTCOG wrote:
               | Here's where I'd like to insert the friendly reminder
               | that all plants are living beings. You, as a living being
               | must eat other living beings. Plants are intelligent and
               | pass information to eachother via the web of mycelium and
               | other unknown ways. Morality about eating only living
               | plants, vs eating meats has always been flawed. As were
               | the arguments about eating pescatarian and only eating
               | fish because they "are not intelligent and can't feel
               | pain." Don't fool yourself. You are eating living beings
               | and you are not on some goofy moral high horse.
        
               | hervature wrote:
               | While I agree that not eating meat for moral reasons is
               | pretty low on the list, (environmental and health reasons
               | are so much more important) your argument reads like a
               | pro-life argument. There is a clear distinction between
               | having a nervous system and "passing information" with
               | regards to intelligence. There's a reason why we send
               | people to jail for murder and not mowing their lawns.
        
               | nmz wrote:
               | So basically White Castle?
        
               | henrikschroder wrote:
               | "Think smaller. More legs."
        
               | bart_spoon wrote:
               | Sounds closer to Raw Water
        
           | Bancakes wrote:
           | Naturally, this will instill a dependency on labs and their
           | patented technologies.
           | 
           | I'm surprised I don't need a Monsanto license to bake bread
           | at home.
        
           | sireat wrote:
           | As Gibson wrote in 1984 (a few years earlier actually):
           | 
           | "`Jesus,' Molly said, her own plate empty, `gimme that. You
           | know what this costs?' She took his plate. `They gotta raise
           | a whole animal for years and then they kill it. This isn't
           | vat stuff.' She forked a mouthful up and chewed."
        
           | ericmcer wrote:
           | There will also be a visual sterility on top of the practical
           | one. For some of my friends, the idea of eating a chicken
           | drumstick with its bone and dark veins and bits of cartilage
           | makes them shudder, but they will put away a dozen processed
           | sterile looking chicken nuggets with no hesitation.
        
         | justinmchase wrote:
         | Another question is, if its banned to kill an animal for meat,
         | for various animals, how long until they go extinct? Many are
         | co-dependent on humanity for their survival at the species
         | level... Or at the very least how will it affect their
         | evolution?
        
           | falcolas wrote:
           | Good question. Another: How will the ranchland dedicated to
           | their raising be used? In Montana, where the cows outnumber
           | the people, the land they occupy is considered unfit for
           | farming, largely because it's not friendly for combines.
           | 
           | There's also the whole infrastructure and supply chain
           | dedicated to the breeding and raising of various meat
           | sources. What will happen to them?
        
             | tomjen3 wrote:
             | The businesses will be shot down when they are no longer
             | profitable. If the land has no other use it would seem
             | obvious to convert it into parks or other wild
             | preservations.
             | 
             | The big issue is the slaughterhouses, which would obviously
             | die out but which also may be the only big employeer
             | around, kinda like the steel mills used to be. The farms
             | raising feed are not likely to employ a lot of people.
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | Seems fairly straightforward to predict, since this has
             | happened dozens of times before as technology marched on:
             | with no more business for them, they'll go bankrupt and the
             | workers will eventually be assimilated into other
             | professions. Maybe there will be a small remaining industry
             | tending to hobbyists, similar to how horse shoeing and
             | buggy whip manufacturing are very much a niche professions
             | these days.
        
               | falcolas wrote:
               | Have we had one of these "industry extinctions" in the
               | last quarter century, particularly one at the scale of
               | the meat industry?
               | 
               | Our economy and workplaces are significantly different
               | from what they were when horses were replaced by cars.
        
               | jkelleyrtp wrote:
               | Manufacturing and textiles, though they might have
               | happened slightly more than 25 years ago.
        
               | MontyCarloHall wrote:
               | The fraction of the population employed in agriculture
               | has continued to decline precipitously over the last few
               | decades as automation technology improves, continuing the
               | trend that began with the industrial revolution.
               | 
               | https://ourworldindata.org/employment-in-agriculture
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | _> Our economy and workplaces are significantly different
               | from what they were when horses were replaced by cars._
               | 
               | The 21st century isn't special and we weren't born a
               | quarter century ago. The economy and our workplaces will
               | continue to evolve, as they have since the beginning of
               | time.
        
               | Jeff_Brown wrote:
               | The 20th century may have been special. In a hundred
               | years we went from riding horses to landing on the moon.
               | If the 21st century is to advance on a similarly
               | breathtaking scale we'll need some astounding changes --
               | immortality, say, or true AI.
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | About 27% of the world still works in agriculture, as of
               | 2019 - the vast majority as subsistence farmers - down
               | from 44% of the world as of 1990 [1]. That's over 200
               | million people that just began the transition from _pre-
               | industrial agriculture_ to a modern market based economy.
               | Modern technology is so unevenly distributed that over
               | _two billion_ people are still fed without the benefit of
               | industrialized farming.
               | 
               | I think you're vastly underestimating how much work there
               | is left to do.
               | 
               | [1] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS
        
               | Jeff_Brown wrote:
               | You're right. I was thinking about the technological
               | frontier. In terms of improving the average or the floor,
               | rather than the ceiling, we've got our work cut out.
        
               | JoeAltmaier wrote:
               | Well, down from 80% farmers in the Middle Ages. So we've
               | come a long way.
        
               | extrapickles wrote:
               | Consumer film cameras are extinct as they have been
               | replaced by digital. They are only carried by specialty
               | stores now as people only use it as a hobby.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | erwald wrote:
           | humans have kept dogs and cats and horses around even though
           | many of them aren't used for their original purposes anymore,
           | so I'd be surprised if some sentimental folks didn't keep a
           | few cows or sheep or whatnot around just for fun.
        
             | InitialLastName wrote:
             | Especially with cows, sheep and chickens, I suspect the
             | market for their non-meat goods (milk, wool, eggs) will
             | persist (perhaps in a progressively more artisanal market)
             | for far longer than the killing-animals version of the meat
             | industry.
        
               | Jeff_Brown wrote:
               | I don't know about wool, but outside of artisanal
               | situations the industry for milk and eggs is cruel from
               | birth to death, not just at death.
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | For sure, my thinking is that those industries are likely
               | to survive more in the "I have a coop with a dozen
               | chickens in my back yard" sense.
        
           | jhauris wrote:
           | Domestic animals are already going extinct[1] as agriculture
           | standardizes on the most profitable, most stable, or lowest
           | maintenance breeds. Most domestic breeds wouldn't survive
           | transition to wild living, survive by outcompeting native
           | wildlife. That's why we don't have flocks of wild chickens
           | roaming North America but there feral pigs are a menace.
           | 
           | Based on this, I would bet that our current domestic meat
           | animals would go extinct relatively quickly. There are some
           | people who try to preserve various breeds in what are
           | essentially zoos, but I can't imagine them operating in
           | perpetuity.
           | 
           | 1: https://www.livestockconservancy.org/index.php/heritage/in
           | te...
        
           | EForEndeavour wrote:
           | I would expect to see pockets of domesticated animals survive
           | in captivity across the world for various non-meat purposes.
           | Even if all captive breeding is banned, I would still expect
           | allowances for governments or organizations to maintain
           | breeding populations as a living reminder of where our
           | civilization came from.
        
             | zazen wrote:
             | Right. I've seen some zoos that already have a little
             | "farm" section showing off some local heritage livestock
             | breeds. I'd expect that sort of thing to take right off if
             | it started to look like there was real risk of extinctions.
        
           | hirundo wrote:
           | If humans only existed as mindless stock animals, bred for
           | food, I'd prefer extinction. But I wouldn't care to make that
           | choice on behalf of Bovideae Bovinae Bos taurus.
        
           | paulcole wrote:
           | > Many are co-dependent on humanity for their survival at the
           | species level
           | 
           | Can you list them?
        
           | Jeff_Brown wrote:
           | It's a hard problem. I'd like to imagine factory meat will
           | free up land for use as wild nature preserves, which are the
           | only real way to, well, preserve nature.
           | 
           | But land has many other alternative uses. Until we value
           | _every one_ of those alternative uses less than we value
           | preserving nature itself, we 'll tend to use the land for
           | something else.
           | 
           | Of course it depends on the land in question. Any land that
           | is currently good for grazing and nothing should immediately
           | be freed up once grazing stops being economical.
           | Unfortunately, the land like that is not the most biodiverse
           | -- it's rocky scrub, not forest -- but I'll be happy to see
           | it added to the set of lands we don't want to mess with.
        
         | smogcutter wrote:
         | > Will we get to the point where statues of now-famous people
         | are pulled down because they ate animals? Assuming some variant
         | of "cancel culture" exists then, will that act retroactively
         | and currently-lionised people get cancelled because they are
         | carnivores, even though the current culture that they exist in
         | considers it acceptable?
         | 
         | Perhaps, if those statues were originally erected in honor of
         | their diet, and to remind the vegetarians of the time who was
         | in charge.
         | 
         | I know the false equivalency isn't really your point, but come
         | on.
        
           | Clewza313 wrote:
           | We're busily pulling down statues of various slave owners,
           | none of which were erected to honor their slave ownership.
        
             | psychometry wrote:
             | Well, no. Many of those (Confederate "heroes") were more
             | principally known for treason, sedition, and waging war in
             | defense of slave ownership rather than their personal
             | predilection toward owning slaves.
        
               | waterhouse wrote:
               | Thomas Jefferson statue pulled down in Portland:
               | https://www.opb.org/news/article/thomas-jefferson-statue-
               | pul...
        
             | gowld wrote:
             | Which ones? Most of the statues were specifically erected
             | decades after the Civil War, by KKK and friends, as part of
             | an intimidation campaign against black people and in
             | support of Jim Crow -style laws and resistance to the
             | progress of equal rights legislation.
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | I wasn't really referencing the US statue-pulling-down
           | because that's a lot more fraught and convoluted. It was more
           | the thing with Cabot in my home town of Bristol (UK).
           | 
           | But fair criticism, it's not an equivalence. I was struggling
           | to find a decent example.
           | 
           | Though I can totally see a PETA stunt of pulling down a
           | statue of Elvis because he ate meat.
        
         | Bancakes wrote:
         | The western world hasn't had a famine in decades, mainly eats
         | for satiety - not survival. No hunting necessary. If we are in
         | a position where we are starving and have animals at our
         | disposal, morals will fade.
        
         | zaptheimpaler wrote:
         | Given the concerted media push for lab-grown meat over the
         | recent years, i think the powers that be have made the decision
         | already.
         | 
         | There is no need to fight a culture/moral war - they will
         | simply raise the prices of meat and add some nice marketing
         | around the benefits of lab-grown alternatives.
        
         | growt wrote:
         | A quick google search told me that 12 US presidents where slave
         | owners. So far I think none of their statues have been torn
         | down because of the fact although slavery is almost universally
         | outlawed and condemned. For shorter term analogies I think
         | something like gay-marriage fits. "Progressive" countries allow
         | it, while the more "backwards" or religious countries fight it.
         | I guess it will play out something like this (And you habe to
         | factor in that in case of lab-meat it will probably more
         | expensive at the start, so people and countries have to be able
         | to afford their morals - or eat vegetables I guess).
        
           | jon_richards wrote:
           | Woodrow Wilson's name got removed from a Princeton college
           | and they stressed it was because he was particularly
           | abhorrent even for his time.
           | 
           | Maybe the same will happen with meat. Veal, foie gras, shark
           | fin, octopus, endangered animals, etc. Most of the blame will
           | fall on producers, but "carnivorous" over eaters like Ron
           | Swanson from parks and rec might age poorly.
           | 
           | Whenever people bring up gay marriage legality, I think it's
           | also important to show this graph. https://xkcd.com/1431/
           | 
           | Expect live meat to be overwhelmingly abhorred before you see
           | a ban.
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | Andrew Jackson is being cancelle^Wremoved from the $20.
           | 
           | It might not be a coincidence that he was targetted as being
           | perhaps the most racist genocidal President.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_twenty-
           | dollar_bi...
        
             | TecoAndJix wrote:
             | In reading up on this I had a good laugh when i discovered
             | the URL for the "Bureau of Engraving and Printing" is
             | https://www.moneyfactory.gov/!
        
             | InitialLastName wrote:
             | His (undoubted) role in the Trail of Tears aside, it's not
             | at all clear why Andrew Jackson belongs on money anyway. As
             | far as I've read, it's not even clear how the decision to
             | put him on the $20 was made, except that one fan of his at
             | the mint thought he should be.
             | 
             | All that not to mention, it's ridiculous to be putting
             | someone who didn't think the US should have a central bank
             | on the US's money.
             | 
             | Statues, money, and the like are how we communicate to the
             | world and ourselves reminders of those whose lives we find
             | worth emulating. As our morals change and we start to find
             | things like slavery, forced death-marches and ethnic
             | cleansing abhorrent, is it really wrong for us to update
             | our imagery of whose lives we should emulate? At least to
             | stop idolizing those people who were most notable for, or
             | even raised arms in insurrection in support of, those acts?
        
               | erichocean wrote:
               | > _it 's not at all clear why Andrew Jackson belongs on
               | money anyway_
               | 
               | He's the reason the Democratic Party exists, sure that's
               | worth something...
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | I'm hesitant to praise anyone who helped congeal us into
               | the political duopoly we live under.
               | 
               | It's also not clear to me that, its whole ~200 year
               | lifespan considered, the Democratic Party has put its
               | average in the green relative to historical atrocity
               | (nor, for that matter, have the GOP).
        
           | salt-thrower wrote:
           | > So far I think none of their statues have been torn down
           | because of the fact
           | 
           | Even Abraham Lincoln's statue got torn down in Portland, OR
           | last year. Not because he was a slaveowner but because he
           | oversaw expulsion of Native Americans from their land and
           | executed 36 Native prisoners. I would not assume that any
           | president's statue is safe from public ire.
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | To be honest, I think what will happen _first_ is a multi-
         | pronged marketing assault on  "natural" meat from an
         | environmental, animal rights, cost and quality angle.
         | 
         | E.g. producers of lab-grown meat has an interest in:
         | 
         | * Pushing for taxes or reduced subsidies on "natural" meat with
         | environmental reasoning. This will get easier the more people
         | switch.
         | 
         | * Pushing a "our meat never had a face but is still real meat"
         | angle.
         | 
         | * Undercutting on price.
         | 
         | * Providing "impossible" meat. E.g. cuts that are impossible,
         | compositions that are impossible. Species that are impractical
         | or annoying (e.g. quail and many other birds have so little
         | meat relative to bones that while they're tasty they're a
         | nuisance to eat - lab-grown meat can potentially be "better"
         | than natural meat that way), or meat with other ingredients
         | embedded directly _in_ the meat. Marketing  "old meat" as "old
         | fashioned", boring and lower quality.
         | 
         | * Pushing a "do you know where their meat has been? We know
         | where ours has been" angle.
         | 
         | I don't think a ban will happen until a ban is mostly
         | pointless. That is, I think lab-grown meats have to succeed
         | first, and _then_ when most people have stopped caring because
         | they mostly eat lab-grown meats, it 's possible a ban would get
         | sufficient support.
        
         | mmazing wrote:
         | Why does everything have to be a slippery slope?
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | It's a pretty binary decision (eat animals or not). What does
           | the slope look like?
        
             | mprovost wrote:
             | Eating whales. Or dolphins. Or dogs. Or chimps.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | True, I hadn't considered that. The "should you eat
               | horses?" question.
               | 
               | So if there is vat-grown pork but they never manage to
               | get the beef quite right, will it be acceptable to eat
               | cows but not pigs? I guess that's the slope.
               | 
               | So yes, this has to be a slippery slope ;)
        
             | mmazing wrote:
             | Your version: Lab grown meat -> everyone agrees eating
             | animals is immoral -> various extreme examples of society
             | completely changing
             | 
             | It's also entirely possible that lab grown meat becomes
             | prevalent and simply coexists with raising animals for food
             | for the foreseeable future.
        
         | billti wrote:
         | I've considered stuff like this a lot lately, as there seems to
         | be a lot of hypocrisy amongst commonly held positions
         | (including mine).
         | 
         | I find it odd that people who truly believe in evolution, and
         | that humans are just smarter animals, and that animals are also
         | capable of sensing pain and emotion, can be deeply concerned
         | (rightfully) about things such as trans rights, gender
         | discrimination, etc. for humans (that are very high on
         | "Maslow's hierarchy"), and yet are perfectly content to pay for
         | meat they know was the product of an industry which is pretty
         | horrific in its treatment of billions of cows, pigs, etc. a
         | year.
         | 
         | Similarly, I have friends who regularly rail against the
         | "wealthy" and how it's immoral to have so much money when
         | people are suffering in poverty. Then the same day will go
         | spend $200 on a handbag or $20 on a cocktail or $1000 on a
         | weekend getaway to Hawaii without blinking, knowing full well
         | those unnecessary purchases cost as much as several meals or
         | vaccines for those less fortunate people that the "rich" should
         | be taxed to help.
         | 
         | How do so many people act contradictory to their stated
         | positions? Are they dishonest with themselves? Haven't thought
         | it through? Or do people just want the world to be a better
         | place... as long as it's not an inconvenience for them
         | personally?
        
           | ttt0 wrote:
           | > are perfectly content to pay for meat they know was the
           | product of an industry which is pretty horrific in its
           | treatment of billions of cows, pigs, etc. a year.
           | 
           | If a tree falls in the forest and no one is around, does it
           | make a sound?
           | 
           | What do you think happens to animals in the wilderness? Do
           | you think they live a happy life, retire and have a peaceful
           | death among the loved ones? The answer is no, they get
           | brutally murdered by a bigger animal. Did you ever have a cat
           | and witnessed how they can torture a mouse?
           | 
           | That's just the world we live in. I can't change it, and no
           | one can, it's just how it works. Am I supposed to cry in the
           | corner about this unfortunate reality? So yeah, I'm perfectly
           | fine with killing animals for food, as long as it's not done
           | in a dumb way ie. making them go extinct, or in some sadistic
           | manner.
           | 
           | So I guess the answer to your question is that I try to have
           | a realistic worldview and not just what sounds nice. The
           | universe doesn't care about hypocrisy, morality or
           | principles. It's really good to organize a society around it
           | and it's good to have principles, because we have to somehow
           | live with each other, but that's not what it's about.
        
           | shadilay wrote:
           | Objective analysis is proportional to the distance from the
           | observer.
        
           | bckr wrote:
           | > Are they dishonest with themselves? Haven't thought it
           | through? Or do people just want the world to be a better
           | place... as long as it's not an inconvenience for them
           | personally?
           | 
           | All of the above plus performative outrage / signaling. I'm
           | definitely a healthier person after getting off social media
           | and honestly just caring a lot less about my stances on
           | things and whether they're perfect and holy.
        
             | marcus_holmes wrote:
             | > I'm definitely a healthier person after getting off
             | social media
             | 
             | This. So much. Facebook was destroying my mental health.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | I don't think eating "from animal" meat will become too
         | controversial within the next few decades yet.
         | 
         | However, there will be a few shifts. Any meat that is
         | unrecognizable as cuts of meat - hamburgers, sausages, etc -
         | will be 'cut' with factory meat as a means to cut costs
         | (assuming factory meat will become cheaper than livestock,
         | which I'm confident it will with scale), similar to how it's
         | now filled with water, MRM and other fillers, or how a few
         | years back there was a big controversy in the UK when it turned
         | out ground beef contained horse meat.
         | 
         | It'll be awhile before legislation catches up to make it
         | mandatory to indicate the source of the meat.
         | 
         | But, if this scales up, I think total meat consumption will
         | only increase.
        
           | marcus_holmes wrote:
           | OK, but hypothetically, assume it does become immoral, and
           | then illegal.
           | 
           | If you eat a burger now, with lab-grown meat not really
           | available, are you behaving immorally?
           | 
           | If you eat an animal in (say) 10 years' time, when lab-grown
           | meat is readily available, are you behaving immorally then?
           | 
           | If you eat an animal in (say) 20 years' time, when that
           | involves quite a lot of effort (finding a butcher who sells
           | it, paying the price premium, etc). Are you behaving
           | immorally then?
           | 
           | If you eat an animal after they ban killing animals for food,
           | is that immoral? (i.e. is it the law that makes the action
           | immoral?)
           | 
           | At what point does our (presumably moral) action of eating
           | meat become immoral? Is that up to us as individuals, or is
           | it up to our churches, or government, or what? Who makes this
           | decision, and how is that communicated, and is it
           | retroactive?
        
             | ragazzina wrote:
             | (Disclaimer: I am not a vegetarian)
             | 
             | I see it as immoral now, and immoral in twenty years. It is
             | just socially accepted. Most of the meat-eating people I
             | know don't even try and justify from a moral standpoint.
             | They usually say "I know it's wrong, I just like meat". So
             | in twenty years they will say "I knew it was wrong, it was
             | just how life was back then".
        
               | noduerme wrote:
               | Switch meat-eating for slave-owning and you're starting
               | to justify tearing down those statues of Washington and
               | Jefferson.
        
       | airhead969 wrote:
       | Let's consider that cultured meats are okay as future
       | historically-correct delicacies. We are religiously-attached to
       | meat agriculture now, but we must kick the habit because it's
       | killing us and going to kill us: resource utilization, climate
       | change, antibiotics resistance, and pandemics.
       | 
       | How about we design a specific protein product that is healthiest
       | first? And then second: how to produce it as efficiently as
       | possible?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | notdang wrote:
       | How far are we from real meat texture as opposed to this minced
       | meat for burgers?
        
       | bionhoward wrote:
       | Does lab-grown meat have a lab-grown immune system to prevent
       | lab-grown contamination?
        
       | ethanbond wrote:
       | > Future Meat Technologies says this facility requires 96-percent
       | less freshwater than livestock production, as well as using
       | 99-percent less land and producing 80-percent fewer greenhouse
       | emissions.
       | 
       | Even accounting for PR hyperbole, it is so apparent at this point
       | that any country who chooses not to board this train will be at
       | the mercy of those who do. This is a national security issue. We
       | can choose to curse our younger generations with a warped sense
       | of ickiness or masculinity, or we can choose protein security
       | indefinitely into the future.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | I'm all in favour of this for climate change and animal welfare
         | reasons, but I don't see how it's a _national security_ concern
         | in e.g. Europe and America, given they already encourage
         | farming overproduction specifically because food is so
         | important, and that almost everywhere could already be more
         | effective in how many people a given unit of land area or fresh
         | water can support, both by encouraging vegetable-based diets
         | and separately with more poly-tunnels, greenhouses, and
         | aeroponics.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Overproduction is based on assumptions around how variable
           | farm output is. Climate change increases variability.
        
             | airhead969 wrote:
             | Climate change isn't the weather.
             | 
             | Climate is the average.
             | 
             | We are in a global warming emergency and no one is doing
             | enough about it.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Climate isn't the _average_ weather it's the _expected_
               | weather. X hurricanes every Y years for example doesn't
               | change the average significantly, but their a major
               | climate concern in areas at risk from them.
        
               | hypertele-Xii wrote:
               | Climate change is literally the weather.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Long term average weather. But yes, IIRC, climate change
               | is causing more extreme variability, and that variability
               | itself is a problem.
               | 
               | Though I do disagree with @airhead969, as the literally
               | exponential growth of PV by itself looks to me to be
               | enough to make us net zero in a decade or two (probably
               | two, given exponentials are often sigmoids in disguise).
        
           | ethanbond wrote:
           | Well one mechanism by which this becomes a natsec concern is
           | food scarcity in other parts of the world might
           | simultaneously cause domestic instability as well as mass
           | migration to more food-secure locales.
           | 
           | We should also do all of the things you mention here.
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | > We can choose to curse our younger generations with a warped
         | sense of ickiness or masculinity, or we can choose protein
         | security indefinitely into the future.
         | 
         | A false dichotomy if I ever saw one.
        
           | ethanbond wrote:
           | It is a false dichotomy currently because the in-between area
           | is largely occupied by "do the economics make sense." That is
           | very clearly trending in one direction (towards "yes"), so at
           | some point in the future it will largely boil down to
           | something akin to this dichotomy. My framing is definitely
           | dismissive of one side, but it does strike me as a set of
           | arguments that are largely aesthetic on one side and the
           | reality of food security on the other.
        
         | bttrfl wrote:
         | Every time I read stats like this I wonder what are the
         | externalities the PR team decided to omit. One day you hear
         | that farmed fish are eco, the next day you find out that
         | gigantic trawlers are depleting Antarctic oceans for feed.
         | 
         | I tried to google the possible environmental downsides of lab-
         | meat (taste/health aside), but couldn't find anything. Any
         | suggestions?
        
           | frankus wrote:
           | There's the question of what sort of feedstocks they're using
           | and where they come from.
           | 
           | I would assume that it's something like what the animals
           | they're replacing eat, but presumably in smaller quantities
           | since they're only growing muscle tissue and not an entire
           | animal.
           | 
           | There's something to be said for a device that transports
           | itself around marginally-arable land eating grass and pumping
           | out fertilizer while creating edible protein. Especially if
           | the alternative is intensively-farmed row crops like corn and
           | soy that tend to require tons of fertilizer and herbicides.
           | 
           | IMO an equally exciting area of research is taking something
           | like algae that only need water, sunlight, and some minerals
           | to produce food. Which could then be further processed into
           | lab-grown meat or be eaten as is.
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | > with a warped sense of ickiness or masculinity, or we can
         | choose protein security indefinitely into the future
         | 
         | I think you're confusing a few things.
         | 
         | I'm very pro lab-grown meat, and I don't see why it would be
         | either "icky" (if anything, it could be much more "pure", able
         | to grow in controlled conditions without any pesticides,
         | hormones or antibiotics) nor less "masculine" (a steak is a
         | steak is a steak).
         | 
         | I'm very much against plant-based "fake" meat, because they're
         | usually far from natural (tons of chemicals) and full of
         | propaganda ("red meat is unhealthy" but conveniently conflating
         | pure red meat with highly-processed stuff like sausages and
         | salami, or "red meat is unsustainable" while we keep burning
         | coal and importing plastics from China... don't get me wrong, I
         | strongly support carbon tax, but want to be able to _what_ to
         | consume (drive car vs. eat steak) myself).
        
           | jamincan wrote:
           | I don't think you can dismiss the sustainability of meat-
           | substitutes just because we as a society continue to use coal
           | or import plastic. A bean-based veggie burger has a much
           | lower environmental footprint regardless of those things. The
           | major difference is that choosing to buy a meat-substitute
           | instead of the real thing is a decision that people can
           | individually make, even if just for one meal a week, while
           | most of us don't have the ability to choose to close down a
           | coal plant.
        
           | ethanbond wrote:
           | Not confusing those things, this is just a different argument
           | against a different thing (plant based meat).
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | baud147258 wrote:
           | > a steak is a steak is a steak
           | 
           | would lab-grown steak be remotely similar to a good cut of
           | steak? I'd guess for sausage (and other processes meat) lab-
           | grown won't be different, but I don't think lab-grown will be
           | able to reach real-steak level anytime soon
        
             | cdelsolar wrote:
             | i don't see why not
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | It's more complex, but it's a matter of how soon, not if.
             | And how soon, not if, lab-grown steak will be _better_ than
             | real ones, because you 'll be able to tinker with the
             | composition in ways you simply can't currently.
        
           | yaseer wrote:
           | > they're usually far from natural (tons of chemicals)
           | 
           | I really object to marketing use of the word 'natural' and
           | 'chemicals'. I don't mean to single you out - these concepts
           | are widespread in marketing.
           | 
           | Plenty of 'natural' things are bad, like small pox, the Ebola
           | virus and salmonella.
           | 
           | Plenty of 'unnatural' things are good, like antibiotics to
           | treat infection.
           | 
           | All matter is made from chemicals. Whether a chemical like
           | penicillin or salt is synthesised in a lab, or extracted from
           | the ocean, holds no baring on whether that chemical is good
           | for you.
           | 
           | - EDIT - Generalised the penicillin example.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | hypertele-Xii wrote:
             | Penicillin is a natural product of fungi against bacteria.
        
             | tomp wrote:
             | When it comes to food, I use the following criteria: could
             | I make it myself in my kitchen? (Some "minimal processsing"
             | like fermentation and curing therefore fall under
             | "natural".)
             | 
             | I'm pretty sure the answer is "no" for most of the plant-
             | based fake meat. It's also "no" for McDonald's burger so
             | I'm not just hating on plants.
        
               | distribot wrote:
               | I understand this conversation is about Beyond Meat kinda
               | stuff, but it's isn't no for the two oldest and most
               | popular fake meats--tofu and seitan. And yet tofu
               | especially gets beat up in terms of fake vs natural.
        
               | jayparth wrote:
               | You can definitely make seitan in your kitchen, I am not
               | disagreeing with anything you're saying though.
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | Tofu and seitan get "beat up" because (1) tofu is soy and
               | seitan is gluten (many people dislike those, for various
               | reasons), (2) they're often used to _mimic_ (fake) meat,
               | not made into creative meals of their own, and (3) for me
               | personally, tofu is extremely bland.
        
               | telotortium wrote:
               | As an omnivore, I love seitan - it's pretty common in
               | Chinese and Japanese cuisine. I wish more vegetarian
               | places in the US would use it, but it seems that only
               | tofu has crossed over, which is a shame, because tofu
               | generally doesn't have the texture and bulk of meat, but
               | rather of soft, non-meltable cheese, and is not even as
               | filling as that.
        
               | impreciouschild wrote:
               | Lots of veg places in the US -do- use seitan. It may be
               | your location that doesn't. It's very popular for vegan
               | chicken sandwiches, fingers, wings, curries etc. I'm in
               | LA tho which may be the current veg restaurant capital of
               | the world.
        
               | yaseer wrote:
               | It's definitely true highly processed foods correlate
               | with poor health outcomes. This correlation is mainly
               | because ultra-processed foods often contain added sugars,
               | excess sodium, and unhealthy fats (source:
               | https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/processed-
               | foods...).
               | 
               | There's an (open) question here of what the cause is; is
               | this inherent to all food processing?, or is it the
               | nutritional content of the food?
               | 
               | I would argue eating home-made potato chips, cookies and
               | ice cream may lead to worse health outcomes than plant-
               | based burgers with better nutritional benefits
        
             | dariusj18 wrote:
             | I wouldn't say Penicillin is 'unnatural', there are
             | probably better examples out there.
        
               | yaseer wrote:
               | That's true, I just picked penicillin and salt
               | intentionally as they both can be synthesised in a lab
               | and in nature
        
         | actuator wrote:
         | > it is so apparent at this point that any country who chooses
         | not to board this train will be at the mercy of those who do
         | 
         | This is hardly the only solution though. We can also shift to
         | just plant based diets from crops which are not water
         | intensive. Vegetarianism has been present in many parts of the
         | world from a long time and those parts have also done fine with
         | surviving.
         | 
         | We have a plethora of recipes as well which we can import from
         | those parts of the world and add it with other highly
         | nutritious vegan recipes. At least I have been far more
         | impressed with eating those cuisines than eating fake meat as
         | such.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | You're foolishly projecting ideology and personal beliefs into
         | somewhere so far removed from the consumer that it simply won't
         | matter.
         | 
         | Commodities buyers don't care who's corn is ethical or who's
         | corn is unethical. They don't care who's ground beef is manly
         | and who's isn't. It all comes down to cost per results at the
         | end of the day. Resource usage is just a part of that
         | calculation. No different than the cost of shipping.
         | 
         | If McDonalds and Walmart can cut their existing beef with fake
         | plant beef or lab beef without hurting their bottom line (by
         | making their products less attractive to consumers) they will.
         | 
         | Will there be people who try and capture the high end market
         | with some ideologically themed marketing in the meantime? Of
         | course. But make no mistake, the long term goal for these new
         | synthetic meat (both plant meat and lab meat) producers is not
         | the high end market. It's the thousands of reefer cars that put
         | that house brand 80/20 on a store shelf near you. Pandering to
         | whatever the premium consumer wants to hear until you can make
         | your product cheap enough and good enough to make real money is
         | just a necessary part of bootstrapping that.
         | 
         | Putting the McDouble back on the dollar menu with the help of
         | synthetic beef is what societal progress looks like.
        
           | ethanbond wrote:
           | I agree with everything you say here and if I communicated
           | that the arguments against lab meat are durable, that was the
           | opposite of my intention. What I mean to say is that it's a
           | foregone conclusion and we should be expediting its arrival
           | and gaining an edge in that future.
        
         | devy wrote:
         | The greenest protein factory is the one that we don't have to
         | build - even if it's 99% less land or 80% fewer greenhouse
         | emissions than the traditional farming of cows, sheep and
         | poultry. It's actually this:
         | https://interestingengineering.com/the-explosion-of-insect-p...
        
           | ethanbond wrote:
           | We should do that too
        
           | justinmchase wrote:
           | Just eat the bugs...
        
             | kwere wrote:
             | dont forget to be happy...
        
           | Noos wrote:
           | It's always fun with these kinds of posts, because people
           | never think what their total progressive future will be like.
           | No cars, no pets, eating bugs for protein, taxed to shit to
           | provide a social safety net, forced to clump up in cities for
           | efficiency. Probably a lot more than that. Being an eco-serf.
        
             | salt-thrower wrote:
             | This is the kind of sentiment that watching too many Alex
             | Jones documentaries will give you. It's funny that you
             | think places like America, which can't even manage to
             | legislate _sensible_ climate-saving policies, would ever
             | get to an extremist state of banning cars and pets, or
             | forcing you to eat bugs for protein. You are laughably out
             | of touch with reality.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_dilemma
         | 
         | Good try though.
        
         | shadofx wrote:
         | Maybe eventually eating plant matter won't be considered
         | efficient either, what with the massive expenditure of
         | fertilizer and ecological damage of pesticide and herbicide
         | runoff.
         | 
         | We will need to figure out to bio-engineer edible plant matter
         | as well. Then once we've mastered that, we can start bio-
         | engineering ourselves to photosynthesize from the sun directly,
         | to cut out all middlemen from the food chain. Then we can bio-
         | engineer a vacuum-resistant carapace and launch ourselves
         | toward the sun to exist as truly self-sufficient organisms.
         | Then we blot out the sun with our flesh, and find some way to
         | go to a different star.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | I think what the comment above is missing is that these are
           | the metrics that the PR team chose to publish.
           | 
           | The lab meat might also use 100x the CO2 in other production
           | materials. It might be more labor and energy intensive. The
           | cost might be 10x higher - even at scale.
           | 
           | You cannot trust the PR numbers from a company looking to
           | normalize their product.
           | 
           | This is why 3rd party analysis is required.
        
         | genericone wrote:
         | Depending on the capital requirements and cost of these
         | facilities, and imagining them as semiconductor fab type
         | facilities, a nation would really be putting all their eggs in
         | one basket if their protein security relies on just a few dozen
         | such facilities across the country. This major centralization
         | could be done in by one ransomware attack or activist employee
         | , whereas the decentralized protein production by tens of
         | thousands of producers today is far less susceptible. Once food
         | security becomes tech-driven, its something to worry about.
        
         | everdrive wrote:
         | >ickiness or masculinity,
         | 
         | How is this related to lab-grown meat?
        
           | sidlls wrote:
           | There's a certain squeamishness some have about eating
           | something labeled as "lab-grown", as if it's somehow tainted
           | with "unnatural" origin.
           | 
           | At the same time, there's a certain machismo, bravado,
           | "manliness" associated with eating meat from an actual
           | animal, mainly a vicarious association with hunting, but also
           | by demonstration of some certain kinds of "alpha male" traits
           | (access to resources to afford it, dominance, etc.). Lab-
           | grown meat wasn't hunted or butchered, so may be viewed as
           | "easier" in some sense--less manly, in other words.
        
         | hardwaregeek wrote:
         | I agree but also "protein security" reminds me of "mineshaft
         | gap" from Dr. Strangelove
        
         | hcknwscommenter wrote:
         | It is of course impossible to verify either way, but I am very
         | sure these statistics of 96% savings in freshwater are total
         | nonsense. Anyone who has ever cultured cells on any scale can
         | attest to the amount of water needed at any scale in terms of
         | washing, rinsing, diluting, sterilizing, feeding, etc.
         | Moreover, we have seen time and time again, the reporting of
         | extremely high numbers for water usage in beef and milk
         | production, but it turns out they are counting the water that
         | falls as rain on the pasture land, or the rain/ground water
         | used to grow the alfalfa. Should that be counted? Rain seems to
         | be fairly renewable, but I admit that (in the extreme) society
         | can harm ecosystems by diverting too much rain water (see
         | Colorado River). Ground water renewability is a bit context
         | dependent.
         | 
         | If the water savings is mostly nonsense, well then I also
         | question the savings in GHG emissions. Land savings? Sure,
         | fine, that makes sense... but farm land is orders of magnitude
         | cheaper than land that has a fully functioning cell culture
         | factory on it.
         | 
         | In the end, we will know if this works by what price it can
         | sell at and make a marginal return. The jury is out on that
         | one.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | > Anyone who has ever cultured cells on any scale can attest
           | to the amount of water needed at any scale in terms of
           | washing, rinsing, diluting, sterilizing, feeding, etc.
           | 
           | Given that this is all happening in a lab, is collecting and
           | filtering for reuse an option?
        
             | hcknwscommenter wrote:
             | Sure. But then you have to spend way more energy on the
             | "filtering" part. It typically makes a lot more sense in
             | terms of energy usage to just take tap water and run it
             | through a polishing step (deionization and/or reverse
             | osmosis), than to take the comparatively "dirty" water
             | coming out of your process (dirty but not toxic) and try to
             | clean that up.
        
             | f38zf5vdt wrote:
             | An autoclave requires distilled water and an enormous
             | amount of energy to operate. You could save the water but
             | you'd potentially need to distill it again after. They use
             | an enormous amount of energy and water overall.
             | 
             | The feed for the cells still has to come from somewhere
             | too, and the growth of the cells is aerobic and generates
             | CO2. That said, artificial meat is supposed to hit market
             | parity price by 2026 and probably below parity after. [1]
             | We will probably see a rapid transition to cultured meat
             | within a decade. There are a very large number of these
             | companies competing right now. [2]
             | 
             | [1] https://www.mitsui.com/mgssi/en/report/detail/__icsFile
             | s/afi... [2] https://cellbasedtech.com/lab-grown-meat-
             | companies
        
               | hcknwscommenter wrote:
               | "supposed to". I am hopeful but I think we are very early
               | here and it is going to be very difficult to actually
               | meet these targets. We shall see.
        
           | trainsplanes wrote:
           | I imagine a lot of the freshwater savings involves not
           | needing to feed an animal. What they drink and eat takes
           | large scale agriculture and processing operations which will
           | be cut drastically.
        
             | hcknwscommenter wrote:
             | But you have to feed the cells. And you can't just grow
             | some plants and feed it to the cells, you have to
             | manufacture a very precise blend of chemicals (amino acids,
             | sugars, surfactants, antioxidants, etc.) at >99% purity for
             | each one. Often extremely nasty solvents are involved in
             | the production process. Usually, some sort of petroleum
             | product is a feedstock. Those chemically synthesized
             | materials are hardly green.
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | >but it turns out they are counting the water that falls as
           | rain on the pasture land, or the rain/ground water used to
           | grow the alfalfa.
           | 
           | Can we use that pasture-land (and the rain that falls onto
           | it) to grow more useful crops? If so: I don't understand why
           | that wouldn't count.
        
             | hcknwscommenter wrote:
             | Pasture land is not, usually, crop growing land. Moreover,
             | the rain falls regardless. You could grow no crops, and
             | your "water usage" would be exactly the same. Why would you
             | count it?
        
           | JohnWhigham wrote:
           | Regarding the weasel-worded "less land usage", most of the
           | land that livestock use for grazing is unsuitable for
           | conventional farming anyway. Only ruminants can properly
           | utilize it.
        
             | EForEndeavour wrote:
             | > most of the land that livestock use for grazing is
             | unsuitable for conventional farming anyway
             | 
             | Ah, but are most cows in the world actually grazing on
             | pasture unsuitable for arable farming? I wasn't able to
             | find an estimate of that number, but am willing to bet good
             | money it's pretty low, considering that the number one
             | driver of tropical deforestation is converting land to
             | raise cattle, and the number two driver is soybean
             | production mostly to feed said cattle: https://www.worldwil
             | dlife.org/magazine/issues/summer-2018/ar...
        
           | c618b9b695c4 wrote:
           | >Anyone who has ever cultured cells on any scale can attest
           | to the amount of water needed at any scale in terms of
           | washing, rinsing, diluting, sterilizing, feeding, etc.
           | 
           | There is an enormous difference in scale and efficiency
           | between a lab scale process and an industrial one.
           | Researchers (myself included) do what gets the job done
           | quickly, not necessarily balancing the budget at the same
           | time.
        
             | hcknwscommenter wrote:
             | Yes there is an enormous difference in scale. Efficiency?
             | In cell culture? In terms of GHG or emissions or energy
             | use? I find that hard to believe. In my personal experience
             | (not data, but relevant), none of the manufacturing scale
             | processes were particularly optimized in terms of
             | GHG/energy. Rather, yield was the primary target and
             | consistency was the very close secondary target. Sometimes,
             | vice versa. I 10x improvement of yield can very easily lead
             | to higher GHG emission intensity, or no effect at all, e.g.
        
         | andscoop wrote:
         | I used to feel similarly, but now, I'm not so sure. What
         | worries me is that lab-grown meat will allow big ag practices
         | to continue, which will do more harm to our co2 emissions and
         | world's soil health.
         | 
         | To expand on this further, there is active research and
         | practices into sustainable farming practices that show diverse
         | crop rotations along dense but short grazing across the land
         | has the ability to rebuild top soil 10x than previously
         | thought. Most importantly this top soil serves as a MASSIVE
         | CARBON SINK.
         | 
         | Using this proven methods, we can leverage the world's farmland
         | to sequester carbon while improving the health of our soil and
         | the nurtition density of our food.
         | 
         | The catch is that we need the animals to restore soil health
         | and presumably we need the business model of selling the meat
         | to make this practice sustainable.
         | 
         | Further Reading:
         | 
         | Dirt to Soil - Gabe Brown
         | 
         | Alan Savory's Holistic Management Practices -
         | https://youtu.be/q7pI7IYaJLI
         | 
         | https://www.marincarbonproject.org/
        
           | jurip wrote:
           | How many animals are we talking about in a scenario where all
           | the animals were being used for crop/grazing rotation? I've
           | heard about this and it sounds good to me, but without having
           | looked into it at all, it sounds to me like something that
           | probably wouldn't support the number of animals we're using
           | right now for meat production?
        
             | greenonions wrote:
             | Even if you could convert all the corn/soybean land in the
             | United States to more regenerative methods, you probably
             | wouldn't be able to meet the current demand for meat.
             | 
             | Additionally you have a logistical problem with the animals
             | being distributed across an enormous area vs concentrated
             | in a CAFO.
             | 
             | Now, you would easily be able to grow enough food for the
             | country and possibly the globe, but meat demand cannot be
             | sustained.
        
         | me_me_me wrote:
         | > sense of ickiness or masculinity
         | 
         | If they can keep the cost lower (2/3 or better 1/2 price) than
         | animal meat, all of the stigma will just poof out of existence.
         | 
         | This is very exiting, but its a not solution to global warming
         | (only small factor).
         | 
         | >> Methane has a large effect but for a relatively brief
         | period, having an estimated mean half-life of 9.1 years in the
         | atmosphere, whereas carbon dioxide is currently given an
         | estimated mean lifetime of over 100 years
         | 
         | Still very exiting to possibly live through end factory
         | farming.
        
           | ethanbond wrote:
           | Totally agreed - competitive flavor at superior price will
           | make those other arguments disappear. That's why I think we
           | should view this as a foregone conclusion and get positioned
           | to simply own the future, or at least not have our future
           | owned by someone else.
        
             | Noos wrote:
             | ...sure, like Carob was a foregone conclusion to replace
             | chocolate:
             | 
             | https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-
             | gastronomy/how-c...
             | 
             | As someone who actually had to eat Tiger's Milk bars as a
             | kid, good luck at it.
        
       | wonderwonder wrote:
       | I love this project for the simple reason that it makes me think
       | of the possibility for large crewed long distance space flights
       | with onboard protein producing capabilities. Would also go a long
       | way towards making life on mars more realistic.
        
       | watertom wrote:
       | This still won't fix the fundamental problem facing the
       | environment, which is over population, it also won't fix the
       | problem that the environment is already locked into a number of
       | positive feedback loops driving climate change.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | EForEndeavour wrote:
         | Although global population is still increasing, the _rate_ of
         | increase has been declining since the 1960s, so that 's
         | acceleration in the right direction:
         | https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growth
        
         | sharikous wrote:
         | Actually it fixes exactly that. A more efficient way to get
         | food allows for a larger population with less strain on the
         | Earth's resources.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | I'm curious how healthy this is compared to grass fed animals.
        
         | dharmaturtle wrote:
         | They don't produce beef yet:
         | 
         | > At this point, the facility is already able to produce lamb,
         | chicken, and pork products without using genetic modification
         | or animal serum. Future Meat says that it will soon also be
         | able to start production on beef, too.
        
       | aurora72 wrote:
       | A key benefit of cultured meat is its minimized impact on the
       | environment => And the key danger is its maximized impact on the
       | body.
        
         | IntelMiner wrote:
         | What impact?
        
           | airhead969 wrote:
           | Diverticulitis, gout, hyperlipidemia, halitosis, ...
        
         | kazen44 wrote:
         | how so? as far as i am aware, this is actual meat, compared to
         | a substitute.
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | This is a great concept and likely to be the only way to
           | continue to eat meat in a long-term future.
           | 
           | However, applying a cautionary principle, I would really
           | prefer to find a detailed description of what ingredients are
           | these meat cultures being supplied with during growth.
           | 
           | For example, cow meat is theoretically healthy but the
           | previous outbreak of BSE started with cow feed that included
           | other cow parts.
           | 
           | In the same way sea fish is theoretically healthy, however
           | aquaculture fish feed includes a large portion of fishmeal
           | which is again grinded dead fish guts and bones. The
           | nutrional value of this (lower omega fatty acids content?) is
           | to me not clear and the impact of this is perhaps
           | insuficiently studied (Happy to read any sources others may
           | suggest).
           | 
           | I am not arguing that a lab grown muscle cell is different
           | from a muscle cell appended to a chicken. But I would very
           | much like to see more detail on the supply chain of how that
           | muscle cell is provided with nutrients.
        
         | starfallg wrote:
         | Implying that natural products are always good for us, while
         | synthetic ones are always bad is intellectual laziness. There
         | is an abundance of toxic compounds found in nature that are
         | unequivocally bad for us. Take bracken for example, a
         | ubiquitous plant containing the carcinogen ptaquiloside, which
         | is used in cooking in different parts of the world
         | traditionally. It can also be absorbed up the food chain
         | affecting milk that humans consume, and it is known to affect
         | the water supply, increasing the rate of stomach cancer.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | Perhaps, but suggesting that processed foods (which factory
           | produced meats essentially are) tend to contain less
           | (potentially important - we have no idea) micronutrients is
           | not, and is a very reasonable concern to have.
        
       | sebringj wrote:
       | I wonder then if "vegetarian" will be expanded to include lab
       | grown meat or possibly a newer "labatarian"? "I like green eggs
       | and ham." has a new meaning now.
        
       | cvg wrote:
       | Lab grown pork from an Israeli company! Is this kosher?
        
         | ginko wrote:
         | Some rabbis seem to think so: https://www.newsweek.com/cloned-
         | pigs-kosher-rabbi-yuval-cher...
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Kosher certification in Israel is a process, but it's entirely
         | possible that they'll be able to get certification because it's
         | not "really" from a pig.
        
       | cout wrote:
       | The article touches on water and emissions; I wonder how these
       | products compare on electricity usage (and whether that's counted
       | in the emissions estimate).
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Cows don't use a lot of electricity, so it's got to be higher
         | emissions. ...even considering the cow methane.
        
       | ykevinator3 wrote:
       | Still high cholesterol but a good idea
        
       | mattwest wrote:
       | This post sparked nice discussion, but let's also acknowledge
       | that slashgear is just regurgitating a PRnewswire article. I
       | would take the statements with a grain of salt.
        
       | eloff wrote:
       | I'm not sure vegans would touch this, but they've always been
       | more akin to a religion than a diet. Vegetarians would largely go
       | for this I think.
       | 
       | I'd be very happy if could get meat that was cheaper, safer,
       | cleaner, and didn't have animal cruelty issues. This is the
       | future.
       | 
       | Also does anyone else here remember the beef vats in Call to
       | Power, the civilization knockoff game? It really feels like I'm
       | living in the future when I read articles like this.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | I really dislike the notion of throwing entire swaths of people
         | into a single bucket.
         | 
         | Some vegans will eat it - others won't. I don't think you can
         | say with confidence what portion of them will until there's
         | some data.
         | 
         | Many are vegan on ethical grounds - which don't apply here.
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | > I really dislike the notion of throwing entire swaths of
           | people into a single bucket.
           | 
           | Because there are always exceptions to the rule? Or because
           | you think you can't generalize about any diverse group of
           | people (yes you can, knowing that it obviously doesn't apply
           | to every individual)?
           | 
           | > Some vegans will eat it - others won't. I don't think you
           | can say with confidence what portion of them will until
           | there's some data.
           | 
           | Yes that's fair. But remember the backlash against beyond and
           | impossible burgers because they're grilled on the same grill
           | as meat - as if meat were an infection. Some vegans are a
           | special bunch.
        
             | koheripbal wrote:
             | > Because there are always exceptions to the rule?
             | 
             | No, because the exceptions are the few times they are
             | correct!
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | It's a pretty bad generalization if it's generally wrong
               | then.
               | 
               | I'd say the problem is with the flawed generalization
               | then, not being able to generalize about groups in
               | general.
        
         | Falling3 wrote:
         | Veganism is neither a religion nor a diet; it's a philosophy
         | that impact various areas of consumption and usage beyond just
         | food.
         | 
         | As a vegan, I'm thrilled about the prospect of this. This is
         | the only realistic route to anything resembling the cessation
         | of large scale animal farming.
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | Question though, would you personally eat it? Do you think
           | other vegans might?
        
             | Falling3 wrote:
             | I know lots of other vegans would. I'm far more excited to
             | be able to give my cats a cruelty free diet. I just hit 16
             | years and I'm honestly not sure that I'd want to go back to
             | eating meat at this point - even ethically produced.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Pricing is a big issue. This is a complicated process. They're
       | pricing their chicken somewhere around $30/lb.[1] This isn't a
       | competitive product yet. This is a press release about a pilot
       | plant.
       | 
       | Impossible Burger's process, by comparison, is simple and cheap.
       | It's mostly soy and potatoes. The only complex component is heme,
       | and that's a meat flavoring used in small quantities.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.foodmanufacturing.com/consumer-
       | trends/news/21259...
        
       | hnthrowaway2 wrote:
       | As a vegetarian, I always have a moral dilemma when choosing
       | dietary supplements. Perhaps I don't have to face these dilemmas
       | if I can include lab grown meat in my diet therefore obviating
       | the need for supplements. But having been a lifelong vegetarian,
       | it still feels odd. Objectively looking at it, lab grown meat
       | seems to be a good idea. I'm not entirely sure of the "morality"
       | or ethics of it. Will take some getting used to, but if this
       | gives rise to innovations in the synthesizing of supplements such
       | as collagen then I'm all for it.
        
       | shafyy wrote:
       | Note that they are not yet "pumping" out anything. Their plan is
       | to start selling next year, which means that it probably will
       | take another few years.
       | 
       | I think that it makes much more sense to make meat and cheese
       | directly from plant proteins, without going through the trouble
       | of growing meat in bioreactors.
       | 
       | Assuming that both will have a similar endproduct (and Impossible
       | shows that it's possible), making from plant proteins directly
       | will always be cheaper, faster, require less resources and be
       | healthier.
       | 
       | That said, I'm not against companies going in this direction. I
       | think it's worth exploring. It's just a bit sad that this "high
       | tech" gets much more press and hype than the more boring
       | alternative, which is already here and reducing greenhouse gas
       | emissions TODAY (which is the key). This is very similar to
       | direct-air-capture technologies, which some day might be viable,
       | but there are plenty of things that we can today that are just
       | not as sexy and therefore don't get hyped in the media.
       | 
       | To be clear: I see a future where most meats and cheeses will be
       | made directly from plants, and a small minority made using
       | cultured cells.
        
         | i_haz_rabies wrote:
         | There are amino acids you can't get from plant protein.
        
           | shafyy wrote:
           | No, all essential amino acids can be found in plants. We have
           | a long way to go if even people here on HN (which I would
           | consider more educated than the average person) gets
           | something as basic as this about nutrition wrong.
        
           | thehappypm wrote:
           | From first principles, how is this possible? Food animals get
           | their amino acids from eating plants.
        
             | shafyy wrote:
             | Of course there are amino acids that don't exist in plants,
             | but they are not essential (i.e. can be synthesized in the
             | human body and don't need to be taken from external
             | sources).
             | 
             | From first principles, it's possible because e.g. cows
             | could make amino acids that are not found in plants, but
             | those are not essential (I don't know if cows make any non
             | essential amino acids that are not found in plants, this is
             | just an example)
        
             | insaneirish wrote:
             | Clearly plants get them from eating animals.
        
           | tofukid wrote:
           | All essential amino acids are found in plants, and some plant
           | proteins (soy or hemp for example) contain all the essentials
           | in a single protein.
        
             | shafyy wrote:
             | I don't know why you're being downvoted, this is true.
        
             | Leherenn wrote:
             | Is it in a "reasonable" amount? As in, is the concentration
             | comparable?
        
         | mdorazio wrote:
         | > making from plant proteins directly will always be cheaper,
         | faster, require less resources and be healthier
         | 
         | This is not clear at all. If you look into what goes into
         | making something like an Impossible Burger, it is basically
         | none of those things.
        
           | shafyy wrote:
           | Which part is not clear?
        
             | djrogers wrote:
             | For one thing, plant based meats require a ton of
             | resources, and for another there's no clear evidence that
             | it's any healthier than vat grown meat.
        
       | detritus wrote:
       | I know we've got to start somewhere and I'm all for this
       | direction, but wake me up when we're making synthetic meat
       | products based on beef or pork cell lines.
       | 
       | Chicken's the one meat I don't feel too guilty about eating,
       | especially in emission terms. Yet, anyway...
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | Have you seen the conditions that (most) farmed chickens are
         | raised in?
        
           | detritus wrote:
           | Yup, and they live for about two months with a level of
           | cognizance and culture that I can just about live with having
           | killed on my behalf.
           | 
           | Such things are horrors to our eyes, because we know better.
           | They don't.
           | 
           | Not saying it's right, not saying that I wish it weren't
           | thus, but here we are.
           | 
           | - ed
           | 
           | Also, I'm in the UK, where we still have _slightly_ better
           | farming standards and access to free range /organic produce
           | than some other first world countries. For the moment,
           | anyway... .
        
         | wccrawford wrote:
         | >At this point, the facility is already able to produce lamb,
         | chicken, and pork products without using genetic modification
         | or animal serum. Future Meat says that it will soon also be
         | able to start production on beef, too.
         | 
         | So, they're not producing it commercially, but they _can_ do
         | pork. I 'd say the day is inevitable at this point.
        
           | detritus wrote:
           | That's interesting - I thought that fat was the trickier
           | element to replicate, which is a more important dimension in
           | pork and beef.
           | 
           | Now then, the interesting question for an Israeli-company -
           | would producing and then consuming synthetic pork be Kosher?
        
             | wccrawford wrote:
             | I wasn't surprised to see that beef was left out initially.
             | Even without the religious objection, they aren't likely to
             | have much of a market for vat-beef locally because cow-beef
             | isn't desired locally.
             | 
             | But once they go more global, there's a really big market
             | for vat-beef.
             | 
             | And I would love to know of the religious implications of
             | this as well... Both for cow and pig, for various religions
             | and other beliefs, such as veganism.
        
               | edanm wrote:
               | Why do you think that cow-beef isn't desired in Israel?
               | We eat plenty of beef.
        
       | paraschopra wrote:
       | I'm surprised at the claim that it does 80-percent fewer
       | greenhouse emissions.
       | 
       | The recent research suggests that lab-grown meat may not be
       | better than conventional meat (at least for beef) because a part
       | of cows emissions are methane related that dissipates fast while
       | majority of emissions for lab grown meat is CO2 that stays in the
       | atmosphere for long.
       | 
       | From
       | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2019.0000...
       | 
       | >We conclude that cultured meat is not prima facie climatically
       | superior to cattle; its relative impact instead depends on the
       | availability of decarbonized energy generation and the specific
       | production systems that are realized.
        
         | yboris wrote:
         | How do you reconcile your claim that "methane ... dissipates
         | fast" with this:
         | 
         | > Methane is more than 25 times as potent as carbon dioxide at
         | trapping heat in the atmosphere.
         | 
         | https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane
        
           | wavefunction wrote:
           | It seems like a faulty way to analyze the problem in any
           | case. Atmospheric methane devolves into CO2 in about eight
           | years, "on average." CO2 emitted into the atmosphere appears
           | to stick around for 300-1000 years. The heat-trapping of
           | methane is obviously much greater during that eight years but
           | then it devolves into CO2. I guess the only way to draw a
           | real conclusion would be comparing the amount of
           | Methane+subsequent CO2 resulting from traditional animal
           | husbandry with the amount of CO2 produced by this lab
           | process.
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | > a part of cows emissions are methane related that dissipates
         | fast while majority of emissions for lab grown meat is CO2 that
         | stays in the atmosphere for long.
         | 
         | Methane "dissipates" into CO2. It's strictly worse in terms of
         | its affect on the climate.
        
       | Aqueous wrote:
       | Article contains virtually nothing on what it is or how it's
       | grown.
        
         | stefantalpalaru wrote:
         | > Article contains virtually nothing on what it is or how it's
         | grown.
         | 
         | Maybe because it's grown in freshly squeezed aborted calves:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_bovine_serum
        
       | jimdavenport wrote:
       | Maybe don't use the verb "pump"?
        
       | davidivadavid wrote:
       | How much research is being done into exploring "exotic" new
       | invented fake-meats with different textures / tastes / etc. ?
        
         | bckr wrote:
         | Slow down! I'm not ready for Meech Munchies
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | > World's first lab-grown meat facility pumps out 5k burgers per
       | day
       | 
       | If this was true billion $ industries just ended. The stock
       | market would collapse.
       | 
       | What they are really doing is amazing. But it's all a while off
       | yet.
        
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