[HN Gopher] Vegetables have become far less nutritious (2018)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Vegetables have become far less nutritious (2018)
        
       Author : johndcook
       Score  : 368 points
       Date   : 2021-06-27 20:04 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
        
       | todsacerdoti wrote:
       | If you are interested in this topic and want to know more, I
       | highly recommend the book The Dorito Effect -
       | https://www.amazon.com/dp/1476724237/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_awdb_imm...
        
       | minitoar wrote:
       | The title of the article is "Challenges in the Diagnosis of
       | Magnesium Status"
        
         | ratsmack wrote:
         | But it does cover more than that and the current title is
         | pretty close.
        
           | gus_massa wrote:
           | The guidelines
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html ask to use
           | the original title unless it's linkbait or wrong.
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | I get it's there in the guidelines (notably not called
             | rules) however when the title isn't informative I'd rather
             | have the modified title personally.
        
             | sundarurfriend wrote:
             | But in practice, even dang(/team) themselves sometimes
             | change the title away from the original, to be more
             | indicative of the article content, even when it isn't
             | exactly linkbait or wrong per se.
        
       | interlocutor wrote:
       | Magnesium solved two problems for me: stiff muscles and insomnia.
       | 
       | Scientific information about how magnesium works is hard to come
       | by. Here's what I have been able to gather from various sources:
       | The cells in your body need calcium to go into "on state". To go
       | into "off state" magnesium has to go in and displace calcium.
       | 
       | When your body is low on magnesium your muscles can't go into
       | "off state" and your muscles become stiff. To relax you need an
       | Epsom salt bath (it contains magnesium) or just take magnesium
       | supplements.
       | 
       | When your brain cells can't go to "off state" you can't sleep.
       | You need magnesium to help your brain cells go into off state.
       | However the "blood brain barrier" (look it up) prevents magnesium
       | from easily entering the brain. Magnesium l-threonate (that's a
       | compound of magnesium, not a brand name) can pass through this
       | barrier and help you sleep.
       | 
       | I have had sleep issues for many years. I saw many doctors
       | including sleep specialists but all they wanted to do is put me
       | on prescription meds. But these meds are addictive and you have
       | to take it for the rest of your life. I didn't want that. These
       | are "quick fixes". As a software developer I was interested in
       | finding the underlying problem and fix that, as opposed to the
       | quick fixes that the medical community was offering me.
       | 
       | A breakthrough came when I saw a naturopathic doctor for my stiff
       | muscles and she advised me to take Epsom salt baths. That seemed
       | to help. I investigated more and found out that the ingredient in
       | Epsom salt that helped me is magnesium. Then I found out that you
       | can actually get magnesium pills and tried that. That worked
       | remarkably well. But the big surprise was that I slept better the
       | night I tried the magnesium pill. Since then I have been
       | researching how it is that magnesium helped me sleep.
       | 
       | Stress depletes magnesium in your body. If you are a software
       | developer you are stressing your brain all day when you do your
       | job and you are depleting magnesium. Low magnesium levels causes
       | muscle issues as well as sleep issues. Magnesium supplements
       | solve the problem.
       | 
       | It is very unfortunate that medical doctors don't seem to be very
       | knowledgeable about this topic. When I see doctors I mention that
       | I am taking magnesium for muscle and sleep issues and they seem
       | surprised, but no doctor has yet told me that I am wrong.
       | 
       | Note that magnesium is a natural mineral, not a drug, essential
       | for your body, and found in many foods. Excess amounts of
       | magnesium can cause a laxative effect, but this is very
       | temporary.
        
       | walrus01 wrote:
       | If you ever travel in a developing nation like Nepal and eat the
       | vegetables in a rural region there, and then return to the
       | US/Canada, the difference is immediately noticeable.
        
       | jacobkg wrote:
       | One thing I have noticed over the years is that I am addicted to
       | the taste of Costco's Kirkland signature bottled water (similar
       | to Dasani but nothing like bottled "spring water")
       | 
       | One hypothesis I have is that my body is craving magnesium, which
       | is one of the "minerals added for taste".
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | I had a similar craving for Magnesia, a Czech mineral water
         | high in magnesium.
         | 
         | Once I started supplementing magnesium by other means, I can go
         | without Magnesia for weeks.
        
       | the_lonely_road wrote:
       | Meta comment on this thread so forgive me. There are only 40
       | comments and 3 of them are top level comments stating that taking
       | magnesium supplements cured their health issue. One is anxiety,
       | one is sleep issues, and one is migraines.
       | 
       | These are some of the same claims I hear from the marijuana
       | enthusiasts on Reddit frequently.
       | 
       | I don't have any points to make about the observation, just
       | noticed it and felt compelled to share.
        
         | jonnycomputer wrote:
         | I'll add the quiet part: it is off-topic, non-scientific, and
         | all too typical when any discussion edges too close to health
         | and exercise.
        
         | pvg wrote:
         | Oh, an observation
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOs7YjSLEMk
        
         | wizzwizz4 wrote:
         | Medicine solves some medical problems, if you're taking the
         | right medicine. (I think this is all a layperson can take away
         | from the observation.)
        
         | sabco wrote:
         | For anyone taking magnesium supplements that have found it
         | helpful, did you ever get a blood test to look at your
         | magnesium levels and did they say you were deficient based on
         | the reference ranges?
        
           | patall wrote:
           | Unfortunately, that is what lots of people do not do. Noticed
           | it recently with Vitamin D where everyone was like: "There is
           | much deficiency, there are no down sites, let's all take it."
           | And I was like: "Sure, there are probably benefits, but for
           | people with actual deficiency. There is a test for that, why
           | don't you do that?" But at that point, it was too late
           | because you can't test for a deficiency once you supplement
           | it.
        
             | spfzero wrote:
             | As much as 90% of the US population may be deficient in
             | vitamin D, so you have a good chance of it. That said, I
             | agree that testing is good, either before or after
             | supplementation.
             | 
             | https://www.grassrootshealth.net/document/grassrootshealth-
             | p...
        
       | hirundo wrote:
       | I'd expect the same deficiencies to show up downstream in grain
       | and soy fed cows, pigs and chickens. For meat eaters, that's an
       | argument to spend more for grass fed beef, lamb, buffalo, and
       | pastured chicken eggs.
       | 
       | I don't know if such regenerative agriculture can scale up enough
       | to feed everyone, but it can become a lot more affordable and
       | accessible than it is now.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | LAC-Tech wrote:
         | In Australia and New Zealand practically all beef is grass fed.
         | I don't think I've ever had corn-fed in my life.
         | 
         | And yes, it is very expensive (more so in NZ than AU)
        
         | petree wrote:
         | It can't scale up if it still needs to be produced in the same
         | quantities. It takes a lot of farmland, about 80% in fact, to
         | produce feed for livestock (especially for cattle) even with
         | calorie-dense feed like cereals. You'd have to cut down a lot
         | of forest to make pastures.
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | Permaculture techniques can often support significantly
           | greater density than monoculture, but are often not conducive
           | to machine harvest, so end up being much more labor intensive
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | nate_meurer wrote:
       | My youngest daughter struggled mightily with constipation for the
       | first six years of her life. Hours on the toilet crying, day
       | after day.
       | 
       | At some point when she was six or maybe seven, I read a blurb
       | somewhere about the importance of magnesium for smooth muscle
       | operation. That day I added a teaspoon of epsom salt to some
       | juice and gave it to her. The next day her constipation
       | disappeared.
       | 
       | We all now take cheap 400 mg Mg supplement daily, and in the five
       | years since she hasn't been constipated even once. Closest thing
       | to a "miracle cure" I've ever encountered.
       | 
       | We're all vegetarians and do pretty well on fiber, but increasing
       | my daughter's insoluble fiber intake when she was little was
       | difficult, and resulted only in more bloating. But a little
       | magnesium, whatever the mechanism, fixed her right up.
        
         | rpmisms wrote:
         | > We're all vegetarians and do pretty well on fiber
         | 
         | Thank you for not making your kids be vegan. It's extremely
         | hard to get kids proper nutrients on a vegan diet.
         | 
         | Related: Milk has good magnesium content, more so if grass-fed.
         | If you can get raw milk from a local small farm, it's worth it.
        
           | nate_meurer wrote:
           | I've imposed some dietary restrictions on my kids, but
           | they're mostly glycemic in nature.
           | 
           | - No sugary drinks; absolutely no soda pop, ever, and very
           | little fruit juice, which is really no better than pop.
           | 
           | - No sugary breakfasts. Breakfast cereal is fucking poison,
           | especially the sweetened varieties.
           | 
           | - No kids-menu food. When we eat out, they've always ordered
           | off the adult menu. No pizza, chicken nuggets, mac-n-cheese,
           | french fries, PB&J, grilled cheese on white bread, etc.
           | 
           | Everywhere I look I see people who have let their kids turn
           | into kids-menu kids-- kids who tolerate only pizza, deep
           | fried food, breakfast cereal, etc. And everywhere I look now,
           | I see fat kids and teens with the beginnings of diabetes,
           | hypertension, and heart disease. Any pediatrician will gladly
           | talk about the growing crisis of metabolic syndrome in kids.
           | 
           | My kids went vegetarian completely of their own accord,
           | likely copying me, but they've stuck with it. The main thing
           | is that they've always eaten what we eat. It took a little
           | training, but their tastes developed rapidly (as all kids'
           | do) and from a young age they could enjoy a full range of
           | healthy adult food with few very few aversions.
           | 
           | For example, my youngest still doesn't love blue cheese, but
           | she can tolerate it. My older teen eats blue cheese from a
           | bowl like ice cream.
        
             | rpmisms wrote:
             | And you are a responsible parent for doing that.
             | 
             | I have a friend who was raised on a kids-menu diet, and the
             | poor guy still doesn't like burgers or steak. I'm working
             | on introducing him to the good stuff, but the damage has
             | been done.
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | > Magnesium deficiency can be attributed to common dietary
       | practices, medications, and farming techniques, along with
       | estimates that the mineral content of vegetables has declined by
       | as much as 80-90% in the last 100 years.
       | 
       | This is why, when people defend GMOs with the argument that we've
       | been genetically modifying plants and animals for hundreds of
       | years by selective breeding, that I don't think that argument
       | leads to the conclusions they're looking for which is that its
       | all perfectly harmless.
        
         | gherkinnn wrote:
         | Most anti-GMO sentiments I encountered are appealing to nature.
         | In which case pointing out that it's more of the same is a
         | valid response.
         | 
         | There might be other arguments against GMOs, like the one you
         | put forth, that require different responses.
        
         | jonnycomputer wrote:
         | What does this have to do with GMOs though?
        
         | wizzwizz4 wrote:
         | But it does help focus the discussion on whether the changes
         | are harmful, away from "it's a change, and change is bad".
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | Change in complex system is risky. Some people are risk
           | averse.
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | Is lack of change in complex systems safe? I'd guess it's
             | more that complex systems are inherently risky.
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | No, its deployed as a club to argue that all change is good.
        
       | CraigJPerry wrote:
       | The BBC more or less episode with James Wong is making me wonder
       | if this is true (shorter summary of what James said on the
       | podcast:
       | https://mobile.twitter.com/Botanygeek/status/984708381507276... )
       | 
       | Anyway, from the paper here:
       | 
       | >> with estimates that vegetables have dropped magnesium levels
       | by 80-90% in the U.S. (Figure 2) and the UK [11,12,13,32,33]
       | 
       | Reference 11 doesn't support this claim.
       | 
       | Ref 12 doesn't directly mention Mg but does say some nutrients
       | have dropped between 5-40% which is NOT 80-90%
       | 
       | Ref 13 does mention mg specifically on page 3 but states under
       | 20%.
       | 
       | ...
       | 
       | I think i'm being fleeced by this paper.
        
         | jcoq wrote:
         | Looked into this myself and you're absolutely correct.
         | Reference 11 doesn't even come close.
        
       | esquivalience wrote:
       | From the source: "The high rate of magnesium deficiency now
       | postulated [5,6,7,8] can be attributed in part to a steady
       | decline in general magnesium content in cultivated fruits and
       | vegetables, a reflection of the observed depletion of magnesium
       | in soil over the past 100 years [11,12,13]. A report to Congress
       | was already sounding the alarm as far back as the 1930s, pointing
       | out the paucity of magnesium, and other minerals, in certain
       | produce [14]."
       | 
       | The easiest of those references to link to is
       | https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/view/journals/hortsci/44/1... :
       | 
       | "Three kinds of evidence point toward declines of some nutrients
       | in fruits and vegetables available in the United States and the
       | United Kingdom: 1) early studies of fertilization found inverse
       | relationships between crop yield and mineral concentrations--the
       | widely cited "dilution effect"; 2) three recent studies of
       | historical food composition data found apparent median declines
       | of 5% to 40% or more in some minerals in groups of vegetables and
       | perhaps fruits; one study also evaluated vitamins and protein
       | with similar results; and 3) recent side-by-side plantings of
       | low- and high-yield cultivars of broccoli and grains found
       | consistently negative correlations between yield and
       | concentrations of minerals and protein, a newly recognized
       | genetic dilution effect. "
        
         | Zenst wrote:
         | I was wondering what foods would have high levels of magnisium
         | and
         | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15650-magnesi...
         | 
         | Looking at those foods and daily intake, I'm wondering how many
         | people are not hitting their daily intake.
        
         | noodlenotes wrote:
         | I wonder if there's a relationship to the obesity epidemic,
         | especially since it's not just humans that are getting larger
         | but also lab animals, pets, and wild animals living close to
         | humans [1]. What if we're compelled to eat more calories when
         | we're not getting enough nutrients in our diets? This would
         | impact any animals consuming lower quality fruits and
         | vegetables.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/news.2010.628
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | Anecdotally, this has been my personal experience. I have
           | gone through phases of my life where I ate a lot of junk
           | food. I would feel constantly hungry during those phases,
           | until I ate something nutritious, green and easily-
           | digestible, like steamed broccoli or green peas.
        
           | anfilt wrote:
           | Like that could be contributor, but also don't forget how
           | many calories some refined and processed foods can have also
           | while either being sweet or fatty/savory.
           | 
           | Does sound like interesting hypothesis though.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | wombatmobile wrote:
           | > I wonder if there's a relationship to the obesity epidemic
           | 
           | You don't have to wonder. Read the inside story of that
           | epidemic in this beautifully researched history by Michael
           | Moss:
           | 
           | Salt Sugar Fat: How the Food Giats Hooked Us by Michael Moss
           | 
           | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/15797397-salt-sugar-fat
        
           | alaffere wrote:
           | > _What if we 're compelled to eat more calories when we're
           | not getting enough nutrients in our diets?_
           | 
           | From what is starting to be known about hunger drives from
           | animal studies [1] this is essentially correct.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221457
           | 451...
        
         | jonplackett wrote:
         | It's not just vegetables either - chickens are a lot less
         | nutritious than they used to be.
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2005/may/15/foodand...
        
           | changoplatanero wrote:
           | When my grandparents told me that chicken tastes less good
           | nowadays I thought they were just old and had lost their
           | sense of taste. Actually they were right though.
        
             | spfzero wrote:
             | People I know who grew up in Asia remark consistently that
             | the chicken here in the US is larger, softer, and
             | tasteless. They are used to smaller chickens and toothier
             | meat with a stronger taste.
             | 
             | It is probably breeding practices here, to promote
             | attributes other than taste.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > It is probably breeding practices here, to promote
               | attributes other than taste.
               | 
               | That's a factor, but also stronger flavor isn't
               | considered a positive thing in chicken in the US.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | Everything tastes less good nowadays. When I was a kid, we
             | used to eat tomatoes like apples, just biting into them,
             | maybe with some salt. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes taste
             | like water.
        
               | helge9210 wrote:
               | Engineered genetic mutation that grants supermarket
               | tomatoes mechanical properties of a tennis ball and
               | making them always red (instead of normal green to red
               | transition) is also responsible for the lack of normal
               | tomatoe flavor.
        
               | C-x_C-f wrote:
               | Anecdotally (though studies like [1] seem to confirm
               | this), I've found that tomatoes are quite sensitive to
               | transportation and storage. To me, garden tomatoes taste
               | fantastic; the ones at the local farmers' market taste
               | pretty good too; supermarket tomatoes are only good for
               | making tomato sauce. I wonder whether the tomatoes you
               | ate as a kid had been transported over long distances.
               | 
               | Also anecdotally, I haven't found any other fruit or
               | vegetable that exhibits such a drastic contrast. Maybe
               | persimmons, but I haven't had that many supermarket
               | persimmons. For most fruits and veggies, I've found the
               | supermarket ones tend to taste roughly the same as garden
               | grown ones. Indeed, sometimes I prefer the supermarket
               | version, e.g. for apples.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S16
               | 58077X2...
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | It's because they are picked green, stored cold, and
               | artificially ripened with ethylene gas.
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | The varieties you see in a supermarket are optimized for
               | industrial farming and yes, transportation is one of the
               | things they optimize for. The tomato specifically,
               | though, lost most of it's flavor purely for aesthetic
               | reasons [1]. Consumers have an image of the perfectly
               | round red tomato so all the farmers optimized for it,
               | losing at least one critical gene that contributed
               | significantly to flavor and sugar production.
               | 
               | Those varieties have mostly out competed everything else
               | in farmers markets and supermarkets but if you buy seeds
               | online from specialized stores and grow them yourself,
               | you can unlock an entire universe of flavor. Personally,
               | I've never found a supermarket fruit or vegetable that
               | tastes as good as the ones I have grown or eaten in
               | countries with less industrialized farming, with the
               | exception of designer varieties like cotton candy grapes,
               | cosmic crisp apples, or sumo mandarins (though their
               | quality is rapidly falling as they go from coddled
               | breeding labs to industrial scale). I don't think I've
               | had a "proper" strawberry, blueberry, or raspberry since
               | I moved to the United States.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://science.sciencemag.org/content/336/6089/1711.full
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | You may be right, I recently (a few years ago) ate garden
               | tomatoes that my mom had planted and they also tasted
               | amazing, so that tracks.
        
               | cowmoo728 wrote:
               | Tomatoes are particularly egregious. There are still
               | tomatoes that taste good, but you won't find them in most
               | grocery stores. Scientists are working on some genetic
               | engineering to make a tomato that's mechanically strong
               | enough to withstand commercial growing and shipping, but
               | still tastes good. In the meantime, you have to search
               | for real tomatoes at specialty grocery stores and
               | farmers' markets.
               | 
               | https://www.wired.co.uk/article/why-do-uk-tomatoes-taste-
               | bad
        
           | simplify wrote:
           | This article writes under the assumption that fat is bad for
           | you (high fat = junk food), a false idea that still permeates
           | much of society today.
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | I love magnesium pills! I take two in the morning. It relieves
         | brain fog, reduces lower back pain and makes you shit. (Those
         | three are totally related, btw)
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | Sounds like a soil engineering problem!
        
         | xyzzyz wrote:
         | Can it be solved by simply adding more magnesium to the
         | fertilizer?
        
           | DistressedDrone wrote:
           | I suspect it can be solved in many different ways, but when
           | you sell food by the pound, it's much more advantageous to
           | distribute your limited quantity of nutrients in as much
           | produce as possible.
           | 
           | This seems really, really hard to regulate.
        
             | xyzzyz wrote:
             | Frankly, it seems to me like it's rather relatively simple
             | thing to regulate. We already mandate things like adding
             | vitamins to milk or flour. Extending this to vegetables
             | really doesn't seem like big problem: farmers would just
             | have to buy magnesium-enriched fertilizer.
        
               | alisonkisk wrote:
               | Why pour it in your diet when you can put it in a pill to
               | eat directly along with 30 other vitamins?
        
               | justinator wrote:
               | Vitamin absorption via pills doesn't seem to work very
               | well.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | Diet is quite more complicated that just taking a
               | multivitamin, unfortunately. Some nutrients compete for
               | absorption (Zn and Ca, for example) and shouldn't be
               | taken together. There's also debate about the need for
               | phytonutrients that also come along with plants. The data
               | is mixed enough that the US Preventative Services Task
               | Force isn't yet willing to endorse supplements as a means
               | of reducing cardiovascular or cancer risk.
               | 
               | My personal opinion is that the human body may be too
               | complex to say we fully understand a seemingly
               | straightforward solution like just taking a multivitamin.
               | We evolved over an awfully long time before
               | industrialized agriculture and supplements. I'm not
               | trying to demonize them because they have solved the
               | number 1 concern humans had for the last 10,000 years of
               | not getting enough calories, but I think it's wise to
               | temper the hubris of thinking we understand the human
               | body well enough to expect a simple fix from a pill.
        
               | spfzero wrote:
               | For all of the things we know are present in food and
               | necessary for nutrition, I suspect there are still a lot
               | we don't know of.
               | 
               | Biodynamic farmed food seems like the best bet if you
               | have access to it. At least you're avoiding the worst of
               | the mega-farming shortcuts.
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | Then the issue is to remember to take the pill. Much
               | easier to forget than to forget to eat.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Another issue is that the effect of a nutrient can
               | sometimes differ based on what it is consumed alongside.
               | Pills are not necessarily as effective as supplemented
               | food.
        
               | cutemonster wrote:
               | Also, can be hard to reach out to everyone and let them
               | know that they need these pills. Many might not know what
               | "magnesium" is?
               | 
               | It's simpler to add iodine to salt -- and maybe magnesium
               | to the soil
        
               | slipframe wrote:
               | Because anybody with sense prefers eating food to popping
               | pills.
        
               | Smaug123 wrote:
               | This is an instance of the orthogonality thesis, by the
               | way. Your assertion is that "increased ability to think"
               | should cause "increased desire to eat Traditional Food
               | (tm)", which is no more true than the assertion
               | "increased ability to think causes increased desire to
               | consume Renaissance art". Desires are, by and large,
               | orthogonal to the generalised ability to achieve desires
               | (the ability which you label "sense"). Some desires are
               | not orthogonal - the desire to survive and be healthy,
               | for example, which is instrumental in achieving many
               | other desires - but to argue your assertion on those
               | grounds, you must prove that Traditional Food is
               | sufficiently dramatically better for achieving some
               | instrumental goal.
        
               | krastanov wrote:
               | Come on, this is a bit too aggressive of a statement. On
               | the other hand, there is some anecdotal evidence that
               | nutrients in pills are not absorbed by our gut as well as
               | more "naturally" delivered nutrients.
        
               | slipframe wrote:
               | _" Why do we need to drink water anyway? Why can't we all
               | get our fluids from an IV?"_
        
               | zepto wrote:
               | Why stop there? If you are getting fluids via IV, may as
               | well add in nutrients.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | This sounds grand, but I Googled, and couldn't find a
               | provider/source, where do you buy?
        
               | dghughes wrote:
               | I wouldnt say anecdotal nutrient bioavailavilty is quite
               | well-known and studied.
        
             | ullevaal wrote:
             | When reading comments like this, which are good-natured,
             | and a natural response, do you ever think "wouldn't be
             | great if we as humans had more trust built into our
             | systems, and people actually making a best-effort attempt
             | at honouring that trust"? Instead of everything being a
             | scam until proven otherwise, and even then the scam is
             | probably just one level deeper in what triggered the
             | interest in that product in the first place.
        
               | Nasrudith wrote:
               | Terrible as it sounds trust is in computer terms a gaping
               | security vulnerability. If anothet clever actor can take
               | advantage of it they can gain all sorts of things at cost
               | to you.
               | 
               | Distrust is like an immune system - it has costs and can
               | occasionally hurt you but it developed and is ubiquitous
               | for a reason.
        
               | ullevaal wrote:
               | This comment was triggered by the essay "The Story of a
               | Generation in Seven Scams" by Jia Tolentino in the book
               | Trick Mirror, the essay also being available in audio
               | form online. So the scam here was to get you to google
               | that book, I wonder if my scam will convert anyone?
        
               | gotoeleven wrote:
               | Sadly human nature is what it is. It seems like it would
               | take a long time for evolution to make humans not
               | naturally lazy, greedy, jealous and xenophobic. It's also
               | not clear that, even in a world where resources are
               | abundant, there would be any evolutionary pressure to not
               | be this way.
        
             | dr_dshiv wrote:
             | Why regulate when you can market? If I knew that a brand of
             | zucchini had high mineral content and flavor, I'd buy it at
             | a premium
        
           | rdedev wrote:
           | Veritasium did a video on this topic of vegetables becoming
           | less nutritious
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/Yl_K2Ata6XY
           | 
           | He argues that the increased CO2 in the atmosphere is making
           | the plants grow faster. This is making the plants produce
           | more carbs wet to other nutrients, making the plant less
           | nutritious compared to the past
        
         | wincy wrote:
         | Interesting. I recently started using Magnesium Glycinate as a
         | supplement and I feel it truly changed my life, not
         | exaggerating. I've suffered from chronic general anxiety for
         | most of my teens and adult life. Magnesium has completely
         | cleared this up, things I thought were just part of my
         | personality (being anxious and other associated things) were
         | actually due to a chronic magnesium deficiency. I just have to
         | make sure I get a decent amount of calcium in my diet (via
         | canned mackerel mostly) to avoid muscle twitches from the
         | magnesium.
        
           | lr4444lr wrote:
           | Did the glycinate formulation have a markedly better effect
           | than more common alternatives?
        
             | cwkoss wrote:
             | Ive read people recommend glycinate because they find that
             | salt has less laxative effects than the others
        
             | wincy wrote:
             | Not really sure, I heard that magnesium citrate can have
             | laxative effects. I used to use cal-mag which helped
             | anxiety but it never really "clicked" in my head that it
             | was helping, I used it for muscle cramps.
        
               | specialist wrote:
               | Ditto. I'm using mg orotate for that reason. Haven't
               | tried mg glycinate.
        
           | lk0nga wrote:
           | The RDA on Magnesium is almost never there on multivitamin
           | formulas and so should be added separatedly, I can't really
           | feel that (significantly) it helps for anxiety or jittery
           | though, same goes for theanine, in fact theanine makes my
           | jittery/anxiety worse. Best for jittery/anxiety is taurine,
           | at around 2 grams per each 100mg of caffeine, YMMV.
           | 
           | I've noted overall anxiety got noteacible better when I added
           | DHEA, I'd guess due to changes in the cortisol to DHEA ratio.
        
           | etaioinshrdlu wrote:
           | I have been heavy dosing magnesium (glycinate, citrate) for
           | years and am still a nervous wreck. Your mileage may vary.
        
             | Samin100 wrote:
             | I've recently switched to magnesium L-Threonate which has
             | shown to be far more effective at being absorbed by the
             | brain and I've found myself far less anxious in social
             | situations.
             | 
             | The L-Threonate compound was developed at MIT specifically
             | for better brain absorption. Source: https://dspace.mit.edu
             | /bitstream/handle/1721.1/96066/Slutsky...
        
               | OnACoffeeBreak wrote:
               | I found that mag l-threonate helps me fall asleep after
               | an anxious afternoon/night but I'm groggy in the morning.
               | Also, I've read anecdotal reports that after a couple of
               | weeks of regular use, the effect flattens out (sorry, too
               | lazy to search for those reports) and one has to take a
               | break for the effect to return. Have you noticed anything
               | along those lines?
        
           | fasteo wrote:
           | You may want to add theanine to the mix in a 2:1 mag:theanine
           | ratio. It will improve you anxiety even further
        
           | TrevorFancher wrote:
           | How much and which brand do you take?
        
             | colsandurz wrote:
             | Not sure what he's doing but this should help:
             | 
             | http://fellrnr.com/wiki/Magnesium
        
             | wincy wrote:
             | I use this[0] not every day because I'll get muscle spasms
             | unless I eat a lot of calcium, but a few times a week seems
             | to make a big difference.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07ZD7R4RF/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api
             | _glt_...
        
               | bmuon wrote:
               | If you're getting muscle spams, are you really
               | "supplementing"?
        
               | s5300 wrote:
               | Yes.
               | 
               | Just like if you take some extra Zinc (30mg-50mg
               | picolinate) for a variety of reasons - you have to take a
               | bit of copper with it, or eventually your copper supplies
               | will be drained and start causing issues.
        
               | wincy wrote:
               | I'm not 100% sure if it was zinc but I supplemented zinc
               | for like a week then had the worst constipation of my
               | entire life. Like, wife had to run to the pharmacy to
               | resolve it while I cried in agony sort of bad. So yeah,
               | be careful with how you supplement!
        
               | s5300 wrote:
               | I'd like to hope most people are careful in how they
               | supplement, and do due diligence as necessary.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, I know how people actually operate. It's
               | quite depressing.
        
               | rblatz wrote:
               | Weird I take magnesium to prevent muscle cramps. I don't
               | supplement calcium at all.
        
       | Mirioron wrote:
       | Should vitamin and mineral levels be checked during yearly
       | checkups as standard practice? It seems like it would give us a
       | lot of useful data and help people live healthier lives.
        
         | rpmisms wrote:
         | I know Weston A. Price is a bit of a controversial topic, but
         | his work does show the demineralization of the western world
         | quite effectively. I think supplementation alone is simply a
         | patch on the larger issue, which is the degradation of our land
         | and farming practices.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | Vitamin D deficiency is fairly common, it would make sense to
         | check for it.
        
       | jfk13 wrote:
       | Previous discussion:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20965771
        
       | scandox wrote:
       | And less tasty. One of my in-laws started an organic garden
       | solely to supply a local hotel down the country and she gave us a
       | big box of vegetables when we were leaving after a visit.
       | 
       | It was very revealing. Everything she gave us had distinct and
       | powerful tastes that were blatantly lacking from their
       | supermarket equivalents (including the ones that say Organic on
       | the label). The garlic blew my mind: I used the usual number of
       | cloves in a recipe and ... well ... we were reeking.
        
       | Xcelerate wrote:
       | When we moved to the Bay Area, I started going to the farmers
       | markets and was blown away by the quality of the vegetables. Peas
       | grown at Iacopi Farms in Half Moon Bay were crisp and sweet.
       | Zuckerman's Farm grew a special kind of squash bred specifically
       | for flavor (honeynut squash). Fresh plums pulled off of trees in
       | San Francisco were just bursting with juice. Mashed potatoes made
       | from La Ratte potatoes. And Delta asparagus -- wow.
       | 
       | Now that we've left the Bay Area, I find that I'm even more
       | disappointed by grocery store vegetables than I used to be. The
       | vegetables are dry, wilted, flavorless -- repugnant even. No
       | wonder children don't want to eat them. Seriously considering
       | setting up a miniature green house and growing my own stuff at
       | this point.
        
         | mycall wrote:
         | Vertical farming is replacing green houses these days.
        
         | icedistilled wrote:
         | More people should grow some food in their yard. There's quite
         | a few benefits to it in addition to getting a small amount of
         | produce like better understanding of natural cycles and more of
         | a connection to the environment that sustains us.
        
           | rpmisms wrote:
           | Steve Solomon is the go-to guy for how to grow nutrient-dense
           | backyard produce.
        
         | kossTKR wrote:
         | A good example of this is "good" Tomatoes versus the slimy,
         | gooey, tasteless thing you find in supermarkets. It's like a
         | completely different vegetable.
         | 
         | Personally, i feel like something is "unbalanced" or missing in
         | me as i get these flashes of "waking up" not to some euphoria
         | or bliss but just clarity that feels "normal" that sometimes
         | lasts for hours.
         | 
         | I'm pretty sure most people are deficient in various "hard to
         | measure" nutrients - i myself for example have felt completely
         | changed after megadosing B12, but as with most supplements the
         | effects rarely lasts. The culprit i suspect is mostly soil
         | depletion and diet that despite being more varied often is
         | grown from "diluted" soil, and with most calories from
         | incredibly refined and therefore nutrientlesss fats and
         | carbohydrates.
         | 
         | Gut biome is probably another important mirror aspect in this
         | system.
        
         | ferdowsi wrote:
         | You were previously buying family-farm vegetables and switched
         | to industrialized, grocery store produce. You can definitely
         | walk into a Safeway in SF and get garbage produce.
         | 
         | Hopefully your local ecosystem supports some native farming
         | that you can make use of.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | Check if a farmer market is held near where you live. It may be
         | seasonal, but it's still better than dull vegs around the year.
        
           | VLM wrote:
           | Around here its the same brands and same cardboard boxes at
           | the farmers market, the upscale supermarket, and the organic
           | supermarket, although they mark the price up at the farmers
           | market because of the extra labor and substantial fees the
           | market charges, also its sort of a hipster tax. In addition
           | to paying to park at the farmers market.
        
         | yumraj wrote:
         | Which farmers market? Not all farmers markets here are equal,
         | so curious.
        
       | mahgnous wrote:
       | And people think artificial meat is gonna be good for them, LOL.
        
       | cultofmetatron wrote:
       | one big potential problem with simply adding magnesium to
       | fertilizers is that its is extremely hydrophilic and will lock to
       | water and become impenetrable. My suspicion is that one of the
       | larger issues that aren't even discussed is the role of fungi in
       | the soil. Usually there is a symbiotic relationship between
       | plants and fungi whereby the fungi breaks down minerals in the
       | soil and hands off these precious ions to the plant in exchange
       | for sugars. By giving readily digestible nutrients to the plants
       | via artificial fertilizers, we rob the fungi of its role. The
       | plants stop working with the fungi and they soon die off. This in
       | turn robs us of nutrients the plant would have attained as a
       | result of the symbiotic relationship. Magnesium being among them.
        
       | seaorg wrote:
       | If you put a whole cow into a meat grinder, the resulting paste
       | contains every single micro and macro nutrient required by the
       | human body, in their most bioavailable forms, many of which are
       | completely absent in vegetarian and vegan diets.
       | 
       | For millions of years, humans ate ruminant animals who's herds
       | they followed around, and almost nothing else.
       | 
       | People who eat nothing but ruminant meat and organs become slim
       | even in advanced age, ripped without going to the gym, regain
       | hair, lose their psoriasis, feel mentally sharper, and see their
       | autoimmune problems go away. And couples who do it get pregnant
       | immediately after failing for years. It's all documented on
       | meatrx success stories section.
       | 
       | Two doctors have now ate nothing but meat, animal fat and organs
       | for two years and posted their test results. CAC scores of zero
       | despite high LDL. Their hearts are in perfect health.
       | 
       | I'm not breaking guidelines so don't flag me.
        
         | objclxt wrote:
         | > For millions of years, humans ate ruminant animals who's
         | herds they followed around, and almost nothing else.
         | 
         | This is just wrong. Nearly all archeological evidence suggests
         | humans were hunter-gatherers. They hunted (meat) and they
         | gathered (fruit, vegetables, nuts, etc). Hunter gathering
         | represents about 90% of human history prior to the invention of
         | agriculture.
         | 
         | > And couples who do it get pregnant immediately after failing
         | for years. It's all documented on meatrx success stories
         | section.
         | 
         | Ah yes, because the company _selling the diet plan_ has no
         | incentive not to mislead you with highly selective research.
        
           | seaorg wrote:
           | It's not wrong at all. The amount of edible carbohydrates we
           | ate then was basically nothing compared to the astounding
           | amount of carbohydrates we eat now. We eat almost nothing
           | else. Our bodies aren't meant to be flooded with
           | carbohydrates all the time, and chronic disease and diabetes
           | is the result. Our ancestors didn't have diabetes and it's
           | becoming clear that exercise doesn't fill the gap.
           | 
           | There is no diet plan. They don't sell you anything that you
           | need in order to do the diet. And it's just video testimony,
           | long interviews from all kinds of people who experience
           | things like sudden pregnancy. I have looked through all of
           | this and practically everything else out there about this and
           | it's not a scam. I have never believed in or practiced a diet
           | before in my life. I have never fallen for a scam in my
           | entire life. It's real.
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | > I have never believed in or practiced a diet before in my
             | life. I have never fallen for a scam in my entire life.
             | 
             | That second sentence alone is a bright red flag with
             | sequins and bells on. But in this context... if you don't
             | believe in this red meat diet, why are you pitching it so
             | hard?
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | > humans ate ruminant animals who's herds they followed
             | around, and almost nothing else.
             | 
             | This is the incorrect part. Meat was never the sole part of
             | human or any human ancestors diet, for starters we don't
             | have the teeth for it. The rest of the diet may have been
             | lower carb than what we eat now but it was not meat only.
        
               | seaorg wrote:
               | Fair enough. We strip fat out of everything now. Fat free
               | this and fat free that. Red meat is demonized.it's a part
               | of our evolutionarily consistent diet...
        
               | rpmisms wrote:
               | Fat is really good for you, as long as it's fat you can
               | find in nature. For example, the fat below the skin on a
               | cut of salmon. Utterly delicious, super healthy, and will
               | make your brain work better.
        
               | 988747 wrote:
               | Some scientists seem to disagree [1] They theory is
               | basically that for the first few millions years of
               | evolution we were eating mostly meat, and switched to
               | more plant-based diet when we ran out of big animals to
               | hunt, which was quite recently.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.livescience.com/humans-were-super-
               | predators.html
        
             | robotresearcher wrote:
             | > I have never fallen for a scam in my entire life
             | 
             | Your username...
        
               | seaorg wrote:
               | I've never subscribed to any religion of any kind. I was
               | watching a documentary about Scientology right before I
               | made this account. Im surprised anyone at all has even
               | noticed the connection.
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | I noticed, and enjoyed the irony of the username-
               | statement combination.
        
         | bigbillheck wrote:
         | > For millions of years, humans ate ruminant animals who's
         | herds they followed around, and almost nothing else.
         | 
         | This is not supported by the historical evidence. Please see
         | https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691160535/ev...
         | for a popular-press telling.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | > Two doctors have now ate nothing but meat, animal fat and
         | organs for two years and posted their test results
         | 
         | I see your n=2 "study" and raise the risk of colorectal cancer;
         | an n=900 study with plausible causative link.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27655186
        
           | seaorg wrote:
           | Your proof that I'm wrong is some garbage epidemiology study
           | about colon cancer?
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | No, I did not prove you wrong. I highlighted a risk that's
             | implicated for the diet you're hawking. Maybe you'd enjoy
             | living with a colostomy bag; no judgements here.
             | 
             | What about that study makes you say that it's "garbage?"
        
             | celticninja wrote:
             | It's garbage when you disagree with it and solid science
             | when 2 people who claim to be doctors post something on a
             | web forum?
        
         | draw_down wrote:
         | Nobody said anything about vegans, come on
        
         | carbocation wrote:
         | Without commenting on the veracity of your claims (which I
         | don't really believe, and because they aren't sourced, it would
         | require a ton of effort), your writing style is very
         | compelling.
        
           | alisonkisk wrote:
           | Do you purchase a lot of products you see advertised?
           | 
           | GP's comment reads as a cheesy infomercial sales pitch, full
           | of confidently stated BS.
        
             | seaorg wrote:
             | The incredible thing is that there is no way for me to not
             | make it seem like a scam. I try. It's not a scam. Just eat
             | a cow.
        
           | seaorg wrote:
           | Hey carbo. I'm trying to make progress in biochemistry and
           | pathology in a timely manner so that I have more to offer in
           | these threads. And sometime soon I'm going to have references
           | to mechanistic justifications. It's just a lot for one guy.
           | Can you imagine if you were convinced that you had the
           | formula for snake oil and then everybody dismissed you for
           | promoting snake oil? It's like a bad dream.
        
           | seaorg wrote:
           | Doctor Paul Saladino has been very public about his test
           | results, including CAC score of zero, and I consider that a
           | source. Same with doctor Shawn Baker.
           | 
           | And I made reference to Meatrx which is indeed a source. It
           | contains hundreds of video testimonies that will provide any
           | discerning viewer with enough evidence to motivate a proper
           | interventional study. This topic is blacklisted in academia
           | and there aren't any good studies on it.
           | 
           | And if you investigate the mechanistic underpinnings of all
           | of this yourself, crack open a biochemistry book, you will
           | see very clearly that something is going on. We need proper
           | interventional studies.
        
           | mathgladiator wrote:
           | I can't comment on parent due to flag, I'm studying this for
           | my wife and the relationship to autoimmune issues.
           | 
           | It's not just ruminant, but ruminant meat eating appropriate
           | food. Grass fed beef versus grain fed is fascinating.
           | Furthermore, how we raise ruminants is important for the
           | ecosystem. When I tried carnivore diet, I can attest that the
           | benefits are real but so is the hungering addiction from
           | processed foods. I'm currently detaching myself from sugar
           | which is... hard.
           | 
           | I can't wait for properly controlled studies on this subject.
           | There is great anecdotal evidence https://benjamindavidsteele
           | .wordpress.com/2020/01/10/multipl... which warrants proper
           | studies.
        
             | seaorg wrote:
             | I don't see a flag... people flag my comments because they
             | are offended by eating meat. It's fucking unbelievable.
             | Especially if I'm right and it's an important medical
             | advancement.
             | 
             | Yes, grass fed is necessary because of the omega 3 to 6
             | ratio. This is even more important if you are targeting
             | autoimmune. And don't sleep on the organs, I have found
             | that those are important to immune-tangential things as
             | well.
             | 
             | Another note: you don't get dehydrated because of ketosis
             | and glycolysis. You get dehydrated because you stop making
             | insulin, insulin tells your body to hold on to water. The
             | only other thing that does that is sodium. Not potassium,
             | sodium. On this diet you are replacing insulin with sodium.
             | Make sure to have very high fat and at least 5 grams of
             | sodium chloride per day.
        
               | mponw wrote:
               | Grass fed is not necessary. Please check out "Sacred Cow"
               | (https://www.sacredcow.info/book) for the latest
               | research.
               | 
               | I (and many others) agree with your recommendation on
               | sodium.
        
               | mathgladiator wrote:
               | Can you give a quick summary of why grass fed is not
               | necessary. I can imagine a spectrum from grass fed
               | pasture all the way to specialized diets with hay and
               | grain, but this feels like an in-between to all corn fed
               | beef.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | monetus wrote:
               | The advice you are giving is interesting but
               | irresponsible considering how different peoples'
               | digestive systems are. I would downvote your original
               | comment for that and for being off topic, but I view the
               | downvote as a way of organizing comments. Again, this is
               | interesting, but you are pitching a foot-gun to people.
        
               | seaorg wrote:
               | It isn't irresponsible. Nobody is going to hurt
               | themselves with a carnivore diet. I have tested it on
               | myself so how could I be irresponsible for getting the
               | word out about something I have done to my own body?
        
               | monetus wrote:
               | Thanks for testing it first. Using an analogy, your gut
               | may be an apple and while some other people have oranges.
               | 
               | My hunch is that you could push that analogy further with
               | something more hyperbolic - the gut is fascinating.
        
               | rpmisms wrote:
               | > The advice you are giving is interesting but
               | irresponsible considering how different peoples'
               | digestive systems are
               | 
               | This is fair, but you have to admit the same statement
               | applies to evangelical vegans.
        
               | monetus wrote:
               | Definitely. Osteoporosis is no joke. I just didn't see
               | any of those comments. And gah, no one likes hearing
               | someone yell murderer at a dude eating a sandwhich. It
               | just isn't nice. The animal is already dead, let it
               | become sustenance. But anyways, take your gut health
               | seriously. It affects your personality, like some other
               | commenters have mentioned.
        
         | hjek wrote:
         | Most of the B12 from cow flesh is from supplements given to the
         | cows.
        
           | seaorg wrote:
           | Grass fed liver is high in that and many other things and
           | they aren't given any supplement as far as I know.
        
         | lkschubert8 wrote:
         | Definitely going to need to source some of those claims.
        
           | seaorg wrote:
           | The sad truth is that I don't have an interventional,
           | randomized study to show you. I could tell you to do your own
           | research but that's not very convincing either. All I can say
           | is that if you or someone you know has symptoms that could be
           | improved by a carnivore diet, just try it for a month. That's
           | the best proof I can offer.
           | 
           | As soon as academia gets around to conducting a study, I will
           | make sure it's posted.
        
         | throwaway1777 wrote:
         | You're not wrong at all, and animals are an important part of
         | the ecosystem. It's kind of implied that the reason vegetables
         | are less nutritious now is because we don't use manure for
         | fertilizer as often.
        
           | dlsa wrote:
           | Also they often don't do crop rotation to balance out the
           | soil. Part of that is to run animals over the land for that
           | all important fertilizer. Also don't let the soil rest.
        
         | celticninja wrote:
         | Isn't that a bit like survivor bias though? People who are on
         | meatrx (not familiar with the site at all) are already
         | predisposed to thinking that this is the best thing to do, so
         | all the positive things that occur they are attributing to
         | their meat diet. What about the people that didn't get pregnant
         | or who didn't regain their hair? I assume they are not posting
         | about this outcome.
         | 
         | I think some sort of peer reviewed study would be a better
         | source of truth than anecdotal evidence on a site that (I am
         | assuming) promotes meat eating.
         | 
         | I am an omnivore, so I am not disagreeing because I am against
         | meat.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | Who would fund such a study? There's no money in it.
           | 
           | Food politics is awful and leads people to make terrible
           | decisions. People develop health problems due to pursuing
           | plant only diets (stuff like vitamin B deficiency, anemia,
           | etc).
           | 
           | Many overall health issues can be helped by teaching people
           | to eat smaller, balanced meals and less focus on extreme
           | diets.
        
             | vzidex wrote:
             | 1-year vegan here, no new health issues to report. I
             | supplement vitamins D and B12 and omega-3 fats.
        
               | rpmisms wrote:
               | There are people for whom a vegan diet works. You seem to
               | be one of them. I tried it a few times, and no matter
               | what I supplemented, I would lose weight rapidly. I
               | understand that it can turn into a moral argument as
               | well, except that I kill fewer animals than you to eat.
               | Responsibly-grown meat is less detrimental to local
               | ecosystems than vegetables.
        
           | seaorg wrote:
           | It isn't survivor bias when the giant red rashes all over
           | your body go away after nothing else has worked your entire
           | life and your doctor says that for that to happen is
           | impossible. It's overlooked science.
           | 
           | But there could still be survivor bias in there to some
           | degree. We need proper interventional studies.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | celticninja wrote:
             | My wife has psoriasis, she has recently (ish) switched to a
             | plant based diet, her psoriasis has cleared up too. She
             | isn't making claims that her change in diet fixed it.
        
               | Mirioron wrote:
               | Maybe it's _a change_ in the diet that helped? Not a
               | change to a specific, but rather a change in general.
        
               | celticninja wrote:
               | Very possible, but diet changes usually go hand in hand
               | with other lifestyle changes too. It could be any one of
               | them or a combination, and it can also be person
               | specific.
        
               | seaorg wrote:
               | If she is plant based now, she could have only been SAD
               | before? This is the reason why vegans and vegetarians
               | think their diets are good, because literally anything
               | besides the SAD is an improvement. She is a reduction in
               | symptoms because of a reduction of sugar and other
               | things. Put her on carnivore for a month and if she
               | doesn't experience anything I've described then I'll eat
               | my hat.
        
               | celticninja wrote:
               | SAD? She has always had a good diet with low sugar
               | intake, her change was literally to cut out meat from her
               | existing diet.
        
         | dlsa wrote:
         | I can't say nice things about carnivore diets but Keto has
         | worked out very well for me. You couldn't pay me to resume
         | "normal" or "typical" carb consumption guidelines. Blood work
         | for multiple factors, weight and many other metrics are all
         | steadily going into their correct ranges for me now.
         | 
         | The entire "food pyramid" is irrelevant and, based on my
         | experience, utterly wrong. When you're bored just dig into the
         | science behind it. Its a mess. So is the whole "saturated fat
         | is bad for your heart" thing. The science behind that is even
         | worse.
         | 
         | Get baseline medical tests done. Do your intervention and track
         | the results. Get regular tests from a doctor. The difference
         | can be significant.
        
           | seaorg wrote:
           | I whole heartedly agree. I have also had life changing
           | results with keto. Any carnivore diet I do is ketogenic.
        
         | mponw wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing - this would be easier to read if you didn't
         | make it sound like everyone should be doing this all of the
         | time. Yes, a carnivore diet will probably bring lots of
         | benefits to many people. At the same time I want to remain open
         | to other lifestyles and tweaks which maybe don't fit into just
         | one category. I want to eat out of choice, not out of habit.
        
           | seaorg wrote:
           | If you don't have health problems or your health problems
           | don't bother you then there's no reason to eat this way.
           | Eating nothing but meat sucks. It's a medical treatment, not
           | really a diet. Only to be used if it's necessary.
        
       | papito wrote:
       | The must-read book The Dorito Effect covered this years ago. De-
       | nutrification of food has been decades in the making.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | That's right. If you want magnesium you need to eat _Cool
         | Ranch_ Doritos ... they have twice as much magnesium as the
         | Nacho Cheese variety.
         | 
         | Seriously though a handful of Doritos has as much magnesium as
         | a raw carrot. Vegetables just aren't a concentrated source of
         | metals. Nuts are more reliable.
        
       | MattGaiser wrote:
       | A good article I read on a similar angle:
       | 
       | https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/09/13/food-nutrie...
        
         | mistaken_mouse wrote:
         | I was wondering when someone was going to bring up climate
         | change. And this article is the only thing that's brought it up
         | in this thread so far, meanwhile everyone else seems to be
         | talking about taking magnesium pills.
         | 
         | This is just another sign that climate change is making this
         | planet uninhabitable for us.
        
       | skymer wrote:
       | The paper shows that it is essentially impossible for an adult
       | male to get the recommended DI of magnesium (420 mg/day) by
       | eating vegetables alone. As far as I can see, the paper does not
       | resolve whether that target is too high, or whether it can be
       | reached by eating meat or taking supplements.
        
         | cageface wrote:
         | Seeds are a great source of magnesium. Pumpkin seeds in
         | particular have a lot of it and are inexpensive and tasty.
        
           | skymer wrote:
           | The paper says "The highest food sources of magnesium are
           | leafy greens (78 mg/serving), nuts (80 mg/serving), and whole
           | grains (46 mg/serving)..."
           | 
           | So five servings every day of nuts and/or leafy greens would
           | do it, but that doesn't sound like anybody's typical diet.
        
             | duckmysick wrote:
             | The same paper also says "[...] foods containing phytates,
             | polyphenols and oxalic acid, such as rice and nuts, all
             | contribute to magnesium deficiency due to their ability to
             | bind magnesium to produce insoluble precipitates, thus
             | negatively impacting magnesium availability and
             | absorption."
        
             | opportune wrote:
             | A typical serving of leafy greens is quite small, an adult
             | can easily eat 2-4 servings at a time after they've been
             | cooked.
        
       | the_lonely_road wrote:
       | Matter cannot be created, just reformed. There were 100,000
       | humans at one point and now there are 7 billion. All that matter
       | came from somewhere. To be fair, we have killed a lot of animals
       | but also created a lot more in the form of farm animals.
       | 
       | It seems reasonable to me that this is unlikely to be sustainable
       | even if we found a way to send humans off planet. Maybe that
       | missing magnesium gets pulled out of the soil into crops, then
       | into our bellies, and then into a wooden box that sits as far
       | away from our arable land as we can get it.
       | 
       | I of course have no scientific background or idea what I'm taking
       | about, just a fun pop science theory that came to mind when
       | reading this.
        
       | bamboozled wrote:
       | I know we're all talking about the supplements we take, which
       | fixes the issues for the individual, but what of the actual
       | problem ?
       | 
       | I'm starting to feel like the USA is doomed in the long run
       | because there's too many corrupt influences in politics and
       | science.
       | 
       | We're constantly told x is good for us. Until we all find out it
       | really wasn't and now we're in trouble.
        
       | MarkusWandel wrote:
       | This is awfully technical, but in practical terms: Magnesium
       | citrate is yummy. So should we all be taking it or is it useless
       | as a substitute for the kind in vegetables?
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | Magnesium and other minerals don't disappear when consumed, it
       | comes out again with sewage. Hence, soil depletion could be
       | addressed by turning sewage into fertilizer.
        
       | mtalantikite wrote:
       | Anecdotal, but I personally would get ocular migraines pretty
       | frequently for years. They started when I was a teenager, but I
       | was always told by doctors that it was nothing to worry about.
       | 
       | A few years ago I read about magnesium deficiency and migraines,
       | figured it was worth a shot to try supplementing it, and now I
       | rarely get those ocular migraines. The only time I get them now
       | is when I run out of magnesium supplements, forget to buy more,
       | and end up going a few weeks without them.
       | 
       | I really can't say that it's the magnesium, but as long as I'm
       | not getting the ocular migraines anymore I'll continue to
       | supplement it. A bit of a warning though, it can act as a
       | laxative for some people and cause digestive issues. Liquid based
       | forms are gentler. Mineral water tends to have high magnesium
       | content as well (e.g. Gerolsteiner brand).
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I'm not arguing against these findings but the whole subject of
       | nutrition leaves me frustrated at times.
       | 
       | Ever tried to have 100% daily recommended intake of every
       | nutrient? I suspect almost nobody achieves that.
       | 
       | And yet, despite this, and magnesium issues among likely many
       | other issues, our species has never lived longer, grown taller,
       | survived infancy, etc. more than we have now.
       | 
       | That being said, as we understand and overcome specific issues, I
       | imagine we can become even healthier.
        
         | canadianfella wrote:
         | I don't understand what your point is.
        
         | _tom_ wrote:
         | That was 20 years ago. Life spans are falling, as is height.
        
           | LAC-Tech wrote:
           | In the United States?
           | 
           | Average height in Central America quite a bit lower than the
           | US, which is where most migrants to the US come from.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | Not everywhere is USA. In most developed countries, lifespans
           | were going up until start of Covid, even though our
           | vegetables are watery too.
           | 
           | If I had to guess, I would say that life expectancy in USA
           | would start climbing again if all the obese people managed to
           | shave, say, 5 points off their BMI. Morbid and supermorbid
           | obesity is horribly widespread there.
           | 
           | Of course, it is more likely that the rest of the world
           | catches up than that the US slims down.
        
         | opportune wrote:
         | Yes, I've done it [0]. It's not too hard, surprisingly
         | affordable and not bad-tasting, but you are limited in what you
         | can eat, and it takes some research/optimization that I think
         | is too much for 90% of people.
         | 
         | First you need to learn how to get complete nutritional info. A
         | lot of packaged food does not have a full nutritional profile
         | on its packaging, and will omit many vitamins and minerals that
         | could even be abundant in that particular food. To work around
         | this you should use software like Cronometer [1] that allows
         | you to look up nutritional info against various databases. In
         | my experience the most comprehensive data source is the NCCDB,
         | which has all important vitamins and minerals plus amino acid
         | profiles. You can then estimate full nutritional info for most
         | whole foods you buy in a store by converting the store-bought
         | brand's nutritional info to the NCCDB info. For example if you
         | buy oatmeal that says it has 150kcal per 0.5 cup, and the NCCDB
         | info says 100kcal per X grams, you track your store-bought
         | oatmeal as 1.5X grams per 0.5cup you eat. Note this only works
         | for whole/single-ingredient foods, for processed foods with
         | multiple ingredients the ratios of ingredients will vary too
         | much from product to product for the NCCDB to be useful.
         | 
         | You should also get a food scale so that you can properly
         | measure food that has its nutritional info based on mass rather
         | than by volume. They're pretty cheap, and you can do
         | before/after measurements to make it less tedious to measure
         | small things.
         | 
         | Now that you can get full nutritional info for each whole food,
         | the rest is an optimization problem across macros, micros,
         | amino acids (important if you get a lot of protein from plant-
         | bases sources), price/availability, and your personal
         | preferences.
         | 
         | Here is an example of a set of foods I eat almost every day
         | which gives you a very strong macro/micro base: 80g (1 cup)
         | rolled oats, 1 cup unsweetened soy milk, 1 tbsp chia seeds, 1
         | container Oikos Triple Zero yogurt, 0.5 oz pumpkin seeds, 0.5
         | oz sunflower seeds, 2 mandarin oranges. Try entering that to
         | Cronometer, you'll see it's about 800kcal and makes good
         | progress in a lot of vitamins and minerals - relevant to the
         | article, it already has 84% of the RDA of magnesium. You can
         | easily max all other micros by eating a dinner consisting of
         | fish, rice and beans, 1 carrot, and some broccoli - and still
         | have room left over for additional macros (which will of course
         | themselves contain extra micros) if you exercise.
         | 
         | Of course, this is much more cognitive work than the majority
         | of people want to put in, and because it only works when you
         | buy most of your food in the form of single-ingredients that
         | you then prepare yourself, it's not compatible with a lifestyle
         | of eating lots of prepared foods or dining out. However once
         | you invest the up front time in learning how to do all this,
         | it's not very hard to do, especially if you eat a consistent
         | diet or combine things into set meals you can mix and match
         | [2].
         | 
         | [0] The major exception is I usually don't hit 100% of the RDA
         | for dietary Vitamin D. Dietary vitamin D in non-supplemental
         | form (as found in milk and milk substitutes) is only present in
         | very few foods - oily fish and sun-exposed mushrooms. I do eat
         | these somewhat regularly but not enough to hit 100%. But I
         | think as long as you get adequate sun exposure it's not a big
         | deal.
         | 
         | [1] cronometer.com
         | 
         | [2] For example, in the example set of foods I provided, the
         | rolled oats + soy milk + chia seeds are eaten together in the
         | form of overnight oats almost every morning.
        
         | lucb1e wrote:
         | > Ever tried to have 100% daily recommended intake of every
         | nutrient?
         | 
         | I take soylent (that is, a European fork of it) with some
         | regularity. Mainly out of laziness, but also I hope that it's
         | good for whatever I might have been deficient in when eating
         | other foods. It doesn't reduce how healthy I try to eat, but
         | with a picky partner and semi-picky self, it probably helps.
         | It's also just convenient. Would recommend. The flavored
         | versions, that is, not the cardboard variant.
         | 
         | In case anyone wants to get started and isn't sure what to try
         | first, some of the variants I tried or know people that tried
         | it:
         | 
         | - Jimmy Joy (previously: Joylent), their Plenny Shake powder: I
         | like all flavors that I tried (that is chocolate, vanilla,
         | strawberry, and banana).
         | 
         | - Nano: not a big fan of it, and neither is friend A that gave
         | it to me iirc.
         | 
         | - Huel: friends B and C liked it a lot better than JJ, but the
         | Huel Black (B,C didn't try that one) is absolutely disgusting
         | to me as well as to friend D. I and friends A,D never tried the
         | regular Huel.
         | 
         | Not sure how close each is to the original Soylent, but Joylent
         | as a name probably says enough. If you read their blog, the
         | updates to the powder seem to be about things like "uptake was
         | found not to be great for X so we increased that" and some
         | such. I also liked SoylentLife which iirc was closer to Soylent
         | than Joylent was at the time, but they went out of business.
         | 
         | One interesting data point is that I am much less vitamin D
         | deficient than my girlfriend who doesn't eat any soylent
         | variants (she doesn't like any). We eat many meals together /
         | the same stuff, and if anything she sees more sunlight than I
         | do, so that might say something or nothing. There have also
         | been a lot of people that do Jimmy Joy _only_ (eating nothing
         | else) for months and then have their blood checked and it comes
         | back clean. From what I 've been able to find, it's quite fine
         | as a food replacement, but of course you don't have to (and I
         | don't) use it that way. Other brands probably have similar
         | tests done on them but I didn't look into those as I only ever
         | ate them experimentally.
        
           | opportune wrote:
           | The issue I have with soylent and some of their competitors
           | is that they get to their RDA amounts by directly adding
           | vitamins and minerals, some of which have low absorption
           | depending on how they are bound - for example zinc and
           | magnesium oxides have poor absorption compared to other zinc
           | and magnesium salts - and which is not substantially better
           | than just taking a multivitamin as far as I can tell.
        
             | lucb1e wrote:
             | > they get to their RDA amounts by directly adding vitamins
             | and minerals, some of which have low absorption
             | 
             | Do read the blogs from these companies. This is taken into
             | account, and updated when new studies come out. From what I
             | know, the reference intake was a starting point and they're
             | definitely reading the research on real uptake from
             | supplements. (Like, even you and I know about uptake
             | issues, and it's these people's jobs to know about it.
             | They're not stupid.)
             | 
             | Not sure if you saw, since I've been editing the post a
             | bit, but also people that eat only this for months still
             | have normal blood values, so either they're not measuring
             | what they're deficient on or uptake is good. Last I checked
             | was a while ago, probably they were on Jimmy Joy powder
             | version 1 or maybe 2.
             | 
             | > not substantially better than just taking a multivitamin
             | 
             | I wasn't arguing that eating healthily can't be done via
             | other ways. Waterluvian was asking about matching the
             | reference intake, this would just be one way to do it. If
             | you already do it with supplements or even just a lot of
             | vegetables, power to you!
        
               | opportune wrote:
               | Oh, I think I started writing my reply before you added
               | that. Will take a look.
               | 
               | >Even you and I know about uptake issues, and it's these
               | people's jobs to know about it. They're not stupid.
               | 
               | Sure, but their primary goal is to get people to buy
               | their product, not necessarily to be as nutritious as
               | possible. You could apply this same argument to the
               | myriad vitamin and supplement companies which use the
               | cheapest possible mineral salts even if the absorption is
               | trash.
        
       | qwerty456127 wrote:
       | I never believed in getting nutrients (besides the calories) from
       | the actual food. Supplementation is necessary.
        
       | softwaredoug wrote:
       | I had sleep issues for years, including periodic limb
       | movements[1]. My sleep doctor said to try 500mg plus of magnesium
       | supplements. That was probably one of the most significant steps
       | to (mostly) resolve the issue.
       | 
       | 1 -
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disor...
       | 
       | PS full TMI story here:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/PelvicFloor/comments/kq089v/my_25_c...
        
       | newsclues wrote:
       | Funny, that there is a big push to have plant based meat
       | replacements and promotions of vegetarian or vegan diets in the
       | media.
        
         | jbotz wrote:
         | It stands to reason that meat is probably also becoming less
         | nutritious, since the animals are being raised on those same
         | less-nutritious plants. Especially with respect to micro-
         | nutrients and trace minerals... being short on these causes
         | subtle problems which get worse as you age, but the meat
         | animals don't get very old anyway, so these deficiencies stay
         | hidden.
        
         | canadianfella wrote:
         | Why?
        
       | ajharrison wrote:
       | What they've done to your meat and dairy is far far worse.
       | 
       | Go vegan, eat your fruits and veggies, and supplement with a
       | multivitamin.
        
       | version_five wrote:
       | I understand this seems mostly to be about soil depletion. I'm
       | curious more generally if vegetables are also less nutritious
       | because they are selectively bread for high water content and
       | size. For example, its appeared to me for years that you
       | vegetables you get on a Subway sandwich must have almost no
       | nutritional content. They are all way paler than you'd normally
       | see, and super watery.
       | 
       | Thinking about it, I suppose the vegetables may get that way from
       | growing in poor soil, and Subway et al just buy those ones
       | because they're cheaper
        
         | rini17 wrote:
         | Depends on your definition of "poor soil". It may actually be
         | due to too good soil, the plants grow too fast and the
         | micronutrients get diluted.
        
           | jbotz wrote:
           | That's not what happens with actual good soil. It _is_ what
           | happens with high doses of nitrogen fertilizer (or NPK) on
           | poor soil.
        
         | greggman3 wrote:
         | interestingly when I worked at Jack-in-the-box in the early 80s
         | their produce seemed much better than what I saw at the
         | supermarket.
        
         | jeffreyrogers wrote:
         | Home grown tomatoes are typically much better tasting/more
         | flavorful than the store bought ones, so I think there is
         | probably something to this.
        
           | peer2pay wrote:
           | Although this can mostly be attributed to ripeness. Ripe
           | tomatoes degrade extremely quickly so store bought ones are
           | almost exclusive picked unripe and then artificially ripened
           | at locations closer to where they are intended to be sold.
           | 
           | This is also why canned tomatoes are generally considered
           | superior for making tomato soups and sauces. Tomatoes
           | harvested with the intention to be conserved are picked much
           | riper since they can be processed and packaged almost
           | immediately after.
        
             | aledalgrande wrote:
             | This is why, countrary to common belief, vegetables that
             | are sold frozen are higher quality than fresh ones. My
             | brother works in the industry and says if you can buy whole
             | (with certain exceptions) and frozen, you have the best.
        
               | briefcomment wrote:
               | Does it need to be whole?
        
               | caturopath wrote:
               | Generally the finer specimens go to the whole products.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | patall wrote:
               | I would actually argue no. Stuff you grow at home is
               | never looking as good as from the store because worms,
               | rain and so on. Strawberries or cherries that have been
               | picked by birds, wasps or slugs are usually fully ripe.
               | Although I agree, whole fruit make it harder to hide bad
               | ones in there
        
               | aledalgrande wrote:
               | Does not need to, but the whole variety is usually
               | highest quality because the producer cannot hide the
               | defects. Think about tea or tomatoes: the more you grind
               | it down, the more you can mix in lower quality tiers. One
               | exception I know of is porcini mushrooms: the most
               | expensive are whole halfs, because you can actually see
               | there's no worms in it.
               | 
               | Also for mushrooms dried is really good, but obviously
               | the texture is a little bit different when you eat it.
        
             | croo wrote:
             | No. I harvest tomatoes for 4 years now, about 30-50 plants
             | per year. The taste of a half-green-left-on-shelf-because-
             | i-dont-wanna-throw-it-out fruit is better than anything you
             | can get in a shop. You can tell just by the smell, no need
             | to taste it. Sun and soil brings more to the table than led
             | lamps and chemical fertilizers.
        
               | patall wrote:
               | I agree but think its also the variety. I once bought
               | semigreen tomatoes in a supermarket in December in Italy
               | and those turned out great after some ripening at home.
               | But they were not the standard red tomatoes you would get
               | everywhere else but real italian flesh tomatoes. Last
               | year my grandma had only standard red ping-pong ball
               | tomatoes and those were almost like store bought,
               | although grown like you described. The other grandma had
               | old varieties and the leftovers in February were still
               | awesome. There are also rumors that grafting while
               | increasing yield decreases flavour, though I haven't
               | tested that
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | Can that happen, or is color change the same as ripening?
               | I thought ripening requires the fruit to be attached to
               | the plant and exchanging nutrients/waste with the roots?
        
             | version_five wrote:
             | That's a good point. I was thinking about similarity
             | between tomatoes and eggs, where a free range egg,
             | especially where the farmer let's the chickens have the run
             | of the farm, have much brighter and deeper colored yolks. I
             | had understood this to relate to the chickens diet and the
             | nutrition of the egg. So I imagined deeper brighter red
             | tomatoes to be similarly more nutritious. It could be
             | different mechanisms though, or maybe neither is more
             | nutritious, they just look nicer.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | It is common to add sources of yellow and orange to
               | chicken feed, for both free range and caged chickens.
               | 
               | Two quotes from an internet page:
               | 
               | "The yolks in my certified organic birds vary in colour.
               | Because the public expect deep yellow/orange yolks in
               | free range eggs I supplement mine with organic vege
               | scraps. You don't need very much to make a difference.
               | Just toss them the odd pumpkin."
               | 
               | "The intensity of yolk colour may be measured against
               | standards such as the DSM Yolk Colour Fan. Most egg
               | marketing authorities require deep-yellow to orange-
               | yellow yolk colours in the range 9 to 12 on the DSM Yolk
               | Colour Fan. Yolks of more intense colour may be required
               | for specific markets. The most important sources of
               | carotenoids in poultry feed are maize (corn), maize
               | gluten, alfalfa (lucerne) and grass meals; these sources
               | contain the pigmenting carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin,
               | which, together with other oxygen-containing carotenoids,
               | are known by the collective name of xanthophylls."
               | 
               | And an article:
               | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3457452/amp/How-
               | sec...
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | It seems we selected for one trait and influenced another. In
           | the case of tomatoes, we selected for uniform ripening
           | because of the aesthetic appeal and it also caused
           | unwittingly selecting fruit with lower sugar content[1]. I've
           | also heard similar regarding selecting fruit that is hardy
           | enough to survive transport without damage but the same genes
           | make the fruit taste like cardboard.
           | 
           | [1] https://stanfordmag.org/contents/the-trouble-with-
           | tomatoes
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | Supermarket breeds of vegetables are optimized for good looks
           | and long shelf life.
           | 
           | Farmer market vegetables are optimized for flavor, because
           | this is what differentiates them from the supermarket
           | vegetables.
           | 
           | This makes the contrast all the more stunning.
        
           | yumraj wrote:
           | There was a Good Eats episode or perhaps I came across it
           | somewhere else, but tomatoes undergo a change when
           | refrigerated and lose flavor. Due to this tomatoes should
           | never be refrigerated.
           | 
           | This always explains why store bought tomatoes taste
           | tasteless, while home green ones have actual flavor.
        
       | caymanjim wrote:
       | I wonder what the source of the nutrition information on FDA
       | labels is. They're not assessing every batch of produce. Is the
       | information we're told about the vitamins and minerals in our
       | broccoli based on crops from last year? A decade ago? A century
       | ago? Is it possible we think we're eating twice as many nutrients
       | as we actually are?
        
         | ainiriand wrote:
         | This is a very important question, in my opinion. I am going to
         | check how the amounts are calculated.
        
           | wkavey wrote:
           | Please report back!!
        
         | opportune wrote:
         | See https://thecounter.org/nutrition-labels-meet-recipal/ and
         | https://consolidatedlabel.com/label-articles/how-to-get-a-
         | nu....
         | 
         | The TLDR is not every food needs to be lab tested as long as
         | they can take their ingredients and compare them against
         | national databases (e.g. NCCDB) to estimate nutritional info.
         | And yes, some of the data in those databases is old and perhaps
         | overly general - it's totally reasonable to suspect that
         | vegetables grown in one area, as part of a specific breeding
         | line, in a certain manner, have totally different nutritional
         | info compared to the same generic vegetable grown elsewhere in
         | a different manner.
         | 
         | However keep in mind a lot of food does not list all
         | micronutrients as part of their labelling. This actually kinda
         | drives me nuts and I have no idea why e.g. frozen vegetables
         | don't list things like Vitamin K, magnesium, and zinc when
         | they're often actually good sources of many nutrients.
        
       | viburnum wrote:
       | I know geeks love Norman Borlaug, but there was a catch: the new
       | high-yield varieties are dependent on fertilizers made from
       | fossil fuels. These plants grow fast and have more carbs and less
       | of everything else. There needs to be a second Green Revolution,
       | this time sustainable.
        
         | ArkanExplorer wrote:
         | Or, just have 2 billion people on the planet, instead of 8.
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | It's not a necessity that nitrogen fertilizer comes from fossil
         | fuels.
         | 
         | Some of the first massive deployments of hydrogen electrolyzers
         | are fir making ammonia fertilizer, replacing natural gas with
         | solar-driven processes.
         | 
         | Also, I don't think that Borlaug is super closely associated
         | with the fertilizer, as much as with breeeding hardier strains
         | or shorter stalks, to prevent loss of wheat crops or rice
         | crops, for example. For that matter, manure could ne used as
         | fertilizer for the Green Revolution, there's no dependency on
         | the Haber process, that was an entirely different revolution
         | both in time and geography.
        
         | RealityVoid wrote:
         | There is a reason nerds love Normal Borlaug, and that is he
         | probably saved tons of people. Sure, maybe the food is less
         | nutritious (a nebulous term, anyway) but we do have food.
        
           | lainga wrote:
           | Put another way, one might say he borrowed from the future to
           | save the present.
        
             | rini17 wrote:
             | I wouldn't put all the blame on him. Wouldn't be first or
             | last time the narrowly efficiency-minded nerds and
             | businessmen took a good idea and optimized it into a
             | monster.
        
       | PKop wrote:
       | Another argument against the senseless, detrimental addition of
       | Fluoride in water supply:
       | 
       | " _In addition, fluoride, found in 74% of the American
       | population's drinking water, with ~50% of drinking water having a
       | concentration of 0.7 mg /L, prevents magnesium absorption through
       | binding and production of insoluble complexes._"
        
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