[HN Gopher] Types of propaganda, propaganda techniques, and prop...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Types of propaganda, propaganda techniques, and propaganda
       strategies (2017)
        
       Author : jhabdas
       Score  : 210 points
       Date   : 2021-06-22 18:09 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (factmyth.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (factmyth.com)
        
       | mylons wrote:
       | there are so many ads on this blog it is hilarious and counter-
       | messaging to the post?
        
       | ergot_vacation wrote:
       | This article misses the two most important bits of info in
       | understanding propaganda, and how people work.
       | 
       | 1. Most effective communication is "propaganda"
       | 
       | As outlined in "Thinking Fast and Slow" (and in numerous other
       | places), there are two ways of thinking: the quick instinctive
       | "gut," and the slow, considered, logical mind. People, especially
       | the kind of people that read HN, tend to deify the latter and
       | villainize the former, but the truth is both have value.
       | Furthermore, the "gut" actually has MORE value overall, since
       | being able to sit down and carefully consider every aspect of a
       | situation or concept is a luxury that is often impractical.
       | 
       | "Propaganda" is simply anything that speaks to this instinctive
       | mind. Sales is propaganda. Dating/pursuing someone is propaganda.
       | Trying to get a child to calm down when they're afraid or angry
       | is propaganda. People sneer at making "emotional appeals" and
       | appealing to "base instincts," but the reality is that humans
       | spend most of their time living in world of emotion and instinct,
       | not fact. Speaking to the instinctive mind is a more effective
       | way to persuade someone, because the instinctive mind has more
       | power in most people. That doesn't make it inherently bad.
       | Talking directly to a person's "gut" is simple effective
       | communication, which can be used for good or bad end.
       | 
       | 2. Logic is a luxury, not a silver bullet
       | 
       | Almost every discussion of this topic inevitably frames it the
       | same way: there are dark, sinister forces using "propaganda" to
       | manipulate the vulnerable, and we must fight back by teaching
       | people to think logically! Elevate yourself above base instinct,
       | see everything with the cool remove of a Vulcan, and you will
       | triumph, in yourself, and in winning arguments with others.
       | 
       | The reality is that the world, and people, don't work like this.
       | Logic, reason and facts are not trump cards. Quite the opposite:
       | they require a cool, friendly and reserved setting to work, and
       | are thus mostly useless in any situation other than one between
       | friends that mutually respect and understand each other.
       | 
       | The language of most of humanity, most of the time, is
       | "propaganda," ie an appeal to instinct. Victory doesn't lie in
       | trying to stomp this out like a Victorian trying to purge their
       | sex drive, but rather in accepting it, understanding it, in
       | yourself and others, and learning to speak in its language.
       | Careful rational thinking is great, we wouldn't have all the
       | advancements we do without it. But most people don't spend their
       | free time reading research papers. They watch movies or TV, or
       | play video games. Some even still read books.
       | 
       | Stop treating "propaganda" as a dark tool of the evil one. Bad
       | guys use what works, and speaking to instinct works. If you want
       | to fight them (and more importantly, to just lead a richer life)
       | learn to do the same.
        
       | jhabdas wrote:
       | Critical Race Theory is affecting both our children's education
       | as well as the military. And the media is playing games right in
       | front of our faces. Here's just one example:
       | 
       | IO 26 - Interview with Lt Col Matthew Lohmeier, USAF on CRT in
       | DoD, His Book Irresistible Revolution
       | 
       | https://tv.gab.com/channel/creativedestructionmedia/view/io-...
       | 
       | Lt. Col. Matthew Lohmeier called out the social justice scam and
       | paid for it with his job
       | 
       | https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/matthew-lohmeier-...
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | Progressive propaganda is insidious not just in schools, but
         | big tech, social media, at NASA and the military, virtue
         | signaling at every opportunity.
         | 
         | Completely unchecked and uncontested. I'm fine with the motifs,
         | but what's not acceptable is inability to criticize aspects of
         | it without people calling you names and gaining moral
         | superiority over you. It alienates people and is dangerous for
         | the society.
         | 
         | I have a deep philosophical opposition to progressive causes
         | and it's not stemming from the issues themselves, but the
         | simple fact of mob mentality and unable to listen to all sides.
         | No, all sides doesn't mean listening to bigoted and
         | unsubstantiated nonsense, but ones who have good points to make
         | and we silence them. Fuck everything about this.
         | 
         | I have voted for liberal causes my whole life (a couple of
         | local exceptions), but it's getting harder to get behind
         | liberal party for me. It's a bunch of propaganda in my eyes.
         | Convince me otherwise.
        
           | seventytwo wrote:
           | You mean, like, science and empathy?
           | 
           | Ffs...
        
             | systemvoltage wrote:
             | That's basically the reason I can't get behind conservative
             | causes, it's not about classic conservatism, it's what we
             | colloquially call "Trumpism".
             | 
             | I would readily rally behind a center left or center right
             | candidate that rejects both extremes.
        
           | reedjosh wrote:
           | > at NASA
           | 
           | Yup...
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODfOvQ6FGXI
        
             | slg wrote:
             | The message displayed at the end of that video:
             | 
             | >At NASA, we're committed to making air, space, science and
             | technology available for everyone because we know we're
             | stronger and better together.
             | 
             | It will always baffle me that people object to something as
             | innocuous as that.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | >"It will always baffle me that people object to
               | something as innocuous as that. "
               | 
               | This is just basic framing. Every movement wants to cast
               | itself with broad and unobjectionable ideals. The devil
               | is in the details with how you go about making things
               | 'better for everyone' and that's where the real
               | disagreement is.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | Then object to the policy details and not the messaging.
        
               | reedjosh wrote:
               | > At NASA, we're on a mission of equity...
               | 
               | You did pick the more innocuous part. The opening is the
               | above.
               | 
               | Equity is a word being used to mean equality of outcome.
               | This is viewed as something deeply wrong from a
               | libertarian perspective. The classic example is weighing
               | down a strong person such that his natural strength isn't
               | a true advantage.
               | 
               | It's cutting down the tall poppies, and it's asian
               | student's needing better scores on entrance exams to get
               | into Harvard.
               | 
               | Either way, it's a _very_ left word, and NASA is virtue
               | signaling with this campaign.
               | 
               | Another example is here:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpJDnyZqfLw
               | 
               | CIA adverts promoting left values have been popping up
               | recently. Many view this as a way the CIA wraps
               | themselves in a cloak of protection that is the left
               | siding with them.
               | 
               | The left should be the most critical of secret government
               | operating bodies that do terrible things at home and
               | abroad, but if the CIA can just align itself with them on
               | trivial matters like DEI, then nobody bats an eye when
               | regime changey things happen in Belarus.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >Equity is a word being used to mean equality of outcome.
               | 
               | You state this as a fact when only an extreme minority of
               | people actually want equality of outcome. The key to
               | NASA's statement is the word "available". They aren't
               | talking about guaranteed outcome. They are specifically
               | talking about opportunity. It is an ad advocating for
               | equality of opportunity.
        
         | whydoibother wrote:
         | CRT is the new 'cultural marxism' of the right. It is
         | completely bogus scaremongering and propaganda.
        
           | Fellshard wrote:
           | This claim you're repeating is pure gaslighting. There are
           | /some/ who will just yell CRT regarding anything, yes, but
           | there are more who actually read and see what the formal
           | academic theory is, and reject it on that basis. To claim it
           | does not exist is an abject lie.
        
             | whydoibother wrote:
             | Define what CRT is please.
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | > The aim of propaganda is to change minds via the use of
       | emotion, misinformation, disinformation, truths, half-truths, and
       | cleverly selected facts; not to enlighten (although one can
       | technically propagandize true information, using emotion to sell
       | truth, this generally isn't what we are talking about when we use
       | the term "propaganda").
       | 
       | My understanding is that experts consider the aim of propaganda
       | to be confusing and paralyzing the enemy, preventing effective
       | communication, debate and decision-making.
       | 
       | For example, after 2016, the widespread, hyper-inflammatory
       | trolling and attacks prevented the discussion of politics. Many
       | forums I know, including HN to an extent, simply banned it. To
       | this day, many issues are very difficult to discuss (e.g., Trump,
       | racism, etc.); you can't share information, discuss things,
       | because the discussions seem to blow up (and even mentioning that
       | those issues exist might provoke something here - please don't).
       | That's effective propaganda.
       | 
       | It's not clear to me that the author has real knowledge of
       | propaganda beyond their own observations and theories. There is a
       | lot of better research and knowledge out there.
        
         | froh wrote:
         | interesting! do you have a good entry point into said better
         | research and knowledge?
        
       | akomtu wrote:
       | It's a 1 hour read. I'd recommend to start a brief intro into
       | Herman-Chomsky propaganda model:
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_model
        
         | throwaway292893 wrote:
         | Nothing Chomsky comes up with is accurate or ever stays
         | accurate.
         | 
         | The propaganda model is pro-communism. The corporations benefit
         | from China.
         | 
         | The media and hollywood protect China. Russia is still the
         | scape goat though.
         | 
         | On topic: this article itself has plenty of propaganda in it.
         | I'd say ironically, but I know it's on purpose.
        
           | cdstyh wrote:
           | I recommend the preface and first chapter of "Killing hope"
           | for a look into communism and anti-communism.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | The article says: "In versions published after the 9/11
           | attacks on the United States in 2001, Chomsky and Herman
           | updated the fifth prong to instead refer to the "War on
           | Terror" and "counter-terrorism", which they state operates in
           | much the same manner."
        
         | jhabdas wrote:
         | Five filters. One big media theory. Consent is being
         | manufactured around you all the time.
         | 
         | Noam Chomsky - The 5 Filters of the Mass Media Machine
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34LGPIXvU5M
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Have read some of the source materials on the propaganda they
       | talk about, and what I've found it comes down to is criticism of
       | the nonsense is basically a tarpit.
       | 
       | The bit about Putin's propaganda guy is super interesting, as
       | what he's doing makes complete sense within other frameworks. The
       | advantage these propagandists have is they believe one simple
       | thing and it's very easy to signal, operationalize, and organize
       | around. It's basically nihilism.
       | 
       | The article does get a couple things wrong e.g.:
       | 
       | > Big Lie: Using a complex array of events to justify an action
       | or narrative. What you do is take a carefully selected collection
       | of truths, lies, and half-truths that all seem to tell a story
       | (which is actually revised history) and use them to construct a
       | story that eventually supplants the public's accurate perception
       | of the underlying events.
       | 
       | The Big Lie tactic is (as I remember reading in Cialdini, maybe?)
       | something necessarily absurd like Kim Jong Il hitting 11
       | consecutive hole-in-one shots on a golf course, where if you
       | can't contain your disgust at how absurd that sounds, and you
       | have some sense of self where it is offensive for you to believe
       | it, you mark yourself out for isolation and attack. The Big Lie
       | is primarily a tactic to get people to react, and the people
       | whose identities are still anchored to truth are potential
       | resistance leaders, so this lets them paint themselves as
       | targets. It's also called a "wedge issue," and is the
       | complementary tactic to dogwhistles and watchwords. It is also
       | close to a "scissor statement," which is a statement that only
       | has polarized and opposing interpretations. (HN thread on scissor
       | statements: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21190508)
       | 
       | There are also some standard sales and negotiation tactics thrown
       | in there, and oddly, some of their own tactics to create a slant
       | are written into it.
       | 
       | However, the goal of a propagandist is to hold your attention and
       | it doesn't matter what you actually think, because as long as the
       | propagandist has your attention, you are passified by their noise
       | and not acting against them or in your own interest. Arguing the
       | logic or principles? Engaged. Outraged? Engaged. Have a side?
       | Engaged. Ditched family and friends over politics? Engaged. The
       | job of a propagandist is to manage your attention and make the
       | stories you tell yourself the ones they taught you, they don't
       | actually care what you think, only that above all you do nothing,
       | and so small squads of less than 10 people at a time can seem to
       | control entire cities.
       | 
       | The best filter against propaganda is attitude. The question,
       | "how do I benefit if they are wrong?" goes a long way to
       | establishing the necessary personal boundaries that keep you from
       | spending too much time mesmerized. Having an axiomatic truth as a
       | co-ordinate or waypoint for who you are prevents you from being
       | completely submerged by narrative. Deflecting arguments helps as
       | well because they are mainly bait for a tarpit, and as Dale
       | Carnigie said, "nobody wins an argument." If your reaction to
       | something is angry or excitable, you are downstream of someone
       | trying to get inside your head.
       | 
       | Anyway, it's a good and important article on a pet topic, so my
       | advice for dealing with propaganda is: it's _your_ attention they
       | want, only ever give it on your own terms.
        
       | runbathtime wrote:
       | > Propaganda isn't bad by its nature (after-all, almost any
       | content that relays information can be considered a form of
       | propaganda).
       | 
       | I have to disagree, propaganda is bad, as its aim isn't to
       | inform, but to manipulate through dishonesty.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | PR is a PR term for propaganda. I think it was coined by
         | Bernays.
        
         | strogonoff wrote:
         | One can't simply relay absolutely all of the information. By
         | choosing which information to relay, you could say one already
         | engages in propaganda, selective spread of information[0]. The
         | choice reflects one's opinion on what you should pay attention
         | to, which is conceptually not that different from propaganda.
         | 
         | [0] Quoting the article, "The art of propaganda is not telling
         | lies, but rather selecting the truth you require and giving it
         | mixed up with some truths the audience wants to hear."
        
           | runbathtime wrote:
           | There is a difference between not relaying all information
           | and selecting info or misrepresenting info used for an
           | agenda.
        
             | strogonoff wrote:
             | How is not relaying all information different from
             | selecting information to relat?
             | 
             | As to misrepresenting information, the same subset of
             | information could be seen as fair by one group and
             | misrepresentation by another group.
             | 
             | What matters is the purpose of the activity. If one
             | consistently spreads selective information from which one
             | stands to gain in terms of money or power, I'd say that's a
             | problem, whether you call it propaganda or not. On the
             | other hand, other types of selective information we could
             | call "propaganda" (e.g., anti-drug or pro-savings
             | commercials) might actually be beneficial to the society.
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | Propaganda has bad reputation partially because it is
         | associated with world war 2. Prior to that, it was freely used
         | without negative connotations.
         | 
         | Think about it like this. Parents manipulate their children all
         | the time to make them do things they don't want to do. They do
         | not do it honestly, but it certainly it not perceived a
         | societal harm despite inherent dishonesty.
        
           | runbathtime wrote:
           | Manipulating your own children (probably not good if you want
           | functional kids) is a private affair without a political
           | agenda.
        
         | tines wrote:
         | You're using a different definition than the article. It's
         | developed a negative connotation, but originally it referred to
         | any dissemination of information made to influence public
         | opinion. It refers to the motivation, not the content. Even
         | citing true, non-misleading statistics in order to accomplish
         | something good for society is propaganda, according to the old
         | meaning. ("Propaganda" comes from a word that literally just
         | means "propagate".)
        
           | jturpin wrote:
           | I don't know why people are saying the article uses a morally
           | neutral definition of propaganda. It starts with saying
           | "Propaganda is information (delivered through any medium)
           | designed to persuade, manipulate emotion, and change opinion
           | rather than to inform using logical truths and facts. The aim
           | of propaganda is to change minds via the use of emotion,
           | misinformation, disinformation, truths, half-truths, and
           | cleverly selected facts; not to enlighten (although one can
           | technically propagandize true information, using emotion to
           | sell truth, this generally isn't what we are talking about
           | when we use the term "propaganda")".
           | 
           | The article's core purpose is to describe manipulative and
           | insincere propaganda strategies so that the reader learns
           | defenses against these strategies. This is very much in line
           | with the negative definition of propaganda, and not just the
           | very general "propagate information" definition.
        
             | BitwiseFool wrote:
             | How do we classify messaging campaigns the government puts
             | out that aren't particularly manipulative or harmful? For
             | instance, are posters telling people to wear mosquito
             | repellent and to drain pools of standing water be
             | considered propaganda? My understanding is that they would.
             | But it fails the manipulative test. I don't know if we have
             | a good word in the vernacular for the kinds of messaging
             | I'm talking about. Public Service Announcement?
        
         | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
         | > _but to manipulate through dishonesty._
         | 
         | That's a narrow view of propaganda. You can manipulate through
         | honesty as well.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | I think you are taking a wide view of "honesty".
        
             | zero_deg_kevin wrote:
             | Is it dishonest for reporters to report factually-accurate
             | on sensational crimes if the reporting leads people to
             | believe sensational crimes happen often? Which circle of
             | hell do I end up in for posting about Shark Week on social
             | media?
        
               | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
               | That's still being dishonest by omission about relative
               | danger. I meant like the "lead paint is harmful" example
               | that klyrs gave. Getting people to check for lead in
               | their homes is also manipulation, but it's positive.
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | "Don't eat lead paintchips, they cause brain damage" is an
             | example of honest and beneficial propaganda
        
       | ttctciyf wrote:
       | It's a topic that's never been so relevant, IMO, because of the
       | unprecedented scale at which the propaganda industries (AKA
       | PR/"Think Tanks"/"Dark Money"/Outreach programs/"Strategic
       | Communications", etc.) now operate.
       | 
       | For insight into how it works, I prefer the more systematic
       | approach of "Propaganda Principles"[1] to the linked site,
       | however.
       | 
       | https://propagandaprinciples.wordpress.com/propaganda-techni...
        
       | milkytron wrote:
       | > Thus, understanding propaganda to guard yourself against it
       | requires not only the use of sound and cogent logic and a set of
       | facts, it requires being on guard against emotional responses.
       | 
       | This, I believe, is so important to living in the modern era of
       | constant information and media consumption at our fingertips.
       | Reading (or even participating in) arguments online is one thing
       | I see a lot of. Tons of emotional responses with plenty of bias
       | and assumptions being made. But those are pretty easy to avoid if
       | you just don't get yourself involved and watch from the
       | sidelines. Good arguments where both sides are participating in
       | open discussion with facts, logic, and open minds are a pleasure.
       | It's what drew me to HN years ago.
       | 
       | What isn't easy to avoid (at least for me), is the propaganda
       | being regurgitated by those around me. One side of my family is
       | very deep into conspiracy thinking. They have zero trust for the
       | media, other than a single outlet which they listen and watch
       | every day. When I see this side of the family, I listen to what
       | they have to say, but they don't seem to have any taste for
       | logic, facts, or reasoning. Open discussion is off the table
       | unless it caters to what they want to hear or already believe.
       | Any evidence to the contrary is dismissed and not believed. It
       | seems to me like there is no way to get through to them, no way
       | to open their minds, no way to propose viable alternatives to
       | their thinking.
       | 
       | How does one go about opening the minds of those already deeply
       | influenced by propaganda? I have their trust, they still come to
       | me and voice their ideas, however farfetched they may seem. Even
       | if they know I don't believe them, they still open discussion
       | with me. But I cannot seem to find a way to engage in their
       | arguments while involving reasoning.
       | 
       | p.s. This became a rant, but I do want to improve the
       | communication between myself and this side of the family. I don't
       | want to (and can't really) just cut them off, they are nice
       | people that just happen to have some wild beliefs.
        
         | bgroat wrote:
         | Honestly, the answer is gaslighting.
         | 
         | They trust you, they trust this source.
         | 
         | State the idea that you want them to believe, and then back it
         | up with a manufactured argument from this source they trust.
         | 
         | They won't remember if it was ever said. They just know that
         | they trust you, and they trust your source.
         | 
         | Use this power responsible.
        
         | foolinaround wrote:
         | > How does one go about opening the minds of those already
         | deeply influenced by propaganda? I have their trust, they still
         | come to me and voice their ideas, however farfetched they may
         | seem. Even if they know I don't believe them, they still open
         | discussion with me. But I cannot seem to find a way to engage
         | in their arguments while involving reasoning.
         | 
         | Maybe you can checkout their single source of information, and
         | make them promise to checkout the other side too...
         | 
         | Both will benefit from checking out alternate sources that
         | opine opposite to our current biases.
         | 
         | We will disagree with most of them, but then, one can basically
         | find out what is factually true or not from a simple
         | comparison, see which facts have been omitted in the reporting,
         | and then make up their minds.
        
           | skinkestek wrote:
           | Adding to this:
           | 
           | - understand that in the others minds you are the one deeply
           | influenced by propaganda.
           | 
           | - try to create a bridge, something you can a agree on.
           | 
           | - if the other person is a logical thinker you might apply to
           | that. Even when you don't know who or what to trust you can
           | go a step further. Example: The two identical twins in the
           | intersection, one always lies, one always tells the truth.
           | You need to know the way to Rome but you can only ask one
           | question.
           | 
           | - be aware that sometimes it might be you who should cross
           | the bridge. I've already done so anf it feels great
           | afterwards.
        
         | scandox wrote:
         | I am in a somewhat similar situation. I've come to the
         | conclusion that the relationship, the human connection, keeping
         | that open is the most important thing.
         | 
         | Some part of their brain knows that what they're into is deeply
         | flawed but ultimately only they themselves can find their way
         | out.
        
       | jb775 wrote:
       | Just need to turn on CNN or MSNBC right now for modern examples
       | of propaganda.
       | 
       | Don't think they really care about left or right, they use
       | politics as a vehicle to keep the masses divided and therefore
       | under control. It also shifts focus away from the growing class
       | gap and how the upper classes are hoarding wealth.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | clairity wrote:
         | or npr and nytimes, two outlets that especially harp on their
         | "fact-based", "independent" reporting, but is as message-
         | controlled as every other (e.g., covid fearmongering is _still_
         | being peddled as hard as ever).
        
       | proverbialbunny wrote:
       | After WW2 propaganda got a bit of a bad name for itself so it
       | renamed itself public relations. Anything that talks about
       | propaganda and not PR is out of date, but still valid.
        
       | grumblenum wrote:
       | * zero-cost abstractions
       | 
       | * move semantics
       | 
       | * guaranteed memory safety
       | 
       | * threads without data races
       | 
       | * trait-based generics
       | 
       | * pattern matching
       | 
       | * type inference
       | 
       | * minimal runtime
       | 
       | * efficient C bindings
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | >All states essentially sell their Civil Religion (ours being one
       | of liberty, equality, and capitalism in a two party system). This
       | is normal.
       | 
       | pretty painful trying to read the rest of the article after this
       | as the author clearly sees certain kinds of propaganda as
       | objective good.
        
       | kaycebasques wrote:
       | (Tangential) I'm in Brazil [1] for the first time and was
       | intrigued to learn that the word for "advertising" is
       | "propaganda". Of course anyone who has read Edward Bernays or
       | seen Century of the Self will know the connection, but
       | interesting nonetheless!
       | 
       | [1] I also learned that they spell it "Brasil" here.
        
       | narrator wrote:
       | The most annoying common form of propaganda is the association
       | fallacy, which is a more subtle form of the ad hominem fallacy
       | [1].
       | 
       | It works like this:
       | 
       | A. You believe X.
       | 
       | B. A crazy person also believes/believed X.
       | 
       | C. You are a crazy person.
       | 
       | D. Optionally: I won't consider your argument unless you tell me
       | why being a crazy person is ok. Why do you support doing crazy
       | people things like being a serial killer?
       | 
       | Example:
       | 
       | A. You are against cigarette smoking.
       | 
       | B. The Nazis were also against cigarette smoking[2].
       | 
       | C. Therefore you are a Nazi.
       | 
       | D. Optionally: I won't consider your argument unless you tell me
       | why being a Nazi is ok. Why do you support anti-semitism?
       | 
       | This is by far the most common bullshit argument I get when
       | talking with people about controversial topics.
       | 
       | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_fallacy#Guilt_by_a..
       | .
       | 
       | [2]https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/251213.The_Nazi_War_on_C..
       | .
        
       | bena wrote:
       | I like how their description of "Refuting the central point" is
       | "refuting the central point" without explicitly telling us how
       | that is different from "Refutation".
       | 
       | Also "Name Calling" is a form of "Ad Hominem".
       | 
       | And why is "using quotes" higher up than "reasoning and
       | supporting evidence"?
       | 
       | Also, isn't the entire pyramid about the level of counter
       | argument? So, contradiction is inherent in the process. It really
       | seems like "Counteragrument", "Refutation", and "Refuting the
       | central point" are all about the same thing. And if they are
       | different then "Refutation" and "Counterargument" are ordered
       | wrong. Because I think using reasoning and supporting evidence
       | would be stronger than quotes.
       | 
       | So, really, this pyramid could be like 4 layers. Ad-hominem, Tone
       | Policing, Simple Contradiction, Counter Argument
        
         | dragontamer wrote:
         | And yet, Ad Hominem is useful, especially since certain
         | channels are clearly propaganda.
         | 
         | Is it a shortcut? Yes. But as the blogpost points out,
         | misinformation spreads far more quickly than truth. Its easier
         | to shortcut and label certain outlets as propaganda channels,
         | to help focus the discussion on the few channels which are
         | reliable (Associated Press is good and neutral, and mainly
         | factual)
        
           | bena wrote:
           | Ad hominem is never useful.
           | 
           | It doesn't tell me anything about the other side and tells me
           | more about you. You don't like the other side. That's what I
           | now know.
           | 
           | And misinformation usually has one of the problems that would
           | put it further down the pyramid than actual arguments. It's
           | usually ad hominem or tone policing itself. Or sometimes just
           | a straight up lie.
           | 
           | And pointing out those elements would fall under Counter
           | Argument.
           | 
           | Not everything negative is ad hominem.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | > You don't like the other side. That's what I now know.
             | 
             | And that's very useful for establishing which sources we
             | should rely upon in a shared discussion.
             | 
             | My sister's husband was quoting Breitbart news to me. I let
             | him know that I believed that was a propaganda channel. In
             | many discussions, its very important to establish who is,
             | or isn't, a trusted source of information.
             | 
             | -------------
             | 
             | There are others who quote Elon Musk's tweets to me. Many
             | of those tweets have no basis in reality IMO, so I let them
             | know that I don't trust them, and I ask them for another
             | source of information.
        
       | nrjames wrote:
       | On a similar note, the FBI's Elicitation brochure is a good
       | overview of how people may attempt to convince you to reveal
       | confidential information:
       | https://ucr.fbi.gov/investigate/counterintelligence/elicitat...
        
       | MikeUt wrote:
       | > Selective truth: restrictive use of data or facts to sway
       | opinion that might not be swayed if all the data or facts were
       | given.
       | 
       | This is usually interpreted as presenting only half of a story,
       | but the more common and powerful use is in presenting the whole
       | story, while simply ignoring unfavorable stories, and promoting
       | favorable ones. Is a murder front-page news, or a footnote?
       | Depends on the murder.
        
       | torpid wrote:
       | Imagine thinking this...
       | 
       | >"Propaganda is information (delivered through any medium)
       | designed to persuade, manipulate emotion, and change opinion
       | rather than to inform using logical truths and facts. The aim of
       | propaganda is to change minds via the use of emotion,
       | misinformation, disinformation, truths, half-truths, and cleverly
       | selected facts; not to enlighten (although one can technically
       | propagandize true information, using emotion to sell truth, this
       | generally isn't what we are talking about when we use the term
       | "propaganda"
       | 
       | Then saying this...
       | 
       | >Propaganda isn't bad by its nature (after-all, almost any
       | content that relays information can be considered a form of
       | propaganda).
       | 
       | What the fuck. No, any content that relays information is NOT a
       | form of propaganda.
        
         | zinekeller wrote:
         | > No, any content that relays information is NOT a form of
         | propaganda.
         | 
         | Except... that's the literal meaning of propaganda (it's
         | literally Italian for "propagation"). It's only in the Cold War
         | era (only relatively recently in the time-span of history) that
         | "propaganda" have added that negative connotation.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | hezag wrote:
         | Information is not -- by itself -- a form of propaganda, but
         | any "content that relays information" (e.g. an article that
         | uses a chosen subset of the available information about
         | something to expose a point of view) can be considered a form
         | of propaganda.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | Once you learn the propaganda techniques, you start seeing it
       | _everywhere_ in the mainstream media. I used to think about 10%
       | of the mainstream media was propaganda, now it seems like about
       | 90%.
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Why the classification "mainstream" media? Is non mainstream
         | media qualitatively different?
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | I called out mainstream media, as people often assume it is
           | more reliable than the non-mainstream media.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | > I called out mainstream media, as people often assume it
             | is more reliable than the non-mainstream media.
             | 
             | It's pretty ambiguous: Where do you draw the line between
             | them, and what evidence do you have about their relative
             | reliability. The professional journalism I see, e.g. news
             | sections in established newspapers, is far more accurate
             | and honest than the non-mainstream stuff I see.
        
           | decremental wrote:
           | It's quantitatively different. Propaganda is most effective
           | when its reach is maximized because having it appear in all
           | mediums gives it the appearance of legitimacy.
        
           | angio wrote:
           | I believe non mainstream media is easier to recognize as
           | propaganda or at least heavily biased, while mainstream media
           | is oftentimes considered "unbiased" and "objective".
        
             | hezag wrote:
             | "unbiased"/"objective" = Status quo Propaganda
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | That's what the propagandists say: Everything is
               | propaganda. It's self-justifying.
               | 
               | But it's not true. There actually is bias and
               | subjectivity, and various degrees of them.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | Of course. It's not 90% owned by 6 companies.
        
           | jb775 wrote:
           | Most "non mainstream" media companies are actually owned by
           | the big mainstream media companies. For example, look at
           | everything Disney owns.
        
           | stronglikedan wrote:
           | I consider media outlets mainstream when they are all owned
           | and controlled by one of the big groups like Sinclair. E.g.,
           | if they've ever made it into one of those montages where all
           | the anchors from all over the country say the same catch
           | phrases. I think they're different, because they anchors
           | cannot say what they know to be true, but must stick to the
           | script even when they know it's wrong, or they get fired. The
           | smaller independent outlets can push propaganda as well, but
           | they're not forced to, and their outreach is a small fraction
           | of the conglomerates.
        
         | decremental wrote:
         | Once you learn to spot it, you can never un-see it. It's damn
         | near maddening to try to even describe this to someone who is
         | unaware.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | seertaak wrote:
         | It does feel like the propaganda to genuine news ratio has
         | increased markedly roughly since the Trump presidency, however.
         | That's worrying for many reasons, not the least that increases
         | in propaganda are what one might describe as leading indicators
         | of quite shitty times.
        
         | cbsmith wrote:
         | You see it even more on social media.
        
         | jb775 wrote:
         | I majored in Media Studies in college...it's literally all
         | bullshit propaganda. Even if the underlying story is true, they
         | twist and warp the facts and selectively cover events based on
         | the agenda they are pushing.
         | 
         | All media is owned by probably 5 people....but the general
         | population eats that shit up and seems to get offended if you
         | inform them of that.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | Can you support any of this, or are we just using some of the
           | techniques in the OP?
        
           | ab737 wrote:
           | Not surprising. You have these nepotistic rags espousing
           | hatred for the working class which the upper-middle class
           | eats up.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > Once you learn the propaganda techniques, you start seeing it
         | everywhere in the mainstream media.
         | 
         | I think it heavily depends on what media you see. The best
         | journalism generally avoids it (i.e., the straight news side).
         | Most journalism isn't in the top few percentile, but you don't
         | need to read anything less than the best. I stick to the best,
         | and when I encounter lesser stuff (e.g., I was visiting
         | relatives and CNN was on TV), it's shocking and depressing how
         | obviously bad it is. (BTW, one good source I discovered on that
         | trip: BBC World News television - actually excellent cable
         | news!)
         | 
         | But the opinion pages of even the best news sources (e.g., NY
         | Times, Wall St Journal) are 99% exercises in propaganda; it
         | almost defines opinion in the news. It's disgusting to me that
         | they brazenly deceive their readers, but it's ok because it
         | says 'opinion'.
         | 
         | However, where I see propaganda far more is online, not in the
         | news media. I see it comments and blog posts, etc., including
         | in this forum, sadly. The focus on the professional news media
         | is odd to me; and in fact, and ironically, de-legitimizing the
         | professional news media is a widespread propaganda campaign
         | from a specific political grouping.
        
           | njonesuk wrote:
           | The BBC's World Service and non-UK coverage is generally
           | pretty fantastic, but unfortunately they can no longer be
           | trusted for anything related to the UK, speaking as a Brit.
           | 
           | By nature of their primary funding source (a "tax" levied on
           | those who watch TV in the UK through the government, which
           | thus controls their purse strings), they tend to be very soft
           | on whoever the governing party is, especially at present. For
           | one, Laura Kuenssberg, their political editor, has had a lot
           | of allegations of bias against the current opposition party,
           | some of which have been upheld in enquiries. She's also ended
           | up serving as an unofficial mouthpiece for leaks from the
           | conservative party on a number of occasions, parroting party
           | talking points uncritically.
        
         | dotcommand wrote:
         | I'll do you one better. If you learn the history of media, then
         | you'll realize why you see propaganda everywhere. Even more
         | simply, one only has to ask why would anyone create a media
         | company? Why did Trump threaten to create a media company after
         | losing the election? To get the "truth" out there? Or get his
         | propaganda out there? Every mainstream media company, in the
         | US, Europe, China, Russia, etc was created the wealthy or
         | politically elite. Once you understand this, everything falls
         | into place and you can move on with your life. It's sad so many
         | people waste their lives over news/media that exists to
         | manipulate and control them. How many relationships,
         | friendships, lives have been ruined by media?
        
         | cdstyh wrote:
         | I do the same. I look at advertising and marketing completely
         | different now. The enemy of propaganda is an educated public
         | that is capable of critical thinking.
         | 
         | This is one of my favorite YouTube videos.
         | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=KewaCcYF9nY
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | >Once you learn the propaganda techniques, you start seeing it
         | everywhere in the mainstream media. I used to think about 10%
         | of the mainstream media was propaganda, now it seems like about
         | 90%.
         | 
         | It was fascinating to watch the most recent interview Putin did
         | with NBC during the summit last week, knowing this and being
         | able to recognize the tricks. He came out of the gate with
         | every tactic imaginable [0]. The first question the reporter
         | started out with was a hard hitting question about a specific
         | policy regarding Russia's selling of satellite technology to
         | Iran, and he pretended not to hear the question at first. Then
         | he laughed, mockingly, at the journalist and completely brushed
         | it off as a total fabrication.
         | 
         | [0] https://youtu.be/m6pJd6O_NT0?t=21
        
         | slg wrote:
         | Doesn't propaganda require intent? You may be seeing bias but
         | that isn't the same as propaganda.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | The intent is pretty clear. You can distinguish it from
           | sloppy journalism fairly easily. Especially when the stories
           | from one particular outfit all slant the same way.
        
             | slg wrote:
             | I am sorry but I have no idea how one would come to the
             | conclusion that 90% of journalists are engaging in
             | intentional propaganda. I can understand if you think they
             | have unconscious biases that influence their work, but
             | believing 90% of the profession ix trying to actively
             | manipulate you is just disconnected from reality.
        
               | infamouscow wrote:
               | You mean like how every left-leaning media publication
               | said the lab-leak hypothesis was debunked, even though
               | there was not a shred of evidence to substantiate
               | debunking?
        
               | bosswipe wrote:
               | If every single left-leaning media said the lab-leak
               | hypothesis was debunked it should be easy for you to give
               | me one citation.
        
               | whatthesmack wrote:
               | It's harder since they've all gone back and stealth-
               | edited their articles.
               | 
               | Here's one example from PaulG:
               | https://twitter.com/paulg/status/1396769717805780994
        
               | ttt0 wrote:
               | I don't want to necessarily pick on the left here, but
               | the most in-your-face example is all the so-called
               | 'wokeness' in the media. This is a conscious effort to
               | promote the 'inclusiveness' or however you want to phrase
               | it. It's discussed openly how do you want people to react
               | to what you publish. Have you ever considered that it
               | might be your own personal biases that you don't see it?
        
               | DangitBobby wrote:
               | How does one distinguish between propoganda and
               | universally accepted truth? It's not propaganda that
               | tomorrow is Wednesday. Basically everyone will tell you
               | it is and want you to believe it is. Same with planetary
               | roundness. Is that propaganda too? Let's say for the sake
               | of argument, all of the ideals driving "wokeness" are
               | actually rooted in the truth. Would it still be
               | propaganda? How would you know?
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > How does one distinguish between propoganda and
               | universally accepted truth?
               | 
               | One tell is when they quote anonymous sources =>
               | propaganda. Another is using unconfirmed reports. Another
               | is when the only source has a heavy incentive to
               | misrepresent. Another is when the statistics make no
               | sense, or do not support the thrust of the story.
               | 
               | It goes on and on.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >One tell is when they quote anonymous sources =>
               | propaganda. Another is using unconfirmed reports.
               | 
               | This just shows a total lack of understanding for how
               | journalism works.
        
               | ttt0 wrote:
               | Truth and propaganda are not mutually exclusive.
               | 
               | Edit: Finally when we got an actually interesting topic
               | to discuss among the ocean of controversies everyone
               | forgets in a week and tech equivalents of cute animal
               | pictures, mods suddenly decided to limit my account and I
               | can no longer respond to anything. I don't want to deal
               | with this BS, bye.
               | 
               | Last response, since I can't respond directly to
               | shuntress:
               | 
               | Feel free to post examples of right-leaning media doing
               | it. Like for example the mask idiocy, because your
               | example doesn't make any sense. As I said, it wasn't my
               | intention on picking on the left here. It's just that the
               | 'mainstream' right don't have the 'activist spirit' like
               | the left or the fringes have, so it happens behind the
               | closed doors and saying the same about the right would be
               | _technically_ a mere speculation on my part. Activism on
               | the other hand happens out in the open on the internet
               | and you can see all the tactics for yourself. Also I 'd
               | love to refute the 'wokeness' meaning 'being polite', but
               | that would probably be a somewhat longer discussion and
               | given the situation I'm unable to do it. You can thank
               | the mods.
        
               | DangitBobby wrote:
               | Okay, fair enough. My question is, really, "what makes
               | something propaganda?"
        
               | slg wrote:
               | What percentage of the media do you think engages in this
               | "wokeness" propaganda? It is certainly nowhere even close
               | to 90%.
        
               | ttt0 wrote:
               | Of course, it _can 't_ be anywhere near close to 90% as
               | it's limited to just the left-leaning media, which is
               | probably at most half of all media. I don't know the
               | exact numbers, but I repeat again, it's only the most in-
               | your-face example and the propaganda doesn't end on
               | 'wokeness'.
        
               | shuntress wrote:
               | _I don 't want to necessarily pick on the right here, but
               | the most in-your-face example is all the so-called
               | 'rationality' in the media. This is a conscious effort to
               | promote the 'reactionary tribalism' or however you want
               | to phrase it._
               | 
               | You should try to consider what unnoticed propaganda has
               | led you to (apparently) separate "wokeness," as a
               | concept, from just "being polite" or "treating people
               | with respect".
               | 
               | It is closely related to the similar discussions had over
               | "political correctness".
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > believing 90% of the profession ix trying to actively
               | manipulate you is just disconnected from reality.
               | 
               | As I wrote in the opening post, once one learns about how
               | the propaganda is done, what the techniques are, you
               | start recognizing it all over the place.
               | 
               | It's like when I took some courses in sales techniques.
               | Then, I'd go to buy a car, and sure enough, the
               | salesmens' pitches were right out of those courses. I
               | never recognized them for what they were before.
               | 
               | Becoming aware of when someone is trying to manipulate
               | you, how they are doing it, and why it works is kind of a
               | superpower.
        
               | MrsPeaches wrote:
               | Just FYI this has name: The frequency illusion aka the
               | Baader-Meinhof phenomenon. It's a common cognitive bias.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_illusion
        
               | hungryhobo wrote:
               | i don't think that's an example of the frequency
               | illusion. it's only a bias if you are actively dismissing
               | the counter arguments. in the example of car salesman, i
               | don't think it's controversial to say that they do in
               | fact employ tactics that makes you more likely to
               | purchase a car.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | But as I mentioned in my opening post, propaganda
               | generally requires intent to manipulate. So you are not
               | only recognizing techniques, you are assuming
               | intentionality and motive for usage of those techniques.
               | That is the part I don't buy.
        
           | cbsmith wrote:
           | It requires _someone 's_ intent. People happily regurgitate
           | the propaganda they've been indoctrinated with, without
           | recognizing it as such.
        
             | ttt0 wrote:
             | Or rationalize it as a right thing to do. The end justifies
             | the means and such.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | > Doesn't propaganda require intent?
           | 
           | Not at all. In fact, effective propaganda will have its
           | targets repeating it explicitly and internalizing it as a
           | frame to other things. If nobody did that, propaganda
           | wouldn't matter.
        
           | indymike wrote:
           | Interesting. The article defines propaganda differently than
           | the dictionary.
           | 
           | The article: "Propaganda is information (delivered through
           | any medium) designed to persuade, manipulate emotion, and
           | change opinion rather than to inform using logical truths and
           | facts."
           | 
           | The dictionary: "information, especially of a biased or
           | misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular
           | political cause or point of view."
        
           | ab737 wrote:
           | Bias doesn't exist without intent. Even implicit bias implies
           | intent.
        
             | shuntress wrote:
             | This is not accurate.
             | 
             | Especially regarding _implicit bias_. Implicit bias is
             | specifically distinct from  "regular" bias because is not
             | deliberate and lacks intent.
        
               | ab737 wrote:
               | Of course there's intent, it is just subconscious.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | ttt0 wrote:
           | Intent is there, people talk about it openly.
        
         | shuntress wrote:
         | You seem to be conflating "propaganda" with "opinion". And also
         | conflating "propaganda techniques" with "communication".
         | 
         | There is obviously some overlap. Propaganda is inherently
         | opinionated and basic communication techniques used to convey
         | any story of course also work with propaganda.
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | No, propaganda is weaponised rhetoric designed to obfuscate
           | the truth while promoting compliant beliefs and expedient
           | behaviours.
           | 
           | This is _not_ about differences of opinion. It 's about
           | whether the population is allowed to have an independent
           | opinion at all.
           | 
           | In the US it simply isn't. There's a gigantic shrieking fog-
           | horn of pro-corporate anti-democratic extremism on one side,
           | and a smaller but more shrill progressive air horn on the
           | other.
           | 
           | Between those two it's very hard to debate anything on its
           | merits. Most positions are tribally one-vs-the-other, wrapped
           | in triggering rhetoric and imagery, and powered by stock cut-
           | and-paste memes, opinions, and predigested talking points.
           | 
           | None of that is about communication.
           | 
           | There are reasons for all of this. Some are reasonable, some
           | are toxic. But that's a different issues.
           | 
           | It doesn't change the fact that propaganda is the default
           | media mode in the US - not just in the mainstream media and
           | in advertising, but also in the _form_ of the interactions
           | and quality of relationship that are typically promoted on
           | social media.
        
             | shuntress wrote:
             | I agree with you that _propaganda_ is _weaponized rhetoric
             | designed to obfuscate the truth while promoting specific
             | beliefs and behaviors_.
             | 
             | My point (in response to the parent comment stating that
             | 90% of all "mainstream media" is propaganda) is that the
             | assertion "90% of mainstream media is propaganda" seems to
             | be stretching the definition of propaganda from the
             | reasonable one which you have brought up to something more
             | like _" propaganda is rhetoric to promote beliefs"_.
             | 
             | To me, that original comment seems to be more similar to
             | weaponized rhetoric (in this case, designed to promote the
             | belief that "mainstream" media is untrustworthy) than to
             | earnest communication or expression of opinion.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Not at all. It's obvious in the "news" stories.
        
       | cdstyh wrote:
       | The War on Sensemaking is a great series of videos on propaganda
       | and the information ecology in the modern social media driven
       | world. I highly recommend it.
       | 
       | https://youtube.com/watch?v=7LqaotiGWjQ
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | lupire wrote:
       | The best comprehensive list of propaganda techniques I've ever
       | seen was in the "Academic Games" game of Propaganda:
       | 
       | https://www.agloa.org/prop-docs/ See linked PDFs.
       | 
       | More info:
       | 
       | https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/5647/propaganda-game
        
       | andyxor wrote:
       | Outdated, the US Democrats raised the bar with their spectacular
       | propaganda campaign leading to the 2020 elections.
        
         | pacerwpg wrote:
         | I would say the alternate reality that the Republican Party is
         | living in is the gold standard for propaganda.
         | 
         | That's not to say that Democrats don't use propaganda, but
         | Democratic Party propaganda at least shares a reality with the
         | rest of the country and world and isn't in the process of
         | manufacturing an entirely different reality.
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | I think this perception of alternate realities is something
           | the Democrats are actually encouraging. It makes perfect
           | political sense to cast the opposition party as completely
           | out of touch with reality. It also perfectly complements the
           | existing sentiment of "reality has a well known liberal
           | bias".
        
             | pacerwpg wrote:
             | Ask Republicans who won the election, and tell me it's
             | something Democrats are doing.
        
               | bsagdiyev wrote:
               | That's a stereotype. I tend red sometimes, but have no
               | question who won the election. Maybe the issue is you see
               | things that way due to what you see in the media and are
               | told instead of from actual interactions with people from
               | opposing viewpoints?
        
               | pacerwpg wrote:
               | I would say I get that impression from the continued
               | strong support for the former president, who is arguably
               | still the leader of the party, and his insistence that
               | the election was stolen.
               | 
               | https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news_and_polls/over-half-
               | republi...
        
           | andyxor wrote:
           | The Washington Post, the flagship of Bezos-sponsored
           | propaganda, has been manufacturing alternate reality for
           | years, 24/7.
           | 
           | There must be a new academic study on the effects of
           | prolonged brainwashing on individual psyche, too bad academia
           | is prone to even worse brainwashing from within.
        
       | nostromo wrote:
       | There's a lot of good content in this article focused on the
       | media. The media is highly visible and well-documented, so it
       | makes sense.
       | 
       | I'd like to see more content about indoctrination and propaganda
       | happening in US education. This to me is much more insidious as
       | it takes an impressionable populace (kids and young adults) and
       | provides an authority figure (teachers and professors) that are
       | largely hidden from public view and gives them a lot of room to
       | provide whatever narrative they like about politics, history, or
       | just about any subject.
       | 
       | The impact of shouting matches happening on cable news and
       | Twitter seem like a rounding error compared to the decades-long
       | indoctrination that happens during one's education.
        
         | colordrops wrote:
         | The worst kind of propaganda is that which makes certain topics
         | taboo, regardless of merit. For instance, if your idea that
         | propaganda is pushed in schools gains traction among the
         | populace, the idea would then be associated with the "other
         | side", either liberals or conservatives in our case, and would
         | then mark you as being on the wrong team. Its a pernicious form
         | of propaganda that has escalated with the last presidential
         | election.
         | 
         | EDIT: curious about the opinions of anyone who down voted this.
        
         | nescioquid wrote:
         | Susan Jacoby[1] made the case that the lack of a
         | federal/national education system (the constitution makes it a
         | state responsibility) historically results from Americans'
         | fears of indoctrination by such an education system --
         | specifically that their children would _not_ be properly
         | indoctrinated into their religion, or worse, be indoctrinated
         | into someone else 's religion.
         | 
         | [1] Age of American Unreason
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | That's strange. There's no federal system because of 9th
           | amendment issues. And there was no federal right in the
           | original constitution because universal education is a fairly
           | new concept.
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Do private schools not have propaganda?
         | 
         | Student have over a dozen teachers over the course of
         | education. If they "provide whatever narrative they like " it
         | seems students would get a diverse range of perspectives. Not
         | to mention all the perspectives they get from other authorities
         | like their churches, clubs, family members, and... every adult
         | they encounter, and every book too.
        
           | colordrops wrote:
           | The private schools in Los Angeles definitely push political
           | agendas.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | boomboomsubban wrote:
           | Most private schools are still required to follow a state
           | mandated curriculum in many areas, and are still hiring from
           | the same pool of indoctrinated teachers. You could make a
           | propaganda light private school, but that would need to be
           | your explicit goal.
           | 
           | Sure, children will encounter a diverse range of ideas.
           | Schooling dominates in time spent with, and it is the one
           | most likely to reward or punish a child for regurgitating an
           | ideology.
        
           | benjohnson wrote:
           | Yes. Private school do have 'propaganda' - but that's
           | perfectly ok if it aligns with the parent's wishes. As the
           | parents, we have the right to chose how our children are
           | raised.
        
             | Broken_Hippo wrote:
             | I don't know. Sure, you are raising your kids, but they are
             | going to be adults, some with kids, some without - and that
             | is going to require some information.
             | 
             | I think it is a grave injustice to children to, for
             | example, not introduce them to a variety of religions so
             | that they can better understand folks they might run into.
             | Same for not having comprehensive sex education: It matters
             | little to me that a parent thinks some sex - or birth
             | control - is a sin: The child still needs to learn about it
             | so that they can make good decisions _even if it goes
             | against the parents ' beliefs_. Some parents want girls to
             | just learn to cook and clean, and demand an emphasis on
             | such classes.
             | 
             | And so on.
             | 
             | I'm not convinced it is entirely your right to do as you
             | please with your children: To me, it is only OK so long it
             | is healthy for the child and doesn't infringe on their
             | rights... which they should have, and the US refuses to
             | give.
        
             | reedjosh wrote:
             | > As the parents, we have the right to chose how our
             | children are raised.
             | 
             | Downvoted for raising your children as you'd like. Lol,
             | that's HN for ya.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | Children aren't property. It's perfectly reasonable for
               | society to take children away from parents. We do it for
               | various forms of abuse. We obviously want to be careful,
               | but I see no reason to allow 14-year-olds to get married
               | off by their parents to adult men in their cult. Nor do I
               | think it's okay to change that to the parents let their
               | 14-year-olds get groomed for 4 years either.
        
               | Fellshard wrote:
               | > It's perfectly reasonable for society to take children
               | away from parents.
               | 
               | The way you state this makes it sound like this should be
               | the /norm/, though, as opposed to only being applied in
               | concrete exigent circumstances such as the ones you name.
        
               | Ensorceled wrote:
               | While it is not the /norm/, it is quite common: almost
               | 150K children are removed from their parents and put into
               | foster care a year. Exigent circumstances happen quite a
               | lot.
        
               | reedjosh wrote:
               | Okay, but if they send their children to christian school
               | (I'm actually not religious myself), is that too much
               | indoctrination for you, or is it okay for people to raise
               | their children with their own views and culture?
        
           | stronglikedan wrote:
           | They do, but the parents have more of a say, since they're
           | paying for it. And, since they can afford it, they have a
           | choice of schools should their complaints fall on deaf ears.
        
             | cbsmith wrote:
             | Right, so effectively you are getting more propaganda from
             | one point of view. At least when there is conflicting
             | propaganda, there's some hope.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | I don't think the goal with public education should be
               | allowing wildly conflicting propaganda.
        
           | akiselev wrote:
           | Most private schools - in the US at least - are religious, so
           | I'd argue they're peddling propaganda as a matter of course
           | (though not all such schools require students to participate
           | in the propagandization).
        
         | francisofascii wrote:
         | What some educational systems are missing is a class on how to
         | identify propaganda, just like this blog post. Sometimes this
         | is covered in a logic course that covers logical reasoning,
         | logical fallacies, etc. How these techniques are used in
         | advertising, news stories, etc.
        
         | bosswipe wrote:
         | The bigger concern is that professional educators are being
         | overruled by politicians about what is in the curriculum. Such
         | as the recent wave of anti-Critical Race Theories laws being
         | handed down because of a panic created by right-wing media.
        
           | temp8964 wrote:
           | No. The panic is not created by the media. I don't want my
           | kids to be taught how White people are racists, or "people of
           | color" are oppressed. Even I am not a White.
        
             | pacerwpg wrote:
             | Where did you hear that kids are being taught those things?
        
               | temp8964 wrote:
               | This kind of training on teachers is everywhere. Which is
               | also wrong. Shall I wait on it? Or are you saying it is
               | ok for those things to be taught in teacher training, but
               | only wrong when it is taught to kids?
        
               | pacerwpg wrote:
               | I'm saying that children aren't being taught the things
               | you say they're being taught.
        
               | MarkLowenstein wrote:
               | You casting doubt on the poster's assertions makes me
               | incredibly angry. You clearly don't know anything about
               | what's going on in public schools yet you pretend to be
               | wiser than the poster about it.
               | 
               | I have a kid in a public high school. He has shared
               | pictures, video, links, and schedules. Also I have
               | visited local high schools and seen the messaging being
               | delivered on the walls. These schools have one mission
               | right now, above anything else: crank out social-justice
               | warriors; get some reliable street troops on the ground
               | for leftist causes.
               | 
               | Do NOT dare to tell me it is not like I describe.
               | 
               | 1. Special presentations carved out from academic class
               | time every day for black history month, with
               | presentations about white privilege and other fodder to
               | cultivate racial grievance.
               | 
               | 2. A week devoted to BLM during that month, with similar
               | time carved out each day from many classes for a
               | presentation that included justifications for hate
               | against white people and exhortations about how you
               | should become an "Ally". Including a black poet that read
               | that she was justified in calling white people "the
               | devil" and lumped all white people who didn't jump to BLM
               | action into the category of aggressors that deserve the
               | violence of BLM protests.
               | 
               | 3. "Open" class discussions after such presentations
               | where everyone is called on to share their thoughts, but
               | of course only certain thoughts are permissible and
               | discipline is doled out to those who disagree.
               | 
               | 4. A school-wide presentation by the "equity association"
               | that re-enacted all the horrible things white people do
               | to black people, such as saying they like fried chicken
               | and watermelon, to demonstrate just how bad white people
               | are all the time.
               | 
               | 5. Gay pride month where they devoted more class time to
               | special presentations and discussions, like Bill Nye
               | saying that in addition to that little "sex" thing,
               | there's also all these other more important dimensions
               | like "gender" that need to be dwelled on.
               | 
               | 6. Time off granted if you join a walk-out for preferred
               | causes like global warming activism.
               | 
               | 7. Posters around school lauding the actions of "world-
               | changing" demonstrators. All leftist demonstrators of
               | course.
               | 
               | 8. Lots and lots of "No human is illegal" signs all over.
               | 
               | 9. In my kid's school, at least one classroom decorated
               | from top to bottom with Black Panther publicity and
               | aggressive black-defiance messages.
               | 
               | 10. In my spouse's teacher training, 100% of the time has
               | been spent on "anti-bias" and "equity" training. Where no
               | problem existed in the least.
               | 
               | 11. School district hiring 6-figure "diversity
               | consultants" by the dozen, all of whom will do nothing
               | except arrange presentations such as I cited above. And
               | then they claim to need a new tax levy to hire enough
               | teachers or pay them decently.
               | 
               | So whatever you've seen in terms of CRT quizzes and
               | stereotype pyramids, what you don't understand is that
               | it's way worse than that. It's not just obnoxiously
               | flooding kids with racial stereotypes. It's not just that
               | that is a topic that is 100% unrelated to education. It's
               | that they are cultivating racial grievance. And they are
               | pitting student against student to get it done as
               | completely as possible.
               | 
               | I'm a mild-mannered guy. And I've never been so pissed
               | off in my life.
        
               | temp8964 wrote:
               | Where did I say they're being taught?
        
               | pacerwpg wrote:
               | It was sort of implied as part of the conversation, but I
               | see where I misread that.
        
               | temp8964 wrote:
               | When teachers are taught those crazy stuff, I think
               | concerned parents should be openly against it. And I
               | totally agree those things should be banned from public
               | education and teacher training. Simply put, I don't want
               | any of those crap to get close to my kids.
        
               | bosswipe wrote:
               | "Things your parents don't want you to know about" is
               | like crack to teenagers. A kind of Streisand effect.
        
             | humaniania wrote:
             | Yes, it is.
             | 
             | "As Media Matters has previously noted, Fox News' current
             | obsession with "critical race theory" has been a year in
             | making. What once was a slow trickle of monthly mentions
             | has developed into a full blown assault. Since February,
             | month over month mentions of the theory have more than
             | doubled on Fox News as the network has begun to spin an
             | illusion of what it is and where it's being taught (in
             | reality, critical race theory is not generally taught in
             | K-12). Coverage of the theory sharply increased in March,
             | with 107 mentions on the network according to data from
             | Kinetiq media monitoring service. The following month,
             | network figures and guests mentioned it 226 times, and by
             | May, the number had increased to 537 mentions. Not even
             | halfway through June, there's already been 408 mentions on
             | the network.
             | 
             | Just last week, Fox mentioned "critical race theory" a
             | record 244 times -- an increase from the previous record
             | high of 170 mentions the week before."
             | 
             | https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/fox-has-mentioned-
             | crit...
        
               | temp8964 wrote:
               | Your logic is very very strange. Because Fox mentioned
               | it, it must be created by Fox?
        
             | jollybean wrote:
             | I actually do share the concern that fairly far-right wing
             | people are politicizing education.
             | 
             | But - CRT in it's applied form ultimately turns into
             | 'propaganda' and there should be some legislative
             | parameters around it.
             | 
             | The basic CRT premise of 'Minorities who live in Majority
             | Culture are suppressed in systematic ways, and that we
             | should be more sensitive to that and it's historical
             | impact' ... is definitely fair.
             | 
             | So there's a legit grounding in aspects of CRT.
             | 
             | If that were it, then then this would be a good thing.
             | 
             | But the rhetorical application of CRT gets pretty vicious,
             | pretty quickly, and it turns to the language of 'race war'
             | almost instantly.
             | 
             | In particular, using terminology such as 'White Supremacy'
             | which is normally associated with 'Men in White Pointy
             | Hats' as purposefully toxic language, the tactic of
             | castigating anyone who doesn't support their cause as
             | 'upholding White Supremacy' and therefore racism etc. are
             | common.
             | 
             | Controversial foundational elements such as rejecting
             | liberal and enlightenment values (literally objective
             | truth) in favour of one's own 'realized or expressed truth'
             | in addition to issues such as rejecting the foundation of
             | the written word etc..
             | 
             | There's been a few debates here on HN, but there is
             | documentation from school boards on 'how the teaching of
             | Math upholds White Supremacy' because it ostensibly implies
             | 'linear thinking', 'predicate knowledge' and other
             | artifacts of supposed 'White Supremacy'. The response to
             | this particularly bad form of CRT on HN usually comes in
             | the form of discounting classical teaching pedagogy as
             | being possibly too 'stifled' - but that has absolutely
             | nothing to do with race and there is no evidence whatsoever
             | to back it up. In reality - certain groups (Hispanics,
             | Blacks) do poorly, and other groups - including
             | minorities/people of colour (Whites, Asians) do just fine
             | under the same pedagogy and what's more likely is that kids
             | who show up for class, who have good parents, who want to
             | learn etc. (i.e. the obvious things) do just fine. CRT 'in
             | practice' in this situation is unsubstantiated, anti-
             | scientific, anti-progressive ideological rubbish in making
             | excuses for kids who don't do well in math. It's 'good
             | intentions run ideologically wild'.
             | 
             | Last week a New Jersey school board opted to remove the
             | names of all holidays from their calendar and replace them
             | with just 'Holiday'. This one is actually a pretty good
             | example of the intersection of CRT and the effete values of
             | school administrators: July 4, Easter, Memorial Day are
             | just 'too controversial' for our kids to be exposed to,
             | therefore, we'll just mark them as 'Holiday'.
             | 
             | That to me represents a kind of ideological 'crossing of
             | the line': if our educators are interested in making sure
             | kids hear about slavery and segregation, that seems
             | reasonable. Important, actually. But erasing civic holidays
             | because of concerns of CRT is I think 'radical', and there
             | are people in every school board in America who would like
             | to follow suit and CRT gives them basically the impetus to
             | 'Be on the right side of history' (in their view) despite
             | the 'Ugly, angry, overtly traditional parents' (again view
             | of the teachers).
             | 
             | There's a little bit of a postmodern aspect to CRT - it's a
             | 'turning inside out' kind of ideology, allowing adherents
             | to basically refute anything and everything part of he
             | 'conventional narrative' and replace it with ... well
             | whatever they want. This is what makes it scary.
             | 
             | CRT has some valid intellectual underpinnings, but it ends
             | up being like ugly Red Hat Trumpism for the Left. I
             | actually support some aspects of it but I have no trust in
             | the education system to use it responsibly.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, I think the 'sides' are talking past each
             | other I don't see any consensus developing just yet.
        
               | temp8964 wrote:
               | I agree with most of what you said, but I don't think CRT
               | has anything value intellectually. Reasonable thinking on
               | race issues is very difficult, I don't think CRT
               | positively contribute to any of that. CRT is in itself
               | radical, if you remove radical thoughts from CRT, then it
               | is no longer CRT.
        
           | akomtu wrote:
           | Educators, i.e. teachers, are being coerced into imposing CRT
           | onto students by school boards and since teachers have little
           | leverage, they have to comply. The CRT's tenets are identical
           | to those in Stalin's USSR and Mao's China. Just read the wiki
           | pages about the two regimes and see the striking
           | similarities. I think the reason CRT has started getting so
           | much flak is that it's reached the phase when it needs to
           | impose its key technique known as "self criticism" (in USSR)
           | and "struggle sessions" (in China). Americans have noticed
           | that something is off and got agitated.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > indoctrination and propaganda happening in US education
         | 
         | What evidence do you have that it is happening and on what
         | scale?
         | 
         | My teachers, all that I recall, never presented any opinion or
         | perspective as truth. It was always about thinking critically
         | for ourselves. If, for example, they presented a well-
         | established view on the sinking of the _Maine_ , it was as
         | material for our analysis and evaluation.
        
           | sreque wrote:
           | The evidence that radicals have already successfully
           | overtaken Western universities is overwhelming, and the
           | evidence that these radicals are in the process of taking
           | over secondary education is also readily available for anyone
           | who is interested.
           | 
           | If you are actually looking for some eyewitness accounts,
           | Jordan Peterson has many podcasts where he interviews
           | specific people that have experienced the ideological
           | takeover themselves, including:
           | 
           | * Yeonmi Park: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yqa-SdJtT4
           | 
           | * Dr. Rima Azar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIw8mH7ZpFY
           | 
           | * Bret Weinstein: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2O_gW4VWZ5c
           | 
           | He has also interviewed one person who lost his job fighting
           | the takeover in high school:
           | 
           | * Paul Rossi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysQBegyQP8A
           | 
           | He's also interviewed a self-identified liberal and former
           | employee of New York Times that witnessed the takeover at the
           | Times. Starting at minute 8 the conversation diverges into
           | talking about her experience at University.
           | 
           | * Bari Weiss:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFTA9MJZ4KY&t=12s
           | 
           | Bari Weiss says it herself in this podcast, loosely quoted
           | since I don't remember it exactly: If you as a liberal can't
           | see the danger in what is happening, then you have your
           | blinders on.
           | 
           | I would say the same holds true of people who can't see the
           | takeover in education, which is already mostly complete.
           | 
           | Edit: I found the Bari Weiss quote at 43:06: "I have to be
           | honest. At this point, if one can't see the way that this
           | language has been hijacked and used as a kind of trojan horse
           | strategy to smuggle in a hardened, zero-sum identity politics
           | view of the world, to smuggle in a view of the world in which
           | we have collective guilt or collective innocence literally
           | based on the circumstances of our birth, that smuggle in a
           | deeply anti-capitalist position, to smuggle in essentially a
           | leftist illiberalism, then, I'm sorry. You have blinders on!
           | The evidence is so overwhelming at this point.... I think
           | it's because admitting that's true, is extremely
           | psychologically scary, and socially scary, if you are a
           | liberal."
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | There's no evidence in the parent, just the opinions of a
             | few political actors.
             | 
             | > radicals have already successfully overtaken Western
             | universities
             | 
             | Ironically, this uses techniques from the OP. It's an
             | emotional appeal - calling people radicals,
             | catastrophizing, etc. - but there's no evidence and really
             | no information. Hyperbole eliminates information; it's like
             | screaming 'we're all going to die!'.
        
               | sreque wrote:
               | If you don't consider these eyewitness accounts as
               | evidence, then I can only assume you have your blinders
               | on. It is very important to note that these people you
               | dismiss as "political actors" were historically
               | apolitical; they weren't active at all in politics, and
               | many even identified more as liberals or democrats. They
               | only became more active as they bore personal witness to
               | the evil ideologies being perpetuated in our society.
               | 
               | Bari Weiss and Jordan Peterson, two historically liberal,
               | well-educated people, discuss what they consider far and
               | away to be the greatest threat to Western Civilization.
               | and guess what? It's not Trump. It's not white
               | supremacists. It's not racism. It's not January 6
               | rioters. It's not people who refuse to get COVID
               | vaccines. It's not global warming. It's not even China or
               | Russia or Islamic terrorism. It is the self-destruction
               | of our culture at the hands of leftist ideologues that
               | seek its destruction in order to replace it with a new,
               | far worse culture.
               | 
               | I could send you a ton more links with evidence, but I
               | have a feeling you would find a reason to dismiss all of
               | them:
               | 
               | * https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-neo-marxist-
               | takeover...
               | 
               | "The domination of US universities by the left,
               | particularly in the humanities and social sciences, is
               | well documented. In 2016 a survey carried out by Econ
               | Journal Watch looked at the voter registration of faculty
               | members at 40 leading US universities in the fields of
               | economics, history, law, psychology and
               | journalism/communications. It found that Democrats
               | outnumber Republicans by an average of 11.5 to one. In
               | psychology, the ratio is 17.4 to one; in history, 33.5 to
               | one."
               | 
               | * https://fcpp.org/2020/11/27/how-marxists-take-over-and-
               | what-...
               | 
               | * https://www.amazon.com/Professors-Most-Dangerous-
               | Academics-A...
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > If you don't consider these eyewitness accounts as
               | evidence, then I can only assume you have your blinders
               | on.
               | 
               | Not only does that violate HN guidelines, and is
               | irrational and ignorant, it's just propaganda against me.
               | Have a nice day.
        
             | ttctciyf wrote:
             | Jordan Peterson is the worst kind of bloviating bullshitter
             | pushing divisive bad faith talking points designed to muddy
             | and degrade debate, in my ever so humble opinion.
        
               | sreque wrote:
               | I don't agree with everything Jordan says. In fact, as a
               | religious person, I find his attempts to redefine
               | religion as a form of atheism with psychology-based
               | respect for religious instinct to be offensive. But, I
               | don't believe a single thing you just said. I believe
               | Jordan has and continues to do more good than I ever will
               | in 100 of my own lifetimes, despite his flaws.
        
           | akomtu wrote:
           | That's a real thing, though. In fact, some legislatures are
           | so concerned that they've started passing laws prohibiting
           | propaganda. Example is the recent HB3979 bill:
           | 
           | https://legiscan.com/TX/text/HB3979/id/2339637
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > In fact, some legislatures are so concerned that they've
             | started passing laws prohibiting propaganda. Example is the
             | recent HB3979 bill
             | 
             | But that law:
             | 
             | (1) Nowhere prohibits propaganda, by name or in effect,
             | 
             | (2) _mandates_ teaching propaganda, and specifically
             | teaching various propaganda documents, opinion /analysis
             | works, and campaign presentations (the Federalist Papers,
             | _Democracy in America_ , the first Lincoln-Douglas debate)
             | ahistorically as "founding documents of the United States"
             | rather than as propaganda, controversial opinion, etc.
             | 
             | It does _explicitly_ prohibit policies mandating teaching
             | _current events_ , though. But not propaganda.
        
               | jollybean wrote:
               | So I would disagree with both of those points.
               | 
               | For part 2) it says they 'must teach those foundational
               | concepts and supporting documents' (i.e. Constitution)
               | but it doesn't say how. I'm not sure if that counts as
               | 'must teach propaganda'.
               | 
               | For part 1) The Boards are prohibited from requiring
               | teachers to teach current events via an ideological
               | nature, but it does not prohibit teachers from teaching
               | anything - rather they must teach the subject from a
               | variety of viewpoints without taking sides.
               | 
               | "(2) teachers who choose to discuss current events or
               | widely debated and currently controversial issues of
               | public policy or social affairs shall, to the best of
               | their ability, strive to explore such issues from diverse
               | and contending perspectives without giving deference to
               | any one perspective;"
               | 
               | And prohibiting things like giving credit for activist
               | projects etc.. If parents want to get their kids involved
               | in activism, that's perfectly fine but I don't think
               | that's the school's job.
               | 
               | Honestly, I don't like that we feel such a document needs
               | to exist, but I think it's pretty fair, neutral and
               | civic.
               | 
               | As a parent, I would be happy if this were already the
               | 'policy' at my school board.
        
           | seertaak wrote:
           | There are slides circulating on Twitter, apparently snapped
           | during presentations given to educators in the context of
           | diversity training, exhorting viewers to understand, say,
           | punctuality as a manifestation of white supremacy.
           | 
           | Set aside for a moment the very fair questions one can ask
           | about the trustworthiness of these images. Ignore for now
           | whether this was shown to 5 or 5000 eductors, etc.
           | 
           | Let's just assume such instructions were in fact given to
           | educators on some non-negligible scale.
           | 
           | Would that be evidence enough for you?
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | > Let's just assume such instructions were in fact given to
             | educators on some non-negligible scale.
             | 
             | IMHO, and pertinent to the OP: That is out of textbook of
             | how mis- and disinformation impacts human thinking: Observe
             | something emotionally provocative and follow the urge to
             | dive in, regardless of the reality: 'What if it's true???"
             | I've trained myself not to do it.
             | 
             | I'm always interested in valuable, credible information.
             | (And to be clear, it's not your job to educate me - that's
             | my job - but it is your job to backup what you say.)
             | 
             | > slides circulating on Twitter
             | 
             | Is there any place where amount of propaganda is greater,
             | in the history of the world, than on social media such as
             | Twitter? It must be orders of magnitude beyond anything
             | ever. Serious question: Why are you reading it? It's like
             | digging through a garbage dump for coins.
        
         | NortySpock wrote:
         | So, the American Civil Religion?
         | 
         | Dangerous History Podcast with Prof CJ
         | https://profcj.org/ep124/
         | 
         | "Ever get the sense that the government and politics in the
         | United States is kinda cult-y? If so, CJ thinks your spidey
         | sense is justifiably tingling, and what you're picking up on is
         | the phenomenon known as the civil religion.
         | 
         | Join CJ as he discusses:
         | 
         | The concept of civil religion
         | 
         | The origins of the American civil religion, and a brief word on
         | the scholarship on the concept
         | 
         | Some of the overtly religious elements that can be found in
         | American government and politics, including: dogmas, rituals,
         | sacred texts, holy places, sermons, sacrifices, sacred days,
         | spells/mantras/incantations/prayers, music, sacred
         | histories/narratives, temples, symbols/totems, priests, and
         | saints
         | 
         | The ways in which people of different cultural and ideological
         | predilections can -- just like with conventional religion --
         | interpret the civil religion in order to make it fit their
         | preferences
         | 
         | How voting fits into this civil religion, and why CJ thinks a
         | reasonable person should reject the civil religion -- whether
         | they are theists or not
        
         | josefresco wrote:
         | > The media is highly visible and well-documented
         | 
         | Sort of. Social media feeds and ads are ephemeral and
         | customized to the specific user. This makes transparency hard,
         | unless the network provides access.
        
         | seventytwo wrote:
         | You mean like how we've systematically failed to teach children
         | about the racism, slavery, and hatred that has been ubiquitous
         | in American history?
         | 
         | Or how about teaching American exceptionalism? Or that
         | capitalism is better than socialism? Or that being religious is
         | better than being non-religious? Or that being unquestionably
         | patriotic is better than questioning your country's actions?
         | 
         | There's tons and tons of indoctrination in public schools, but
         | it's mostly to maintain existing power structures and the
         | status quo.
        
       | cwojno wrote:
       | This is fantastic, well done. (emotional appeal)
        
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