[HN Gopher] National Collegiate Athletic Association vs. Alston ...
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       National Collegiate Athletic Association vs. Alston [pdf]
        
       Author : thestoicattack
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2021-06-21 16:08 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.supremecourt.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.supremecourt.gov)
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | Kavanaugh hits the nail in the head in his concurring opinion.
       | 
       | > In my view, that argument is circular and unpersuasive. The
       | NCAA couches its arguments for not paying student athletes in
       | innocuous labels. But the labels cannot disguise the reality: The
       | NCAA's business model would be flatly il- legal in almost any
       | other industry in America. All of the restaurants in a region
       | cannot come together to cut cooks' wages on the theory that
       | "customers prefer" to eat food from low-paid cooks. Law firms
       | cannot conspire to cabin lawyers' salaries in the name of
       | providing legal services out of a "love of the law." Hospitals
       | cannot agree to cap nurses' income in order to create a "purer"
       | form of helping the sick. News organizations cannot join forces
       | to curtail pay to reporters to preserve a "tradition" of public-
       | minded journalism. Movie studios cannot collude to slash benefits
       | to camera crews to kindle a "spirit of amateurism" in Hollywood.
       | Price-fixing labor is price-fixing labor. And price-fixing labor
       | is ordinarily a textbook antitrust problem because it
       | extinguishes the free market in which individuals can oth- erwise
       | obtain fair compensation for their work.
        
         | bretpiatt wrote:
         | What's even worse with NCAA compensation is that it is limited
         | to a scholarship and the value of that scholarship is tied to
         | the cost of a given college or university. If an athlete is
         | given a scholarship to an in-state public university their
         | compensation might be $25,000 per year versus another student
         | attending a higher cost private school who could be getting
         | paid $75,000 per year effectively.
         | 
         | You then have the value of the different degrees to the market
         | (which is separate from the cost) so it is very possible that
         | certain student athletes are obtaining a degree worth hundreds
         | of thousands of future dollars in the market versus some who
         | get 4 years of room and board to play sports, make the
         | university money, and then maybe they do not even end up with a
         | degree by the time their eligibility expires (see data on
         | student athlete graduation rates).
        
           | smithza wrote:
           | And this is sidetracking the point that college-athletes
           | being recruited with aspirations for professional sports view
           | the college as a means to the pro-level job; college courses
           | and the degree are not viewed as benefits but necessary side-
           | effects. Is this true for all sports and all athletes? No,
           | not for fencing or handball, but for football, basketball,
           | and other potential high-earners.
        
       | creyes wrote:
       | tl;dr in 2 quotes from the decision. Wild shit that the NCAA got
       | this far
       | 
       | > The NCAA does not contest that its re-straints affect
       | interstate trade and commerce and are thus subject to the Sherman
       | Act.
       | 
       | > With this much agreed it is unclear exactly what the NCAA
       | seeks. To the extent it means to propose a sort of judicially
       | ordained immunity from the terms of the Sherman Act for its
       | restraints of trade--that we should overlook its restrictions
       | because they happen to fall at the intersection of higher
       | education, sports, and money--we cannot agree.
        
       | sib wrote:
       | For more about the egregious ways in which the NCAA treats
       | student-athletes, this is a great book:
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LFZ8SF8/
        
       | wyldfire wrote:
       | From "Law & Crime" [1]:
       | 
       | > Essentially, this is a classic violation of antitrust law. What
       | the NCAA is arguing, however, is that it should be allowed an
       | exemption to that law. The Court wasn't willing to play ball on
       | that one.
       | 
       | > Justice Gorsuch made short work of the argument that the NCAA
       | is entitled to an exemption on the grounds that it is a "joint
       | venture." Reasoning that "student-athletes have nowhere else to
       | sell their labor," the justice wrote, "[e]ven if the NCAA is a
       | joint venture, then, it is hardly of the sort that would warrant
       | quick-look approval for all its myriad rules and restrictions."
       | 
       | [1] https://lawandcrime.com/supreme-court/unanimous-supreme-
       | cour...
        
       | jalgos_eminator wrote:
       | I think sports is a big blind spot for most HN users, so I would
       | like to offer an informal Q&A with me here in this thread. I am a
       | former top-level division 1 football player that got a technical
       | degree and now work in the IT/software space.
       | 
       | I like to do these every once in a while because there is so much
       | incorrect information and bad assumptions about high level
       | college athletes that I feel the need to combat this when the
       | opportunity presents itself. I haven't read the posted SC opinion
       | yet because I'm at work and currently eating a burrito. Don't be
       | afraid to ask probing questions, the worst that will happen is I
       | will choose not to answer.
        
         | Zanta wrote:
         | An argument presented in this case is that increased pay to
         | college athletes will incentivize them to spend more time on
         | their athletics and less on their academics. How convincing do
         | you find that argument, applied to athletes in a) Top Tier D1
         | Football programs, b) D1 programs but for less hyper-
         | commercialized sports (say track, or volleyball), and c) D2 or
         | D3 athletes with little-to-no aspirations of a future in
         | professional athletics
        
           | elpakal wrote:
           | former D2 athlete here, never had aspirations to go pro. I
           | don't think it's possible to spend "more time on their
           | athletics" even at D2 level (can't speak for D3, though from
           | my friends playing D1 it seems to be more time consuming).
           | 
           | my experience was waking up before the crack of dawn to pre-
           | train, going to school in the morning, and then spending the
           | rest of any free time I had after training (be it weights,
           | cardio, practice etc). and then you watch film. all for the
           | love (scholarships were nice) - so anyone that suggests there
           | is more time to spend on athletics at these levels, and that
           | paying athletes will somehow encourage them to do so vs
           | academia, deserves a flan in the face.
        
           | tw04 wrote:
           | You have to maintain a certain GPA regardless to continue
           | competing. Unless they're cheating in school, the incentive
           | to study will be the same either way. If they are cheating in
           | school, then they were never serious about the education in
           | the first place.
           | 
           | Honestly the focus (or lack thereof) on education starts at
           | home.
           | 
           | source: also played college sports.
        
           | jalgos_eminator wrote:
           | I think that argument is dubious and the money would only
           | affect a very small subset of athletes. It would even be a
           | small subset of football/basketball players. You would want
           | to set up professional feeder leagues and give kids the
           | option of going pro or going to school. Honestly a proper
           | developmental league would go a long way to fix/alleviate
           | many of the problems with college athletics.
           | 
           | This is how baseball works, and all the baseball players I
           | met actively wanted to be in college. Some of them even
           | turned down $100k-$500k draft signing bonuses to play college
           | ball.
        
         | dan_quixote wrote:
         | How did you manage the technical degree and full-time athlete
         | duties? Did they occur at the same time?
        
           | jalgos_eminator wrote:
           | Yes, I got my degree in 5 years and was on the team for all 5
           | of those years. It was tough. Lots of scheduling conflicts,
           | because practice/meeting/lifting times are set in stone and
           | you have to schedule your academics around them. I didn't
           | find the workload too bad, but I basically didn't have time
           | to do anything else other than football and school. In-season
           | you scale back classes to the minimum number of credit-hours
           | because football takes about 50 hours per week (minimum, 60
           | hours when you are travelling that week). I took 5 years
           | though, so was able to spread the credit-hours out over an
           | extra year so I wasn't taking too many classes each term.
        
           | colinmhayes wrote:
           | There was a starter on the football team in my graduating
           | class at umich cs. The only explanation of how he found the
           | time I can think of is he had tutors do most of the work for
           | him.
        
             | jalgos_eminator wrote:
             | I think its unfair to assume that about him. There were a
             | decent number of athletes in engineering degrees when I was
             | in school and they absolutely worked their asses off,
             | myself included.
             | 
             | Although there were special athletic academic tutors, there
             | weren't any available that could tutor for engineering
             | subjects so I doubt any athletes were getting assignments
             | done for them. Regular tutors wouldn't have played along
             | with that game. Also, the professors (at least most of
             | mine) were pretty skeptical of athletics, so I was on a
             | short leash for what I could get away with (missing
             | classes, moving exam dates, asking for extra time on
             | projects, etc). If they sniffed that I was cheating, they
             | would have brought the hammer down without thinking twice.
             | That's just my experience at my school though.
        
             | oh_sigh wrote:
             | Just a second hand anecdote, but a professor of mine at my
             | small liberal arts college with a D3 football team -
             | mentioned over a few glasses of wine that he had moved on
             | from teaching at Virginia Tech because he was pressured by
             | the administration to give passing grades to Michael Vick,
             | who never attended a single class or completed any
             | coursework of his.
        
               | jalgos_eminator wrote:
               | Yeah, I would only be mildly surprised if this happened a
               | time or two while I was in school. There are some guys
               | that just don't want to go to school, but college
               | football is their only pathway to make it to the NFL. The
               | academic counselors have their hands full just trying to
               | keep all their athletes eligible, let alone enabling them
               | to thrive in an academic environment.
        
         | moate wrote:
         | How, and how much, do you personally feel student athletes
         | should be compensated?
         | 
         | Should anyone actually care that West Nowhere State can't
         | afford to compete against Alabama in football or KSU in
         | basketball, since they never could have in the first place?
         | 
         | How much under the table money will these just be getting above
         | board/visible to laymen (and isn't this a good thing when it
         | comes to large state schools being accountable to taxpayers?)
        
           | jalgos_eminator wrote:
           | I think the point of all this is that my opinion of how much
           | college athletes should be compensated isn't relevant. My
           | opinion on how much a software developer should be paid isn't
           | relevant either, because the market sets the rate of
           | compensation for software developers.
           | 
           | The problem right now with college athletics (at least
           | football and basketball) is that the schools found a cash cow
           | and the pro leagues found a free farm league that produces
           | top talent. Its a symbiotic relationship and neither one
           | wants to rock the boat. There's a reason the NFL players have
           | their own union after all.
           | 
           | Regarding your second question, West Nowhere State is an ant
           | in an elephants world. There are plenty of D3 programs (that
           | give no aid or preferred admission) that have football
           | programs that lose hundreds of thousands of dollars per year.
           | They'll keep doing it even if Alabama is able to pay their
           | players above the table.
           | 
           | As far as under the table money, I'm not sure. I never saw
           | nor heard about those things, and with the way athletes like
           | to boast it would surprise me if they were all able to keep
           | their mouths shut. I think its less money going to less
           | athletes than people would like to think.
        
             | moate wrote:
             | My first point was less of a "200K/year" and more of a
             | "whatever the market dictates the value of their skills
             | would be" vs "a tiered set scale". Basically, do you think
             | that Bama should be able to drop 2 million a year in player
             | salaries while West Nowhere can only offer partial coverage
             | scholarships.
             | 
             | And the under the table money is real, but less secret bags
             | of cash left in their dorm and more "the AD bought a new
             | car but realized he doesn't like the interior, do you want
             | it?" IDK where you went to college, but several high
             | profile programs lost championships and got sanctions for
             | creative ways they "recruited" players. The ruling opens up
             | more levers for schools to use to funnel goods and services
             | towards players, even if they can't give them actually
             | currency.
        
               | jalgos_eminator wrote:
               | Yes, I think that players should be offered what they are
               | worth. At this point the cat is out of the bag. College
               | head coaches are getting paid millions per year (look it
               | up, its all public), the assistants are getting paid
               | 200k-800k. The athletic directors get paid $400k-$800k.
               | Strength and conditioning coaches are getting $150k.
               | Every year coaches leverage the public nature of their
               | salaries to get better offers. Apparently the free market
               | works great for everyone except the athletes. Strange how
               | that works.
               | 
               | For some reason, the schools don't complain about how
               | much money they are paying the coaches. They don't
               | complain about how much money they are spending on
               | facilities. They don't complain about how much money they
               | spend on marketing. But for some reason, when the public
               | starts talking about paying players, they start
               | complaining and making excuses. If you want them to play
               | for the love of the game, then get rid of scholarships.
               | If you want them to be professionals, then pay them.
               | 
               | And yes, that will create inequity among players. That's
               | fine. I wasn't worth the same to my team as our star
               | quarterback (who now is a backup in the NFL). Its the way
               | the world works, especially the world of sports.
               | 
               | edit: grammar
        
       | topspin wrote:
       | "I deleted n pages of someone's rules today"
       | 
       | Does this mean players can just do the straightforward thing and
       | negotiate lucrative contracts with schools and we can forego all
       | the backdoor, indirect compensation and self-inflicted corruption
       | that goes on now? If so then these institutions can just be what
       | they are in a straightforward way; football teams that also
       | happen to fund a legacy educational branch.
        
         | compiler-guy wrote:
         | The ruling today was quite narrow, so players cannot do the
         | straightforward thing at the moment.
         | 
         | There were very strong hints that the NCAA needs to change its
         | rules around compensation completely, so it seems likely that
         | they eventually will be able to do that. But it isn't the case
         | now.
        
       | Scaevolus wrote:
       | Alternate headline: "Supreme Court unanimously sides with former
       | college players in dispute with NCAA about compensation" (from
       | ESPN).
       | 
       | Note that this is a narrow ruling about the NCAA limiting
       | educational compensation and what scholarships can encompass--
       | but some justices gave indications that they disagree with the
       | NCAA compensation restrictions at large.
        
         | crooked-v wrote:
         | The oral arguments stage made it pretty clear that none of the
         | justices were buying the NCAA lawyers' arguments in general. It
         | really makes me feel that the only reason this judgment didn't
         | explicitly open the field for giving student athletes a salary
         | was that the justices wanted to give schools some time to adapt
         | instead of completely blowing up the current system all at
         | once.
        
         | jfb wrote:
         | Kavanaugh's concurrence is 100% an invitation for a broader
         | restraint-of-trade suit, and honestly, it is _long_ overdue.
         | The NCAA is dead, they 've got to settle, but there isn't going
         | to be any real interest in half measures.
         | 
         | As someone who _detests_ the Plantation League, this is long,
         | long, long overdue.
        
       | fiftyfifty wrote:
       | The solution in my opinion is to do away with college athletic
       | scholarships and preferred admission for athletes. Let school's
       | field their sports teams from their normal student bodies and
       | ensure that those teams are truly amateur and the participants
       | really are "student-athletes". Let the NBA and the NFL field
       | their own semi-professional minor leagues like baseball does. If
       | these schools have to start paying their football and basketball
       | players (and lets be perfectly clear, that's what this is about),
       | it will be the absolute death of virtually every other men's
       | sport at the college level, and will likely only leave enough
       | women's sports to offset the football team due to Title IX. I
       | won't even get into the ridiculous hypocrisy of our institutions
       | of higher learning pouring billions of dollars into a sport that
       | is proven to cause brain damage, while cutting other sports that
       | don't. That is not at all what college athletics should be about,
       | it should be about extracurricular opportunities for real
       | students. I think the Division 3 model (no sports scholarships/no
       | backdoor admissions) has been much more successful and has
       | provided many more opportunities for students (men and women) to
       | compete in a wider variety of sports. I say this as someone who
       | was a college athlete on scholarship years ago and still coaches
       | high school.
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | > it will be the absolute death of virtually every other men's
         | sport at the college level
         | 
         | Why's that?
        
           | chadash wrote:
           | In the current system, schools need to have an equivalent
           | number of sports teams (and slots) for men and women, with
           | the same number of scholarships (the law governing this is
           | called Title IX). Generally speaking, women's sports don't
           | bring in money for schools, whereas football at a competitive
           | school will bring in money in the form of TV deals and even
           | donations from alumni. So essentially, the football and
           | basketball teams subsidize the rest of the athletic
           | department. If you had to pay the athletes in these sports,
           | then there'd be less money to go around for other teams that
           | don't generate revenue. But at a minimum, you'd still need a
           | few women's teams because of Title IX.
           | 
           | EDIT: to clarify, I personally think it's ridiculous that
           | star college athletes don't get paid given how much time
           | those athletes put in and how much money they bring in for
           | schools, but I also think that at least at the schools with
           | huge athletic programs it'll have some effect on other
           | sports.
        
             | triceratops wrote:
             | Alternatively, universities would spin off their money-
             | making teams into professional organizations in return for
             | licensing fees.
        
             | slg wrote:
             | >If you had to pay the athletes in these sports, then
             | there'd be less money to go around for other teams that
             | don't generate revenue.
             | 
             | This relies on the assumption that sports are somehow
             | separate from a school's educational mission and therefore
             | must be funded by the profit from other sports. There are a
             | maximum of only 2 or 3 dozen athletic departments that are
             | self sufficient in the manner you suggest. The rest fund
             | sports the same way they fund any other extracurricular
             | activity.
             | 
             | I'm not sure we should require sports to fund themselves
             | when we don't have that requirement on something like a
             | drama or music departments. The understudy in a school play
             | is probably no more likely to make a career out of acting
             | than the backup QB is to make a career out of football, so
             | why do we pretend one is a worthwhile academic pursuit and
             | one isn't?
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | Your math doesn't work out here. I can't major in
               | football, I absolutely can major in drama and/or music.
               | From my experience, club sports and clubs such as the
               | theater club are funded via student fees, whereas
               | departmental projects such as drama and music are funded
               | via tuition.
               | 
               | In theory, the major areas are self-funding because of
               | the tuition costs.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >Your math doesn't work out here. I can't major in
               | football
               | 
               | Literally, no you can't major in football. From a
               | practical standpoint many of the athletes who go to a
               | school like Alabama to play football do end up majoring
               | in it. Maybe their actual degree will say something
               | sports specific like kinesiology or sports management,
               | maybe their academic advisers will point them to general
               | education classes specifically targeted for athletes and
               | they will end up with a super generic business or
               | communications degree, but either way football is the
               | primary focus for many of them.
               | 
               | >From my experience, club sports and clubs such as the
               | theater club are funded via student fees, whereas
               | departmental projects such as drama and music are funded
               | via tuition.
               | 
               | The point is who funds a play or a concert at
               | universities? Do they all need to be financially self-
               | sufficient or do we accept that these pursuits have value
               | outside of the number of people who will pay to watch
               | them?
               | 
               | >In theory, the major areas are self-funding because of
               | the tuition costs.
               | 
               | This isn't true. The costs to teach different subjects
               | varies wildly and departmental budgets are therefore not
               | always inline with the number of students in each
               | specific program. For example, tuition from an English
               | department would likely go to help subsidize a more
               | expensive Physics department.
        
               | danvasquez29 wrote:
               | you kinda can in a lot of universities with big programs.
               | There's a lot of "sports marketing" and "sports science"
               | majors now that get a little loose with requirements and
               | rigor. when done right, they can be good tools to prep
               | athletes for life after playing (agents, marketing, phys
               | ed instructors and coaches, etc.) but they also run the
               | risk of being places for the football team to sleep
               | through class and get an A for working out and attending
               | video.
        
               | chadash wrote:
               | > There are a maximum of only 2 or 3 dozen athletic
               | departments that are self sufficient in the manner you
               | suggest
               | 
               | By the same token, there's only a few dozen athletic
               | programs with athletes who would probably be paid if not
               | for NCAA rules banning pay.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | No, that is a poor conclusion. Athletes are not
               | distributed in the nature you are suggesting. There are
               | profitable players who exist on unprofitable teams and
               | there are profitable teams that exist in unprofitable
               | athletic departments. The reverse is also true.
               | 
               | Honestly the biggest stumbling block for me to be in
               | support of paying college athletes are all these details
               | on deciding who gets paid and how much since they don't
               | all provide uniform value. There are situations in which
               | one person might be worth millions and their teammate
               | might be worth absolutely nothing. That is one of the
               | reasons why I think allowing players to profit of their
               | name, image and likeness (NIL) rights seems like the
               | first step. That allows the free market to better assess
               | their value and reward them for it. Roughly half the
               | states have already passed, are currently debating, or
               | have recently debated laws allowing college players to
               | profit of their NIL rights.
        
               | chadash wrote:
               | > No, that is a poor conclusion. Athletes are not
               | distributed in the nature you are suggesting. There are
               | profitable players who exist on unprofitable teams and
               | there are profitable teams that exist in unprofitable
               | athletic departments. The reverse is also true.
               | 
               | Fair, but a few schools would be disproportionately
               | affected by paid athletes. Ohio State and Alabama would
               | probably pony up a lot, just as they spend tons on their
               | athletic departments right now. Northwestern probably
               | wouldn't, except maybe in rare cases.
               | 
               | > That is one of the reasons why I think allowing players
               | to profit of their name, image and likeness (NIL) rights
               | seems like the first step.
               | 
               | Agree this sounds like a good first step. It's utterly
               | ridiculous that they can't.
               | 
               | > That allows the free market to better assess their
               | value and reward them for it.
               | 
               | Why is this better than schools bidding on player
               | contracts? Would you argue that when Patrick Mahomes got
               | a $150 million contract, that wasn't the free market
               | making an assessment of his value?
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >Why is this better than schools bidding on player
               | contracts? Would you argue that when Patrick Mahomes got
               | a $150 million contract, that wasn't the free market
               | making an assessment of his value?
               | 
               | I think completely open bidding on players will cause
               | more problems. Like I said, you can have teammates in
               | which one is worth millions and the other is worth
               | nothing. They would both be putting in the same amount of
               | work and ostensibly be doing the same job, but one is
               | just drastically better than the other. That might be
               | worse for public perception than them all getting
               | nothing.
               | 
               | I imagine any system of paying players would probably
               | come with both a floor and ceiling for how much a school
               | can compensate a player.
               | 
               | Also this isn't really the point of your comment, but
               | like many athletes Mahomes has never and potentially will
               | never sign a true free market contract with a team. He
               | was drafted by the Chiefs so they had exclusive rights to
               | negotiate with him. His huge extension was negotiated
               | with the Chiefs during his initial contract which means
               | he couldn't field offers from other teams. If he was a
               | true free agent, he would have received even more money.
               | He was willing to take a discount on that value for the
               | added security of signing the contract now and
               | guaranteeing some portion of that money. It is
               | endorsements where someone like Mahomes can see his true
               | free market rate because he can have the Nikes, Adidas,
               | Gatorades, etc of the world competing against each other.
               | Giving college players NIL rights gives them the
               | opportunity to cash in on those free market endorsement
               | deals.
        
               | Zimahl wrote:
               | Just to add, the NFL is even more closed-market in that
               | each team has a salary cap. So giving Mahomes more means
               | someone else on the team gets less.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | True and superstars like him are often guilted into
               | taking less than their true value so the team still has
               | enough to pay other high quality players.
        
           | handrous wrote:
           | The 2-3 huge money-maker sports tend to fund all the rest.
           | Paying athletes real money will cut into those profits
           | (especially if a strong labor market for student athletes
           | develops) with a plausible result being that other sports
           | will be cut as budgets tighten. The only ones that would be
           | _for sure_ safe would be whatever women 's sports are needed
           | to achieve Title IX parity with the income-generating men's
           | sports.
           | 
           | Of course, it's also possible that colleges will find other
           | ways to pay for the "lesser" sports, and there would be no
           | cuts.
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | > tend to fund all the rest
             | 
             | How much 'funding' does an amateur university sport need? I
             | don't think my fencing club at university had any 'funding'
             | we just met and fenced. Occasionally we borrowed a van to
             | go to a competition. We had a coach we paid from a few
             | pounds of membership fees we collected from ourselves.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | In the US, in no particular order:
               | 
               | - equipment
               | 
               | - coaches
               | 
               | - travel/hotel/per diems, sometimes long distance
               | depending on league
               | 
               | - trainers
               | 
               | - workout facilities (typically shared)
               | 
               | - practice facilities (might be shared)
               | 
               | - game facilities
               | 
               | - additional dining options to accommodate training
               | 
               | - nutritionists
               | 
               | - doctors
               | 
               | - scholarship money for tuition
               | 
               | - scholarship money for room and board
               | 
               | - video review areas and equipment (shared)
               | 
               | - video recording equipment and videographers
               | 
               | - insurance
               | 
               | - announcers for events
               | 
               | - recruiting
               | 
               | - tutoring
               | 
               | - event management
               | 
               | - publicity/advertising
               | 
               | - title ix compliance official
               | 
               | Note that at some universities (even some high schools),
               | there are self-funding booster clubs that will pay for a
               | lot of this stuff for some sports. That said, there is
               | still some stuff that the university has to pay for
               | directly.
               | 
               | As a simple example, Alabama football (big program that
               | makes tons of money) also funds Alabama's championship
               | teams in golf, softball, and gymnastics (and many other
               | sports that have not led to national championships).
        
               | jessaustin wrote:
               | If money is unlimited, you could come up with reasons to
               | fund all of the junk you've listed. For GP's example of a
               | college fencing team, they need 1) occasional use of a
               | well-ventilated room with a hard floor [and one or two
               | electrical outlets if they're using that fancy electronic
               | scoring] and 2) storage for their equipment when they're
               | not using the room. Literally nothing else is needed. Few
               | fans would ever pay to see fencing, so these actual
               | student-athletes don't need any more compensation than
               | the room and the storage. Equipment can be funded by
               | donations and dues. Coaches should mostly be volunteers,
               | but if someone needs payment that can also be from dues
               | or donated.
               | 
               | (Source: I played on my college club kendo team. If
               | anything the needs of fencing are less than those of
               | kendo.)
        
               | csa wrote:
               | At most schools, what you are describing are called "club
               | sports". These sports have much less funding from the
               | university, and they are ubiquitous.
               | 
               | The next logical question is probably "why aren't all
               | sports club sports?" The short answer is that varsity
               | football and basketball are often direct or indirect
               | money makers for the school that warrant funding for
               | competitiveness, and title ix that says that there has to
               | be access to sports at equal levels (typically this means
               | a university needs a few women's sports that have
               | equivalent quality equipment, facilities, etc. as
               | football and basketball).
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | I just don't get why a university amateur golf team needs
               | anything but a few people and their golf gear. Why take
               | it so seriously?
        
               | chrisBob wrote:
               | That is an easy argument for an outsider to make in
               | virtually any situation. The answer is probably similar
               | to the reason you aren't doing your programming job on an
               | 11" chrome book.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Other countries don't even remotely approach social
               | university sports teams like this and still have fun and
               | generate elite athletes.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | Outside of the US, elite athletes are often members of
               | non-university clubs. These clubs are supported well and
               | often have very good funding.
        
               | yupper32 wrote:
               | Because everyone else you're competing against is taking
               | it seriously.
               | 
               | Please try to step back and understand why people take it
               | seriously and truly care about sports. You don't seem to
               | understand and don't seem to be actually trying to
               | understand. It's exhausting trying to have conversations
               | like the OP topic when people come in and degrade high
               | level sports at its core.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | People take sports seriously in other countries as well.
               | I took sports seriously. I just didn't have an
               | expectation of professional facilities for a social
               | sports team in spare time at uni.
        
               | yupper32 wrote:
               | I don't know what more to tell you.
               | 
               | If you want to compete at a high level in the US you
               | often need to fulfill that long list of requirements a
               | few posts above, unless it's a very niche sport.
               | 
               | You can also play pickup basketball down the street with
               | nothing more than the court and a ball. There's nothing
               | wrong with that, but don't expect that to convert to any
               | kind of high level play.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | It's a business decision and it's law.
               | 
               | 1. If a certain sports outcome (e.g., beating a rival,
               | league championship, etc.) will lead to an increase in
               | alumni donations, then it might be considered prudent to
               | invest some money into that program.
               | 
               | 2. Title ix creates weird incentive structures for
               | athletic programs, with a default assumption being that
               | the university is guilty of discrimination if there isn't
               | a lot of equal treatment for all sports (both men and
               | women). Note that this has helped funding for women's
               | sports _a lot_ (the disparity was almost comical in the
               | 80s and prior), but it has also led to the elimination of
               | some fringe men's varsity sports (some of which became
               | clubs).
        
               | camgunz wrote:
               | I think OP is referring to the spectacle that is
               | collegiate football/basketball/baseball; not that there
               | won't be these teams, they just won't be multi-billion
               | dollar enterprises.
        
               | jessaustin wrote:
               | Since the ostensible point of colleges and universities
               | is education in various academic subjects, the absence of
               | high-dollar athletic teams wouldn't be an actual problem.
        
               | labcomputer wrote:
               | From a US perspective:
               | 
               | Most "rec sports" are self-funded university-affiliated
               | student clubs. I was the treasurer of one such club for
               | three years.
               | 
               | My school's cycling team ran about a $20k-$25k/year
               | budget to cover race transportation, motels, entry fees,
               | coaching and an annual 2-night training camp. That was
               | for a full collegiate road season with an average of 6-8
               | riders and about 75% of a MTB season with 2-3 riders.
               | 
               | Funding came from sponsors (mostly selling space on the
               | team jersey), selling jerseys and bibs to alumni and
               | donations. Most of the sponsors were alums with local
               | businesses, but we also had a couple bigger brands
               | (energy bars and cycling clothing) who gave "in-kind"
               | donations of steep discounts on merch (>50%).
               | 
               | Team members paid for their own equipment. We did discuss
               | buying a couple team bikes to bring in people who could
               | not afford them, but budget constraints and concerns
               | about damage/jealousy/competitiveness nixed the idea.
               | 
               | I'd guess that you could run a competitive "varsity"
               | cycling team, including everything I mentioned above plus
               | mechanics and equipment but excluding scholarships, for
               | around $40k-$50k/year (assuming mechanics are paid a day
               | rate at races and piecewise for maintenance and the
               | coaching staff is not full-time university employees).
        
             | fiftyfifty wrote:
             | Yes! This is exactly what I was alluding too in my original
             | comment. I will also add that there are a number of
             | demographic factors that are going to come to a head over
             | the next 10 years or so that are going to put a serious
             | squeeze on non-revenue men's sports:
             | 
             | First college enrollment is likely going to drop
             | significantly starting around 2025 due to severely
             | declining birthrates in the US that started during the
             | 2007-2008 financial crisis. It is expected that 2025 will
             | be the smallest graduating high school class in the US in
             | the last 30-40 years. Every college and university is going
             | to be fighting over a smaller pool of applicants. Fewer
             | people are going to attend games and fewer people will be
             | watching college sports on TV which means smaller TV
             | contracts.
             | 
             | The percentage of men attending college has been declining,
             | in 2017 57% of college students in the US were women:
             | https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=98
             | 
             | And it looks like the declining rate of men in higher
             | education is only speeding up:
             | https://hechingerreport.org/the-pandemic-is-speeding-up-
             | the-...
             | 
             | College men and male alumni disproportionately support
             | college athletics, they attend games and donate to the
             | athletic department more than their female counterparts.
             | Fewer men on campus in the long term likely means less
             | money for the athletic department as a whole:
             | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nvsm.34
             | 
             | Lastly, Title IX only requires that sports opportunities
             | for both men and women be proportional to the percentage of
             | men and women in the student body. With only 43% of college
             | students nationwide being men now, and football being the
             | juggernaut of college athletics that it is (with typically
             | over 100 players on a college football team), there will be
             | little room left for any other men's sports in college
             | athletics, and no incentive for the athletic department to
             | keep them around.
             | 
             | Over the next decades many men's sports will likely become
             | nearly extinct at the D1 level: tennis, golf, rowing,
             | wrestling, hockey, volleyball, swimming and diving, cross
             | country, even track and field and baseball look to be in
             | big trouble as athletic departments try to keep the revenue
             | from college football flowing in while dealing with these
             | challenging demographic factors.
        
         | hervature wrote:
         | Why do you assume that paying the athletes will have any
         | meaningful impact on expenses? I will be using my numbers from
         | [1]. Coming in at 65 on expenditure, University of Kansas
         | spends $14 million on football. At the time of the article,
         | they hadn't been to a bowl game in a decade and the drought has
         | since continued. I'm sorry Jayhawks, but the program isn't good
         | at all. First, no school is going to remove scholarships
         | because that's an easy way for the university to pay their
         | athletes. Paying the football players $10k per year would only
         | cost an additional $1.05M for a 105 man roster. That's less
         | than 10%. That is easily covered by increasing price of tickets
         | by $2 in their 50,000 capacity stadium over the course of the
         | season. But students watch for free? Well, not really, they
         | already paid in their student fees. So fees have a one time
         | increase of $2. But more realistically, these are football
         | players that will never go to the NFL. They are happy for a
         | free education and the Jayhawks would never pay them in
         | additional to what they give them already. These rules apply
         | solely to the top 10 teams that wish they could pay the top
         | recruit of the nation $100k. I say that all of this is easily
         | fixed by giving the players 10% of their jersey sales. It is
         | completely insane that the NCAA can make money off of a
         | person's likeness and not pay them which is illegal in most
         | states.
         | 
         | [1] -
         | https://www.syracuse.com/orangefootball/2017/08/which_school...
        
           | fiftyfifty wrote:
           | We saw during Covid that as soon as there was a tiny bit of
           | financial stress on athletic departments they immediately
           | started cutting non-revenue sports, here's a fairly complete
           | list from the last year:
           | 
           | https://businessofcollegesports.com/tracker-college-
           | sports-p...
           | 
           | You can see from that list that the vast majority of sports
           | that were cut were non-revenue, men's sports. $1.05M lost to
           | paying the football team could just as likely be covered by
           | cutting one or two non-revenue sports as it is by raising
           | ticket prices. The reality is attendance of college football
           | games was already down before Covid, even for powerhouse
           | schools like the University of Georgia:
           | 
           | https://ugawire.usatoday.com/2019/03/27/college-football-
           | gam...
           | 
           | It is extremely unlikely that even the biggest football
           | schools will be able to cover the cost of paying their
           | players through increase ticket prices when they are already
           | concerned about filling seats.
        
             | hervature wrote:
             | I wouldn't constitute COVID "a tiny bit of financial
             | stress". That list is clearly temporary cuts. Stanford
             | "cut" all sports programs and now they are all back. Your
             | second article states that fans just prefer to watch on TV.
             | Thus, the schools will make it back in more lucrative TV
             | contracts.
             | 
             | But your entire argument lacks the essential point that
             | salaries will be market driven. That, already, most
             | programs cannot pay for their athletes. That scholarships
             | and world class facilities and coaching are more than
             | sufficient compensation. Scholarships again being pennies
             | on the dollar for the university. We're talking on the
             | order of a dozen schools that are willing to pay and 100
             | players that will realistically get any type of meaningful
             | compensation.
        
         | yupper32 wrote:
         | This would end up killing a bunch of smaller sports, and
         | hurting the larger ones.
         | 
         | NCAA covers a massive number of sports. The vast majority of
         | those who go pro in any US sport, first go through an NCAA
         | team.
         | 
         | Think about a scenario in the current world: You're a pretty
         | good golf player in high school. You commit to Stanford for
         | golf and a degree in some STEM field. The school already has a
         | system in place to make sure both are possible. You give high
         | level competitive college golf a shot and realize you can
         | actually go pro. After college, you do. And even if it doesn't
         | work out, you've got a degree from Stanford.
         | 
         | And then there's your world: You're a pretty good golf player
         | in high school. You go to college instead of the separate LPGA
         | feeder leagues because it's the safer bet and your school
         | doesn't have a system in place to make sure you can compete in
         | both. Why would they? You never get to experience and thrive in
         | the high level competitions and end up not going pro.
         | 
         | So many professional sports would get maimed with your model.
         | After a decade the US would heavily drop on the world stage
         | when it comes to sports.
        
           | ecshafer wrote:
           | So maybe we don't need so many professional sports players.
        
             | yupper32 wrote:
             | Who needs those sports balls on the television, right?
        
           | jackschultz wrote:
           | This comment is getting downvotes and given my experience
           | playing D1 college, getting a STEM degree, this scenario is
           | in no way possible.
           | 
           | Stanford on its own is one of the top golf programs in the
           | country. Its practice facility is absurdly good (my team was
           | able to use it once when we were out there. The reason we
           | were in the bay area? Because we took our spring breaks to go
           | play fancy courses with rich alumni to get them to donate to
           | the athletic department, which is another part of money you
           | don't see but athletics gets.) You need to be really, really
           | good to play at Stanford.
           | 
           | Second, college golf is a case where, because of the niceties
           | like practice facilities, tournaments, where you don't pay
           | for any of that, it's a feeder to the main tour. In fact, PGA
           | Tour University[0] came out to help get guys who were good in
           | college to the Tour quicker. The quality of guys in lower
           | level tours is crazy, and this is a deserved bumper for the
           | good guys. Guys play in college first because that's where
           | you grow.
           | 
           | I'm very anti-NCAA. Each sport is different in terms of
           | growing to the professional level though, and how engrained
           | the NCAA is in most cases though makes it tough to have an
           | overall solution.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.pgatour.com/university/what-you-need-to-know-
           | faq...
        
             | yupper32 wrote:
             | You're getting bogged down in the details of my example. I
             | know a good amount of people who played D1 sports. One went
             | pro and is competing in the Olympics this year. The others
             | used their degrees to get "normal" jobs when they weren't
             | able to go pro (or had no intention to in the first place).
             | All of them would not have had the opportunity to compete
             | at a high level in their sports without forgoing their
             | higher education.
        
               | cortesoft wrote:
               | I was friends with quite a few D1 athletes when I was at
               | college. Their sports took up so much of their time that
               | they were only able to put minimum effort into academics.
               | In fact, the coaches and staff would help guid them into
               | known easy classes, so they would be able to maintain
               | their grades while working 40+ hours a week in their
               | sport.
               | 
               | It would make so much more sense for them to just hold
               | off on school, go try to make it as a professional
               | athlete, and then go back to school if it didn't work.
               | 
               | No other country ties sports and athletics like the US
               | does. Good soccer players in other countries sign
               | contract at 10 years old, and play for the academy while
               | getting paid.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | triceratops wrote:
           | Sounds like that's a problem for the pro sports leagues to
           | solve. They have the money to do it, so they'll be fine.
           | 
           | Baseball does an adequate job with its system of minor league
           | teams. Pretty much every other country in the world manages
           | to have professional sports leagues without having
           | universities be their feeder teams.
           | 
           | Even in your scenario, there's nothing stopping the aspiring
           | golfer from attending Stanford part-time while they try to
           | make it in pro-golf. Or applying and deferring admission for
           | a couple of years. Frankly, they'd do better academically if
           | they didn't have golf distracting them.
        
             | yupper32 wrote:
             | NBA? Sure. NFL? Yeah. They can probably fund and figure out
             | the logistics for an operation like this.
             | 
             | What about all the other sports? At the moment, we've
             | figured out a way to elevate less lucrative sports like
             | track & field or swimming into a potential profession
             | without making young people take massive risks by skipping
             | higher education.
        
               | jldugger wrote:
               | _NBA? Sure. NFL? Yeah. They can probably fund and figure
               | out the logistics for an operation like this. What about
               | all the other sports?_
               | 
               | I'm really struggling to come up with a reason this is
               | the academy's problem to solve.
        
               | yupper32 wrote:
               | Its society's problem to solve. We shouldn't do away with
               | college sports without a replacement avenue for people to
               | get into high level sports.
               | 
               | Most people who want to do away with college sports seem
               | okay with killing their professional leagues. We
               | shouldn't be okay with that.
        
               | eastWestMath wrote:
               | Just because someone doesn't go to college at 18 doesn't
               | mean they're "skipping" higher education. Spending a few
               | years making 30k a year to play basketball would be
               | awesome - my father had teammates in college who put off
               | grad/med school to go play in a shitty European leagues
               | or random minor leagues around North America, it never
               | sounded like they regretted it.
               | 
               | If they followed Hockey's example, where playing a year
               | in the MJ gives you a year of tuition, it could work out
               | great for young players.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | If they can't make money to pay athletes, maybe they do
               | not deserve to survive. We don't subsidise aspiring
               | people in most other fields, why should sports be any
               | different.
        
               | yupper32 wrote:
               | > We don't subsidise aspiring people in most other fields
               | 
               | Yes we do. It's called merit based scholarships.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | How do countries that are "not the US" produce swimmers
               | or track and field athletes?
        
               | twiddling wrote:
               | often through direct state sponsorship
        
               | cortesoft wrote:
               | Why is skipping higher education to try to play
               | professionally a massive risk? If it doesn't work out,
               | you can go to college after. Lots of people get jobs
               | right after high school, then go back to school later.
               | Not only that, but those people are usually going to jobs
               | with a lot less upside than being a professional athlete.
        
             | danvasquez29 wrote:
             | baseball arguably does a terrible job at solving this.
             | 
             | the minor league system pays significantly less than
             | poverty wages. incentivizing kids to go that route instead
             | of getting an education is terrible.
             | 
             | which is why so many dont, and go to college on
             | scholarships anyway, which leads us right back where we
             | started.
             | 
             | the right analogy to make IMO is ice hockey, especially the
             | canadian model. There, you have well funded and
             | professional-like "minor leagues" (called juniors close to
             | same thing). you can't get paid but in the tier 1 leagues
             | you have very little if not zero personal living expenses,
             | it's like being on a full-ride at a big college program
             | with room and board included. In canada, it's seen as the
             | route potential NHLers take instead of continuing with
             | school. you're not allowed to be paid, but there's a rule
             | in place that for every year you play in that league you're
             | owed one full year of college paid for. If you age out of
             | the league and dont make it as a pro, you at least get 2-4
             | years of free college to go get the rest of your life
             | together as compensation.
             | 
             | The US Junior system has some of those attributes but is
             | more geared towards getting kids into NCAA scholarships.
             | The thing there though, IMO, is that the money involve in
             | that sport is right about at that sweet spot where i'd
             | argue a full ride to school like notre dame or penn state
             | is about right for the level of compensation owed.
             | 
             | all opinions above are my own, in the context of a former
             | D1 ice hockey athlete who thinks the football players
             | should probably be paid.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | In capitalist system, if the sport league doesn't make
               | money should the workers be paid anything more than
               | minimum wage?
        
               | twiddling wrote:
               | The Canadian Major Juniors are a great model. Of course,
               | there also players who try out at MJ camps with their
               | names obscured as not to jeopardize their NCAA
               | eligibility.
               | 
               | Baseball's history of labor abuse ( read up on the
               | history of free agency ) is why the Minors are a terrible
               | mechanism.
        
           | drewg123 wrote:
           | Given that college sports mostly loose money for schools[1],
           | why do we think its OK to ask students and (for public
           | colleges) taxpayers to subsidize professional sports' feeder
           | system?
           | 
           | I went to a large state school (SUNY Buffalo) where the
           | administration wanted to go division 1 when I was there in
           | the early 90s. Transitioning to division 1 came along with a
           | large (to us) mandatory athletic fee. The student body voted
           | against this multiple times, and then the administration
           | simply stopped asking and went division 1 anyway (and imposed
           | the fee).
           | 
           | [1]:https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/do-college-sports-make-
           | mon...
        
             | yupper32 wrote:
             | So in-state tuition at UB would be around $4850 instead of
             | $5200 without sports. Out-of-state would be around $13,750
             | vs $14,100.
             | 
             | Would life be significantly better without sports at UB, if
             | students were given back a few hundred dollars? Would
             | alumni donations go down without the occasional March
             | Madness appearance? Or Bulls games?
             | 
             | When people make this argument, they make it seem like
             | schools would all of a sudden be able to afford a massively
             | better educational experience. That's just not the case.
        
               | ecshafer wrote:
               | It sounds like life would be significantly better without
               | sports. 5200 vs 4850 is $350. That is the difference of a
               | month of rent in Buffalo for your room, snow tires on
               | your car that year or not, text books or not.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | So around 24 hours of 15$/h minimum wage labour so that
               | someone else can do something they could be doing on
               | their own dime... That sounds very excessive burden to be
               | placed on students. For something they gain very little
               | from...
        
               | drewg123 wrote:
               | Speaking from experience, the administration's disregard
               | for the wishes of the student body pissed me off enough
               | that I didn't donate anything to them for 15 years or so
               | after graduation (until William Greiner, the president
               | who presided over this had retired). Others in my peer
               | group felt the same way, and I imagine did the same
               | thing.
               | 
               | In terms of the impact of the fee: When I went to school,
               | the tuition was $675/semester, and the fee was over $100
               | (I don't recall if that was per semester or per year). So
               | that was at least a 7% increase in cost. Its sad the
               | tuition has gone up so much.
        
       | RNCTech wrote:
       | I think the NCAA should create an investment pool backed by
       | individual students' contributions to revenue. So, you're a star
       | at Alabama. Based on your play time, jersey sales, you get a
       | share of Alabama's share of total revenue into the pool. It grows
       | and after 5 years you are eligible to withdraw that share. It
       | could be used as a buffer in case of career ending injuries or
       | liquidated for profit with incentives to perhaps see out your
       | college career.
        
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