[HN Gopher] The Precautionary Principle: Better Safe Than Sorry?
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       The Precautionary Principle: Better Safe Than Sorry?
        
       Author : headalgorithm
       Score  : 23 points
       Date   : 2021-06-21 13:28 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fs.blog)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fs.blog)
        
       | SkyMarshal wrote:
       | _> Also known as the Precautionary Approach or Precautionary
       | Action, the Precautionary Principle is a concept best summed up
       | by the proverb "better safe than sorry" or the medical maxim to
       | "first do no harm."_
       | 
       | Also the folklore, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of
       | cure".
       | 
       | PP is best applied to situations with the potential, not
       | necessarily the guarantee, of widespread systemic harm and/or
       | catastrophic failure from which recovery is exceedingly
       | technically difficult, prohibitively expensive, or downright
       | impossible - for example, nuclear war, climate catastrophe,
       | global financial crisis, global pandemic of a novel and not-well-
       | understood pathogen.
       | 
       | The "not necessarily the guarantee" is the hard part. Human
       | judgement tends to be biased toward discounting both the odds and
       | impact of occurrence of systemic risks that have less than 100%
       | chance of occurring, but significant impact if they do occur.
       | Especially when there are immediate costs to avoiding them, or
       | immediate financial benefit to avoiding/externalizing them.
       | 
       | Thus it is often politically difficult for society and political
       | leaders to apply PP to any particular systemic risk, until after
       | it's happened and the odds of occurrence become 100% and the
       | impact widely felt. Both the Great Depression and the
       | Global/Great Financial Crisis are examples of this - prevention
       | measures put in place after the fact. COVID19 as well.
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | _> Also the folklore,  "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound
         | of cure"._
         | 
         | No, that's not what the precautionary principle says. The
         | precautionary principle says that you should not take actions
         | that could have negative consequences, even if you're not sure
         | those negative consequences will happen.
         | 
         | Prevention is an action. If prevention has no possible negative
         | consequences, then the precautionary principle is irrelevant to
         | it. If prevention _does_ have possible negative consequences
         | (and most  "prevention" actions do), then the precautionary
         | principle says you should _not_ do it.
         | 
         | In other words, the precautionary principle is _not_ the same
         | as risk-benefit analysis, which weighs the risks and benefits
         | of various possible choices, in order to make the choice that
         | has the best risk-benefit balance all things considered.
         | 
         | The proverb you cite, however, _is_ about risk-benefit
         | analysis: it is basically telling you that, if you do such an
         | analysis, you will find that the risk-benefit tradeoff of
         | prevention (doing something in advance to prevent a bad thing
         | from happening, and paying the costs of prevention up front) is
         | very often much better than the risk-benefit tradeoff of cure
         | (waiting for the bad thing to happen and then paying the costs
         | of fixing it if it does happen).
         | 
         | Btw, this means that the article, to the extent it talks about
         | weighing risks vs. benefits of various choices (which is quite
         | a bit), is _not_ about the precautionary principle, despite its
         | title.
        
         | dandelany wrote:
         | Well said. Perhaps the proverb should be "an ounce of
         | prevention is worth a one-sixteenth chance of a pound of cure"
         | :)
        
       | hargup wrote:
       | Also checkout Taleb's paper on Precautionary Principle
       | https://www.fooledbyrandomness.com/pp2.pdf
       | 
       | "If an action or policy has a suspected risk of causing severe
       | harm to the public domain, the action should not be taken in the
       | absence of scientific near-certainty about its safety."
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | The Precautionary Principle is a religious principal.
       | 
       | You see it championed the most by religious organisations like
       | the environmental movement.
       | 
       | This article doesn't quite get the religious framework. These are
       | not the Precautionary Principle -
       | 
       | > medical maxim to "first do no harm."
       | 
       | > For example, if one person per year dies from an allergic
       | reaction to a guinea pig bite, it's probably not worth banning
       | pet guinea pigs.
       | 
       | A very good example of breaking the The Precautionary Principle
       | is rolling out covid-19 vaccines. If it's dangerous it could kill
       | humanity.
        
       | literallyaduck wrote:
       | Great article, I'd like to see several pairs of pen and paper RPG
       | groups with identical characters attempt the same pre-built
       | adventure with one group employing the strategy outlined and see
       | which group is more successful.
        
       | sfvisser wrote:
       | I must admit I never fully understand PP. I get you need to be
       | cautious in cases of asymmetric risk where say 99.9% of the time
       | the outcome is good and 0.1% catastrophically, unrecoverably bad.
       | Especially when the distribution isn't even known.
       | 
       | But this is everything in life! Every time you get in car, cross
       | the street, climb the kitchen stairs. So there is a tradeoff
       | somewhere, but we don't know where, almost by definition. Which
       | makes this principle rather unprincipled.
       | 
       | If only we could know when we don't know.
        
         | autokad wrote:
         | I often see pp keep people poor and stuck. Its interesting they
         | hate where they are in life but refuse to do anything different
         | because perceived risk, and that its better to do nothing.
         | 
         | you should save money poor: it doesn't grow fast enough,
         | inflation risk
         | 
         | you should invest poor: don't want to loose money, risk
         | 
         | you should go to school poor: what if I end stuck with student
         | loan debt, cant find a job, what will the world look like in 4
         | years?
         | 
         | there is not a lot of opportunity in your area, you should move
         | poor: I wont know the place or anyone there, how will I <insert
         | what ever>
         | 
         | this literally happened, Home prices are going down and
         | interest rates are low, you should buy a house. you dont even
         | need a down payment as you can get 15k for it from wells fargo
         | FREE poor: I dont want to buy a house now, it might go down.
         | 
         | 5 years later... poor: home prices are so high, I can't afford
        
           | gbin wrote:
           | Yes, people are often hiding behind the PP.
           | 
           | But often the biggest risk is to not take _any_ risk.
        
         | Tycho wrote:
         | The distribution of car accidents etc. is known though. I think
         | the point is to determine when you are operating in
         | mediocristan, and when you are possibly operating in
         | extremistan.
        
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