[HN Gopher] Japan's government plans to encourage 4-day workweek...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Japan's government plans to encourage 4-day workweek, but experts
       split
        
       Author : m3at
       Score  : 849 points
       Date   : 2021-06-21 02:03 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (mainichi.jp)
 (TXT) w3m dump (mainichi.jp)
        
       | post_break wrote:
       | Will this be one of those Japanese quirks just like 5pm, where
       | they say 4 day work week, but then still work 5-6 work weeks?
       | Like sure, you can leave at 5, but do you want to be the person
       | to leave at 5?
        
       | Proven wrote:
       | If any of the so called "experts" who support this had any clue,
       | they could have been leading most successful Japan companies.
       | 
       | But they aren't. Because they are merely just academics with
       | socialist leanings.
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
       | Why does the government need to be involved if employers actually
       | get better productivity in the first place? Let employers
       | experiment by themselves and see what works best. Another typical
       | example of top-to-bottom leadership in Japan.
        
         | culopatin wrote:
         | Perhaps because without the intervention, they weren't doing
         | it.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | Then you probably need to ask why.
        
         | kumarvvr wrote:
         | If the government doesn't make laws that define broad
         | principles, capitalism will eat you alive.
         | 
         | Employers are greedy and evil. Their focus is profit
         | maximization. Not employee well being.
         | 
         | Given the chance, do you really think employers will even give
         | vacation days to employees? No way. They will want you to work
         | 24/7 if the govt. is ok with it.
        
           | throw123123123 wrote:
           | Where do you think the salary comes from in the beginning?
        
             | kumarvvr wrote:
             | At the beginning of civilized society? From the government
             | itself. Then it slowly evolves into capital flow to people
             | closely connected to the government (aristocrats, royalty,
             | etc) and then to common people through banks.
             | 
             | You seem to imply that for any entrepreneurship, you need
             | to have no worker protections at all. But that is simply
             | false.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | > At the beginning of civilized society? From the
               | government itself.
               | 
               | You seem to have no understanding that powerful states is
               | a VERY recent invention in History.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > If the government doesn't make laws that define broad
           | principles, capitalism will eat you alive.
           | 
           | Has it? Levels of life of the whole world are on the rise for
           | the past 20 years at least - if you want to make that
           | argument the current data does not support that at all.
        
             | boardwaalk wrote:
             | Look up the industrial revolution and labor laws. Y'know,
             | when things like child labor were outlawed. Good things, I
             | hope you will agree.
        
           | kwere wrote:
           | ford & Westinghouse disagree with you, but that is possible
           | only in non-feudalistic sectors and benevolent masters
        
         | rvba wrote:
         | Then you end up with 996 system that is good for employers but
         | not for employees or society.
        
       | dsq wrote:
       | The main driver for this may be Japan's demographic implosion, as
       | stated in the first paragraph:
       | 
       | "...improve the balance between work and life...family care".
       | 
       | A three day weekend would give the salaryman/person some time
       | with family.
       | 
       | Other countries are making policy changes as well. China is also
       | planning to remove all caps on births to combat what they see as
       | problematic demographics.
        
       | 88840-8855 wrote:
       | I worked in Japan for a while. My contract was saying 28.5 hours
       | per week, but I was expected to work 40 hours+. This is where I
       | went into discussions with my boss who was very angry at me and
       | fired me on the same say I told him that I was expecting to work
       | the hours that were mentioned in the contract. I had to clean up
       | the desk and leave immediatly after that meeting.
       | 
       | Then I got in touch with the officials and lawyers. Labor law IS
       | already strong in Japan, but it is the employees who do not
       | demand it and the employers who do not follow it. The officials
       | are running many campaigns to advertise equality and proper
       | working hours. Just nobody cares.
       | 
       | Long story short - I got my salary paid ouf for a couple of
       | months and could stay in Japan. Best time of my life and this is
       | the way you should experience Japan: live there, DO NOT work,
       | have enough money to support a certain lifestyle.
       | 
       | Now I am back to Germany and I am happy that I have a decently
       | paid, low stress 40 hours work week, 100% home office, many
       | perks, I am practially unfireable, 32 holidays per year and a
       | worker friendly corporate culture.
        
       | 41209 wrote:
       | I strongly suspect this has to do with Japan's low birth rate.
       | But I would love a society where you only need to work three or
       | four days a week. As they always say no one says on their
       | deathbed I wish I spent more time at the office
        
       | skhr0680 wrote:
       | The social contract in Japan was that you'd give your life to
       | your employer in exchange for a fair wage and stable employment
       | until you retired. Neither of those things are true now. Wages
       | are low and companies either ignore their legal obligations or
       | hire people as contractors, who have less rights than full time
       | "employees".
       | 
       | Now, many people, especially women* and young people are finding
       | that it's possible to run a small business for 3-4 days a week
       | and make more money than an entry or even mid-level full time
       | office job.
       | 
       | So, I think Japan finally enforcing rules against abusive
       | behavior at the workplace and pushing for a 4-day week, if it
       | really happens, is a reflection of where society is at right now.
       | 
       | *Women have a low wage ceiling because they are expected to quit
       | and have children at any time.
        
         | nkssy wrote:
         | I think it says a lot about Japanese workplace pay if a small
         | business at 3-4 days per week can outperform it. Not that I
         | doubt it in any way: I've just started my own sideline and I'm
         | already at 25% of my job income yet only putting in 5 hours of
         | effort to do so.
        
           | TrackerFF wrote:
           | Yes, but for how long though.
           | 
           | Many of these Japanese firms are many _hundreds_ of years
           | old, and will probably stick around for some hundred more
           | years.
           | 
           | Being able to run a small business for 5-10 years is very
           | possible, but there's no guarantee you'll be able to do that
           | for 20-30-40 years.
           | 
           | We often hear about the success stories, when it comes to
           | small businesses and startups, but there are unfortunately
           | those that will fail after N years, even if they had some
           | pretty good years.
        
             | draw_down wrote:
             | It doesn't have to be the same small business across all
             | those years, right? I don't think anyone is saying these
             | small businesses are trying to become hundred-year firms.
        
         | suls wrote:
         | Entry-level to mid-level is about 15-35Mo Yuan /month. I am
         | really curious what sort of SMEs you are talking about. Mind
         | giving some examples?
        
         | nextstep wrote:
         | This erosion of the collective belief in this social contract
         | is true for much of the western world as well, where wages have
         | been flat for 40+ years while productivity skyrocketed.
        
       | MattGaiser wrote:
       | Tangential, but how many of us need a dedicated work time period
       | at all?
       | 
       | I have a 15 minute standup every day, an hour long 1 on 1 once
       | every two weeks, and the occasional meeting where I am genuinely
       | needed and maybe 3 hours talking to another developer.
       | 
       | I would love to convert my job into a purely objectives driven
       | thing with the only requirement being that I am online/in the
       | office for those specific 5 or so hours a week.
       | 
       | I will take the risk that what I think takes a week of work runs
       | over (forcing me to work on weekends) in exchange for that kind
       | of flexibility.
        
         | hypnoscripto wrote:
         | That's basically my life and it's fantastic. I work 12
         | timezones away from my colleagues. Get real work done while
         | they are asleep, stay up for occasional meetings, scheduled in
         | advance. I usually take two tickets at once, so if I get stuck
         | and need help, I can switch to the other ticket until someone
         | who can help me is awake.
        
           | MattGaiser wrote:
           | I admittedly did this a few weeks during the pandemic. Worked
           | through the night, attended standup, and then slept and went
           | about my day, answering Slack stuff in the late afternoon. So
           | productive.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | On the other hand, I have 4-5 hours of meetings a day, often in
         | scarce overlap hours between timezones. Having to take 10
         | different random schedules into account would be hell.
         | 
         | Sure, people could just work flexibly to accommodate the
         | necessary meetings, but I'm my experience, that just leads to
         | people being on call for 10-12 hours a day with no regular
         | schedule.
         | 
         | In every company I have been part of, workers who didn't need
         | dedicated work times simply didn't keep them. It is only
         | becomes an issue if it doesn't work.
        
       | kumarvvr wrote:
       | Of all places, that this is coming from Japan is astounding. The
       | culture of "company man" in Japan is notorious for essentially
       | absorbing and erasing the line between family life and company
       | life for an employee.
       | 
       | There are horror stories floating around on the internet that
       | explain how many stay in office, often later than their boss,
       | just to look like they are working hard.
       | 
       | And I have experienced it first hand. Went to Mitsubishi factory
       | in Takasago on a company visit. I asked the employees there, why
       | do you stay late, and they answered, everyone has to stay late.
       | 
       | I genuinely believe that an alternative to the 4-day week, is to
       | allow employees to switch off their work emails and phone calls
       | on Friday evening. No use in having a 4 day week, when your mind-
       | share is extended to a 6 day week.
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | > There are horror stories floating around on the internet that
         | explain how many stay in office, often later than their boss,
         | just to look like they are working hard.
         | 
         | The horror story there is in how late that takes them to in
         | many cases. A friend spent a year in Japan. Leaving by 8 was
         | apparently a good day.
        
           | etempleton wrote:
           | It does seem like Japan starts their day a bit later than the
           | US. Perhaps more similar to some businesses in New York where
           | you might roll into the office between 10 and 11, but then
           | stay until 8 or 9 pm. Still a very long day. It is so
           | ingrained in their work culture that closing the office one
           | additional day a week may be the only way to give some time
           | back to employees.
        
           | SilverRed wrote:
           | I have heard that this is somewhat offset by rolling up a lot
           | of social/etc time in to work. So they will have dinner at
           | work with the other employees. Still horrible but it helps to
           | understand how they even manage to live while working that
           | long.
        
         | erikerikson wrote:
         | There was a recent study at Microsoft Japan if I recall
         | correctly. There have been rigorous studies throughout the
         | works for some time before that.
        
       | brbrodude wrote:
       | Would this have something to do with improving natality rates?
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | Well surely that is the only reason why they are pushing for
         | it. And yet most of the discussions seems to be missing the
         | point. ( Discussing Work hours without Japanese in the context
         | )
         | 
         | I am not entirely sure if this will help though. Birth Rate in
         | Japan, ( or in any nation ) is a complex issues. Both cultural
         | and economics. Why would anyone want a baby when they can
         | barely afford themselves decent standard of living? ( Standard
         | being different from person to person )
        
           | alephnan wrote:
           | > when they can barely afford themselves decent standard of
           | living
           | 
           | Rent and food even in Tokyo is much cheaper than even medium
           | sized cities in the states.
           | 
           | People might not be able to afford a luxurious lifestyle in
           | Japan, and economists standard of living models may tell you
           | otherwise, but the standard of living for a typical person in
           | Japan is high
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | Which is why I said ( Standard being different from person
             | to person ).
             | 
             | Once it becomes a norm, people want more.
        
               | alephnan wrote:
               | You originally argued Japan has low birthrate because
               | people can't afford it.
               | 
               | There are macro and microeconomic reasons , but not being
               | able to afford to raise a child is not one of them. Most
               | of the reasons are social.
        
       | mmmBacon wrote:
       | Shouldn't the benefit of all our technology be the gaining of
       | time for leisure and non-work pursuits?
        
       | deevolution wrote:
       | "Those who want more days off for such purposes as acquiring new
       | skills and taking side jobs are not eligible for the program, he
       | said."
       | 
       | Of course - why would a company want their employees to learn new
       | skills on the side that could potentially lead to greater
       | personal fulfillment -.-
        
       | Aeolun wrote:
       | My guess is they'll ask employees to work 4 10 hour days, and ask
       | them to come in for extra work on Friday and Saturday as a
       | 'special exception'. Of course, now the 10 hour workday is
       | normalized, so you can extract extra time on the other days too.
        
       | misterremote wrote:
       | > For employers, while people working four days a week may become
       | more motivated, this may not improve their productivity enough to
       | compensate for the lost workday.
       | 
       | But why do we have to "compensate for the lost workday"? Let's
       | just say that at this point in history we appreciate work-life
       | balance more than before and we'll switch to 4-day weeks with the
       | same paycheck.
        
       | crossroadsguy wrote:
       | I read hopeful and idealistic (I've the same wish and hope, by
       | the way) comments on HN and contrast it by thinking of CEOs and
       | CTOs not even giving this news another second; laughing at it
       | would mean it affected them in unimaginable ways.
       | 
       | Most of these "leaders", especially in "startups", have very
       | short term goals - exit, acquisition, insane funding and
       | valuations etc.
       | 
       | It's not that they don't think about employees burning out or
       | lack of their well-being. They count on it. They know exactly
       | what's happening and they know that that 2<x> year old burning
       | out (literally falling ill mentally and physically) after 7 month
       | of hell, but wrote y number of functioning APIs, was a great
       | success!
       | 
       | And that's just software.
        
       | meerita wrote:
       | Correct me, but they want to cheapen the labor by adding more
       | people do to the same job on a week timeline?
        
       | eucryphia wrote:
       | Same government that runs a debt to GDP ratio of 266%
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/15/spain-to-launc...
         | (Spain to launch trial of four-day working week) 120% debt to
         | GDP
         | 
         | For fun, the US is at 127%. Equity, debt, fiat, just rows in a
         | database. If it doesn't work out, what's the worst that
         | happens? We go back to few more hours a week? But if it _does_
         | work, it's time work evolves further.
        
           | andrewmcwatters wrote:
           | Say you loan someone some money, and they just... don't pay
           | it back. Well, who cares right? After all, it's just a number
           | in your bank account.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Nation state finances are not the same as household
             | finances.
        
               | andrewmcwatters wrote:
               | This meme is just foolish and overly repeated. If we just
               | printed money forever we'd be like Germany or Venezuela.
               | 
               | Do you really think that at large scales the need to
               | watch spending just dissolves? Why do you think nations
               | have budgets? Do you think it's all a fun game?
               | 
               | If what you're suggesting doesn't work, people don't just
               | go back to work longer hours.
               | 
               | Some people die, some people lose their homes.
               | Incredible.
               | 
               | But hey, just rows in a database. Tell that to families
               | scraping by.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | I think it's reasonable to iterate and experiment with
               | policy without devolving to extreme positions such as
               | your comment.
               | 
               | We've forgiven $3 billion in student loan debt in the US,
               | for various legitimate reasons, without consequence for
               | example. Yes, the US has more power to do this because
               | it's a reserve currency, and no you can't do it forever,
               | but there is room to experiment when you're a nation
               | state.
               | 
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackfriedman/2021/06/16/bide
               | n-h...
        
               | andrewmcwatters wrote:
               | There really isn't a consequence here, it's just
               | taxpayers paying off other people's student loans.
        
       | misterremote wrote:
       | > Takuya Hoshino, an economist at the Dai-ichi Life Research
       | Institute, says simply introducing a four-day workweek may not
       | necessarily encourage employees to use their time off in a way
       | that benefits their careers or contributes to the economy.
       | 
       | The idea shouldn't be how this benefits their career and
       | contributes to the economy, but how the individual can live a
       | more balanced and healthy life.
        
       | mc32 wrote:
       | Will they let/make people to leave the office at "5PM"? and force
       | them to take earned holidays?
       | 
       | Might as well do something about nomikai[1] while they are at it.
       | 
       | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomikai
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | If not these are great ideas! And compliance can be measured
         | and actioned (turn off lights automatically, lock out logins
         | and emails on holidays).
        
           | derefr wrote:
           | I feel like anything the Japanese government does that only
           | disincentivizes _employees_ from overwork, without
           | disincentivizing _employers_ from _expecting_ overwork, will
           | only result in employees finding new and creative ways to
           | overwork to appease their employers.
        
             | lkois wrote:
             | I worked in a couple of Japanese tech offices. Contracts
             | and salary included prepaid overtime, to get around the
             | government saying ALL overtime should be paid. But they
             | must have also allowed up to 40 hours per month to be
             | considered "reasonable", so that number was in the
             | contract, and I'd only get overtime if I went over it. Felt
             | like a shitty loophole to agree to, but luckily both
             | companies were super cool and overtime was uncommon, but
             | happened sometimes. So it felt like they'd just put it in
             | as a convenience, like saying "there might be some
             | overtime, but let's not deal with paperwork unless it gets
             | out of hand". And the "40 hours" was paid regardless.
             | 
             | It would definitely be a convenient loophole for companies
             | to continue shitty practices, so I think I just lucked out
             | with the places I worked at.
        
               | flippinburgers wrote:
               | At the end of the day all that matters is how much one
               | makes for when working full-time. I find it insulting
               | that the employer acts like it is already paying you for
               | a 2 hour per day overtime schedule on a salary that is
               | already bad. To be clear Japanese salaries, in my
               | experience, are bad. Slicing out some of the already low
               | salary and claiming it is there just in case one does
               | work overtime is not ok.
        
         | lmm wrote:
         | They're trying; they already punish employers whose reported
         | timesheets show employees working above 40 hours/month
         | overtime, and/or whose employees don't report taking off at
         | least 5 days/year. This has certainly reduced reported
         | overtime; the extent to which it has reduced actual overtime is
         | disputed.
        
       | EE84M3i wrote:
       | I think people might be a little confused about what the
       | government is telegraphing here.
       | 
       | Japanese labour regulations are very strict, in particular around
       | hours worked. Basically all employees (yes, including engineers)
       | need to clock in and out, the concept of a "salaried worker"
       | doesn't really exist, although normally engineers are paid for a
       | certain number of hours regardless if they are actually worked.
       | Primarily it is to make sure that overtime is paid and not
       | excessive, but I believe there are also some related to the
       | definition of what a "full time" job is.
       | 
       | So, it sounds to me like the government is considering relaxing
       | those definitions on minimum hours worked to make it easier for
       | firms to adopt 4 day work week if they so choose.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | totetsu wrote:
         | I wonder what this will mean for all those teaching contracts
         | that come in at 30mins short of a "full time" job, for the
         | purposes of the company not having to pay benefits..
        
         | amake wrote:
         | > Basically all employees (yes, including engineers) need to
         | clock in and out, the concept of a "salaried worker" doesn't
         | really exist
         | 
         | Cai Liang Lao Dong Zhi  certainly meets the spirit of "salaried
         | worker" if not the letter ("need" to clock in for at least 1
         | minute to be counted as working for the day).
        
         | loosetypes wrote:
         | > the concept of a "salaried worker" doesn't really exist
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaryman
        
       | eric4smith wrote:
       | Big mistake. It was the 5-6 day week that built modern Japan.
       | 
       | A lot of people are talking about cutting back on days
       | everywhere.
       | 
       | But now, more than ever, is when we need to be working harder to
       | get back to where we were before.
       | 
       | (Of course, my attitude to these things is shaped by being a
       | business owner -- not an employee. So take with that point of
       | view)
        
         | kwere wrote:
         | human labour is becoming less and less relevant in production
         | of goods & services, society must find a balance between an
         | everdominant capital and diminuishing labour value (as a
         | whole), keeping busy all hours in bullshit jobs is not the same
         | as 50 years ago (from a global perspective)
        
         | kumarvvr wrote:
         | > It was the 5-6 day week that built modern Japan
         | 
         | Are you sure that is because of employees slogging in
         | factories?
         | 
         | Productive people outside of work will develop and nurture
         | their passions. That is a net positive effect on the economy.
         | This leads to new innovations, companies and benefit to the
         | economy.
        
         | andrewxdiamond wrote:
         | The objective of work is not "to work", its to be productive.
         | If a 4 day week is more productive than a 5 day, why wouldn't
         | you support it as a business owner?
        
           | tasogare wrote:
           | > The objective of work is not "to work", its to be
           | productive.
           | 
           | Exactly. Which is why of all governments the Japanese one is
           | pushing the 4 day week is really surprising. Here the
           | mentality is really to work for the show, even if resulting
           | in no increase of production whatsoever.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | Only an owner would feel that way. Without significant equity,
         | what's the point?
         | 
         | The worker gets nothing except less life and more stress. The
         | owner sucks up all the benefit.
        
           | burlesona wrote:
           | Perhaps society would be better off if more of us were
           | owners?
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | That's what the creator economy is!
        
             | sudosysgen wrote:
             | Not really possible. If everyone is an owner, no one is an
             | owner. You can try completely abolishing the worker/owner
             | dichotomy though, which is very difficult but probably
             | possible.
        
             | kumarvvr wrote:
             | You need a healthy mix of workers and owners. Those owners
             | need incentives, and workers need protection.
             | 
             | Money is a powerful drug and society needs to tame the
             | habit. Otherwise, you will end up with conditions equal to
             | slavery for the workers and royalty for the capital owners.
             | 
             | All this will lead to is revolutions and bloodshed.
             | 
             | Its ok to sacrifice rapid growth, in cycles, to steady but
             | slower growth that has none.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | Distributism?
        
               | rataata_jr wrote:
               | Small businesses?
        
             | spaetzleesser wrote:
             | It would definitely be better off if more people felt they
             | were participating in economic growth. Over the last few
             | decades most growth has gone to a small number of people
             | and the rest didn't really benefit. This leads to a very
             | cynical and resigned attitude.
        
           | axaxs wrote:
           | I find the whole balance rather interesting.
           | 
           | The worker thinks 'without my work, the owner would have
           | nothing!'
           | 
           | The owner thinks 'without my business, the worker would have
           | nothing.'
           | 
           | The truth is, both are right, to different degrees depending
           | on the circumstances. A good owner should make workers feel
           | they have a stake, whether by salary or ownership. A good
           | worker should make the owner believe they are making a good
           | decision by paying them.
           | 
           | I have no answer to the debate in the title, I just find this
           | little sub-argument fascinating.
        
         | whatever_dude wrote:
         | Different times. There was a time you needed hands on deck; you
         | needed many many people doing hard, mechanic work.
         | 
         | This is a time where you need minds on deck. The "knowledge
         | worker" as some places call it. You stretch them too thin and
         | you get less for you money and time.
         | 
         | Is a 4 day week better? I don't know. But I know it's not the
         | same context as it was too years ago.
        
         | lxe wrote:
         | Not a business owner, but I have a household.
         | 
         | There's always more stuff to be done and it needs to be done
         | faster to keep up.
         | 
         | However I can't just expect everyone to keep "working harder"
         | without sacrificing the household itself.
         | 
         | Just letting things lapse, optimizing for speed through
         | technology, and lowering expectations (un)surprisingly end up
         | with a healthy household.
         | 
         | Business can be run the same way.
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | In the short-term, overwork provides a productivity boost. But
         | in the long-term, makes people less productive, people waste
         | their time more... and the worst part: they neglect activities
         | outside work. Like being with their families, or starting a
         | family, or looking for a partner.
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | So how do you explain the last thirty years in Japan? Was there
         | a decrease in work ethic?
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | Furthermore, people are so worked to the bone that they
           | forgot about having kids and raising families.
        
         | cableshaft wrote:
         | What's with this obsession to 'get back to where we were
         | before'?
         | 
         | Where we were before was broken, and the pandemic helped reveal
         | that. Poor work/life balance, income inequality, industries
         | built on JIT processes which fail spectacularly when the
         | unexpected happens (see lumber, shipping containers,
         | semiconductors, etc), an unfortunate wake-up call that even
         | with entire industries shut down and almost no flights and cars
         | on the road we only reduced emissions by 13% so we're going to
         | need to make incredible sacrifices and green-tech investments
         | if we even want to hope at our promised 50% reduction by 2030.
         | 
         | We shouldn't hope to get to where we were before. We should try
         | to be better, and perhaps learn to live with less, because on a
         | global scale we're not going to have a choice before too long
         | whether we do it consciously or have it forced on us.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > What's with this obsession to 'get back to where we were
           | before'?
           | 
           | > Where we were before was broken,
           | 
           | Not for the people with dominant power over society,
           | including over the media organizations that write the
           | narratives fed to the masses.
           | 
           | And that's the answer to your question.
        
             | cableshaft wrote:
             | Good point, fair enough. We should push back against that
             | narrative, then, I guess is my point.
        
           | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
           | Green Tech isn't the savior we need. Flat out there needs to
           | be a consumption revolution worldwide. Even if say we were
           | all driving electric cars, on top of the energy required for
           | normal everyday life now, you're also adding powering those
           | cars. The necessary "reliable" green energy generation for
           | that to happen is nothing short of trillions of dollars (when
           | I say reliable, I mean exactly as you use it today). Yes I'm
           | pulling that number out of my butt, although I'm in major
           | power company in the country. Over 85% of our power
           | generation is from non-renewables like natural gas and coal.
           | Why? Well for one thing Natural resource departments don't
           | like us damming up rivers as well as Joe "Second Home"
           | Schmoe. On top of that, wind is unreliable or if it's too
           | windy we can't use them so the turbine doesn't obliterate
           | from too much torque. Sun? Where is the sun in winter?
           | 
           | I get so upset about people who think green energy is the
           | answer when they don't realize it's not feasible if you want
           | your current lifestyle. People altogether need to stop
           | driving so much, spending so much, and living more modestly.
           | I guarantee you without even switching to green energy we'd
           | see a higher drop in non-renewable usage.
        
             | SilverRed wrote:
             | I think what gets people so stuck on this problem is that
             | nothing solves it. Everything is only x% of the problem,
             | everyone is only a tiny contributor. We need to solve
             | everything and all the percents add up to solving it.
             | 
             | Green energy is not the end of the solution but it is part
             | of it. It's also quite a big part of it.
        
               | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
               | It is not unless we can reliably store energy, which we
               | still can't. If there was some way we could store
               | megawatts of power on reserve, it would offset the
               | unreliability. But when you have 7 billion + people in
               | the world, you can't stop what's already in motion.
        
             | cableshaft wrote:
             | > People altogether need to stop driving so much, spending
             | so much, and living more modestly.
             | 
             | Yeah I believe I said that when I said we need to make
             | large sacrifices, I just didn't specify what those
             | sacrifices were exactly.
             | 
             | I don't think green tech is the end-all be-all. I honestly
             | think we're kind of fucked either way (if anything I was
             | holding back, I've been reading some pretty bleak shit
             | about how impossible this task will be and how bad things
             | can get, but this is Hacker News and most people here don't
             | seem to be receptive to that). Clean tech is just part of
             | reducing the degree of how fucked we are, at least
             | slightly.
             | 
             | And I also think nuclear energy needs to be part of that
             | solution to bring down emissions as well, at least for now.
             | I haven't been against nuclear power for a long time, and
             | was disappointed how people shunned it again after
             | Fukushima.
        
               | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
               | One reason we don't do nuclear is not enough people are
               | skilled in it, we don't want to invest in building them
               | after just having decommissioned two, and they are the
               | ultimate NIMBY powerplant. Tell people there's a coal
               | plant and they may get upset. Tell them there's a nuclear
               | power plant after just having seen the HBO series
               | Chernobyl and guess how fast they'll be knocking down the
               | city governments door to not allow it. You're spot on
               | really. People just don't trust it and there's nothing we
               | can do about it.
        
           | PraetorianGourd wrote:
           | Honestly, I can only imagine this is informed by a relatively
           | privileged place in society.
           | 
           | First of all, your focus on this boogeyman of work/life
           | balance assumes that all but a small percent of the global
           | population even has enough autonomy in their employment to
           | enjoy any balance whatsoever. Most everyone in the world is
           | at sustenance levels of labor, "work/life balance" is the
           | work of being alive. Secondly, JIT everything worked for the
           | past 100 years, failed during an unprecedented in history
           | event (we've had pandemics, but we've never "shut down"
           | society) and will probably recover to do well until the next
           | once-in-a-century event. Solving the global emissions crises
           | isn't going to occur via the wealthiest working remotely or
           | "learning to live with less". Population growth is far and
           | away the biggest contributor to global climate change. Not
           | your commute to the office, but growing enough food, building
           | enough homes and providing for nearly 10 billion people and
           | counting. Again, most of these people don't have anywhere
           | near the luxury of bemoaning a poor work/life balance.
           | 
           | It is so telling that the answer you see to solve the woes of
           | modern society -- which as you are commenting on HN, you and
           | me and the rest of us are beneficiaries of -- is to work less
           | and remotely. What sacrifice you make for the good of the
           | world!
           | 
           | I am sorry I just am beyond over the sanctimony and self-
           | importance of everyone. Now that _you_ have _yours_ and can
           | relax in relative comfort, lets call it a day and cut off the
           | engine that rose you and yours out of poverty for those poor
           | schmucks still dreaming of the comfort of a 40-hour work
           | week.
        
             | cableshaft wrote:
             | I mean, this is Hacker News, most people here are in a
             | privileged place compared to the rest of the world. That's
             | kind of the audience.
             | 
             | I'm fully aware not everyone is in this position to request
             | or push for work/life balance. I've worked a decent amount
             | of shitty jobs in my day, in fast food, retail,
             | shipping/receiving, warehouse work. I've gone through
             | periods where I was so physically exhausted after work I
             | didn't do much more than go home and pass out and wake up
             | and go back to work again. It sucks. And I don't know what
             | they can do exactly, I'm too far removed from that now.
             | 
             | I believe I did say that shutting down and working remotely
             | brought our emissions down only 13%, not "solving the
             | global emissions crisis". I said it was a painful wake-up
             | call that even with all that happened last year, it wasn't
             | anywhere near enough. So we need to try to do as much of
             | that as possible _and a lot, lot more_ if we are to get
             | anywhere close.
             | 
             | I don't know what that might be. I was listening to Bill
             | Gates' 'How to Avoid a Climate Catastrophe' and he thinks
             | there's several technologies that can possibly get our
             | emissions to zero in the next decade or two. But after
             | listening to that book I'm more dubious than he is. It
             | sounded like even with his optimism he just inadvertently
             | kept making a case for how fucking hard it is, how every
             | piece of the solution has downsides and problems to
             | overcome to work at scale, and how there's no way we're
             | going to change enough hearts and minds or provide enough
             | incentives to do enough to get us to 50% reduction in the
             | next decade, or all the way down to zero by 2050.
             | 
             | I don't think just staying home means we solved it, not by
             | a long shot. We (and I mean corporations in this too,
             | they're the bigger culprits than individuals) need to be
             | doing all the things and a whole lot more, _if possible_ ,
             | and even then I don't see it being enough totally avert
             | catastrophe. I'm just hoping instead of like, 4-8 degrees
             | warming (and likely human extinction or near extinction),
             | maybe we'll somehow bring it down to _only_ 2-3 degrees of
             | warming. And that will still lead to terrible things.
             | 
             | And it'll be hard to give up creature comforts. I'm failing
             | pretty hard at this more than I'd like to myself right now.
             | I'm trying to get better, though, but even if I do, it's
             | going to make such a tiny, unnoticeable difference by
             | itself.
             | 
             | We can expect things to get fucking bad regardless, I
             | think, I'm just hoping we can make things slightly less bad
             | instead of everyone just shrugging our shoulders and
             | accelerating and steering directly into the iceberg.
        
               | PraetorianGourd wrote:
               | My main thesis is that this is almost purely a population
               | problem. The developed world can give up all their
               | creature comforts and it would still not nearly be enough
               | to even put a dent in anything.
               | 
               | We are already dealing with famine and disease in many
               | places of the world. Independent of whether or not this
               | is climate caused, we can't solve it without expending
               | large resources and using the industrial might that we've
               | built.
               | 
               | The conundrum is that the place with massive population
               | growth aren't really the places with the resources to
               | implement green energy solutions. Coal is easier, coal is
               | cheaper. Yes, the developed world's love of meat is a
               | major source of deforestation, but so is the need to grow
               | the food to feed 10 billion people.
               | 
               | Retarding population growth is _the_ single biggest thing
               | we can do as a species to reduce climate damage. This is
               | one of the reasons I am not planning to have kids, when I
               | die the relative population to my existence drops by one.
               | Even if my kid rode their bike their whole life, lived in
               | a climate friendly passive heating/cooling house and ate
               | locally sourced food, their existence would produce more
               | climate gasses than my ICE could ever dream of producing.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Retarding population growth is _the_ single biggest
               | thing we can do as a species to reduce climate damage
               | 
               | Retarding economic growth is, a better candidate, if you
               | limit it to "retarding growth"; you'd need substantial
               | and rapid population reduction (not just "retarding
               | growth") to offset the expected effects of near term
               | economic development outside of the West.
               | 
               | Obviously, the _biggest_ thing we could do to end
               | anthropogenic clomate change is species-scale mass
               | suicide. No anthropos, no anthropogenic climate change.
               | 
               | OTOH, most people who want to address that problem
               | _don't_ actually think that doing the most we can on that
               | unconditionally overrides all other concerns.
        
               | PraetorianGourd wrote:
               | That is sort-of the subtext of my thinking on this whole
               | thing. Want to limit famine? You will warm the globe.
               | Want to cool the planet? Production and industrialization
               | needs to halt which will increase famine.
               | 
               | It is all a balancing act and I am not convinced any
               | balance we find won't result in massive suffering and
               | loss of life somewhere.
        
         | 73gfg wrote:
         | Only given highly parallelizable tasks wherein input linearly
         | maps to output, e.g. picking corn, laying train tracks,
         | chopping trees, etc.
         | 
         | Technology increases leverage allowing exponential outputs
         | given the right inputs.
         | 
         | Overworking employees ceases to be a viable strategy for high
         | tech industries.
        
         | spaetzleesser wrote:
         | "But now, more than ever, is when we need to be working harder
         | to get back to where we were before."
         | 
         | the question is whether working more really leads to working
         | harder and more output. From what I see most people just go
         | through the motion after a certain amount of work per week.
         | They look busy and feel busy but I am not sure the output is
         | there. I personally I am most productive if I work around 32
         | hours per week with some spurts of much more work in between.
        
       | tus89 wrote:
       | Maybe they should start with 8-hour days, then do a 4-day
       | workweek XD
        
       | trixie_ wrote:
       | Wouldn't it be cool if in addition to a 4 day work week, that
       | those days could be flexible. It could actually benefit the both
       | society and the company, as in the company is operating in some
       | form 7 days a week for customers. And for society the 'weekend'
       | is more flexible which improves traffic during the week and the
       | overcrowding you typically find on saturday/sunday.
        
       | koch wrote:
       | This could make it a little more difficult to keep track of
       | companies that have a 4 day week[0], but a good problem to have I
       | guess!
       | 
       | [0] https://thelistofcompanies.com
        
       | polm23 wrote:
       | I'm skeptical this will actually see wide adoption.
       | 
       | I don't mean to suggest this is a universal trend, but I remember
       | being surprised to see that Tora no Ana, a comic book shop with
       | tech company aspirations, advertised "super engineer" positions
       | that let you work four days a week. But it turned out this was a
       | position with higher qualifications than a normal engineer that
       | just gave you the option of working four ten hour days instead of
       | five eight hour ones.
       | 
       | https://www.toranoana.jp/recruit/super-engineer/
       | 
       | While the suggested four day work week here sounds like a real
       | four days and not longer hours, I do think that managing company
       | expectations will be difficult.
        
       | ineedasername wrote:
       | While I would like it, unfortunately it wouldn't work for things
       | like customer-facing positions. If the business is open from 9am
       | to 9pm then it still needs the same level of staff coverage. The
       | company could either reduce pay proportionately, or keep paying
       | the same salaries (and increase hourly workers' pay
       | proportionately) and hire more people, incurring a 20% increase
       | in labor costs.
        
       | rawtxapp wrote:
       | I think more companies should (and probably will consider) 4-day
       | maybe even 3-day workweeks as technology makes us more
       | productive. Especially in industries that require deep thinking,
       | the output doesn't necessarily scale with # of hours a worker
       | puts in, not every hour is the same. I think 10 hours of highly
       | productive work is much better than 40 hours of busy work.
       | 
       | Anecdotally, I managed to accumulate almost 300 hours of vacation
       | time and now switched over to 3-day weeks at a big tech company
       | for a while and even though I really enjoy my work, I feel much
       | better this way and roughly at the same productivity, but a lot
       | happier.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > Especially in industries that require deep thinking, the
         | output doesn't necessarily scale with # of hours a worker puts
         | in, not every hour is the same.
         | 
         | Its not about the number of days per week, it's also about the
         | frequency of the thinking you put into it. If you do a 4 days
         | break between two work days, I'd be very surprised if you
         | remember anything in detail of your previous work period.
        
           | _delirium wrote:
           | This is part of why I prefer the opposite of the 4-day
           | workweek trend. I typically do _some_ work 6 or 7 days a
           | week, but a workday might be only 2 or 3 hours, on some of
           | those days. I don 't feel like a workaholic, and am not doing
           | 60-hour weeks or anything. I average maybe 30-35 hours
           | depending on the week, but those hours are spread over more
           | days. Outside of the occasional "in the zone" hacking session
           | or paper deadline a handful of times a year, there's no way I
           | can work 8 hours in a single day on a regular basis! But
           | working on a problem for a few hours a day in a regular
           | cadence, not long enough each day to get burned out, but
           | frequently enough that I still remember what I'm doing - that
           | I like.
        
             | dragonsky67 wrote:
             | I think this could be a very effective use of your time. I
             | always find the break from Friday to Monday very disruptive
             | if I've got to carry work across, especially if I've had a
             | busy/fun weekend. Being able to do 3-4 hours per day for a
             | 7 or 8 day week, then taking 4 -5 days off would make for
             | very effective work focus.
        
           | xmprt wrote:
           | Not all "weekends" have to be at the end of the week. You can
           | have a weekend Wednesday and be able to recharge every 2 days
           | without having to wait for 4 full days before your next
           | weekend.
        
             | user123456780 wrote:
             | This is the way. I did this for a few months to burn
             | through some of my leave budget. It was great Wednesday
             | became my chores day. Get the house in order, go to the
             | bank whatever. Then the weekend was entirely spent on
             | luxury and entertainment.
             | 
             | My overall output was reasonably similar to that of a 5 day
             | week because I came at work with a waay better attitude. It
             | also made it easier to plan 2 days of work instead of 5. I
             | also spent a chunk of my Wednesday thinking about work and
             | how to tackle the next two days.
             | 
             | That meant I could without guilt take the weekend entirely
             | off and not even think about work at all.
        
               | dnate wrote:
               | I get what you are saying.
               | 
               | Just want to point out that Ideally you shouldn't feel
               | the need to think about work on either of your free days.
               | Wednesday or weekend.
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | Then it should not be called a 4-days week in the first
             | place. It's confusing.
        
         | golergka wrote:
         | Many companies would agree if you offered them to work 3 days a
         | week for 60% of your salary. I've done it.
        
           | stubish wrote:
           | Heh. I did it too, as 'transition to retirement'. Liked it so
           | much the transition bit didn't last too long.
        
           | wildrhythms wrote:
           | You're getting shafted
        
           | AussieWog93 wrote:
           | > Many companies would agree if you offered them to work 3
           | days a week for 60% of your salary. I've done it.
           | 
           | My last employer refused to even accept 4 days a week for
           | 80%. Manager brought up how much the company had invested in
           | training me as a grad (which, to be fair, they did), and that
           | cutting my hours would have meant that investment had gone to
           | waste.
           | 
           | I now work for them 0 days a week. Funny how that works.
        
             | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
             | I'll never understand that concept that certain management
             | types think they can keep you perpetually under a feeling
             | of obligation alone.
        
               | AussieWog93 wrote:
               | Knowing the manager, he was extremely devoted to his
               | work, the company and the craft. He was just holding
               | holding me to his own standards.
               | 
               | I'm assuming this is a problem in a lot of organisations;
               | the people who rise to the top are the ones who lean more
               | towards work on the work-life balance scale.
        
               | balfirevic wrote:
               | > Knowing the manager, he was extremely devoted to his
               | work, the company and the craft. He was just holding
               | holding me to his own standards.
               | 
               | He doesn't seem to have attained a high level of
               | proficiency in the craft of people management and
               | employee retention, though :)
        
               | etempleton wrote:
               | It can also just be an HR challenge in some
               | organizations. It shouldn't be, but sometimes
               | organizations can get pretty rigid on how they define
               | jobs and roles.
        
               | wincy wrote:
               | It is weird sometimes. Took me about ten recruiters
               | reaching out before I finally found a company that was
               | even willing to negotiate on vacation days. I have 23
               | vacation days a year, no thanks, I'm not going back to 15
               | until I work at your company for five years. Just
               | accepted a new position with a 15% pay raise and 20 days,
               | which when I do the math 23x=20x*1.15, which is funny
               | because I came up with the number right on the spot and
               | somehow did the math so I'd be getting equivalent
               | monetary value benefits for my PTO.
        
               | dnate wrote:
               | And I am here complaining about my 30 vacation days. Good
               | to get some perspective sometimes.
        
           | SilverRed wrote:
           | I'm sure mine would too but whenever I think about the trade,
           | I'd rather have more money and work the full time. Then I can
           | buy an investment property and relax on the gains on the
           | land.
        
             | falcolas wrote:
             | Just remember: having a "later" is not guaranteed. Too much
             | can happen between now and then.
             | 
             | My advice is to _also_ enjoy the time you know you have:
             | now. Even if it postpones the "later" for a bit.
        
           | version_five wrote:
           | I'm quoting the GP:
           | 
           | > Especially in industries that require deep thinking, the
           | output doesn't necessarily scale with # of hours a worker
           | puts in, not every hour is the same. I think 10 hours of
           | highly productive work is much better than 40 hours of busy
           | work.
           | 
           | I absolutely agree with this, but I'm skeptical of a model
           | that allows someone to come to work for only 10 hours and
           | have _those_ hours be the productive time. _Especially_ for
           | deep thinking work. My experience is that to push forward in
           | work that requires creativity and deep thought, one needs to
           | be immersed in it, while at the same time not pressured to
           | come up with something on the spot. The immersion (often)
           | requires a full time commitment to the work, even if some of
           | that time is actually spent chatting with colleagues or
           | wasting time on HN or whatever. Providing the needed freedom
           | from pressure, but still enough pressure to get results, is a
           | question of management, either personal or from good manager.
        
             | tartoran wrote:
             | I so agree with your point but I don't see this ever
             | happening in a corp type of employment. Maybe in a
             | tightknit smallish company, working alongside likeminded
             | people that could be the norm.
        
       | skinpop wrote:
       | here in japan where I live 5 day work weeks are unheard of.
       | everyone is working monday to saturday.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | How about they first do away with the culture of "have to show
       | your face in the office until 7pm and then go drinking with your
       | colleagues until midnight, or your wife will ask why you're home
       | so early"?
        
         | philosopher1234 wrote:
         | My impression is that the men are abandoning their wives to
         | manage the ids, their own careers, and housework, not
         | pressuring the men to stay away.
        
         | youeseh wrote:
         | How would the government of Japan do away with this? If it was
         | more important than backing the 4 day work week, why don't you
         | think it happened first?
        
           | supernova87a wrote:
           | It was kind of a snarky joke/commentary, I guess it was hard
           | to convey the sentiment over text.
        
       | dzaragozar wrote:
       | It is important to note that this announcement means that
       | employers can opt to work for 4 days a week, with the
       | corresponding reduction in salary. It is not reducing work week
       | to 32h with the same salary! A similar scheme exists in the
       | Netherlands, you are allowed to work 4 days a week AND you get
       | paid for 4 days of work, so 80% salary.
        
       | mjcohen wrote:
       | Amazon supports the 8-day workweek for its warehouse workers.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | It's an open secret at least in the tech world that absolutely no
       | one is putting in a productive 40 hours of work a week. This was
       | true well before the pandemic and is more pronounced than ever
       | now. Everyone needs to be "present" for 8 hours a day 5 days a
       | week, but spends their time in pointless meetings, preparing
       | documents and powerpoints that no one will read, faux
       | social/teambuilding events, hour long lunches, goofing off on the
       | internet, all to maintain the pretense of office culture.
       | 
       | Companies that shuffle things up to prioritize productivity over
       | simply showing up will be set to succeed over the next
       | generation.
        
         | ggm wrote:
         | Australia calling: 37.5hr week please. It be law.
        
           | dtn wrote:
           | It's law, but it still gets abused quite frequently (outside
           | of tech, at least).
           | 
           | Anecdotally speaking, all my mates who work in private
           | construction office jobs regularly do quite a bit of unpaid
           | overtime. It's very much a combined cultural and managerial
           | issue, clocking off at the correct hours gets you the stink-
           | eye, and the volume of work assigned necessitates overtime.
        
           | nkssy wrote:
           | I bet you're envious of the typical US 2 weeks vacation
           | allowance.
        
             | ggm wrote:
             | 20 years in with two rounds of long service leave that
             | would be "no"
        
               | nkssy wrote:
               | I sense there are colorful words before that word "No".
        
           | yskchu wrote:
           | One of the things I love most about Australia (New South
           | Wales at least) is the mandatory 2 months long service leave
           | after 10 years of service
           | 
           | https://www.industrialrelations.nsw.gov.au/employers/nsw-
           | emp...
        
           | irrational wrote:
           | Still way too long.
        
         | nixpulvis wrote:
         | I wonder if this is related to the fact that my computer seems
         | to have more bugs in it than a hive of angry bees.
        
         | blindmute wrote:
         | Yep, I've had full time six figure jobs where I was literally
         | working 5 hours per week including meetings. I've never had a
         | job where I worked more than 20 hours a week, including a
         | hectic 7-employee startup.
        
         | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
         | > Companies that shuffle things up to prioritize productivity
         | over simply showing up will be set to succeed over the next
         | generation.
         | 
         | I tend to disagree, but don't argue either way for four or five
         | day weeks, but because it seems success and productivity are
         | only loosely coupled.
         | 
         | Company financial success, and / or long term viability, I
         | believe, is largely random. Large, already successful companies
         | will, largely, continue to be so, small to medium enterprises
         | will survive the next five years at about the same rate they
         | historically have. Small business will continue to fail all
         | over the place.
         | 
         | People will continue to be super intelligent, flawed and
         | incompetent, easily distracted, lack focus, and easily
         | corrupted by power and vice.
         | 
         | And start ups, to anyone who's been paying attention, is almost
         | entirely a branch of gambling for a specific type of whale.
         | 
         | I predict that on the whole the next decade will be largely
         | like the last ten years, and there's approximately nothing to
         | be gained from chasing tiny productivity gains.
        
           | arvinsim wrote:
           | At least WFH would be normalized which is a big win
        
         | alexashka wrote:
         | I wonder if it's also an open secret that 99% of office jobs
         | today are typewriter jobs of a few decades ago - soon to be
         | gone.
         | 
         | Good riddance if people with a working brain were given any
         | power, we'd all be at 2-3 hours of work per day with robots
         | doing the rest by now.
        
         | justicezyx wrote:
         | I spend 2-3 hours working, and 3-4 hours commuting, and other
         | time in staring each other and rumbling in some meeting, and
         | have a rather relaxed lunch with friends talking nonsense...
         | 
         | This was when I was in Google
        
         | MuffinFlavored wrote:
         | > It's an open secret at least in the tech world that
         | absolutely no one is putting in a productive 40 hours of work a
         | week.
         | 
         | Is this true only in the US? What percentage of companies is
         | this true for? How many jobs will tolerate this reality?
        
         | GhostVII wrote:
         | I feel like I generally am reasonably productive for 40 hours.
         | Of course I'm not constantly super focused, but if I were to
         | work fewer hours I would get less done. Every once in a while
         | you have a meeting that isn't totally necessary, but reducing
         | working hours wouldn't get rid of those.
        
         | flexie wrote:
         | I work as a lawyer. When I do brain work such as research,
         | contracts or court meetings, I believe 3-4 hours a day is the
         | max I do continuously. If I have more phone calls, client
         | meetings etc., it's easier to do the 8 hours.
        
         | ryanSrich wrote:
         | We did this at my new company. One 30 minute scheduled standup.
         | That's the only meeting we have all week. Of course people are
         | free to jump on a video call to work through stuff, but
         | scheduled meetings are generally discouraged, and to date we
         | only have the one.
         | 
         | Since everyone is contract, we're seeing an average of about 26
         | hours per week. It's by far the most productive team I've ever
         | been on or have built. We ship new features weekly. It's truly
         | an incredible pace, but doesn't feel hectic like you might
         | think.
         | 
         | I think the contract only + no meetings + no HR (no culture
         | bullshit, no "get to know people" social events, no bullshit)
         | company setup is going to be the future. If you give people the
         | opportunity to work on things they like working on, and don't
         | make work about anything other than work, you get amazing
         | results.
        
           | chadcmulligan wrote:
           | So not an hourly contract? but a per deliverable contract?
           | How do you figure out what's a deliverable in the time - if
           | thats what you're doing.
        
           | aiisjustanif wrote:
           | > I think the contract only + no meetings + no HR (no culture
           | bullshit, no "get to know people" social events, no bullshit)
           | company setup is going to be the future.
           | 
           | But in the US you see the opposite happening at a lot of
           | large companies. I think what you described would be the
           | future of a company with a homogeneous type of worker.
           | However, we are humans we are not machines ignoring that we
           | are humans can be detrimental. Not to mention worker equality
           | is becoming important to be a stable work environment. It's
           | important to forget you have other roles and industries that
           | simply cannot function the way you described (doctors,
           | nurses, flight attendants, pilots, plumbers, etc.)
           | 
           | Also, I want I'm not saying the current technology corporate
           | environment doesn't need optimizing. It certainly does but it
           | seems that we are moving towards that and trying to focus on
           | what matter in HR as well.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jxidjhdhdhdhfhf wrote:
           | This sounds great. I don't want to have to pretend to care
           | about my company or it's "culture". I just want to do some
           | work and get paid for it.
        
             | ryanSrich wrote:
             | Well the point isn't to not care. We want devs that care
             | about the quality of their code and genuinely want to focus
             | on _just_ that. I get some people want more out of a job,
             | and that's totally fine. But I think there's a good portion
             | of people that just want to do work and spend the rest of
             | their time with their family, or hobbies or whatever.
        
           | TheGigaChad wrote:
           | Not everyone is an autist.
        
           | throwaway1777 wrote:
           | Why is contract important to this?
        
             | danielheath wrote:
             | I think it's a confusing way to say "hourly and work as
             | many or few hours as they feel like".
        
             | ryanSrich wrote:
             | At this point is mostly a filtering mechanism for me. The
             | types of people that want contract are typically more used
             | to (and want) an environment without the HR bullshit.
             | 
             | Some, not all, but certainly some people use work as their
             | only form of social life and interaction. Which leads to a
             | lot of time not working. I'm not saying this is inherently
             | bad. It's just not the type of company we're building.
             | Filtering for contract work has taken care of this so far.
             | Will continue to evaluate as we scale up.
        
             | achow wrote:
             | Contract means no perf eval, no 'culture' events
             | participation, no leadership trainings etc., what OP
             | classified as HR bullshit (true).
        
           | mjcohen wrote:
           | How about benefits such as health insurance, vacation days,
           | sick days?
        
             | ryanSrich wrote:
             | We offer equity comp, health stipend, and equipment stipend
             | for anyone contracted on a 20 hour per week minimum.
             | 
             | Sick/vacation days are harder because we pay for whatever I
             | get an invoice for. Since we don't track what people do on
             | a day by day basis (I often don't even know if someone is
             | working that day until I reach out to them or slack, or
             | vice versa), there's nothing stopping them for billing me
             | for extra hours. And to be honest I really wouldn't care. I
             | just care about output and quality of that output.
        
               | yupper32 wrote:
               | > I often don't even know if someone is working that day
               | until I reach out to them or slack
               | 
               | If you don't know if they're working, don't fucking slack
               | them. How about you check their calendar or send an
               | email.
               | 
               | Slack is not for asynchronous communication.
               | 
               | It's amazing how high and mighty people can be and then
               | they ping people for non-emergencies while they're on
               | vacation.
        
               | jlokier wrote:
               | > Slack is not for asynchronous communication.
               | 
               | Depends on the organisation.
               | 
               | Where I'm currently working, we use Discord. Discord is
               | similar to Slack.
               | 
               | It is _explicitly_ for asynchronous communication. We are
               | supposed to not expect immediate replies to questions and
               | comments on Discord, especially as other teammates are in
               | different timezones. Sometimes there 's real time chat,
               | but it depends who is on at the time.
               | 
               | I posted some comments yesterday. There was one reply
               | within a few hours, and two more this morning.
               | 
               | Email is pretty much deprecated. Nobody uses it, except
               | to set up calendar entries for meetings, and formal
               | things like HR and invoices.
        
               | toomanybeersies wrote:
               | Why don't you just not check your Slack messages when
               | you're on holiday?
        
             | dopidopHN wrote:
             | I miss vacation so much.
             | 
             | I just fly home from the US. And ... I still have to work
             | instead of just spending time with my parents that I
             | haven't seen in years.
             | 
             | I earn more than 200k. ( not west coast ) it's a decent
             | salary right? Why can't I have vacation, too? I asked and
             | putted and asked again...
             | 
             | All that will accomplish one thing: one day in the next 2
             | years I will wake up, look at my bank account. And quit. To
             | have actual free time.
             | 
             | I told that to my boss in those term, we have a decent
             | relationship. But ... he gave me some HR bullshit.
        
               | bathtub365 wrote:
               | If your job is getting in the way of your life goals, why
               | don't you find one that doesn't?
        
               | dopidopHN wrote:
               | Oh. Thanks, never thought about it that way. Sarcasm
               | aside yes: I'm not gonna keep working in the US for that
               | specific reason.
        
               | aix1 wrote:
               | I could be wrong, but it seems that there's no great
               | shortage of companies offering 4+ weeks of PTO per year
               | in the US. Or are you expecting more vacation than that?
               | (Or are perhaps otherwise constrained as to the choice of
               | employers?)
        
               | jxidjhdhdhdhfhf wrote:
               | I've got 4 weeks paid vacation. It really doesn't feel
               | like much. That's only 1/13th of your weeks being work-
               | free per year. I personally would like more. I think
               | something like a 20-25 hour workweek plus 8-12 weeks of
               | vacation would be good enough that I would stay in the
               | workforce long term. As it stands today, it seems more
               | feasible to continue working full time, hit FI in a few
               | years and retire early rather than find such a good work-
               | life balance.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | How much were you willing to sacrifice in salary in
               | exchange for additional vacation? Was it a net-positive
               | deal for your counter party (employer)? I ask because I
               | hear this kind of thing all the time who want to make the
               | same money, for less time at work.
        
               | speedgoose wrote:
               | Most people need spare time to be happy, productive, not
               | burn out. And as a company or society, you don't want to
               | encourage people to work too hard for money because most
               | people are stupid and will actually work too hard for
               | money, and not be happy, become less productive, and
               | burnout.
               | 
               | That's how it works in Europe. It's common that a boss
               | will ask an employee to work less, because the amount of
               | time they work is not even legal sometimes, or to force
               | people to go on vacation for weeks to use their vacation
               | days. It's also more fair and don't put pressure for
               | other employees that value their life outside work.
        
               | toomanybeersies wrote:
               | Forcing employees to take a holiday is often done purely
               | out of the company's self-interest, as accrued leave is a
               | liability on the books.
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | Also, at least in finance, they force you to take a
               | couple weeks off once in awhile to make sure you're not
               | up to anything illegal.
        
               | dopidopHN wrote:
               | Of course I would be willing to reduce my yearly salary
               | for 2 or 3 weeks of extra time. Should not be that hard.
               | 
               | It's worth more than the proportional time I would take
               | off. It's very valuable to me. Like 5k / week would be a
               | good price tag. I have no debt and more stuff than I
               | need. Now let's me enjoy life while I still can ( and
               | keep working on that job that I actually enjoy )
               | 
               | I'm not sure to understand about the net positive. The
               | response I got was that taking time off without pay would
               | 1) set a bad << example >> or something of that sort and
               | 2) make it hard to plan for resource availability.
               | 
               | Does that answer your question?
        
               | jstummbillig wrote:
               | The crux here is, of course, that one week of your time
               | is a _lot_ more valuable than 5k to your employer if they
               | pay you 3.7k per week, and probably a lot more than you
               | would be willing to part with or find reasonable (think
               | 20k+ a week)
               | 
               | It's a pretty infuriating setup. From the employers
               | perspective, the amount of money you lose by having
               | someone not work is so obscene, so quickly, that you have
               | to fight your monkey brain pretty hard to not be a total
               | asshole about it.
               | 
               | Even in this well paying industry, you could give
               | everyone obscene raises, before time off makes any
               | financial sense for the average employer. I don't think
               | enough employees realise this.
        
               | dopidopHN wrote:
               | I would love to understand that better to negotiate my
               | next job better on that specific issue.
               | 
               | There is something that make me think something is fishy
               | in that approach : why are more and more places switch to
               | unlimited PTO if it's that costly to give folks time off?
               | 
               | I had unlimited PTO a couple of times, it can sucks (
               | pressure NOT to take any PTO for the company sake ) Or he
               | just fine.
        
               | jstummbillig wrote:
               | > There is something that make me think something is
               | fishy in that approach : why are more and more places
               | switch to unlimited PTO if it's that costly to give folks
               | time off
               | 
               | "Why do people get more time off now than ever before in
               | human history (which they do)?"
               | 
               | There are now more forces than ever, that work against
               | unlimited exploitation of human labor. For example, human
               | beings in most countries have enforceable rights and they
               | _want_ time off, and the market that has to compete for
               | those people. Humans are shitty machines. If you piss
               | them off, they do shitty work. If you treat them poorly
               | they leave. (In reality,  "treating them poorly"
               | translates to "treating them slightly less good then
               | someone else") Since having someone quit working for you
               | is pretty fucking expensive (assuming, of course, that
               | they are actually being productive), you better make sure
               | they do want to continue working for you and so you make
               | it worth their while.
               | 
               | Another important example would be worker protection
               | laws, that simply dictate certain amenities.
               | 
               | "Why is everyone doing unlimited PTO, specifically?"
               | 
               | Less clear on that one. Part of it is certainly it being
               | a trend. If other people do it and employees want it,
               | then you might have to go along, again, to not get pushed
               | out of the market.
               | 
               | But since it clearly does not ever _actually_ mean
               | "unlimited PTO" (you'd be out of a job pretty quickly if
               | you tried), an interesting followup question might be
               | what the fuck it _actually_ means and who benefits? Maybe
               | employees are a little confused about how much time off
               | to take and take less than before? Or maybe they feel
               | pressured to underbid each other? Maybe it 's also just
               | that the flexibility it adds to the job leads to more
               | loyal employers, which is pretty nifty in a market
               | starved for workers.
        
               | egman_ekki wrote:
               | Even if their time was 5 times as valuable to the company
               | as their pay, it seems very unfair to pay someone 3.7k
               | per week, but require 20k from them if they want to take
               | a week off? That basically means that if you took 3
               | months sabbatical, and worked the rest of the year, you
               | would actually pay your employer 100k for working those 9
               | months...
        
               | jstummbillig wrote:
               | A system, where other people make more off your work than
               | you do has pretty intrinsic problems.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | Customers and clients of all sorts obtain consumer
               | surpluses; if they were indifferent, they would not make
               | purchases... Employers are just a different sort of
               | customer.
        
               | andyferris wrote:
               | Honest question: why does it "cost" the employer so much
               | to have you on leave?
               | 
               | I heard this argument in North America but not here in
               | Australia. I mean, small businesses might require
               | critical people at critical times, but generally in
               | larger orgs this shouldn't be too hard.
        
               | jstummbillig wrote:
               | Say your employer makes 20k a week of the produce of your
               | work. This means you having a single, unpaid week off
               | will directly cost your employer 20k. Even if you would
               | willingly take a (from your perspective) pretty hefty pay
               | cut of 4k for that week off, the employer would still be
               | down 16k compared to before.
               | 
               | This is the weird and intuitively wrong stuff that
               | happens, when employers make more through their employees
               | work than their employees do, even after factoring in
               | their salary.
        
               | toomanybeersies wrote:
               | Is your employer going to write down a loss of $20k on
               | the books when you take a week off work? Probably not,
               | because opportunity cost isn't actually an expense.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | By 'net positive' I mean willing to take a cut larger
               | than is directly proportional to the reduction in hours
               | worked. The reality is that reducing each person's annual
               | work will increase costs for the company overall, as it
               | needs to pay additional overhead and benefits, which are
               | related to employee count, rather than hours worked.
               | 
               | I think that everyone is a bit wary of setting difficult
               | precedents in employment situations, as well as the
               | possibility of creating rifts between people with
               | different 'deals'. That said, I think we should all place
               | a higher priority on coming up with mutually beneficial
               | arrangements.
        
               | dopidopHN wrote:
               | I see : yes, I'm compensated roughly $3000 / week. I
               | don't know how much I do cost per week but probably
               | around $4000 ? Idk.
               | 
               | As I stated it's easily worth 5k for me. ( 7 days, 5 days
               | would be $3500 )
               | 
               | That negociation did not go well. I got 2 extra day off
               | and was told to stop making noise.
               | 
               | Oh. well.
        
               | jobigoud wrote:
               | Except that it increases employees morale and motivation
               | and thus productivity, and reduces chances of burnout.
               | There are benefits for the company too.
        
               | dopidopHN wrote:
               | Exactly. I stay longer in a previous company with
               | unlimited PTO ( real one ) for that reason.
               | 
               | It's crazy how they don't realize it's just alienate
               | workers.
        
               | prawn wrote:
               | This blows my mind. Throwing your prime (or prime-st
               | remaining years) at an office. Can you put your foot down
               | and take unpaid leave whether they like it or not? Come
               | up with an excuse if you have to. They will always try to
               | push you to follow their line but will you regret that
               | later in life?
        
               | nkssy wrote:
               | Yeah if a boss said I couldn't have 4 weeks off per year
               | I'd probably tell them they're functionally incompetant.
               | 
               | Its always interesting to see how other people live.
        
               | dopidopHN wrote:
               | Good for you! I will cash a few years more of that sweat
               | US money and go back retire at home. Where every gas
               | station attendant has 5 weeks of PTO.
        
               | ddnb wrote:
               | Don't forget to live your life now as well. All fine and
               | dandy to save for 'later', but if you keep going until
               | you burn out you won't be enjoying your later that much.
               | That or if you get run over by a bus tomorrow it was all
               | for nothing.
        
               | nkssy wrote:
               | You be you. May you have interesting times in early
               | retirement.
        
               | comrad wrote:
               | I've rejected some jobs that offered less than 30 days
               | (in a 5 day workweek) vacation per year.
        
           | postmeta wrote:
           | do employees get equity?
        
           | felipellrocha wrote:
           | > If you give people the opportunity to work on things they
           | like working on, and don't make work about anything other
           | than work, you get amazing results.
           | 
           | That line started off well, but ended off terrible. I really
           | don't want to be working in a place where I'm treated like a
           | replaceable machine. You do you, man.
        
             | ryanSrich wrote:
             | > I really don't want to be working in a place where I'm
             | treated like a replaceable machine.
             | 
             | This seems like a leap. Where did I insinuate that anyone
             | is a cog in a machine? Just because I said work should be
             | about work? Why does it have to be about anything else? If
             | you need your job to provide a social aspect to your life
             | that's completely fine. It's just not a part of the
             | business I'm building. It's why I think having options is
             | great. Everyone works differently.
        
               | dlkmp wrote:
               | You're getting a lot of negative feedback so I just want
               | to say I can relate a lot to the model you're proposing
               | (and practicing).
               | 
               | I interview fairly often with potential employers,
               | sometimes just for the experience and insights. Never
               | once did I consider taking a job for other reasons than
               | the type of work and its pay (commuting time and factors
               | not directly in control of the company aside).
               | 
               | I'm not even the type of person who hates team events and
               | the like, at least at the companies I have been working
               | at these usually were a lot of fun. It's just nothing
               | that keeps me from moving on from or motivates me to take
               | some job.
        
           | yakireev wrote:
           | > I think the contract only + no meetings + no HR (no culture
           | bullshit, no "get to know people" social events)
           | 
           | So, gig economy. Or, at best, hourly wage at Amazon
           | warehouse, but for developers. I heard those warehouses are
           | super extra no-bullshit efficient.
        
             | xf1cf wrote:
             | You missed the OPs point in all your heavily laden snark.
             | 
             | There are (sad, imo) people whose entire lives revolve
             | around work. Their friends are there, and they enjoy social
             | outings with their work colleagues.
             | 
             | To me, social outings are just an unnecessary risk. I do
             | not talk to my coworkers like I talk to my friends, I do
             | not want my coworkers knowing too much about my personal
             | life, and especially when booze is involved it's too easy
             | to find yourself on the receiving end of something awkward,
             | or witness to something awkward.
             | 
             | Meetings are simple: if it's important enough to take an
             | hour of my day it's important enough to count as seat time.
             | When my productivity drops and my manager asks why I tell
             | them that meetings are taking up too much time. It's their
             | job to make sure I have what I need to do my best work. If
             | they tell me to work later I start looking for other jobs.
             | It's so easy to get a senior developer job now, and there's
             | really no long term benefit staying anywhere, that I'm not
             | exactly sorry for leaving in this case.
             | 
             | I have literally zero interest in "culture". I wouldn't
             | even work for a company if I didnt need the money to live.
             | I don't understand how you've derived the dichotomy that
             | you can either have mindless time sink "culture" bullshit
             | OR an amazon warehouse slaveshop.
             | 
             | Call me a pessimist. I think people obsessed with "work
             | culture" are sad. You shouldn't hate the 8 hours of work
             | you do, but you also shouldn't center your entire life on
             | it. Afterall, it could be taken away from you with a
             | penstroke the next time the CEO needs to make room in the
             | budget for their salary.
        
             | vincnetas wrote:
             | If you would treat devs like warehouse workers right
             | now,all devs would run away. I mean force them to be 100%
             | effective all the 8 hours and track every move they make.
             | On the other hand allow warehouse workers flexible schedule
             | and decent pay so they could live decent life by puting in
             | 20 hours a week (even while measuring every move they make)
             | and i bet there would be devs who would convert to
             | warehouse workers.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | _If you would treat devs like warehouse workers right
               | now,all devs would run away. I mean force them to be 100%
               | effective all the 8 hours and track every move they
               | make._
               | 
               | CleverControl employee monitoring pitch: "This software
               | offers powerful features: keylogging, screen recording,
               | live viewing, remote settings, clipboard control, Skype
               | monitoring, and more. The software records time that was
               | spent on this or that activity and shows you stats in
               | graphs. Besides, the app captures screenshots at all
               | important events like right-clicking and window change,
               | and it can record activity near the device with the help
               | of a webcam and microphone. Moreover, CleverControl
               | records employees' active and inactive time, letting you
               | detect lazybones and reward hard work."
        
               | nsonha wrote:
               | can they already do this with all the data they have in
               | github? Not that I would endorse it, but that sounds like
               | better data for tracking. Instead of enforcing time you
               | enforce activities.
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | No this is massively more invasive than checking your
               | commit history. Github doesn't know moment to moment what
               | you're doing while these invasive tracking programs do.
        
               | nsonha wrote:
               | my point is that they can already do this with commit
               | history (and more), while this is an inferior way of
               | tracking, regardless of privacy concerns.
        
               | gombosg wrote:
               | I heard about these tracking software and I sincerely
               | hope they won't get any more prevalent. As I see they are
               | somewhat present in the contracting world.
               | 
               | I treat it as a total, humiliating devaluation of
               | creative engineering work (and thus their identity!) to
               | that of unskilled factory workers.
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | Eventually, maybe developers will realize that they have
               | a lot more in common with those "unskilled" workers they
               | disdain than they do with their capitalist owners.
               | 
               | Unions would be helpful for both, in my view.
        
               | ikrenji wrote:
               | anyone employed anywhere should be unionized, thats just
               | common sense
        
               | vincnetas wrote:
               | This would trigger Italian strike in me (as a dev)
               | immediately :)
               | 
               | "Another unconventional tactic is work-to-rule (also
               | known as an Italian strike, in Italian: Sciopero bianco),
               | in which workers perform their tasks exactly as they are
               | required to but no better."
        
               | rvba wrote:
               | Put so much demands that they work for 12 hours per day 6
               | days per week, while nominal time is 8 hours and 4 days -
               | rest is unpaid overtime.
               | 
               | This is how it works already in many companies, also
               | infamous 996
        
             | ryanSrich wrote:
             | It's certainly not perfect, but I genuinely think it's much
             | better than being an FTE anywhere else. Of course I'm
             | biased.
             | 
             | I mentioned benefits in another post, so I wouldn't say
             | it's gig economy.
             | 
             | What other environment could give a developer $100+/hr,
             | ability to make their own schedule, and essentially all
             | legal protections to work on side projects, work for other
             | companies, etc. at the same time?
             | 
             | Is it for everyone? No. But we've had more quality devs
             | interested than we can employ at this point, so I'd say
             | it's attractive to a good portion of the market.
        
               | yakireev wrote:
               | I did not imply that _your_ company is an Amazon
               | warehouse, I 'm sorry if it sounded like that.
               | 
               | But if this "hourly wage for hourly work and nothing
               | else" becomes a norm, that's what we'll eventually get,
               | I'm afraid.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | emteycz wrote:
               | It's what we want. I wouldn't work any other way ever
               | again. I don't think FTE jobs are going anywhere
               | (companies always push to have us as FTE, not the other
               | way around), let us be.
        
               | jasonzemos wrote:
               | You've forgotten the core tenet of every engineering
               | discipline is the master-apprentice relationship. The
               | reason why what you describe is really the gig economy is
               | because you've turned contractors into autodidacts to cut
               | costs. You're not only expecting engineers to work for
               | you, you're expecting them to learn their craft without
               | capitalizing that yourself. Someone has to pay for that
               | too; it probably won't be your other contractors --
               | otherwise you'd be something like a real company again.
               | 
               | Your success in this direction to turn software
               | development into some kind of cattle feedlot is only a
               | mirage. Let me make it clear in economic terms: you're up
               | a few chips at the casino, for now, because the market
               | allows you to be. In the long run it's not sustainable,
               | and won't yield any major feats of engineering with any
               | level of competence.
        
               | ryanSrich wrote:
               | I really don't understand this comment.
               | 
               | At what point did I say or lead anyone to believe that we
               | 1.) expect developers to be autodidacts? Because we don't
               | have meetings? Seems an odd way to measure engineering
               | culture and 2.) this had anything to do with cutting
               | cost? Our hourly wages are high enough to where the cost
               | savings is negligible compared to fully loaded salaries.
               | I'd be happy to share the numbers over email.
               | 
               | Your idea of the master-apprentice relationship seems
               | overtly romantic. I never said we don't train staff, or
               | haven't brought on younger engineers. I literally
               | onboarded an intern last week. They'll likely make more
               | working less than any intern at any FAANG is making this
               | summer.
               | 
               | > Your success in this direction to turn software
               | development into some kind of cattle feedlot is only a
               | mirage.
               | 
               | I have to straight up disagree on the premise that it's a
               | mirage. Nevertheless, this is certainly an experiment,
               | and one where we'll adapt as needed.
               | 
               | I feel as if you're focusing too much on the contractor
               | concept. Would you be as opposed to this model if say I
               | hired FTEs at 20 hours per week? So essentially half
               | salary. How is this any different (note my previous
               | comments about benefits).
        
               | op00to wrote:
               | You pay for employee training. You don't pay for
               | contractor training.
        
               | jxidjhdhdhdhfhf wrote:
               | What training? I had to pay for my own college degree, my
               | employer didn't pay for that, but they do require it.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | College is not job training. I'm not sure why this
               | misconception is so widespread. I have a degree but my
               | employers do pay for relevant training for my job. It's
               | not like the industry stopped evolving 10 years ago.
        
               | jxidjhdhdhdhfhf wrote:
               | College is not job training and yet it's training that
               | most jobs require. Hmmmmm....sounds like BS.
        
         | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
         | It is an open secret that people who are productive only 2/3 of
         | the time in 40 hours/week would be productive only 2/3 of the
         | time in 32 hours/week as well.
        
           | Arcanum-XIII wrote:
           | That's patently untrue: most of my colleague working 3 or 4
           | days a week are more focused their days in.
           | 
           | The invert is true though: a task will evolve to take the
           | time alloted to it, I see that regularly with "unconstrained"
           | project running amok. Those with fixed time are way more
           | efficient and finish with a minimum of overtime.
        
             | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
             | Every lazy slacker tells this same old story. I believe
             | that most IT professionals don't even know what it means to
             | work really hard. _Oh, I worked producing lines of code 4
             | hours today, of which 25 minutes were spent compiling. I am
             | sooo tired, my job is so difficult, it is the hardest job
             | in the world, I need a rest and a 2 days work week!_.
        
           | rainonmoon wrote:
           | I hear what you're saying, but anecdotally I just cut my days
           | back and find myself a lot more energised and engaged when
           | actually at work. I haven't really compared my degree of
           | output yet, but I can at least say I'm a lot more emotionally
           | invested in the results of my work and my job satisfaction is
           | higher. One's mileage may vary.
        
         | toomanybeersies wrote:
         | > hour long lunches
         | 
         | Are one hour lunches not the norm? I've always worked
         | 0900-1730, with an hour long lunch.
        
         | formatjam wrote:
         | meanwhile, China is doing 996 - 9am to 9pm, 6 days a week.
         | 
         | Obviously people hated it. But it is happening and no wonder
         | China tech is catching up fast / winning in some areas already.
        
           | Kalleklovn wrote:
           | It is normal for Chinese to sleep/take a nap by the desk
           | during the day.. Pretty sure they are catching up because of
           | other reasons than being most of their waking hours at work..
        
           | CountDrewku wrote:
           | Winning what? A totalitarian government where the people are
           | all treated like shit? They may be winning the GDP game but
           | that's not translating to any improvements for their citizens
           | or the world.
           | 
           | The only people winning in China are the people at the top of
           | the communist party.
        
           | kwere wrote:
           | or maybe they are faking their gdp numbers with reckless real
           | estate ponzi schemes
        
           | refactor_master wrote:
           | From my experience with Chinese working culture, half of that
           | time is most definitely spent not working.
           | 
           | I'd bet the factors are much more political in nature than
           | productivity on the individual level.
        
         | reidjs wrote:
         | I think it makes sense to have people available for regular
         | hours, just so that if I ask someone a question I can expect a
         | response today-ish. But, I agree that a lot of meetings should
         | be emails, teambuilding events are usually poorly done, and
         | procrastination is hard to avoid when you've got access to the
         | internet.
         | 
         | Minor nitpick: Is an hour long lunch really that bad?
        
           | agency wrote:
           | I think the point is not that there's something wrong with
           | hour long lunches, but that people have to find ways to fill
           | up their day if they're expected to be "at work" for 8 hours
           | a day and can only be productive for a fraction of that.
           | 
           | As a "productive" software engineer, in the sense that I have
           | gotten positive feedback in my career and never had a problem
           | "getting enough done" to satisfy my superiors, it took me a
           | long time to come to terms with the fact that I cannot
           | productively apply myself to work for 40 hours a week. When I
           | have to be in the office for that long, I end up slacking off
           | for hours and hours (like reading HN). I thought for a long
           | time that maybe I was just flying under the radar and I would
           | eventually "get caught" but at this point I've made peace
           | with the fact that my productivity comes in bursts and as
           | long as my employer is happy with my output I don't sweat it
           | too much.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | I learn lots of valuable stuff from hn. Its onepadt
             | slacking, one part continuous learning
        
             | a_t48 wrote:
             | I'm the same way. I'm very efficient - when I get in an
             | actual full day of coding it's amazingly productive, but my
             | usual output is still enough to satisfy my manager.
        
           | Akronymus wrote:
           | Over here lunch time is not part of worktime. Per law we need
           | to have at least half an hour for lunch, but we can take
           | however long (if the company allows). Dunno how it is in
           | other countries. (I am from austria, europe)
        
           | hn8788 wrote:
           | Yeah, and hour long lunch is pretty long. Most people I know
           | take less time than that to eat at a restaurant, let alone
           | just grabbing your sandwich from the fridge.
        
             | failwhaleshark wrote:
             | Have you ever been to Central/South America or Europe? ;-)
        
             | jobigoud wrote:
             | > grabbing your sandwich from the fridge
             | 
             | Get out of the building, take the bicycle to a park to eat,
             | take a small nap and read a book, come back to the office
             | fresh and mind reset.
             | 
             | This was my routine before I switched to WFH. Official
             | hours where 9h to 12h, then 14h to 18h. 35h workweek, 2h
             | lunch break, (France).
        
               | aix1 wrote:
               | 35h workweek is absolutely great, but I personally
               | wouldn't fancy a two-hour lunch break. Would _much_
               | rather take a shorter lunch and get out of the office
               | earlier.
               | 
               | (Just highlighting that different people have different
               | preferences. :))
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | When I started, my team took two hour lunches
        
             | toomanybeersies wrote:
             | Lunch isn't just about refuelling, I can eat at my desk and
             | keep working if that was the case. It's about taking a
             | break.
             | 
             | Also, for some of us it's normal to go to a restaurant or
             | to the pub for lunch. It's been years since I've eaten a
             | packed lunch.
        
             | 73gfg wrote:
             | Most developed countries have enforced hour long lunch
             | breaks. Grabbing your sandwich from the fridge and eating
             | at your desk is shunned.
        
               | aix1 wrote:
               | I can't speak for other developed countries but here in
               | the UK it is very much company- and industry-dependent.
               | At my first 4-5 jobs (mostly in the finance sector),
               | everyone ate at their desks. At my current employer
               | (FAANG), no one does.
        
         | isatty wrote:
         | What's wrong with an hour long lunch? Isn't that normal?
        
           | zitterbewegung wrote:
           | Yea, I haven't heard of a job that wouldn't have an hour long
           | lunch. It's a part of labor laws at least in Illinois.
        
             | posguy wrote:
             | This appears to be incorrect. Illinois only requires a 20+
             | minute lunch at or before 5 hours into a shift of 7 and 1/2
             | hours or more:
             | https://www2.illinois.gov/idol/FAQs/Pages/meals-breaks-
             | faq.a...
        
           | RikNieu wrote:
           | No, you're expected to eat at your desk and type while
           | chewing.
        
             | Svperstar wrote:
             | No lie my first job out of college expected you to eat at
             | your desk and not leave for your lunch break.
        
               | mstuyt wrote:
               | An insurance company I did some work for had a bell go
               | off for your two coffee breaks and lunchtime. You spent
               | half of your lunchtime waiting for elevators.
        
               | failwhaleshark wrote:
               | Whaaaat? What year, country, and/or location was this?
               | Call center?
        
               | aix1 wrote:
               | I saw something similar in Tokyo. It was at a telco
               | office. A bell would ring (at 1pm IIRC) and an entire
               | skyscraper's worth of office workers would get up and try
               | to get to street level. Every day.
               | 
               | I was visiting a Western company that was renting a small
               | space in the same building. Their routine was to never
               | get caught up in the great migration (in either
               | direction).
        
               | stopnamingnuts wrote:
               | That was the routine at Safeco in Seattle well into the
               | 90s. My wife temped there over summers during grad
               | school. Although she says they played Muzak instead of
               | bells. So, in fact, it was much worse.
        
               | failwhaleshark wrote:
               | D: What slave-drivers.
        
             | failwhaleshark wrote:
             | Once upon a time, I worked at a nuclear engineering
             | consultancy. One engineer ate a hamburger and french fries
             | over his keyboard, using it as a placemat, and never
             | cleaned it up. In order to fix his computer, I first used a
             | bottle of alcohol to clean the brown and black muck and
             | hunks from the keycaps. It honestly smelled like a
             | dumpster.
        
               | vxNsr wrote:
               | I would just toss that
        
               | failwhaleshark wrote:
               | It was his favorite keyboard. He would've cried, TBH.
               | 
               | Consider it was a place where one guy hoarded 15 years of
               | WSJ in his office.
               | 
               | When staff are excellent professionals in the field, they
               | get to do all sort of weird things.
        
               | vxNsr wrote:
               | In that case whenever I need to do anything on his
               | machine I would just bring my own keyboard. Regardless
               | that's gross and unsanitary, probably attracted all sorts
               | of pests.
        
               | square_usual wrote:
               | Weekly Shounen Jump or Wall Street Journal?
        
               | syockit wrote:
               | This question comes to my mind as well everytime I see
               | that abbreviation.
        
           | SilverRed wrote:
           | From what I have seen 30 mins is standard but some companies
           | have an hour lunch and ask you to start 30 minutes sooner.
        
           | lehi wrote:
           | If I ate lunch I was expected to stay from 9 to 6.
        
             | kevstev wrote:
             | I have never ever worked a job where 9-6 was not the
             | standard, and I don't really know anyone who took an entire
             | hour for lunch either, at least not as a regular thing.
             | This is in NYC. Do 9-5 jobs really exist these days?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | irrational wrote:
             | Get a new job? Do they actually pay attention to when you
             | show up and leave, or do they treat you like an adult?
        
           | xf1cf wrote:
           | At least in the states most places require you to "make up"
           | your lunch. So normally you'd show up at 8 and work until 5
           | to make up for an hour lunch. This is true for both hourly
           | and salary.
        
             | _delirium wrote:
             | True in a lot of places, e.g. even in pretty labor-friendly
             | Denmark, most union agreements in the private sector call
             | for a 37-hour work week, but with lunch not counted as
             | working time. So workers typically take short 30-minute
             | lunches to avoid extending the day more. The public-sector
             | unions have managed to get 37 hours _with_ a 30-minute
             | lunch counted though.
        
             | viceroyalbean wrote:
             | I think the question is whether that "make up" time is
             | always 1 hour or can be adjusted. At my previous job I
             | would regularly take 15 minute lunch breaks and leave 45
             | minutes early (compared to a 1 hour lunch).
             | 
             | Where I work now local laws require taking at least 1 hours
             | of breaktime per day so I can technically not do that.
        
               | xf1cf wrote:
               | I think this is based on local laws, yeah. Where I am at
               | you're required to take a 30 minute break for 6 hours of
               | work. The stipulation is that 30 minutes must be a
               | continuous 30 minutes.
               | 
               | I'm not aware of any law anywhere that says you can't
               | just make your last 30 minutes of the day "lunch" but
               | every company I've ever worked at has frowned upon or
               | discouraged this. Usually by "forced clockouts"
               | ostensibly for legal protection. My salary career has
               | been more lenient but when I was an hourly employee if we
               | ran over the 6 hours we'd get yelled at by HR and/or
               | force clocked out (and told to go to lunch). Labor laws
               | in the states are quite precarious for employers so it's
               | semi-understandable why they do this.
        
             | irrational wrote:
             | That's insane. I'm in the states, but my company treats us
             | like adults. I roll in when I want, work out in the gym for
             | 2 hours during the day, leave whenever I want. I can't
             | imagine working for a place that tracked my hours.
        
               | ghshephard wrote:
               | You've never worked at a job where you had to submit time
               | sheets at the end of each week? Lots of "professional"
               | gigs where people have to do that in order to accurately
               | track time to customers - particularly when they are
               | billing you out at $500/hour on the contract.
        
               | irrational wrote:
               | Nope. Never. I guess I've been lucky, but now that I know
               | how pleasant work can be, I don't think I'd ever stay
               | with a job that was that way.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Most software employers I've worked for had us fill out
               | time sheets, and they didn't do hourly consulting so no
               | need to calculate hours for clients. I only recently
               | found an employer who does not require a time sheet. I
               | thought this was pretty standard, at least in the USA.
               | There will definitely be someone who replies to this
               | comment and says "I've been working 20 years and never
               | had to fill out a time sheet." So it's probably not
               | universal.
        
               | MereInterest wrote:
               | "Billable hours" != "Working hours". A lawyer may work 70
               | hours/week to produce 40 billable hours/week. That
               | doesn't mean that they aren't working for 70 hours per
               | week. It just means that the "8 for what we will" and "8
               | for sleep" have been shaved thin and added to the "8 for
               | work" by shady accounting of time.
        
               | Sanguinaire wrote:
               | Yup - I stumbled into consulting in my first job and
               | carried on doing it in my second, timesheets are the main
               | source of misery/annoyance for me. Non-consultant, non-
               | sales roles are hard to find for people who are
               | technically focused but not actual software developers.
        
               | bjustin wrote:
               | Lucky for me, I've had the same experience at multiple
               | jobs. I've kept these kinds of "lax" habits at places
               | where other people spend 9+ hours at their desks every
               | day. I always thought it was a waste for other people to
               | work long hours when it wasn't even a company policy and
               | I never got flak for my hours. Maybe more people at
               | bigcorps can do this if they explain it and show they can
               | still be productive.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | It is normal, but if you think about it, it doesn't really
           | take an hour to eat lunch - and sometimes it would be
           | preferable to eat in 5 minutes and leave at 4:05 instead of
           | taking an hour to sit around the office. Every reasonable
           | employer would permit this but I have learned from reading HN
           | comments that not every employer is reasonable.
        
             | millirem wrote:
             | Break times also tend to be regulated in most countries I
             | believe. I.e. here in Japan 60 minutes break time is
             | required if you work for more than I think about 6ish
             | hours.
        
               | tmmx wrote:
               | When I used to work in Japan I hated that rule. One day I
               | feeling not so great, so I took the morning off. But we
               | had an important release, so I still went to the office
               | in the afternoon. The release ran into few issues, so I
               | had to stay past the regular finish time of 6pm. I
               | started to feel no so great again, so I wanted to finish
               | the release and head home as soon as possible. But at
               | 7pm, my boss came running towards me and forced me to
               | take one hour break. I tried to explained to them
               | (unsuccessfully) I only have about 5-10mins to finish the
               | release. So I spent another one hour with watering eyes,
               | massive headache, and chills, just to finish 5mins of
               | work.
        
               | kyleee wrote:
               | I mean, it's a sensible regulation but there should be
               | some leeway for edge case situations like yours (if there
               | aren't already - since you were actually sick that should
               | make it OK for you to leave ASAP one would hope)
        
             | vadym909 wrote:
             | it easily does- 20-30 min to walk/bike/drive back and forth
             | to cafe / restaurant- 5-10 min to order/get food, 15-20 min
             | to eat.
        
           | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
           | In my state 30 minutes has been the standard for a long time.
           | Usually in the service industry they don't even give you a
           | lunch break.
        
           | failwhaleshark wrote:
           | If and when companies stop treating employees like children
           | and more like adults who can decide for themselves when to
           | take breaks, work, and take vacations, they might just watch
           | productivity and morale soar. Netflix generally has the right
           | idea on this.
        
             | aix1 wrote:
             | Can also highly recommend Google (from first-hand
             | experience). While there are pockets where this isn't 100%
             | true, internal mobility is first-class so it's easy to
             | improve things if you don't land well.
        
             | toomanybeersies wrote:
             | These kinds of rules are usually put in place because
             | without them, companies treat their employees like slaves.
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | Indeed, there's a sort of Moneyball aspect here. Companies that
         | can accurately pay out only for productive time instead of
         | assuming all 40 hours of a work week are spent producing will
         | make huge savings in payroll, increasing cost efficiency and
         | making it feasible to hire larger cross functional teams. A
         | software engineer probably only really works about 20 hours a
         | week. That's a 50% savings right there.
        
           | tapvt wrote:
           | What's the definition of "really working?"
           | 
           | I once told a freelance client (hourly) that I solved most of
           | the tough problems while I thought about things in the
           | shower. On that project, very little of my time was spent
           | coding. Client then said I ought to pad my hours by 5 per
           | week. He "got it."
           | 
           | If simply "coding" is what constitutes "really working," that
           | seems problematic.
        
           | ddoolin wrote:
           | They're not assuming/under the impression that all 40 hours
           | are spent working. This wouldn't work because this type of
           | tacit admission works for everyone when they need it, even if
           | that happens to be continuously.
        
           | arvinsim wrote:
           | I would take a paycut to have much less work hours. Could be
           | a win-win but maybe a lot of people prefer to earn more.
        
           | whateveracct wrote:
           | You can't actually enforce that. The standard is salaried,
           | at-will employment. The savvy, skilled remote worker is going
           | to be able to put 20-30 hours in - literally just take off
           | 1-2 days a week. But get paid for the "40hrs."
           | 
           | Basically, the rules of the game mean a salaried, remote
           | employee can easily work half time at full pay - gg
        
           | dukeyukey wrote:
           | Equally speaking, if I realise how to fix that bug when I'm
           | out with friends one night, should I present my employer with
           | an extra bill for those hours spent drinking and relaxing,
           | putting my mind in a state where it could fix the issue?
        
             | xwdv wrote:
             | Should a factory worker be paid for resting their body to
             | get ready for the next day of work?
        
           | opportune wrote:
           | Why would any software engineer take an equivalent paying job
           | that micromanages their every minute to make sure the company
           | gets a full 40 hrs out of them, unless the pay were much
           | better than what they'd get otherwise (eating in to that 50%)
           | or they were desperate?
           | 
           | This would be a huge mis-optimization IMO. Good luck
           | attracting "top" workers and retaining them with this model.
           | It's just "butts in seats" taken to an extreme.
        
             | xwdv wrote:
             | I mean what you're basically saying is you want to work at
             | inefficient companies that pay more than they actually need
             | to.
             | 
             | If you're not working, you shouldn't be paid. Fair is fair.
             | 
             | Perhaps instead of paying per hour a company should offer
             | pay per week, and it's up to the developer to decide how
             | many hours they will end up actually working that week and
             | if the offered pay is worth it.
        
         | eunos wrote:
         | what's wrong with hour long lunches?
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | I work at a company where it is encouraged to use the fitness
         | facilities during work hours. 15 minutes walking to one of the
         | gyms, 5 minutes changing, an hour working out, 10 minutes in
         | the sauna, 10 minute shower, 5 minutes getting dressed, 15
         | minutes walking back. That is 2 hours of my work day right
         | there ;-)
        
           | tartoran wrote:
           | They are smart, the employees are likely to be more
           | productive if they are healthy. Many companies squeeze up
           | employees like tubes of toothpaste then discard them and hire
           | a younger gen. It is sometimes not intentional, just create a
           | stresful environment and dont allow enough time to employees
           | to catch their breath so to speak
        
             | tapland wrote:
             | I felt pretty wrecked when I, mostly because of lack of
             | affordable housing, moved to a team in a location near my
             | home town, and found out every single employee aged <35 had
             | ended up on sick leave. Didn't have any choise but I wish I
             | could have just gotten out of there as fast as I ended up
             | in it.
        
               | 6f8986c3 wrote:
               | Why? It'd be helpful to get some idea what workplace
               | factors led to such a negative outcome.
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | Thinking is work too, and you can think from anywhere
        
           | anitil wrote:
           | That sounds marvelous! I'm looking at a job at the moment
           | that is mostly WFH and working out during the day is
           | something I'm looking forward to most of all.
        
             | malux85 wrote:
             | This has changed me - I WFH, but every 2 days I take a 2
             | hour walk, I walk about 7.5KM to the beach and back and
             | while I'm tired at the end of the walk, it's hugely
             | invigorating and I often end up coding until well after
             | midnight on my own projects with all the extra energy I
             | have.
             | 
             | Have lost quite a lot of weight too ... and it's only been
             | a couple of months. Go for it! Can't recommend it enough.
        
               | anitil wrote:
               | Living close enough to the beach to be able to walk is
               | one of my life goals!
        
           | Joakal wrote:
           | Name and promote them. They deserve the extra labour supply.
        
           | thanhhaimai wrote:
           | Very smart company. May I know the name?
           | 
           | For intellectual work like we what we do, the brain doesn't
           | just stop "working". I tend to be able to come up with good
           | solution while driving/working out/taking a walk/drinking
           | tea...
           | 
           | Only at low levels that I see time-at-keyboard important. Now
           | it's all ambiguous/large scale problems that spending time at
           | the keyboard is a very small portion of my time. It's more
           | productive to keep the problems in mind, then let my mind
           | wandering and arrive at the solutions later. After you
           | design/test/run the solutions in your mind, it only takes a
           | small amount of time to write it out (design doc or code).
        
         | AussieWog93 wrote:
         | It's not just tech, it's office jobs in general. People doing
         | 40 hours of actual, necessary work in that environment are the
         | exception.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | > It's an open secret at least in the tech world that
         | absolutely no one is putting in a productive 40 hours of work a
         | week.
         | 
         | Be grateful for your privilege. Most employees aren't tech.
         | 
         | The workers at companies that schlep things around are working
         | a real, non-stop 8 hours. This is why Amazon warehouse jobs are
         | so shitty.
         | 
         | Teachers are pretty much non-stop as well. This is why so many
         | of them have medical issues with their bladders.
         | 
         | The vast majority of workers are in positions that really do
         | put in 40 hours of hard work a week--and they don't get paid
         | anywhere near as much as tech.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | > absolutely no one is putting in a productive 40 hours of work
         | a week
         | 
         | You are being a little broad with this statement. One can
         | easily put in 60+ hours for weeks on end and be incredibly
         | productive while doing it. Its all circumstantial. If you have
         | no family, are the sole founder in the company, and really
         | enjoy what you are doing, why the fuck would you stop at a 40
         | hour work week?
         | 
         | Not all of us loathe the thing we do for the majority of our
         | waking hours.
        
           | impostir wrote:
           | I would just say that choosing to work more than 40 hrs per
           | week is very different to being forced to work 40 hrs per
           | week. Simply because someone can happily choose more work
           | hours does not mean that the de facto standard should be that
           | high or even at 40 hrs.
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | > One can easily put in 60+ hours for weeks on end and be
           | incredibly productive while doing it.
           | 
           | Do you have an objective measure of that? I've worked with
           | plenty of people who thought they were being productive for
           | 60+ hours/week, but none of their productivity actually
           | stacked up. Founder/CTO types were the worst, they'd bypass
           | process and cause outages but because of their position
           | everyone had to coddle their ego and pretend that they were
           | doing good work and the trouble wasn't their fault.
        
             | nrdvana wrote:
             | I can do 60s in bursts, and the bursts have lasted as long
             | as 2 months before. I usually burn out as soon as we hit
             | the finish line, and work 10-20 hour weeks for a while
             | until all the comp-time is used up. But I can really do a
             | fantastic amount of programming when I dedicate my entire
             | brain to the project and completely exclude all other
             | thoughts. OTOH I have to admit that both of the biggest
             | production screwups I ever made happened in those crunch
             | times. But seeing myself hit those levels of productivity
             | actually gives me a ton of satisfaction. Some of my normal
             | 40 hour weeks when my head isn't in the game are so un-
             | productive that it depresses me.
             | 
             | You asked about objective measures, but I'm not sure how
             | programming can really be quantified. All I can say is my
             | "hyper-mode" has caused projects to reach deadlines that
             | others on the team thought were unlikely.
        
               | JesseMReeves wrote:
               | Can you give us some advice on how you recharge
               | effectively between such bursts? Since starting receiving
               | salaries I am staying within 40+ hours work weeks but it
               | does depress me because indeed my head is not always in
               | the game. I thought about only doing the necessary
               | busywork for some weeks because I want to get difficult
               | projects done that just won't work out if I'm not full-
               | in. But I get feelings of guilt whenever I do that, and
               | that prohibits recharging.
        
           | monsieurbanana wrote:
           | I read it more as "no one is having 40 hours per week of
           | productive work _continuously_ ".
           | 
           | Even in your example, being productive for 60+ hours is
           | possible, but for how long? There might be extreme (extreme!)
           | outliers, but I think it's fair to say that at some point you
           | will increase your productivity by putting in less hours.
        
             | etempleton wrote:
             | In the marketing agency world 50-60 hour weeks are the norm
             | and 70 hour weeks occur once a month or so. It isn't really
             | sustainable. Most people burn out and leave the agency
             | world within three years. Those that stay often make work
             | their life or have a way where they can set their own
             | schedules, which is usually because they have reached
             | marketing executive level and the work becomes different.
             | 
             | It is a very unhealthy industry. I am not sure if it can be
             | sustained in it's current form, but I don't ever see the
             | hours being reduced either. 4 day work weeks would just
             | mean 12+ hour days and you would have to hope your clients
             | aren't open on Fridays or whatever day you decided to make
             | your company day off. Staggering days wouldn't work that
             | well as most agencies have little to no redundancy by
             | design.
        
               | MereInterest wrote:
               | How much of that is working time, and how much of it is
               | sitting in a room not being productive? Every
               | productivity study I've read finds that per-week
               | productivity drops off tremendously with that level of
               | overwork.
        
             | rogerkirkness wrote:
             | I can work 55 hours a week in perpetuity as a founder, with
             | the exception of four off grid, week long vacations a year.
             | Even two weeks over 60 hours (e.g. fundraising across
             | timezones) and I rapidly lose it.
        
               | monsieurbanana wrote:
               | But is your overall productivity higher with 55 hours
               | than it would be with less hours?
               | 
               | It's the kind of question where I wouldn't really believe
               | your answer, unless you've actually tried to experiment
               | yourself where is the cutoff (for your specific
               | situation) between hours / productivity.
               | 
               | Not because I think you would answer in bad faith, but
               | because it's a really complex question. What if working
               | less hours over multiple years would let you pursue some
               | hobby, turn you more sociable and thus a better
               | leader/CEO?
               | 
               | Or maybe it would make you just very slightly better at
               | decision making. You would have less time to manage your
               | company, maybe relying more on others, but in exchange
               | you would have more energy for the really crucial
               | decisions. Or enough energy for extending that 2-weeks
               | international crowdfunding effort into a 3-weeks.
        
           | goldenchrome wrote:
           | Yes, if you're starting your own business then it could help
           | you to work as much as you can.
           | 
           | However, most people do not run their own business. Most
           | people are low-level code monkeys in large firms where
           | individual efforts aren't business critical. When your
           | project gets cancelled for the 3rd time and you still get a
           | raise, it finally clicks that your work doesn't really
           | matter. This takes a psychological toll. As a result, most
           | people I know in FAANG who are 28+ years old will sheepishly
           | admit that they do very little actual work (30 hours max per
           | week). That's the whole point of hiring people straight out
           | of college: you get ~5 years out of them before they realize
           | what the game is. The ones who are happy with the "truth"
           | become managers, and the ones who aren't opt to keep their
           | head down and coast, or just quit from "burnout".
        
             | DSingularity wrote:
             | Yeah, or you can avoid all that by going to startups.
        
               | goldenchrome wrote:
               | And do a lot more work for way less money? Your work will
               | have more impact, that's for sure. But at some point
               | you'll have a higher-level realization that you're still
               | working in a capitalist hellhole and you're not being
               | fairly compensated for the risk compared to the VCs or
               | the founders. If I was going to work in a startup or
               | FAANG from 22-30, I'd pick FAANG for the guaranteed
               | million dollars in the bank.
               | 
               | The only exception I'd personally make is to found a
               | startup with people I enjoy on a problem that I'm
               | personally motivated by. This is basically a band for
               | capitalistic nerds. Even then, you still have to allow
               | VCs to suck out your soul.
        
               | y2bd wrote:
               | And given what kinds of products and services the vast
               | majority of startups out there provide, even "impact" is
               | questionable.
        
               | whateveracct wrote:
               | Working 60hr/week for a startup is completely illogical.
               | It's the sort of thing you only do drunk on kool-aid.
        
               | ghshephard wrote:
               | I would say the opposite - the _only_ job I can imagine
               | (outside of the first two years of investment banking)
               | working 60+ hours /week would be a startup - where each
               | and every hour in those first 2-3 years can make the
               | difference between building a Billion dollar company or
               | just getting left behind.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | The only time _id_ do that is if I was the founder.
               | 
               | Employees are too likely to be screwed over, even if the
               | company is successful
        
               | DSingularity wrote:
               | Define screwed over? Because in my view getting screwed
               | over is joining the industry on promise of working on
               | deep tech and ending up a tiny cog in a machine.
        
               | whateveracct wrote:
               | Most startups aren't engineering-bound though
               | 
               | Amdahl's Law
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _It 's the sort of thing you only do drunk on kool-aid_
               | 
               | Did not realise believing in a mission is akin to joining
               | a suicide cult.
               | 
               | Work doesn't have to suck. It doesn't have to be
               | everyone's calling. But it is for some of us, and sixty+
               | hours a week can be time well spent. My time at start-ups
               | has been time around colleagues I love, work I enjoy and
               | a mission I believe in. (I was also decently compensated
               | while there and exorbitantly so on the upside.)
               | 
               | There are countless public servants, non-profit
               | employees, artists and public-company workers putting in
               | those hours and more finding reward in their work. No
               | need to deem everyone who doesn't fit your lifestyle an
               | idiot.
        
               | failwhaleshark wrote:
               | There's a balance between passionate hustle and diving
               | into burnout. Some people can do more than others. etc
               | etc. It's more sustainable for mental health to not make
               | every waking minute about work, and take breaks and
               | vacations. If you don't have a life, there's no point to
               | working.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | It doesn't have to, but the most likely outcome in a
               | startup is it goes bankrupt, what you did disappears into
               | the dark hole of failed ideas, and no one sees it.
               | 
               | It's a suckers game: the default behavior needs to be
               | "when the founders get greedy and kick me out...what will
               | I do then? How will I feel about that time?"
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _what you did disappears into the dark hole of failed
               | ideas_
               | 
               | If the work is for financing a life outside it, yes. But
               | if the work is rewarding in itself, then said failure is
               | --while highly disappointing--balanced by the
               | relationships, stories and skills gained therefrom.
               | 
               | This is absolutely a risk tolerance and personality
               | matrix thing. I just want to push back against this
               | recently-popular philosophy which idealises the Western
               | European work ethic and lifestyle. It is one among many
               | local optima.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Working 60 hours a week probably leaves you with less
               | relationships+stories+skills than working 40 hours a
               | week.
        
               | whateveracct wrote:
               | I mean - feel free if you actually think your job is
               | aligned with your life's goal.
               | 
               | Me? I'd rather do what I can to make Art. So it's nice
               | that I can get a software company to subsidize it
               | thoroughly.
               | 
               | I'm just glad I can get paid effectively for being
               | Skilled instead of laboring with my Skill. Availability
               | is the best ability after all.
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | > are the sole founder in the company
           | 
           | yeah in this case, if its really your dream, go right ahead.
           | 
           | most workers aren't the founders of the company.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | > If you have no family
           | 
           | So that's... maybe 20% of the workforce?
           | 
           | > are the sole founder in the company
           | 
           | And with this we narrow it down to maybe 1% or less of the
           | workforce.
           | 
           | He can be broad because your conditions don't apply to the
           | overwhelming majority of workers. Statistically, your
           | conditions cover an insignificant group.
        
             | bob1029 wrote:
             | "Absolutely no one" and "1%" have entirely different
             | meanings to me. I thought it important to highlight the
             | "insignificant" case (of which I am a member) to avoid some
             | notion that this applies to 100% of people in reality. The
             | way we usually go on about work around here concerns me,
             | and I fear we risk alienating a very energetic and well-
             | meaning segment of the community.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | HN comments (and in general, forum comments) are not PhD
               | theses, they're generic, casual comments that in many
               | cases try to tell a story.
               | 
               | Hyperbole is to be expected.
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | Hyperbole or not it has an impact when repeated like some
               | religion. This comment thread is making me not want to
               | participate on hackernews.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | I think (I don't know you) that I wouldn't want you to do
               | that, but to each their own.
               | 
               | You sound like you're having a bad day outside of HN, as
               | this has been just a regular and might I say, civil,
               | chat, otherwise.
               | 
               | A temporary break from HN (or social media in general),
               | might not be a bad idea :-)
        
       | raister wrote:
       | Uruguay they tried that: people ended up working two jobs and
       | feeling/looking tired on both! People will find a way, always.
       | Just keep 40h - at least they won't try to find a 2nd job
       | elsewhere...
        
         | ThatMedicIsASpy wrote:
         | I think we eventually have to move to a 4 day work week because
         | of employment. Switching to a 4 day work week creates jobs. The
         | work will not be less when you switch to 4 days and to
         | compensate you have to hire more people.
         | 
         | Even in Europe we have countries with a high rate of
         | unemployment among young people.
        
       | Cthulhu_ wrote:
       | Do they get paid the same though? I mean where I live, as an
       | employee you have the RIGHT to work part-time if you want to - 40
       | hours is the norm, 36 is common (either one day off every two
       | weeks or some manage to work 10h 4 days/week), some work 32
       | hours. But they get paid, vacation time, bonuses etc accordingly.
       | 
       | I went to 36 hours when I started my new job, but went back to 40
       | this year because I can manage with working from home, and
       | because of the pandemic there were no pay raises last year -
       | while cost of living is spiraling upwards because of rapidly
       | increasing housing prices.
        
       | perfunctory wrote:
       | I have been working 4 days a week or less for about a decade by
       | now. It's been the single best improvement to my quality of life.
       | I've got to spend more time with my family, hobby projects,
       | learning new things and simply chilling out. I will never ever
       | ever ever work 5 days again.
        
       | jdshaffer wrote:
       | And yet most kids here (Japan) go to school nearly every day --
       | some classes on alternating Saturdays and have mandatory "club
       | activities" nearly EVERY day including Saturdays and Sundays.
       | Seems a bit of a mixed message going on...
        
         | kwere wrote:
         | japanese collectivism
        
       | Iv wrote:
       | Start by giving them holidays. Even US companies give more
       | holidays to their employees.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | onion2k wrote:
       | I think a lot of the replies in the thread so far have focused on
       | tech (understandably, this is HN after all) but that's missing
       | something obvious - the 4 day week would apply to everyone.
       | 
       | In tech it's very likely someone going from 5 days to 4 days
       | could still achieve the same amount of actual work. As other
       | commenters have said, many tech workers don't do productive work
       | all the time they're present. Retail workers, factory workers,
       | people who fill in the holes in roads, telephone support people,
       | etc aren't contending with pointless meetings and busy work
       | though. They can't do 40 hours of work in 32 hours by removing
       | some of the hours they're not really working. What they do
       | doesn't compress like that.
       | 
       | Consequently looking at this from the context of tech workers is
       | far less interesting. The Japanese government isn't saying "Let's
       | get rid of pointless meetings and busy work!" In tech removing
       | the pointless nonsense isn't actually reducing the amount of real
       | work people do. Instead, Japan is saying "Our country is wealthy
       | enough and advanced enough that our people can _actually_ do less
       | work. " That's fascinating.
       | 
       | If you see this as "removing the wasteful time spent on things
       | that aren't useful like meetinga" then you've missed the point.
       | It is that, but it's much, much more than that too.
        
         | brigandish wrote:
         | > The Japanese government isn't saying "Let's get rid of
         | pointless meetings and busy work!"
         | 
         | Maybe, but if you've worked in Japan, or even just living here,
         | you know about the long, pointless meetings, desk warming and
         | busy work. Thus, it's highly possible the government _is_
         | saying  "let's get rid of pointless meetings and busy work".
         | Things are that top-down here that often companies won't do
         | anything _unless_ the government has said something (and it 's
         | likely that it was the big companies that control the
         | politicians that told them to say it).
         | 
         | There are plenty of examples of this kind of thing, one is when
         | the government had to do the same to force companies to let/get
         | employees to use their holiday entitlements. Western principles
         | such as truth, innocence and self-reliance aren't foundational
         | here - the moment you accept that you understand so much more
         | about the culture, in much the same way you won't understand
         | Buddhism if you use a mental model constructed out of your
         | understanding of Christianity.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | _> Western principles such as truth, innocence and self-
           | reliance aren 't foundational here_
           | 
           | ... nor in the West, to be fair. Lies and cheats are
           | commonplace in any Western workplace.
           | 
           | I think you are over-generalizing. Self-reliance is big in
           | Japan too, even while egoism is not - it's drilled into
           | people basically from birth, with things like students
           | cleaning their own schools. Innocence is always politely
           | expected until openly questioned, at which point it turns
           | almost automatically into guilt; but it doesn't mean it's not
           | "foundational" - in fact, it's much more entrenched, it's
           | just that the act of questioning it carries so much more
           | weight on all sides (an unfair accusation, if determined,
           | would be _extremely_ shameful) that nobody wants to go there
           | until absolutely necessary.
           | 
           | They just play the game with a slightly different set of
           | practical rules.
        
             | brigandish wrote:
             | Perhaps I should've used the word _ideals_ instead of
             | _principles_ , as you're right, plenty of liars and cheats
             | around (we're all human). Aside from that I'm happy with
             | what I wrote. You can't have innocence and truth as
             | fundamental _ideals_ of a shame culture.
        
           | qwerty456127 wrote:
           | > Western principles such as truth, innocence and self-
           | reliance aren't foundational here
           | 
           | Then what is?
        
             | vict00ms wrote:
             | I'm 4th generation Japanese-American, and in no way
             | whatsoever qualified to answer your question, but I'll
             | gladly do it nonetheless: they prioritize the collective
             | over the individual.
        
               | brigandish wrote:
               | This is entirely correct, it seems you are displaying the
               | kind of humility that would make your ancestors proud!
        
         | myspy wrote:
         | Grinding everyone done in a 40 hour work week is a bigger
         | problem though. And it's not like you work highly efficiently
         | in a 40 hour work week. Or if management did enforce that all
         | 40 hours are busy time, the people burn out.
         | 
         | I've worked a factory job and have seen it there, I work in
         | white collar now and it's the same.
         | 
         | If you say 40 hours you'll only get around 30 because workers
         | have to bounce between working and getting down a little or
         | else they burn out.
        
         | gdubs wrote:
         | There was another thread on 4 day workweeks, and I'll reiterate
         | what I wrote there: people had the same concerns when society
         | shifted to a 40 hour workweek and productive actually _went
         | up_. Fewer injuries and illness, etc.
         | 
         | 1: "The Rise and Fall of American Growth"
        
         | greyman wrote:
         | What I find fascinating is why government should have such an
         | authority to be able to mandate this.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | toomanybeersies wrote:
           | Why shouldn't a government have the authority to mandate the
           | working conditions for its citizens?
        
           | garden_hermit wrote:
           | "encourage"
        
             | greyman wrote:
             | That's the title says, but we see similar initiatives in EU
             | as well, and it would basically mean that the employee can
             | choose that he wants to work only 4 days. Of course, even
             | now anyone can also have 4 days workweek, if employer
             | agrees to it. But in this case it is something mandatory.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | From the article:
               | 
               | > The government included the promotion of an optional
               | four-day workweek in its annual economic policy guideline
               | finalized Friday
               | 
               | But even if it wasn't optional, the idea of mandatory
               | labor laws is hardly groundbreaking anyway. The US has
               | many regulations regarding working hours.
        
         | raxxorrax wrote:
         | Completely true. Working has become a race to the bottom. For
         | substanance, we should today be able to work three days for
         | that matter. Volunteers for more are fine too. Problem is, that
         | all economies must find common ground, or you will indeed get
         | behind.
        
         | legulere wrote:
         | People are still going to work more efficient when they work 32
         | instead of 40 hours in many jobs as fatigue sets in at some
         | point.
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | No because they will change the number of days not of working
           | hours.
        
           | raxxorrax wrote:
           | Sometime I don't get enough sleep when I start at 8am. It
           | makes the result of work so much worse when you aren't
           | rested. Sure, I could make sure to go to bed earlier, but
           | life happens and honestly I don't live for work.
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | No, there are jobs where you do rote things on demand or at
           | particular intervals with no fatigue at 40 hours per week.
           | 
           | Examples from my own employment experience:
           | 
           | - front desk clerk at a hotel
           | 
           | - fuel pump operator
           | 
           | Both of these are pretty dull work that doesn't exhaust you
           | at all at the 40 hour work week. Most of the time is spent
           | idle and the time spent working doesn't require much going on
           | upstairs.
        
             | fy20 wrote:
             | Most of these customer facing jobs will be abandoned or
             | optimised away in the next few decades.
             | 
             | Front desk work could be done away with mostly by
             | electronic systems (most of the time when I "check in" it's
             | just picking up a ready made room card as I checked in
             | online). You could even centralise the "talking to a human"
             | part in a call center operating a number of hotels, who
             | delegate to staff on the premises (house keeping,
             | maintenance, room service, etc). Of course luxury hotels
             | will still have humans.
             | 
             | Fuel pump operator hasn't been a job in most Western
             | countries for decades, as you just pump fuel yourself (and
             | often even pay at the pump). Is "EV charger operator" a
             | job?
        
               | SilverRed wrote:
               | As far as I can see. These front desk jobs exist as
               | theft/crime deterrent and to handle edge cases. Sure you
               | could fully automate fuel stations but who is going to
               | call the police when kids start spray painting the
               | windows unless you have someone sitting at a desk
               | watching cctv all day. And who is going to deal with
               | customers who are trying to report something is wrong
               | with a pump. These jobs have already been automated to
               | the point that one person can handle a large store/hotel.
        
               | MomoXenosaga wrote:
               | I kinda feel some countries care a lot about full
               | employment. How they can afford it is beyond me though.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | If we can afford to keep people alive surely we can
               | arrange for them to do something useful too. Unless we
               | intend to condemn large numbers of people to chronic
               | poverty we have to pay more than starvation wages even to
               | those who do nothing.
               | 
               | It seems to me that the question to be answered is: how
               | can we afford to not have full employment?
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | It's quite simple: they can afford it by having full
               | employment.
               | 
               | Full employment means lots of good things: a population
               | that's richer per-capita and spends more, less expenses
               | on welfare, less poverty, less crime, less billionaires,
               | etc.
        
               | hypertele-Xii wrote:
               | > but who is going to call the police when kids start
               | spray painting the windows unless you have someone
               | sitting at a desk watching cctv all day.
               | 
               | A neural network trained to classify spray-painting kids?
        
               | toomanybeersies wrote:
               | The deterrent effect is less because clerks are more
               | effective than cameras at detecting crime, and more
               | because people don't like committing crimes when there
               | are other people nearby.
               | 
               | Obviously that's not an absolute statement, especially
               | considering that armed robbery is a thing. But in general
               | humans are better crime deterrents than security cameras
               | or robots.
               | 
               | In a lot of cases, that's the sole reason for employing
               | security guards, since the only thing they're actually
               | allowed to do when they encounter crimes in progress is
               | ring the police.
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | I can't wait until short window-washers start getting
               | arrested.
        
               | maeln wrote:
               | There is a lot of 24h/24h fuel station here in France
               | with no staff and it is working out.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Here in Finland even the full-service 24h stations have
               | automated self-service and that might even be most used
               | option.
        
               | Kiro wrote:
               | > Sure you could fully automate fuel stations
               | 
               | Where are you from? I thought fuel stations in most
               | Western countries were fully automated already. In Sweden
               | there are loads with no people at all but even the ones
               | with a store you just pay at the pump. You only go inside
               | if you need to buy something else.
               | 
               | Very strange example to use and kind of invalidates your
               | whole point.
        
               | Twisol wrote:
               | Apparently, it's illegal to pump your own gas in New
               | Jersey. [0]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/74549/why-cant-
               | you-pump-...
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | From NJ, wouldn't change it.
               | 
               | No need to get out of your car and deal with a dirty
               | pump. You can also get out to go in the store while they
               | fill your tank, or some smaller places you can buy stuff
               | right from the attendant. Gas doesn't cost any extra
               | because of it either. We used to have some of the
               | cheapest gas in the country before a recent tax hike.
               | Basically a free service, no tipping either.
               | 
               | One downside is that if it is busy you might have to
               | wait, but the guys are usually pretty quick.
        
               | someguy321 wrote:
               | You pay for that service whether you realize it or not.
        
               | savingsPossible wrote:
               | Apparently not?
               | 
               | The cost can come from the margin for the gas station,
               | not the consumer
        
               | someguy321 wrote:
               | Gas stations are a notoriously low-margin business.
               | Realistically costs get passed on to the consumer.
        
             | namdnay wrote:
             | These jobs are disappearing as part of the constant search
             | for productivity increases. A front desk clerk will now
             | spend their "down" time doing admin work for example
        
               | noisy_boy wrote:
               | Since we are on the topic of Japan and hotel front desk,
               | this video shows an example day of a Japanese hotel staff
               | who does a whole bunch of multi-tasking:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZsdm0RZ18k
        
             | ddnb wrote:
             | I have done a job that was 80% dull work. I can guarantee
             | you I have never been more exhausted when I came home from
             | work. Don't ask me how it works, but doing 'nothing' can be
             | extremely tiring. And this was a desk job.
        
             | legulere wrote:
             | I agree that not all jobs are like that, but the comment I
             | was replying to was talking about retail workers, factory
             | workers and people who fill in the holes in roads, which do
             | suffer from fatigue.
        
             | raxxorrax wrote:
             | Idling at work is one of the most exhausting "occupations".
        
         | Noos wrote:
         | I don't think it's true though. A lot of jobs you simply can't
         | reduce the hours no matter how advanced you are without
         | corresponding loss in service. There's also serious staffing
         | issues in many blue collar jobs which simply won't be able to
         | be filled by enforcing them to work less hours; there isn't a
         | huge supply of people wanting to do menial labor to pop up to
         | work part time and pick up the slack.
         | 
         | Retail and factory work already has low wages and high
         | turnover, forcing them to try and make up a 20% loss in
         | staffing hours is probably not going to happen over just
         | cutting operating hours and shifting to models designed to work
         | with less staff; retail stores for example may just be open 20%
         | less or be constantly understaffed and understocked.
         | 
         | Or eventually a lot of them just close and the bigger ones
         | absorb the surplus workers to keep full hours.
        
         | e12e wrote:
         | Tine's Heimdal factory in Norway did do 30 hour work week for a
         | while - with good results in efficiency (and employee
         | happiness). It was unfortunately scrapped due to cost concerns
         | (workers kept same pay as for 37.5h work week).
         | 
         | Its not clear if the change back to "normal" week was entirely
         | rational - there were other suggestions to make the cited
         | target of 80M NOK/year savings.
        
         | franciscop wrote:
         | I fully agree with your comment overall, but as someone who
         | lives in Japan I'd like to point out that specifically "people
         | who fill in the holes in roads" is a running joke in Japan
         | since small street constructions always seem way over-staffed.
         | 
         | It's amazing because they do finish a lot faster than in
         | western countries, but you can definitely remove 20% of the
         | people in street-level construction and would see little
         | difference. An example: they hire 2 people on every sidewalk
         | _just_ to tell people to continue walking the way they are
         | walking and make sure they don 't fall into a pit while looking
         | at their phones[1].
         | 
         | From what I've learned, this specific job is normally filled by
         | people who have already retired but don't have enough to live,
         | so they are paid peanuts (I believe they might also be paid a
         | bit extra by gvmt to go back to work, but I'm not sure I
         | understood this point properly). They have started to be
         | replaced by "robots" though [2].
         | 
         | Edit: in general _everything_ in Japan seems overstaffed
         | compared to the western counterparts, not just road
         | construction. I believe this is how they can maintain very low
         | levels of unemployment here, but I don 't yet know how the
         | incentives work to make it possible.
         | 
         | [1] The guys with the blue shirt, notice one on each side
         | https://c8.alamy.com/comp/HBJ2K1/japanese-people-in-construc...
         | 
         | [2] https://japangasm.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/rwintro-
         | swing0...
        
           | ratww wrote:
           | _> It 's amazing because they do finish a lot faster than in
           | western countries, but you can definitely remove 20% of the
           | people in street-level construction and would see little
           | difference._
           | 
           | Maybe the 20% extra people is the reason they always finish a
           | lot faster.
        
             | franciscop wrote:
             | So there's normally 2x-3x people working in construction
             | compared to western countries. I'm saying 20% of those
             | workhours _are_ not needed, but that 'd still leave quite a
             | lot more workers there compared to western countries and
             | why they finish early. An example is that they normally
             | work around the clock (24/7, but fairly quietly at night).
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | Or the reason everything in Japan is so clean and actually
             | efficient and reliable. You won't see the casual litter and
             | degraded infrastructure that is commonplace in US and
             | Western Europe - everything is kept in tip-top shape,
             | because why not? When you have the wealth and workforce to
             | spare, in practical terms it's just better to allocate
             | capacity for this sort of tasks in quantities that might
             | look sub-optimal on a spreadsheet.
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | Yep, exactly. I completely agree with you.
        
           | nsonha wrote:
           | wow is that 8 people for painting a line?
        
             | blarg1 wrote:
             | 1 to paint the line and 7 to make sure it's straight
        
               | ratww wrote:
               | So it's like a code review, but for lines on the road.
        
           | MarkSweep wrote:
           | Some notably low-staffed places in Japan are Yoshinoya and
           | Sukiyaki (beef bowel fast food, often 24/7). It seems there
           | usually just one person working there at a time.
        
             | innocenat wrote:
             | You probably went during off time? It's usually more than 1
             | during busy time. (And it's Sukiya, not Sukiyaki)
             | 
             | And it's also probably not for wanting just 1 staff -- it's
             | probably because no one want to work at those place.
        
               | hderms wrote:
               | I went once at about 3-4PM and also came away feeling
               | like it was a bit understaffed. One worker and about 8
               | people in there eating. I didn't have to wait a crazy
               | amount of time so maybe it's fine though, gyudon doesn't
               | take a long time to prepare if some ingredients are
               | prepped
        
             | franciscop wrote:
             | By low-staffed, do you mean that you had to wait long time
             | to get your order? These places are highly automated so
             | they don't need as many staff, sure there's few people
             | working there but usually more than enough for serving the
             | orders that come through in just few minutes.
        
           | asah wrote:
           | Um, actually construction appears to lay people as
           | "overstaffed" due to safety, breaks, inspections and
           | synchronization of people, tools and materials.
           | 
           | https://qr.ae/pGFloE
        
             | franciscop wrote:
             | Yes, I understand _some_ people that seem to not be doing
             | much are actually safety people, or taking a normal break,
             | but in the case of Japan it 's quite extreme and that's why
             | I pointed it out.
        
           | mnky9800n wrote:
           | They even have signs that look like people that day watch out
           | for the sidewalk that stand next to the guy that says watch
           | out for the sidewalk. But everyone who wants to work should
           | have a job.
        
           | mdavis6890 wrote:
           | I don't know if Japanese construction projects are
           | overstaffed or not, but if they are, do you think that would
           | change? My guess is that they would continue the same
           | staffing arrangement and get less construction work done.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | Japan on paper is the wealthiest (non-microstate) Asian
           | country GDP per capita, but if you compare by PPP it's
           | actually not great because of meh economic
           | productivity/import tariffs, and slips behind South Korea and
           | Taiwan.
        
           | kqr wrote:
           | Sometimes I think what passes for appropriately staffed in
           | the West is actually understaffed. What's called optimal
           | staffing in the West is just at capacity, which is a nice way
           | of saying "with no spare capacity."
           | 
           | Of course, with Japan being the land of just-in-time, one
           | could argue that spare capacity is bad -- but that's an
           | oversimplification. Necessary spare capacity is good. What's
           | bad is not being able to address the reasons the spare
           | capacity is needed. Maybe when it comes to humans doing road
           | work there's no way around the need for spare capacity?
        
             | Tabular-Iceberg wrote:
             | My pet conspiracy theory is that Toyota's liberal knowledge
             | sharing with competitors is really a psy-op to keep the
             | competitors perpetually on the edge of ruin while they
             | laugh all the way to the bank.
             | 
             | They don't even have to be deceptive about it. Just in time
             | is obviously about not having undue spare capacity, not
             | about not having any spare capacity at all. But Toyota
             | knows this nuance is going to be lost on buzzword-loving
             | PHBs and greedy management consultant firms. You see the
             | same thing happening with corporate Agile.
        
               | AlbertoGP wrote:
               | I've heard recently (in a video that I don't know how to
               | find again) that that's exactly what happened with the
               | automotive industry's chip shortage: Toyota was the only
               | one that built a stock of chips in advance, and now are
               | the only ones that can keep producing cars without being
               | limited by the shortage.
               | 
               | Edit: found the video:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1JlYZQG3lI&t=804s
               | 
               | At 13 min. 24 seconds:
               | 
               | > Just in time is such a simple principle, but the
               | pursuit of the elimination of waste is now the central
               | mission of any major manufacturer.
               | 
               | > However, most did it wrong. Manufacturers globally saw
               | the headline "elimination of inventory leads to massive
               | efficiency gains" and jumped on that without actually
               | determining what made it work for Toyota.
               | 
               | > They ignored that Japan's small physical size made for
               | short domestic supply chains, less vulnerable to things
               | going wrong.
               | 
               | > They ignored the company's production leveling: finding
               | the average daily demand and producing that regardless of
               | short-term changes and demands.
               | 
               | > They ignored the fact that eliminating excess inventory
               | is different from eliminating _all_ inventory.
               | 
               | > They ignored the principle of growing strong teams of
               | cross-functional workers predicated on respecting people.
               | 
               | > They ignored the culture of stopping and fixing
               | problems to get things right the first time.
               | 
               | > They ignored huge swaths of the Toyota Way and created
               | a system that's less effective and less resilient but can
               | impress shareholders through short-term savings.
               | 
               | > How Toyota has effectively implemented this system
               | fills books but many are just reading the covers.
               | 
               | > Even Toyota though is not perfect.
               | 
               | > In 2011 japan was rocked by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake
               | the fourth strongest ever recorded anywhere. Not only did
               | this cause immense destruction to life and property but
               | it also led Toyota to recognize a flaw in its own system.
               | 
               | > As japan recovered some supply chains were quick to as
               | well. For example, securing plastic resin for door panel
               | production is not difficult: there are plenty of
               | manufacturers globally creating easily substitutable
               | alternatives.
               | 
               | > That's not the case with, say, semiconductors: the
               | hugely expensive facilities that create these chips
               | require years to construct and after the 2011 earthquake
               | it took many months to mend them back to operating
               | status.
               | 
               | > This surfaced a truth that had never been fully
               | considered: not all supply chains are made equal. Plastic
               | resin can handle supply chain disruption, semiconductors
               | cannot. Therefore Toyota made changes: all along, their
               | mission was not to eliminate inventory full stop; it was
               | to eliminate _excess_ inventory.
               | 
               | > Supply chain disruption is inevitable. It's inevitable
               | in the same way that Titanic's flawed design would
               | eventually encounter an iceberg, or the structural
               | economic vulnerabilities of 2008 would eventually collide
               | with a market panic. Therefore semiconductor inventory is
               | not excess because inevitably, due to the inevitability
               | of disruption, excess semiconductor inventory will
               | eventually become necessary.
               | 
               | > Recognizing this, Toyota in recent years has started to
               | build up a stockpile of two to six months worth of chips
               | and that's why the company is the _only_ major vehicle
               | manufacturer that is unfazed by the semiconductor
               | shortage.
               | 
               | > Toyota followed its own principles. It did not stray
               | from them, and it did not reinvent them. It's no surprise
               | that Toyota excels at implementing its own system, but it
               | is a surprise that the entire manufacturing world has so
               | wholeheartedly embraced _flawed_ implementation of the
               | system.
        
               | bellyfullofbac wrote:
               | I thought I'd rather watch the video than read your long
               | transcript, I clicked it, it's Wendover with his weird
               | speech pattern (some syllables loud, some syllables he
               | runs through, but some vowels he drawls on...).
               | 
               | > Just IN tiime, is such a SIMple principlee, but the
               | purSUIT of the ELIMination of waste...
               | 
               | Tab closed, thanks for the transcript.
        
               | ant6n wrote:
               | Did the speaker on wendover change like 1~2 years ago? I
               | feel like the voice used to be more, uh, geeky sounding.
        
               | bellyfullofbac wrote:
               | He probably got some sort of speech coaching because he
               | didn't like the way he sounded. A bad one, I would say. I
               | looked up a video from 2017, he sounded ok, I could hear
               | some long syllables but they weren't as long as they are
               | now. It also sounds like he got a different mic.
        
               | hvidgaard wrote:
               | What is amazing about this is that it is a super simple
               | game of "what if?". What if our current supply of chips
               | are disrupted? It would mean production halts, there is a
               | non negligible risk and we cannot source new chips in
               | less than 6 months, so stockpile that to keep
               | uninterrupted service. That conclusion probably take
               | quite a while to get to, but the kick off question is
               | really simple.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | It's not that simple, though. "What if our supply chain
               | of X is disrupted?" always leads to a problem where one
               | of the most obvious solutions is "Stockpile huge
               | inventories of X!"
               | 
               | That's what manufacturers had done ever since Ford tried
               | to scale up his initial (very Toyota-esque) operation,
               | and scaled it incorrectly but managed to inspire hordes
               | of other manufacturers to repeat his mistakes.
               | 
               | The novelty of Toyota et al. was not that they asked the
               | what if question, but that they answered it
               | unconventionally: they worked on making the supply chains
               | more reliable instead of adding buffers.
               | 
               | That's what makes this next move counter-intuitive to so
               | many people: when Toyota encountered a supply chain that
               | couldn't be made more reliable, they chose the
               | previously-conventional response, apparently in defiance
               | of their whole thing. Except it wasn't.
               | 
               | You're right in that it is simple, but in trying to show
               | that you're making it too simple.
        
               | NGRhodes wrote:
               | Toyota knows it competitive edge is its culture. Culture
               | to change, to be retrospective, to improve. Lean, JIT,
               | Kanban etc were derived from a culture of striving for
               | perfection and to develop the optimal processes for a
               | specific company is something that takes decades and is
               | never ending, not something that can be read in a book,
               | taught on a course in a short period of time.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | There's also that story from back when Toyoda was making
               | sewing machines or whatever it was, and a competitor
               | stole copies of the engineering drawings for their latest
               | model. Toyoda shrugged and said something to the effect
               | of "So what? The really valuable knowledge are the
               | mistakes we made coming up with those drawings, and
               | that's not in the drawings. By the time our competitors
               | have managed to get their copy of our machine to the
               | market, we will have innovated away from that for our
               | next model. And that innovation is informed not by what
               | our current model looks like, but by the exploration we
               | did to get there. None of that was stolen, so after this
               | model, they will just keep repeating the mistakes we
               | made."
               | 
               | I have no idea of whether this is true at all, but I
               | really like the story anyway.
               | 
               | ----
               | 
               | What I do know is true is that modern day Toyota doesn't
               | mind sharing the solutions they have come up with to
               | various problems, because they think the real value is in
               | the people and processes to (a) identify the problems in
               | the first place, and (b) come up with solutions suited to
               | those specific problems.
               | 
               | Blindly applying Toyota's solutions to Toyota's problems
               | to your organisation, just hoping that you have the same
               | problems as Toyota and that their solutions will work
               | also for you is a recipe for confusion, and not what
               | matters. (Yet virtually every "development methodology"
               | is a specific solution to a specific problem blindly
               | applied to an organisation.)
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | > None of that was stolen, so after this model, they will
               | just keep repeating the mistakes we made.
               | 
               | The competitor probably could have purchased a sewing
               | machine and replicated the engineering drawings
               | themselves. Teardowns of competitor products is common
               | today, and I'm sure it was back then as well.
               | 
               | I think Toyota's "helpful" attitude comes from the
               | Western paranoia in the 70-90s that Japan was going to
               | completely dominate worldwide manufacturing. After all,
               | their rise was fast: in the mid 60s, Japanese
               | manufactures were practically begging to sell rudimentary
               | formed metal components in the USA, but by the early 80s,
               | they were a leader in the high-tech manufacturing. That
               | rise caught many people off guard and I've heard it said
               | that the "lost decade" in Japan was the result of
               | American trade policy specifically designed to curtail
               | Japan's growth in manufacturing.
               | 
               | Viewed in that light, it makes sense that Japanese
               | companies would appear "helpful" to American ones. Why
               | else would Toyota co-build a plant with GM in order to
               | teach GM their Kaizen philosophy for manufacturing?
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | According to the book _The Toyota Way: 14 Management
               | Principles from the World 's Greatest Manufacturer_ by
               | Jeffrey Liker, one of the motivations for Toyota was to
               | repay the debt to American manufacturers who participated
               | in the postwar rebuilding of Japan and taught American
               | manufacturing techniques to Toyota and other Japanese
               | manufacturers.
        
               | dragonelite wrote:
               | You see this a lot in IT companies if it works for
               | google, Amazon and Microsoft, It will work for us while
               | we have like a millionth their load or complexity.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | > Just in time is obviously about not having undue spare
               | capacity,
               | 
               | Also about making spare capacity undue. The lazy solution
               | to unreliable delivery is inventory. The efficient
               | solution is working with the supplier to make delivery
               | more reliable.
        
             | ehnto wrote:
             | From my experience visiting, there were lots of jobs that
             | were "nice to have". Like the man making sure people don't
             | fall in the hole, or the person standing by the carpark
             | exit making sure the way is clear. You could probably do
             | without them, but it's a nice thing to have.
             | 
             | There's lots of examples of that, people doing things that
             | you would see brutally optimized out of western city and
             | those cities I feel are worse off for that optimization.
             | 
             | One way to look at it is that with their wealth they've
             | decided to employ more people and do more good, versus
             | pocketing the profit and calling it efficiency.
             | 
             | The famous railway networks in Japan are actually
             | privatized rail companies which was very surprising to me.
             | When the rail companies privatized in my country they
             | immediately became worse, as they were suddenly serving a
             | very different purpose. Staff were let go, the trains are
             | cleaned less often, services were cut. That kind of thing.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | In my country the government used to run the railways,
               | but it had been run down for decades and was at the verge
               | of closing all but the busiest commuter lines into the
               | capital. It was privatized, and since then usage has
               | skyrocketed (well pre covid) to over twice the level pre-
               | privatization, so clearly something's gone well.
               | 
               | The privitization is split into different companies, the
               | best having had a 30 year contract to revitilise their
               | line, and they've done wonders with it, while one of the
               | worst was (pre covid) run to the exact orders of the
               | government
        
               | selimnairb wrote:
               | Case in point: I saw once an older man washing traffic
               | cones in Japan. I don't think traffic cones get washed in
               | the US.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | I found this patent for "Apparatus for cleaning a traffic
               | cone" : https://patents.google.com/patent/GB2434970A/en
               | 
               | It references other patents (prior and subsequent).
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | _> From my experience visiting, there were lots of jobs
               | that were  "nice to have". Like the man making sure
               | people don't fall in the hole, or the person standing by
               | the carpark exit making sure the way is clear. You could
               | probably do without them, but it's a nice thing to have._
               | 
               | How would liability play out for the construction company
               | in a Japanese court? It's already a low margin
               | competitive industry so passing risk management costs
               | onto customers (the cost of the people monitoring the
               | holes) is likely more practical than risking all profits
               | evaporating and years of litigation, especially if
               | insurance has anything to say about it.
        
               | ehnto wrote:
               | I don't know the answer to that sorry, you're right to
               | point it out though. Perhaps there is actually some prior
               | court case that defined a liability to make those
               | individuals necessary to be compliant.
               | 
               | In Australia we certainly don't have those people,
               | construction companies just use a few signs, some cones
               | and barricades and that's all that is required to be
               | compliant. If someone falls in the hole they shouldn't
               | have walked past the cones!
        
               | nsonha wrote:
               | We definitely do, and I'm not against having extra people
               | when it comes to safety. Simply putting on some signs is
               | not enough, what about children?
        
               | franciscop wrote:
               | How many people? The more people you put (let's say
               | fixing a pothole) the safer it is. Would you put 1 extra?
               | 10? 100? 1000? At what point do you stop?
               | 
               | There's absolutely a limit where adding another person
               | only adds marginal safety. For instance, children who
               | don't know they should not jump to jump a barrier and
               | then go into a pothole should not be allowed alone on the
               | streets. We are not talking about a random hole in the
               | street, these things are already heavily warded in Japan
               | with barriers and signs AND on top of it there's also
               | workers AND on top of it the mentioned security guards.
               | My argument is, many or all of these security guards are
               | not needed.
        
               | toomanybeersies wrote:
               | > In Australia we certainly don't have those people
               | 
               | Not the case in Victoria. Pretty normal to see a couple
               | of workers standing near the site entrance making sure
               | pedestrians don't get run over by a truck. Or standing in
               | front of a closed footpath, directing pedestrians to
               | cross the road.
               | 
               | There's pretty strict rules around keeping the public out
               | of construction sites and excavations. Putting a couple
               | of cones around a hole is definitely not all that's
               | required.
        
               | mdavis6890 wrote:
               | "versus pocketing the profit and calling it efficiency."
               | 
               | You mean vs allowing those people to spend their time on
               | something that might instead be more productive for
               | society?
               | 
               | If that person is going to spend an hour doing something,
               | is that truly the greatest contribution they can make?
               | Maybe it is! Then again, maybe not.
        
             | franciscop wrote:
             | It's what the market demands in the end of the day and why
             | I don't understand Japan too much (yet). If a company hires
             | 4 people just for road signaling, and another 0, I'd hire
             | the second one since it's going to be cheaper.
             | 
             | That's why I believe these market forces push to at-
             | capacity, because if someone has spare capacity or a lot of
             | profit another company is going to come in at a lower
             | margin and win the market. Yes this leads to breaking at
             | some situations that happen once every 20 years, but
             | otherwise you die from competition so that's what we are
             | stuck with.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | > I'd hire the second one since it's going to be cheaper.
               | 
               | You would. But the guy doing the hiring is just giving
               | the job to his drinking buddy, sure that the favor will
               | come back in some way or the other.
               | 
               | There's also the social factor to consider. These extra
               | people could be superfluous, but if they're not there
               | everyone walking past will condemn that construction site
               | as being unsafe.
        
               | franciscop wrote:
               | Definitely not (except for the most egregious cases),
               | long-term construction sites in Japan are already fully
               | covered by white panels that don't even let you see
               | inside and short-term ones have at least two barriers and
               | lots of signals. While them not being there does not mark
               | "dangerous", I do think them being there could mark them
               | as "extra-safe".
        
               | adamlett wrote:
               | Isn't it oversimplifying it to suggest that all "the
               | market" rewards is low prices? Doesn't the market also
               | sometimes reward quality and timeliness?
        
               | MomoXenosaga wrote:
               | Companies like Action, IKEA and Amazon thrive on low
               | prices and efficiency.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Manufacturing and construction are pretty different
               | segments. When manufacturing, it's very easy to optimize
               | for cost because you know exactly how much material is
               | required and how much time, probably to the second, it
               | takes to process such material into the final form. Even
               | shipping prices are pretty well known and can be
               | optimized for through effective packaging.
               | 
               | Construction isn't like that. Companies aren't cranking
               | out a million buildings a day, so they can't remove every
               | ounce of unnecessary materials; they don't control the
               | environment, making delays a fact of life; they don't
               | control all of the companies and people involved; etc.
               | There's just so much unknown when it comes to
               | construction. Like software, it can be difficult to
               | figure out how much padding to put into estimates. It's a
               | good bit easier when it comes to things like roads, but
               | companies still need to contend with unexpected delays a
               | lot.
        
               | unishark wrote:
               | If you can provide a product with those features at lower
               | cost the market would still reward you.
               | 
               | But yes any description of economics is necessarily a
               | simplification. For example market segments where people
               | intentionally pay more for the exclusivity that comes
               | with being charged more.
        
               | rjzzleep wrote:
               | I think you're right, I went through a E40m construction
               | project once and the leaders kept saying how they have to
               | chose the lowest bidder. But that was actually a
               | convenient lie they did to avoid having to do due
               | diligence on the bidders.
               | 
               | Mid and long term cost actually turned out a lot higher
               | than if they had chosen the better slightly more
               | expensive bids.
        
               | mianas wrote:
               | I've seen this turn out the other way on a road contract
               | near my house. (rural Ireland)
               | 
               | Some Italian construction company underbid, and slightly
               | later went bankrupt after finishing some of the work.
               | They just about missed the contract milestones for
               | payment too, and got nothing out of it. Then, the
               | contract went to someone else who bid, with expected
               | costs adjusted. Think there was an 8-ish month delay.
        
               | rjzzleep wrote:
               | The way I see the successful low bids happen is usually
               | the following:
               | 
               | 1. Submit a low bid for EXACTLY what's written in the RFP
               | 
               | 2. Submit contract delay notifications with contract
               | amendment offers, explaining that the original bid was
               | incorrect and therefore if the amendment is not accepted
               | the project can't continue.
               | 
               | 3. rinse and repeat
               | 
               | No. 2 is basically legal speak to make sure you get
               | paid(or win a lawsuit in the event that you don't) even
               | though you can't continue construction.
               | 
               | It's basically saying, you made a mistake in your
               | original RFP, therefore nobody could have continued the
               | construction anyway and therefore you have to accept my
               | amendment.
               | 
               | Good bidders will actually tell you that your RFP was
               | wrong. As an example in the construction project I was in
               | the main architect requested custom spliced decades
               | outdated Fiber wiring, when I finally got a hold of the
               | wiring company and asked them why didn't just do MTP,
               | they mentioned that a) they mentioned to the architect
               | that the request wiring makes no sense and b) they were
               | not allowed to talk to us(the engineering department)
               | directly. Same happened with the fire protection rules
               | from anything like stair handles to the garage.
               | 
               | That's also why I don't think the Airport delays in
               | Berlin were engineering mistakes but rather gross
               | mismanagement.
               | 
               | Also, while in this whole project there is a lot of
               | physical work that you can't optimize away, a lot of the
               | physical work delays and do-overs were also due to gross
               | mismanagement, which is something the toplevel comment
               | completely ignores in his assessment of the 4 day
               | workweek.
        
               | yodelshady wrote:
               | "get three quotes and take the middle" is a common
               | heuristic in my locale - for any work you're going to be
               | living in, under or on, at any rate.
        
               | corty wrote:
               | I would do some nitpicking here: The market _rewards_ low
               | prices. But the market _punishes_ low quality and
               | untimeliness.
               | 
               | Why do I phrase it this way? Because the only market
               | mechanism is a sale, you either buy or you don't. Low
               | price is visible before a sale, so a new sale is reward
               | for the low price offered. Quality and timeliness are
               | only apparent after a sale, so can only be punished
               | retroactively by not buying again.
               | 
               | The punishment signal is also far weaker than the reward
               | signal, lots of goods are not bought too often and
               | problems get forgotten by customers, alternatives may
               | have their own problems, etc. And prices can be compared
               | objectively for standardized goods, and at least easily
               | for other goods. Quality and timeliness are often in the
               | eye of the beholder, subject to variation. Comparisons in
               | those areas are also systematically prevented by most
               | vendors.
        
               | ehnto wrote:
               | > Why do I phrase it this way? Because the only market
               | mechanism is a sale, you either buy or you don't.
               | 
               | That's not always true. When a rail network gets
               | privatized, the argument is that the market will make
               | sure it's a good service still. But they are usually paid
               | by the government, not the patrons. The commuters vote
               | becomes negligible, and the rail network has every
               | incentive to optimize for a minimum viable network that
               | meets their government set targets while the service gets
               | worse and worse in all other metrics. Seats are shittier,
               | service is less clean, graffiti stacks up, railstock gets
               | rickety etc.
        
               | corty wrote:
               | That railway example is just a plain market failure, and
               | an uncorrectable one at that. Markets only work under
               | certain conditions, very important among those: absence
               | of monopoly, monopsony and limitations that work to the
               | same effects. A privatized rail network is still the only
               | rail network in the country or region, so still a
               | monopoly. If you hack it to bits and split it up too
               | much, it will be useless, connectivity is paramount in
               | that business. If you leave it as a large network (or
               | several large networks) it will be a national or regional
               | monopoly. Having only the government pay is a monopsony.
               | Limiting building new stations and tracks (which the
               | government will have to do at some point, if real estate
               | prices don't) will also prevent competition. So having a
               | functioning rail market is impossible, therefore any
               | argument about market mechanisms involving railways (or
               | roads, water, gas and electricity distribution) is
               | nonsense: Those can never be proper free markets.
        
             | bane wrote:
             | The West seems to target a "skeleton" staff for nearly
             | everything these days. Management theory piles it as a best
             | practice under "just in time delivery", but the reality is
             | that there no longer is the distinction between fully
             | staffed and skeleton.
             | 
             | I spent some time in Belgium a few years ago and was amazed
             | to see that the two people on road projects who turn the
             | "slow/stop" signs to control traffic on single-lanes were
             | replaced with robots. So the EU has managed to figure out
             | how to go under skeleton at least.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, when I was in Japan, there were indeed lots of
             | seemingly "useless" people doing "useless" jobs on similar
             | sized projects.
        
             | varjag wrote:
             | No it's not just that.
             | 
             | The minute we got off the plane in Tokyo we were met by a
             | greeter pointing people to the escalator. Not that you
             | could miss it, that was the only exit.
             | 
             | In the city you could see people guarding potholes. Bus
             | stations (not particularly busy) would have a couple men at
             | each station that would help arrange the passenger luggage:
             | something usually helped by the driver in the West.
             | 
             | Once we took a night stroll in the city, meeting a roadwork
             | on a deserted street. There were 3 men along the fenced dig
             | basically showing us to walk around it.
             | 
             | Can't see any of that sustainable if you pay people full
             | wages.
        
               | gjhh244 wrote:
               | The alternative is to pay people for doing nothing, like
               | many EU countries do. In the end it's not cheaper.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | The US provides EU-level social safety net benefits
               | (healthcare, housing) to the lower classes--via
               | employment in the military, which is in part a stealth
               | jobs program that _both_ major political parties support
               | paying for.
               | 
               | We provide a jobs program for white-collar folks through
               | our excessively-large and exceptionally expensive
               | healthcare system. We pay for whole categories of jobs
               | that don't need to exist and are only adding costs. A
               | double-digit percentage of our healthcare costs are a
               | white-collar jobs program paying people to do _nothing
               | useful whatsoever_ , and we spend a _lot_ on healthcare
               | so even 10% makes it a fairly big program.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | There are similar measures in many EU countries. For
               | example hiring unemployed people to help kids pass
               | particularly busy streets near primary schools.
               | 
               | https://d-pt.ppstatic.pl/k/r/1/6c/83/5b7d5e3b2b9de_p.jpg?
               | 153...
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | That's called welfare, which has an advantage of not
               | masking unemployment. (but to be fair am unsure if people
               | doing traffic cone jobs in Japan are considered employed)
               | 
               | Anyhow my point is it has little to do with system
               | redundancy.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | Welfare / UBI ignores that one of the realities of the
               | human condition is that we are social creatures that have
               | a desire for purpose and utility to those around us, and
               | having that purposes in a society that recognizes us
               | helps give us dignity and a place in society.
               | 
               | It's not important that all jobs are high value, it is
               | important that we as a society have a way to create and
               | recognize purpose for individuals to support their mental
               | and personal wellbeing. While welfare / UBI may ensure
               | they have basic needs met to sustain life, it does
               | nothing to support their mental and personal wellbeing,
               | which is why these systems often results in the creation
               | of delinquent behaviors that are mostly absent in a
               | system like that in Japan.
               | 
               | It may be the the same economically, but socially it is
               | much better to have someone doing an "unnecessary" job
               | that is recognize as valued by society vs simply
               | collecting a check.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | Standing there in place of a traffic cone is not much of
               | a dignity IMO, but it certainly could be cultural.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | There's definitely a cultural element. I made the point
               | that these jobs must be recognized as valuable by society
               | for a reason.
               | 
               | You say they're standing there in place of a traffic
               | cone, Japanese society instead says that they're there to
               | provide a friendly face ensuring safety of passersby
               | around the dangers of construction work. A traffic cone
               | cannot assist someone who has trouble walking to traverse
               | rough ground because of the work being done. A traffic
               | cone doesn't smile or acknowledge your presence.
               | 
               | That sociocultural element is what has value, and as long
               | as it has value, the job is valuable.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | This is why I support forcing the idle rich to work
               | retail or construction. Otherwise their mental well-being
               | will be at risk.
        
               | tjpnz wrote:
               | Does it make sense from an economics standpoint? Perhaps
               | not. But there are benefits to society as a whole. Quite
               | often the people doing those sorts of jobs are getting on
               | in life, if having that job means the person can stay
               | active that could represent a few additional years where
               | they won't be a burden on the health system.
        
               | jason0597 wrote:
               | Honestly, giving people these unproductive jobs seems to
               | me like a way of giving out UBI without people even
               | realising it. Because at the end of the day, these jobs
               | are just UBI. They don't add much to the economy.
        
               | loonster wrote:
               | It promotes a better culture. I would support this system
               | over USA's welfare.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | Why is it unsustainable? The money they take home gets
               | spent thus supporting other people.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | The overhead of employing properly compensated people
               | instead of signage and traffic cones is fairly high,
               | while the work they do is not necessary in any meaningful
               | sense. Which is moot anyway as apparently these folks are
               | paid a pittance.
        
           | Iv wrote:
           | Living in Japan also, the rumor I heard was that these
           | additional workers actually work as a shadow force for
           | political parties during elections.
           | 
           | To circumvent strict donation laws, the idea is that these
           | people will be "lended" as administrative staff and door-
           | knockers during elections, in exchange of juicy contracts.
           | 
           | And let's be real, that linked in [2] does not point to a job
           | that requires automation, a blinking panel is enough. Often I
           | have seen the sad spectacle of one mannequin handling a
           | signal on the end and a human on the other end. It is totally
           | a bullshit job.
        
         | nirui wrote:
         | > Retail workers, factory workers, people who fill in the holes
         | in roads, telephone support people, etc aren't contending with
         | pointless meetings and busy work though. They can't do 40 hours
         | of work in 32 hours by removing some of the hours they're not
         | really working. What they do doesn't compress like that.
         | 
         | It depends.
         | 
         | In China, the tech companies are testing AI telephone support.
         | My banks uses it, JD.com uses it, China UNICOM use it. If you
         | dial to those companies, an AI will take the call and guide you
         | through the process, no human interaction needed. Not only
         | that, some AI will even call you to schedule appointments etc.
         | 
         | Another example is the supermarkets. Almost all supermarket in
         | our city has deployed self-checkout stations, and some of them
         | even laid off almost all but 1 or 2 of their checkout workers.
         | 
         | I assume this trend will eventually expand to other labor
         | types, so the workload of those workers will be lighten as
         | result. (But of course, we can keep the load the same, but laid
         | off unnecessary people instead, which is more likely if the
         | government don't intervene)
        
           | Noos wrote:
           | That doesn't change the principle though; the actual workers
           | need to do 40 hours or even more; it just means there are
           | less of them.
           | 
           | And really, people need to be wary with automation. What
           | people don't realize is that relying on it utterly paralyzes
           | you when it goes down, because its a higher order fault than
           | most staff need to handle.
           | 
           | If the AI telephone support breaks during an update, you've
           | just sidelined your entire operation. If you only have a few
           | checkout employees, and your POS service needs to connect to
           | the internet, and it goes down, you have virtually no one to
           | reply to it.
           | 
           | By reducing headcount you really run the risk of what were
           | tolerant faults becoming critical. My own job has been
           | running on a skeleton crew, and thank god one of us hasn't
           | become sick or left yet. Eventually relying on automation and
           | minimum staffing may bite you hard. A lot of retail stores
           | would be up the creek if the store manager up and quit or was
           | sick for multiple weeks.
        
         | emidln wrote:
         | Another way of looking at it is efficiency hasn't changed and
         | need stays constant, you need 20% more people to do the same
         | work. This is an interesting way of affecting mass employment.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > In tech it's very likely someone going from 5 days to 4 days
         | could still achieve the same amount of actual work. As other
         | commenters have said, many tech workers don't do productive
         | work all the time they're present. Retail workers, factory
         | workers, people who fill in the holes in roads, telephone
         | support people, etc aren't contending with pointless meetings
         | and busy work though. They can't do 40 hours of work in 32
         | hours by removing some of the hours they're not really working.
         | What they do doesn't compress like that.
         | 
         | Indeed, but going to 4 day weeks will require employers to hire
         | more people then to fulfill the same work.
         | 
         | It's absurd that even with all the gains in productivity we're
         | still stuck since decades at the 5x8=40 week. Time to
         | redistribute the producitvity profits towards the workers.
        
         | Chyzwar wrote:
         | It is more like: our people are overworking themselves to death
         | and taking holidays is not socially acceptable. Let's force
         | everyone to work less, and hopefully they will have time to
         | make more babies.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | This is also a curious method for opening more employment and
         | reducing potential income inequality. If a factory needs to
         | produce X things, and each worker produces Y things per hour
         | you will always need X/Y working hours. If workers reduce
         | working hours by 20% then you'll need to hire 20% more workers
         | or improve Y (productivity) by 20%.
         | 
         | If the majority of the economy follows a linear production
         | curve in hours worked, then this opens many jobs. Not a bad
         | deal for a mature economy like JP, but will be interesting to
         | see what un-forseen dynamics emerge.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > In tech it's very likely someone going from 5 days to 4 days
         | could still achieve the same amount of actual work. As other
         | commenters have said, many tech workers don't do productive
         | work all the time they're present.
         | 
         | While someone working a reduced schedule in an office where
         | other people are working a full schedule may be able to set a
         | schedule that misses some of the things they consider
         | nonproductive (and may actually be more productive/hour for
         | doing so), I don't think that actually is likely to scale to
         | the whole office switching schedules. If the people in
         | authority that think that the meetings you feel are
         | nonproductive are essential are still in the same positions of
         | authority, they'll still have the same meetings at least the
         | same share of working hours, though there is a substantial risk
         | that some of them will instead take the same number of hours
         | per calendar week, regardless of the reduction in working
         | hours.
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | _Our country is wealthy enough_
         | 
         | That's really going to depend on the business. Plenty of
         | businesses-- specifically ones with a lot of customer-facing
         | staff-- would not be able to sustain labor cost increases up to
         | 20%.
         | 
         | To take an easy example where I already know the #'s in the US,
         | labor costs at a fast-food restaurant are around 25% of costs.
         | Net profit margins range from 5% up to around 20%, but that top
         | end is for McDonalds, the rest are on that lower end.
         | 
         | Increasing labor costs by 20% means a 5% increase in absolute
         | operating costs. Sure, McDonalds may still run at 15%, but
         | other places that increase for many others would erase
         | profitability.
         | 
         | Even with a McDonalds, those franchises don't go for less than
         | $1million each, often a lot more, and 20% profit on them seems
         | to be about $150,000/year. So an owner is already looking at 7+
         | years to recoup their investment, and that's before accounting
         | for any additional capex costs McDonalds may require when they
         | roll out mandatory renovations.
         | 
         | Certainly there are many more businesses than fast food, so the
         | above equation won't hold for every thing. But any low margin
         | business with moderate customer-facing labor costs won't be
         | able to manage this without raising prices, and then we're just
         | shifting the money around to different piles. In fact as a
         | result of those increased prices, the lower paid workers, while
         | they may be able to work less hours and may work for a business
         | that didn't cut their pay, they're still paying the price for
         | that decision in their overall increase in cost of living.
        
           | namdnay wrote:
           | Keep in mind that if the additional costs are applied to
           | everyone, prices can increase without one restaurant in
           | particular being penalised
           | 
           | Demand is probably slightly elastic, but not that much (there
           | are plenty of restaurants in France, despite very high cost
           | of employment)
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | If we're just talking about restaurants in France, at least
             | part of the higher employment costs are cancelled out--
             | relative to the US-- by not having to tip 20%, so the menu
             | prices can be higher without actually passing all of that
             | increase on to the customer.[1]
             | 
             | As for demand, it is always elastic. A lot of people eat
             | fast food, and a lot of those people are going to be in a
             | position where they're just barely fitting it into they're
             | budget. Raise prices, and they're gone. That's not even
             | getting to the actual elastic part where people actually
             | have the money to decide either way if they're willing to
             | pay at one price but not another-- that bottom group is
             | simply gone.
             | 
             | Also you shouldn't focus just on the one example I chose. I
             | happened to choose a discretionary spending activity
             | because I knew fast food #'s off the top of my head, but
             | the same thing applies to every single business with low
             | margins and moderate labor costs. Even if you were right
             | and every single one of them could raise prices without
             | losing customers, that would also mean that the exact
             | people we're trying to pay a living wage then have
             | significant increases in their cost of living as everything
             | around them raises prices.
             | 
             | [1] France may also not be the best example to compare to
             | the US. Despite staggeringly astronomical wealth inequality
             | in the US, it still has a lower poverty rate than France.
             | Canada would probably be a better example. https://en.wikip
             | edia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentag...
        
               | jpetso wrote:
               | On the other hand, if you work fewer days, there's more
               | time for home cooking :P
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | Careful, that table does not use a unified definition of
               | poverty... so someone making 80USD a day with no health
               | insurance is not considered "poor" in the US
               | 
               | And the French definition of poverty is equally useless,
               | it's just a percentage of the median income
        
           | SilverRed wrote:
           | It doesn't matter as long as all competitors have to do the
           | same. The price of a burger could go up and it wouldn't
           | matter as long as every other burger goes up the same amount.
        
             | arcturus17 wrote:
             | So consumers end up paying more for goods, while salaries
             | remain the same.
             | 
             | Surely you appreciate how that's a problem?
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Don't focus on burgers. That is a specific example. This
             | dynamic would play out with countless other items, raising
             | the cost of living and partially if not fully cancelling
             | out the increased wages of the people we're trying to help.
        
           | deepsun wrote:
           | Low margins are indication of saturated supply. If _everyone_
           | raise their prices, consumers would likely eat that, in my
           | opinion, because people who really count food money usually
           | don't go to restaurants anyway.
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Fast food was what I knew off the top of my head, but this
             | applies to _all_ businesses with low margins and moderate
             | customer-facing labor costs. They can 't all just raise
             | their prices to pay higher labor costs, because then the
             | people getting paid more just have to pay more for
             | everything as well, at least partially if not fully
             | cancelling out the benefits.
             | 
             | Then there's the fact that raising prices will still lose
             | fast food places customers: For every person not buying it
             | because it doesn't fit their budget, there's someone who
             | just barely fits it into their budget that will stop buying
             | it when prices rise.
             | 
             | This isn't theoretical: Companies analyze the price
             | elasticity of their customers and understand roughly how
             | raising prices X% will lose them Y% customers, and the
             | amount of revenue Y customers represent, and whether that
             | is higher or lower than the revenue generated by X. I don't
             | work in the food industry or retail, but I _have_ run that
             | analysis myself in my own field.
             | 
             | I'm all for a living wage, but simply paying low paid
             | workers more & raising prices to cover it is by no means a
             | complete solution. Raising minimum wages is a bandaid
             | solution. (And I'm not saying we shouldn't do that-- only
             | that it's short term, and we need more comprehensive
             | answers)
        
           | ajmadesc wrote:
           | Yeah but why not just have literal slaves and not require
           | that people have health insurance.
           | 
           | The reductive "race to the bottom" can go both directions
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | I'm honestly not sure what you mean by this comment. I used
             | a real world example of businesses with high customer-
             | facing labor costs relative to their net profit margins.
             | 
             | If you're getting into the everyone-deserves-a-living-wage
             | side of things, that's a different conversation, one I tend
             | to agree with, but is much more complex than the current
             | discussion about whether current business could manage this
             | if they operate with low margins and moderate customer-
             | facing labor costs.
        
               | arcturus17 wrote:
               | Excellent retort, I didn't read anything else from your
               | original comment.
               | 
               | The amount of low-effort populistic comments on HN starts
               | to be worrying.
        
               | JetSpiegel wrote:
               | If the business is not sustainable without living wages,
               | it doesn't deserve to exist, just like there's no more
               | chattel slaves picking cotton.
               | 
               | I'm sure the economics of paying for work on plantations
               | also did not add up.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | Then roughly 4,500,000 fast food workers lose their jobs
               | and have no income. As relatively low-skilled workers
               | flooding the labor market, their job prospects are not
               | very good. Many go from poorly paid and over worked to
               | penniless and homeless.
               | 
               | I think these are useful conversations to have, but this
               | is not a problem that submits to easy one-size-fits-all
               | solutions. I'm all for a living wage, but simply raising
               | minimum wages without doing anything else is a short term
               | solution that will bring things back to roughly where
               | they are now over a period of time as prices for people
               | with newly increased hourly pay rise to the point where
               | it is, once again, no longer a living wage. Sure, go
               | ahead and do that anyway, but only if you have other
               | plans in the works to stop that cycle.
               | 
               | As a side not, emotional appeals to slavery do not help
               | promote a reasonable conversation either. Having to work
               | two jobs to make ends meet is a far cry from slavery. We
               | don't need to look far in the world to find people living
               | in conditions that are actually identical to or not far
               | different from _actual_ slavery. A person in the US
               | working a low paying job 60 hours a week that can barely
               | pay there rent or afford unexpected expenses is nowhere
               | close to those conditions, especially when  "barely
               | getting by" in the US still mostly includes the bare
               | bones amenities of living in a modern western country
               | that are significantly better than conditions in many
               | developing nations. Comparisons of this sort simply
               | inflame tensions instead of conversation.
        
         | dr-detroit wrote:
         | We post scarcity now.
        
       | diminish wrote:
       | I wonder if it would boost productivity - to move to a 5-day
       | week, instead of 7 by - abolishing saturday and sunday - We can
       | have 3 days of work - thursday & friday as weekend
        
       | qaid wrote:
       | Hopefully a move like this will help with their declining
       | birthrate problem
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | It's not overtime/overwork that causes declining birthrates in
         | Japan.
        
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