[HN Gopher] Mitochondria may contribute to neurological and psyc...
___________________________________________________________________
Mitochondria may contribute to neurological and psychiatric
disorders: research
Author : LinuxBender
Score : 143 points
Date : 2021-06-20 16:56 UTC (6 hours ago)
(HTM) web link (www.scientificamerican.com)
(TXT) w3m dump (www.scientificamerican.com)
| tgbugs wrote:
| I've had a bias in this direction for quite a while. When
| learning about neurodegenerative diseases back in college over a
| decade ago my conclusion at the time was that something metabolic
| was going on. Nothing else made sense to me as an explanation for
| how symptoms and pathology for a disease could show up after
| 60ish years. At that time I couldn't figure out how to make the
| link though, so it was a leap.
|
| I was in a lab meeting maybe 4 years ago or so and my PI had just
| come back from a conference on Alzheimer's. He reported back that
| groups had started investigating the role of mitochondrial
| dysfunction in the disease and had been able to find that
| lineages with variants in genes related to mitochondria and
| energy homoeostasis were far more likely to have or develop
| Alzheimer's. I haven't kept an eye on progress in that line of
| research, but it is in line with what is being
| reported/speculated here.
|
| Finally, a couple of years ago I ran into the father of someone I
| went to middle school with and I learned that he was a
| biochemist. Somehow the conversation wound around to the
| challenge of understanding neurodegenerative diseases. I asked
| him for his take on a disease that only presents after 60ish
| years. His immediate answer was DNA damage during mitosis. But
| neuron's don't divide. And then it hit me. There IS something
| that is still dividing inside the neurons! It is the
| mitochondria! The other possibility is the astrocytes, the
| microglia, or some other mitotic cell population in the brain,
| but the mitochondria really stand out as fitting both the fact
| the neurons don't divide and the instinct from a veteran
| biochemist that something that takes so long to appear must be
| related to DNA damage.
| amelius wrote:
| > something that takes so long to appear must be related to DNA
| damage
|
| May I ask why? Can't it be some other process that builds up
| over time?
| tgbugs wrote:
| There aren't good candidates for highly non-linear processes
| that can accumulate but take decades to hit some threshold.
| Biological systems are full of homeostatic mechanisms that
| prevent such slow accumulation and if and when they break
| they do so suddenly, so virtually all the other candidates
| don't fit the profile because you expect incidence to be
| distributed evenly as a function of age or occurring early
| (e.g. embryonic lethal).
| pdfernhout wrote:
| Like the article says: ""It's too soon to make any firm
| conclusions about a lot of this stuff, but it sure looks like
| the mitochondria are disrupted in many kids with autism," Frye
| says. "And environmental exposures, especially early on, may be
| programming the mitochondria to have different types of
| respiratory physiology.""
|
| You might find this of interest too from eleven years ago:
| https://drhyman.com/blog/2010/12/09/breakthrough-discovery-o...
| "Let's look more closely at what this new study in The Journal
| of the American Medical Association tells us about
| mitochondrial dysfunction and how this may lead us to new
| methods of treatment--methods similar to the ones I used to
| help reverse Jackson's autism. ... This study forces the
| question: How do children acquire energy deficits that affect
| their whole system, not just the brain? The causes of
| mitochondrial dysfunction are well known, specifically as it
| relates to metabolism and the brain, and I have documented them
| in my books UtraMetabolism and The UltraMind Solution. They
| include environmental toxins(iv)--mercury, lead and persistent
| organic pollutants(v)--latent infections, gluten and allergens
| (which trigger inflammation) sugar and processed foods,(vi) a
| nutrient-depleted diet,(vii) and nutritional
| deficiencies.(viii) These are all potentially treatable and
| reversible causes of mitochondrial dysfunction that have been
| clearly documented. I found all these problems in Jackson, and
| over a period of 2 years we slowly unraveled and treated the
| underlying causes of his energy loss which included gut
| inflammation, mercury, and nutrient deficiencies. Over time,
| the tests for his mitochondrial function and oxidative stress
| (as well as levels of inflammation and nutrient status) all
| normalized. When they became normal, so did Jackson. He went
| from full-blown regressive autism to a normal, bright beautiful
| 6-year-old boy. This is just one story, but if autism can be
| reversed in one child, if there is any possibility of effective
| treatments or a potential cure, it forces us to ask critical
| questions: How did this happen? Can it happen in other
| children? What were the biological patterns found and how were
| they treated?"
|
| And if it applies to young brains, why would it not apply to
| older brains?
| aerovistae wrote:
| To this day I have to stop and think every time to remember which
| is which between mitochondria and midichlorians.
| Baeocystin wrote:
| Easy to remember: Midichlorians are the ones which led to the
| standardization of the computer/music interface.
| seaorg wrote:
| I don't have the time or energy to write a full explanation, but
| my life has been consumed by this topic for the past two years. I
| became very ill after a stressful life event and it became clear
| to me that it involved mitochondria and inflammation, even though
| that was bizarre and inexplicable at first. I have been lost in
| the metabolic rabbit hole ever since. All I can say is that if
| you have a disease that is tangential to this issue, endogenous
| ketones will almost certainly have some kind of effect on your
| symptoms -- for me they are almost a complete cure.
|
| Take it from someone who's whole life has revolved around this
| topic for years: this is a huge deal, it's real. There is a
| medical revolution in the pipes having to do with metabolism and
| inflammation. This article isn't a scam.
| elric wrote:
| There have been all kinds of studies pointing at mitochondrial
| dysfunction for things like migraine and epilepsy; and that a
| ketogenic diet can benefit those disorders. In fact, the
| ketogenic diet was developed specifically to treat epilepsy. It
| does seem to have some other downsides..
|
| Had you told me a decade ago that stress could physically make
| you ill, I would have laughed at you. But having been down that
| road myself, I totally get it. In retrospect, it's weird how
| dismissive people are of this. Platitudes like "it's all in
| your head", while _technically_ true, completely miss the
| point.
|
| I hope something is in the pipes, but I'm skeptical of the
| timeline.
| mordymoop wrote:
| I have recently seen a sincerely incredible improvement in my
| migraines since I started taking supplements such as B
| vitamins, Magnesium and CoQ10 aimed specifically at
| facilitating mitochondrial function and other adjacent
| metabolic processes.
| zain wrote:
| Does "endogenous ketones" just mean following a keto diet? What
| were your symptoms?
| chasebank wrote:
| A quick google suggests 'endogenous ketones' are ketones
| produced from inside the body, as opposed to 'exogenous
| ketones' which are supplemented.
| agumonkey wrote:
| What else have you seen around this topic ? I was reading about
| NAD levels (i'm not even sure it's fully related, my mind is
| fuzzy these days).
| bionhoward wrote:
| Ketones are related to autophagy which de-junks our cells.
| The ketones trigger recycling because they're produced when
| the body runs out of stored sugar. Junk buildup is considered
| a hallmark of ageing in the SENS literature
| agumonkey wrote:
| I'm slightly annoyed about not reading anything beside
| SENS, do you know other groups like that ?
|
| thanks
| ravar wrote:
| I'm going to second this saying that I have similar sequela
| that were massively improved through the ketogenic diet. Also
| if anyone is going to try the ketogenic diet make sure to
| consume excess salt, potassium, and magnesium. Additionally it
| is very difficult to maintain your weight on the keto diet. I
| was only able to go for 6 months before I lost too much weight.
| themgt wrote:
| Yeah I see threads of this sort of argument coming from many
| different angles. I just ran across this paper[1] via a youtube
| review[2] which was mainly focused on diet/nutrition and
| metabolism, but again is looking at mitochondria and possible
| neurological connections. "The continuum of disrupted metabolic
| tempo, mitochondrial substrate congestion, and metabolic
| gridlock toward the development of non-communicable diseases":
|
| _The bioenergetic dysregulation could also prime for the
| emerging of [neurodegenerative disorders] (O'Neill and
| O'Driscoll 2015; Pugazhenthi, Qin, and Reddy 2017).
| Hyperglycemia, obesity and hyperglycemia could induce the
| extracellular amyloid b (Ab) plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau
| protein, neuronal loss, and cognitive dysfunction, while the Ab
| plaques might reciprocally induce [insulin resistance].
| Together with the inflammation and oxidative stress, the
| hyperglycemic-generated advanced glycation end products (AGE)
| are also the critical cause of neurodegeneration (de Nazareth
| 2017; Pugazhenthi, Qin, and Reddy 2017). There is a decrease in
| the brian-derived neuro-trophic factors (BDNF) in both MetS and
| NDDs, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease,
| Parkinson's disease, and depression (Motamedi, Karimi, and
| Jafari 2017). The concurrent mitochondrial dysfunction in
| obesity, T2D, and [insulin resistance] ultimately causes
| cognitive dysfunction (Pugazhenthi, Qin, and Reddy 2017). All
| these interrelated pathophysiologies suggest the common
| pathophysiologies of NCDs and NDDs. Prolonged bioenergetic
| dysregulation thus potentially contribute to cognitive
| dysfunction._
|
| The tldr is you should go through periods of fed and fasted
| state metabolically (what they refer to as "pushing" and
| "pulling" energy into/from your body) - most Americans are
| constantly in the fed/pushing state which leads to metabolic
| dysregulation. Under this paradigm switching to a ketogenic
| diet would help restore metabolic function and lead to more
| time spent in the pulling state (due to lower insulin).
|
| [1]
| https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352475880_The_conti...
| (full text)
|
| [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WthvGKTKOH4
| Magodo wrote:
| > There is a medical revolution in the pipes having to do with
| metabolism and inflammation.
|
| Could you please elaborate and perhaps link relevant
| literature, I've been fascinated with inflammation
| msteffen wrote:
| Just to note, I believe Terry Wahls has been arguing a version of
| this for at least a decade (https://www.amazon.com/Minding-
| Mitochondria-2nd-progressive-...) and has written a diet (the
| Wahls Protocol) directed towards mitochondrial health.
|
| I've been interested in her ideas ever since close family
| contracted an autoimmune disease.
| faeyanpiraat wrote:
| Look for unbiased meta-analyses on this topic. I haven't found
| any evidence that diets can cure or significantly modify MS
| disease progression.
|
| I'm affected by it so believe me if I say that I really wanted
| to find something reassuring, but the evindence is just not
| there.
| DoreenMichele wrote:
| It's good to see a piece talking about both genetic and
| environmental factors in an "and" kind of way rather than an
| "either/or" kind of way.
| ameminator wrote:
| Probably not, but I do hear that they are the power-house of the
| cell.
| treeman79 wrote:
| https://sjogrenssyndromenews.com/2021/05/11/damaged-mitochon...
|
| Brain fog is something I've suffered the last several years.
| Eventually got a diagnosis of autoimmune Sjogrens. Similar to
| Lupus.
|
| A link between mitochondria and autoimmune has been of great
| interest to me as I battle to keep my wits.
| garganzol wrote:
| Did you have a trigger event before onset of a disease?
| Intoxication, infection, hypoxia or the like?
| stevebmark wrote:
| Fluoroquinolone antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin
| are well documented to damage mitochondria, both function and
| their DNA. "Brain fog" is a commonly reported side effect from
| people who are permanently affected by fluoroquinolones. These
| drugs:
|
| - Delete backup mtDNA
|
| - Cause oxidative damage to mitochondria, impairing their
| function
|
| - Impair mitochondrial replication
|
| It makes because fluoroquinolones are designed to block bacterial
| DNA replication by plugging up the enzyme that glues DNA back
| together after it's separated during cell division. mtDNA
| replication is very similar to bacterial replication. They damage
| eukaryotic cells too, likely through a different mechanism.
| jjtheblunt wrote:
| Factual datapoint: my grandmother was on Cipro intermittently
| for years (in Illinois) and was lucid as could be all the way
| to 104, quite amusing too with so many decades of observation.
| londons_explore wrote:
| Don't mitochondria only come from maternal cells?
|
| If the contribution was significant, wouldn't we have seen folk
| tales about "if your mum goes mad, you'll go mad too!". Yet, as
| far as I know, no such tale exists.
| jillswift wrote:
| If you remove all the mitochondria from a brain, it stops
| working. So, maybe they are on to something.
| cgugino wrote:
| Great share; fascinating to see the potential and how this
| greatly expands on the previous role of the mitochondria being
| the powerhouse of the cell.
| neonate wrote:
| https://archive.is/oXonX
| krustyburger wrote:
| I remember playing the Squaresoft RPG Parasite Eve and enjoying
| it despite how silly the mitochondria-oriented premise seemed. It
| would be amusing if it turns out that mitochondria are indeed
| hugely powerful in determining human outcomes.
| falsaberN1 wrote:
| Can't wait to become a karate angel. The game (and the Japanese
| novel of the same name it was based on) mostly went by
| pseudoscience but it was interesting. Then the game added a bit
| more fire and stuff. And then very weird sequels that aren't
| apropos to this discussion. Er, anyway. Imagine the publicity
| if it turns out to retroactively have some scientific basis
| though. Need to check if the author is still alive nowadays.
| alashley wrote:
| Great game, I never finished it, but I've always hoped to find
| something nearly as far-fetched ever since I played it.
| garganzol wrote:
| It looks like a lot of people in this thread experienced the
| effects of mitochondrial dysfunction by themselves.
|
| Here is my 2 cents based on some experience with the topic.
| Autoimmune manifestations may be just a normal reaction of the
| organism to dysfunctional cells on their way to apoptosis.
| Apoptosis occurs when the percentage of broken mitochondria
| reaches a certain threshold. So you get the inflammation. It may
| look like the organism attacks its own tissues by mistake - but
| actually there is a reason.
|
| When the inflammation kicks in, it also affects surrounding
| healthy cells adding insult to the damage. You get some kind of
| progressing encephalopathy that eventually leads to
| neurodegenerative disorders.
|
| A plausible treatment for such condition: inhibit inflammation
| while trying to restore the normal mitochondrial function.
|
| A gentle way to inhibit the inflammation is to use nonsteroidal
| anti-inflammatory drugs such as Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin).
|
| Restoring normal mitochondrial function is considered impossible
| if you have an inherited mutation in mitochondrial DNA (1 in
| 50000 of population). However this is a pretty rare condition
| while the most of mitochondrial manifestations (1 in 5000 of
| population) are acquired from environmental factors such as
| poisons, drugs, infections, nutritional imbalances.
|
| The treatment for such an acquired mitochondrial dysfunction is
| two-fold: 1) eliminate the initial vector (poison, infection etc.
| 2) reverse the damage that occurred in mitochondria.
|
| Infections, drugs and poisons are self-explanatory. The
| nutritional deficit is more intricate. But in case of
| mitochondria, it is basically covered by the Thiamine (B1
| vitamin). The only gotcha is that you won't feel the effect with
| supportive B1 doses like the usual 2 mg per day. You would need
| therapeutic doses and a more bioavailable form for that to work,
| like 300 mg of Benfotiamine per day.
|
| Now once that is covered, you would just stop the progression of
| mitochondrial dysfunction. But that may be not enough if it went
| too far. You might still have the apoptosis, the associated
| constant inflammation and the resulting degeneration.
|
| What you can do to rejuvenate mitochondrial function is to use
| substances like Nicotinamide Riboside (100 mg per day). This is
| an efficient B3 vitamin precursor without the typical side
| effects of Niacin. It restores cell respiration by playing the
| role of an electronic transport in aerobic glycolysis pathway
| (Glucose + Oxygen -> ATP) which occurs in a healthy mitochondria.
| Nicotinamide Riboside is the preferred form of B3 because it also
| plays the role of a mitochondrial growth factor which is a big
| win in case of mitochondrial deficit.
|
| Now once you combine all these methods, you may be onto
| something. By modulating the inflammatory response you win the
| time to restore the mitochondria thus avoiding massive cellular
| apoptosis.
|
| By gradually restoring the mitochondrial aerobic glycolysis
| pathway, you are gradually reducing the associated lactic
| acidosis which also plays a huge negative role in neurological
| diseases. You break the viscous cycle of anaerobic glycolysis
| swapping it with a normal, healthy aerobic pathway.
|
| If the damage to the tissues and nervous system is not too
| substantial, it may be a full recovery given some months of
| therapy.
| frereubu wrote:
| I recommend commenters don't rise to the bait of the headling ("
| _the_ key " is stupid) and respond to the precis instead: "Some
| researchers suspect these bacterial ancestors living within our
| cells may contribute to a wide range of neurological and
| psychiatric disorders."
| ramraj07 wrote:
| Even the precis with an accented e is flawed. This is still
| akin to saying the ALU in the computer CPUs is the key to
| solving all our cybersecurity issues, like in a uselessly
| pedagogical way it might be true but it's mostly bs. The fact
| of the matter is our biological systems and signaling pathways
| evolved with no particular plan in place, so of course various
| components inside a cell play important roles that might not
| sound intuitive to anyone. The mitochondria are very much a
| part of our cell notwithstanding having their own dna, how many
| trillions of generations do you need before you stop pointing
| out that this family member was adopted or something ?
|
| I'm not saying that these pathways should not be studied, but
| it's very annoying that scientists resort to such disingenuous
| messaging not just to the public but also to grant review
| committees. My favorite other outrageous (important, but still
| outrageous) strictly true but kinda bs statements include:
|
| 1. We are more bacteria than ourselves because we have more
| bacterial cells (our cells are 1000x larger so no shit) 2.
| Using only 10% of your brain 3. Your immune system is
| responsible for X 4. Your gut micro biome is responsible for X
|
| (Though 3 and 4 have exceptions like when the autism
| researchers finally conceded that maybe the parents were not
| bsing after all and there's a gut immune connection).
| whatshisface wrote:
| > _This is still akin to saying the ALU in the computer CPUs
| is the key to solving all our cybersecurity issues_
|
| Except for Rowhammer. :)
| faeyanpiraat wrote:
| I second this, don't get discouraged by the other comment
| thread, this is actually an informative piece.
| dang wrote:
| Yes. We've put that in the title above.
| RivieraKid wrote:
| Thanks for this recommendation. I will definitely consider it.
| colechristensen wrote:
| No. (I hate such headlines)
|
| This is the 21st century. There's no one weird trick to being
| healthy, successful, having a high quality anything.
|
| Biological systems are complex and don't have a single variable
| which needs optimizing, they have many, need many, and every
| variable with leverage needs to be thought as a part of a whole.
| nyrulez wrote:
| I think both can be true. While what you say feels holistic and
| true philosophically, in day to day, we cannot control for 1000
| different variables and some things have more of an outsized
| effect than others.
|
| For example if someone wrote "Is Exercise the key to a healthy
| brain", it sure can look click-baity, but in practice it's a
| tried and tested lever to improve brain health. Sure, you can
| say "oh there are 10,000 other things that influence brain
| health and it's a very complex inter-connected system", but you
| miss the fact that not all of those 10,000 things are equally
| deserving of your time or even under your influence. In fact,
| things like exercise or meditation can fall under the "weird
| trick" category.
|
| If focusing on mitochondria's health falls under that "outsized
| effect" category is the thesis of the article and remains to be
| seen if it can be included in the same category as other tried
| and true influential levers.
| lamename wrote:
| You beat me to this thought, but the difference is that
| exercise and high-level lifestyle changes will include
| underlying changes in a million biological factors, including
| mitochondria.
|
| We see this over and over in press releases when new research
| is focused on one mechanism (e.g. mitochondria). To me "weird
| tricks" that capture whole body or lifestyle changes are at
| least worth paying attention to. While "weird tricks" in the
| name of a single biological mechanism are indeed overblown
| (but still worth knowing if you're in to that sort of
| information).
| nyrulez wrote:
| I'd say what lies at top of the food chain of cause and
| effect is simply coming from "availability bias" i.e. we
| give more weight to what we know to be true. Yes some
| things have more downstream effects than others and that's
| where you get your bang for the buck.
|
| Whether mitochondria is just one mechanism or more of an
| over-arching one is what research is all about. For
| example, HRV feels like on obscure metric out of 100s of
| metrics. But it has been shown to now have hundreds of
| mental and physical benefits including longevity, that we
| don't necessarily understand why but it still has risen to
| the top. Same for intermittent fasting and so on. These are
| indeed "weird tricks" in a pretty literal sense but they do
| the job in predictable and often dramatic ways.
| yourabstraction wrote:
| It turns out these "weird tricks" are actually just the
| things our bodies need to operate properly. We evolved moving
| everyday, being outside, eating nutrient dense foods,
| sleeping as much as needed, etc. It's crazy to me to think
| that there are still people who don't think these things
| could have huge systemic effects that impact the entire
| aging/disease process.
| [deleted]
| refactor_master wrote:
| Slightly off-topic: I remember a couple of years ago how
| "hydrogen sulphide may have role in cellular aging" morphed
| into "why sniffing farts is good for you". It's really all or
| nothing with these headlines.
| u8mybrownies wrote:
| Yes but this isn't just facts about a brain, it's an _article_
| about facts of the brain and it wouldn't be #1 on HN without a
| short, intuitive, attractive title.
|
| If the title listed 1,000 weighted parameters in the question
| it would be utterly unusable.
| whatshisface wrote:
| Every part of your molecular biology is there for a reason.
| They're all necessary conditions for health. You take out the
| the mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, the microtubules, some
| random protein that regulates membrane permeability, it doesn't
| work anymore. There isn't a part of your cellular biology which
| isn't important for a healthy brain. Your cells don't have
| infotainment systems, and if they did they'd be like the ones
| in a modern car that also unlock the doors and start the
| engine.
|
| (Edited to correct terminology)
| hollerith wrote:
| OK, but "microbiology" doesn't mean what you think it means.
| (It is the study of microbes, i.e., very small independent
| life forms.) "Molecular biology" though would fit right in to
| your comment.
| torh wrote:
| Spot on.
|
| Yet, people love "one trick" wonder -- just go on YouTube and
| search for "golf swing" or "lose fat", it's so easy you don't
| even have to leave the house.
| wyager wrote:
| It's possible there are kolmogorov-simple optimizations that
| are evolutionarily complex, like the supplementation of a non-
| synthesizable metabolite. We've made plenty of discoveries like
| this in the past, such as with various mineral deficiencies. It
| seems like we've exhausted most of those, but there might be
| similar optimizations, such as not poisoning ourselves with
| microplastics or whatever.
| lcnmrn wrote:
| Crazy idea: what if we can use mRNA or any other tech to make
| old blood young again by changing the chemical composition? The
| rest of the body follows along, it's proven.
| dang wrote:
| Ok, but please don't respond to just the headline. That just
| perpetuates the shallowness.
| f6v wrote:
| Yeah you'll rather blow your brains out than try to understand
| the totality of feedback loops in our bodies. The thing with
| biology is that you can always try to nudge one subsystem to
| fix something, but then there's the next and the next, ad
| infinitum.
| drchickensalad wrote:
| Except it's not ad infinitum. It's ad constant, where
| constant is sufficiently frustrating for a few generations.
| Technology always gets there
| nyrulez wrote:
| This is indeed a big assumption. We have been able to
| create new systems from technology but are humans capable
| of reverse engineer complex biological systems or emulate
| them effectively is a complete unknown. For example, there
| are few groups trying to simulate a single cell for
| decades, and we are still extremely nascent in our ability
| to do so.
|
| It is possible that there are many facets of reality that
| are simply outside the comprehension of human brain. In
| fact, is is likely that most reality is outside our
| comprehension.
| cameronh90 wrote:
| "We have been able to create new land-based vehicles from
| technology but whether humans capable of heavier than air
| flight like birds is a complete unknown.
|
| It's possible that there are many facets of flight that
| are simply outside of the comprehension of human brain."
|
| You could make this exact same argument for all
| technology until it's discovered.
| Smithalicious wrote:
| Just because it's always worked in the past doesn't mean
| it will always work in the future. I've actually spent
| some time thinking about this in the past - a big hidden
| assumption of science is that everything is knowable,
| which we know is not _strictly_ true, and I 'm not
| entirely confident that it's even _approximately_ true.
| tsimionescu wrote:
| Yes, and you'd be right to do so. Most technology that we
| can imagine will not exist within our lifetimes. People
| have been dreaming of flying apparatuses since the dawn
| of mankind, and we only built one in 1900, probably more
| than six thousand years since we first imagined the idea.
| agumonkey wrote:
| Thing is, mitochondrial, AFAICR, has never been the main focus
| before. So it's still a bit useful to be able to review it for
| the mainstream.
|
| That said, +1 for holistic approach.
| TX0098812 wrote:
| "Hacker news commenters hate him!"
| phreack wrote:
| Such a headline almost reads like a joke. "Is blood the key to
| a healthy brain?" would also read as funny. Are neurons? Lungs?
| DNA? I understand the article is insightful but the tragedy of
| click bait headlines strikes again.
| EGreg wrote:
| So, Betteridge strikes again?
| [deleted]
| LoveMortuus wrote:
| The following is sarcasm: My shaman drilled a hole in my head
| and now all of my headaches are gone, just like magic!
| grawprog wrote:
| Not just within the body. Life itself is layers upon layers of
| interconnected systems from a micro to a macro to a global
| level.
|
| Humans have a very surface level understanding of the our
| internal systems that make our bodies work, we know next to
| nothing about most of the ecological and environmental systems
| we also rely on. Everything from our external environments, to
| the things that enter our bodies to all the things that live in
| and on our bodies, all the things play a part in our health and
| functioning.
| papito wrote:
| At this point, I would be starting every morning by consuming
| about four dozen foods, beverages, and vitamins that will
| allegedly make me a perfectly healthy human.
| bogota wrote:
| Not to mention most of them contradict each other. I have
| completely given up on trying to figure out what is healthy
| beyond trying to get fruit, vegetables, and not too much fat in
| my food.
|
| Anything beyond that seems to devolve into a never ending pile
| of research and sudo research.
___________________________________________________________________
(page generated 2021-06-20 23:00 UTC)