[HN Gopher] U.S. senators propose 25% tax credit for semiconduct...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       U.S. senators propose 25% tax credit for semiconductor
       manufacturing
        
       Author : elorant
       Score  : 251 points
       Date   : 2021-06-19 15:20 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | The government should not be throwing money at the world's
       | richest companies. Intel, Apple, Nvidia, AMD, IBM etc can all
       | afford to do this without my assistance.
        
         | georgeburdell wrote:
         | Only the first company on the list owns enough semiconductor
         | equipment for this proposed legislation to matter.
        
         | GoOnThenDoTell wrote:
         | But would they choose to build in the US without the enticement
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | If the problem is that Asian governments subsidize the fabs,
           | the answer is not to match their subsidies. The answer is to
           | tax imports to even the score.
        
       | underseacables wrote:
       | After years and years of pushing American manufacturing overseas,
       | suddenly Congress wants to entice them back with a tax credit.
       | Why not just lower the tax rate for corporations altogether, or
       | better, close the loopholes that allow them to offshore their
       | profits. Tax credits seem to be a a short term, ersatz panacea.
        
         | 1e-9 wrote:
         | Because politicians have realized that semiconductor
         | manufacturing capability is especially critical to our national
         | security and prosperity. Having the bulk of it located overseas
         | is risky during a time of war and potentially provides
         | unacceptable economic leverage to others during a time of
         | peace. It's the same reason why we have massive farm subsidies.
         | 
         | A lower tax rate for corporations altogether would also
         | incentivize the relocation of noncrucial capability. Limiting
         | the incentive to critical capability is less expensive.
        
         | XIVMagnus wrote:
         | I've noticed that the U.S. government usually only fixes issues
         | in a short term mindset.. Same way they only gave stimulus
         | checks and unemployment for a temporary time. I wish they would
         | start working on long term solutions instead.
        
           | kingaillas wrote:
           | >U.S. government usually only fixes issues in a short term
           | mindset
           | 
           | That's part of the problem - Representatives get elected
           | every 2 years so they have a short term mindset.
           | 
           | But, the government isn't the only player here. U.S.
           | Corporations hold some amount of responsibility for moving
           | production overseas.
           | 
           | Corporations have even a shorter mindset - they need
           | quarterly numbers to look good for Wall Street, so they don't
           | think much past 3 months!
        
           | frankbreetz wrote:
           | They only gave temporary unemployment and stimulus because
           | the pandemic was temporary
        
             | cj wrote:
             | One could argue that there could be a permanent structure
             | (safety net) in place that sufficiently handles incidents,
             | such as temporary mass unemployment, without the need to
             | hastily scramble together and spin up stimulus programs
             | like PPP and direct checks to everyone.
        
             | Rapzid wrote:
             | Sure but even then it was single checks to individuals when
             | even Mnuchin was advocating for reoccurring payments.
        
           | specialist wrote:
           | Yes and:
           | 
           | Govt has become increasingly risk adverse. Any proactive
           | misstep is ruthlessly pilliored. So we're left with cycles of
           | neglect, crisis, and oversteer.
           | 
           | Just one example: Michael Lewis' latest book Premonition
           | details how the CDC went from proactive to hyper risk
           | adverse. And we've just seen how that played out.
        
           | sdenton4 wrote:
           | Good luck with that. The process at the national level is
           | completely broken, so nothing substantial gets passed but
           | budget reconciliations.
        
             | datameta wrote:
             | Pointing out a machine in disrepair to those who are
             | looking at it does nothing to fix it.
        
           | kwdc wrote:
           | Governments and organizarions in general tend to also operate
           | knee-jerk style as well. Its almost like there's a threshold
           | that must be exceeded until a need for change appears
           | necessary. That threshold could be lives lost, money lost,
           | significant opportunities lost etc.
        
         | syshum wrote:
         | Right now that would be politically untenable as majority in
         | the House and Senate have the position that Corporations are
         | evil and do not pay their fair share(tm), they are actively
         | working on rolling back Corporate tax cuts from previous
         | administration.
         | 
         | Further there is a large amount of political power that is
         | openly hostile to manufacturing believing the US should move
         | beyond manufacturing as it is seen as "dirty" and not viable
         | instead they put their stock in the "service" and "information"
         | economies which have yet to prove their viability absent a
         | strong mfg base.
         | 
         | In the short term given all the news about chip shortages being
         | a national security and economic security issue many
         | politicians will look the other way for a small concession to a
         | critical industry but still remain openly hostile to
         | manufacturing in general
        
         | fennecfoxen wrote:
         | > Why not just lower the tax rate for corporations altogether
         | 
         | And use market pricing mechanisms? To what end? An efficient
         | market? You madman! How will we be able to consolidate our
         | power and command hefty campaign contributions if we cannot
         | pick winners and losers, rewarding our supporters while meting
         | out punishment to those who dare oppose us?
         | 
         | If we go down this road, moreover, we might then have to admit
         | that, besides taxes, our regulations and our multi-decade
         | environmental reviews are there to cause problems, not just to
         | solve them -- that safety, pollution, justice, are all well and
         | good themselves, but even more importantly, they are tools for
         | us to express political favor and disfavor, to bend society to
         | our will, and our advantage.
         | 
         | No. We must feed the machine. Shakedowns today, shakedowns
         | tomorrow; shakedowns forever.
        
           | ajmadesc wrote:
           | Yeah but how does a society deal with negative externalities
           | like poisoning the water table, ecosystem destruction etc
        
             | EarthLaunch wrote:
             | One way is making the areas damaged into property. If you
             | own land, you generally don't want it polluted because it
             | would lower the value. In those examples, make the water
             | table and ecosystems into something people can own in
             | portions. This is done with "views" that skyscrapers would
             | otherwise block.
             | 
             | Should be done with orbits to prevent space debris.
             | 
             | The trouble is it seems impossible to turn certain
             | externalities into property. It would require hard thinking
             | and innovation. And just like regulations, it would lag
             | behind industry and miss unknowns (lead, micro plastics).
        
           | treeman79 wrote:
           | Oh my, next people will do basic research
           | (https://www.amazon.com/Basic-Economics-Thomas-
           | Sowell/dp/0465... ) and start making sane decisions.
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | Offshoring profits is not related to manufacturing offshore.
        
           | ketzo wrote:
           | I mean, not currently, but you could _make_ them related with
           | legislation. Which is kind of the idea of this tax credit in
           | the first place, I guess.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | > _After years and years of pushing American manufacturing
         | overseas, suddenly Congress_
         | 
         | How has Congress pushed American manufacturing overseas...?
         | 
         | Manufacturing has moved overseas simply because labor is
         | cheaper abroad. Congress didn't have to push anything. It's
         | just natural economics at work.
         | 
         | At most you could say Congress has been part of reducing
         | tarriffs and promoting free trade, which makes everybody
         | involved wealthier. But that's no "push". It's just letting the
         | free market do its job.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | Manufacturing hasn't even moved overseas! It hasn't even
           | really moved to Canada or Mexico either. The US manufacturing
           | base has tripled since NAFTA.
        
           | matwood wrote:
           | Labor is only one part. The externalities are cheaper to deal
           | with/pawn off overseas.
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | Arguably, Congress made/authorized the trade deals which were
           | designed to move manufacturing over seas.
           | 
           | There was a theory that US firms would sell higher end goods
           | and services to developing nations who did the manufacturing.
           | Treaties were made with countries that occasionally had
           | asymmetric tariffs in favor of the developing nations
           | (Columbia had such a deal) based on this theory.
           | 
           | While debatable, the belief now is that the majority of those
           | service jobs were actually worse than the old manufacturing
           | jobs which provided stable 9-5 employment, benefits, and a
           | career path. There is further concern that trading partners
           | who took up the manufacturing side of things are now
           | developing and exporting the supposedly advanced services and
           | technology companies the "knowledge economy" was meant to
           | provide (e.g. TikTok). In the case of some industries like
           | semiconductor manufacturing it's also posing existential
           | national security questions.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | I haven't heard of this so I'd like to learn more.
             | 
             | Do you have some sources you can point me to? I've studied
             | economics and history quite a lot and have never heard of
             | the idea that Congress _intended_ to migrate manufacturing
             | jobs to service jobs, or that the US would intentionally
             | give another country an advantage in order to achieve this.
             | What is the name of the Columbia deal you 're referring to?
             | And is there any specific time period or administration
             | you're describing? Or economists whose views provided the
             | theoretical underpinning of why shifting from manufacturing
             | to services would be desirable national policy?
        
         | dantheman wrote:
         | How about not taxing offshore profits, and allow them to bring
         | that cash back to the US and lower taxes overall.
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | Because then you end up in situations where all of your
           | patents are held by a subsidiary in the Cayman Islands and
           | 100% of their domestic sales happen to go to paying off the
           | patent license fees.
        
             | koheripbal wrote:
             | Then, frankly, we should just incorporate the Cayman
             | Islands into the USA
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | I mean, the US Government just suggested a new taxation
               | at the G7 to prevent this. The EU and US (and UK) are
               | going to fix the issue. But it will probably take a few
               | years.
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | The British might object to that...
        
             | duped wrote:
             | Tax the foreign company on their revenue within the United
             | States then.
        
             | nickff wrote:
             | We're already in that situation, and the USA could use a
             | re-capitalization.
        
           | dclowd9901 wrote:
           | How does that help the US, as a country, at all?
        
         | gnarbarian wrote:
         | Because Trump did that. And as we all know anything that Trump
         | did has to be wrong.
        
         | 23B1 wrote:
         | You're not wrong, but I'm guessing there's some motivation
         | right now to accelerate this given the amount of time it might
         | take to stand up the manufacturing capability.
        
         | darth_avocado wrote:
         | Simple, lower tax rate doesn't Guarantee industrial investment.
         | It can lead to bunch of things like share buybacks, higher CEO
         | pays etc. However, targeted tax breaks can help guarantee
         | industrial investments.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > Why not just lower the tax rate for corporations altogether
         | 
         | You're assuming it's true that manufacturing has moved overseas
         | because of tax rates. Remember that it used to be blamed on
         | labor costs.
         | 
         | All those arguments suit the arguers, who don't want to pay
         | taxes or wages. There are many reasons, including that
         | Americans can have better paying jobs than what they did 50
         | years ago.
         | 
         | Another issue is that Americans have to pay for things, and if
         | the corporate tax rates are lowered (they are already pretty
         | low), then other people have to pay a greater share. Who?
        
         | dv_dt wrote:
         | Having a more even internal tax treatment with a minimum
         | corporate tax baseline was discussed at the G7.
        
         | alexashka wrote:
         | Because this is the easiest way.
         | 
         | It's like adding extra code as opposed to changing code within
         | a spaghetti codebase.
         | 
         | Make no mistake, politics is a giant spaghetti codebase no
         | politician really understands.
        
         | duped wrote:
         | It requires significantly less political capital to create a
         | new tax cut or subsidy than to raise taxes or allocate new
         | spending directly.
         | 
         | Furthermore American tax policy w.r.t foreign profits is a
         | rounding error when it comes to building up semiconductor
         | manufacturing infrastructure.
         | 
         | No American company is happy they have to go to China or Taiwan
         | to tape out a new design. There simply isn't the infrastructure
         | to do it affordably on this side of the Pacific, unless it has
         | critical technologies that cannot be offshored for fear of
         | industrial espionage.
        
           | whakim wrote:
           | > It requires significantly less political capital to create
           | a new tax cut or subsidy than to raise taxes or allocate new
           | spending directly.
           | 
           | This is an incredibly important point, and one that I wish
           | would come up more often. The reason that the US tax code is
           | such a cluster@%&$ is because we insist (for reasons of
           | politics) on conducting our fiscal policy almost entirely
           | through the tax code, rather than just, you know, _spending
           | money directly_ on the stuff we want to invest in.
        
           | xwolfi wrote:
           | But something nobody talks about are the sacrifices the
           | population has to do to churn those things out of factories
           | at the same scale as nations desperate to rebuild and feed
           | their people. China succeeded because they went all in, their
           | factory employees are still told today they have to sacrifice
           | their youth to the nation.
           | 
           | Will american factory workers work the same way ? Will you
           | proudly join a factory and start building stuff, at the cost
           | of your health?
           | 
           | The solution, long term, can only come from China changing
           | their mindset somehow, and then the next few places taking
           | over the gap (I suppose Africa one day will wake up, India is
           | starting a bit)
           | 
           | Also, even if America start pulling out, this doesn't make
           | their products automatically superior. Taiwan especially
           | showed they can outpace in execution, maybe in design and
           | even if the US stop buying there, now Taiwan itself can
           | compete and lead where the US will follow: is it better to be
           | independent on bad design or co dependent on good ones ?
        
             | duped wrote:
             | Semiconductor fabrication is almost entirely automated and
             | any new fabs in the US will be on the cutting edge of new
             | automation technologies, so I don't think there will be
             | quite so many workers involved.
             | 
             | It's also rather specialized labor.
        
         | anonuser123456 wrote:
         | Why not just eliminate taxes on corporations all together?
         | Corporations are _groups_ of people cooperating. If you want to
         | make up revenue, tax individual capital gains / dividends as
         | ordinary income.
         | 
         | This removes the distortionary effects of taxation on
         | corporations, but maintains tax revenues in a somewhat
         | progressive structure.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | _Corporations are _groups_ of people cooperating._
           | 
           | That doesn't change anything about why corporations should be
           | taxed, unless you also believe that individual people should
           | _not_ be taxed either. Because after all the company is only
           | people so it should be taxed because it 's people that we
           | tax. To break it down into pieces:
           | 
           | 1) Corporation are made up of people.
           | 
           | 2) The money those people receive directly from the company
           | is taxed
           | 
           | 3) The money received by the company is _also_ received by
           | people because the company is, after all, only a group of
           | people.
           | 
           | 4) Since money held by the company is also just people's
           | money, and people's money is taxed, the company's money
           | should be also be taxed.
           | 
           | Why should money received by an individual be taxed but when
           | it's pooled & received by a group of people it remains
           | untaxed?
           | 
           | I actually know the next response in this chain: If it's
           | taxed at the corporate level and then given to individual
           | people who are also taxed, it has been double taxed. There's
           | an easy solution to that: The company shouldn't hold on to
           | the money long enough to have it taxed. Keep giving it back
           | to people, pay higher salaries, or invest in R&D.
           | 
           | In that way, it's not even a tax on profits as much as it's a
           | penalty for keeping the money stagnant. By keeping it
           | stagnant you keep it from contributing further to the economy
           | and from receiving enough taxes from individual taxation to
           | pay for all of the infrastructure & other services provided
           | by the government.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | A zero corporate tax rate would highly disincentivise
           | corporate reinvesting into things like capex for expansion or
           | R&D. Right now if they don't plow money back into such things
           | then they would have to book it as profit and pay taxes on
           | it. Zero tax rates would remove that incentive. If there were
           | no taxes on them at all then it would just sit there as
           | people at the top find even more creative ways to give it to
           | themselves while still avoiding a lot of personal taxes.
           | 
           | There's also the fact that corporations are only made
           | possible in the first places because of the infrastructure
           | and services provided by the government, and those must be
           | paid for. If we moved to a model where companies were
           | responsible to building and maintaining the proportion. Of
           | infrastructure resources they used then indirect funding of
           | such things via taxes would be required as much.
        
             | anonuser123456 wrote:
             | >A zero corporate tax rate would highly disincentivise
             | corporate reinvesting into things like capex for expansion
             | or R&D
             | 
             | This is simply not true. The investment equilibrium would
             | change in favor of less investment in _lower_ return
             | expenditures. Corporate managers would likely distribute
             | more capital, which would then be reallocated efficiently
             | in the market. The only hitch here is that the government
             | would likely collect higher tax receipts, and thus lower
             | total investment. But that's an argument for lowering the
             | tax rate on investment income, not creating bad incentives
             | for corporate managers to spend money with a lower marginal
             | rate of return than their core business.
             | 
             | >There's also the fact that corporations are only made
             | possible in the first places because of the infrastructure
             | and services provided by the government, and those must be
             | paid for.
             | 
             | Corporations pay property taxes, use taxes and payroll
             | taxes already (e.g. truckers pay gas taxes, and that's
             | reflected in retain prices etc). And since the proposal is
             | for revenue neutrality, the delta revenue is still
             | collected on the distribution end.
             | 
             | >Of infrastructure resources they used then indirect
             | funding of such things via taxes would be required as much.
             | 
             | You can simply look at the budget. The vast majority of
             | government spending is on income transfers, administrative
             | expenses for social programs and jobs programs (the largest
             | of which is bombing people in foreign countries). A very
             | tiny sliver is infrastructure that corporations use. And as
             | pointed out above, most of that can be paid for via use
             | taxes they already pay.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | Your viewpoint is fairly well contradicted by recent
               | experience with corporate tax cuts that were not
               | reinvested back into the company and were instead used
               | for massive stock buy backs that gave the money to
               | investors and upper management with their own shares to
               | sell back into the rising prices, which is what I said
               | happens with zero tax rates. Do you think if they went
               | even lower that would change?
               | 
               | The use taxes you're referring to are mostly going to
               | state-level entities and state infrastructure. They're
               | not going to pay for the federal resources, and I
               | mentioned services, not just infrastructure. Heck, the
               | amount of resources they use in government legal
               | services, courts etc alone are significant costs that
               | companies pay practically nothing but miniscule filing
               | fees to use. Further, even those state level taxes are
               | often minimal in the race to the bottom of states giving
               | massive tax cuts that negate much of the revenue for the
               | sources you mention.
               | 
               | As for annual spending on infrastructure: yes, that is at
               | least partially right and is exactly why we have an
               | infrastructure crisis in the country with aging
               | facilities, bridges, etc and no money to pay for it.
               | Whatever companies are paying in use taxes, it's
               | certainly not enough to keep pace with our needs. Are you
               | an advocate for use taxes, or was that just a rhetorical
               | device? Because if you really believe they are
               | appropriately paying use tax, and given the
               | infrastructure crisis, you should be all for increases to
               | those use taxes.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | cj wrote:
             | > A zero corporate tax rate would highly disincentivise
             | corporate reinvesting into things like capex for expansion
             | or R&D.
             | 
             | Valid point, but are there other ways to incentivize
             | companies to reinvest profits without the incentive being
             | tax avoidance?
             | 
             | I would be a proponent of 0% tax on small-ish corporations,
             | perhaps with profits under $1 million (or maybe $5-10
             | million), so that small businesses who can't afford an army
             | of accountants to hide profits are brought up to a slightly
             | more level playing field with bigger corps.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | The problem with taxing based on profits is they can be
               | obfuscated in too many ways. I'm not opposed to what
               | you're saying in theory, but I think there would need to
               | be massive changes to the tax code to make that work.
        
             | ajmadesc wrote:
             | spending on RnD is equally incentivised. RnD increases
             | share price which would tax free increase net worth.
             | 
             | >find even more creative ways to give it to themselves
             | 
             | This is not a good argument.
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | Acknowledging real behavior is not a good argument?
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | > _This is not a good argument._
               | 
               | That is not a good rebuttal, it ads nothing to the
               | conversation except to say "I disagree" in a slightly
               | more adversarial tone.
               | 
               | It need more explanation: Is it a bad argument because
               | you think giving it to themselves is okay?
               | 
               | Or is it a bad argument because you don't think that
               | would happen?
               | 
               | If it's the later, recent events show you're incorrect:
               | corporate tax reductions were used in stock buybacks that
               | significantly benefited upper management by selling their
               | own stock back into the stock price increases.
               | 
               | And clearly R&D was not incentivised under those tax
               | reductions. Also R&D is a long term investment. There's
               | no reason to believe the short term thinking that often
               | governs corporate decisions wouldn't also win out here.
               | Companies that try value R&D would continue, and those
               | using it simply to avoid taxes would reduce or stop
               | investing in it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | > Corporations are _groups_ of people cooperating
           | 
           | With limited liability.
        
         | crispyambulance wrote:
         | > After years and years of pushing American manufacturing
         | overseas, suddenly Congress wants to entice them back with a
         | tax credit.
         | 
         | It wasn't "Congress" behind the push to outsource everything to
         | the point where many once mighty American corporations have
         | become little more than a veneer of supply-chain specialists,
         | the C-level suite and their finance finaglers. This was done
         | deliberately and systematically by corporate leadership and
         | driven by greed. I suppose some might attribute the root-cause
         | to the rise of neoliberalism and the globalization of the
         | economy. Whatever it was, it took decades to unfold and it will
         | take decades to reverse (if that's even possible).
         | 
         | Congress won't be able to fix this mess by giving away a few
         | freebies to rich, powerful, and profoundly self-interested
         | corporations. They'll take the money, of course, in whatever
         | form it's given. What they do with that money is literally
         | "their business" and it's not going to serve anyone's interest
         | other than the shareholders.
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | Offshore profits are why it's nearly useless to lower taxes and
         | expect the wealthiest US companies with international holdings
         | to pay more than they already do.
         | 
         | Comparing nominal corporate tax rates between the US and other
         | companies is nearly useless. As things stand now, for every
         | dollar in corporate tax collected the US people pay about $18.
         | 
         | Nominal corporate tax rates have pretty much zero to do with
         | manufacturing moving overseas. That was always about lowering
         | labor and other operating costs.
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | Tax rates have a lot to do with the location of
           | manufacturing; highly automated manufacturing can really
           | minimize the impact of labor rates, and operating costs are
           | frequently lower in the USA. One of the best recent changes
           | made to the tax code was to allow for 100% depreciation of
           | some capital expenditures within one year; reducing corporate
           | tax rates would have the impact of extending this effect.
        
             | imglorp wrote:
             | A global would also reduce the incentive. If it's the same
             | all over, might as well stay home.
             | 
             | https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-
             | policy/2021/06/05/g7-tax-u...
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Are costs like rent & utilities and construction of
             | facilities really much more expensive elsewhere? I can't
             | imagine that a lot of automobile manufacturing would move
             | to Mexico if it cost more to operate. Unless you mean the
             | labor savings more than offset other cost increases?
             | 
             | I completely agree on capex, but changes there mean
             | literally nothing for large multinationals that already pay
             | close to zero taxes already. For me though, running a (very
             | small) business on the side, I took advantage of that
             | myself to make a few big ticket purchases (relative to the
             | scale of the business)
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | an_opabinia wrote:
             | A few products, like GPUs, already have a 25% tariff added
             | to them. Consumers bore 100% of the costs. Nothing changed.
             | They are still being made in China for the foreseeable
             | future.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | andyana wrote:
       | Don't we trash the Chinese for subsidizing their industries?
       | 
       | I'm not against it, but if this helps people, why aren't we doing
       | it for everyone?
        
         | fma wrote:
         | The US subsidizes industries pretty frequently - especially
         | agricultural.
         | 
         | https://www.thebalance.com/farm-subsidies-4173885
         | 
         | The US got sued by Brazil for it.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93United_States_c...
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | Amusing that while there's proposed legislation to punitively tax
       | tech companies and break them up, there's also proposed
       | legislation to have huge tax credits for tech companies.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | Eh, the issues seem largely orthogonal. If anything
         | semiconductor manufacturing subsidies propping up companies
         | that are primarily software driven is an argument for breaking
         | them up not an opposing idea.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | It's the same thing. Breaking up large tech companies will be
           | a golden opportunity for foreign companies to step in and
           | take those positions. Ever wonder if the public support on
           | social media for breaking up the tech companies isn't
           | actually coming from the US?
        
             | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
             | What about reversing acquisitions?
             | 
             | I'd love if the Occulus headset didn't require me to
             | associate a facebook account and send telemetry to Zuck's
             | servers.
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | Which 2 "it"s are being referred to in "It's the same
             | thing"?
        
       | specialist wrote:
       | Public equity.
       | 
       | US Govt should invest (by whatever means) and then retain some
       | reasonable ownership.
       | 
       | Direct action with direct results. Moot the whole taxation
       | culture wars food fight.
       | 
       | Edit: aka sovereign wealth funds. Sorry, brain cramp, forgot the
       | phrase.
        
         | narrator wrote:
         | Maybe they should have some deal where the military gets
         | semiconductors at cost or something. Having politicians messing
         | around with the management decision making will just screw
         | stuff up.
        
       | qbasic_forever wrote:
       | Do any of the big companies that could be enticed to build here
       | actually pay enough taxes to care about a tax break? There are
       | already plenty of ways for them to skirt paying taxes.
        
       | lanevorockz wrote:
       | Too little, too late ? Asia at the moment produces almost
       | everything we consume.
        
       | bbarley wrote:
       | After China annexes Taiwan, we will be much more reliant on other
       | sources of computer chips. Ideally for national defense concerns,
       | these sources should be domestic.
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | TBH it's more of US interest to try to get China into hitting
         | Taiwan instead of China's interest.
        
         | vagrantJin wrote:
         | > National defence concerns
         | 
         | Honest question.
         | 
         | Do US citizens honestly think National Defence os a top
         | priority above all else? If so, why?
         | 
         | The reason I ask is because its quite rare to find any other
         | democratic country, barring Israel, that mentions national
         | defence in almost every discussion about most things
        
           | ajmadesc wrote:
           | Those democracies are protectorates
        
           | alexashka wrote:
           | The greater the military budget, the more you have to justify
           | it.
        
           | Hnrobert42 wrote:
           | Because they don't have to as long as they are under the US
           | defense umbrella.
        
           | analognoise wrote:
           | Above all else? No, but it's definitely a top priority.
        
           | logicalmonster wrote:
           | > Do US citizens honestly think National Defence os a top
           | priority above all else? If so, why?
           | 
           | Ultimately, being able to guarantee that you can defend
           | yourself ensures you can seek out your other values in life,
           | whatever they might be. In fact, I'd argue that many
           | countries have the privilege to not even think about their
           | national defense too much because they rely on American
           | military guarantees for protecting their borders and trade.
           | 
           | Americans certainly do quibble about the size and scale of
           | the American military machine and its role in the world
           | though. This is a very frequent topic of discussion in
           | political discussions with a number of friends.
        
           | Ankaios wrote:
           | Here are results of a poll from last summer that asked
           | American voters about which issues they consider "very
           | important:"
           | 
           | https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2020/08/13/important-
           | is...
           | 
           | "Foreign policy" as a whole was in sixth place, with 57 %
           | saying it was very important.
        
           | Darvokis wrote:
           | Go back a hundred years and "national defense" was just a
           | part of European culture. What's changed is that in the post-
           | World War period, Europe was necessarily domesticated (aside
           | from the UK and France) and made to be solely dependent on
           | the US for all geopolitical and defense needs. The UK
           | absolutely still talks about national defense issues. Germany
           | chooses to ignore the issue because for the past 70 years,
           | the US was tasked with dealing with these pesky minor details
           | and Germany could pretend that any global geopolitical issues
           | could be solved with pacifism and trade deals.
        
           | shepherdjerred wrote:
           | Other democratic countries don't have the influence and power
           | that the United States does (for better or worse).
           | 
           | Consider the Cold War (which really wasn't that long ago)
           | where there was a real possibility of the destruction of the
           | country, or 9/11 where the country banded together to fight a
           | perceived threat. Keeping the United States as a top world
           | power is obviously going to be of interest to Americans, and
           | national defense is a part of that.
        
         | mymanz wrote:
         | Indeed. Many in the military suspect we only have six years
         | before annexation. Many such articles
         | https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/china-could-invade-taiwan...
        
           | javajosh wrote:
           | Yep. Abandoning HK is just the beginning. When the rot gets
           | too bad in an empire the only outcome is fall. Ask Rome, or
           | any of the 100s of lesser empires that have come and gone.
           | The era of Chinese-brand communism, super-charged by free
           | markets (!) and the ruthless use of technology, is upon us.
           | It's a keep-your-mouth-shut-and-you'll-be-fine era, and I for
           | one will not survive in it, and I will mourn the passing of
           | our cultural of praising dissent and whistleblowers and the
           | trouble-makers that, more often than not, contribute far more
           | than anyone else.
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | Purely from a technological standpoint (not humanitarian or
         | geopolitical), I see annexation of Taiwan as a great thing to
         | get US out of it's current laissez faire in Semiconductors, esp
         | Intel. It would be a good wakeup call for Silicon Valley to
         | stop working on Ad-Tech and start semiconductor startups to
         | live up to its legacy dating back to 1970s. I am afraid, it
         | won't be SV doing this, it will be Austin (R&D, currently
         | Apple/Samsung SoC) and Phoenix (Manufacturing - currently,
         | Fab-42 in Ocotillo).
        
           | randomopining wrote:
           | Lol what kind of comment is this.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please keep political and nationalistic flamebait off this
         | site. If you want to make a thoughtful comment about
         | geopolitical risks to semiconductor supply, that's fine.
         | Leading with "After China annexes Taiwan" is trolling--by
         | effect, if not intention: https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all
         | &page=0&prefix=true&sor.... We're trying to avoid that here.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | 88840-8855 wrote:
         | I know you are just trolling, but I still reply:
         | 
         | Past: Mao had the chance to conquer Taiwan, however, the
         | causalties appeared him as too high, hence, this "goal" was
         | never persuaded.
         | 
         | Present: Despite some very loud hardliners wishing for the
         | Chinese invasion of Taiwan, there is currently no indication
         | that China is preparing for it:
         | 
         | "Milley added that he thought China had little intention to
         | take Taiwan by force: There's no reason to do it militarily,
         | and they know that. So, I think the probability is probably
         | low, in the immediate, near-term future."
         | 
         | "The PLA currently lacks the required amphibious lift,
         | logistics, and materiel for a robust cross-Strait invasion and
         | shows no urgency to achieve it," Andrew Erickson, a professor
         | at the US Naval War College"
         | 
         | "https://www.ft.com/content/f68c3fdf-5f3b-4cd3-9fcf-03b7a19ea..
         | .
         | 
         | I know it is boring for many that wish the evil China to do
         | something really evil. But this won't happen, it seems.
        
           | throwaway4good wrote:
           | Agreed. Also in their thinking, they have time on their side,
           | for every year, for every decade, mainland China grows bigger
           | in relative economic terms.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | Wouldn't it be pretty easy for Taiwan to cause irrevocable harm
         | to China?
         | 
         | Why would you assume that they'll just sit around and be
         | conquered?
         | 
         | Hong Kong didn't have a military - and even if they did - they
         | share a border with China.
         | 
         | It wouldn't exactly be a walk in the park for China to get
         | airplanes over Taiwan or to land boats for an invasion.
         | 
         | And if they tried, I can't see the world blaming Taiwan for
         | blowing up the Three Gorges Dam - which for China would be
         | literally catastrophic.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | I am pretty sure that China would lose more trying to take
           | the heavily guarded island than they could ever get back from
           | occupying it afterwards. Unfortunately that's not enough to
           | stop major powers from invading for irrational reasons. If
           | major powers only invaded when they had something to gain,
           | Saddam would still be in office.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | For China, it's an emotional issue. No amount of losses
             | would be to steep once it starts.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > For China, it's an emotional issue. No amount of losses
               | would be to steep once it starts.
               | 
               | That's a negotiating position portrayed by China, the
               | same simplistic one used by lots of people: 'I'm so
               | emotional that you'll just have to back down.'
               | 
               | The risk is that having lit the fire of nationalism among
               | their population (as many people are doing), the
               | resulting forest fire can be hard to contain.
        
               | hayst4ck wrote:
               | I find this statement hard to take. It feels like
               | propaganda to me. Emotional issues are not without
               | context.
               | 
               | Is it being an "emotional" issue more correct than it
               | being an issue of (1) educational indoctrination, (2)
               | explicit media based propaganda, and (3) lack of access
               | to opposing view points? Clearly there is some systemic
               | explanation for people's emotions.
               | 
               | If the Chinese government preached the values of "do unto
               | others as you would have done to you" rather than "we
               | must right the wrongs of the century of embarrassment"
               | would we see this being an "emotional issue." If the
               | issue of Taiwan were cast in the light of "if you were
               | Taiwanese, how would you feel about China?" do you think
               | it would still be an "unstoppable irrational force"? If
               | the Chinese government preached values like tolerance and
               | diversity, do you think the Chinese people would have the
               | stomach for dominating another people?
               | 
               | China, rightfully, was angered by colonial transgression
               | against it, but then wishes to be a colonial power
               | itself, committing the very same evils it faced against
               | less powerful countries. By Chinese standards, it appears
               | that might makes right, so should the world not exercise
               | might against and colonize China, an action that is right
               | under Chinese morality? Or is it a matter of Han
               | Supremacy, where the moral system is built upon the idea
               | of Han superiority and rules for other nations that don't
               | apply to China itself.
               | 
               | How should I feel empathy for "the Chinese people" when
               | from the outside it appears that they wish to dominate
               | another people?
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | > _If Chinese people are so [...]_
               | 
               | This is where you are mistaken, thinking that the
               | characteristics of Chinese people have anything to do
               | with the behavior of the Chinese government.
               | 
               | Edit: it appears that the sentence I was quoting was
               | removed from the parent comment.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | randomopining wrote:
           | CCP has too many missiles. That was their strategy the whole
           | time, overwhelming numbers of short to medium range missiles.
        
             | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
             | What point is conquering a people if you level it to the
             | point that people can live there? It defeats the point of
             | annexation. I guarantee Taiwan has seen that day coming
             | that they've got bunkers galore kind of like Switzerland.
             | Believe it or not, it's a mountainous island.
             | 
             | At best, it'd be a drawn out Afghanistan with a diplomatic
             | sanction frenzy worldwide. China would be painted by global
             | media outlets as evil if they took a total war approach.
             | They'd have to do it like Russia with Crimea or Milosevic
             | in Yugoslavia with paramilitary groups. Everyday the
             | Taiwanese identify less Chinese making it that much harder.
             | 
             | The only thing that will make them do it is if the US and
             | EU are in a weak state and can't be bothered with policing
             | that. Like another depression and global war elsewhere.
        
               | nyokodo wrote:
               | > The only thing that will make them do it is if the US
               | and EU are in a weak state and can't be bothered with
               | policing that.
               | 
               | If that were the case then neither would they be reigning
               | in Japan, Vietnam, the Philippines, South Korea, and
               | India. All Chinese strategic adversaries right on their
               | doorstep. India alone could shut down oil shipments to
               | China that all have to sail close by. Japan's navy is
               | stronger than China's and they have formidable air
               | defenses. China might just spark a regional war which
               | they probably wouldn't win. I hope they're not suicidal
               | enough to test this though.
        
               | hindsightbias wrote:
               | The worlds outrage would last as long as their iPhone
               | supply.
               | 
               | Cook didn't take Trump as a threat enough to justify
               | diversifying his supply chain much, he isn't losing any
               | sleep about Taiwans upcoming annex.
        
           | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
           | It won't happen. It would be like Russia in Afghanistan. The
           | US would funnel supplies through almost all of their Asian
           | allies in the Pacific as well as deploy a UN peacekeeping
           | force much like in the Yugoslav wars.
           | 
           | You can be damn sure that an American politician would use
           | that as rhetoric to bring jobs back. I can assure you
           | republicans would leap for this opportunity. It would be the
           | best PR they could ever get.
        
             | ericmay wrote:
             | It would be more than that. The U.S. would actively attack
             | Chinese forces attempting to invade Taiwan. There is very
             | little doubt about that.
        
               | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
               | I highly doubt they'd get involved at that scale. You're
               | talking about a major conflict. One in particular the US
               | would not like to get involved in. The US never even did
               | that with Russia. What makes you think the US would
               | protect Taiwan? US military strategy for the allied Asian
               | countries has always been "treat them as a buffer" and
               | hasn't changed. If they got involved it would be an
               | international incident seeing as two major nuclear powers
               | are at war. There would enumerable politicians also
               | hesitant to instigate that conflict. The US sat by while
               | Britain was being invaded in WW2 and needed ridiculous
               | political cozying up to even get troops over to the front
               | in WWI. Why would they stick their necks out for Taiwan?
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | Because the U.S. of 2021 is a vastly different country on
               | the international stage than it was in 1939, let alone
               | 1916.
               | 
               | The U.S. barely had standing armies for either of those
               | wars and a _highly_ no-involvement mindset that came
               | directly from the sentiments of the American population.
               | 
               | Flash forward to today. Why do you think the U.S. has ~ a
               | dozen aircraft carriers if not to defend its interests?
               | 
               | The U.S. would absolutely go to war with China over
               | Taiwan. For better or worse. Ground troops? Highly
               | unlikely. Air and naval assets? Yea no doubt about that.
               | 
               | The U.S. interactions with the Soviet Union are
               | interesting but it's just not quite the same. Had the
               | Soviet Union attacked, directly, a key U.S. ally then the
               | U.S. might have simply retaliated with nuclear weapons.
               | Not worth the risk. There isn't a sense that this is how
               | a war with China would progress. A lot has changed.
               | 
               | But overall, there won't be a war unless something
               | catastrophic happens to Chinese leadership (like they get
               | a real Hitler type of figure), because they're not stupid
               | and the status quo works fine for everyone, despite the
               | rhetoric.
        
               | jakeinspace wrote:
               | Taiwan is one of the most important allies the US has
               | against China. I think that a straight-up
               | bombing/invasion of Taiwan would be met with a massive
               | naval response from the 7th fleet (pretty much total war,
               | short of nuclear). China is still at least a decade away
               | from naval superiority, so I don't see why they would
               | tempt fate. They'll simply continue their buildup in the
               | South China Sea, and hope that the US in the meantime
               | weakens or loses interest for political reasons.
        
               | cycrutchfield wrote:
               | > US military strategy for the allied Asian countries has
               | always been "treat them as a buffer"
               | 
               | Is that why there are so many bases and troops in South
               | Korea and Japan? Any invasion of either of those two
               | countries would likely trigger an instant war with the
               | US.
        
             | bpodgursky wrote:
             | Taiwan isn't Afghanistan.
             | 
             | It doesn't have a marital culture. It isn't large. It
             | doesn't have especially rugged or inhospitable terrain. It
             | doesn't have religious fundamentalism. It doesn't have a
             | bottom-heavy population pyramid full of young men willing
             | to fight a decades-long insurgency.
             | 
             | There's not going to be a Taiwanese insurgency after the
             | deed is done. If China takes control of Taipei, the game is
             | over. We need to help Taiwan before it gets to that point.
        
               | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
               | It's Afghanistan in the sense that it's gonna be an
               | attritional war. It's a mountainous island so that
               | signifies a naval invasion which can be spotted very
               | quickly. They may not be prepared but it's not like they
               | wouldn't have time to mobilize.
               | 
               | The PRC has asserted their claim over Taiwan for half a
               | century at this point. The PRC is China and Taiwan has
               | been a part of China for over 100 years. Taiwan is still
               | a government in exile as far as diplomacy is concerned.
               | 
               | Why exactly do we need to get involved? You do realize
               | that it's a declaration of war? How many Americans
               | eligible for the draft do you think right now are going
               | to voluntarily sign up for a fight against China?
               | Especially if it's just for the defense of some small
               | nation like Taiwan? Nobody would be pro draft for what
               | would be another Vietnam but instead is an actual fight
               | against China.
               | 
               | It's not just a matter of "We should." It's very easy for
               | you to say that when you or your children aren't going to
               | fight the Chinese in a war that we most definitely do not
               | need to be involved in.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | > The PRC is China and Taiwan has been a part of China
               | for over 100 years.
               | 
               | I think this is not factually accurate. In the last 100
               | years, Taiwan and Mainland China have been controlled by
               | the same government only between 1945-1949.
               | 
               | China (Qing Dynasty) controlled Taiwan for ~220 years
               | before losing it to Japan. Japan ruled Taiwan for ~50
               | years. RoC ruled both Taiwan and the mainland for ~5
               | years before losing the mainland in the revolution.
               | (Edit: RoC has not ruled the mainland for ~60 years,
               | which is almost twice as it ruled the mainland.)
               | 
               | I think you are correct that no draft would be
               | instituted. We have plenty of military assests that
               | certain people would love to justify the maintenance of
               | so there would absolutely some fighting by US personel on
               | behalf od Taiwan, regardless of how smart or winnable
               | that war would be.
        
             | nairboon wrote:
             | There will never be a UN peacekeeping mission in Taiwan
             | because China will veto it.
        
           | thysultan wrote:
           | HTF(how the fuck) is Taiwan going send missiles beyond its
           | own airspace let alone over China's to blow up the three
           | gorges dam?
           | 
           | If China is serious Taiwan will be encircled with s-400's in
           | little islands(artificial or otherwise) surrounding it before
           | the first shot is ever fired, at which point the conclusion
           | is already a forgone tale.
           | 
           | When it does happen the rest of the world(by which i mean the
           | U.S) will be pre-occupied with domestic issues, cyber space
           | issues and possibly another pandemic.
           | 
           | Not to mention the backdrop of the fact that the U.S
           | launching missiles to China might trigger the MAD doctrine of
           | Russia because missiles heading in that general direction
           | might as well be heading to Russia, or be assumed to be as
           | much.
           | 
           | >"Russia will perceive any ballistic missile launched at its
           | territory as a nuclear attack that warrants a nuclear
           | retaliation" - Russian military chief warned last year after
           | round of reforms
           | 
           | Ergo the U.S president at that time will leave Taiwan out to
           | dry instead of risking World War 3.
           | 
           | We're living in interesting times.
        
             | shkkmo wrote:
             | > Ergo the U.S president at that time will leave Taiwan out
             | to dry instead of risking World War 3.
             | 
             | I don't think (or atleast I hope not) the US would use
             | nuclear weapons to defend Taiwan, but I have a hard time
             | believing that the US wouldn't offer atleast token military
             | resistance. At the very least, the US has a lot of standing
             | to lose with it's many allies accross the globe that would
             | make leaving Taiwan out to dry very costly.
        
               | thysultan wrote:
               | The fact that it need not be nuclear, complicates their
               | possible response because
               | 
               | >"Russia will perceive any ballistic missile launched at
               | its territory as a nuclear attack
               | 
               | and based on recent historical data in ukraine, it's not
               | beyond the states course of action to not do anything of
               | consequential note, and instead opting for token
               | gestures.
        
       | lettergram wrote:
       | Why not just do 25% corporate tax, with a reduction of 5% for
       | every 1/4 of your workforce in the US.
       | 
       | The added taxes from people working in the US more than makes up
       | for the loss in corporate tax. Further, we can then export the
       | goods and make a buck on that.
       | 
       | I really don't get what our gov is doing besides trying to do the
       | worst job possible.
        
         | stdbrouw wrote:
         | This sort of thing is very easily gamed using transfer pricing.
         | There's a worldwide effort to see whether it's possible to tax
         | using some combination of where profits are made, where the
         | workforce is, etc. (OECD BEPS) but you can't "just" introduce a
         | new bit of tax law and hope that it will survive the scrutiny
         | thousands of tax lawyers eager to get their clients to pay as
         | little as possible.
        
         | howmayiannoyyou wrote:
         | Because when you are paying zero (or close to zero) corporate
         | taxes by offshoring your revenue recognition, a 25% rate is a
         | big increase.
        
         | HWR_14 wrote:
         | > The added taxes from people working in the US more than makes
         | up for the loss in corporate tax. Further, we can then export
         | the goods and make a buck on that.
         | 
         | The US government makes zero dollars on exports. And there's no
         | reason to believe that the people working in the US would make
         | up for corporate tax dollars. That logic is frequently thrown
         | around to justify large corporate tax breaks but to the best of
         | my knowledge, no review of the results has shown it to be true.
        
           | Turing_Machine wrote:
           | > The US government makes zero dollars on exports.
           | 
           | The companies that make the exports pay taxes. Their
           | employees pay taxes.
        
             | HWR_14 wrote:
             | > The companies that make the exports pay taxes.
             | 
             | Except this thread is about doing away with those taxes
             | because somehow "exports" make up for it.
             | 
             | > Their employees pay taxes.
             | 
             | Yes, they do. And this person suggests cutting corporate
             | taxes by 5% for every 25% of the the employees located in
             | the US. Do those additional employee dollars pay for the
             | corporate tax cut?
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | Worst job possible? From whose perspective?
         | 
         | The larger corporations and associated financial elite aren't
         | complaining about the current status quo. In fact, by most
         | accounts, it's all working quite well for them.
         | 
         | Based on your observation perhaps the better question is: Who
         | exactly is the gov working for? But perhaps just having to ask
         | that means we already know the answer?
        
         | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
         | Great. I'll just add a minimum wage whatever department to
         | scale up the number of employees.
         | 
         | So create many minimum wage US jobs, and highly paid jobs
         | elsewhere.
         | 
         | Nice!
        
           | vegetablepotpie wrote:
           | You can also just hire them part time so you don't have to
           | pay benefits. Also change their schedules weekly so that the
           | "employees" can't find additional work. That way, whatever
           | taxes you do pay would just pay for EBT and Medicaid, you
           | would have otherwise paid for with higher pay and health
           | coverage had you hired full time.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | How about starting with a 25% tariff on imported consumer
       | electronics? And make it for at least 5 years, so plants get
       | built in the US.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | Isn't that regressive and unfair to everyone but consumer
         | electronics corporations? Force consumers to pay more for
         | consumer electronics, in order to direct more money to specific
         | corporations (and they are uncompetitive corporations).
         | 
         | Perhaps we should invest more in people who will create
         | competitive businesses, such as in education.
        
           | Ericson2314 wrote:
           | It's also regressive to cut taxes on some new privately owned
           | businesses.
           | 
           | The right way to do this stuff is raze wages in Taiwan and
           | Korea. Supply side subsidy race to the bottom when we have an
           | aggregate demand issue is stupid.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | > It's also regressive to cut taxes on some new privately
             | owned businesses.
             | 
             | What does this refer to? Did someone suggest that?
             | 
             | > The right way to do this stuff is raze wages in Taiwan
             | and Korea.
             | 
             | Is it a wage issue? Also, if we education and train
             | American workers, maybe they can have higher paying (and
             | physically and mentally better) jobs than manufacturing.
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | > What does this refer to? Did someone suggest that?
               | 
               | I mean the original propose. Hopefully it's not just
               | Intel and TSMC getting the tax break?
               | 
               | > Is it a wage issue?
               | 
               | Yes, see
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26996090
               | 
               | https://phenomenalworld.org/interviews/trade-wars-are-
               | class-...
               | 
               | https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii125/articles/aaron-
               | benana...
               | 
               | The last is a critique of the book, but one that
               | disagrees about wages being too low in the exporting
               | countries.
               | 
               | > Also, if we educat[e] and train American workers, maybe
               | they can have higher paying (and physically and mentally
               | better) jobs than manufacturing.
               | 
               | Also, manufacturing is fairly automated for quite some
               | times now. Boosting manufacturing to create jobs no
               | longer makes sense, as much as the nostalgics wish it
               | would.
               | 
               | I don't think education is the problem here. The last 10
               | years were a credentials rat race because the labor maket
               | was too slack. That does cause a "skills are going to
               | waste, degrading education" problem, but that's very
               | different.
               | 
               | If we can't boost demand enough without more environment
               | destruction, then we must to cut working hours. (And we
               | should do that anyways.) Either of those will create a
               | genuine need for skills to increase productivity, not
               | just to have the best resume.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > The last 10 years were a credentials rat race because
               | the labor maket was too slack. That does cause a "skills
               | are going to waste, degrading education" problem, but
               | that's very different.
               | 
               | I believe people in the HN demographic perceive a
               | credentials rat race (and perception may or may not be
               | accurate, of course), but my understanding is that for
               | most of the population, higher education became less
               | affordable. Also, I read several times that businesses
               | needed more skilled workers than they could find; in SV,
               | good programmers have a lot of economic power, as one
               | example.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | I wouldn't automatically say 25% as that's pretty steep, but
         | certainly there should be some level of tax on almost
         | everything that gets imported that isn't pure raw material.
        
       | jollybean wrote:
       | If foreign goods are subsidized, the most obvious thing to do
       | would be to raise a levy to the amount of the subsidy, and
       | probably to enact other anti-dumping measures.
       | 
       | To the extent that business was confident those measures would
       | remain in place, the 'free market price' (heavy quotations) may
       | be enough to provide for material investment.
        
       | pydry wrote:
       | It seems that the 90s free trade zealotry from the US is finally
       | dead and buried now that there's a rival out there.
        
       | gjsman-1000 wrote:
       | I have seen some economists say that the best corporate tax
       | would, ironically, be 0% Corporate Tax. Why should we double-tax
       | income with Corporate Tax and then Income Tax when it goes to
       | individuals? Plus, the corporate tax tends to cause all sorts of
       | shenanigans.
       | 
       | And this isn't a radical idea. Both right-wing and left-wing
       | publications (such as The Washington Post) have proposed it.
        
         | anonuser123456 wrote:
         | I would love to see a compelling, good faith argument against
         | the revenue neutral 0% corp tax rate. I've never seen a
         | compelling counter argument.
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | I think double taxation is a fantastic thing, it allows far
         | more granular taxation.
         | 
         | However, I also think we need a land tax, and part of that land
         | tax includes the economic land of intellectual property.
         | 
         | IP is one of the biggest roadblocks for new entrants to the
         | space, which greatly limits expansion of production capacity.
         | This is also very true for things like pharmaceuticals in the
         | developing world. There's a tradeoff to be made between
         | allowing the creators of new economic land to charge rent for
         | the land, and the need to reduce that rent in order to improve
         | economic efficiency.
        
         | HWR_14 wrote:
         | Why is "double-taxation" bad? What act do you think should be
         | taxed where it is being taxed twice?
         | 
         | > The Washington Post) have proposed it.
         | 
         | Leaving aside the idea that a paper owned by the world's
         | richest man (with unrealized billions in gains) is neutral on
         | the topic of taxation can you cite this?
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | Corporate taxes directly impact consumers and employees.
           | Corporations just increase prices or cut costs to manage
           | it... Or, if they are multinational, play accounting
           | shenanigans and choose not to remit money back to the US.
        
           | rsj_hn wrote:
           | > Why is "double-taxation" bad?
           | 
           | It's not that double-taxation is bad but people are claiming
           | that corporate profits aren't taxed or are taxed at very low
           | rates (I've heard people use numbers like 5%) and so need to
           | be taxed more on general fairness grounds. Pointing out that
           | they are already taxed negates that argument.
           | 
           | In general, all "fairness" arguments (this tax is "bad") to
           | taxation are quite awful, because they tend to be made by
           | people who have no idea of what the actual incidence of
           | taxation is. (Really most fairness arguments of any kind are
           | awful and suffer from similar problems about people not
           | understanding the consequences of their proposals and thus
           | not being qualified to decide on what is fair and what is
           | not).
           | 
           | For example the same people enthusiastically argue for taxes
           | on corporations but not sales taxes, when these have the same
           | incidendence and thus are the same tax. The difference is
           | primarily one of shifting the burden of who fills out the
           | paperwork and a lot of marketing.
           | 
           | And that tendency to view taxation on grounds of fairness
           | (e.g. emotion) rather than economic concerns (the ultimate
           | cost of the tax) is what opens the door to massive tweaks of
           | the tax code by various lobbyists. A simpler tax code that
           | treated all sources of income in the same way and did not
           | distinguish between expenditures would be a much better
           | system than we have now. No tax deductions for any purpose
           | and no separate treatment of wage or capital income, or
           | inheritance income, etc. Just put it all into one pile and
           | apply the tax rate for that pile. Similarly consolidate all
           | corporate and sales taxes together into a single VAT that
           | does not distinguish by industry or product type.
           | 
           | Then if the government wants to give money for fab
           | construction (a foolish policy, IMO) they can do that
           | directly. It would be great if we had taboos against tweaking
           | the tax code entirely.
        
       | crb002 wrote:
       | This is in line with State tax credits on large data centers. At
       | least a credit wouldn't favor Intel over AMD. Companies like
       | Tesla, Deere, Ford would abuse the credit shifting as much cost
       | as they can on their unit that manufactures and tests boards.
        
       | throwaway4good wrote:
       | I wonder what the deeper thinking is here.
       | 
       | So right now China consumes most of the world's semiconductors
       | but only produces a modest fraction of them. China is going
       | through a whole of society effort to expand its semiconductor
       | sector in order to not be dependent on anything the US can cut
       | off via sanctions. China will expand its semiconductor sector,
       | regardless whether it is economical feasible, because it is a
       | matter of national security.
       | 
       | The countries that are going to be hurt by these US semiconductor
       | subsidies are going be Taiwan, South Korea, Japan ... not China.
        
         | pretendscholar wrote:
         | >China will expand its semiconductor sector, regardless whether
         | it is economical feasible, because it is a matter of national
         | security.
         | 
         | Isn't that the same justification for U.S. re-shoring of
         | semiconductor manufacturing? Tighter control over security and
         | not being vulnerable to some conflict in the pacific
         | endangering everything from automobiles to cloud services.
         | Today, everything relies on some chip so domestic production
         | reduces vulnerability to fragile global supply chains. Covid-19
         | highlighted that vulnerability so I think both the private and
         | public sectors in the US are looking to do more of all sorts of
         | production at home.
        
           | throwaway4good wrote:
           | It is the same words, but not the same reality: The US's
           | killing of Huawei was a quite real thing compared to some
           | speculations about a future major conflict involving Taiwan
           | or South Korea.
        
         | cartoonworld wrote:
         | >The countries that are going to be hurt by these US
         | semiconductor subsidies are going be Taiwan, South Korea, Japan
         | ... not China.
         | 
         | I think I may agree here, and it gets complicated -- fast.
         | 
         | I suspect you might be referring to larger parts like CPUs, but
         | you should take this excellent opportunity to investigate
         | china's semi industry a bit. China has a very interesting local
         | manufacturing economy of parts and suppliers that is mostly
         | invisible to outside observers.
         | 
         | It's fascinating that in China, there is a totally divergent
         | supply chain to support the cheap consumer electronics
         | industry. Granted, it isn't CPUs. However, they sure are
         | cranking out semis, its just that they never leave China but
         | for inside of another product. The datasheets are all in
         | Chinese, they aren't exported, they serve to support China's
         | unique manufacturing culture.
         | 
         | Here's a previous submission that delves into this: The
         | "terrible" 3 cent MCU - a short survey of sub $0.10
         | microcontrollers https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20686727
         | 
         | You can also check out Dave from EEVblog's 3-cent
         | microcontroller[0] video about the same series of dirt cheap
         | micros.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYhAGnsnO7w
        
           | throwaway4good wrote:
           | This stuff (the 10 cents MCUs) is fantastic but probably an
           | example of something that will never again be produced in the
           | US or Europe.
           | 
           | I was refering to the various statistics you can find on
           | this, and I think they count by monetary value. Because the
           | US, Taiwan, and South Korea sits on the expensive high-value
           | add stuff, they weigh the most.
           | 
           | China has been entering the industry from the lower end, but
           | now after the tech war, they are forced into the higher end,
           | even if it is not economical viable. So together with this
           | made-in-america policy, traditional allies like South Korea
           | and Taiwan are being squeezed.
           | 
           | I personally believe that the tech war will deescalate
           | drastically at some point, but if this continues we are going
           | to end up with a complete parallel world of semiconductors
           | all in Chinese.
        
         | audunw wrote:
         | I don't agree that China won't be hurt by this. China has had
         | some spectacular semiconductor bankruptcies. They've poured
         | billions into companies, giving extravagant salaries to
         | engineers from Taiwan etc., only for the whole thing to go
         | belly up, while the engineers from Taiwan go home to retire on
         | a fat stack of cash.
         | 
         | Sure, they've got SMIC, and they have some decent semiconductor
         | processes, but they're pretty far behind the state of the art.
         | With US ramping up competition, and continuing the pressure
         | that prevents China from gaining access to cutting edge
         | lithography machines, it's really hurting them.
         | 
         | If TSMC can finally start to build some fabs in the US, I don't
         | think it will hurt Taiwan much. There's not much space for more
         | than 3 cutting edge foundry companies, but there's definitely
         | space for TSMC/Taiwan to have some of their fabs outside
         | Taiwan, and doesn't hurt them more than it hurts Intel/US to
         | have some outside the US.
         | 
         | Some Global Foundries foundries wouldn't hurt them much either,
         | since Global Foundries is specialising on low power, and is a
         | bit orthogonal to TSMC/Samsung.
        
         | shkkmo wrote:
         | In an actual military conflict with China, all those countries
         | are more vulnerable to infrastructure damage than the US.
         | 
         | I believe the thinking is to shore up the supply chain so that
         | the US is in a stronger negotiating situation if relations with
         | china deteriorate to the point where the threats are less
         | implicit.
         | 
         | There is also a significant "America First" mentality that
         | wants to boost our economy, no matter what it costs our allies.
        
           | throwaway4good wrote:
           | The major military conflict scenarios sounds unlikely to me,
           | whereas the cost allies South Korea and Taiwan seems quite
           | real.
        
             | shkkmo wrote:
             | I think it is less about the likelihood of a major conflict
             | and more about the position of strength in negotiations to
             | prevent a major conflict.
             | 
             | Edit: Any major military conflict would come at a large
             | economic cost to both sides (which is why I agree it is
             | pretty unlikely.) However there is an element of
             | negotiating strength that comes when the economic costs to
             | your side is relatively lower than the economic costs to
             | the opposing side.
        
       | elihu wrote:
       | That's a lot of money. Perhaps it's good policy, but the idea of
       | transferring large amounts of money from taxpayers to private
       | industry seems a little sketchy if the government isn't requiring
       | anything in return.
       | 
       | What could the government ask for in return? Perhaps an assurance
       | that the fab will give priority of at least 10% of its output,
       | including its most modern process, to foundry service with
       | reasonable and non-discriminatory pricing for at least twenty
       | years.
       | 
       | Perhaps there are other ways the government could ensure these
       | fabs will be used in ways that are beneficial to all local
       | electronics manufacturers and not just the one company that owns
       | the fab?
       | 
       | (It's possible these details might be in the actual bill already;
       | the article doesn't say.)
        
       | cartoonworld wrote:
       | I know this is so different, but I can't help but think of the
       | 1950's DoD Heavy Press Program[0]. I think about these special
       | industrial monsters a lot when I read about semi fabs.
       | 
       | In WW2 after examining the components from aircraft kills, german
       | wing spars would often survive. It was discovered that Germany
       | used unique forged alloy wing spars to achieve their excellent
       | aircraft performance, perplexing allied engineers. These wing
       | spars' strength and weight is critical to the structural
       | properties of modern air frames. Without them, jet air craft like
       | the f-15 would have been impossible.
       | 
       | Machining these advanced alloy parts proved difficult, expensive,
       | error prone, and impossible to manufacture but a die forged alloy
       | wing spar was stronger, lighter, cheaper and beyond the
       | industrial capability of every allied nation. We did not have the
       | metallurgical technology to create such a large forged alloy wing
       | spar in 1945.
       | 
       | After the war, the US and Soviets recovered designs for the
       | extremely large press assemblies required for advanced air
       | frames. In the 1950s, a huge national program was geared up to
       | create absolutely massive Heavy Press machines. The Soviets had a
       | massive 30,000lb press for these parts, and we created a couple
       | of monstrous 50,000lb machines[1] that _are still in operation
       | today_. These things are older than we are and still out there
       | cranking out air frame parts today for modern air frames in 2021.
       | 
       | Without this kind of national investment in this kind of unique
       | manufacturing, we would be unable to fly without importing 747
       | parts from wherever they could be created.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Press_Program [1]
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZ50nZU3oG8
        
         | aww_dang wrote:
         | These presses were necessitated in Germany by a shortage of
         | materials, abundant magnesium and limitations of the Treaty of
         | Versailles
         | 
         | https://www.forgemag.com/articles/84706-invisible-strength-f...
         | 
         | The conclusion about the inability of the market to develop
         | alternative or similar manufacturing techniques isn't
         | established by observing that the state did.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | cartoonworld wrote:
           | There was a shortage of materials and manpower in late
           | Germany, that is another benefit of the forge and extrusion
           | process.
           | 
           | The alternative to forging the wing spars is to create a sub
           | assembly from a dozen or more smaller components. The
           | fasteners, drilling, and overlapping joints create a
           | mechanically weaker, larger, and heavier assembly with worse
           | material properties than a one-piece forged part.
           | 
           | In addition, assembling a wing spar from a dozen parts
           | creates wasted materials from additional steps in the process
           | (machining, forging, drilling, riveting a dozen parts) which
           | takes much more time, requires skilled technicians, and
           | decreases tolerances in the resulting assembly.
           | 
           | Machining titanium has different and worse metallurgical
           | properties than a single forged part. You can heat treat the
           | forged titanium part which has totally uniform mechanical
           | properties, where in an assembly each part might have
           | different inclusions and defects that are much harder to
           | control for in process. This aids QC as well, as you can just
           | X-ray the forged titanium part once.
           | 
           | So yes, they did, but its much more than that. The forged
           | wing spars improve dozens of manufacturing, QC and
           | engineering problems in addition to the material savings.
           | Even without that, the forged parts are still a prerequisite
           | for modern air frames.
           | 
           | EDIT: sorry, I didn't notice your edit. It may be that the
           | market would provide these Heavy Press machines, and I mean
           | the DoD partnered with ALCOA and other existing experts to
           | build and run the presses, and the private market owned and
           | profited from them, but in 1945 there wasn't a market for
           | this except to the Air Force. That's why the DoD funded it.
           | I'm sure the market could have also invested the absurd
           | dollar sums, I mean the things are _still used today_ , what
           | was the total ROI on the Iron Giant presses... its
           | incalculable.
           | 
           | But I'm almost certain today's globalized manufacturing would
           | do what they are doing now: Make them in Taiwan, China,
           | developing nations, and ship them across the ocean. The point
           | is that the Air Force recognized the value of making the wing
           | spars in country, so you can't bomb, flood, or capture the
           | presses. We should definitely be able to crank out i7's on
           | our continent, I don't care how.
        
             | aww_dang wrote:
             | >We should definitely be able to crank out i7's on our
             | continent
             | 
             | Agreed. I'd add that the export of dollars is related to
             | central bank policy.
        
               | cartoonworld wrote:
               | Yes it gets rather complicated, is Breton Woods good or
               | bad, so to speak? Well, I'd like my non-irradiated cake
               | and eat it too.
               | 
               | Its mind blowing how much that the post war era is still
               | affecting current affairs.
        
         | specialist wrote:
         | Terrific analogy, thanks.
         | 
         | I support most any kind of national policy. Industrial,
         | agricultural, transportation, education, etc.
         | 
         | Sure, use markets, incentives, competition.
         | 
         | Use some combo:
         | 
         | - private & public orgs
         | 
         | - private & public capital & finance
         | 
         | - top down & bottom up organizations, ranging from risk
         | minimizing to hail mary.
         | 
         | Basically, whatever basket of strategies works.
         | 
         | But mostly I simply support directed, sustained investment in
         | ourselves and our future.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | > But mostly I simply support directed, sustained investment
           | in ourselves and our future.
           | 
           | But who chooses the investment? While I'm not anti-tax, I
           | generally think the aggregated intelligence of the free
           | market makes the best decisions, in most cases.
        
             | mkr-hn wrote:
             | It seems like the free market created the problem we're
             | trying to solve here.
        
             | throwaway316943 wrote:
             | The government should also invest its capital in the
             | projects that it believes will benefit the country. The
             | people should have a say in the matter, they're technically
             | the investors after all.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | specialist wrote:
             | Try everything. Why not? Just like science, progress
             | requires a lot of failures.
             | 
             | Throwing good money after bad makes me grumpy. So we need
             | feedback loops, post mortems, etc.
             | 
             | Currently, every bit of legislation requires a fiscal note.
             | Expected costs, projected impact, ROI, etc.
             | 
             | We'd all benefit if society worked harder to do the obvious
             | followup steps.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | laurent92 wrote:
         | Sure, but which technology should USA reproduce. Just chips,
         | and then be late on everything else?
         | 
         | No. There is a gigantic machine in China, its name is Shenzen.
         | Its magic is that you can find any part and people who can
         | rebuild them differently.
         | 
         | This is the entire "valley" that USA should bring back home.
         | USA should bring back the construction of the Macbooks, phones,
         | servers and routers, and the entire ecosystem of tinkering that
         | comes with it. This is the backbone of USA's national security.
         | 
         | We just have to acknowledge that having local industries means
         | having poverty and dirty waste disposal at home instead of
         | 9000km away. Which is not necessarily a bad thing either, so we
         | can innovate on efforts.
        
           | azernik wrote:
           | > Sure, but which technology should USA reproduce. Just
           | chips, and then be late on everything else?
           | 
           | Whichever ones are essential to national security.
           | 
           | The ability to manufacture local, trusted hardware is
           | important for military purposes, just like the ability to
           | manufacture high-performance aircraft parts was and is
           | important in the case that overseas suppliers are hostile or
           | cut off.
        
           | petra wrote:
           | There's a lot of talk about the tinkering culture of Shenzen,
           | but is it really related to innovation?
           | 
           | Has Shenzen become a startup hub? What large startups have
           | come out of it?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | frisco wrote:
             | Tencent, Bytedance, Huawei, DJI, SenseTime, ZTE? At least
             | back in ~2015 when I visited, it was definitely a major
             | startup hub.
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | Shenzen has elements which are probably not reproducible.
           | 
           | But 1) subsidies are what we would call a 'distortion' and
           | those should be dealt with, possibly with anti-dumping
           | tariffs;
           | 
           | 2) There is such a thing as 'strategic investment' in key
           | industries where the bar is very high and $10M from a VC
           | won't help. This is where we need coordinated leadership.
           | 
           | 3) There are other ways of 'building stuff'. Automation, AI
           | etc. present opportunities for creating substitutes for those
           | value chains.
           | 
           | In particular, I think what the DARPA should push for is a
           | robotic 'pair of hands' - i.e. a very easily programable set
           | of very nimble robotic hands with accompanying vision, that
           | can be made to do specific tasks within parameters i.e. 'pick
           | up that part, add this other part' and handle most of the
           | weird things that can go wrong.
           | 
           | 4) In germs of geopolitics ... it may be more ideal to push
           | for more diversity in sourcing and to help develop India,
           | Malaysia, Mexico etc. towards doing at least more of those
           | things. That's hard though.
        
         | Qub3d wrote:
         | Here's a great video essay on the program:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpgK51w6uhk
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | There is an interesting corollary here. Given a narrow market
         | and the high capex of such industrial machinery, it doesn't
         | make sense for anyone to build a second machine.
         | 
         | The owner of the machine can effectively charge all customers
         | the marginal cost to build a new machine in perpetuity as a
         | natural monopoly.
         | 
         | Odds are Semi is heading in the same direction where it doesn't
         | make sense to build new fabs except for national security
         | reasons, and whoever controls the massive fab can charge the
         | marginal cost of building a new one to each of their customers
         | indefinitely.
        
           | darig wrote:
           | Why couldn't the owner of the machine simply be suicided?
        
           | shkkmo wrote:
           | > it doesn't make sense for anyone to build a second machine.
           | 
           | Maybe it doesn't make sense for private parties, since it
           | clearly makes sense for nations to not rely of adversaries
           | for their supply chains.
           | 
           | I would also argue that it your ability to rely on a
           | competitor that is critical to your supply chain depends on
           | which laws that prevent anti-competive practices are present
           | in the relevant jurisdictions.
        
           | tomp wrote:
           | This doesn't make rational sense.
           | 
           | Investments aren't financed by customers, they're financed by
           | investors.
           | 
           | I reckon in today's money-printing world it's easy to get
           | even $1bn if you can credibly say to the investors that you
           | can charge each customer 90% of the full investment (hell,
           | even for 10% it's still a great business!)
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | ArkanExplorer wrote:
         | Heavy industry and chip manufacturing are not really comparable
         | though. The cutting edge nodes are only relevant for a few
         | years, maybe a decade for rudimentary components.
         | 
         | The major problem the US, and the West, face right now is that
         | its more profitable to speculate on financial and real estate
         | assets than it is to actually produce anything.
         | 
         | In 20201 in Sydney and Vancouver for example, the average house
         | price has increased more per day than the average daily salary
         | for a worker...
         | 
         | The other issue is that the West (particularly the Anglosphere)
         | is intent on importing as many low-cost workers as possible,
         | from countries with poor records of innovation, who then bring
         | their own problems such as caste favoritism and high in-group
         | preferences.
         | 
         | The simplest solution would probably be to import Taiwanese
         | engineers en-masse, and formally create new chipset companies
         | (which are _not_ Intel), which it seems only China is really
         | doing.
         | 
         | A direct policy approach could be for the USA to offer anyone
         | with a university degree or trade skill and under the age of
         | 40, from non-oil countries with a HDI of over .85 the ability
         | to permanently migrate to the USA for a nominal fee:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Dev...
         | 
         | And at the same time, deporting all illegal immigrants (to free
         | up housing) and building walls along the southern border - the
         | shortage of cheap labour will encourage automation and
         | innovation.
        
           | jiofih wrote:
           | Damn, it started well but you went into some really deep
           | prejudice. I'll take note that Taiwanese are the best ROI for
           | low cost immigrants - apparently much better than Mexicans.
           | 
           | How about putting some reins on the real estate and trading
           | markets instead of "getting better immigrants"? Sounds a
           | little bit more logical.
        
             | l33t2328 wrote:
             | > but you went into some really deep prejudice
             | 
             | Can you elaborate what deep prejudice you got from that
             | comment?
        
               | CameronNemo wrote:
               | Building a wall to keep the Mexicans out. Seems pretty
               | fucked up from my POV, somebody who has lived in SoCal
               | for nearly 25 years.
        
         | jiofih wrote:
         | For reference, 50000lbs is 22 tons. Tesla is now using 6000 and
         | 8000 ton casting machines to build the Model Y and Cybertruck
         | chassis. And they come from Europe again!
        
           | mcabbott wrote:
           | The big Alcoa press is 50_000 tons, not lbs. There are
           | slightly larger ones now, 60, 75ktons. (22 tons is, of
           | course, force that any rail yard could produce a century
           | ago.)
        
           | durge wrote:
           | I think that is a mistyping - the Alcoa presses are 50,000
           | tons, not lbs.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | fpoling wrote:
         | Soviet Union tried that with semiconductor industry in 1970s
         | and 1980s. They managed to clone 8086 CPU but failed with 286
         | even after Soviet intelligence had stolen detailed blueprints
         | for Intel manufacturing processes. Similarly Russia failed to
         | create anything close to F22 engines.
         | 
         | What is important is manufacturing culture. Without that one
         | can clone a factory, but it will not help with the next
         | generational process.
         | 
         | And it is known how to build such culture in relatively short
         | time frame, culture. Just look at Japan, South Korea or Taiwan.
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | Good point, but 'manufacturing culture' is also dependent on
           | the prevailing 'regular culture' and also 'conditions'.
           | 
           | Japan, SK and Taiwan are the kinds of places where you could
           | convince a lot of people to 'do this and that for the good of
           | the country' - especially since they were flat on their backs
           | and rebuilding from nothing, at the same time facing
           | existential external powers.
           | 
           | 'Post-War' was a quasi-authoritarian national strategy almost
           | as much as the actual war or preparation for it was.
           | 
           | In North America especially, we live in a 'Safe Bubble' we
           | don't really have the sense of existential angst that a place
           | like Korea might have, what with a direct record of thousands
           | of years of war and tumult from any number of neighbours
           | which still exist today.
           | 
           | Even in W. Europe the living memory of that stuff seems
           | rather fargone.
        
           | SkyMarshal wrote:
           | _> And it is known how to build such culture in relatively
           | short time frame, culture. Just look at Japan, South Korea or
           | Taiwan._
           | 
           | Indeed. To expand on that, there is an economist Richard
           | Werner [1] who has studied that process in depth.
           | 
           | The TLDR is that new money/credit creation needs to be
           | allocated primarily toward production and innovation, vs
           | consumption or asset speculation (the three things money can
           | be allocated toward).
           | 
           | In post-WWII Japan this process was called "Window Guidance"
           | [2], an informal system by which the BoJ directed the banking
           | system to fund industrial development.
           | 
           | The Asian Tigers and then China all copied the model in their
           | development program too, so it's clearly portable, but
           | interestingly remains informal. You would think an effective
           | model like this would be formalized into law at some point.
           | 
           | [1]:https://professorwerner.org/;
           | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard-Werner
           | 
           | [2]:http://princesoftheyen.com/central-bank-money-creation/
           | (scroll down to Window Guidance section).
        
       | eplanit wrote:
       | Hopefully it will happen. And, while we're properly reversing
       | course on bad policy, let's start building some nuclear power
       | plants, too.
        
       | Traster wrote:
       | As others have pointed out, the US has completely shot itself in
       | the foot. Large corporations and their biggest shareholders have
       | been systematically moving themselves out of the tax base. So now
       | when the US tries to use the tax code to encourage certain
       | industries and behaviours, but everyone points out that the tax
       | code doesn't exist for the companies they're trying to have
       | leverage over.
       | 
       | So what's left? Move the rich back into the tax system? You
       | can't, the money you let them keep turns out to be a pretty
       | effective tool for preventing that. Or the next natural step,
       | take money from that schmuck working a 60 hour week in starbucks
       | and hand it over to the world's most profitable companies so they
       | fulfill some ill thought out requirements.
        
         | wizzwizz4 wrote:
         | > _So what 's left? Move the rich back into the tax system? You
         | can't, the money you let them keep turns out to be a pretty
         | effective tool for preventing that._
         | 
         | Or just fund the tax collectors, so they can go after the
         | bigguns in court. The richest usually wins a legal fight.
        
           | Justin304 wrote:
           | ...The lawyers always win in a legal fight.
        
       | javajosh wrote:
       | How about a 100% tax credit? That would shift some serious
       | capital into this space.
        
       | EnlightenedBro wrote:
       | How does one start a semiconductor manufacturing company?
        
         | breck wrote:
         | Copyright and patent laws make it near impossible except for a
         | few thousand people.
        
         | xbmcuser wrote:
         | Starting a semiconductor manufacturing company is 1 thing
         | starting 1 that will be competitive will require 100s of
         | billions of dollars.
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | First, find several dozen billion dollars.
         | 
         | More seriously, find a low-performance niche application and
         | make chips on old technology for it. Differentiate yourself on
         | the basis of being easy for your customers to work with, a
         | natural advantage for US-based companies. Then you only need
         | several dozen million dollars.
        
           | an_opabinia wrote:
           | > First, find several dozen billion dollars.
           | 
           | Some electric car companies have not had trouble tapping into
           | capital markets. Even Transmeta, a fabless IC maker, could
           | tap $275m in _2000_.
           | 
           | If you were a super talented engineering firm with the
           | ability to spend $2b on a fab, you could tap finance for it.
           | 
           | > More seriously, find a low-performance niche application
           | and make chips on old technology for it.
           | 
           | This seems like the opposite of any winning strategy, and the
           | opposite of what the government should subsidize. TSMC is so
           | successfully because it relentlessly focuses on performance
           | chips. If you are enjoying American subsidies it better be
           | for the cutting edge, what the hell else are we paying for?
           | 
           | > Differentiate yourself on the basis of being easy for your
           | customers to work with
           | 
           | The only customer that matters is Apple, and your only
           | competition is Samsung and TSMC. Everyone else is using
           | "foreign chip manufacturers" as a way to launder low Chinese
           | labor costs, not because there is inadequate supply or poor
           | competition in specifically semiconductor manufacturing.
           | 
           | Perhaps that's what people want - a manufacturing hub, i.e.,
           | assembly of chips, not the chips themselves. I don't know if
           | that's super important.
        
             | qbasic_forever wrote:
             | Starting from zero and competing directly with TSMC's top
             | end processes right now is basically being at the
             | "President Kennedy said we're going to the Moon" stage of
             | landing on the moon. You are going to need many, many
             | billions and billions of dollars and years of engineering
             | and manufacturing (and failures) to get there. This is not
             | something you just turn on the money spigot and solve the
             | problem overnight. It is spectacular engineering at the
             | smallest atomic level to produce in mass quantity the chips
             | from TSMC today.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | They have spend decades to fine tune the process to be
               | just right. Just money isn't enough, and then we can also
               | look Intel and their 10nm and that is company with
               | experience, history and some workforce in place. Reaching
               | that level from fresh isn't simple thing.
        
               | javajosh wrote:
               | The US has an overabundance of brilliant physics PhDs
               | most of which are probably pretty sick of academia's
               | bullshit at this point. Let's give 2000 of them a
               | 100k/year job plus $5B, cheap/free access to federal
               | land, energy, and water, and see what kind of fab(s) they
               | could make. I bet they'd get to TSMC's level pretty
               | quick. If we offered Taiwan a mutual defense pact, we
               | might even get their help to get there.
        
               | an_opabinia wrote:
               | This is the right idea. But like I said, most of the
               | value is in exploiting cheap Chinese labor, not the
               | chips, which is why really none of that would work
               | accounting wise - like you're talking about a valuable
               | economic enterprise but not one that would produce a lot
               | of profits for shareholders.
        
               | qbasic_forever wrote:
               | They'll turn it down because they can make $250k a year
               | writing code for Facebook/Google/etc.
               | 
               | And it's really more talent in process engineering that
               | you need, not in the physics of chip building. We already
               | know what has to be done to make transistors. It's the
               | how to do it at scale and with high enough yield that's
               | impressively difficult.
        
             | ajmadesc wrote:
             | >What the hell else are we paying for?
             | 
             | Are chips for industrial equipment or cars? When you say
             | cutting edge I think desktop / phone / servers.
        
         | willis936 wrote:
         | This question makes me think of another question: is there a
         | difference between a rich tax credit and a poor tax?
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | Yes. The difference is in how it is perceived, but in an
           | economy, perceptions actually matter. If you give a tax
           | credit to the rich, the poor don't _perceive_ it as a tax on
           | them even though the strict monetary effect is the same in
           | both cases i.e. a wealth transfer from the poor to the rich.
           | But because the poor don 't perceive rich tax credits as a
           | tax on them they are less likely to object.
        
             | Ericson2314 wrote:
             | That type of thinking is political suicide in the long
             | term. Big meddling government that doesn't attack the fact
             | that we have far more _demand_ than supply problems is
             | going to get thrown out.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | They aren't related at all, because the federal budget and
           | revenues don't need to balance. They rarely ever do.
           | 
           | On the other hand, tax credits _can_ be (but arent guaranteed
           | to be). That is, if a tax credit incentivizes creating jobs
           | that would not have existed (in the US) otherwise, those jobs
           | end up also stimulating other economic activity. Tax
           | incentives at the state level tend to be closer to zero sum
           | (or a net loss) if the jobs would have been created anyway,
           | or when thr incentives aren 't strictly tied to quantifiable
           | completion metrics like factory completion, number of
           | positions filled, etc. (Much ado about Foxconn in Wisconsin,
           | etc)
        
             | Ericson2314 wrote:
             | Huh? Yes federal debt doesn't matter but that's why they
             | are similar--they are both shifting power to capital away
             | from labor.
             | 
             | The fact that governments try to do Keynesian by making
             | manufacturing jobs in 2021 kills me. We're decades past the
             | point where those sectors were sufficiently unproductive to
             | benefit the workers as they did in the glory days. Boost
             | demand directly (UBI), keep an ey on imports, and let
             | private capital fend for itself.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | > they are both shifting power to capital away from labor
               | 
               | This doesn't make sense to me. There _wouldn 't_ be labor
               | to empower if the tax credit was one of the factors that
               | determined whether the plant would be opened here or not.
               | 
               | Zero-sum would imply that, were the tax credits not
               | handed out, the revenue would instead go to some other
               | program- except that in this scenario, _there is no
               | revenue without it_.
               | 
               | Sure, we could get into a trade war with the rest of the
               | world by taxing or banning imports, but that would
               | definitely leave everyone worse off.
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | Really the US should pay for UBI in Germany, south Korea,
               | etc. to boost export prices there so it's a race to the
               | _top_.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | Very carefully. And as of 2021, also with the aid of a time
         | machine.
        
       | xony wrote:
       | useless move..
        
       | DSingularity wrote:
       | Wow, I always thought Intel will go bankrupt but I guess it's
       | clear that US is going to back them.
       | 
       | Gotta give Intel a lifeline because the longtime strategy of in-
       | house design+manufacturing no longer works when you lost the
       | manufacturing edge, when you missed the transitions to mobile and
       | GPU, and when you are stuck with the same crappy designs for the
       | one market you dominate: server.
        
         | eulers_secret wrote:
         | How would Intel go bankrupt when their net income is still $20
         | billion?
         | 
         | Sure they're loosing some ground, but I see no indicators
         | they're at risk of a near-term bankruptcy...
        
           | DSingularity wrote:
           | Once they stutter it's game over. You have to research and
           | build fabs years before you start using them. What happens
           | when they get stuck and fall behind TSMC for a few
           | generations?
        
             | 0x456 wrote:
             | Intel can just use TSMC to build their chips:
             | https://9to5mac.com/2021/01/08/bloomberg-intel-
             | considering-o...
             | 
             | If second place wasn't fatal for TSMC, AMD, or ARM, perhaps
             | it won't be for Intel either?
        
               | klelatti wrote:
               | But TSMC and ARM have very different business models.
               | 
               | AMD divested their manufacturing capability in order to
               | compete.
               | 
               | The question I think isn't whether Intel will be around -
               | they will - but what will their business look like in
               | 5-10 years time.
        
           | klelatti wrote:
           | I don't think bankruptcy is likely at all but they have more
           | competition than for a long time (if ever) in their most
           | profitable markets. I don't think backwards looking measures
           | like historic earnings are that useful - if you look at the
           | price / earnings ratio of 12 that tells you that the market
           | is sceptical about Intel's prospects.
        
           | b9a2cab5 wrote:
           | If Sapphire Rapids and Meteor Lake fail they might be in
           | danger. Increasingly the threat is not AMD but Arm, since
           | cloud hyperscalers can bring CPU design in house and undercut
           | x86 and Arm's fixed length instruction encoding is
           | fundamentally better for very wide decoders.
        
         | MangoCoffee wrote:
         | >Intel will go bankrupt
         | 
         | why and how? Intel still have a good share of x86 market.
        
           | Turing_Machine wrote:
           | I'd be surprised if x86 is still a major thing in 5 years,
           | and very surprised if it was still a major thing in 10 years.
           | It's had a good run, but it's 40 years old (with, granted,
           | many extensions and improvements). Sometimes you need to
           | start with a fresh sheet of paper.
           | 
           | Apple's M1 was the first shot across the bow, and I believe
           | AMD has an ARM-like architecture in development as well.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | _> I'd be surprised if x86 is still a major thing in 5
             | years_
             | 
             | Then get read to be surprised. X86 ain't going nowhere in
             | the next 5 years.
        
             | passivate wrote:
             | I've been hearing that about ARM for more than a decade.
             | Whats different now?
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | A consumer company started selling laptops with ARM
               | chips, so obviously everything will change! /s
               | 
               | More seriously, companies like AWS have developed ARM-
               | based chips in-house, and they seem to be very good
               | (cheaper, faster than x86 equivalents) for specific
               | workloads. That will certainly help with adoption, but i
               | sincerely doubt x86 will stop being the dominant
               | architecture. Maybe the consumer market will see a
               | significant shift towards ARM. But not the real money
               | maker, datacenter.
        
               | Miraste wrote:
               | Nothing's different, this is the culmination of the last
               | decade's work. These changes are slow, but ARM is now as
               | fast or faster than x86 in several contexts while being
               | vastly more efficient, and looks likely to continue
               | improving at a better rate. ARM has started appearing in
               | laptops, desktops, and servers. x86 is running out of
               | bastions.
        
               | spiderice wrote:
               | > Whats different now?
               | 
               | It's powering the laptops and desktops of the most
               | valuable tech company in the world and outperforming even
               | the best predictions from a year ago.
        
             | KronisLV wrote:
             | In contrast, i'd be surprised if x86 were to disappear in 5
             | or 10 years from the mainstream. Personally, i think that
             | there's too much similarly old software that's build first
             | and foremost for x86, porting which would take bunches of
             | time and effort.
             | 
             | Furthermore, ARM is only big in the consumer markets as a
             | part of SoC designs, which are bad for a variety of
             | reasons, notably, limited upgrade possibilities. For
             | example, i cannot go to an Internet store within my country
             | and purchase an ARM-compatible motherboard and buy an ARM
             | CPU separately. As for Apple's M1 offering - i think it's a
             | good start to demonstrate the feasibility of ARM, but i'd
             | say that ARM will most likely remain popular mostly for
             | phones and tablets.
             | 
             | I'd bet on maybe another 20-40 years as the timeframe for
             | ARM to replace x86 and for the latter to become irrelevant.
        
               | Turing_Machine wrote:
               | > Personally, i think that there's too much similarly old
               | software that's build first and foremost for x86, porting
               | which would take bunches of time and effort.
               | 
               | I just got an M1 iMac this week. So far I haven't found
               | any of my old x86 stuff that won't run. I'm positive that
               | such software exists, but nothing I use on a regular
               | basis.
               | 
               | While I haven't done any formal benchmarks, most of it
               | feels faster _under emulation_ than it did on my previous
               | iMac (which, to be fair, was a few years old).
        
               | KronisLV wrote:
               | Then why does Windows lag behind with its x86 emulation
               | capabilities when running on ARM? For example:
               | https://www.techspot.com/review/1599-windows-on-arm-
               | performa... and
               | https://www.windowslatest.com/2018/03/27/windows-10-on-
               | arm-b... (disclaimer: these are from a few years back,
               | because seemingly there isn't a lot of interest in the
               | topic)
               | 
               | I feel like there's more to Apple's success, in part
               | because of them having full control over the whole
               | ecosystem, from the hardware, to the OS, to the languages
               | that they'd like to support within their platform. Doing
               | that for near-arbitrary hardware (e.g. everything for
               | server hardware, to regular workstations, to budget off-
               | brand laptops) would be far less likely to succeed on
               | such a scale.
               | 
               | Unless everyone ditches Windows in favour for other OSes
               | that would play nicely with ARM, or unless Windows
               | manages to make leaps in regards to emulation technology,
               | i don't see ARM going mainstream for the kind of personal
               | computing that people do on their PCs (as opposed to
               | mobile devices, where ARM clearly dominates).
               | 
               | Plus, there's an argument to be made that we shouldn't
               | even need emulation in the first place, just software
               | that's sufficiently portable to be compiled for a new
               | target, or written in a platform-agnostic enough way that
               | it can be easily ported over to a new architecture.
        
         | heartbreak wrote:
         | Even if Intel was at risk, bankruptcy doesn't mean the company
         | evaporates off the face of the earth.
        
       | tolbish wrote:
       | Can we also offer tax credits to encourage making the next
       | hardware innovation hub somewhere other than _Phoenix, Arizona_?
       | I thought the southwest is being ravaged by the effects of
       | climate change (120+ degree weather, massive droughts)
        
         | bgorman wrote:
         | The water used by a chip factory is almost 100% recycled
        
           | KingMachiavelli wrote:
           | So they would be OK paying a 10x price premium? at least that
           | would be the easiest way to determine if the claim is true.
           | 
           | At least in Taiwan earlier this spring was facing a drought
           | which came close to impacting semiconductor production.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | farco12 wrote:
           | Do you mind providing a source for that claim?
           | 
           | I've seen several articles[1] mentioning that the current
           | Taiwanese semiconductor shortage has a lot to do with water
           | rationing due to drought. Do semiconductor manufacturers in
           | Taiwan not recycle water like semiconductor manufacturers in
           | Phoenix?
           | 
           | [1] https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-chip-shortage-is-bad-
           | taiwan...
        
             | franknine wrote:
             | Semiconductor manufacturers in Taiwan are mostly around the
             | Hsinchu area. They paid a premium to truck water from other
             | areas and the government limited agricultural activities in
             | Hsinchu as well. They almost got affected, but then there
             | was a heavy rain in late May and the water rationing was
             | lifted for Hsinchu.
             | 
             | Currently COVID poses a larger threat to semiconductor
             | production as multiple COVID clusters are detected in
             | packaging/testing plants.
        
             | BlueTankEngine wrote:
             | Pretty sure the OP is right, not sure about Taiwan
             | 
             | Source: https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/04/why-intel-tsmc-are
             | -building-water-dependent-chip-plants-in-arizona.html
        
               | pretendscholar wrote:
               | It says page not found.
        
               | bellyfullofbac wrote:
               | You should notice that the text after the URL still looks
               | like a URL, so there must've been an extra space in the
               | middle of it...
               | 
               | Feel free to burn this comment to the ground, but is this
               | really the level of HN reader nowadays? Can't even notice
               | a spurious space...
        
         | GoOnThenDoTell wrote:
         | Seismic stability is apparently a big plus for the area
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | We might be on fire, but doing business here is excellent. I'm
         | fine being quoted on that.
         | 
         | It's just about a joke anywhere else I've seen. Such as annual
         | fees just to maintain an LLC. As if you're not already paying a
         | high effective tax rate.
         | 
         | The cost of living and cost of doing business doesn't make much
         | sense in other major metros. Unfortunately, so many people are
         | coming here that it's raising our COL, too.
        
           | CameronNemo wrote:
           | _The cost of living and cost of doing business doesn 't make
           | much sense in other major metros._
           | 
           | Then explain all of the people living and doing business in
           | other metros out west? Must have made sense for them...
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | > It's just about a joke anywhere else I've seen.
           | 
           | Wow, you encompass a lot of very successful communities and
           | businesses with that statement.
           | 
           | > Such as annual fees just to maintain an LLC.
           | 
           | I don't know what you mean exactly, but I've never heard a
           | businessperson complain about such fees.
        
             | andrewmcwatters wrote:
             | Well, hello then. Here I am, complaining. Operating costs
             | for a business to simply exist should be nothing. Free.
             | Nada. It should cost 0 for some database entry to exist in
             | a corporation directory. Oh, and if you're interested in
             | that, welcome to Arizona.
             | 
             | You're already paying taxes. You're already paying
             | insurance. You're already taking on risk. There should be
             | absolutely no friction to take on risk and start an
             | enterprise. Leave that friction to all the other places
             | that make sense like taking out a loan, building your
             | brand, establishing a network.
             | 
             | And yet, if you wanted to expand to other countries, you
             | have to pay sometimes thousands of dollars annually just to
             | exist as a foreign corporate entity. It's nonsense. It's
             | just a money grab for certain regions. As if you paying
             | those contractors or employees isn't directly injecting
             | capital into those economies.
        
               | CameronNemo wrote:
               | If you can't scrounge up a few hundred to register an LLC
               | ($140 in Washington from what I read), how the hell are
               | you going to order any kind of computer hardware?
               | Prototypes can cost thousands.
        
               | rapind wrote:
               | This sounds like a really good point to me. If a
               | politician wants to encourage small businesses, why not
               | remove all fees to get up and running? Maybe provide free
               | lawyering and business plan consulting as well?
               | 
               | Too often incentives are locked behind a bunch of
               | paperwork and hoops which require up front capital to
               | take advantage of. Which creates a market for third
               | parties to benefit from by charging for these services,
               | instead of founders benefiting directly.
               | 
               | A great example of a horrible incentives program that
               | results in this is SR&ED in Canada. I guess you could
               | argue it employs a bunch of service providers to assemble
               | SR&ED claims... so jobs?
               | 
               | You also pay at least $600 to incorporate in Canada and
               | most often employ a lawyer to do it for you ($1,200+).
               | Seems pretty counter intuitive if your goal is to promote
               | startups and small business.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | An argument in theory, but in practice it has no bearing
               | on starting a business. You can complain all you want,
               | but in my entire career you are the first.
               | 
               | In theory, a business receives very many services from
               | government, such as entire systems of infrastructure
               | (which itself is composed of systems of transport,
               | energy, etc.) and law. The fees are a fantastic deal.
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | That requires individual states to be tax and business
         | friendly. The Northeast and Pacific rim no longer make any
         | attempt at this. The rust belt tries sometimes, but flip
         | politically too often for companies to make big investments.
         | 
         | There's nothing meaningful congress can do to order states to
         | be friendly to business.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | That depends on your definition of tax and business friendly.
           | Note that the Northeast and Pacific Rim have produced far
           | more success and wealth in business than other places,
           | probably more than any places in the history of the world,
           | without exaggeration.
           | 
           | Taxes are the front end transaction of investment, in
           | education, infrastructure, courts, support for workers and
           | families, etc. Those things are very business friendly. Low
           | tax areas, which lack this investment, don't have a great
           | history with businesses.
        
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