[HN Gopher] Can *YOU* blow a PC speaker using only a Linux kerne...
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       Can *YOU* blow a PC speaker using only a Linux kernel driver?
        
       Author : TangerineDream
       Score  : 55 points
       Date   : 2021-06-18 17:25 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nakedsecurity.sophos.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nakedsecurity.sophos.com)
        
       | EamonnMR wrote:
       | I've definitely blown PC speakers with softsynths before so it
       | should be possible in principle.
        
       | jancsika wrote:
       | What would happen if you sent a random stream of ones and zeros
       | to the PC speaker? Wouldn't that be equivalent to the PC speaker
       | producing square waves at all the frequencies which it can
       | produce?
       | 
       | At least if wearing it out in the fastest manner possible counts
       | as "blowing" it, that could work...
        
         | schaefer wrote:
         | In the late 90s and early 2000s, I remember two distinct
         | occasions where a computer tried to play a data cdrom as if it
         | where an audio CD through my headphones.
         | 
         | Easily one of the more unpleasant experiences of my life (and
         | I've broken bones). Something about the sound triggered a very
         | specific Synesthesia. I smelled a burning smell for half a day.
         | 
         | So... in addition to blowing speakers, you can also blow minds.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | So the takeaway here is that you should not attempt to fuzz a
           | human brain while using it:)
        
       | timw4mail wrote:
       | Now I wonder if a piezo beeper would be more plausible or less
       | plausible to blow?
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | PC Speakers commonly are piezo beepers, but that's probably
         | "recent".
        
           | timw4mail wrote:
           | Well yes, but peizo beepers were much less common when the PC
           | speaker was commonly used for games, or just as the main
           | sound output.
        
             | Someone wrote:
             | Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_speaker
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | piezo beepers typically have a resonance frequency where they
         | are _much_ louder.
         | 
         | Run it at that frequency for too long and the pizeoelectric
         | coating delaminates from the metal disc of the speaker, leading
         | to failure.
         | 
         | So, yes, you can probably blow them from software if you're
         | willing to have it turned on for a few days continuously.
        
           | timw4mail wrote:
           | I wonder if moving iron beepers would have the same issue.
           | Either way, seems like a lot of effort.
        
       | frostyiguana wrote:
       | All I can say in my early Linux years is I tried to redirect
       | /dev/cpu to my speakers (maybe something in /dev/snd), and it
       | made one of the loudest sound my quite huge speakers could make.
       | and volume wasn't so high..
       | 
       | I tried that because I was curious, since everything is a file,
       | then surely cpu processing things to become a sound right ? :)
       | 
       | (if you try this please make sure to get that into a pcm/wav
       | file, and reduce the amplitude of that file _first_)
        
         | carrja99 wrote:
         | lol I did this too eons ago. I don't think those speakers ever
         | worked the same again after that.
        
       | dlevine wrote:
       | This reminds me of Godel Escher Bach. "I Cannot Be Played on PC
       | Speaker X."
        
       | throwaway789657 wrote:
       | Why don't all speakers have some circuitry that blocks any signal
       | that could blow out the speakers? This has always seemed like an
       | absurd state of affairs. It should not be possible to damage
       | speakers by turning the volume too loud.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | It's mostly a matter of matching the output characteristics of
         | the amplifier to the capability of the speakers... which is
         | what most consumer products with speakers do. Note that the OP
         | concluded that it likely wasn't possible to blow the PC
         | speaker.
        
           | throwaway789657 wrote:
           | If you have your own receiver and your own speakers--a home
           | stereo system, not a PC speaker system--it is just a matter
           | of turning the nob too high to blow them out. With all these
           | wifi-connected receivers these days, I bet if your laptop is
           | compromised, a hacker could turn up the volume and physically
           | damage your speakers. Anyone inside your wifi can cause many
           | thousands of dollars (or whatever your speakers cost) of
           | physical damage. Wow!
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Because knowing exactly how much signal is too much is really
         | hard.
         | 
         | When using the speaker, for some purposes you want absolutely
         | max volume - that involves getting the physical parts of the
         | speaker moving fast and far. Yet move them slightly too fast or
         | too far or do that too often and it'll physically break. Odd
         | effects like resonance mean two very similar looking signals
         | can have widely different physical effects.
         | 
         | The ideal threshold might depend on numerous factors, like
         | temperature and pressure, the age of the speaker, etc. Easy to
         | do in software, impossible in hardware.
         | 
         | So why not just have more margin and make the line between
         | 'loud enough' and 'breaking apart' wider? Well to do that your
         | speaker would need to be physically larger, and space is very
         | much in a premium in many devices.
        
           | throwaway789657 wrote:
           | In no other high-end consumer product would that
           | unreliability be tolerated. Why would you ever run your
           | speakers at a volume that might blow them out depending on
           | what the next bar of the song sounds like? Are you pre-
           | screening every single bit of audio that will get played over
           | your speakers? Otherwise, you should _never_ run speakers at
           | a borderline volume. This protection should be built in to
           | the speaker. No matter how much volume you feed into a
           | speaker, it should not break.
           | 
           | (Of course, you could feed always feed such an absurd amount
           | of power that it would break even the protective circuits,
           | but that ultimate vulnerability is just inherent in the
           | nature of electronics).
        
             | walshemj wrote:
             | It happens with DJ sound systems and Band PA's
        
               | throwaway789657 wrote:
               | So this poor reliability is just rampant in the sound
               | industry? Unless there is some reason why such a circuit
               | is not feasible without, e.g., decreasing sound quality.
               | Which is the kind of thing my original question is asking
               | about.
        
             | grawprog wrote:
             | When I worked at my old shop I blew out 3 different CD
             | changer stereos and two sets of speakers. One of them even
             | ended up slightly catching on fire...well it was smoking
             | anyway...The machines were really loud, you needed to crank
             | that shit if you wanted to hear it...also I learned that
             | you can't plug 3 sets of speakers into a single one of
             | those things.
        
       | mcraiha wrote:
       | Related, VLC Media Player destroyed Dell speakers thread
       | https://www.dell.com/community/Laptops-General-Read-Only/VLC...
        
         | jolmg wrote:
         | I wouldn't blame VLC. Here's the response from main VLC
         | developer:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7205875
         | 
         | I agree with them that when using the official API for
         | whatever-X, you can't be blamed when X fails. Whatever X is, it
         | should be built to cover all uses of its official interface.
         | 
         | In the case of VLC, that X is the Dell sound hardware, which
         | can't handle certain uses because of a power incompatibility
         | between the Dell sound card and the Dell speakers.
         | 
         | Reminds me of a case long ago where a GUI program took blame
         | because it sometimes caused the X11 server to crash. That was
         | clearly a bug on the X11 server side, too. A server should be
         | built such that it's impossible for a client to crash it.
        
           | josefx wrote:
           | > That was clearly a bug on the X11 server side, too. A
           | server should be built such that it's impossible for a client
           | to crash it.
           | 
           | Not sure X11 itself was to blame for most crashes. GPU
           | drivers tended to be hit or miss in the past and if I
           | remember correctly even Microsoft had enough of that mess at
           | some point and started to isolate them from its otherwise
           | monolithic kernel, just so it could at least recover the
           | session instead of blue screening.
        
           | kevingadd wrote:
           | I always get a little nervous when really messed up audio
           | gets sent through my semi-expensive speakers... "are they
           | designed for this? did I just ruin them by playing a game
           | with a buggy audio mixer?"
        
             | jolmg wrote:
             | The audio mixer is dependent on the speakers, not the other
             | way around. The speakers should be able to handle anything
             | the mixer is able to throw at it. If they aren't, that's
             | fault on the speakers' part.
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | I think this is a grey area depending on your setup and
               | listening preferences.
               | 
               | I have ~2kW of RMS amplification available to my
               | floorstanding loudspeakers and subwoofer. There is a lot
               | of DSP/EQ protection in between my HTPC and the
               | mechanical drivers in the speakers.
               | 
               | Despite all of this, I have had incidents where the
               | software glitches out and plays the un-decoded DTS/DD
               | stream. If you have your volume set at or near reference
               | when something like this happens, it can cause physical
               | damage (to both your speakers and your ears).
               | 
               | (Audio) Engineering is all about balancing many complex
               | factors. Mistakes happen and you can't address all of the
               | edge cases without ruining the overall user experience.
               | To say its the fault of the speaker is a little bit
               | accusatory in my opinion. Can you ruin your car by taking
               | certain actions? Certainly. Is this the car's fault? No.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | nitrogen wrote:
               | To add to this, depending on the amplifier design you
               | might get better linearity (less harmonic distortion) by
               | significantly overprovisioning power.
        
       | yrral wrote:
       | Related: In the past Apple released a bad bootcamp sound driver
       | for macbooks that caused windows to blow the laptop speakers. So
       | technically you can blow some speakers with bad drivers
       | 
       | https://www.extremetech.com/computing/240309-apples-bootcamp...
       | https://forums.macrumors.com/threads/15-2016-mbp-speaker-cra...
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/apple/comments/5e1g37/warning_bootc...
        
         | hutattedonmyarm wrote:
         | The article seems to be about those tiny PC speakers which beep
         | out BIOS codes, not those types of speakers used to output
         | actual OS sounds and music
        
       | anonymousisme wrote:
       | One possible way to approach this would be to write a simple
       | function generator (square wave) and sweep it across the audio
       | spectrum, while also recording the speaker output level by way of
       | a connected microphone. The resonant frequency of the speaker (or
       | the microphone) should be observable as the peak amplitude seen
       | by the mic. Once known, just set the generator to that frequency
       | and blast away for a while.
        
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       (page generated 2021-06-18 23:02 UTC)