[HN Gopher] Oregon Has Legalized Human Composting
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Oregon Has Legalized Human Composting
        
       Author : elsewhen
       Score  : 198 points
       Date   : 2021-06-18 12:36 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.vice.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.vice.com)
        
       | senectus1 wrote:
       | I'd be just as happy to know i was being disposed of via a magma
       | flow or something. I really don't care whats done with my body
       | after i'm done with it... just as long as its disposal isn't
       | going to do further damage to the world or its inhabitants...
        
         | warlog wrote:
         | Make sure they take your car keys out of your pocket before
         | dumping you... ...because, man, they're gone.
        
       | 11235813213455 wrote:
       | This makes so much sense, I prefer that my body can be used to
       | grow plants/trees and whatever vegetals rather than getting
       | putrefied in a coffin, and using land space for no reason
        
       | Trias11 wrote:
       | Need a highway ad:
       | 
       | "Please volunteer for human composting. Recycle yourself!"
        
       | lph wrote:
       | My mother passed away a few weeks ago. It was her wish to go with
       | Recompose. She was a master gardener, and to her, the idea of
       | returning to the ecosystem was so much better than cremation or a
       | cemetery. Through Recompose, her 'soil' will be donated to a
       | reforesting project.
       | 
       | As you can imagine, I've ruminated a lot on this lately. What's
       | the purpose of a tombstone, or a plaque, or an urn full of ashes?
       | To memorialize, or to honor someone who is gone? I don't need a
       | monument for that. I spent a couple of hours yesterday
       | propagating roses with my six-year old daughter, her grand-
       | daughter. That's a better way to honor my mother, I think, and
       | she would agree.
       | 
       | As old-world tradition and religiosity fade, we can all find our
       | own new ways to do these things. This is 'meaning-making', an
       | interesting term I learned recently.
       | 
       | Incidentally, her gardening buddies were intrigued to learn about
       | human composting. I think Recompose is going to be big.
        
         | flycaliguy wrote:
         | I walk around a cemetery as part of my daily walk when I let my
         | mind wander. Two big topics in my town are real estate and
         | reconciliation with aboriginal people. Something about this
         | giant plot of land covered in European names just seems so
         | strange.
        
         | mrkurt wrote:
         | I'm sorry for your loss. I got a lot out of reading this
         | comment and I appreciate that you shared it.
        
       | arkush wrote:
       | _" Recompose, the country's first human composting funeral home
       | does it like this: a corpse is placed in a cylinder with organic
       | materials, like wood chips, plants, and straw, then heated and
       | turned repeatedly for several weeks with a hook until it's broken
       | down into a nutrient-rich soil that can be delivered back to the
       | family or used for planting."_
       | 
       | Every time I read about using human corpses to produce soil, I
       | recall this article:
       | 
       | "Grass plants bind, retain, uptake and transport infectious
       | prions"
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449294/
       | 
       | In the past I read about this or similar startup and they
       | mentioned that they don't accept corpses of people diagnosed with
       | prion diseases. IMHO, this is not enough. For example, a person
       | with early CJD could die of other cause and never be diagnosed.
       | Besides that, sporadic CJD isn't as rare as "1 per million"
       | (still rare though).
       | 
       | Here is an interesting video about prion diseases that, among
       | other things, discusses epidemiology ("1 in 7000 US deaths"):
       | 
       | "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Other Prion Diseases - Brian
       | Appleby, M.D."
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/4vyuby6gibs?t=328
       | 
       | Testing of corpses based on Protein Misfolding Cyclic
       | Amplification (PMCA) might come in handy (if it's not too
       | expensive). It is claimed to be very sensitive. Here is
       | presentation by Dr. Rodrigo Morales (one of the authors of the
       | article about prion uptake by plants that I linked above):
       | 
       | "Texas CWD Symposium: Pre-symptomatic prion detection"
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8ZX8sHAPUw
       | 
       | P.S.: Hopefully, this eco-burial fad wouldn't catch on. How about
       | deep sea burials?
        
         | yosamino wrote:
         | I hope when it's time for me, I can simply be flushed down the
         | drain:
         | 
         | > Alkaline hydrolysis is also used in the agricultural industry
         | to sterilize animal carcasses that may pose a health hazard,
         | because the process inactivates viruses, bacteria, and prions
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_hydrolysis_(body_disp...
        
           | drdavid wrote:
           | I'd like a sky burial in Tibet, but that ain't gonna happen
           | (at least not legally) unless things change.
        
             | hh3k0 wrote:
             | Paying your respects to the vultures? That is quite
             | romantic.
             | 
             | You could move to Tibet in order to have it eventually,
             | though.
        
       | matthewmorgan wrote:
       | Aren't humans full of mercury and other nasty substances?
        
       | devy wrote:
       | Alkaline hydrolysis (water cremation) is another green way of
       | disposing human and animal remains. It's a low cost option too.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_hydrolysis_(body_disp...
        
       | DesiLurker wrote:
       | I just want to be cremated and my ashes scattered on moon. IMO it
       | could be a huge business opportunity.
        
         | enriquto wrote:
         | lol what the fuck? if you have all that money do something
         | useful, or at least indulge yourself while you are alive
        
           | mod wrote:
           | Paying to have yourself scattered on the moon _is_ indulging
           | yourself while you 're alive.
        
       | sloshnmosh wrote:
       | It gives new meaning to:
       | 
       | Grandma makes the best potatoes
        
       | rglover wrote:
       | Pass.
        
       | ed_balls wrote:
       | I wonder what is the risk of prions diseases.
       | 
       | > A 68 kg (150 lbs) body which contains 65% water will require
       | 100 MJ of thermal energy before any combustion will take place.
       | 100 MJ is approximately equivalent to 3 m3 (105 ft3) of natural
       | gas, or 3 liters of fuel oil (0.8 US gallons). Additional energy
       | is necessary to make up for the heat capacity ("preheating") of
       | the furnace, fuel burned for emissions control, and heat losses
       | through the insulation and in the flue gases.
       | 
       | > As a result, crematories are most often heated by burners
       | fueled by natural gas. LPG (propane/butane) or fuel oil may be
       | used where natural gas is not available. These burners can range
       | in power from 150 to 400 kilowatts (0.51 to 1.4 million British
       | thermal units per hour).
       | 
       | >Crematories heated by electricity also exist in India, where
       | electric heating elements bring about cremation without the
       | direct application of flame to the body.
       | 
       | >Coal, coke, and wood were used in the past, heating the chambers
       | from below (like a cooking pot). This resulted in an indirect
       | heat and prevented mixing of ash from the fuel with ash from the
       | body. The term retort when applied to cremation furnaces
       | originally referred to this design.
       | 
       | More eco-friendly option would be to use pellet or electricity.
        
         | refactor_master wrote:
         | What does any of this have to do with prions though? If
         | anything, the emissions are probably worse from a public health
         | perspective.
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | Cremation will destroy prions. Composting will not. I guess
           | the issue would be with prions from a composting brain
           | getting into food supply.
           | 
           | I'm not sure how real of a concern this is as deer with CWD
           | die and decompose and I'm not aware of any transmission in
           | this way.
        
             | beambot wrote:
             | I was of the impression that Prions are notoriously
             | impervious to heat. They were said to withstand typical
             | disinfecting protocols using an autoclave (250degF for
             | 15-20min). Quick source:
             | 
             | > To destroy a prion it must be denatured to the point that
             | it can no longer cause normal proteins to misfold.
             | Sustained heat for several hours at extremely high
             | temperatures (900degF and above) will reliably destroy a
             | prion.
             | 
             | https://dwr.virginia.gov/wildlife/diseases/cwd/what-are-
             | prio...
             | 
             | I don't know the specific temperature profile of cremation,
             | but I doubt it is sufficient.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | 900degF is barely temperature of a campfire
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | Cremation actually goes well above that. Cremation
               | happens around 1400-1800F.
               | 
               | https://www.cremationresource.org/cremation/how-is-a-
               | body-cr...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | You're right that it withstands heat, but not cremation
               | heat.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | Autoclaves are meant to destroy living material while
               | preserving what's being sanitized, while cremation
               | intends to destroy everything and preserve nothing. For
               | that reason, there's a difference in both temperature and
               | exposure times.
        
         | 01100011 wrote:
         | Or a big friggin fresnel lens.
        
           | nsm wrote:
           | In Iain M. Banks' Culture series, customarily, a ship Mind
           | displaces (teleports) your body to the center of the nearest
           | star on death. That way your atoms contribute to the star and
           | will eventually rise to the surface and spread through the
           | universe. Also takes care of prion diseases.
        
           | tcoff91 wrote:
           | Sound's like Orholam's Glare from the Lightbringer series.
        
           | ajdegol wrote:
           | This would be a spectacular way to go! Well, post-go.
        
             | Pxtl wrote:
             | Set up one of those thermal solar power plants that are
             | like a sea of mirrors and a tower with a boiler on top,
             | then raise the body in a cage on a winch to the top.
             | 
             | "Head towards the light".
        
             | waldothedog wrote:
             | a post-go go
        
         | rapnie wrote:
         | >> fuel oil (0.8 US gallons) > eco-friendly
         | 
         | For people who drove cars.. mostly a (once-in-a-lifetime)
         | symbolical gesture.
        
           | munk-a wrote:
           | It's more gallons than I'll probably use in my lifetime -
           | I've driven maybe five miles in total when debating going for
           | a drivers test and I'm now in my mid-thirties.
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | Prions are scary, but the fact that prions have presumably
         | existed for just as long as life has existed on Earth, there
         | must be _something_ that keeps prions from replicating out of
         | control and causing mass death and extinctions.
        
           | jhgb wrote:
           | Let's hope that that "something" wasn't smaller populations.
        
             | csharptwdec19 wrote:
             | It does make one wonder about oral traditions of 'cursed'
             | lands...
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | Something like 100 billion people have died in the last 50k
             | years, and it doesn't really seem like prions from their
             | corpses have been a problem.
        
             | learc83 wrote:
             | There were smaller populations of humans, but not smaller
             | populations of mammals in general.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | With our skill at making meat, I wonder how true that is.
        
           | ed_balls wrote:
           | It could be, because cultures that were using human bodies,
           | instead of burning or burying them, went extinct.
           | 
           | > Prehistory of endocannibalism controversy Whether or not
           | endocannibalism was commonplace through much of human
           | prehistory remains controversial.
           | 
           | A team led by Michael Alpers, a lifelong investigator of
           | kuru,[14] found genes that protect against similar prion
           | diseases were widespread, suggesting that such
           | endocannibalism could have once been common around the
           | world.[15][16]
           | 
           | A genetic study with a range of authors published by the
           | University College London in 2009 declared evidence of a
           | "powerful episode" of natural selection in recent humans.
           | This evidence is found in the 127V polymorphism, a mutation
           | which protects against the kuru disease. In simpler terms, it
           | would appear the kuru disease has affected all humans to the
           | extent we have a specialised immune response to it.[17]
           | However, a study drawing from hundreds of resources in 2013
           | claims further that 127V derives from an ancient and wide
           | spread cannibalistic practice, not related to kuru
           | specifically, but "kuru-like epidemics" which appeared around
           | the time of the extinction of the neanderthals who co-existed
           | with humans. This allows the suggestion that cannibalistic
           | practises may have caused diseases which killed the
           | neanderthals, but not the humans because of the 127V
           | resistance gene.[18]
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannibalism
           | 
           | >The earliest known reference to a requirement for a six-foot
           | burial occurred in 1665 during the Great Plague of London.
           | John Lawrence, the Lord Mayor of London,[13] ordered that the
           | bodies of plague victims "...shall be at least six foot
           | deep." The city officials apparently believed this would
           | inhibit the spread of the disease, not realising that the
           | true vector was fleas living on rats in the streets.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | "there must be something that keeps prions from replicating
           | out of control"
           | 
           | Do you feel like we should roll the dice? If we roll a 6, it
           | could be worse that the Plague and Covid combined
        
         | 1-6 wrote:
         | Since prions are found abundantly in the head, just bury or
         | lock away the skulls and treat them like nuclear waste. Compost
         | or cremate the rest of the body.
        
           | SllX wrote:
           | You could also put them in a jar and start a museum with
           | them.
        
           | Y_Y wrote:
           | This is a solved problem! My startup is building modern,
           | cutting-edge catacombs where we're redefining what it means
           | to have a huge, underground maze full of decomposing human
           | heads.
        
             | jodrellblank wrote:
             | Alcor will do this for $80,000/head, are your prices
             | competitive?
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | > cutting-edge
             | 
             | missed opportunity or subtlety mastery ?
        
             | walterlb wrote:
             | Great! Legacy underground mazes full of decomposing human
             | heads are such a pain.
        
             | dependsontheq wrote:
             | I think your funding should primarily come from
             | Kickstarter, I think that there will be very few lawsuits
             | of people who want to deposit their skull.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | Catacombs as a Service is really going to take off.
        
             | boringg wrote:
             | Dark humor
        
             | rovr138 wrote:
             | I have no idea if this is true or not... and that worries
             | me.
             | 
             | I think it's not, but, maybe?
        
               | bserge wrote:
               | It's just another Catacombs of Paris, which to be fair
               | has stagnated, so maybe a new agile startup can do
               | better.
        
               | creddit wrote:
               | It really is ripe for disruption. Will need significant
               | upfront capital infusions, though, and really the
               | ultimate play is on the cloud or possibly blockchain
               | which has some bootstrapping issues. Watching this space
               | closely.
        
             | ssully wrote:
             | I am in a similar market, but we are turning cadavers into
             | headless server platforms.
        
           | fileeditview wrote:
           | Sounds like a civilized thing to do. Just hack off the head
           | and store it in some permanent disposal site. Then a few
           | centuries later our ancestors will have to move the nuclear
           | waste because of some leakage and will dig up the skulls.
           | 
           | Clearly a savage had lived there amongst the nuclear barrels.
           | Its mind altered by the radiation, chopping off those poor
           | worker heads.
           | 
           | If it wasn't clear: /s
           | 
           | And yes prions might be dangerous but what you propose seems
           | out of proportion.
        
             | rebuilder wrote:
             | Now hold on, I think you're on to something. We still
             | haven't solved how to communicate the dangers of nuclear
             | waste to our descendants several millenia from now. What
             | better warning than thousands and thousands of skulls piled
             | around the hazmat?
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | There are already things like the Skull Chapel
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull_Chapel that are
               | basically tourist traps because of having a bunch of
               | skulls.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Actually putting in into nuclear waste solves the problem
           | forever
        
       | wonderwonder wrote:
       | Why can't people just opt to be buried without embalming or a
       | casket? Sounds like a nice way to go buried whole and maybe with
       | some sort of tree seed that grows over where you are laid.
       | 
       | Not going to lie on a personal level, the composting process
       | sounds terrible.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | Human remains can be somewhat toxic (particularly to humans).
         | 
         | Human remains are a breeding ground for disease that
         | specializes in breaking down humans. Now imagine that diseased
         | juice getting into the local water system.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "Human remains are a breeding ground for disease that
           | specializes in breaking down humans"
           | 
           | They are not diseases, but common microorganism - and they
           | are specialized into breaking down any dead organic material.
           | 
           | You don't want them in the drinking water, though. But you
           | don't want any microorganism in the drinking water.
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | It's a myth that human remains are toxic. A human body is
           | only as toxic as the living human that it once was. Which is
           | to say, avoid getting blood and feces on your mucous
           | membranes and you're not at any elevated risk.
           | 
           | With regard to drinking water, here's what the CDC advises
           | with regard to whether people should be concerned with a
           | natural abundance of un-preserved corpses in the wake of a
           | natural disaster:
           | 
           |  _" Bacteria and viruses from human remains in flood water
           | are a minor part of the overall contamination that can
           | include uncontrolled sewerage, a variety of soil and water
           | organisms, and household and industrial chemicals. There are
           | no additional practices or precautions for flood water
           | related to human remains, beyond what is normally required
           | for safe food and drinking water, standard hygiene and first
           | aid."_
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/handleremains.html
           | 
           | In general their broader advice is that you don't need to
           | worry about any sort of disease outbreak happening if there
           | are un-preserved corpses lying around (a position with which
           | the WHO concurs).
           | 
           | We should be more concerned with formaldehyde leaching out of
           | preserved corpses than from any chemical byproduct of human
           | decomposition.
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | That's usually how Muslims do it. Though we usually use very
         | simple wooden caskets to ease transportation and handling . We
         | usually also bury the corpse 24h or less after death, since we
         | traditionally couldn't preserve it ( though refrigeration made
         | that possible without embalming)
        
         | chucka9 wrote:
         | > Why can't people just opt to be buried without embalming or a
         | casket?
         | 
         | The article mentions the amount of land that this uses. I'd
         | imagine that's a big part of it.
        
         | lph wrote:
         | You can, at least here in Washington state. It's called 'green
         | burial'.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | Enbalming isn't universal; AFAIK it's forbidden, or at least
         | discouraged, in Judaism and Islam, say. Coffins also aren't
         | universal (but can be made biodegradable, anyway)
        
         | greenburial wrote:
         | "Green Burials" [1] are gaining in popularity.
         | 
         | Sadly I know this because a young person that committed suicide
         | opted for such a burial. I imagine the older generations are
         | more concerned with tradition and religion.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nhfuneral.org/green-burial-cemeteries-in-the-
         | us-...
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | > Why can't people just opt to be buried
         | 
         | Because this is a huge waste of land.
        
         | BBC-vs-neolibs wrote:
         | Cardboard caskets are half-way there.
        
         | rjbwork wrote:
         | Personally I'd opt for a Mongolian style sky burial. They just
         | take you out onto a mountainside, cut you up a little bit, and
         | the carrion birds and other animals come to eat you up. Seems
         | like the quickest way to return your elements to the earth.
        
           | rpastuszak wrote:
           | This reminds me of the Towers of Silence found in historical
           | Persia, and modern-day India:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Silence
           | 
           | Zoroastrian rituals related to death are fascinating (not
           | only because of their impact on abrahamic religions, but
           | that's a different story)
        
             | rjbwork wrote:
             | Very cool. I didn't know about this kind of death ritual
             | outside of the Mongolian steppes. Thanks for the link.
        
           | croisillon wrote:
           | how about "whale fall"
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_fall) burial, feeding
           | the oceans
        
             | cwkoss wrote:
             | Sleep With The Fishes As A Service
        
           | Y_Y wrote:
           | That beautiful circle of life is why I'm so keen on eating
           | Mongolian vulture meat.
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Please don't do this here.
        
               | rjbwork wrote:
               | Hey dang, I don't actually understand what the above
               | poster did wrong or why they were downvoted so heavily or
               | why you felt the need to personally reprimand them.
               | 
               | Not saying you or anyone else is wrong for doing so, but
               | I feel like something must be going over my head. Can you
               | enlighten me?
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | If it helps, I'm not sure either. It wasn't a
               | particularly clever joke, and it was a bit gross. I
               | didn't expect to be told off though.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | I post that particular moderation line a lot in a very
               | specific kind of context, which this felt like an example
               | of to me - but I didn't mean it to be a big deal, nor to
               | come down hard on you. I'm sorry if it felt that way!
        
               | dang wrote:
               | It wasn't a deep move, just a standard response to an
               | unsubstantive comment, perhaps with a small multiplier
               | for subject matter.
               | 
               | If that still doesn't make sense I'm happy to call it a
               | misfire.
        
         | djaychela wrote:
         | I think there is the option (at least in the UK [1]) to be
         | buried in a coffin which is quickly biodegradable, thereby
         | speeding up the recycling process.
         | 
         | [1] - https://naturalendings.co.uk/green-coffins/
        
           | rapnie wrote:
           | There's this Dutch startup growing coffins with fungus.
           | 
           | https://futurism.com/living-cocoon-coffin-fungus
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | What about getting set up on pyre in Varanasi? To be fair, not
         | really a green option (CO2 emissions) but feels a bit more
         | natural than being buried
        
           | manquer wrote:
           | CO2 is least of the problems with varansi. From disease
           | vectors to river pollution there is ton of issues with it.
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | If a plant such as a tree is grown from your remains don't you
       | basically "become" the tree?
       | 
       | I've always thought it would be great if one could become some
       | kind of long lasting tree that could last generations and could
       | be visited upon by ancestors, but I don't know how practical such
       | graveyard forests would be.
        
         | mark-wagner wrote:
         | Just like the "fathertrees" from Card's book "Speaker for the
         | Dead."
        
         | rkagerer wrote:
         | That's neat I've felt the same instinct.
        
       | uggwar wrote:
       | "It is every citizen's final duty to go into the tanks and become
       | one with all the people." - Chairman Sheng-ji Yang
        
       | gandalfian wrote:
       | I always remember Cardinal Newman instructing for a load of
       | compost to be dumped on top of his coffin to prevent there being
       | anything to dig up and sanctify. They still tried a hundred years
       | later but all they found was a brass plaque and earth...
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | Seems like an impressive timescale to remove all the bone too.
        
           | tastyfreeze wrote:
           | An active compost pile can consume an animal carcass of any
           | size, bones and all, in the 60-90 days. This is the way
           | nature recycles resources and she has gotten very good at it
           | over the eons.
        
         | maliker wrote:
         | Huh, he was also sainted by the church. Patron saint of
         | composting?
        
       | okareaman wrote:
       | Hallucinogenic mushrooms are legal to grow in Oregon so I'd like
       | have some grown on my composted body and parcel them out for a
       | ceremony of my life
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | That's a lot of pressure on whoever's propogating them. Better
         | to spread the compost somewhere they already grow (like Oregon)
         | and collect seasonally.
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | > _Better to spread the compost somewhere they already grow
           | (like Oregon) and collect seasonally._
           | 
           | Different species of psychedelic mushrooms have been found in
           | almost all of the contiguous United States and Hawai'i. It
           | used to be thought that the PNW and Southeast US were the
           | only places they grew in the US, but new native species have
           | been discovered in the last 20 years, and some of them are
           | actually quite common, prolific and apparently potent.
        
           | okareaman wrote:
           | I'm sure Shamans will become a thing now that they are legal
           | and offer a ceremony like this.
        
       | bolangi wrote:
       | According to Dr. Elaine Ingham, "the compost tea lady", a large
       | compost pile designed to be anaerobic can consume cow carcasses.
       | It does take several months.
        
         | tastyfreeze wrote:
         | >designed to be anaerobic
         | 
         | aerobic - with oxygen
         | 
         | Anaerobic decomposes as well but it is not compost. Anaerobic
         | decomposition is putrefaction and creates the "smell of death"
        
       | tisthetruth wrote:
       | I want to get dropped into an active volcano when I go. The heat
       | is already there so no need for a furnace or manufacturing of a
       | coffin. I guess the helicopter ride would be the greatest
       | emitter.
        
       | stuart78 wrote:
       | Fully support this for myself, though I don't think I need my
       | composed remains to be returned to the family. Not sure why, but
       | that feels more grim than ashes on the mantle (though I don't
       | feel a need for that either).
        
         | ElijahLynn wrote:
         | One example on the benefit of being returned to the family is
         | that they can take you and plant a tree in you and then you
         | grow into a tree, likely near the family, so that you can still
         | be with them in a physical way!
        
       | qwerty456127 wrote:
       | I actually find anti-decay measures applied to corpses
       | disgusting. I feel like corpses should be buried raw right into
       | soil or in plain wood coffins at max, not marinated in
       | formaldehyde and put in non-compostable coffins.
        
       | cascom wrote:
       | What happens to embedded e-waste/trash in humans (pace makers,
       | artificial hips, implants, etc.)?
        
         | chungy wrote:
         | Seems it would be easy to remove non-compostable materials
         | first.
        
         | giardini wrote:
         | I was told by an elderly foreign gentleman that he made his
         | living by removing such things from bodies before burial or
         | cremation. He said that the metals in teeth were most of his
         | business.
        
           | chucka9 wrote:
           | The metals in vascular stents and coils is valuable too (but
           | imagine trying to retrieve those).
           | 
           | I know someone who saved up the ones dropped or otherwise
           | opened and not used on a cath lab. I'm not sure what he did
           | after that.
        
         | Supermancho wrote:
         | In the US, if possible, my heart valve will be cut out of my
         | cadaver and sent back to the manufacturer for analysis. The
         | devices from my body, that have been replaced over time, were
         | tested until failure. The FDA is very interested in performance
         | metrics of implanted devices. The materials are not recycled in
         | the US afaik.
        
         | javajosh wrote:
         | I wonder if they could be recycled? Not joking. Those hip
         | replacement parts are incredibly expensive; I'm sure there are
         | folks who are in need and could use a cheaper option.
        
           | doggodaddo78 wrote:
           | Repo Men (2010)
        
             | ChrisRR wrote:
             | Repo! The Genetic Opera (2008)
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | They are recycled in some places. Such as sub-saharan Africa
        
             | BBC-vs-neolibs wrote:
             | In Sweden they used to reuse pacemakers a couple decades
             | back. Don't know about now. I think also American
             | pacemakers are exported to India.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | probably pales in comparison to other waste
        
         | doggodaddo78 wrote:
         | Googling would answer your questions.
         | 
         | Pacemakers are removed carefully, especially if they include
         | RTGs.
         | 
         | http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2015/ph241/degraw2/
         | 
         | Prosthetic implants are typically not removed.
         | 
         | https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140311-body-parts-that-...
        
       | rhacker wrote:
       | Remind me to never buy soil from Oregon.
        
       | elif wrote:
       | I was really excited thinking this was going to be about
       | humanure.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | _Recompose, the country's first human composting funeral home
       | does it like this: a corpse is placed in a cylinder with organic
       | materials, like wood chips, plants, and straw, then heated and
       | turned repeatedly for several weeks with a hook until it's broken
       | down into a nutrient-rich soil that can be delivered back to the
       | family or used for planting._
       | 
       | It's like what the mafia used to do to dissolve bodies
        
         | cwkoss wrote:
         | Wow, the whole process only takes several weeks?
        
           | rags2riches wrote:
           | A simple backyard compost will go through chicken bones quite
           | well once it gets going. I'm not surprised an optimized
           | process can take care of a whole body in a matter of weeks.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | I mean, why do all this theater when there is a much better
         | long lived and respected tradition: Burial-at-Sea. Roughly 60%
         | of the US pop lives within a 100 miles of a seacoast.
         | 
         | Wrap them in something organic for presentation, a weight
         | stone, then, go out to sea (with family along option -others
         | may be ok with remote video) and let them slip into the ocean
         | like sailors buried at sea.
         | 
         | No creepiness, no vicarious cannibalism via eating veggies
         | nourished by uncle Vinnie or aunt Mathilda or anything.
         | 
         | Traditional burial-at-sea.
        
           | pvaldes wrote:
           | Well... Would be more like crepiness on steroids, "final
           | dungeon boss level".
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owKFlNU_T5w
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7t1WguYJyE
        
           | petre wrote:
           | How about burial in a volcano? All natural cremation.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | That could be an option for Hawai'i!
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | Parts of the body will decompose at different rates, so it
           | won't be long before parts of the body will detach from the
           | part that is weighted down. 7,000 people in the US die every
           | day, 2.6 million a year. Random body parts from millions upon
           | millions of corpses quickly find their way onto beaches
           | everywhere, to the delight of sunbathers.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | Was that reported around Leyte gulf and areas where
             | thousands perished at sea? It may be a concern, but I'm not
             | sure.
        
               | kibwen wrote:
               | I don't know about the WWII case, but in countries like
               | the UK where it is legal to be buried at sea there are
               | regulations about where you can perform the ceremony
               | specifically because bodies do drift:
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-guernsey-24224570
               | 
               | Although the article mentions that this is the first time
               | it's happened in 25 years, note that only about a dozen
               | people every year choose to be buried in this way:
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-38210497
        
               | livueta wrote:
               | It's definitely a thing even without combat areas: https:
               | //en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salish_Sea_human_foot_discov...
               | 
               | So if you scale up from the relatively small numbers of
               | people who die (and whose bodies aren't recovered) by
               | accident or suicide near/in water, it's probably
               | reasonable to expect a lot more of this. Maybe your idea
               | is workable if you go far enough out that any detached
               | remnants are grabbed by the big oceanic gyres.
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | Or if the people buried at sea aren't wearing anything
               | too buoyant, such as sneakers.
        
           | ssully wrote:
           | As someone who lives in the middle of the United States,
           | shipping my body out to the closest ocean for burial and
           | flying family out to witness my burial doesn't seem very
           | practical.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | We have inland seas. The Great Lakes are vast and they can
             | be barged out to sea (we'd need agreements with Canada; but
             | feasible)
             | 
             | It may not be cost effective for some... but a large
             | percentage (~60%) of the US pop live within a 100 miles
             | from seashores...
        
               | clajiness wrote:
               | Lake Superior is perpetually cold and near-sterile when
               | you get deep enough. Not the greatest place if you want
               | bodies to decompose.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | My understanding is that the EPA does not allow you to
               | dump human corpses in lakes. You also need to go >3 miles
               | out to sea. https://www.epa.gov/ocean-dumping/burial-sea
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | Some entity was also probably not okay with composting
               | bodies in your backyard --till this.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | In California you can't bury a corpse in your backyard
               | either. But in most states you can.
        
           | philwelch wrote:
           | I'm down with a "Viking funeral". Yes, I know that the
           | Vikings didn't actually float their dead out to sea on
           | perfectly good boats that were set on fire, but it's still a
           | cool idea.
        
           | slipframe wrote:
           | What are the energy costs of transporting a body from inland
           | out onto the ocean? Probably less than cremation I suppose.
           | Still, with some slight modifications I think you could
           | improve efficiency. Load the bodies into shipping containers,
           | to take advantage of all that existing logistics
           | infrastructure, then push the whole container over the side
           | once the container ship is an appropriate distance from
           | shore. You can even tell families that Vinnie and Mathilda
           | have become an artificial reef.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | Another pandemic, but this time with the Plague? No, please
             | no shipping containers
             | 
             | Every year every person in US produces >10 tons of CO2, any
             | energy required for their body disposal is irrelevant.
        
         | meristohm wrote:
         | For anyone disturbed by the thought of a body being turned with
         | a hook, consider who that person is since they died. My
         | perspective is that they're a memory in whoever remembers. They
         | have lasting impacts to varying degrees. Now they are a
         | collection of elements, much of which supports many other
         | living things. I care that the body is processed in a way
         | towards most ecological reciprocity, whatever that may be for
         | that region of the world.
        
           | mirkules wrote:
           | Your phrasing is very interesting: "consider who that person
           | is since they died." It's interesting because you refer to
           | the dead person in the present tense, "who it is," not "who
           | it was". Yet, in the following sentence you say "they are a
           | collection of elements." Even when attempting to state "cold
           | hard facts," we cannot help but exhibit our humanity, and
           | it's a reminder why we should treat the dead with respect. In
           | my opinion, being alive is more than just a collection of
           | atoms and the interactions between them. And in death, while
           | the electrons stop moving in that particular way that made us
           | alive, that "something special" still remains in the form of
           | their memory.
        
           | Erik816 wrote:
           | Treating our dead with respect is probably one of the oldest
           | signs of human culture. People care a lot about the bodies of
           | their deceased loved ones. See Antigone by Sophocles. You're
           | welcome to your views, but most people have strong, deeply
           | felt emotions and opinions on how dead bodies should be
           | properly handled.
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | If this seems disrespectful, then I encourage you to look
             | into what the embalming process actually entails, as (IMO)
             | it's worse: https://youtu.be/B5-NtLmKUDE?t=201
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | Things like this, though, show that those attitudes are
             | changing. Not rapidly, and certainly not in a majority of
             | people, but they are indeed changing.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | at_a_remove wrote:
         | I believe that there was someone in the Mafia whose procedure
         | was not unlike the modern lye hydrolysis methods -- heat,
         | pressure, and a basic solution. Rendering took only hours,
         | supposedly, an efficient method of _Llupara bianca_.
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | This description seems unpleasant, especially the hook part. I
         | expect they need some better description that doesn't involve
         | people picturing themself or their loved ones being torn up by
         | a hook.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | I didn't even consider that as a possible interpretation. I
           | thought of the hook as a crank to turn the cylinder. But now
           | you have me questioning which is correct?
        
             | souldeux wrote:
             | I personally pictured something similar to the dough hook
             | attachment on my stand mixer
        
             | tantalor wrote:
             | This earlier article is less ambiguous,
             | 
             | > Over the next 30 days, naturally-occurring microbes--and
             | a few turnings with a tool similar to a dough hook--break
             | the body down.
             | 
             | https://www.vice.com/en/article/93wmd5/the-first-us-
             | funeral-...
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | That's pretty interesting. Does leave me with a different
               | opinion on the service. Not sure if good/bad, just
               | different.
               | 
               | Edit: after a few minutes of thought, I definitely like
               | this less. Imagining my body like a pair of shoes banging
               | around in the dryer or torn to shreds is not a great
               | thought. In a way it's irrational. I don't think of
               | cremation as my body in an inferno even thought that's
               | what it is. I've always liked the idea of just having
               | myself tossed in a hole and a tree planted over me. I've
               | done this with my late dogs and it's always a joy to
               | revisit the tree even after (especially after) years
               | past. Gives me a feeling they are there still. It's odd
               | but such is life, and death.
        
               | mrkurt wrote:
               | It sure ruins the illusion of "being at peace". Laying
               | there and just slowly fading away? Peaceful. Getting
               | stirred up so you break down faster? Ick.
               | 
               | I'll probably get over it but I had a similar visceral
               | reaction.
        
           | ryanmcbride wrote:
           | I don't think the bodies will mind. I know mine won't when
           | I'm gone. Sure some particularly squeemish family members
           | might have an issue with it but as long as it's in the
           | deceased's will, and they entrusted the right person as
           | executor of estate, it shouldn't be a problem.
           | 
           | If it's legal by the time my clock is up I'd like a "burial"
           | where they just throw my body into a forest and let nature
           | take its course, but that one's probably gonna take a lot
           | longer to be legal because of the worry that like, a coyote
           | will drag an arm or something into a populated area.
           | Previously my plan was to have my ashes pressed into a vinyl
           | record of my music and distributed among friends and family
           | but now this is a pretty appealing prospect.
           | 
           | Anyone interested in eco-death is probably well aware of this
           | youtube channel but if not you should check this out:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWo2-LHwGMM
        
           | quesera wrote:
           | Yes, that is not great marketing copy.
           | 
           | But I suspect that if people knew what "embalming" means,
           | they'd be squeamish about that as well.
           | 
           | ...
           | 
           | I was present for a cremation sale where the funeral director
           | explained that they fire the body, then collect any metals
           | (titanium screws etc) and sell them for scrap.
           | 
           | This bothered me, but I can't say (still to this day) whether
           | it was because it seemed way too graphic for the average
           | bereaved family member, or if I was just offended that the
           | crematorium thought it was OK to sell other peoples'
           | property.
        
         | incrudible wrote:
         | This is abhorrent, as if it was taken unironically out of a
         | dystopian science fiction novel.
         | 
         | Decomposition is a natural process that happens to any corpse.
         | It does not need to be optimized. That said, it does not need
         | to be slowed down with embalming either.
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | Beware of articles like these. They are PR pieces profiling the
       | services of a company. And making it seem like everyone is doing
       | it. and how it is all the rage.
        
         | throwkeep wrote:
         | PG has an essay on that, submarine articles:
         | http://www.paulgraham.com/submarine.html
        
       | datameta wrote:
       | > Cremation-in which a body is burned into ash--is an energy suck
       | and emits damaging pollutants and carbon dioxide into the
       | atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
       | 
       | > a corpse is placed in a cylinder with organic materials, like
       | wood chips, plants, and straw, then heated and turned repeatedly
       | for several weeks with a hook until it's broken down into a
       | nutrient-rich soil
       | 
       | I wonder how much energy it takes to complete the composting
       | process and how they can ensure that the electricity needed (even
       | if less than cremation) is generated by sustainable methods.
        
         | soco wrote:
         | I would think bone doesn't break down much during this process.
         | So what are we left to do with the mixed-up skeleton?
        
           | HKH2 wrote:
           | Make jelly?
        
             | verisimilitude wrote:
             | Given prions, I would imagine this would be a step backward
             | for public health.
        
               | wavefunction wrote:
               | That assumes prions.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | You know what they say: assume prions, or get kuru.
        
               | soco wrote:
               | That assumes public health.
        
           | foxyv wrote:
           | Aerobic bacteria in composters can eat bone, egg shells, and
           | meat pretty well. If you are going to do it in a garden
           | though you will want something to contain the smell and
           | prevent breeding of pests.
           | 
           | https://www.cleanairgardening.com/how-to-compost-meat/
        
         | foxyv wrote:
         | Turning a compost pile takes very little energy. So little in
         | fact that a human can do it with one hand in a minute. Leave
         | the container in the sun for heat, and turn it on an axle. In
         | addition it's only once a day at most.
         | 
         | Heat in the winter would be less than the amount used for those
         | electric blankets. In the summer you could almost power the
         | composter with a car battery.
         | 
         | Cremation takes a about 40 kilowatt hours of electricity or
         | fuel. The process usually requires very expensive furnaces that
         | can get hot enough. In addition it requires special permits and
         | there are a lot of regulations and zoning limitations.
         | 
         | However, 40 kwh isn't that much compared to steel and concrete
         | production. Especially since the per capita is literally 40kwh.
         | Most people use more than that to brush their teeth. The real
         | advantage (of composting) is that it makes a cheaper
         | alternative for families of deceased.
        
           | solomonb wrote:
           | There are anerobic composting methods that are even more
           | passive then what is described in the article.
           | 
           | For example, in Bokashi composting you innoculate your
           | organic matter with a blend of anerobic microbes (primarily
           | Lacto Bacillus) store in anerobic conditions for a few weeks.
           | When you empty the bucket it doesn't look especially
           | decomposed but it smells sweet and pickled. You can then bury
           | it in your yard and it rapidly decomposes into soil.
           | 
           | This method can safely decompose meat, dairy, and all sorts
           | of materials you wouldn't ordinarily consider safe for at
           | home aerobic composting. I imagine it would be an ideal
           | system for a compost burial process so long as the family is
           | okay with the idea of fermenting their loved ones..
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | I'm sure someone can calculate it, but it wouldn't be much.
         | It'd be an electric motor running slow with relatively light
         | weight (<300lbs). Likely less than 10kWh for the entire
         | process.
         | 
         | As for sustainability, Wouldn't be hard to power the whole
         | thing with a solar farm and batteries. That said, oregon is
         | part of a set of states which draw a very large portion of
         | their power from hydro.
        
       | potiuper wrote:
       | Environmentally naive:
       | https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/cemetery-soil-human-re...
       | Promession, which is legal in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and
       | South Korea, but not yet a reality is a better solution:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HD5Gt80H6s
        
       | telesilla wrote:
       | I hope to donate my body to science. Depending on the manner of
       | death and location, it should be a matter of specifying it in
       | your will.
        
       | ElijahLynn wrote:
       | This is really huge!!! I'll definitely choose this route when my
       | time comes!
       | 
       | Open burials for pets and such are also legal here in Oregon as
       | long as it is 100 or so feet away from a water source, like a
       | stream, pond, lake etc.
        
       | helge9210 wrote:
       | Soylent Green is people! (c)
        
         | doggodaddo78 wrote:
         | Oy! Get back here you!
        
           | doggodaddo78 wrote:
           | People didn't watch Cloud Atlas. D:
        
         | rubyfan wrote:
         | You beat me to it
        
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