[HN Gopher] Six charged in Silicon Valley insider trading ring
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Six charged in Silicon Valley insider trading ring
        
       Author : edward
       Score  : 161 points
       Date   : 2021-06-16 17:07 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sec.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sec.gov)
        
       | arduinomancer wrote:
       | > Using sophisticated data analysis
       | 
       | Curious what that entails.
       | 
       | Does the SEC have some automated alerting of suspiciously well
       | timed trades?
        
         | cldellow wrote:
         | I'm not even sure you need sophisticated data analysis.
         | 
         | The two people who did the biggest trades:
         | 
         | - weren't involved in the finance industry (a school teacher
         | and an equipment leasing business)
         | 
         | - had never traded options before
         | 
         | - did the brokerage know-your-client process to get approved
         | for options 1-2 weeks before quarterly earnings came out
         | 
         | - profited $884,000 and $175,000
         | 
         | A SQL query looking for people who made > 100K within 2 weeks
         | of opening their account would catch these people, and probably
         | have relatively few false positives.
        
         | gene91 wrote:
         | SEC and FINRA invest a lot in Data Analytics. Go to
         | https://technology.finra.org/tech.html and you'll see that they
         | use the same tools as the internet industry.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | I'm still reeling from "six-figure gambling debt".
       | 
       | Man, who _are_ these people?
        
         | Simulacra wrote:
         | That is a shockingly high number. I think it's the same people
         | in that meme things you realize when you're adult: More people
         | do cocaine than you think. Gambling, drugs, OnlyFans,
         | eventually debt adds up.
        
         | purple_ferret wrote:
         | Davey Scatino
        
       | bosswipe wrote:
       | > Using sophisticated data analysis, the SEC was able to uncover
       | this insider trading ring
       | 
       | I wonder if there's any ML involved here.
        
       | hkmurakami wrote:
       | Today's Matt Levine post on this is a must read
       | 
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-06-16/don-t-...
        
         | nostrademons wrote:
         | Followed a couple links from that and came upon this doozy of a
         | story on insider trading tradecraft:
         | 
         | https://archive.is/zYj0R
        
         | wp381640 wrote:
         | That column is pretty much always a must-read
        
       | plank_time wrote:
       | I guess the way you throw off the algorithms is by having a
       | strategy of making large wins and medium losses and only taking
       | the delta between the two. Then it would be pretty hard to prove
       | insider trading just from the trading records.
        
       | fny wrote:
       | > Bannon agreed to pay a civil penalty of $281,497, Rauch agreed
       | to pay a civil penalty of $128,230, and Ramaiya agreed to pay a
       | civil penalty of $65,780. Sood also consented to the entry of a
       | final judgment and agreed to pay a civil penalty of $178,320.
       | 
       | So the SEC claims they found $1.7M in insider trading, and they
       | only collect $700K. This assumes the ring didn't do more.
       | 
       | No wonder bigger players do this in size. What a joke.
        
         | wnevets wrote:
         | God forbid if you steal a pack of gum, have an oz of weed or
         | write a bad check though.
        
         | jmacd wrote:
         | I saw the name Rauch and my heart sank!
         | 
         | Thank goodness it didn't go the way I thought it did for a
         | second there.
        
         | u678u wrote:
         | I'm guessing the penalty is low because they're not
         | professionals.
         | 
         | > No wonder bigger players do this in size. What a joke.
         | 
         | Not sure who you mean by that. SEC is all over every major
         | player.
        
           | zhengyi13 wrote:
           | I don't know who GP might have had in mind, if any specifics,
           | but what comes immediately to my mind at least is the whole-
           | lotta-smoke that seems to come from the general vicinity of
           | Congress (e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_congression
           | al_insider_tra...).
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _the SEC claims they found $1.7M in insider trading, and they
         | only collect $700K_
         | 
         | Nothing has been collected. This is a complaint [1] being put
         | to court demanding a jury trial. The SS 21A civil monetary
         | penalties are in addition to "further relief as the Court deems
         | appropriate," which is legal speak for we don't know how to
         | divvy up the gains just yet but want to put specific dollar
         | fines in the complaint attached to each defendant. (The SEC
         | doesn't put people in jail. The DoJ is conducting its criminal
         | investigation, which takes more time for obvious reasons.)
         | 
         | There is a stark difference between financial professionals and
         | laypeople in terms of how they judge the risk of getting caught
         | for insider trading and the scale of the punishment that comes
         | with it.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.sec.gov/litigation/complaints/2021/comp-
         | pr2021-1...
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Not quite:
         | 
         |  _Wylam has consented to a permanent injunction with civil
         | penalties, if any, to be decided later by the court. The SEC's
         | litigation against Brown is continuing.
         | 
         | In parallel proceedings, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the
         | Northern District of California today announced related
         | criminal charges against Brown, Wylam, and Sood._
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | They avoided losses and only made some gains
         | 
         | SEC went after the new money
        
         | jwineinger wrote:
         | IANAL, but I assume these penalties be on top of the seizure of
         | the illicit gains. If not, I completely agree with your
         | sentiment.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | If guilty, it's a joke that they only have to pay a penalty
         | instead of going to jail. It means it's rational for everyone
         | to try insider trading at least once, knowing that if you fail
         | the worst that can hapepn is you lose your profits.
        
           | pmoriarty wrote:
           | Even if they did go to jail they'd likely get a short stint
           | at a minimum security country club.
           | 
           | Meanwhile someone stealing a pack of chewing gum from a
           | convenience store might get shot, and someone stealing a $500
           | TV could wind up serving hard time in a prison where they
           | might get raped, tortured, or murdered.
        
           | onemoresoop wrote:
           | That's the sad truth, these laws were written with a
           | dedication for the white collar and the rich. We will never
           | get better as a nation if we don't don't address these issues
           | first. Or the alternative is to wait for the house of cards
           | to collapse and start over.
        
             | outworlder wrote:
             | That's all done on purpose.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rStL7niR7gs
        
           | ascagnel_ wrote:
           | As other commenters have noted, the SEC doesn't have the
           | power to bring criminal complaints; however, they do
           | frequently refer such cases to the DoJ, which is in the
           | process of bringing criminal complaints against three of the
           | conspirators.
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | That's some ultrasmall fish right there. Just weeks ago
         | Pelosi's husband made a few millions off timely bought MSFT
         | call options, right before Pelosi gave MS a gov contract. In
         | their case is very legal because high rank gov figures are
         | exempt from the insider trading law.
        
         | gamblor956 wrote:
         | In 2020, SCOTUS decided to limit the SEC's ability to impose
         | disgorgement of profits sanctions, see Liu v SEC.
         | https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/18-1501_8n5a.pdf.
         | 
         | The rationale behind the decision was that disgorgement imposed
         | joint and several liability rather than individual liabiity,
         | and that disgorgement didn't take into account business
         | expenses incurred in acquiring the illegally acquired income...
         | 
         | So now, the SEC has to determine disgorgement sanctions on a
         | per-defendant basis, rather than assessing it as a single joint
         | amount and making the wrong-doers go after each other for
         | reimbursements.
         | 
         | Note though that the $700k are just the fines, not the
         | disgorgement sanction, which will presumably be issued soon.
         | (The $700k penalties are not treated as deductible expenses, so
         | they're effectively on top of whatever disgorgement is
         | ordered.)
        
       | anonygler wrote:
       | $1.7m can't even buy a house.
       | 
       | This is nothing compared to the ubiquitous congressional insider
       | trading that goes on.
        
         | atatatat wrote:
         | lol...you should move.
        
         | Karsteski wrote:
         | > $1.7m can't even buy a house.
         | 
         | I really dislike when people make such obviously inane
         | statements like this...
        
       | jb775 wrote:
       | > Using sophisticated data analysis, the SEC was able to uncover
       | this insider trading ring and hold each of its participants
       | accountable
       | 
       | Anyone know details about the analysis they do? I'm assuming some
       | sort of scan that notices when multiple people in the same
       | geographic area and/or are publicly connected in some way (i.e.
       | are fb friends) simultaneously place massive stock market orders
       | on the same security.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | White collar crimes are barely punished - what a joke.
       | 
       | Insider trading isn't larceny, but for the sake of conversation
       | let's say it was - 1 million in insider trading would be like
       | 4000 counts of grand larceny, each of which carry a max fine of
       | 25K each.
       | 
       | If people were actually fined 100 million for 1 million of
       | insider trading I bet you it'd stop happening.
       | 
       | For comparison $250 or more stolen is grand larceny and has a max
       | fine of 25K and/or 5 years in state prison.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > I bet you it'd stop happening
         | 
         | You'd lose that bet. The death penalty didn't stop
         | pickpocketing, or any other crimes, for that matter.
         | 
         | People just don't work like that. Constantly ratcheting up the
         | penalties starts moving into medieval territory rather quickly.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | There's little connection between violent and non-violent
           | crimes other than them both being crimes. I didn't make any
           | claim about violent crimes so I'm not sure why you even
           | mentioned the death penalty.
           | 
           | The reality is, if you see these articles, average the
           | restitution and see that in general you only pay 50% of what
           | you illegally gained, there's little deterrence.
        
             | stonemetal12 wrote:
             | Who said anything about violent crimes? He brought up that
             | in Victorian England pickpocketing (a non violent crime)
             | carried the death penalty. Even with the ultimate
             | punishment pickpocketing still happened.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | This is misleading because at the same time hundreds of
               | other types of crimes, violent and non-violent could also
               | result in the death penalty.
               | 
               | Not to mention that was centuries ago and circumstances
               | were very different. What punishment has completely
               | stopped crime? No punishment can completely stop a crime
               | from occurring, but the problem with insider trading is
               | that the punishment doesn't even get back what was taken,
               | so in a way you're rewarded, not punished.
        
           | mgkimsal wrote:
           | > The death penalty didn't stop ...
           | 
           | Are you sure? How would you be sure? If there's even a few
           | people who've come close to committing a crime, then
           | considered the punishment (prison/execution), then decided
           | against the crime... isn't that "stopping" it?
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | > Are you sure?
             | 
             | Since people kept getting hung for pickpocketing, the
             | thread obviously failed to deter them.
             | 
             | > isn't that "stopping" it?
             | 
             | Reduce it, maybe, but not stopping it.
        
               | neolog wrote:
               | > getting hung for pickpocketing
               | 
               | When/where did this happen?
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | https://academic.oup.com/aler/article-
               | abstract/4/2/295/25144...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickpocketing#Prosecution
               | 
               | All you gotta do is google "hung for pickpocketing".
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | I find human psychology interesting, like Cialdini's book
             | on persuasion. It seems that people are generally bad at
             | making rational risk/reward decisions, even well-educated
             | ones. (This explains the popularity of lotteries, for
             | example.)
             | 
             | Another way it's been put is people don't do fractions.
             | They do not distinguish very well getting $10 as a reward
             | vs getting $100. The same with gifts not being appreciated
             | in proportion to the value of them - summed up in the
             | phrase "it's the thought that counts."
             | 
             | I expect it's pretty much the same for penalties. I
             | seriously doubt, for example, if a 1 year prison sentence
             | does not deter, 5 years would.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | You have to consider the counterfactual in which there is no
           | deterrent. Just because it doesn't deter all doesn't make it
           | useless.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | I was responding to the word "stopping" the crime, which
             | means all, and was clearly the intent of the post.
        
         | kyleblarson wrote:
         | Have you been to a Walgreens in SF lately?
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | No, but I know what you're referring to and that's a great
           | example and is my point - see what happens when you don't
           | punish people for clear criminal activity?
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | White collar crime can be punished very severely if it agaisnt
         | individuals. Wire and mail fraud carry stiff penalties. Insider
         | trading is somewhat different becase it's more about being it
         | being unfair than theft or exploitation of another person or
         | company. It is somewhere in the grey area of a victim vs.
         | vicmtimless crime.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Insider trading is somewhat different becase it 's more
           | about being it being unfair than theft or exploitation of
           | another person of company_
           | 
           | Unlike wire or mail fraud, there is very little statute to
           | stand on [1]. It's mostly common law, which makes the
           | prosecute-or-not decision more challenging.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insider_trading#United_Stat
           | es_...
        
         | u678u wrote:
         | There is no way a first time offender who steals $250 would get
         | 5 years.
        
         | whywhywhywhy wrote:
         | >White collar crimes are barely punished - what a joke.
         | 
         | and not punished at all if you're a politician
        
         | drstewart wrote:
         | >If people were actually fined 100 million for 1 million of
         | insider trading I bet you it'd stop happening.
         | 
         | >For comparison $250 or more stolen is grand larceny and has a
         | max fine of 25K and/or 5 years in state prison.
         | 
         | And as we all know, there's no more grand larceny
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | Larceny sentencing is also incredibly lenient in practice.
           | This month an Erie County bookkeeper stole 90K from her
           | clients and only had to pay 50K in restitution.
           | 
           | My general point is that white collar criminals are hardly
           | punished in practice - not that insider trading should be
           | treated as larceny. (Because as I pointed out the sentencing
           | is generally light anyway)
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | But insider trading isn't comparable to larceny whatsoever.
         | There is no definitive victim. Yes, in some sense the market is
         | "less fair". But the purpose of insider trading law isn't to
         | create a level playing field. It's perfectly legal for a well-
         | funded hedge fund to fly helicopters over an oil refinery with
         | infrared cameras, so they can know ahead before a public
         | announcement how much revenue the company is doing.
         | 
         | Rather, all insider trading requires the breach of fiduciary
         | duty somewhere in the chain. The "victim" aren't mom and pop
         | investors, but the company itself. The idea being that the
         | insider who leaks the information is misappropriating his
         | fiduciary duty in a way that's not in the direct interest of
         | the company.
         | 
         | But in this case the damage to the company is far less than the
         | amount of profits the perpetrator gains. Ask yourself, where if
         | you owned a company would you rather have $100 million in cash
         | embezzled or have an employee make $100 million off well-timed
         | stock trades with unrelated third parties?
         | 
         | The damage to the victim only occurs in the sense that adverse
         | selection in the form of insider trading dampens liquidity in
         | the secondary market for company's shares. Theoretically this
         | decrease in liquidity should hurt the company's valuation by
         | making shares trade at an illiquidity discount.
         | 
         | In practice, given how extremely liquid and efficient modern
         | stock markets are, the impact of a few million in insider
         | trading is a rounding error. The vast majority of HFTs and stat
         | arb funds that provide liquidity don't hold anywhere long
         | enough to where insider trading would make a significant
         | difference. Most stocks trade thick at a minimum penny tick
         | anyway. (Logically we should only prosecute insider trading
         | when stocks are priced over $100.) And the evidence is scant
         | that less liquid stocks even trade at a discount, after
         | controlling for size and industry.
         | 
         | If we're actually punishing crime based on the damage to the
         | victim, then insider trading is almost certainly only pennies
         | on the headline number.
        
           | nverno wrote:
           | It's more comparable to people taking a shortcut down a
           | switchback or through a garden. If a few people do it, no big
           | deal, if everyone does it the whole thing falls apart. When I
           | hear about insider trading I don't care one way or the other
           | about the people who did it- but I do lose some faith in the
           | market.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | Given that markets are supposed to be information
           | aggregators, it would actually be fairer if insider trading
           | was allowed. Of course, as with all things, the profit would
           | be much less if it were.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | My point isn't insider trading in particular but white collar
           | crime in general. Even with your example, why not just make
           | insider trading legal then, if there is no victim per se?
           | Presumably the entire reason it's illegal, in addition to
           | what you said, is because the existence of insiders trading
           | would make the entire stock market itself no longer something
           | where laypeople can confidently say is fair in the sense that
           | risk-adjusted publicly-informed trades are optimal.
           | Presumably said laypeople would exit the stock market after
           | losing confident of it, resulting is less liquidity.
           | 
           | It's like pump and dumps, where the dumps aren't technically
           | making victims of anyone as it's not like they've necessarily
           | realized any loses. Regardless, money is being extracted from
           | the so-called victims one way or another.
           | 
           | in any case, I do agree with your point.
        
         | sithlord wrote:
         | Part of the challenge of fining someone is, to fine them in
         | such a way that it is painful, and achievable. Fining someone
         | 100million for 1 million in trading would be a punishment that
         | no one would be able to pay back. Also, would just immediately
         | invoke a chapter 13 bankruptcy, which I think, would discharge
         | these. So basically you would just be issuing public bankruptcy
         | with such extreme amounts.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | fraud penalties are not dischargeable. I'm not sure if this
           | sort of penalty is a "fraud penalty," but you could structure
           | a fine where it's with you for life.
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | The real penalty is having a federal felony on your record.
         | 
         | Good luck ever getting a white collar job ever again.
         | 
         | Research has shown that (especially) for non-violent crimes,
         | the real deterrent is getting caught at all, not the amount of
         | punishment.
        
         | brianwawok wrote:
         | Right. But if someone has total assets of say 500k... whats the
         | difference of a 1 million or a 100 million dollar fine? You
         | literally cannot collect either before the person dies / moves
         | to Mexico.
        
       | Sr_developer wrote:
       | 1 MM earned in an inside trading? That should be in the position
       | number 2340 in last year alone. Glad to see the SEC has their
       | priorities straight.
        
       | mrtweetyhack wrote:
       | The whole stock market is a giant scam
        
       | ffggvv wrote:
       | glad the sec spends all its time on 6 randos rather than meme
       | stocks, scam chinese education companies, nft/crypto, scam spacs,
       | tesla, etc...
       | 
       | definitely have their priorities right
        
         | math-dev wrote:
         | SEC is clearly corrupt...which is a sad reflection of current
         | affairs
        
         | BeFlatXIII wrote:
         | The stock market should be an honest unregulated casino. Don't
         | invest if you can't afford to lose it all should be the name of
         | the game.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | It really shouldn't.
           | 
           | At a societal level, the point of having a stock market at
           | all is to increase the amount of investment capital
           | available. An unregulated market where people are at
           | significant risk of big losses due to crime, fraud, etc is
           | one that will not attract nearly as much capital. Less
           | investment capital means less growth and a poorer society.
           | 
           | As proof that regulation is valuable, look at all of the
           | foreign companies that list on the US's highly regulated
           | markets. They are willing to meet US transparency and
           | accountability standards because that's how they get lots of
           | cheap capital. In other words, the marketplace of
           | marketplaces proves the value of highly regulated public
           | markets.
        
             | BeFlatXIII wrote:
             | Fair point on the marketplace of marketplaces. Using
             | taxpayer dollars and prisons to enforce a transparent and
             | accountable market still rubs me the wrong way. Outright
             | fraud (eg. a dishonest broker pocketing the $100 instead of
             | purchasing the stock for his client), I have no problems
             | prosecuting with the full force of the government. It's the
             | rules that provide an illusion of being something other
             | than buyer beware that I chafe at the idea of government
             | intervention.
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Where's Pelosi?
        
       | underseacables wrote:
       | It's amazing the SEC is able to find the stuff out. It's like
       | what happen with Josh Chassion at Facebook. Eventually leaking
       | confidential data is going to get you in trouble, and maybe jail,
       | but people still do it.
        
       | asah wrote:
       | This is how the SEC spends its resources? This is considered
       | newsworthy? $2M is considered material in 2021?
       | 
       | If they'd been in charge of the WW2 military, instead of Omaha
       | Beach, we'd have a press release about one random dead Nazi.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | The SEC has a habit of going after all sorts of small fry. My
         | favourite is when they went after this moron who made $3100 off
         | call options by performing this elaborate scam to make it seem
         | like Fitbit was being acquired.
         | 
         | The guy is a class A dummkopf since he performed all this
         | easily traceable nonsense for a miserable $3100. But it's still
         | only $3100 hahaha. The only thing the press release is good for
         | is for entertainment.
         | 
         | https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2017-107
        
         | throwaway789256 wrote:
         | I agree with this. The SEC cracks down on amateur inside-
         | traders, because the professionals no how to cover their
         | tracks: they have the resources to fight it in court; and the
         | smart ones hire the SEC staff via the revolving door.
         | 
         | This case is hilarious, and for that I applaud the SEC, but
         | it's also theater.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | You seem to be implying this is the only thing they have done,
         | which is odd.
         | 
         | I think they should go after big fish of course. But there's
         | also value in going after the littler fish. You don't want
         | people thinking they can get away with insider trading if they
         | just keep their crimes under the big-fish threshold. After all,
         | there are a lot more little fish out there, and most serious
         | criminals have a long pattern of escalation. It's valuable to
         | keep people off the path entirely.
        
       | jb775 wrote:
       | The SEC is the HR department of hedge funds. (i.e. it exists to
       | protect hedge fund managers)
       | 
       | There's systemic corruption at the highest levels, but the SEC
       | decides to go after a handful of little guys. The next French
       | Revolution is a ticking time-bomb.
        
       | moron4hire wrote:
       | So what was their mistake? Not including any US senators?
        
         | jessaustin wrote:
         | They didn't even have any company executives. The highest
         | ranking manager was something called a "revenue recognition
         | manager". Dude should have known that insider trading
         | regulations are how chief executives punish defectors from
         | their ongoing conspiracy against the investing public.
        
       | omarhaneef wrote:
       | Covered in Matt Levine today and highlights some details:
       | 
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-06-16/don-t-...
       | 
       | Such as:
       | 
       | Shortly after seeing the screenshot of Wylam's account on July
       | 28, Brown called Wylam on the telephone. During the call, Wylam
       | explained how he made such large profits purchasing Infinera put
       | options before the July 27 announcement. Brown "flipped out"
       | because, in his view, the massive size of Wylam's trades and
       | profits raised an "obvious red flag."
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | https://archive.is/Y6H89
        
       | throwaway0a5e wrote:
       | > Brown ... repeatedly tipped ... to his best friend Wylam ...
       | Wylam ... traded on this information and also tipped Sood .. Sood
       | traded on this information and tipped his three friends also
       | illegally traded on the information.
       | 
       | (edited for brevity)
       | 
       | So it sounds like Brown texted his bestie something he shouldn't
       | have. Bestie then passed it on to people who made lot of money on
       | it. The SEC, through some combination of SQL select statements
       | and creative greps managed to nab the bigger idiots and follow
       | them back to the source. Everyone who obviously violated the law
       | by trading on info they shouldn't have has settled and the SEC is
       | still trying to nail Brown.
       | 
       | Since Brown didn't trade I fail to see where he violated the law.
       | Contractual obligations with his employer maybe. Regulatory
       | requirements maybe. But you generally need to trade or have
       | reason to suspect that someone will trade in order to insider
       | trade.
       | 
       | Edit: by "the law" I mean the subsection of 10b that the SEC
       | release implies the whole crew violated. Not some unrelated
       | regulatory law.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bobbylarrybobby wrote:
         | > Since Brown didn't trade I fail to see where he violated the
         | law
         | 
         | This article suggests that he may have engaged in conspiracy to
         | commit securities fraud. https://www.latimes.com/business/la-
         | fi-supreme-court-insider...
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | That article seems to be talking about Wylan, not Brown.
           | 
           | >$1.5 million in stock profits by _trading on confidential
           | tips that originated from his brother-in-law,_ an investment
           | banker in California.
           | 
           | Brown may have violated some minor regulatory laws depending
           | on the specific details of his employment but you generally
           | need to trade, benefit or have reason to think trading is
           | happening on your info in order to get slapped for insider
           | trading.
        
         | johntb86 wrote:
         | The SEC complaint mentions this:
         | 
         | > On August 5, 2016, Brown--whose tips enabled his friend,
         | Wylam, to make nearly one million dollars--texted his then-
         | girlfriend to inform her that he was going to Wylam's house to,
         | among other things, "talk to him about $." One week later, on
         | or around August 12, Brown took a photograph of numerous one
         | hundred dollar bills spread across his bathroom sink.
         | 
         | > On or about October 10, 2016, Wylam took Brown to a San
         | Francisco Giants playoff game. Wylam bought both tickets--for
         | seats only a few feet from the field--and paid more than $2,500
         | for each ticket. Brown understood that Wylam bought the
         | tickets, at least in part, to thank Brown for providing inside
         | information about Infinera.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | That makes much more sense. Where did you find the full text
           | of the facts the government alleges?
        
       | wp381640 wrote:
       | > Nathaniel Brown, [..] repeatedly tipped Infinera's unannounced
       | quarterly earnings and financial performance to his best friend,
       | Benjamin Wylam
       | 
       | > Wylam, [..] and also tipped Naveen Sood
       | 
       | > Sood allegedly traded on this information and tipped his three
       | friends Marcus Bannon, Matthew Rauch, and Naresh Ramaiya
       | 
       | It's less a ring and more a tree
       | 
       | One of the issues with leaking the info - you have no control
       | over what is done with it and who acts on it, and it all
       | potentially leads back to you
       | 
       | There was a case in Australia where a gov insider was leaking
       | government data. He thought he had a partnership with a co-
       | conspirator where they would make low-tens-of-thousands
       | 
       | He only found out after his arrest that his co-conspirator who
       | was placing the trades was making millions - which is what got
       | them noticed (he was one of the largest individual currency
       | traders in the country - and never missed)
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | Why don't we apply Darwinism to the financial world? The
         | fittest survive. If you can make friends with people who have
         | insider info, you should be rewarded with your networking
         | prowess. It's quite an underrated skill. That's how startup
         | investing works anyway.
         | 
         | Separately, announce earnings with some injected noise. Keep
         | announcing corrections in the following several days so that it
         | eventually converges to the correct value. That would be fun!
         | I'd absolutely _love_ to see the Wall Street suit-and-tie
         | hedgehog fund people writhing in anguish while the retail
         | investors don 't take a shit.
        
           | umanwizard wrote:
           | > If you can make friends with people who have insider info,
           | you should be rewarded with your networking prowess.
           | 
           | Why? How does rewarding people for this serve any useful
           | social or economic purpose?
        
           | hervature wrote:
           | Your other comments show that you don't understand three
           | concepts when it comes to insider: 1) who an insider is 2)
           | what information is privileged and 3) why is it bad.
           | 
           | 1) Many jurisdictions have specific people (officers and
           | major owners) designated. The US is fairly unique in that an
           | insider is someone who trade on material non-public
           | information that violates trust. This is what allows for
           | these friends of low level marketing/accounting people to be
           | charged. Overhearing something doesn't put you in a position
           | of trust. Being sent an email accidentally and being notified
           | that you can't trade on it is something else.
           | 
           | 2) Material non-public information means information that has
           | not been publicized and that will definitely impact the price
           | of the stock. People "trash talking" their coworkers is not
           | material because you have no way of knowing if that is their
           | sentiment or if the company is actually falling apart.
           | Someone saying "We are getting rid of our entire engineering
           | department because I don't like them. Look here is all the
           | legal paperwork." is something completely different.
           | 
           | 3) Insider trading is bad because it erodes the trust of
           | outside investors. As an outsider, you want the confidence
           | that insiders aren't going to get the better end of the deal
           | always. That in the event of something bad happening, the
           | insiders don't get to bail first. Without outside investors,
           | there is no stock market.
        
           | aeternum wrote:
           | Quarterly earnings is pretty antiquated anyway. Perhaps
           | public companies should just report continuous / daily
           | earnings via automated accounting software.
           | 
           | This should make it harder to hide accounting fraud and
           | improve transparency and market fairness.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | Perhaps. But why do we actually care about market fairness?
             | 
             | I care that companies get shit done. I want to see electric
             | cars, cancer cures, solar power, and vaccines. I don't care
             | that the markets are fair. If an unfair market means I get
             | those things faster I'm all for it.
             | 
             | FWIW I get cheaper strawberries than most people because
             | I'm good at bargaining. Markets aren't supposed to be fair,
             | they're supposed to factor in these kind of soft skills.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | > _But why do we actually care about market fairness?_
               | 
               | I'm having a hard time understanding why you believe this
               | is even a question, but I'm trying...
               | 
               | Let me ask you a different question: should the CEO of a
               | company who knows about a major upcoming change (positive
               | or negative) be allowed to trade on that information?
               | After all, based on your arguments so far "they should be
               | rewarded for rising the the position of CEO".
               | 
               | Do you not see a fundamental issue with a system that
               | _guarantees_ unfairness? If I 'm allowed to trade on
               | insider info, and everyone else trading knows that, can
               | you imagine the downstream consequences? e.g. every time
               | I trade, the entire market will now react, because the
               | very fact that I'm trading now might indicate something
               | about the fundamentals of the stock.
               | 
               | > _Markets aren 't supposed to be fair, they're supposed
               | to factor in these kind of soft skills._
               | 
               | What makes you believe/conclude this? Fairness in markets
               | doesn't mean we all pay the same price, nor do "soft
               | skills" really play into modern day stock trading.
               | 
               | Buying cheap strawberries is a cute analogy, but is an
               | apples/oranges comparison, and one involves a consumable
               | product, while the other involves buying a stake in a
               | company based on information that's supposed to be
               | available to everyone else interested in buying a stake
               | in the company.
               | 
               |  _You_ may not believe fairness is needed, but that doesn
               | 't change that those are the rules we operate under, and
               | most participants in the stock market would fundamentally
               | disagree with you.
        
           | caymanjim wrote:
           | Is that not what happened? These idiots sucked at insider
           | trading and got caught. The more fit insider traders don't
           | get caught.
           | 
           | Lying to the public and your investors as some kind of game
           | to "stick it to the man" is not fun, it's obscene (and
           | thankfully criminal). These "retail investors" you defend are
           | morons and gamblers who are leading a flock of other morons
           | into bankruptcy. You should be rooting for them to get
           | screwed, not people who play by the rules.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | I don't condone lying, but if you have access to inside
             | information why can't you use it?
             | 
             | It's not like my brain can differentiate anyway. If I find
             | security bugs in some company's git repo is that insider
             | info? The code was public. I should be rewarded for my
             | ability to read code. Those who can't read code are less
             | fit to be investors.
             | 
             | If I overhear company X employees talking trash on a public
             | hiking trail near their office is that insider info? I
             | actually went hiking, I have a higher probability of
             | overhearing insider conversations, I should be rewarded for
             | putting myself out there, doing the legwork, and not
             | sitting in an armchair at home expecting people to feed
             | information to me.
        
               | Armisael16 wrote:
               | Neither of those would be considered insider trading in
               | the US.
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | Okay so now let's take person A and person B.
               | 
               | A is super friendly. B is an asshole.
               | 
               | A and B both indepedently go solo hiking to the same
               | park.
               | 
               | A ends up making some friends with some company X
               | employees on the trail, hikes with them for part of the
               | trail, and hears inside info, and then they depart ways.
               | 
               | B is an asshole and so those people don't want to talk to
               | B. B makes no friends, hikes alone the whole time, and
               | therefore gets no inside info.
               | 
               | A should be rewarded by the markets for their people
               | skills, no?
        
               | jiofih wrote:
               | The employees in that scenario are sharing insider
               | information, and are all committing a crime.
               | 
               | Whatever you hear from them and is probably non-public
               | info is also illegal to trade on.
               | 
               | I mean, what exactly do you expect to happen if this is
               | allowed? Put everyone who works on finance and the
               | executives under 24/7 surveillance? Pay them ransom for
               | not sharing their employer's data? It would simply be an
               | institutionalized racket.
        
               | clipradiowallet wrote:
               | > I don't condone lying, but if you have access to inside
               | information why can't you use it?
               | 
               | short answer: the SEC says so.
               | 
               | > If I find security bugs in some company's git repo is
               | that insider info? The code was public.
               | 
               | This is OK! If the code is public, then nothing you learn
               | from it is non-public information.
               | 
               | > If I overhear company X employees talking trash on a
               | public hiking trail near their office is that insider
               | info?
               | 
               | This is trickier. It all boils down to whether you knew
               | the people talking were insiders. Likely some other
               | factors here I'm ignorant of, but to sum up... "it's
               | complicated".
        
               | wsinks wrote:
               | I don't think that's classified as insider information.
               | 
               | Insider information is "details about a company's plans
               | or finances that are not yet available to the
               | shareholders".
               | 
               | If you overhear employees talking and you have no
               | relation to them except you're in proximity, that's
               | typically not insider info.
               | 
               | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/insiderinformation.a
               | sp
        
         | mdoms wrote:
         | There's an incredibly good 7-part podcast on the Australian
         | case you're talking about, if anyone's interested. It's called
         | The Sure Thing.
         | 
         | https://www.afr.com/podcast/the-sure-thing
        
           | tayloramurphy wrote:
           | Thank you for sharing this! I'm going to add it to my
           | listening queue.
        
       | tw600040 wrote:
       | For anything worth securing we have security engineered into it,
       | like passwords, encryption what not. But for insider trading we
       | are just supposed to assume that the players play right without
       | any checks or balances? I don't think just the SEC is sufficient
       | to prevent this.
        
         | tedunangst wrote:
         | How would you go about adding DRM to insider information to
         | prevent trading on it?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | elliekelly wrote:
         | I was on a call last week about the SEC's changing priorities
         | under Chairperson Gensler and the consensus among all of the
         | attorneys on the call was that they will be more data-driven
         | and have already been using data analytics far more extensively
         | than ever before. I suspect the case in the linked release came
         | about from those efforts:
         | 
         | > "Using sophisticated data analysis, the SEC was able to
         | uncover this insider trading ring and hold each of its
         | participants accountable to ensure the integrity of our
         | markets," said Joseph Sansone, Chief of the SEC Enforcement
         | Division's Market Abuse Unit.
         | 
         | I think in time the SEC's enforcement in this area will become
         | more automated and efficient.
        
           | monkeybutton wrote:
           | Is there somewhere that I could read more about the analytics
           | used to catch insider trading?
        
             | elliekelly wrote:
             | I don't have a good resource to point you to because most
             | of what I know is from having seen data requests and from
             | discussions with colleagues. To my knowledge the SEC hasn't
             | said much about _how_ they use analytics and I suspect
             | that's deliberate.
             | 
             | The SEC has been gathering data after big price swings to
             | identify potential insider trading for a while but my
             | understanding is that they're now able to assign an
             | insider-trading risk-score to transactions that made money
             | (or avoided a loss) by trading just before the swing.
             | 
             | What's interesting is the risk-score seems to involve some
             | degree of "who you know" and seems to de-emphasize the old
             | metric used to prioritize investigations: how big your
             | profit/loss avoided was. So rather than having to identify
             | the big winners (or loss avoiders) and investigate those
             | transactions they can instead focus on the transactions
             | most likely to have been "tipped" by an insider. (This is
             | entirely my own speculation but I think you can see it a
             | bit in the attached press release. It's an unusual chain of
             | relationships between and among the six people charged and
             | the two public companies. Insider > tips friend > tips guy
             | who owes him money > tips three friends. I'd venture to
             | guess there was some transaction data that allowed the SEC
             | to form the link between the accounts profiting and the
             | insiders because $1.7 million isn't a terribly huge sum to
             | have SEC staff chasing after.)
             | 
             | It also seems, judging by Gensler's recent comments,
             | they're considering gathering data about planned and
             | _forgone_ 10b5-1 transactions presumably for the purpose of
             | applying insider trading analytics.
        
             | epgui wrote:
             | (Leaving a comment as I would also like to know more about
             | this.)
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | As you can see from the details here, they hardly needed
           | "sophisticated analysis:"
           | 
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-06-16/don-t-.
           | ..
        
             | kosievdmerwe wrote:
             | After they knew who to investigate it likely was easy, but
             | I don't see how they discovered who to investigate in the
             | article you linked.
             | 
             | You need some way to detect smoke before you can go looking
             | for the fire. And given the large number of trades in the
             | US stock markets, I don't believe this is an easy problem.
        
             | elliekelly wrote:
             | Levine's analysis is regarding to the evidence gathered
             | from the investigation while the statement from the press
             | release refers to whether or not a group of transactions
             | warranted investigation in the first place. The
             | "sophisticated analysis" the SEC refers to is akin to an if
             | statement while the evidence set forth in the complaint
             | (and referenced by Levine) is the result of running "then
             | investigate" when $isSuspicious returned true.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | > In parallel proceedings, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the
       | Northern District of California today announced related criminal
       | charges against Brown, Wylam, and Sood.
       | 
       | Press F to pay respects
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | >The SEC's complaint further alleges that Bannon tipped Sood with
       | material, nonpublic information concerning Bannon's employer,
       | Fortinet Inc. As alleged in the complaint, Bannon learned in
       | early October 2016 that Fortinet was going to unexpectedly
       | announce preliminary negative financial results. Bannon allegedly
       | tipped this information to Sood, who used it to trade. After
       | learning the information, Sood allegedly tipped Wylam and
       | Ramaiya, who also traded.
       | 
       | It's like the stock market equivalent of the blockchain. No
       | matter how long or convoluted the chain of communication is ,
       | they can always piece it together.
        
       | sanguy wrote:
       | The penalty should be:
       | 
       | - Seizure of all stock holdings: logic is it's all tainted - Ban
       | from all future trading for life, except index funds
        
         | camel_Snake wrote:
         | this sounds ripe for abuse.
        
       | onemoresoop wrote:
       | SEC is such a joke, they let a lot of wrongdoing go by then once
       | in a while find a small fry to show that they're doing something.
       | SEC cannot enforce naked shorting for example and it comes down
       | to the transgressor to report themselves.
        
       | zeruch wrote:
       | Holy crap...I'm pretty sure that the Marcus Bannon mentioned is
       | someone I went to high school with.
       | 
       | What an utterly bizarre, and shrinking universe.
        
       | runawaybottle wrote:
       | Sounds like a scare tactic to warn any pump and dumpers on
       | Stocktwits and wsb with any kind of knowledge on large upcoming
       | inflows into a stock. They are obviously out there and hidden in
       | a raucous crowd.
        
       | nphard85 wrote:
       | Curious about this scenario:
       | 
       | Bob works for company A which is a vendor for companies B, C and
       | D. Most of company A's revenue stream is dependent on how well B,
       | C and D are doing. Bob has insider knowledge of Company A's
       | finances using which he trades stocks of B, C and D.
       | 
       | Is this considered insider trading or not?
        
       | qqtt wrote:
       | I'm not sure if this is standard for SEC press releases, but why
       | do they include details such as, "he was a school teacher" and,
       | "he owed gambling debts"?
       | 
       | I've always suspected the SEC investigations regarding things
       | like insider trading are typically the opposite of justice and
       | designed to go after the smallest possible players while giving
       | the illusion of enforcement. And these details in an allegedly
       | serious investigation just seem to make the whole thing reek of
       | small time gossip material.
       | 
       | It's just kind of surreal seeing this type of language in an
       | official SEC press release regarding what I'm sure they would
       | like us to believe they consider a serious crime.
        
         | realist2001 wrote:
         | >> why do they include details such as, "he was a school
         | teacher" and, "he owed gambling debts"?
         | 
         | They want to signal to larger players (hedge funds, etc) that
         | enforcement is only on smaller players like high school
         | teachers. They are signaling to their rich friends and power
         | brokers in NYC/Connecticut that there is nothing to worry about
         | w/r/t to the real, bigtime insider trading.
         | 
         | This comment is meant to be both sarcastic _and_ true, however
         | depressing.
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | > They want to signal to larger players (hedge funds, etc)
           | that enforcement is only on smaller players like high school
           | teachers.
           | 
           | Galleon Group and SAC Capital would disagree. I believe
           | there's also a pretty senior (now former) Apple attorney
           | who's recently been charged.
        
           | clipradiowallet wrote:
           | justice.gov and sec.gov are not just-the-facts style sites.
           | They are meant to inform the public as well as vilify wrong-
           | doers. Part of making sure their stories are picked up
           | widely, is including those types of details to make the story
           | more "interesting" to the masses.
        
           | Simulacra wrote:
           | Mayhaps to make the story more salacious?
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | Would you prefer "he wasnt sufficiently politically connected"
         | and "his family never made friends in the right circles"
        
         | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
         | > designed to go after the smallest possible players
         | 
         | SEC doesn't have infinite resources to go after every possible
         | financial crime. They go after the ones that have the highest
         | likelihood of successful prosecution. This is the case with
         | most prosecutions like this.
        
           | spaceribs wrote:
           | > SEC doesn't have infinite resources to go after every
           | possible financial crime.
           | 
           | So that makes token gestures acceptable?
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | That's called "revenue policing" and the only people who like
           | it are the people high status enough to not be subject to it.
        
             | notsureaboutpg wrote:
             | Whatever it's called doesn't matter. There's not a viable
             | alternative. If you don't prosecute charges with
             | substantial evidence, the risk of loss increases and
             | eventually the department bleeds money at too large a
             | degree and gets shut down causing no enforcement
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _the only people who like it are the people high status
             | enough to not be subject to it_
             | 
             | Everyone at the SEC is keenly aware that bagging a high-
             | ranking financier is a ticket to higher office.
        
               | jessaustin wrote:
               | Can we come up with an example of an SEC official
               | building upon an investigation of a "high-ranking
               | financier" in order to obtain high office?
        
               | verbify wrote:
               | Not SEC, but US attorney for the Southern District Preet
               | Bharara apparently made his fame by going after Wall
               | Street bigwigs. I don't know much about him besides his
               | Wikipedia page (which could be edited by a PR firm), but
               | it seems that was his career trajectory.
        
               | shard wrote:
               | Another not-SEC example would be Eliot Spitzer who
               | parlayed his policing of Wall Street corruption as the
               | Attorney General of New York into a governorship.
        
               | byset wrote:
               | SEC pursued junk bond pioneer Michael Milken in the
               | 1980s, Ivan Boesky before that... unsure of specifics of
               | SEC personnel getting to "high office" because of that
               | but seems obvious that high profile successful
               | prosecutions would be career-making
               | 
               | (Granted those examples are from the 80s but i would
               | think there are more recent examples...)
               | 
               | Milken was prosecuted by Rudy Giuliani which didn't hurt
               | Giuliani's career, but Rudy was a US district attorney or
               | something, not SEC
               | 
               | Agree with your sentiment generally though, seems like a
               | boatload of people could have been put away after the
               | financial crisis but they instead profited from bailouts
        
               | version_five wrote:
               | Milken's prosecution didnt really hurt his career much
               | either. Hes still a billionaire (and if I remember right,
               | his brother did very well too).
               | 
               | PS - read Den of Thieves again - there is an imo strong
               | parallel between what was going on with junk bonds in the
               | 80s and what is happening now with VC money. When Milken
               | was indicted, he couldn't keep all the balls in the air
               | anymore and the whole thing fell apart. I'm very
               | interested to see what parallel will play out this time
               | and when.
        
               | byset wrote:
               | Didn't hurt his career much? He was barred from the
               | securities industry forever. Sure he had a lot of money
               | left, but how can you know where his career would go if
               | he weren't prosecuted? That's like saying that if Bill
               | Gates were forced to cash out of Microsoft in the 80s it
               | wouldn't have affected his career much because, after
               | all, he would still be a billionaire
        
               | clipradiowallet wrote:
               | > Everyone at the SEC is keenly aware that bagging a
               | high-ranking financier is a ticket to higher office.
               | 
               | Just speculating here, but I imagine everyone at the SEC
               | is also aware that going after someone with 9-figures-
               | and-higher wealth may not be cut and dry. At those
               | levels, the person you are going after can wreck your
               | [and all your colleagues] lives in new and interesting
               | ways that aren't apparent.
        
               | rdtwo wrote:
               | That's why they go after 7 and 8 figure guys they are way
               | easier to pick off but still juicy
        
               | acuozzo wrote:
               | > At those levels, the person you are going after can
               | wreck your [and all your colleagues] lives in new and
               | interesting ways that aren't apparent.
               | 
               | Which is exactly why having that much wealth should be
               | impossible or illegal. No single person should have that
               | much power.
               | 
               | With that being said, who am I kidding? It's obvious that
               | the old forms of power haven't gone away and never will.
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | >bagging a high-ranking financier is a ticket to higher
               | office.
               | 
               | And not bagging is a ticket to a very nice corner office
               | I guess :)
        
               | slickrick216 wrote:
               | Which is quite frankly disgusting even if society does
               | have a somewhat merited hatred of bankers.
        
             | stale2002 wrote:
             | Do you have an alternative solution, to getting around the
             | problem of the fact that they don't have infinite
             | resources?
             | 
             | Do you think that they should just go after crimes, at
             | random, even if that means that much less crimes are
             | successfully caught, because of the inefficient use of
             | resources?
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | The full context in the press release is:
         | 
         | > _The SEC's complaint alleges that Wylam, a high school
         | teacher and bookmaker, traded on this information and also
         | tipped Naveen Sood, who owed Wylam a six-figure gambling debt.
         | Sood allegedly traded on this information and tipped his three
         | friends Marcus Bannon, Matthew Rauch, and Naresh Ramaiya, each
         | of whom also illegally traded on the information._
         | 
         | In order to make an insider trading case against people who are
         | several degrees out, they have to show how non-public
         | information flowed to them. Establishing that Wylam is a
         | bookmaker and Sood is a client of his is an important part of
         | this. Maybe the "high school teacher" part isn't particularly
         | relevant, but if you cut it, it would sound like he was a full-
         | time bookmaker, which isn't the case.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | slickrick216 wrote:
         | Yes
        
         | granshaw wrote:
         | I also found the "best friend" part to be strange - I expected
         | language more like "close acquaintance" instead
        
           | Wistar wrote:
           | BFF.
        
             | hilbertseries wrote:
             | bestie
        
           | byset wrote:
           | Wouldn't that just leave you with more syllables and less
           | precise language?
        
       | spoonjim wrote:
       | I'll post what I posted a week ago:
       | 
       | > Insider trade a million, you've got a problem. You have to
       | insider trade a billion so that you're untouchable. This is
       | probably the hourly volume of insider trading at many hedge funds
       | like SAC.
        
       | cltby wrote:
       | In light of the AP's new policy on minor crime reporting, I was
       | curious how they would treat this story. Unfortunately, their
       | website has no coverage. However, they did report today on
       | another (alleged) insider trading case, and they use names
       | liberally.
       | 
       | [1] https://apnews.com/article/nyc-state-wire-ny-state-wire-
       | new-...
        
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