[HN Gopher] When pop history bombs: a response to Malcolm Gladwell
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       When pop history bombs: a response to Malcolm Gladwell
        
       Author : diodorus
       Score  : 165 points
       Date   : 2021-06-14 18:19 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lareviewofbooks.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lareviewofbooks.org)
        
       | chmod600 wrote:
       | Moral question:
       | 
       | Being objective and moral has lead to amazing amounts of peace,
       | cooperation, and prosperity. But I always think about an example
       | that seems to say you can be _too_ objective and maybe too moral:
       | 
       | Let's say a wolf is hungry and wants to eat you. Your options are
       | (1) let it eat you; (2) run away to safety; or (3) shoot the
       | wolf. No matter what, something will die. Either you die, another
       | prey animal dies, or the wold dies (of starvation or being shot).
       | 
       | Being too objective means you will be the one that dies, because
       | you can't find a reason to take an action like shooting the wolf
       | or running away.
       | 
       | I have a hard time getting past this example when it comes to
       | questions of war and morality. If there is little cost to you, of
       | course it's easy to make the moral choice and avoid needless
       | deaths of your enemies. But if the cost starts to become
       | significant (e.g. protracted bloody war), then you need to make
       | the choice that's right for you and your allies. Right?
        
       | greggman3 wrote:
       | A much better account of WW2 in the Pacific is the latest
       | Hardcore History series.
       | 
       | The 6 part "Supernova in the East"
       | 
       | https://www.dancarlin.com/hardcore-history-series/
        
         | elevaet wrote:
         | When I first heard Dan Carlin's macho vocal persona, I expected
         | a very hawkish and USA-centric view of history. But he
         | completely defied my bias. He really makes an effort to present
         | a balanced and nuanced view of history, from all perspectives
         | in a conflict.
         | 
         | Thanks for the tip on part VI, I've been eagerly awaiting the
         | release of that.
        
           | 1986 wrote:
           | His voice sounds / sounded so uncannily like Alex Jones'
           | (maybe just to me?) that I had a similar initial reaction,
           | and similarly was pleasantly surprised
        
           | piyh wrote:
           | Carlin's interview on the Lex Fridman podcast was great.
        
         | mayneack wrote:
         | Carlin actually had Gladwell on recently to talk about the
         | book. He wasn't anywhere close to as critical as this review,
         | however.
         | 
         | https://pca.st/5rvqo9kz
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | > He wasn't anywhere close to as critical as this review,
           | however.
           | 
           | When someone with a much (much!) bigger following than you
           | parachutes into your field and joins you on your platform
           | (where you are currently covering the same topic), you maybe
           | withhold your most severe criticism of their work.
        
         | mezentius wrote:
         | Carlin's podcast on this subject, summarizing other well-
         | researched histories, gives a much better idea of why
         | firebombing and the atomic bomb were considered within bounds.
         | The Japanese government was willing to throw away an appalling
         | number of military and civilian lives in order to delay
         | inevitable defeat, or at the very least attempt to bargain for
         | better terms on which to end the war. (Carlin accurately
         | describes this as "a form of political murder.") In places like
         | Burma, New Guinea, and Peleliu, Japanese soldiers were thrown
         | into utterly hopeless actions in order to inflict as many
         | Allied casualties as possible. Beyond this, Japanese soldiers
         | generally refused to surrender, and often had to be killed to
         | the last man.
         | 
         | Firebombing and the atomic bomb, while obviously subjects of
         | internal bureaucratic and ideological jockeying, were
         | considered viable primarily because they _might_ shorten a long
         | and very brutal war. Whether they did so or not is debatable,
         | but we 'd be on very shaky ground to debate the morality of the
         | attempt from the comfort of posterity.
         | 
         | I don't particularly care for Gladwell's glib nonsense, but I
         | also find fault with the sort of anti-Gladwell Brooklyn-
         | podcaster history (e.g.
         | https://thebaffler.com/latest/narrative-napalm-kulwin) that
         | engages in righteous hand-wringing over supposed American
         | atrocities, without once mentioning any of the context above,
         | nor Japan's atrocities in China in the 1930s leading up to the
         | conflict, nor the very obvious fact that _America didn 't start
         | the war._
        
           | coliveira wrote:
           | This is a bunch of nonsense. The real reason Americans wanted
           | to finish the war with Japan quickly (at any cost) is that
           | they were afraid that Russia would invade Japan.
        
             | slipframe wrote:
             | Nonsense? How about you read up on Operation Ten-Go and the
             | senseless suicidal demise of the battleship Yamato, wasting
             | the lives of two and a half thousand Japanese men to
             | accomplish absolutely nothing except a show of defiance. In
             | total more than 4,000 Japanese men lost their lives that
             | day, while less than 100 Americans were killed. They knew
             | it was suicide and they did it anyway.
             | 
             | > _The ships ' crews were briefed on the nature of the
             | mission and given the opportunity to stay behind if
             | desired; none did._
             | 
             | Your parent post is right, the Japanese military were
             | absolute fanatics.
             | 
             | Edit:
             | 
             | And another point. After the _second_ atomic bombing,
             | military officers attempted to overthrow the Japanese
             | emperor to prevent the surrender. After the _second_ atomic
             | bombing. Let that sink in. If not for the heroic actions of
             | a few Japanese men, they might have succeeded in
             | suppressing the broadcast of the surrender:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident
        
               | mezentius wrote:
               | This is a good example, although I would be careful about
               | characterizing the entire Japanese military as fanatics.
               | (To his great credit, Carlin is also careful in this
               | regard, and discusses the issue at some length.)
               | 
               | The average Japanese soldier was certainly _perceived_ as
               | a fanatic--due a combination of the evidence at hand at
               | the time, deliberate Japanese policy and propaganda, and
               | also a lot of rather nasty racial narratives--which had a
               | lot to do with why total war was seen as unavoidable.
        
               | slipframe wrote:
               | I think the word fanatic is justified, but I see that it
               | has derogatory connotations. Let's put it this way, the
               | Japanese military, soldiers, sailors and officers, all
               | provided their extreme courage and devotion numerous
               | times over in that war. Courage and devotion to a
               | horrible cause, but nonetheless they certainly weren't
               | quitters.
               | 
               | Another example: 21,000 Japanese soldiers on Iwo Jima,
               | but only 216 taken as prisoners. They fought for five
               | weeks until the bitter end. The stubborn defiance
               | demonstrated at the Battle of Iwo Jima and Operation Ten-
               | Go both played a role in the decision to drop atomic
               | bombs on Japan.
        
               | mezentius wrote:
               | You're right that these are the sorts of figures that
               | influenced the decision. It's also worth remembering that
               | there were high-ranking members of the Japanese military
               | who questioned the logic of the war or ordered retreats
               | from indefensible positions, but were often arrested,
               | assassinated, or ordered to commit suicide. Any stance
               | other than loud, defiant resistance proved dangerous
               | within a military hierarchy dominated by extremists.
               | 
               | There is also some evidence that Japanese Army officers
               | created a deliberate culture of extreme violence,
               | ordering ordinary soldiers to commit atrocities, for
               | example, as a way of ruling out surrender as an option.
               | The soldiers would then assume that their treatment by
               | the other side would be identical.
               | 
               | I don't object to the word "fanatic" out of some semantic
               | pedantry or because it's derogatory per se, but I think
               | it robs us of some consideration of the individuals in
               | question, and the various strands of policy, training,
               | propaganda, fear, group pressure, and nostalgic death-
               | worshipping cultural narratives to which they were
               | subjected. The result was certainly the perception of
               | fanaticism, which was intended to demoralize the Allies
               | but backfired terribly, like the decision to prosecute
               | the war itself. (And, as you point out, produced an
               | enormous wastage of lives for no real gain.)
        
             | ww2buff wrote:
             | There was a faction of right wing Republicans who wanted to
             | end the war quickly in order to forestall Russia, but they
             | wanted to end the war quickly by forgoing an invasion and
             | allowing Japan to surrender conditionally, without an
             | occupation or a forced change of government or
             | constitution, because they thought an armed and relatively
             | intact militarist-run Japan would be a good buffer against
             | the Soviet Union. This was unacceptable to the liberal new
             | deal faction running the US government, who believed that a
             | disarmed and democratic Japan was the only way to prevent
             | another war.
             | 
             | "They only wanted to keep the commies out" is a nicely glib
             | line, but one that glosses over the many, many political
             | considerations that shaped the end of the pacific war and
             | reveals an almost total ignorance of the scholarship on the
             | subject
        
             | mezentius wrote:
             | There is no convincing evidence for this argument. The
             | Soviet Union was deeply engaged in its war against Nazi
             | Germany until the very bitter end, and fully mobilized in
             | that direction. Beyond that, America provided immense
             | quantities of aid to the Soviet Union in the form of Lend-
             | Lease, including military hardware. Some would argue that
             | this was profoundly short-sighted given the realpolitik of
             | Stalin's approach to the war, with an eye on what the
             | Soviet Union would do in the conquered territories of
             | Eastern Europe after the war (as a realization of tsarist
             | fantasies going back a hundred years or more). But the fact
             | is that--while every decision has various complicating
             | factors related to political and institutional concerns--
             | America's primary focus was on ending the war as quickly as
             | possible _with an unconditional surrender._
        
         | JoeDaDude wrote:
         | Coincidentally, I just started reading Downfall: The End of the
         | Imperial Japanese Empire by Richard B. Frank [1]. The very
         | first chapter details survivor accounts of the March 45 fire
         | bombing of Tokyo. Later chapters go into the difficulties LeMay
         | had when trying to precision bomb industrial facilities and how
         | ineffective the bombing was.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.google.com/books/edition/Downfall/cJXtAAAAMAAJ?h...
         | 
         | For a general; history of bombing as a tactic, I recommend A
         | History of Bombing by Sven Lindqvist [2]. A short and unusual
         | book in that the author gives instructions on how to read the
         | book in two ways, either chronologically as a history book, or
         | thematically, following the themes and ideas of bombing
         | strategies.
         | 
         | [2].
         | https://books.google.com/books?id=Wws_HAAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=e...
        
         | billfruit wrote:
         | Barbara Tuchman's "Stilwell and the American Experience in
         | China" is a good booklength treatment of WW2 in Asia, also
         | prominently featuring a prominent proponent of air warfare,
         | General Chennault.
        
         | afterburner wrote:
         | Carlin has also been criticized for being loose with history in
         | favour of story.
         | 
         | Carlin's podcast series are much, much longer than Gladwell's
         | typical podcast treatments though, so at least it lets him
         | include a lot more details.
        
           | triceratops wrote:
           | > Carlin has also been criticized for being loose with
           | history in favour of story.
           | 
           | How so? He seems to be pretty upfront in talking about his
           | sources, quoting from them, and saying repeatedly that he's a
           | journalist and not a historian.
        
             | sheepybloke wrote:
             | In one of his podcasts, he talks about the "pendulum of
             | history" and how it swings, depending on the time, between
             | more story (ie more emotion and look as to feelings of the
             | time) or more fact (ie 10k people died in this battle). He
             | mentioned that he preferred to be on the more story side;
             | giving eyewitness accounts and showing the emotion of the
             | history. I wouldn't put him near Gladwell though, but on
             | the more story side of the pendulum.
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | I think there's a difference between Dan Carlin's "I'm
               | interested in exploring what it felt like to be in some
               | moment of history, and why the people there made the
               | decisions they made" and Malcolm Gladwell's "I'm going to
               | cherrypick facts until my 'history' fits the just-so
               | fable I'm trying to tell".
        
           | mastax wrote:
           | Carlin spends a lot of time telling you where he gets
           | information, who he's quoting from, how reliable they are,
           | what the historical consensus is, etc. In a word,
           | historiography.
           | 
           | That's not to say he never gets anything wrong, he and his
           | researchers aren't steeped in the subject for their whole
           | careers so they'll miss things. He is biased towards the
           | exciting stories and sources, but usually qualifies them with
           | "I'll tell you this fun story but historians disagree about X
           | Y Z because of A".
           | 
           | I'll have to look into the criticisms but my impression just
           | from listening is far better than any other pop history.
        
             | rjtavares wrote:
             | From what I read, historians generally like him. The main
             | criticism is that he sometimes uses outdated sources or
             | oversimplifies stuff.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | I've heard somewhat mixed things from my historian
               | friends.
               | 
               | But you'll be happy to hear that "sometimes uses outdated
               | sources or oversimplifies stuff" is a common criticism of
               | basically all academic history written outside of the
               | last 20 years, so he is in decent company.
        
       | Ericson2314 wrote:
       | Esssh. How many times does Malcolm Gladwell need to be exposed as
       | a fraud before he looses his pulpit?
       | 
       | (So much for post-truth being a mere problem for the rabble...)
        
         | arkaic wrote:
         | Twitter style comment right here.
        
           | groby_b wrote:
           | There isn't much else to say. Malcom Gladwell is an utter
           | hack. The mainstream media refuses to acknowledge that and
           | glorifies everything he says.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, pretty much _anybody_ whose field has been touched
           | by Gladwell reports that his account of their field is
           | utterly uninformed, lacking nuance, and shaped to reach a
           | foregone conclusion.
           | 
           | What more is there?
        
             | jfoutz wrote:
             | Malcom Gladwell writes clearly and persuasively. I don't
             | believe he uses his rhetoric to deceive, I don't think it's
             | full on sophistry. That said, he clearly won't let the
             | facts get in the way of a good story. As much as I want
             | truth, evidence and proof to have one true meaning, the
             | words really mean different things to different people.
             | Heck, they mean different things to the same person in
             | different contexts.
             | 
             | Malcom Gladwell (in my humble opinion) is very good at
             | making political arguments, not scientist arguments. They
             | sound true. They engage in intellectual and emotional ways.
             | 
             | I have, with multiple Gladwell books, been led down the
             | garden path. But golly it's a pretty and enjoyable walk.
             | And eventually that walk leads me to other interesting
             | stuff, like _thinking fast and slow_.
             | 
             | I guess, it's useful to me to read stories dressed up as
             | science (kinda). Otherwise, how could I tell if the science
             | I'm reading is just a story?
        
               | idolaspecus wrote:
               | You say you don't think it's "full on sophistry" then you
               | go on to describe a full on sophist.
        
               | elliekelly wrote:
               | I agree, Gladwell tells a great story and he's absolutely
               | entertaining to read. But I can't quite wrap my head
               | around how you began your comment by saying Gladwell
               | doesn't use rhetoric and end it by describing his writing
               | as "stories dressed up as science (kinda)". Is that not
               | rhetoric?
        
               | jfoutz wrote:
               | "rhetoric to deceive"
               | 
               | He asks questions with many possible answers. He leads to
               | one specific answer. He picks his favorite and dresses it
               | up.
               | 
               | the difference would be, he knew for a fact that Bob
               | murdered Alice. Saw it with his own eyes. He doesn't
               | write books about how Bob couldn't possibly have killed
               | Alice, it must have been Charlie.
               | 
               | He picks a favorite, says that's a good answer -
               | rhetoric. I don't think he's leading people to an answer
               | he believes to be wrong. He's not lying.
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | The book review cites much concrete evidence --- done by
               | actual scholars doing the tedious work of digging through
               | "boring" archives --- undermining Gladwell's conclusions.
               | 
               | Yes, there are many conclusions to draw about these sorts
               | of things, but getting facts wrong and omitting other
               | information does not for a valid interpretation make.
               | 
               | He's a sophist storyteller.
        
               | groby_b wrote:
               | You don't get to claim an unproven alternate science just
               | because it's a good story unless you're in the Fiction
               | aisle. Gladwell would like to be in the non-fiction
               | aisle, and he really _utterly_ fails there.
               | 
               | He's "not lying" only in the sense that he spouts
               | completely uninformed opinion. He _knows_ that he does
               | that, because it 's not like he hasn't been told
               | repeatedly. He continues anyways.
               | 
               | At that point, the line to flim-flam becomes tenuously
               | thin.
        
               | lubujackson wrote:
               | It is hard to read this as a positive thing. You are
               | basically describing a con-man (or more neutrally, a
               | politician) who is skilled at convincing people of things
               | through stories that are not factually accurate but feel
               | accurate - "Truthiness" as Jon Stewart called it.
               | 
               | At best, it is a shortcut to convince groups of people of
               | a point but it is the opposite of informative - people
               | come away with bad information, not partial information
               | and curiosity to learn more.
               | 
               | He is specifically disliked because he is selling the
               | "take-aways" as knowledge when they are the opposite,
               | then says he is just a storyteller - which is good and
               | fine except he is marketed and digested as a layman's
               | source of truth. Which is why we have people walking
               | around thinking they can be a concert-grade pianist with
               | 10,000 hours of practice even though the argument falls
               | apart with the slightest analysis.
               | 
               | If Hacker News caters to curious "hacker mindset" types I
               | think Gladwell is the opposite of curiosity: insights
               | without discussion or understanding.
        
               | jfoutz wrote:
               | I guess, I like Gladwell for the same reasons you dislike
               | him. He's popular and picked apart. I can read his books
               | and be convinced, then find out about all of the ways
               | he's wrong. Where did I screw up? What did I fall for?
               | 
               | Blink was probably the one that had the biggest impact on
               | me. There are some gems there. It lead me to other
               | thinking about thinking ideas. I learned a bit about
               | quality of sources. I learned a bit about skinner boxes.
               | Ironically I'm here, refreshing HN. So clearly I didn't
               | learn that lesson particularly well.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Goodwin's law warning.
               | 
               | If you go into it with a critical eye and compare it to
               | other sources, then you didn't fall for anything.
               | 
               | Reading mein kampf can be really insightful if you read
               | it from a historical perspective and use the hueristics
               | of skepticism. You can still dislike the original intent
               | and think it is a missinformative work in general, but
               | hold that the world would be better off without it.
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | But "Mein Kampf" is an important primary source
               | propaganda, whereas Gladwell's books are trash secondary
               | sources, unless the object of research is "comforting
               | false narratives of the early 21st century".
               | 
               | I don't think that's fair to "Mein Kampf" (!).
        
             | geodel wrote:
             | > The mainstream media refuses to acknowledge that and
             | glorifies everything he says.
             | 
             | For some reason I find it utterly hilarious. Because on any
             | subject I know a bit I find reporting by media utterly
             | wrong or willfully ignorant. And it just makes me think
             | what about all the subjects on which I have little or no
             | knowledge. Can I trust anything at all here.
             | 
             | I guess the point is same, like Gladwell media is obsessed
             | with narrative often at cost of details/truth.
        
               | cpleppert wrote:
               | Michael Crichton's Gell-Mann Amnesia strikes again.
               | 
               | >>You open the newspaper to an article on some subject
               | you know well... You read the article and see the
               | journalist has absolutely no understanding of either the
               | facts or the issues. Often, the article is so wrong it
               | actually presents the story backward--reversing cause and
               | effect. https://www.epsilontheory.com/gell-mann-amnesia/
        
             | adolph wrote:
             | > Meanwhile, pretty much anybody whose field has been
             | touched by Gladwell reports that his account of their field
             | is utterly uninformed, lacking nuance, and shaped to reach
             | a foregone conclusion.
             | 
             |  _"Briefly stated, the Gell-Mann Amnesia effect is as
             | follows. You open the newspaper to an article on some
             | subject you know well. In Murray 's case, physics. In mine,
             | show business. You read the article and see the journalist
             | has absolutely no understanding of either the facts or the
             | issues. Often, the article is so wrong it actually presents
             | the story backward--reversing cause and effect. I call
             | these the "wet streets cause rain" stories. Paper's full of
             | them. In any case, you read with exasperation or amusement
             | the multiple errors in a story, and then turn the page to
             | national or international affairs, and read as if the rest
             | of the newspaper was somehow more accurate about Palestine
             | than the baloney you just read. You turn the page, and
             | forget what you know."_
             | 
             | https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/65213-briefly-stated-the-
             | ge...
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | Can't most of TEDx be classified in the same vein as Gladwell?
         | A bunch of people self congratulating each other for finding a
         | way to make their ideas saleable?
         | 
         | It's like the Amway of selling ideas.
        
           | strbean wrote:
           | TEDx ended up as a way for cranks and snake oil salesmen to
           | launder their ideas through a facade of reputability with the
           | TED name, because most people don't realize that _anyone_ can
           | organize  / speak at a TEDx event with no oversight from TED.
        
             | TheTrotters wrote:
             | TED isn't necessarily much better. Plenty of talks are
             | based on low-quality psychology research that doesn't
             | replicate (e.g. power poses).
             | 
             | TED should be viewed as high-quality feel-good,
             | inspirational YouTube videos, not an educational resource.
        
             | wassenaar10 wrote:
             | Best illustrated by Sam Hyde in 2013
        
       | cubano wrote:
       | Isn't ALL written history somewhat revisionist?
       | 
       | Well it sure is hard to tell because, of course, I wasn't there
       | of course, but isn't that exactly the problem here?
       | 
       | For my entire life I've heard the _bot mot_ that  "History is
       | written by the victorious"...well doesn't that mean at its base
       | level that ALL of it bathes in its own bullshit?
       | 
       | I like Malcom's writing and his pod...and at least he has the
       | honesty to call it "Revisionist History" as he is obviously
       | telling us that HERE, yes, narrative story might win out over
       | historical accuracy (which, once again, we have been taught is BS
       | anyway).
       | 
       | Why shouldn't non-textbook history reflect the shades and biases
       | of its author? As long as its well written and presents fair
       | reflections upon this history, why should the author be pummeled
       | by critics for doing so?
       | 
       | Too many questions and not enough answers...as usual.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | That's not what "revisionist" means in the context of history.
         | See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_revisionism
        
       | protomyth wrote:
       | How do you have a book about WWII bomber strategy and not have
       | Billy Mitchell in it? His influence is pretty large.
        
         | gre wrote:
         | Billy Mitchell the general, not the gamer.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Mitchell
        
           | protomyth wrote:
           | Why would anyone think the gamer is important to this
           | discussion?
        
             | gre wrote:
             | He's the only one I'd heard of.
        
       | barry27 wrote:
       | "What does he describe upon setting foot in this solemn space, a
       | site dedicated to the very subject of his book? Himself."
       | 
       | I think that sums it up. There is little point in reading
       | anything written by Malcolm Gladwell.
        
       | 99_00 wrote:
       | https://shameproject.com/profile/malcolm-gladwell-2/
        
       | lurquer wrote:
       | I saw Blink in the bookstore. My gut feeling, just looking at the
       | cover, was that it would suck. Didn't buy it.
        
         | barry27 wrote:
         | whenever someone says they judged a book by its cover i have to
         | assume they're being ironic
        
       | openasocket wrote:
       | There's also some more nitty-gritty critiques I found in this
       | thread:
       | https://twitter.com/Alan_Allport/status/1395770118785966086 . And
       | also I found this review interesting as well:
       | https://thebaffler.com/latest/narrative-napalm-kulwin
        
       | afterburner wrote:
       | It's not like Gladwell doesn't criticize LeMay. He even accuses
       | the entire US strategic command of waving away the responsibility
       | of considering the morality of such a brutal firebombing
       | campaign.
       | 
       | I didn't come away from the audiobook thinking LeMay had "won"
       | even the battle, let alone the war (meaning ultimately precision
       | bombing has won the argument in modern times). Granted, I already
       | knew plenty about this before, but my impression in the end from
       | Gladwell was that both Hansel and LeMay were wrong in different
       | ways, just that LeMay's aggressive firebombing looked like it was
       | "doing something" to the higher ups. The technology of the time
       | simply did not allow the precision bombing approach to "look"
       | like it was even "doing something" (and it was certainly failing
       | by its own primary metric, hitting the target). Indiscriminate
       | bombing is easy, so you can point at photos and say you succeeded
       | in doing it.
       | 
       | Gladwell of course simplifies it a lot and wraps it up in a bow,
       | because his strength is telling a story, not conducting a
       | detailed analysis. At the very least, perhaps a lot of people
       | will become aware of these events and be made to think about
       | them.
       | 
       | Fact is, no one _really_ knows if the firebombing hastened
       | Japanese surrender or convinced the Japanese population that they
       | really had lost. Maybe it did, and maybe it was important. Or
       | maybe not. And it was certainly horrifying. Gladwell doesn 't
       | dwell enough on the uncertainty, but he doesn't forget to mention
       | the moral issues.
        
         | escape_goat wrote:
         | It is a shame that nobody really knows the impact of this thing
         | that was experienced by millions of people and extensively
         | documented by the Japanese and subsequently studied by Japanese
         | historians as well as all historians of the war and of East
         | Asia everywhere. I guess it will always be the case that
         | perhaps we achieved ends that offer some justification to the
         | means we employed.
        
           | afterburner wrote:
           | Gladwell did describe the horrific nature of the firestorms
           | in detail. I don't know why this review acts like he didn't.
        
             | Applejinx wrote:
             | Because it, too, has a story to tell?
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | >And it was certainly horrifying
         | 
         | It was also a war crime as defined by the Hague conventions
         | that the US had signed on to.
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | If the ordinance recipient was defended or was unintended was
           | a war crime committed?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_.
           | ..
        
       | patwolf wrote:
       | I enjoy Revisionist History, but I have learned to take
       | everything he says with a grain of salt. He throws out much of
       | the nuance of history in order to neatly meld it with his
       | narrative. The Boston Tea Party episode, for example, tried to
       | paint the revolution as a bunch of rich smugglers upset about
       | losing business. That may have been a small part of it, but it
       | definitely is not the whole story.
       | 
       | I'm afraid to ever mention anything I heard from him in casual
       | conversation because someone more knowledgeable would probably
       | call me out.
        
         | nverno wrote:
         | "I am a story-teller, and I look to academic research... for
         | ways of augmenting story-telling." --Malcolm Gladwell
         | 
         | The author of this article is operating on the wrong premise-
         | in his own words Gladwell considers himself more a storyteller
         | than an arbiter of truth.
        
           | Ishmaeli wrote:
           | Ugh. I have enjoyed Malcolm Gladwell's writing in the past,
           | but this smacks of the Tucker Carlson defense.
        
           | topaz0 wrote:
           | The author of this article is writing for the casual reader
           | of Gladwell's book who comes away thinking they have learned
           | some history. That person may weigh their enjoyment of the
           | story more or less strongly against whether it says something
           | true about history, so may or may not appreciate Gladwell's
           | emphasis. Either way, this article allows them to put the
           | story better into the context of the history it purports to
           | describe.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | He clearly presents his stories in a manner that makes it
           | easy to mistake them for the whole truth, though. I find this
           | kind of excuse pretty thin coming from anyone more serious in
           | tone than, like, Jon Stewart.
        
         | mdoms wrote:
         | The first couple of seasons of Revisionist History were podcast
         | gold. Lately though? I only listen if I'm desperate for
         | content. It has taken a massive nosedive.
        
         | ErrantX wrote:
         | I think that episode is one of the good ones. Because in it
         | he's challenging the standard narrative of a well known piece
         | of history.
         | 
         | You need to take it with a grain of salt (and I think it's fair
         | criticism that he goes a bit ott on presenting alternative
         | perspectives as dominant)
        
         | NullInvictus wrote:
         | I think Gladwell cares about history, and he cares about story,
         | but if (as is often the case in history) he has to choose one
         | at the expense of the other, it is going to be _story_ that he
         | chooses every single time.
         | 
         | As an overly broad generalization, Gladwell is at heart a
         | journalist, not a historian (even though he has a bachelor's in
         | history). I enjoy listening to Revisionist history and reading
         | some of his books, because some things in history are revealed
         | by trying to form some kind of narrative (e.g., Historical
         | Materialism), but he's not telling you history. He's forming a
         | story from history. But I think his work is often an excellent
         | stepping off point to real history texts, and it sometimes gets
         | you to think about the second-order effect of things (his
         | episode on Brown v. Board was extremely interesting).
         | 
         | Ironically the Boston Tea Party episode was also the one that
         | broke me and made me bring a lot more grains of salt to my
         | experience of his work. I think it's one of his worst episodes,
         | and one where he tips his hand a little too far and breaks the
         | illusion for anyone who has even casually read any serious
         | works on the period. It's a _piece_ as you said, but it's an
         | incredible oversimplification.
        
           | schnable wrote:
           | This is the problem for journalism today as well - a desire
           | to push a particular narrative over reporting of facts
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | That is the problem that most journalism has always had.
             | There has never been a time when the most of the media
             | wasn't pushing one narrative over another - usually in the
             | interest of someone powerful.
             | 
             | One excellent example is Watergate. It was an
             | extraordinarily well-reported story, and it remains to this
             | an iconic story that everyone remembers as a major outrage.
             | In the same era, there was the COINTELPRO leak, where a few
             | people broke into an FBI building and found documents
             | detailing extensive, egregious FBI Gestapo-style activities
             | against the Civil rights movement (including trying to
             | blackmail MLK into committing suicide, and working with the
             | guy who assassinated Malcolm X, and many others). This was
             | barely reported by a handful of papers, and even though it
             | sparked actual legislative action, Senate committees,
             | hearings etc, it has been all but forgotten. It never
             | really fit the narratives deemed important by the kinds of
             | people who write the news (who were largely against the
             | Civil rights movement at the time).
             | 
             | This is not to say that extraordinary journalists haven't
             | existed, to whom we owe great debts. It's not even to say
             | that journalism hasn't degraded - there may well be fewer
             | great journalists today than in other periods.
        
             | pas wrote:
             | People live and breathe narratives. We are storytelling
             | animals. We need to string those facts into a sort of
             | coherent whole. We crave understanding, and we do it
             | through stories. Facts don't matter, because they can be
             | interpreted, weighted, viewed in such and such light, post
             | hoc rationalized away...
        
           | sjg007 wrote:
           | Most of history is a story written by the victors and what
           | has survived. Unless there is primary evidence and even then
           | most of that contains interpretation.
           | 
           | But I'm interested in what do you think the Boston Tea Party
           | episode gets wrong?
        
             | throwaway0a5e wrote:
             | The part where it was obvious then that picking a fight
             | with England over taxes is not going to secure you a better
             | economic outcome than either paying the taxes and grumbling
             | or finding a new way to dodge them. If picking a war with a
             | superpower makes you rich the Taliban should be rolling in
             | the dough.
             | 
             | They wanted to give England the bird. The taxes were just
             | the flimsy pretense. Pretty much all of them paid for it in
             | opportunity cost at a bare minimum.
        
               | xapata wrote:
               | You're using an ambiguous pronoun reference. Who's
               | picking the fight? I don't think it was so obvious that
               | war would be the consequence.
               | 
               | If I'm a tea smuggler beating the competition by avoiding
               | taxes and my competitor is granted an even better tax-
               | avoidance method (an exemption), then I'm going to pick a
               | fight. I still might find a different business, but I'd
               | see how far I could push it, first.
        
         | xapata wrote:
         | You're right in general; Gladwell is often wrong, but that's
         | actually a pretty good take on the Boston Tea Party.
        
       | jonstewart wrote:
       | Judge Posner took down Gladwell years ago. I periodically reread
       | this: https://www.law.uchicago.edu/news/posner-reviews-blink
        
       | screye wrote:
       | My experience with Gladwell has been a positive one, but I would
       | never consider him the source/expert on anything.
       | 
       | I put him between John Oliver (cherry picked truths veering on
       | lies) and Nate Silver (will have an opinion, but will separate it
       | from the source data).
       | 
       | He tries to reach a conclusion through honest means and good
       | research. However, his narration will skip over / bend the
       | specifics to make the journey to the conclusion more digestible.
       | 
       | He has been an excellent entry point for a lot of my peers who
       | are less inclined to read textbooks or non-fiction novels.
       | Similarly, his podcast is always interesting enough to keep the
       | attention of a random person despite covering what they would've
       | otherwise not been interested in.
       | 
       | There is something to be said for that skill.
        
       | meroes wrote:
       | Personal anecdote about a book of his: I had a lunch interview
       | and the CEO winced when I quoted _What the Dog Saw_ , and
       | corrected me using their actual experience running a large
       | corporation. I think about not having to get along with
       | coworkers, and the CEO said that was nonsense.
       | 
       | *No I didn't say I don't get along. They asked what books I was
       | reading
        
       | fighterpilot wrote:
       | The Igon Value Problem:
       | 
       | https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Igon_Value_Problem
        
         | yboris wrote:
         | Classic - thank you for sharing!
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | Every time someone posts this, I wonder if they'd be able to
         | solve some basic (albeit symbolic) eigenvalue problems. Could
         | you? Like just some 2x2 problems that you can't just plug into
         | Wolfram Alpha?
         | 
         | It seems a little odd to hold a journalist to a standard
         | software engineers themselves don't generally meet.
        
           | pas wrote:
           | Wow, and everyone said that all that math for a CS degree is
           | useless, finally the time has come! /s
           | 
           | So, how come no one caught the error before publication? How
           | come Gladwell did not even look up what an igon value is?
           | Etc.
           | 
           | Everyone makes mistakes, but seemingly the more successful
           | the author the more responsibility they should bear that
           | their overall point is correct and useful. And Gladwell
           | serially misses these marks. At least that's how I interpret
           | these arguments.
        
       | greedo wrote:
       | It's not that Gladwell just place loose with his facts,
       | conveniently leaving out things that contradict his central
       | thesis. It's that he's often just flat out wrong. So wrong that
       | he doesn't even realize how he blows up his own credibility:
       | 
       | "The sole thing the Marianas had going for them was that they
       | were within range of Japan. But even that was an exaggeration.
       | The truth is that they were within range only under perfect
       | conditions. To reach Japan, a B-29 first needed to be loaded up
       | with twenty thousand pounds of extra fuel. And because that made
       | the plane dangerously overweight, each B-29 also needed a
       | ferocious tailwind to lift it off the runway. This was as crazy a
       | situation as anyone faced throughout the whole war."
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | IS the horribly wrong thing that an overweight plane would want
         | a headwind to takeoff, or something else?
        
           | greedo wrote:
           | Yes. It demonstrates his complete lack of understanding how
           | flight works. Lift is generated by air moving from the front
           | of a plane's wing towards the rear. Having a tailwind reduces
           | the amount of air traveling in this direction, reducing lift.
           | 
           | Generally, planes prefer to land and take off into the wind.
           | Tailwinds are nice once you're already in flight, since they
           | give you free speed.
        
             | jollybean wrote:
             | I think this is a bad reason to worry.
             | 
             | Knowing how 'lift' works is basically irrelevant to
             | anything in the rest of the story.
             | 
             | Over 500 pages, you're going to get things wrong.
             | 
             | The important facts of that para related to the strategic
             | importance of the Island. The minute details of 'why lift
             | works' are not really relevant.
             | 
             | What's relevant is that "The islands importance is as an
             | airstrip/base and even then it's barely 'in range'".
        
               | cpleppert wrote:
               | It isn't irrelevant in the context; by saying that they
               | are only in range under 'perfect conditions' he makes it
               | sound like the operation was barely doable.
               | 
               | This is misleading. Air operations in WWII where
               | continuously dependent on weather conditions and the wind
               | conditions make a large difference to the payload a
               | piston powered aircraft of that era can carry. The B-29
               | was specifically designed to accomplish the strategic
               | bombing mission in a pacific war; it would not have been
               | accepted into production if it could not reach Japan from
               | the Marianas Islands. In fact, it could comfortably reach
               | the vast majority of Japan and its industrial centers,
               | only the north of japan was outside of its normal range.
               | 
               | The removal of most self-defense weaponry (except the
               | tail cannon) made the entirety of Japan reachable; they
               | simply weren't needed for night operations and Japan's
               | fighter force was negligible by the end of the war. In
               | fact, future b-29's were built with only a tail cannon in
               | the first place.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Plus the B-29 was previously bombing Japan from China,
               | which was farther than the Marianas, right?
        
         | cpleppert wrote:
         | The entire book is written like that. It should be pretty clear
         | by even his tone that he just speculating and creating his own
         | opinions to form a story. On top of that it is casually written
         | like a series of blog posts; I found it incredibly hard to take
         | seriously.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" What does he describe upon setting foot in this solemn space,
       | a site dedicated to the very subject of his book? Himself."_
       | 
       | So he's writing like a blogger.
        
       | imNotTheProb wrote:
       | Blink- "you can figure out a person's intentions from split
       | second facial expressions"
       | 
       | Talking to strangers- "everyone and their culture is different,
       | it's impossible to know if someone is lying"
        
         | specialist wrote:
         | Just finished Talking to Strangers. That's an unfair ungenerous
         | depiction, by omission. Specifically, the punch line.
         | 
         | Wide spread cargo cult adoption of Kansas City's policing
         | strategy ignored the science, explaining why few reproduced
         | KC's successes, with all sorts of terrible consequences,
         | resulting many senseless deaths, and destroying trust and
         | legitmacy of policing.
         | 
         | Just another tale of bad policy, unintended consequences,
         | railing against entrenched dogma.
         | 
         | In this case, Gladwell's quixotic suggestion is to step back,
         | reassess, try again. Daylighting the science during this cycle
         | of turmoil seems reasonable. Might even help.
         | 
         | What more could he do? What would you do?
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | Ideological consistency is often a barrier to amassing personal
         | wealth.
        
         | CalChris wrote:
         | _Talking To Strangers_ was a choice for Zoom book club I was in
         | during the shutdown. I was looking forward to it a little since
         | I recognized but didn 't know the name. I couldn't make my way
         | through it and dropped out.
         | 
         | He has a New Yorker writing style but without having anything
         | to say.
        
         | feintruled wrote:
         | Yeah, Blink was the first and last of his books I read. Nice
         | anecdotes but it struck me as nothing more than saying "Your
         | gut feeling is right, except when it's wrong"
        
           | Applejinx wrote:
           | More like, your intuitive jump related to areas in which you
           | are experienced and expert, can and does give you conclusions
           | way way quicker than it gives you justifications.
           | 
           | Hoving looking at a fake sculpture and instantly going 'NOPE'
           | is not a Joe Average reaction, but draws on lots of
           | experience. The story of gamblers giving stress reactions to
           | unfamiliar and dangerous card games is GAMBLERS.
           | 
           | Your gut feeling has nothing to do with it. What are you so
           | expert at, that you can just glance and you'll know? (as in,
           | more than would be justified by the lack of analysis and
           | prolonged exposure)
           | 
           | Being able to plausibly form hugely accelerated judgements
           | and have them check out, is interesting. It's also plausible
           | to me that few people build up that much expertise, to be
           | able to do that. But for those who do... and it can be in any
           | field, from any person... it's an interesting perspective.
        
           | ksd482 wrote:
           | Same!! I watched his TED talk on David and Goliath story and
           | I thought he was interesting. Then I picked up Blink. 25
           | pages in, I realized he was full of shit.
        
         | misiti3780 wrote:
         | I used to work on a government project where we were tasked
         | with building lie detectors based off the concepts of blink
         | (micro expressions) (and really Paul Ekman [1], where the
         | concepts in blink came from)
         | 
         | After a few years at it, I came away thinking the whole thing
         | was bullshit. Unfortunately, countless tax dollars were wasted.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.paulekman.com/blog/signs-of-lying/
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | The only Gladwell book I have read is "Outliers". When reading
         | it I couldn't shake the feeling that he was cherry picking his
         | examples. It never pulled back far enough to study the
         | phenomenon systematically and the examples he did use were
         | scattered all across the world and decades. I ended up being
         | fairly disappointed and have not bothered with any of his other
         | work.
         | 
         | I guess I was most disappointed because it was getting
         | absolutely stellar reviews at the time and I'm not sure why.
        
       | underseacables wrote:
       | I miss his old work, when it was focused more on pop-culture, and
       | less on idealism, and politics. The podcast was going really well
       | but as soon as he started going off on politics I lost interest
       | really quick.
        
         | SQueeeeeL wrote:
         | I love the idea that any history/philosophy can be divorced
         | from politics. Like, I only enjoy hearing this human beings
         | thoughts and opinions, but only if they exist in this narrow
         | band of what I deem acceptable.
         | 
         | His ideas on satire are extremely valuable IMO, explicitly
         | because of the political nature of his arguments. It critiques
         | the inability of modern social systems inability critique those
         | in power, and skillfully intermixes the politics of the time to
         | enhance his point (that part about A Wonderful Country is
         | beautiful, how an extremely political point can be made through
         | satire, leagues beyond SNL)
        
         | jedimastert wrote:
         | Yeah, I kinda dipped when I felt like there were more opinions
         | than history. Like, I understand that all history is colored by
         | the person telling it, and that was kinda the whole idea behind
         | Revisionist History in the first place, but I felt like he
         | moved from highlighting less known aspects of history to
         | highlighting basically where _he_ thought history had gone
         | wrong.
        
         | Tactician_mark wrote:
         | Was there a time when Gladwell wasn't political? The Tipping
         | Point was his first book, and it helped popularize broken
         | windows policing.
        
           | sjg007 wrote:
           | That style of policing was popular before Gladwell. It was
           | Giuliani who really doubled down on it in NYC as the
           | exemplar.
           | 
           | See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_windows_theory
           | 
           | It is also known as stop and frisk. This type of policing has
           | also been adopted to traffic stops as well and arguably has
           | lead to warrior cop policing.
           | 
           | Gladwell discusses the implications of this in Talking to
           | Strangers.
           | 
           | So if you want a perspective on guns, gun violence, policing
           | from the 1970s until today, I recommend it.
        
       | slg wrote:
       | >The only issue is that Gladwell's account doesn't withstand
       | serious scrutiny. As a piece of writing, The Bomber Mafia is
       | engaging. As a work of history, it borders on reckless. Setting
       | aside the numerous errors of fact and interpretation, Gladwell
       | consistently cherry-picks from the historical record. Wittingly
       | or not, he omits or downplays evidence that undermines the very
       | premise of the book.
       | 
       | Sub out history for science in the above paragraph and it is the
       | same criticism that Gladwell has been receiving for literally
       | decades. The guy is a good writer and storyteller but he
       | seemingly prioritizes good writing and story over telling the
       | most honest story. That isn't an unusual trait among pop-non-
       | fiction writers. The reason they become popular is what they
       | write is interesting and it is easier to make things interesting
       | if you are a little loose with the truth.
        
         | temp8964 wrote:
         | Lol. I see his critics did exactly that. The whole anti-ten-
         | thousand-hours people cherry picks borderline arguments and
         | ignores overall correctness of his general point.
        
           | chiefalchemist wrote:
           | Where I see people get 10k hours wrong is they think it
           | *guarantees* top shelf world class success. That's a
           | misinterpretation. The 10k rule is: *If* you make it to the
           | top, you will almost certainly have put in at least 10k
           | hours.
           | 
           | I'm not a Gladwell fan so I'm not certain about what he said.
           | I'm only wanting to point out the difference between the rule
           | and how very many misinterpret it.
        
             | temp8964 wrote:
             | Two common misinterpretations:
             | 
             | - 10k hours guarantees top success
             | 
             | - 10k hours practice is required for top success
             | 
             | The 10k hours rule does not say either. The 10k hours rule
             | only says 10k hours deliberate practice is generally
             | required to be a top expert in most fields. So there are
             | cases where 10k hours practice is not sufficient, and there
             | are cases where talent people (Mozart?) need way fewer
             | practice than regular people.
             | 
             | The 10k hours rule also does not say top experts need more
             | hours to be better. So there is "debunk" claiming no
             | correlation found among top expert performance and practice
             | which is kind of strawman attack.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | Correctness of what? That a single variable explains success?
           | Its completely ludicrous
        
             | temp8964 wrote:
             | "single variable explains success"? It is not what it
             | about.
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | Its exactly that when you keep saying 10 000 hours is a
               | magic number.
        
           | onemoresoop wrote:
           | I think the whole ten-thousand-hours is doing exactly that,
           | it presents some cherry-picked facts and ignores giving
           | substantial evidence. The main point of the book is quite
           | obvious before Gladwell wrapped it into pop science: hard
           | work does pay off one way or another but the extent of his
           | generalization is ... pop science
        
         | iainctduncan wrote:
         | Came here to say exactly that! Years ago he was a springboard
         | for me to read further on various topics, each time leading me
         | to conclude he doesn't give a shit about presenting the truth
         | if it gets in the way of his story. :(
        
         | mdeck_ wrote:
         | > The guy is a good writer and storyteller but he seemingly
         | prioritizes good writing and story over telling the most honest
         | story. That isn't an unusual trait among pop-non-fiction
         | writers.
         | 
         | It's not fair at all to cast Malcolm Gladwell as typical of pop
         | nonfiction writers--there are tons of great and serious writers
         | in the genre. It's truly a shame that Malcolm Gladwell, an
         | utter hack, has been consistently publishing garbage for
         | decades and that he has such a wide audience.
        
           | quadrangle wrote:
           | Despite the undeniably pattern of problematic framings
           | (particularly how Gladwell invites readers to feel that they
           | now have the answers as opposed to the scientific mindset of
           | now feeling that they have so many more questions), I don't
           | think "utter hack" is fair.
           | 
           | Gladwell is not only a superb storyteller, he's sincerely
           | interested in learning himself, has intriguing ideas... it's
           | sloppy (almost in a Gladwellian manner) to be angry about the
           | problems with his approach and then just insist that the
           | conclusion is that his stuff is just garbage and he's just a
           | hack.
        
             | wsinks wrote:
             | really great usage of Gladwellian here
        
           | slg wrote:
           | I'm not going to disagree with the merits of your point, but
           | I do want to provide clarification that I think there is a
           | gap between "not unusual" and "typical". I think the former
           | means it isn't rare while the later means it applies to most
           | people. To make up a number, if this applied to 20% of people
           | it would be both "not unusual" and "not typical".
        
       | throwaway0a5e wrote:
       | "Look at the incentives and I will show you the outcome"
       | 
       | It's easy to make LeMay look more evil than he was. Once you've
       | got the villain you need a hero if you want to tell a good story.
       | 
       | We're talking an author someone who does a layman level history
       | podcast here. You can't expect him to fight over facts like a
       | lawyer. That's just not what you do when you produce that kind of
       | content. He's gonna find a bunch of facts, point the ones he
       | likes in the direction of the point he wants to make and then
       | turn them loose. And if the result is a good story he's gonna
       | sell a whole bunch of books to the kinds of people who listen to
       | his podcast.
       | 
       | It's a shame that making a mess out of history is a good business
       | model but the fact of the matter is that it is.
        
       | dlivingston wrote:
       | I quite like Malcolm Gladwell. Here's why:
       | 
       | I view empirical truth as having layers. There is one objective
       | truth, of course, but there are higher-order concentric rings of
       | abstractions above those that aren't strictly true but serve as
       | an accurate enough first-order approximation of the truth.
       | 
       | The cliched example of this would be the Bohr model of atoms
       | being the first "ring" of truth, and quantum mechanics being a
       | second or third "ring". Another example would be "everything
       | revolves around the earth" -> "everything revolves around the
       | sun" -> "Newtonian gravity" -> "Einsteinian general relativity".
       | 
       | As a first-order approximation of the truth, Gladwell is fine.
       | There are serious criticisms of him in this article that may
       | cause me to rethink this, but as long as they aren't full-on
       | manipulations of reality, I view them as a useful entry point
       | into a subject.
       | 
       | Nuanced and rigorous history requires careful and objective study
       | to truly understand. Gladwell, on the other hand, I can read in
       | the bathtub with a cold beer. He's fun in a way that the more
       | academic approach to history necessarily can't be (unless there
       | is a Feynman-esque character writing history books that I'm not
       | aware of?)
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | Truth having layers of detail seems accurate to me. Outer
         | layers conflicting with inner layers is foolish and means that
         | the outer layer wasn't true at all.
         | 
         | Fiction claiming to be non-fiction is annoying and should at
         | least be labeled accurately.
        
           | xapata wrote:
           | You'd not be able to label anything as non-fiction, unless it
           | were from the mouth of Cthulu. No matter how dryly something
           | is presented, the reader should still be skeptical.
        
         | jmkni wrote:
         | I like Adam Curtis for the same reason
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | Curtis is trying to create a certain sort of dream state in
           | which the free association of ideas takes place and you
           | reframe your perspective on society.
           | 
           | I'd hesitate to call it even something that could be true.
           | It's more like an abstract painting.
           | 
           | I went through quite a hostile phase, as it's clearly
           | masquerading as something it isn't. It's more a work of
           | aesthetic-political creation, than any kind of "history".
           | 
           | It's a made up history of a possible world view possible dead
           | people might have had; for the sake of saying something about
           | our world views today.
        
             | mopsi wrote:
             | > _It 's more like an abstract painting._
             | 
             | Or a music video: Massive Attack x Adam Curtis
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3e3I1mLc3RM&t=54s
        
         | Seattle3503 wrote:
         | > Nuanced and rigorous history requires careful and objective
         | study to truly understand.
         | 
         | It seems like the most objective account of history one can
         | create is merely a recollection of all facts, with no room for
         | editorialization. I've read some books by historians and I find
         | it hard to follow when reading in the 20 minute increments my
         | free time is divided into. Maybe that's just my problem, but it
         | makes me understand why some people reach for pop history.
        
           | chillacy wrote:
           | Given finite resources (limited pages in a book), the
           | decision to put some facts over others into said book is by
           | nature a form of editorialization.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | Academic history is storytelling rather than a recollection
           | of facts. This is why there are different analysis modes and
           | multiple views of the same events can all be valid work.
           | 
           | That said, it is definitely the case that academic history is
           | written for other academics and is often _terribly_ dry for
           | people outside of the field. There are exceptions, but little
           | about a book itself will tell you whether it is one of the
           | ones that are well suited for amateur readers.
        
         | lovegoblin wrote:
         | And that's fair enough, except he doesn't present his work as
         | merely "first ring of truth" - he presents it as a _deeper_
         | ring, or at least certainly does not indicate that it 's merely
         | an introduction.
         | 
         | So laypeople read his books and listen to his podcasts and
         | don't know that the truth has been fudged so much for the sake
         | of storytelling that it borders on outright misleading. But it
         | was so entertaining in the meantime that it feels like
         | additional insight - which of course is the brilliant trick of
         | his marketing.
        
         | enriquepablo wrote:
         | > Nuanced and rigorous history requires careful and objective
         | study to truly understand.
         | 
         | Have you read https://acoup.blog/?
         | 
         | Another reader above (@iainctduncan) said:
         | 
         | > Years ago he was a springboard for me to read further on
         | various topics, each time leading me to conclude he doesn't
         | give a shit about presenting the truth if it gets in the way of
         | his story. :(
         | 
         | If everyone were like her or him, it would be fine to write
         | sloppyly and engagingly about science and history posing as if
         | you were a real authority. But that doesnt seem to be the case
         | (this is HN).
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | That is fine, of course, but be careful not to believe the
         | conclusions you draw from Gladwell alone and be _very_ careful
         | about asserting those conclusions as guides to future behavior
         | without going to the effort of finding out where he is simply
         | wrong.
        
         | didibus wrote:
         | > There is one objective truth, of course
         | 
         | Not necessarily, I think it's very likely that the foundation
         | of truth is ever changing in itself, nothing has to be fixed in
         | time and space.
         | 
         | > but there are higher-order concentric rings of abstractions
         | above those that aren't strictly true but serve as an accurate
         | enough first-order approximation of the truth
         | 
         | I think one thing that was a big "haha" moment for me was
         | actually reconsidering what I'm even trying to accomplish when
         | discussing "truth". I realized that in actuality, we are simply
         | framing facts and observations into conceptual models that
         | allows us to predict or infer further conclusions. This means
         | we really only care about the practicalities.
         | 
         | Like you said, quantum physics and general relativity are
         | simply two conceptual models, in practice they each work well
         | for certain things, but we've found they are incompatible right
         | now, and what one is good at the other not so much. And that's
         | fine, unless you wrongly obsess over "truth", which you will
         | never find. But if you focus on your practicalities, then it's
         | a question of finding the most effective conceptual model you
         | can, and then applying it to your life.
         | 
         | When it comes to history, it's the same. It doesn't really
         | matter what actually happened and why. What matters is the
         | conceptual model you use to look at the artifacts you've got,
         | and what that allows you to do today in your life. It might be
         | that one framing of history helps you keep together a free
         | society and keep authoritarian agents at bay, if so, it's a
         | pretty good model of history. If it doesn't allow you to do
         | this, and actually does the opposite, and that's not your goal,
         | than it's a bad model of history.
         | 
         | Start thinking that way, and history becomes a means to protect
         | yourself from future mistakes using past data. Now your model
         | of history can be objectively measured in how good it is at
         | doing that.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | This 'means to an end truth' should never be confused for the
           | actual truth. QM and GR are both as true as we can make them.
           | Newtonian mechanics is even more useful of a model, since
           | it's much easier to work with, but it just isn't true at some
           | point.
           | 
           | The lesson to learn from the current limits of physics isn't
           | that you should construct whichever narrative best serves
           | your propaganda and stop obsessing about the truth. The only
           | lesson they should teach you in history is to not obsess too
           | much about details that just can't be known (like the
           | internal motivations or beliefs of historical figures) and
           | instead to focus on what actually happened (like the impact
           | their actions had).
        
         | carbonguy wrote:
         | > as they aren't full-on manipulations of reality, I view them
         | as a useful entry point into a subject.
         | 
         | But then, this is exactly the critique the article advances: in
         | this book Gladwell presents a narrative that gives readers (to
         | put it charitably) an incomplete understanding of the nature of
         | American air doctrine in WWII. Omission of facts IS
         | manipulation of reality, and what Gladwell has created seems to
         | be more akin to a third- or fourth-order representation of
         | reality where a heavily biased selection of (to be fair, mostly
         | true) facts is then glossed and presented in a form where one
         | "can read it in the bathtub with a cold beer" and have a good
         | time. Nothing inherently wrong with that, but it's pretty
         | remarkable to assume that such a work gives you any meaningful
         | grasp of a subject in addition to being entertainment.
        
           | joshuak wrote:
           | I think by "manipulations" the parent's implication is,
           | manipulation to some purpose, as in to fabricate support for
           | some political or philosophical belief. It's so common to
           | manipulate reality for the purpose of entertainment that we
           | have a fairly benign term for it: poetic license.
        
             | xenophonf wrote:
             | Then label Gladwell's works as the fictions they are.
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | > "The only issue is that Gladwell's account doesn't withstand
       | serious scrutiny. As a piece of writing, The Bomber Mafia is
       | engaging. As a work of history, it borders on reckless."
       | 
       | So it's classic MG? He's a good easy - often feel good - read.
       | However, the pattern that's too clear is he rarely supplies a
       | counter argumemt or counter view. He takes his position and then
       | plays pile on with "the facts."
        
       | [deleted]
        
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