[HN Gopher] As religious faith has declined, ideological intensi...
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       As religious faith has declined, ideological intensity has risen
        
       Author : ali92hm
       Score  : 562 points
       Date   : 2021-06-11 13:40 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theatlantic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theatlantic.com)
        
       | sammalloy wrote:
       | After thinking about it for a very long time, I've come to
       | believe that "religious faith" is ultimately a form of
       | intellectual laziness, and every religious adherent of every
       | faith that I've cornered after a nice meal and a few drinks has
       | all but admitted as such.
        
         | dijit wrote:
         | I'm inclined to agree, though that does not preclude them being
         | otherwise smart, kind, open etc.
         | 
         | I think also that we as humans have "religions" that are also
         | intellectual cop-outs in other areas. Left vs Right, Capitalism
         | vs <<other>>, Nationalism/Patriotism vs Globalism.
         | 
         | I find a lot of people don't have nuance to their thinking they
         | just blindly believe what ever they've settled in on, which
         | leads to those funny "curb your capitalism/communism" YouTube
         | videos, where people can't defend closely held convictions.
        
       | j_wtf_all_taken wrote:
       | Faith is fine (in god, democracy, veganism, open source or a
       | political party - whatever). Blind faith (= ideology) is a
       | problem.
        
       | wturner wrote:
       | I wish we had a world where the discernment between science,
       | axiom and ideology was a real thing ironed into the public muscle
       | memory as much as ideology itself. Idealism.
        
         | rogerkirkness wrote:
         | Teleological thinking centers in our brain atrophy but remain
         | active even if you denounce religion.
        
           | eli_gottlieb wrote:
           | There is no specific center in the brain for teleological
           | thinking.
        
           | drak0n1c wrote:
           | Teleological thinking persists regardless of whether you're
           | secular. The "ideological intensity" in the article is partly
           | a result of teleological drive judging every facet of modern
           | life, even the trivial. On the left it is how X contributes
           | to equity vs oppression, and on the right it is how X
           | contributes to orderliness vs dysfunction.
        
           | beaconstudios wrote:
           | Teleological thinking does not have to be supernatural, as
           | long as you replace the idea of a "will" driving things
           | towards a final state, with the idea of attractors and stable
           | versus unstable states. You can't really deny telos and also
           | believe in evolution as a system that fits species to their
           | environments.
        
             | bobthechef wrote:
             | Right, telos is not purely a matter of will, which is a
             | special case. Telos is about the ordering of a thing toward
             | an end. You can't explain efficiently causality without
             | recourse to telos. The fact that the same causes
             | consistently lead to the same effects is a testament to the
             | telos of the things involved.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, most opponents of telos don't really
             | understand what it really means. They seem to hold to a
             | mechanistic/Paleyian view of the world and assume the telos
             | can therefore only be something in some mind external to
             | the universe that directs things according to its purposes
             | but that things themselves lack any intrinsic teleological
             | character. But this is not correct.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | It seems to be the materialist/reductionist perspective,
               | which is based on 19th century science (despite being
               | totally outmoded since the early 20th century and the
               | discovery of emergent properties in physics and biology
               | alike).
               | 
               | I sincerely think that it's the thing holding us back the
               | most in the 21st century.
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | Evolution fits species to their environments in exactly the
             | same sense (though not quite by the same mechanism) that
             | gravity fits puddles to theirs.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | That's also a teleological approach (looking at the final
               | state of the interaction of rain, terrain and gravity) -
               | I used evolution as an example because its the first
               | thing that came to mind.
               | 
               | Evolution is also a good touchpoint because everybody who
               | considers themselves "rational" accepts it, and yet it is
               | taught, and reasoned about, teleologically - compared to
               | most pop-science topics which are analytical in nature.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | I don't think most people would think of puddles as
               | having telos. Telos goes beyond what is and looks at
               | purpose and meaning in terms of what ought to be. Puddles
               | don't really have a purpose in that sense, and neither
               | does evolution. Puddles fill voids, not because that's
               | their purpose, but simply because that's what happens
               | when you have water, gravity, and the right kind of void.
               | Likewise for evolution. I know some people like to
               | ascribe telos to evolution, but they're simply wrong, at
               | least as adjudicated by the evidence.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | My understanding is that telos is about the final
               | configuration of something, the outcome of it, as well as
               | its goals in the human sense, and that these two ideas
               | are covered by the concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic
               | telos. Extrinsic telos, as in human purposive use, isn't
               | what I was talking about - I meant intrinsic telos, the
               | settled state that a system will reach if left to its own
               | devices.
               | 
               | If you leave rain to its own devices, it will form
               | puddles through gravity and the depressions in the
               | environment. If you don't change the environment
               | (practically impossible given species are part of the
               | environment themselves, but hey-ho), evolution will
               | (loosely) match the species to said environment, or kill
               | them off, if allowed to run to infinite time.
               | 
               | Those examples both spell out the idea of intrinsic telos
               | to me.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | I refer you to:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telos
               | 
               | "Telos [refers] to the full potential or inherent purpose
               | or objective of a person or thing,[2] similar to the
               | notion of an 'end goal' or 'raison d'etre'. Telos is the
               | root of the modern term teleology, the study of
               | purposiveness or of objects with a view to their aims,
               | purposes, or intentions."
               | 
               | Puddles don't have aims, purposes, or intentions.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | From the teleological viewpoint, the purpose of rain is
               | to become a puddle - or soak into the soil, or rejoin the
               | oceans, etc etc.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleology
               | 
               | > (from telos, telos, 'end', 'aim', or 'goal,' and logos,
               | logos, 'explanation' or 'reason')[1] or finality[2][3] is
               | a reason or explanation for something as a function of
               | its end, purpose, or goal, as opposed to as a function
               | of, say, its cause.
               | 
               | > Natural teleology, common in classical philosophy,
               | though controversial today,[5] contends that natural
               | entities also have intrinsic purposes, irrespective of
               | human use or opinion. For instance, Aristotle claimed
               | that an acorn's intrinsic telos is to become a fully
               | grown oak tree.
               | 
               | That's the angle I'm coming from. Especially this part,
               | given my introduction to teleology was through learning
               | about systems theory:
               | 
               | > An example of the reintroduction of teleology into
               | modern language is the notion of an attractor.
        
         | wyager wrote:
         | The "science" most people believe (more accurately called
         | scientism) is an aspect of the state secular religion.
        
           | remarkEon wrote:
           | It's interesting seeing this point, which has been around the
           | internet for at least a decade now, start to get printed in
           | what are otherwise mainstream publications these days. I
           | don't know that I buy it, but I certainly understand and see
           | the merit of the argument.
        
             | zxzax wrote:
             | I don't really buy it, it seems to suggest that scientific
             | discoveries are not questioned and changed constantly, when
             | they absolutely are. It's not accurate to always refer to
             | them as "beliefs."
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | scientism isn't typically practiced by scientists
               | themselves, but atheist types who love pop-science and
               | "science communicators" and the like. There's a ton of
               | tropes associated with this belief system that have
               | nothing to do with the actual process of scientific
               | discovery. The Big Bang Theory as a show panders to this
               | type, with physics techno-babble and guest appearances by
               | Stephen Hawking (RIP) and Neil deGrasse Tyson.
        
               | zxzax wrote:
               | You seem to be describing a stereotype and not an actual
               | person, and also that seems to be conflating it with an
               | actual view on religious beliefs (atheism). So I can't
               | say I know what you mean.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | There's no conflating. Scientism-types being atheist (or
               | anti-theist) seems to be a pretty universal pattern in my
               | experience. If I called someone a bible-basher, it
               | wouldn't be conflating to say they're a Christian - it's
               | a prerequisite. It's also a stereotype, but if I were to
               | call somebody a bible-basher you'd (presumably) know the
               | kinds of character traits I was implying (sanctimonious,
               | primarily).
               | 
               | But this feels like describing the colour blue - if you
               | don't already know what it is, being on Hacker News, I
               | don't think I can help you. Familiarising yourself with
               | the philosophy of science (like Karl Popper's ideas for a
               | start) and then looking at the way that many redditors
               | and HNers talk about science (especially pop-science in
               | astronomy and physics) or treat whitepapers, "new study
               | finds" journalism etc would make you notice the
               | difference.
        
               | zxzax wrote:
               | I'm still not really sure what that's supposed to mean or
               | why it's not conflation, many Christians that I've met
               | have wildly varying views on the bible. I also don't see
               | what the difference here is supposed to be -- in general,
               | there is not a lot of fact checking happening on public
               | social media, and if there is, it also has a lot of its
               | own bias. I don't see that as being specific to comments
               | on scientific articles or evidence of any kind of
               | "scientism," it's just the usual confirmation bias.
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | I mean, I agree with you, it's not accurate to refer to
               | "science" as "[a set of] beliefs" but that's sort of
               | besides the point. The point others are making is that
               | "believe the science" is not the mantra of a society that
               | actually "does science" but one that "Practices The
               | Science^(tm)".
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | I think it expresses doubt in ability of a layperson to
               | make a rational judgement on merits of a particular
               | scientific research or process rather than on science
               | itself.
        
               | zxzax wrote:
               | I don't understand what this is supposed to mean. There
               | is nothing in the context of "science itself" besides
               | that particular scientific research or process. That's
               | what it's defined as. Did you mean something like: a
               | layperson might be inclined to place higher value on
               | scientific research performed by a personal friend or
               | colleague? That's probably true in some cases, but it's
               | not "scientism."
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | You sure are doing a lot of not understanding in here.
               | Let me break it down for you: the vast majority of people
               | who say things like "trust the science" don't have the
               | first clue about what the science actually says. It's a
               | dogmatically held belief to them.
               | 
               | That isn't to say that the problem does not occur in
               | other types, or that they're wrong about what they
               | believe just because they don't understand it.
        
               | zxzax wrote:
               | >You sure are doing a lot of not understanding in here.
               | 
               | I mean, yes? I don't pretend to know everything about
               | everyone.
               | 
               | >the vast majority of people who say things like "trust
               | the science" don't have the first clue about what the
               | science actually says. It's a dogmatically held belief to
               | them.
               | 
               | I can't agree with this, if they would change their mind
               | about it, it's not a dogmatic belief. You seem to be
               | generalizing about a large number of people, have you
               | asked all of them if they would be open to changing their
               | mind, given new evidence?
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | Every christian that turned atheist held a dogmatic
               | belief, changing your mind later doesn't change that it
               | is dogmatic. And in my experience, most people need more
               | than rational opposing viewpoint to change their minds
               | about most things.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | icelancer wrote:
             | "Believe science."
             | 
             | Vox and others stealth-editing articles, people yelling at
             | you if you don't blindly believe the CDC/WHO, etc.
             | 
             | Science by its very nature is heretical, questioning,
             | skeptical. "Belief" in science is exactly what we should
             | not be doing, yet is pushed by the academic elites.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | gandalfgreybeer wrote:
               | I'm slightly surprised to see this line of thinking in
               | HN. The so-called "Belief" in science is not driven by
               | blind faith that what people are saying are true. It's
               | that you understand that before something is believed it
               | goes through a rigorous system of fact checking /
               | experimental confirmation. So if something is considered
               | by people from different fields as true, then it likely
               | is. But as you said, it's questioning and skeptical so if
               | new data is put forward then it can adjust. Science isn't
               | just about being right, it's a system of truth finding
               | and understanding.
        
               | icelancer wrote:
               | >> The so-called "Belief" in science is not driven by
               | blind faith that what people are saying are true. It's
               | that you understand that before something is believed it
               | goes through a rigorous system of fact checking /
               | experimental confirmation.
               | 
               | Right. None of which happened with the proclamations by
               | the CDC/WHO who also had potential perverse incentives.
               | Globally appointed scientists are not the arbiters of
               | science. That is my biggest issue with the "believe
               | science" movement.
        
               | gandalfgreybeer wrote:
               | This statement clarified things; I see your point more
               | clearly now.
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | > So if something is considered by people from different
               | fields as true, then it likely is.
               | 
               | This is actually _very_ unscientific, a good chunk of
               | what we currently hold to be true within science
               | disproved previous science. A good example of really
               | strong, good and useful science that was later replaced
               | is Newtonian mechanics.
               | 
               | In reality, science is never finished, but the prevailing
               | view throughout time is "we have most of it figured out"
               | and time and time again this is proven false. Hopefully
               | it continues to be.
               | 
               | And it might not be comforting to confront, but yes, the
               | vast majority of people's belief in science is not
               | analytical or rational, it is dogmatic. It doesn't mean
               | the particular scientific things people believe are
               | wrong, but most people, even scientists themselves, hold
               | a lot of beliefs dogmatically and the idea that it is
               | rational is protection of the ego and comparable to
               | belief in divine wisdom.
        
               | gandalfgreybeer wrote:
               | You only highlighted one sentence of what I said but left
               | out the part where I said:
               | 
               | > if new data is put forward then it can adjust.
               | 
               | Which is essentially the same as the ideas you put
               | forward.
               | 
               | Also, coming from a Physics background, I would argue
               | that to say that Newtonian mechanics has been completely
               | replaced is false. There are more accurate models of the
               | universe especially as we go to a quantum level or levels
               | approaching the speed of light, but for most models it
               | still works. As the saying goes, "all models are wrong,
               | but some models are more useful than others". Newtonian
               | mechanics still works, but it doesn't work all the time.
               | 
               | But main thing is, we are in agreement that Science is
               | not finished; there is a balance between being open to
               | knowing that there might be a better model compared to
               | what we know now, but until it disproves what we know now
               | (or explains things out current models can't and can be
               | verified experimentally), there is no reason to not trust
               | our currently accepted and verified ones.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | > It's that you understand that before something is
               | believed it goes through a rigorous system of fact
               | checking / experimental confirmation
               | 
               | To be honest, the way you've phrased this makes it sound
               | like you've totally bought in to state secular
               | scientismic dogma.
               | 
               | The entire concept of "fact checking" (outsourcing your
               | rational facilities to journalists and e-celebs) is
               | diametrically opposed to actual scientific thought.
               | 
               | It's also completely false that before "something is
               | believed" (by which I think you mean is ensconced as
               | scientismic dogma by the cathedral) it is subject to
               | actual "experimental confirmation" (under any reasonable
               | interpretation of that term). How many times has the FDA
               | changed the official "nutrition science" dietary
               | recommendations over the last 50 years? The entire time,
               | they've claimed their approach has been evidence-based,
               | which may be true in some narrow sense, but the
               | predictive confidence of their claims are so bad and
               | noisy that they keep changing the official "scientific"
               | beliefs.
               | 
               | This is not unique to nutrition. Many politically
               | relevant fields have very strong-sounding dogmatic claims
               | made from on high with what is actually extremely weak
               | evidence.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | > Vox and others stealth-editing articles, people yelling
               | at you if you don't blindly believe the CDC/WHO
               | 
               | These two things are the opposite of each other. Would
               | you prefer Vox not edit articles?
        
               | icelancer wrote:
               | "stealth-editing"
        
             | andrewmcwatters wrote:
             | There's a difference between speculation and practicing
             | belief, and what I see non-religous Americans practice is
             | secular belief--that is--scientism. "Belief" in science.
             | It's not speculation, because if it was, you might see
             | people saying "I don't know, we'll wait and see" more
             | often. Instead, I watch and read about people in America
             | who are _convinced_ of certain outcomes without any thought
             | as to whether or not what they posit is true.
        
           | bitL wrote:
           | Yeah, scientism used to be a huge problem at the end of the
           | 19th/beginning of the 20th century, and we seem to be there
           | again.
        
           | wturner wrote:
           | I don't know who "most people" are but if you are conflating
           | science with values (I did a quick look up of the definition
           | of "scientism") you are doing it wrong - and it isn't
           | science. This reminds me of a video I watched once. An author
           | named Sam Harris wrote an entire book titled The Moral
           | Landscape that supposedly (I haven't read the book) makes the
           | argument that science can precisely inform our value
           | judgments . A physics professor named Sean Carol confronted
           | him publicly on his views and explained the demarcation
           | between values and science. Each time Sean would pin him down
           | Sam would squirm around and change the topic or miss the
           | point. I don't think most people agree with Sam Harris's view
           | (which from what I've read embody what you are talking about)
           | , but at the same time I don't think most people care about
           | any of this stuff either way. :)
        
             | betwixthewires wrote:
             | As someone who does agree with Sam Harris' view, I do
             | notice that he does this thing where over explains his
             | point to fog it up and then when confronted accuses his
             | opponent of misattributing what he said. It is a clever but
             | dishonest debate tactic.
        
           | andrewmcwatters wrote:
           | '"Believe" in the science.'
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | This is a commonly held view among the punditry. But the author
       | ignores the obvious counterexample: all the division in the 50s,
       | 60s, and 70s such as over desegregation, civil rights, abortion,
       | and the Vietnam war, despite higher rates of religiosity. You
       | cango farther back: the civil war. America has always been deeply
       | divided.
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | I think the obvious counter example is the fact that there's a
         | lot of political extremism in the bible belt. The extremism
         | seems to be more homogeneously distributed where lack of
         | religion isn't.
        
       | mrwnmonm wrote:
       | I don't think religion is declining at all.
        
         | mrwnmonm wrote:
         | I remember one time there were two articles on the front page
         | of HN. One says "If you want to be more productive, be more
         | happy", then you scroll down and you find "If you want to be
         | more productive, be more depressed".
         | 
         | Take a look at this article for example
         | https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/27/religion-why-is...
         | 
         | Determining if religion is declining or rising is more complex
         | than just making a poll.
        
       | simplify wrote:
       | There are religions, there are ideologies, and there are
       | tribalisms. Tribalism is the underlying cause of most of
       | humanity's bad behavior. And unfortunately, it creeps into
       | religions and ideologies more often than not.
       | 
       | In other words, as the article states, rationality is not going
       | to increase as religion decreases. Tribalism is a fundamental
       | human tendency, and few religions / ideologies address it
       | correctly - if at all.
        
         | mistermann wrote:
         | > There are religions, there are ideologies, and there are
         | tribalisms. Tribalism is the underlying cause of most of
         | humanity's bad behavior. And unfortunately, it creeps into
         | religions and ideologies more often than not.
         | 
         | I think one needs to go a bit deeper. Tribalism is ~~the~~ _an_
         | underlying cause, but I believe an even deeper cause lies at
         | the root (or _a deeper root_ at least), one that enables
         | tribalism and all other things higher in the stack: the nature
         | of human consciousness. Consciousness presents us with an
         | illusion (estimation, simulation, perspective, opinion, etc) of
         | reality, and we mistake this for reality itself. What 's even
         | stranger about the situation is that _we already know this_.
         | And yet despite this, we continue on living our lives (our
         | _real time behavior_ ) as if this is not actually true.
         | 
         | Worse, I believe that this illusion has been encoded/embedded
         | within portions of the ~fabric of reality. As just one example,
         | look at our language (very simplistic compared to the reality
         | we use it to describe), but more so _how we use it_ (on a real
         | time, day to day basis). Take the word  "is", which means "to
         | be". "1 + 1 _is_ 2 " is (almost certainly) an objectively and
         | comprehensively true statement. But then take "Tribalism is the
         | underlying cause of most of humanity's bad behavior"...is this
         | almost certainly an _objectively and comprehensively true
         | statement_? I suspect not. And yet, we use the very same word.
         | _And this is an extremely simple, fairly innocuous statement_
         | compared to many other examples (say, journalism) where we use
         | this word in a way that _implies_ (is perceived as) being of
         | the  "1+1=2" variety, but is actually of the estimation/opinion
         | type (in turn, increasing the magnitude of illusion further,
         | creating an _even more powerful_ coordinated /synchronized
         | illusion).
         | 
         | Now, I'm quite confident that you were speaking casually and
         | can understand the complex nuance in play if you put your mind
         | to it...but what of third parties who ingest information in
         | threads like this, adding portions of it to their model of
         | reality, perhaps even repeating the "truths" they have learned
         | to others? While it's true that many people _are able to_
         | switch their mind into extreme pedantry mode (for short periods
         | of time with some degree of skill) and pick nits along with me,
         | what is actually happening (in the real world as it is) when
         | they are not in this mode, and are interacting in a complex
         | system with billions of other people who are also not in this
         | mode the vast majority of the time, if ever?
         | 
         | Imagine you have a giant computing cluster with 7 billion
         | nodes, and the software running on every single node _is
         | utterly riddled with bugs, a complete mess of continuous errors
         | in computation_ - might the output of this cluster be
         | suboptimal relative to one that has less bugs?
        
           | simplify wrote:
           | I don't think it's useful to blame consciousness in the
           | context of this thread. Why not keep going and blame the big
           | bang for the mass shooting in Austin yesterday morning?
           | Technically true, but not useful to point out.
           | 
           | Additionally, you're assuming there _is_ such a thing as
           | objective reality. Your 1+1=2 example is based on manmade
           | axioms. It 's not an objectively true statement, it's a
           | conclusion based on an approximated system of logic that
           | humans have invented for convenience. How much is "one"
           | apple, for example? If "1" in your equation represents an
           | apple, can you swap one apple for another and have an
           | equivalent result?
        
             | mistermann wrote:
             | I think of it much as you might when debugging a systems
             | problem: it seems to me that the nature of consciousness is
             | likely the least distant and most impactful entity that we
             | are able to exert influence upon.
             | 
             | I do indeed assume there is an objective reality, as it
             | seems you do (or did) as well. Something I find very
             | interesting about this theory is that it regularly invokes
             | a solipsism response when someone is exposed to it, even
             | though it is a very simple idea that is fairly consistent
             | with mainstream psychology and neuroscience.
        
               | simplify wrote:
               | The reason I point out the problem of objective reality
               | is your comment of "is this almost certainly an
               | objectively and comprehensively true statement? I suspect
               | not". Perhaps I misunderstood what you were saying. In
               | fact I don't think I understood the point you were trying
               | to make at all. Not being snarky, I'm just now confused.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | I was being extremely precise (because I believe the
               | problem is extremely important).
               | 
               | So, my interpretation of "Tribalism is the underlying
               | cause of most of humanity's bad behavior", focuses on the
               | words "the" and "most", as well as the general idea of
               | what ails humanity. I would say that this aspect is
               | extremely truthy and extremely important, but I believe
               | it is even more true that the particulars of
               | consciousness itself is THE root cause of all the world's
               | problems...and not just in a "well duh, no shit" sense,
               | but in a _this is where humanity should be focusing its
               | very best minds_ sense. I believe the problem is
               | blatantly obvious and well known, but for some reason we
               | seem unable to take it seriously.
        
         | K0nserv wrote:
         | I have a theory that tribalism is simultaneously the most
         | important condition for civilisations and also often their
         | undoing. The great filter[0] argues that it's unlikely for a
         | civilisation to reach the stage where it can visit other star
         | systems and this is why earth hasn't been visited by aliens.
         | 
         | Tribalism is a fundamental component in starting on the road to
         | a modern civilisation, without it there is not capacity to
         | innovate as all individuals are occupied with gathering food
         | and finding shelter. Only when humans settled down in groups
         | did we have the ability for some individuals to be freed from
         | the toil of daily life to invent things.
         | 
         | In any case, if you assume this tribalism is crucial for
         | civilisations to get started, then all alien civilisations
         | would have had the same component. However, while tribalism is
         | crucial in the earliest life of a civilisation I think it's
         | detrimental later. In particular, it makes tackling global
         | challenges like climate change difficult and in the presence of
         | word ending weapons it makes total destruction likely.
         | 
         | We've already seen examples of this e.g. inaction on climate
         | change because China won't do their part and with the mutually
         | assured destruction of nuclear weapons.
         | 
         | So in essence I agree with you and because tribalism is an
         | evolutionary trait I expect it will also be our undoing long
         | term.
         | 
         | 0: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Filter
        
         | krmboya wrote:
         | I know at least in Christianity tribalism is addressed.
         | 
         | One instance where Jesus says love your neighbour, then the
         | listeners ask him who should be considered a neighbour. He
         | responds with a story about a Samaritan who goes out of his way
         | to help a Jew robbed and left for dead, as an example of a good
         | neighbour.
         | 
         | Jews and Samaritans at the time despised each other.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | dragonwriter wrote:
       | It's interesting that basically no evidence is presented for the
       | focal narrative of the piece, just generalizations and subjective
       | impressions. I think the author is one of the many people who
       | mistook the partisan civility that resulted from, and whose
       | fading remnants lasted a while past, the long period of
       | realignment covering most of the mid-to-late 20th Century in
       | which the two major parties were not well-aligned with the main
       | ideological divides, so that neither could too-openly invoke them
       | without risking internal schism, with an absence of intense
       | ideological division.
        
       | seaorg wrote:
       | Religious faith hasn't declined. It's just re-branded.
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | The title of the article when I visit is "America without God"
       | and it's subtitle is one of many sweeping statements about
       | humanity that I've seen debated by Americans that seem a bit
       | parochial when considering the global context.
        
       | nikolay wrote:
       | Yeah, people need to believe in something - faith is part of our
       | human nature, and that's why it's a phenomenon across the globe.
       | As an Eastern Orthodox, I don't need any ideology other than
       | Orthodoxy, which defines my value system and which pretty much
       | gives me an answer for all the good and bad happening; it's
       | unifying, not dividing. That's why I have a hard time associating
       | myself with any secular ideology, as they all conflict with
       | Orthodoxy in one or many ways. I always found it funny that
       | Republicans in the States often present themselves as Christians.
       | Still, they don't act as such - in fact, their values predate
       | Christ and are based on the Old Testament ("An eye for an eye,"
       | etc.) and ignore the existence of the New Testament and the
       | teachings of Christ.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | Interesting. I always found religion divisive. If I don't
         | believe in God then I can't really take part in all these cool
         | religious community stuff like church, boy scouts, etc.
        
       | tomohawk wrote:
       | As predicted by Nietzsche.
       | 
       | For a great modern explainer, check out Beyond Reason, by Jordan
       | Peterson. Rule VI, abandon ideology covers this.
        
         | deadite wrote:
         | Not at all ironic that you're being downvoted in this thread.
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | I don't know why you were downvoted for this. It's something he
         | explicitly described. You see it in the form of "corporate
         | values." Corporations don't have values, people have values,
         | and the subcontext of corporate values is that leadership at
         | those companies make their own values.[1][2]
         | 
         | When you hear about a corporation espousing "values," they're
         | practicing corporate Nietzscheism. Most of the time, they're
         | not doing it because they knowingly follow Friedrich
         | Nietzsche's philosophy, but rather that they parrot the
         | philosophy from other corporate examples... as predicted by
         | Nietzsche.
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvaluation_of_values
         | 
         | [2]: https://philosophynow.org/issues/29/Nietzsche_and_Values
        
           | opportune wrote:
           | What's interesting about stated/explicit corporate values is
           | they are almost always based on what you'd call "slave
           | morality", like being good, traditionally moral participants.
           | That's because those values are for underlings and PR for the
           | general public, though set by the top.
           | 
           | But of course, they are actually run under the master
           | morality of doing what is expedient to achieve the goal
           | (usually money).
           | 
           | > Most of the time, they're not doing it because they
           | knowingly follow Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy, but rather
           | that they parrot the philosophy from other corporate
           | examples... as predicted by Nietzsche.
           | 
           | It could also be that in the modern world, most powerful
           | institutions don't associate themselves with religion
           | directly (like pre-modern power structures, kingdoms and
           | empires, etc) so they have no default values to fall back on.
           | Large corporations transcend nations and cultures, so cannot
           | even fall back on those specific cultural values. Thus they
           | must make their own, not necessarily to mimick others, but
           | because having a large organization with no publicly stated
           | values is simply confusing to us hairless apes.
        
       | Proven wrote:
       | In my experience, while American conservatives have become more
       | moderate over years, socialists have gotten worse and more
       | extreme in every which way.
        
       | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
       | The article says that people need not just political engagement
       | but contemplation, standing outside the present moment and
       | communing with something beyond. But is that a view that
       | Americans now necessarily share? One concept that maybe has
       | become quietly mainstream is materialism. (By that, however, I am
       | not claiming that supporters of whatever American political camp
       | are literally Marxists.) That is, any kind of moment away from
       | present-day political struggles might be viewed as capitulation
       | or as callously ignoring the plight of the oppressed.
       | 
       | As a non-American, I get the impression that this is a growing
       | trend from it appearing even on e.g. internet literature forums
       | in the last few years: poets writing abstract work at a distance
       | from the political concerns of the present and seeking a certain
       | timelessness and glimpse of eternity (think T.S. Eliot in "Burnt
       | Norton") sometimes get called, by the Americans present, socially
       | irresponsible and doing nothing for POC.
        
         | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
         | Surely Marxism _is_ an abstraction from present-day political
         | struggles? Capitalism didn 't appear yesterday.
        
       | dnndev wrote:
       | My observation shows it has less to do with religion and more
       | with the large influence of the media (not just the news)
       | 
       | TV, radio, news, internet, personal voice - comments posts such
       | as hacker news.
       | 
       | People would have never connected before social media, tv, radio
       | to align in mass.
       | 
       | Religion has been more about social that faith for decades. Now
       | people have another option - internet and social media.
        
       | phekunde wrote:
       | Just curious to know, isn't religion also an ideology? Every
       | ideology at some point turns into religion!
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | I think this correlation is related to causation. I think there
       | are registers in people's minds that are simply occupied.
       | 
       | Addicts occupy their predisposition to addiction with a single or
       | ever changing way of neglecting their responsibilities and
       | relationships and health, based on simple earliest exposure.
       | 
       | Susceptible people occupy their predisposition to susceptibility
       | with religion or fervent ideology, the "choice" being simply the
       | earliest exposure.
       | 
       | Whichever one shows up first occupies that part of their mind. No
       | different than a simpler organism impressing who its mother and
       | caretaker is.
        
         | vitiral wrote:
         | Reducing the actions of people to objects or "simpler
         | organisms" is rarely a helpful concept. Often people are much
         | more complicated than our reductions of them.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | I should wrote "analogous" instead of "no different", as
           | analogies compare dissimilar things with common attributes,
           | and could provide the same introspective capabilities without
           | the easy ego based rebuttals
           | 
           | There aren't enough differences for me to entertain the idea
           | of backtracking though
        
         | Growling_owl wrote:
         | > I think there are registers in people's minds that are simply
         | occupied.
         | 
         | I think this is the case, anecdotally I noticed that if you are
         | a sports fan, then the "us versus them" rhetoric works much
         | less, or at least less than you'd expect in such people.
         | 
         | At least for domestic politics, that's because you already get
         | your dose of "us versus them" from some other domain in your
         | life.
         | 
         | Same for religion which is the main topic covered in the
         | article:
         | 
         | People who are religious are less likely to fall prey of cults.
         | 
         | Religious people are less likely to elevate "false prophets"
         | such as actors, musicians, rockstars and also the new
         | phenomenon represented by technoutopian cult leaders such as
         | Elon Musk or Elizabeth Holmes.
        
         | dclowd9901 wrote:
         | What a condescending and misanthropic view of people. So we're
         | just paramecia with "registers" waiting for occupation.
         | 
         | As with anything, I think the real answer is much more nuanced.
         | 
         | 1) This article is making the case that this behavior is
         | universal, when there is no evidence of that. As always has
         | been, there are subsects of any ideology that are ravenous in
         | their dogma. They are always the loudest and get the most
         | attention, because their actions are so extreme. It's selection
         | bias by the media, who (wouldn't you know it) are the same
         | folks making the assertion that political religiosity has
         | supplanted deified religiosity.
         | 
         | 2) If there's something resembling a "trend" happening around
         | peoples' emotional investment in politics, it's likely around
         | the fact that politics is increasingly prodding itself into
         | peoples' lives. At the very least, if I travel abroad, and we
         | have a president like Trump, I look like a fucking idiot. That
         | sucks. At the worst, I'm a woman or minority whose livelihood
         | is negatively affected constantly by political footballing.
         | 
         | This has nothing to do with an absence of god, but everything
         | to do with a real, quantifiable affect on peoples' lives. How
         | can you expect people, secular or not, to put up with the state
         | of social and political conversation as it exists today? If
         | they're staunch conservatives, how can they put up with a clear
         | wind blowing in the direction of socialism? If they're
         | democrats, how can they put up with a clearly obstructionist
         | and crooked counter party?
         | 
         | Reducing all of that to computer parlance and the most basic
         | biologies undermines the real problems that people are dealing
         | with.
        
           | mrfusion wrote:
           | I don't think anyone judges you because of who the president
           | is.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | Because they're "staunch conservatives" or "democrats", as
           | you wrote, because thats what they were exposed to first, not
           | because they had an array of choices set in front of them
           | with no external influence and said "that makes more sense"
           | 
           | The same goes with religion
           | 
           | The same goes with addicts
        
         | bdv5 wrote:
         | Starting conditions matter but all kinds of forces (and they
         | are ever changing) exist and act upon the chimp mind as it
         | moves through the jungle that is life. Where it ends up is
         | highly unpredictable.
         | 
         | So we get a chimp troupe like China were all the chimps appear
         | to have the same programming or like US where chimps magically
         | get polarized into exactly 2 camps on any issue or an Israel
         | which due to the unique challenges it faces ends up with a
         | knesset with more ideologies than anyone can keep track off.
         | 
         | Starting conditions are only one variable in a very complex
         | equation.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | 908087 wrote:
       | Most have just replaced or combined prior religion with a
       | combination of QAnon/MAGA, conspiracism, anti-vax nuttery,
       | nationalism, cryptocurrency / MLM schemes / Ponzi schemes /
       | reddit pump and dump operations, various other purported get-
       | rich-quick schemes, etc.
        
       | gogopuppygogo wrote:
       | Blaming the trend of declining religious faith in the American
       | people is as easy as blaming replacement migration.
       | 
       | How about we talk about declining standard of living, wealth
       | inequality, and rules that apply only to the working class while
       | the political/wealthy classes live their best lives.
       | 
       | The existing system is broken.
        
       | osrec wrote:
       | I think most belief systems, religious or otherwise, sort of boil
       | down to: "believe what you need to believe in order to get
       | through life with some sort of meaning". Otherwise things can get
       | a little too bleak in our heads...
        
       | sunstone wrote:
       | All humans have a belief system, it's part of what kept small
       | tribes of humans together for tens of thousands of years. If you
       | don't inherit one then you'll make one up for yourself.
        
       | alkonaut wrote:
       | I want to point out that this is incorrect:
       | 
       | > It's rare to hear someone accused of being un-Swedish or un-
       | British--but un-American is a common slur, slung by both left and
       | right against the other. Being called un-American is like being
       | called "un-Christian" or "un-Islamic," a charge akin to heresy.
       | 
       | In fact to _be unswedish_ is not just a common idiom it's a
       | positive one. It's when you don't show the typical negative
       | Swedishness. You aren't "accused" of it, you are congratulated.
       | 
       | "-I went to say hello to all the neighbors in my building. -What
       | a nice and unswedish thing to do!"
        
         | jeofken wrote:
         | To clarify the point, when other Swedes act a little
         | "unswedish" it may be cosmopolitan cool, but it is limited to
         | the national/ethnic in group. When Arabs, Somalians, or
         | Nigerians, or other foreign peoples act unswedish its expected,
         | and if loud, an annoyance
        
           | gradschoolfail wrote:
           | Ditto for "unamerican". To call a Russian immigrant
           | unamerican would get one mystified looks at best, probably.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | One political party in Australia tried to adopt this and
         | starting calling people "un-Australian".
         | 
         | The leader of the other party stood up and tore him to shreds,
         | saying that the magic of Australia is that it's a country of
         | immigrants and that by very definition, everyone there _is
         | Australian_. It 's perfectly fine to disagree about stuff and
         | have discussions, but we're all still Australian. Anyone who
         | says otherwise is trying to tear the country apart and should
         | never be given a microphone again.
         | 
         | The other guy has never tried that childish divisive tactic
         | again.
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | That's very unfortunate for the indigenous folks, being left
           | out if the country's definition
        
             | grecy wrote:
             | Well, yeah, the way Australia treats it's indigenous people
             | is absolutely disgraceful.
        
         | IncRnd wrote:
         | > It's rare to hear someone accused of being un-Swedish or un-
         | British--but un-American is a common slur, slung by both left
         | and right against the other. Being called un-American is like
         | being called "un-Christian" or "un-Islamic," a charge akin to
         | heresy.
         | 
         | People may be called un-American as a political weapon, but
         | that's about all it is. People in politics use all sorts of
         | childish phrases as weapons. In reality I've never been called
         | un-American or seen another person called un-American, unless
         | it was for humor.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | mmsimanga wrote:
         | As a black man I have been called unblack plenty times when my
         | views differed. It's a pretty effective slur that leads to one
         | keeping their opinion to themselves.
        
         | stubish wrote:
         | Unaustralian is reasonably common, used as a slur by both sides
         | of politics, the same as described in the article. Tends to be
         | called out with accusations of jingoism in the mud flinging
         | though, which might make it different.
        
         | bluthru wrote:
         | >In fact to be unswedish is not just a common idiom it's a
         | positive one. It's when you don't show the typical negative
         | Swedishness. You aren't "accused" of it, you are congratulated.
         | 
         | One wonders how a people reaches this level of demoralization.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 627467 wrote:
         | In my anecdotal experience, calling out "un-Nationality" seems
         | way more common in the New World than the Old World and I
         | wonder if this is still remnants of nation-building side
         | effects.
        
         | FpUser wrote:
         | Long time ago I was accused of being "un-Canadian(TM)" by
         | neighbor because I do not watch hockey. Actually I do not watch
         | sports at all but it did not matter to him. God knows what
         | would've happened had I admitted not pouring maple syrup on my
         | morning eggs and bacon.
        
           | geodel wrote:
           | Could you just get away by telling you are contributing your
           | share to strategic reserve[1] to stabilize price for all
           | Canadians. That would be very patriotic thing to do :-)
           | 
           | 1. https://www.vpr.org/post/inside-global-strategic-maple-
           | syrup...
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | As long as you try to starve your neighbor, get him sick,
           | then take his land, you'll be properly Canadian
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | > had I admitted not pouring maple syrup on my morning eggs
           | and bacon.
           | 
           | That sounds tasty. Can I be an honorary Canadian?
        
             | FpUser wrote:
             | Ewww ;) I hate mixing salt and sweets.
        
             | Igelau wrote:
             | Heads up: that's probably peameal back bacon and not the
             | pork belly bacon you're expecting.
        
               | FpUser wrote:
               | Sorry to disappoint. Just your regular pork belly bacon.
               | Old style thick slices.
               | 
               | Anyways being way older I am now more into BBQ and
               | veggies.
        
               | ryanbrunner wrote:
               | Belly bacon strips are far more popular than peameal in
               | Canada. Peameal for sure exists (unlike American
               | "Canadian Bacon"), but 90% of people still have bacon
               | that would be normal bacon to an American. If you go to a
               | Canadian diner and order "bacon" unqualified, you'll get
               | strips of belly bacon.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | The mandatory for immigration "life in the UK" test is
         | basically a Buzzfeed "how British are you" test made legally
         | binding.
         | 
         | Unbritishness definitely gets thrown around, especially these
         | days.
        
           | Brakenshire wrote:
           | That test is basically just memorising a leaflet of facts and
           | figures. It's not to be taken seriously one way or the other.
        
         | dstroot wrote:
         | As an American I find being accused of being unAmerican is
         | usually something I find humorous: 1) If you don't blow stuff
         | up on 4th of of July you are unAmerican! 2) If you can't eat
         | Hotdogs like Joey Chestnut you are unAmerican! 3) If you don't
         | own gun you are...
        
         | hilbertseries wrote:
         | Seems that British nationalism runs pretty deep too, no? How
         | else would you explain brexit?
        
           | skissane wrote:
           | Many would argue that Brexit was more about _English
           | nationalism_ than British nationalism.
           | 
           | What makes the UK very complex is the coexistence of two
           | layers of national identity - British layered over English,
           | Scottish, Welsh, (Northern) Irish. Which layer a person
           | identifies with is very often determined by their politics,
           | and sometimes also by religious/cultural background. (British
           | vs Irish identity in Northern Ireland tends to correspond
           | with Protestant vs Catholic religious background, albeit
           | there are exceptions to that generalisation.) At the same
           | time, given England is 85% of the population, the boundary
           | between "British nationalism" and "English nationalism" is
           | often quite vague. Its boundaries with Scottish nationalism,
           | Welsh nationalism, Irish nationalism, tend to be more clearly
           | cut.
        
             | Nursie wrote:
             | Over half of the Welsh population votes for Brexit. A third
             | of Scots did. Without those votes the UK would not have
             | left the EU.
             | 
             | The idea it is purely an English phenomenon is divisive and
             | pernicious.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > Over half of the Welsh population votes for Brexit
               | 
               | Many of the residents of Wales who voted for Brexit are
               | English: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-
               | news/2019/sep/22/english-peop...
               | 
               | The areas of Wales which identify the most strongly as
               | Welsh had the some of the lowest votes for Brexit.
        
               | Nursie wrote:
               | So we can cut it along perceived ethnic lines too?
               | 
               | This is just more pernicious divisiveness. Those areas
               | that are most Welsh also voted in significant numbers for
               | Brexit.
               | 
               | The people of the UK, in various proportions in various
               | places, voted to leave the EU. It may suck, but
               | pretending it's purely an English problem is delusion.
               | 
               | If you want someone to blame, blame the people that voted
               | for Brexit everywhere. This exoneration of particular
               | regions is bizarre. How can it be all about English
               | Nationalism when a third of Scots voted that way too?
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > How can it be all about English Nationalism when a
               | third of Scots voted that way too?
               | 
               | When did I ever say it was _all about_ English
               | nationalism? I think I only said that in your head.
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | Would it have better fit in with those layers if instead of
             | voting on the UK leaving the EU they had instead voted on
             | England leaving the UK?
        
               | ytwySXpMbS wrote:
               | I don't think England would ever leave the UK, as English
               | people view England as the main UK country. Also, the EU
               | has been blamed for decades as a scapegoat, whereas the
               | UK definitely hasn't.
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | British nationalism is built on building things up as British
           | not tearing things down as unBritish.
           | 
           | "'Cor tea and digestives on a rainy day, what could be more
           | british"
           | 
           | National identity precludes other nationalities, which is
           | largely the impetus for Brexit. Brits are not ever blamed for
           | being unBritish, even if they don't like football.
        
             | mattmanser wrote:
             | That's not true, we regularly judge people not doing things
             | the 'right' way, but we just don't use the term 'un-
             | British'. It's hard to explain, but there are code-phrases
             | that some use like 'its not the done thing', or 'they're
             | not our sort of people'.
             | 
             | Supporting football's not really 'British', and a fairly
             | modern phenomenon. In the 80s it was deemed uncouth and
             | heavily associated with hooliganism, but rehabilitated in
             | the 90s, and is already falling out of fashion again.
             | 
             | Football support is heavily wrapped up in the complicated
             | British classes, in the 90s/00s it was cool to pretend to
             | be working class when you were middle class, and supporting
             | football was a visible way of doing that.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | contradict wrote:
           | They did it to avoid being replaced by immigrants which isn't
           | specific to Britain - it's more like European nationalism.
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | > How else would you explain brexit?
           | 
           | The economy. I'm sure there's an undercurrent of xenophobia
           | and "little England"-ism which explains it, but it's not the
           | full picture. Probably the biggest factor is that
           | neoliberalism has been fucking working class people over
           | since Thatcher. It's (sadly) empirically demonstrated that
           | economic hardship pushes people to right-wing populism (see
           | the 1930s, and the 2010s).
           | 
           | Marx was right, history is moved by the material conditions
           | of people (not fully, but in large part).
        
       | FridayoLeary wrote:
       | >Immigrants to America tend to become American; emigrants to
       | other countries from America tend to stay American.
       | 
       | Is that true, or just the authors' speculation? Although it is
       | easily explained. Everyone wants to be American because the USA,
       | of all the countries in the world offers the greatest
       | opportunities to the greatest number of people. They are the top
       | of the food chain, in less nationalistic terms. (i'm not American
       | btw but i can see the truth).
        
         | underwater wrote:
         | The "truth" you see is the designed outcome of soft diplomacy
         | through the export of US culture via movies, television and the
         | internet.
         | 
         | I know lots of non-US folk who love the values and
         | opportunities they experience in America. But I also know lots
         | of others who don't.
         | 
         | I see my own country adopting more and more aspects from
         | America: individualism over community, the excessive
         | consumerism, the Starbuck-ification of every facet of our
         | lives, that I think are more harmful than beneficial.
        
           | FpUser wrote:
           | I am curious how being "individualists" had them end up with
           | something like Homeowners Associations. I am an individualist
           | myself to a relatively high degree and I do not understand
           | how something like that can be tolerated at all.
        
             | underwater wrote:
             | A HOA certainly doesn't seem to be about community.
             | Community would be about embracing differences and
             | respecting each person's right to live as they wish.
             | 
             | HOAs seems to be more about using bureaucracy to control
             | others and force them to do what the person with power
             | wants. There is a classic quote "There must be in-groups
             | whom the law protects but does not bind, alongside out-
             | groups whom the law binds but does not protect.
             | 
             | I think the dark side of individualism is that it can
             | create the mindset that other's success comes at your
             | expense, which pitches people and groups against each
             | other, and makes differences a threat and not a strength.
             | It also also discourages people from acknowledging their
             | own limitations, because if someone is smarter or better
             | than you then they will be more successful, and that means
             | you lose.
        
             | bjcy wrote:
             | My first inclination is that the individualism has turned
             | from (admittedly, rosy nostalgia follows here) a propensity
             | towards creative expression and unique identity amongst the
             | whole, into an assertion of control that serves my needs at
             | the expense of others. In my experience, while HOAs can be
             | well-intentioned, they provide easy opportunity for people
             | to build small kingdoms, and for most, being a king is
             | quite tempting.
        
         | jltsiren wrote:
         | Things may look a bit different from a (West) European
         | perspective. I know enough people who used to live in the US
         | but left, partly because they did not want to inflict US
         | citizenship upon their children. Among all wealthy countries,
         | US citizenship is probably the least desirable one if you don't
         | plan to live there permanently.
         | 
         | In any case, the expat/immigrant situation is familiar to many
         | Europeans as well. The real difference is that most European
         | countries are nation states, while the US is a land of
         | immigrants and their descendants. "American" is an adopted
         | identity. You become American if you have lived in the US long
         | enough and consider yourself American. In contrast, "German" is
         | an assigned identity. You are German if other Germans generally
         | see you as German. You cannot become fully integrated into a
         | nation state as long as other people pay attention to your
         | origins.
        
           | jeofken wrote:
           | Some Americans I know make a big difference between being a
           | settler nation, like those who came to where there was no
           | civilisation but hunters/gatherers, vs immigrants who move
           | into the blooming civilisation
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | That's like, the difference between one ship full of
             | Pilgrims and every subsequent ship, or between one wagon
             | train and every subsequent wagon train, or between the
             | people on the Mayflower and their kids (who showed up in a
             | society that already existed).
        
               | jeofken wrote:
               | You are correct in that this difference between settler
               | and immigrant is a gradient, but outside of programming
               | few things are simply yes/no
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | It's more than a gradient, it's like counting up ones to
               | make 1,000,000. Which one is showing up to a small number
               | and making it big, and which ones are showing up to a big
               | number and hanging around?
        
               | themolecularman wrote:
               | The people who draw the distinction generally don't like
               | the pilgrims settlers because of what they did when they
               | got here. In contrast to immigrants, who did not "settle"
               | anyone or any land. You can see a lot of this in today's
               | politics as well.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | The land is still being settled today; eg. Trump allowing
               | previously unsettled land to be destroyed for oil and gas
               | extraction
        
             | IggleSniggle wrote:
             | Ah, yes, the "Daughters of the American Revolution" types.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | somewhere that you claim is hunters/gatherers*
             | 
             | Just because the farming and ranching looks different,
             | doesn't make it not farming or ranching
        
           | kazen44 wrote:
           | this is a major factor to consider.
           | 
           | Also, the 20th century saw massive changes in where people
           | lived compared to "their country".
           | 
           | prior to world war 1, this was a far more mixed affair (see,
           | the austrian-hungarian empire and the greeks in anatolia).
        
         | antihipocrat wrote:
         | Does the USA really offer the greatest opportunities to the
         | greatest number of poor people as a share of the total
         | population, of all countries in the world? Why do so many
         | people from the USA believe this tripe without question?
         | 
         | It feels like the 'shining city on the hill' was extremely
         | effective propaganda, for the domestic population.
        
           | FpUser wrote:
           | I can see how during the last 30 years opportunities become
           | fewer and fewer in Canada. I assume it is probably the same
           | in the US. Well we have to feed ever increasing appetites of
           | 3-percenters or whatever the number is. On top of that there
           | are generally more and more people and less resources.
        
           | IncRnd wrote:
           | I am an American, and I have known a number of immigrants
           | over the years, one who won the lottery in order to come to
           | the US. They have mostly but not all been from Eastern bloc
           | countries.
           | 
           | Every single one of those people is grateful to have come
           | here, is amazed that the people born here do not take
           | advantage of their birthright of opportunities, and
           | absolutely does not think that talk about the greatest
           | opportunities is tripe or propaganda. They are also
           | dumbfounded at the problems that we create for ourselves as a
           | country. Yet, to a one, they all wish they could bring their
           | parents and families here.
        
             | antihipocrat wrote:
             | I have had similar sentiments expressed to me from
             | immigrants who have come to the country where I'm from
             | (Australia).
             | 
             | It's possible that the opportunities given to migrants
             | relocating to any highly developed nation are equivalent.
             | That is, not a phenomenon unique to the USA.
        
               | IncRnd wrote:
               | > It's possible that the opportunities given to migrants
               | relocating to any highly developed nation are equivalent.
               | 
               | That's an excellent point, and one I doubt even needs to
               | be answered to any degree of certainty. Everyone wants a
               | better life, and that can be had in many ways and places.
        
           | jandrewrogers wrote:
           | Anecdotally, it feels true. I, like many Americans, know an
           | enormous number of immigrants and poor people that moved into
           | the middle and upper-middle class through hard work and
           | discipline. There is still plenty of opportunity to do that
           | US if you apply yourself. Economic mobility is very high in
           | the US (which is distinct from social mobility).
           | 
           | When I've worked in Europe, it has always been evident that
           | this is much harder to achieve there for poor people and
           | immigrants. The entire social system is setup to limit the
           | ability of ambitious people to rise above whatever station
           | they were born into in a way that isn't really a thing in the
           | US. This contributes to why engineering wages are relatively
           | low in Europe.
        
             | zokula wrote:
             | > Economic mobility is very high in the US
             | 
             | Not so much. The U.S. is not even in the top 10 of
             | countries for Economic mobility.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | The US ranks very high in terms of absolute mobility.
               | Measures of _relative_ mobility are only comparable
               | between countries if they have similar wage compression
               | curves, which is also partially a function of country
               | size. US wages are much less compressed than in Europe --
               | see also: engineering wages -- so they aren 't
               | meaningfully comparable in relative terms.
               | 
               | Given two countries with the same median wage (PPP), a
               | 20k increase in income in one country may be relatively
               | "economically mobile" and a 40k increase in income in the
               | other is not, even though the income increase is much
               | larger in real terms. When average people talk about
               | economic mobility, they mean the second case; using
               | relative mobility is misleading.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | IggleSniggle wrote:
             | "Cutting down the tall poppy"
        
         | spdy wrote:
         | One reason they dont give up citizenship is that you are
         | "declared" death and the IRS will come an collect there share.
         | It can become quite expensiv for expats.
        
         | bwb wrote:
         | That isn't true if you mean in terms of achieving the classic
         | American dream... Canada, Germany, the Netherlands and others
         | are moving more people out of lower/middle class to
         | middle/upper class as a percentage. I do not know in terms of
         | raw numbers but via % we are behind.
        
           | 13415 wrote:
           | I believe people who move to the US also like the comparably
           | low bureaucracy, as well as opportunities in some sectors.
           | Personally, I've lost my interest in moving to the US (or
           | even visiting it) a long time ago, around the time of Bush
           | Jr. for various reasons, but I'm still convinced that
           | founding a successful company with low starting capital is
           | easier in the US than almost anywhere else. The same is true
           | for acting, music, show business and all the support like
           | film cutting, audio engineering, special effects, etc.
           | Despite the increased competition, your career prospects in
           | these areas will probably be much higher if you move to L.A.
           | or NY than if you stay somewhere else in the world.
        
           | version_five wrote:
           | The "classic american dream" I believe involves being able to
           | move up through hard work. At least in Canada, if we are
           | moving people up class-wise it's by the government
           | subsidizing them more than it is by rewarding hard work. So I
           | believe the GPs point still stands.
        
             | bwb wrote:
             | That is not true based on the data.
             | 
             | Everyone in the world tries to move up through hard work,
             | connections, and whatever advantages they are able to
             | press.
             | 
             | "Recent studies suggest that there is less economic
             | mobility in the United States than has long been presumed.
             | The last thirty years has seen a considerable drop-off in
             | median household income growth compared to earlier
             | generations. And, by some measurements, we are actually a
             | less mobile society than many other nations, including
             | Canada, France, Germany and most Scandinavian countries.
             | This challenges the notion of America as the land of
             | opportunity"
             | 
             | https://www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/wwwp
             | e...
        
           | fatsdomino001 wrote:
           | Canada is about to revert to the mean in a very hard way
           | though, so I wouldn't count on that statistic too much.
        
             | willhslade wrote:
             | Care to elaborate?
        
             | version_five wrote:
             | I'm also curious to have more details. I'm Canadian and
             | historically have been a big proponent of our country, to
             | the point of smugness. But I'm currently very bearish on
             | our future and curious to hear what others are thinking.
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | The continued closure of our shared land border doesn't
               | indicate to me that you guys are headed in the direction
               | of reason.
        
               | BlueTankEngine wrote:
               | I would be very interested in hearing more about what
               | changed your outlook.
        
           | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
           | If you move to the USA from the developing world or even
           | Eastern Europe, regardless of what job you do your salary
           | immediately soars above whatever you made in your country of
           | origin. Taxation on many consumer goods is also likely to be
           | lower. (For example, electronics can be expensive elsewhere
           | due to high import duties or VAT.) Of course, cost of living
           | in the USA is also much higher, but nevertheless lots of
           | immigrants feel that they have moved up in life just because
           | of the higher wages and consumeristic lifestyle now available
           | to them.
        
             | RGamma wrote:
             | At this point I think the EU should just set aside a nice
             | space somewhere and make it a raw capitalist, no taxes, no
             | regulations, no safety net zone.
             | 
             | "Talent" seems to like that environment.
        
               | bwb wrote:
               | That would be terrible for anyone living there, as would
               | the environment, and the environment of every country
               | around that country, etc.
               | 
               | Regulation = Civilization, Taxes = Civilization, Safety
               | Net = Civilization
               | 
               | Now that doesn't mean you want a regulatory nightmare,
               | the USA has real problems with license monopolies and
               | city regs in some areas, but you also don't want
               | unrestricted capitalism like the USA has that destroys
               | people, society, and the common environment. Europe has a
               | lot of work to do as well but at least they grasp this
               | fundamental concept. The middle ground between these two
               | is always hard to nail perfectly.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | akarma wrote:
           | America is certainly the country with the most opportunity
           | for the most people.
           | 
           | A shift that _has_ occurred from the 1950s to present is that
           | there is less of a guarantee of an upper-middle-class
           | lifestyle through a moderate [1] amount of effort.
           | 
           | That easier opportunity, however, was unique to the era.
           | Prior to 1930, immigrants knew that America was a place for
           | exceptionally hard work and tons of opportunity and freedom -
           | that was the American dream. Not high taxation and
           | government-funded class movement from lower-middle to upper-
           | middle.
           | 
           | [1] 40 hours a week, one full-time job for an established
           | corporate company supporting a family
        
             | nielsbot wrote:
             | Wasn't taxation very high during the period describe, and
             | declining gradually since then?
             | 
             | I also thought home ownership was one of the main
             | generators of wealth for families, and wasn't that
             | government assisted in some way?
             | 
             | (Not a historian)
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | No, taxation was not very high. Some tax _rates_ were
               | very high but they had an extensive range of deductions
               | that don 't exist today. The _effective_ tax rates, what
               | people actually paid as a percentage of gross income,
               | were similar to today.
               | 
               | They lowered tax rates simultaneous with eliminating
               | deductions, making the changes over time roughly neutral
               | in terms of taxes paid.
        
             | somewhereoutth wrote:
             | You all work so hard for almost nothing (apart from
             | 'stuff', that is now mostly made in China).
             | 
             | In Europe people have a much more relaxed attitude to work,
             | yet somehow pretty much everyone has a very high quality of
             | life - judged by quality of food, things working properly
             | (e.g. washing machines and public restroom doors!), freedom
             | from fear (e.g. of losing their job, getting ill, or
             | interactions with the 'police'), and time to spend with
             | people important to you.
        
               | bluejellybean wrote:
               | Having grown up in (very) poor rural America (~3k
               | population), gone to work/live in an urban area (close to
               | 3 million metro population), and now live in an
               | extraordinarily affluent but smallish (100k) midwest
               | city, I really don't agree with your view of the US in
               | the slightest.
               | 
               | [edit] I originally wanted to make the point that one of
               | the things we buy is increased quality of life. Wrote the
               | comment up and completely forgot to throw that in.
               | 
               | >You all work so hard for almost nothing (apart from
               | 'stuff', that is now mostly made in China).
               | 
               | The hours of output from an individual varies greatly,
               | from almost none to 120 hour work weeks (literally, I
               | have seen the pay stubs). In addition, not all work is
               | the same, and there are a _lot_ of cushy office jobs in
               | which people may claim 40 hour weeks, have probably half
               | of that is what one would call 'work.' You also imply
               | that having a lot of things is somehow negative and that
               | it's just 'stuff'. We buy plenty of stuff for plenty of
               | reasons, which includes recreation and entertainment.
               | 
               | To further iterate on the point that it's not just
               | 'stuff', there are a plethora of festivals, museums,
               | theaters, outdoor spaces, theme parks, malls, and
               | community gatherings. There is far more stuff to do than
               | there is time in the day to do it here. I should also
               | note, a lot of which is either completely free or at
               | least pretty inexpensive.
               | 
               | To push the point home, it's also almost trivial to fly
               | over to Europe. It's relatively normal among the middle
               | class to take trips overseas. Airline tickets are not
               | _that_ expensive after all.
               | 
               | >In Europe people have a much more relaxed attitude to
               | work, yet somehow pretty much everyone has a very high
               | quality of life
               | 
               | This is very true for many in America as well; a great
               | deal many of the people I grew up with are still in
               | poverty or working menial jobs... but they also are out
               | boating every weekend in the summers, skiing in the
               | winters, watching sports on huge flat screens. They may
               | be cash-poor but are still reasonably rich in
               | experiences. This is a tricky thing to measure from the
               | economic lens alone.
               | 
               | > judged by quality of food
               | 
               | The food I've had in the US has ranged from Michelin star
               | to Mac Donald's, both are fabulous, though one is more
               | snobby. Perhaps in deeply rural areas with low
               | populations, the food is more of the fast-food variety.
               | Still, in most mid to large cities, the food has been
               | consistently excellent across both price and quality
               | offered.
               | 
               | > judged by things working properly (e.g. washing
               | machines and public restroom doors!)
               | 
               | I don't think you could back this up by any data, and if
               | I were to guess, this is based on some poor luck you had
               | while visiting. Across the various places I've been, it's
               | pretty unheard of not to have access to washers or dryers
               | due to malfunction. Most areas have at least a couple of
               | competing laundromats, and it costs no more than a couple
               | of dollars to access them. Breakdowns happen to all
               | equipment over time, and thankfully quality can be
               | purchased if desired. If many still choose the initial
               | price tag over that, so be it. Servicing a machine is
               | cheap and easy, as is replacing one outright.
               | 
               | As for public restroom doors, I don't understand this at
               | all as it hasn't been my experience in the slightest.
               | Even in poor urban areas, doors work fine. I can assure
               | you, the VAST majority of doors here work just fine!
               | 
               | > freedom from fear (e.g. of losing their job, getting
               | ill, or interactions with the 'police'),
               | 
               | This entirely an individual thing; losing one's job isn't
               | exactly the end of the world here either. Opportunity is
               | all over the place. Maybe aside from suicidal people,
               | everyone on earth fears getting ill. And maybe aside from
               | high health care costs, assuming I didn't choose to pay
               | for extra insurance, I'd still rather be 'poor' and
               | uninsured here than most places in the world. It's not
               | 'free' like many other countries, but if you're poor,
               | you're typically not paying for procedures either. As for
               | the police, is there a country where someone doesn't fear
               | the police on some level? Is there any country that
               | doesn't give them the right to put you in a jail cell?
               | The statistics of unjustified police violence point to it
               | being exceedingly rare, so much that when there is a case
               | that it does happen, the people and media take to the
               | streets, and every detail of the matter is covered
               | nationally.
               | 
               | > and time to spend with people important to you.
               | 
               | All choices people make, nothing prevents someone in this
               | country from spending more time with family. People who
               | work insane hours wanting to provide more for themselves
               | are making the decision to do so.
               | 
               | The United States is a _massive_ country, and I caution
               | against painting it with such a broad brush. I'm not
               | saying there are no issues, there are, but the ones you
               | point out seem wrong to me. There are massive lifestyle
               | differences here, and I don't see that as a particularly
               | bad thing. If the people back in my hometown, for
               | example, want to spend their days boating instead of
               | working some stressful job, all the more power to them.
               | If someone wants to burn the candle at both ends to
               | acquire a boatload of money instead, that's great too. I
               | suspect there is a far more significant amount of
               | opportunity to both here than in Europe based on the data
               | I've researched in the past.
        
           | rejectedandsad wrote:
           | Yet people in most of Western Europe (discounting Switzerland
           | and Luxembourg and maybe Norway) are objectively poorer than
           | even the poorest American states.
        
             | bwb wrote:
             | "Yet people in most of Western Europe (discounting
             | Switzerland and Luxembourg and maybe Norway) are
             | objectively poorer than even the poorest American states. "
             | 
             | This is utter nonsense, how are you getting that?
             | 
             | Imagine that I offered you two deals:
             | 
             | 1. You make $45k a year, but all your costs are 50% of the
             | base rate. Plus health care is included that covers
             | everything with no expenses, childcare is included, and
             | college education is included.
             | 
             | 2. You make $60k a year, but all your costs are 200% of the
             | base rate. Health care isn't covered and covers nothing
             | when you really get sick, childcare is $1500 a month per
             | kid, and college is going to cost you half a million
             | dollars.
             | 
             | Holistically Western Europe as a whole is doing way better
             | for it's people.
             | 
             | "Recent studies suggest that there is less economic
             | mobility in the United States than has long been presumed.
             | The last thirty years has seen a considerable drop-off in
             | median household income growth compared to earlier
             | generations. And, by some measurements, we are actually a
             | less mobile society than many other nations, including
             | Canada, France, Germany and most Scandinavian countries.
             | This challenges the notion of America as the land of
             | opportunity"
             | 
             | https://www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/wwwp
             | e...
        
             | rsj_hn wrote:
             | GDP per capita is lower, but household wealth is higher and
             | when you add in all the benefits received (e.g. healthcare,
             | pensions) you would get a pretty big difference between
             | median household wealth in most of Western Europe and
             | median HH wealth in the U.S., with western europe holding
             | the advantage.
             | 
             | Comparing Europe and the U.S. is a complex business, and I
             | find myself offending cheerleaders on both sides.
        
             | RGamma wrote:
             | Why is quality of life measured on consumption crap so
             | heavily? Personally idgaf about useless doodads that waste
             | resources and space in my home (or mind).
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | There are perhaps other metrics to go for, other than
             | 'just' monetary:
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Happiness_Report#2020
             | _re...
             | 
             | Some other countries may have chosen to trade some personal
             | income/wealth for other things.
             | 
             | Further, while there may be more money in general in the
             | US, using averages skews things a bit due to inequality;
             | social mobility is lower in the US than many other
             | countries:
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Gatsby_curve
             | 
             | If you're not already at/near the top in the US, good luck
             | getting there.
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | Yeah, but that's because USA basically swims in cash
             | because since world uses dollar as core currency for the
             | global economy USA has to print more dollars to match the
             | growth of global economy to avoid deflation. And once it
             | prints dollars it does with them what it pleases. Mainly
             | buys ton of stuff from the world, but still keeps enough to
             | maintain status of wealthy country.
             | 
             | It's no wonder people can get more cash it the country that
             | basically prints it for the whole world.
             | 
             | Once the global economy start shrinking or the world moves
             | to yuan or euro USA will descend to level of Eastern
             | European country in a generation or two tops.
        
               | joshuaissac wrote:
               | If there is a global switch to the euro or the yuan,
               | American imports could become more competitive, leading
               | to increased economic activity in the US. Dollar or not,
               | the United States still has substantial industrial
               | capability.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | Didn't US economy mostly switch to services?
        
               | joshuaissac wrote:
               | Services account for more than three quarters of the US
               | economy, but its manufacturing sector, which still
               | accounts for more than a tenth of its economy, is second
               | only to that of China.
               | 
               | https://www.statista.com/chart/20858/top-10-countries-by-
               | sha...
        
             | ardit33 wrote:
             | Yes. when I lived in Sweden, I noticed that Swedes in
             | general have less stuff. Smaller housing, fewer cars, less
             | ability to buy stuff, and even go out. The average engineer
             | salary was almost half (about 60%) of those in NYC and SF,
             | while prices coffee/going out in Stockholm were almost the
             | same as in NYC. Rent prices were lower though.
             | 
             | But, their quality of life seemed higher overall. Less
             | stressful in general, more vacations and time off, more
             | thoughtful planing of their cities, etc.
             | 
             | So, it seems like a tradeoff. If you are a blue collar or
             | unskilled worker, Sweden would have been better, while
             | you'd struggle in the US. But if you are a skilled worker
             | (even blue collar, like plumber or electrician), you'd do
             | better in the US.
             | 
             | I'd rather be a barista in Sweden than in the US, but I'd
             | rather be an engineer in the US than in Sweden.
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | Also, social control is quite a bit stricter in a lot of
               | (especially northern) european countries compared to the
               | US.
               | 
               | Showing one's wealth is in bad taste, and bragging about
               | status is considering being an outlier. This is slowly
               | changing (since about the 80's) but prior to that,
               | showing off your middle class wealth as a status
               | indicator was frowned upon in certain circles. especially
               | considering the hardship most people endured during and
               | after ww2.
        
               | bwb wrote:
               | That gets down to culture.
               | 
               | I was raised in the USA and I was raised that showing
               | one's wealth is in bad taste. In fact I think most of the
               | midwest feels similar. I still do. The point of money
               | isn't to show it off, it is to put it to good use.
        
               | sometimesshit wrote:
               | Ardit,
               | 
               | You need to measure purchasing power using PPP rate, but
               | even still NY and SF known to be expensive areas with
               | high tax rates.
               | 
               | SF engineer could earn 200k year but this money could be
               | much low as 80k in another state if you compare
               | purchasing power.
               | 
               | It's complex. The Americans can always buy a car but
               | never foods. This become a meme in my home country.
               | 
               | There are always trade offs.
        
               | SubuSS wrote:
               | But are the trade offs equivalent?
               | 
               | There is a reason folks flock more to SF rather than to
               | nowhere state. If you save 10%, it is still 20k saved
               | compared to 8k. If you lose your job, there are 10
               | choices compared to one (or none), access to cutting edge
               | of tech rather than reading about it on hacker news and
               | so on.
        
               | sometimesshit wrote:
               | > access to cutting edge of tech
               | 
               | Any examples?
               | 
               | I have not seen any cutting edge tech for while.
        
               | kec wrote:
               | The swing from most to least expensive state is about
               | 25%, not 75%. There's a disparity between say California
               | and Arkansas but it's not _that_ high.
        
               | 13415 wrote:
               | I think there are two major factors to life quality that
               | many American cities somehow missed or never really cared
               | about enough, being able to stroll through cities by foot
               | and decent work conditions (mostly reasonable work and
               | commute times & holidays).
               | 
               | A friend of mine moved to L.A. in the early 2000s, he's
               | still there, married to an American, but he burned out in
               | his job there very quickly. No wonder, they were living
               | in a small apartment with a baby in downtown L.A. and he
               | had to commute for 3 hours daily. He got back at 10 to 11
               | PM and got up at 6 AM to get to work again - every
               | workday, with almost no holiday. That's insane by
               | European standards.
        
               | SubuSS wrote:
               | The other catch I see is how 'life changing' your job as
               | an engineer can be in us vs rest of the world. US
               | definitely is the better bet for the young and risk
               | taking.
               | 
               | You can always go back and settled wherever you want
               | after making a ton of cash in the US (assuming it works
               | out), reverse isn't true as much.
        
               | bwb wrote:
               | It is easy to confuse a large splashy salary with what a
               | real "life changing" job is for the majority of people. A
               | salary that pays for a good life, real health care that
               | actually covers you when you get sick, a real safety net
               | that gets you back on your feet if something goes wrong,
               | an environment run by the rule of law, an environment
               | that isn't polluted, and a country that is building a
               | real future for ALL the people and not just engineers.
               | 
               | Would you want your kids to grow up in the USA?
               | 
               | That is usually a good question to ask, as it shows if we
               | are succeeding as a country. I think the USA is great if
               | you are in the ~10% of the population who want to make
               | loads of money, work 80 hours, and are in
               | tech/lawyer/doctor. Everyone else is stuck in the same
               | cultural mentality IMO, it's like living in a persistent
               | guerilla war that you don't want to be fighting in.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | > If you are a blue collar or unskilled worker, Sweden
               | would have been better,
               | 
               | The problem here is that for the Swedes to enjoy their
               | social benefits, they cannot afford to have too many low
               | skilled workers. The swedish economy is a high skilled
               | economy, perhaps the highest skilled in the world. There
               | are very few low-skill jobs, _unlike_ the US which has an
               | army of low skilled workers filling low skilled jobs.
               | This is why the U.S. is able to absorb so many low
               | skilled migrants whereas Sweden is having enormous
               | problems finding jobs for their low skilled migrants. So
               | while sure, you are better off being a low skilled worker
               | in Sweden just as you are better off being a high skilled
               | worker in the U.S., but that 's because these two
               | economies are structured very differently.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | > The swedish economy is a high skilled economy, perhaps
               | the highest skilled in the world. There are very few low-
               | skill jobs, unlike the US which has an army of low
               | skilled workers filling low skilled jobs. This is why the
               | U.S. is able to absorb so many low skilled migrants
               | whereas Sweden is having enormous problems finding jobs
               | for their low skilled migrants.
               | 
               | How is that not backwards?
               | 
               | If you have 'an army of low skilled workers' then there's
               | no room 'to absorb so many low skilled migrants', surely?
               | 
               | If you have 'a high-skilled economy' then surely you are
               | 'having enormous problems' _filling_ your low-skilled
               | jobs, and welcome migrants?
               | 
               | Indeed, isn't Sweden famously highly accepting of
               | migrants and in particular refugees? Presumably skewed
               | low-skilled if at all?
               | 
               | (Neither Swedish nor American, so not pushing an agenda,
               | just commenting. :))
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | > If you have 'an army of low skilled workers' then
               | there's no room 'to absorb so many low skilled migrants',
               | surely?
               | 
               | Why? The world doesn't work by laws of semantic symmetry.
               | The Swedish economy is structured on automation, on lack
               | of personal service roles, and on skilled industry.
               | Swedish furniture manufacturers use robots and those on
               | the shop floor that remain are required to have skills to
               | operate those robots. Neither will you will find a huge
               | pool of labor cutting people's lawns or being nannies or
               | replacing roofs because there aren't many lawns to cut,
               | roofs are made to last longer and be less labor
               | intensive, and personal service is stygmatized. It's like
               | Holland, which is the breadbasket of Europe but is a
               | pioneer in agricultural automation and does not rely on
               | large amounts of cheap migrant labor, whereas the US
               | agricultural sector does. Even for something like
               | restaurants, Swedish culture makes much less use of them
               | -- e.g. San Francisco has 500 restaurants per 100K, But
               | once you transition to a high skilled economy it becomes
               | much harder to absorb low skilled workers.
               | 
               | Here, things like labor policies play a role. A high
               | minimum wage, generous benefits and travel may pencil out
               | for a high skilled worker that is willing to be paid 1/2
               | what they could get in the U.S., but they don't pencil
               | out for a low skilled worker unless the low skilled
               | worker's wages are high enough so that the various costs
               | pencil out, which means there can't be too many of them
               | as the services they provide will be more expensive means
               | and thus have smaller utilization. That is why people
               | complain about things like taxis, restaurant meals, bus
               | trips, etc., costing a lot in Sweden, which is why
               | Stockholm has 1/10 as many restaurants per 100K compared
               | to Tokyo and 1/5 as many compared to San Francisco. Those
               | high wages basically require a more capital intensive
               | production processes and don't leave a lot of room for
               | low skilled jobs.
               | 
               | Btw, that is one of the arguments _for_ high minimum
               | wages and generous benefits. The idea is that it will
               | force firms to invest in more capital so that labor
               | becomes more productive. That 's the phenomena of
               | McDonald's creating robot tellers and getting rid of
               | workers. That's the process by which the revenue
               | generated per worker is high enough to justify generous
               | benefits. And the question with that approach is always
               | can the economy transition to a high skilled economy or
               | will there be a permanent underclass of unemployable low
               | skilled workers. And Sweden has done a decent job of
               | making this transition, although there is always a
               | problem with high unemployment, it hasn't been the fiasco
               | predicted, as most of the labor force has transitioned to
               | high skilled work. But then that creates a problem when
               | you dump a lot of low skilled workers on the economy --
               | they find themselves in the permanent unemployed class.
               | 
               | The U.S., on the other hand, has lower costs of employing
               | labor and thus is able to absorb low skilled labor but
               | the flip side is you do not have the same pressures
               | towards automation and capital investment, so the US
               | economy overall is much more mixed. It's not a high tech
               | economy, it has a lot of low skilled jobs as well, and
               | those low skilled jobs don't enjoy the same level of
               | benefits.
               | 
               | It's a tough call which approach is "better". Culturally,
               | the US will never become Sweden, but there are pros and
               | cons of each approach.
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | dutch farming (especially kasbouw/greenhouses) are
               | absolutely crazy. in 2019, they exported roughly 95
               | billion euro's. And they are the second exporter
               | globally. Mind you the country is absolutely tiny in
               | comparison to the number one exporter (the USA).
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2020/01/17/dutch-
               | agric...
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | Yes, it's really a miracle of what you can accomplish
               | with intelligence and capital investment. Very high wages
               | even for agricultural workers, a small labor pool, and
               | massive yields.
        
               | kharak wrote:
               | Thanks! That lead me down the rabbit hole.
               | 
               | Here is an interesting article with some pictures,
               | demonstrating what Dutch high-tech farming looks like: ht
               | tps://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/holland
               | -...
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | It's harder to move to Canada though.
        
         | yongjik wrote:
         | While the sentiment may be true for Americans living in
         | America, if an American decides to emigrate to a different
         | country then they obviously think living in this new country is
         | better for them - unless they move back later, I don't think
         | emigrating Americans remain "American" for long, certainly not
         | after a generation or two.
        
         | f38zf5vdt wrote:
         | From the 1880s to 2000 this may have been the case, but I don't
         | think it is anymore. Any country with public health insurance
         | that is decent is more attractive than the US. People are not
         | blind, they see Americans dying of diabetes because they can't
         | afford insulin that they attempted to crowdfund. [1]
         | 
         | The US has evolved into a modern dystopia under the first-past-
         | the-post system and cloture in the senate. I think the election
         | of Donald Trump was the signal to the rest of the world that
         | America's democracy may not even be a democracy. Republicans
         | are currently digging themselves in to remove as much democracy
         | from the American political system as possible. [2] I'm not
         | sure where the country will end up.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/shane-patrick-boyle-
         | died-a...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/archive/2021/06/the-...
        
           | newfriend wrote:
           | > The US has evolved into a modern dystopia
           | 
           | > America's democracy may not even be a democracy
           | 
           | > Republicans are currently digging themselves in to remove
           | as much democracy
           | 
           | Here's the ideological intensity that the article mentioned.
           | This is delusional.
           | 
           | The smartest, most driven people still come to the US to
           | start businesses and seek fortune, because it's the best
           | place in the world to do so.
        
             | f38zf5vdt wrote:
             | I'm not from the US, so I suppose I don't know. One of my
             | uncles immigrated there and works in a VA hospital. The
             | stories he tells me, of people dying of ailments that are
             | common in the third world, seems to suggest otherwise.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | Everything f38zf5vdt said and that you've quoted here can
             | be true (at least subjectively) while your own reply is
             | also true. You're not actually addressing or contradicting
             | their arguments, such as they are, just declaring them
             | categorically invalid because "capitalism."
        
             | bdv5 wrote:
             | In other words the opportunists come to the US. The most
             | selfish and greedy. The results speak for themselves.
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | > _The smartest, most driven people still come to the US to
             | start businesses and seek fortune, because it 's the best
             | place in the world to do so._
             | 
             | Rates of entrepreneurship are higher in Scandinavian
             | countries[1].
             | 
             | It's also easier to start your own business in such
             | countries because you don't already have to be wealthy
             | enough to afford spending $36k in premiums alone each year
             | for your family's health insurance on the individual
             | market.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.oecd.org/sdd/business-
             | stats/EAG-2018-Highlights....
        
             | zokula wrote:
             | > The smartest, most driven people still come to the US to
             | start businesses and seek fortune, because it's the best
             | place in the world to do so.
             | 
             | Keep believing that myth.
        
               | BlueTankEngine wrote:
               | If a highly-skilled individual wants to amass the most
               | monetary wealth possible, which geographies do you think
               | would be better than the USA and why?
        
           | icelancer wrote:
           | >> Any country with public health insurance that is decent is
           | more attractive than the US.
           | 
           | Depending on what you want to do with your life, this is
           | mostly true. But immigration laws to countries with these
           | kinds of welfare structures tend to be much tighter than ones
           | without for reasons that are obvious.
        
           | fallingfrog wrote:
           | We never had a true working class party or the same kind of
           | safety net as they have in Europe, because all the class
           | divisions could be papered over with free stuff and money-
           | first, a whole continents worth of free land, and then when
           | all Europe was destroyed, a 60 year burst of huge profits. So
           | you know, it's material conditions in the end. Matt Christman
           | and Sean KB did an excellent podcast on this called History
           | is a Weapon: Q is You.
        
         | skissane wrote:
         | > emigrants to other countries from America tend to stay
         | American
         | 
         | I don't think that's true of Australia. American Australians
         | tend to assimilate pretty well, and after a while people tend
         | to mostly forget they were Americans originally, even if they
         | still have a bit of an accent. The Australian politician
         | Kristina Keneally is an example. She was born in Nevada, grew
         | up in Ohio, didn't move to Australia until her 20s. But I don't
         | think anyone really thinks of her as "an American". She's an
         | Australian politician. You might like her politics or you might
         | dislike them, but nobody really cares about where she was born
         | and grew up. She's one of us now.
         | 
         | The Australian media has even taken to (at times) calling
         | Virginia Roberts Giuffre (the most notable public victim of
         | Jeffrey Epstein) "an Australian", without qualification. (She
         | married an Australian man, had kids with him, now they live
         | here.) Whereas the American media just calls her an American.
         | 
         | The Australian media always wanted to view Mel Gibson as an
         | Australian, even when he said that he himself identified as an
         | American rather than as an Australian. (I think they are less
         | keen on that now that he has made himself a bit of a _persona
         | non grata_ through his behaviour. America, you can have him.)
        
           | randompwd wrote:
           | Just googled Kristina Keneally. You're living out very
           | relevant info.
           | 
           | Born to and raised by Australian mother. Then married
           | Australian man before moving to Australia.
           | 
           | I think the blood and subsequent marriage connection helped
           | immensely in how she is viewed. I think that would be the
           | same for most other Euro nations. At least one parent of the
           | land along with partner from the land and residing in the
           | land for 30+ years.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > Born to and raised by Australian mother
             | 
             | I really don't think most people care about the fact she
             | has an Australian mother. In fact, I myself had forgotten
             | that fact. If she hadn't, I don't think it would really
             | make a difference to how she is viewed in Australia. (My
             | mother was born in Scotland but calling myself "Scottish"
             | feels weird, like the real Scots are going to call me out
             | for being a fake one.)
             | 
             | Virginia Roberts Giuffre has been called an "Australian" by
             | the Australian media (e.g. [0]) even though as far as I am
             | aware she has no Australian ancestry. She is also married
             | to an Australian man but I think you are putting more
             | emphasis on that fact than what counts. Most Australians,
             | if they think of her as an Australian, it is because she
             | has adopted this country as her homeland through
             | immigration, not because she married an Australian. If she
             | married an Australian but stayed in the US, nobody would
             | think of her as Australian. If she had moved here as a
             | single person, or with a non-Australian husband, people
             | probably still would.
             | 
             | In somewhat of the reverse, the British politician Patricia
             | Hewitt was born in Australia and grew up here, but I'd
             | probably think of her as British first and Australian very
             | much second. The country in which she has lived the bulk of
             | her adult life, and in which she has had her political
             | career, is more significant in identifying her than where
             | she was born and raised.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.watoday.com.au/national/western-
             | australia/virgin...
        
           | Clewza313 wrote:
           | Australia, like the US, is an immigrant nation, you can move
           | there from anywhere and be considered an Australian within a
           | generation.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | In which case the real difference here is not where one is
             | immigrating from (America or elsewhere), but rather where
             | one is immigrating to: an immigrant-dominated society like
             | Australia, Canada, New Zealand, US, maybe Argentina too; or
             | one dominated by people whose ancestors have lived there
             | for countless centuries, such as most European, Middle
             | Eastern, African or Asian countries.
             | 
             | The original quote we were discussing, "Immigrants to
             | America tend to become American; emigrants to other
             | countries from America tend to stay American" is mistaken
             | because it is viewing it primarily in terms of
             | Americanness, instead of the nature of the society
             | receiving the immigrant
        
               | Clewza313 wrote:
               | There aren't all that many immigrant nations like the US
               | though. Canada, Australia, New Zealand, that's pretty
               | much it? Maybe Singapore or the UK at a stretch.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | I agree there aren't many. It still is myopic to view
               | this as something specific to America, as opposed to a
               | generic quality possessed by all immigrant-dominated
               | societies, and the fact that there are only a few such
               | societies doesn't change that. Many (obviously not all)
               | American authors do tend to view it in that myopic US-
               | centric way. America is never as exceptional as some
               | Americans think.
        
               | scythe wrote:
               | Most of the Caribbean (save Cuba/DR?), Taiwan, Mauritius,
               | Seychelles, Maldives, Argentina, Chile, maybe
               | Uruguay/Costa Rica/Panama. Singapore doesn't seem like a
               | stretch. The UK doesn't really count. Granted, most of
               | these are pretty small.
        
       | vitiral wrote:
       | I feel that many issues are not only a confusion of values, but a
       | confusion of what values even _are_. There is some cookie cutter
       | bullshit about what is "good" or "bad" and this is used to paint
       | a broad and incoherent picture which breaks down the structures
       | it is painted on. Like confusing ageism with public policy of how
       | to handle disease. Or being idealistic to avoide concern over
       | secondary consequences. You can be called a lot of names by
       | trying to point out secondary consequences which harm certain
       | woke policy choices. When did someone decide there were clear
       | answers to challenging issues and cut off further debate?
        
       | yoshamano wrote:
       | The Christian Science Monitor also ran a similar article last
       | month that I feel is worth a read.
       | 
       | https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2021/0512/Is-politics...
       | 
       | Rather than try to drive any particular point this is more of a
       | discussion piece about this moment in time.
        
       | pmoriarty wrote:
       | We may be on the cusp of a great religious revival, due to the
       | increased acceptance and eventual mainstreaming of psychedelics.
       | 
       | People often interpret their psychedelic experiences in religious
       | terms, and psychedelic use has often created new religions and
       | helped to engender an authentic reconnection to existing
       | religions.
       | 
       | Mainstream religions rarely offer much more than platitudes or a
       | place to socialize for the majority of their adherents, of whom
       | many are part of the religion simply because their parents were,
       | or because the church is the social center of their town.
       | 
       | They don't have an authentic connection to the teachings, many
       | don't even read their sacred scriptures, rely on priests to tell
       | them what to believe, and usually neither they nor their priests
       | ever had a mystical experience.
       | 
       | Then psychedelics come in to the picture, and suddenly they may
       | have a renewed sense of the sacred, religious texts and spaces
       | come alive, and they may even come face to face with what they
       | experience as the genuine heart of their tradition, including
       | meeting, talking to or even being god.
       | 
       | This is not an uncommon occurrence, even for atheists and
       | agnostics.
       | 
       | I don't think the mainstream culture has fully appreciated either
       | how enormously powerful such experiences can be, nor their
       | repercussions.
       | 
       | Historically, mainstream religions have been very against drug
       | use, but it'll be interesting to see what happens when their
       | churches, mosques, and synagogues start filling up with people
       | who were drawn there through mystical experiences they had on
       | psychedelics.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | spiritually yes .. however, for me it took many, small and far
         | apart, ventures into Bible study to find that in the Old
         | Testament, it is literally a guiding principle to refrain from
         | drugs that induce ecstatic experience.. The Old Testament g*d
         | is a sober one.. (oh wait, wine) Fast-forward 2+ thousand
         | years, and the structures of capital R Religion focus on
         | tangible outcomes with built, physical infrastructure .. family
         | structures and committments..
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | Walk into a mainstream religious setting. None of them are
         | there because they got high. If that were the case, the 70s
         | would have looked a lot different.
        
           | pmoriarty wrote:
           | This is false.
           | 
           | A lot of people found religion in the 60's and 70's due to
           | psychedelics, and have continued to do so ever since. As an
           | example, many people were first drawn to Eastern religions
           | through psychedelic experiences.
           | 
           | Also, arguments have been made that even the mainstream
           | religions were originally founded (and in their early years
           | sustained) due to psychedelic use. For an example see
           | Allegro's _" The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross"_.
           | 
           | That's not to mention many smaller religions such as the
           | Native American Church, Santo Daime, Uniao Do Vegetal, etc.
           | 
           | Something else to consider is that drug use has been so
           | stigmatized (not to mention illegal) for so long that many
           | users have been afraid to come forward and admit their
           | psychedelic use. That's been changing due to the Psychedelic
           | Renaissance and its positive reception in the press, but
           | there are likely to be many more people who haven't come out
           | of the closet yet (not to mention users who died before this
           | more permissive era started). So the number of people who
           | were drawn to religion through psychedelic use is probably
           | much larger than we know.
        
             | andrewmcwatters wrote:
             | I'm sure plenty of them did. But it's interesting I don't
             | see Christians, Jews, or Muslims talk about how they get
             | high all the time. They'd be put off by you suggesting it.
             | It's even a central practice to not do so.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | One thing I learned from psychedelic usage is the
               | powerful of the minds ability to imagine things about
               | reality and present them as reality itself. I think the
               | realization of _this sort of thing_ might contribute to
               | many psychedelic users to adopt a more ~spiritual outlook
               | on life, which I believe is more aligned with how things
               | really are.
        
         | perfmode wrote:
         | it's worth also introducing another word into the vocabulary of
         | the discussion: spirituality
        
         | creamynebula wrote:
         | I used to be an atheist, then after experimenting with
         | psychedelics I became agnostic, then after some major struggle
         | in life now God is central to my life and I enjoy reading the
         | Bible and the Bhagavad Gita. I had never touched anything
         | similar before psychedelics, I was prejudiced against
         | religions, religious people, spirituality and anything that
         | wasn't materialistic.
        
         | dimitrios1 wrote:
         | This is such a belittling and reductionist take on religiosity
         | that all I can do, as a religious person myself, who is well
         | educated (because that's the other assumed trope common in
         | places like these: people must be religious because they are
         | otherwise ignorant or uneducated), is laugh.
         | 
         | Not only has American theological ignorance increased (people
         | like Richard Dawkins for example, popular in atheist cultures,
         | has just downright comically terrible theology and
         | understanding of the Bible), but as well as ignorance of the
         | human psyche.
         | 
         | I award you no points, and may God have mercy on your soul.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Barrin92 wrote:
       | I think the real issue is laid out at the end
       | 
       |  _> "If matters of good and evil are not to be resolved by an
       | omniscient God in the future, then Americans will judge and
       | render punishment now. We are a nation of believers. If only
       | Americans could begin believing in politics less fervently,
       | realizing instead that life is elsewhere. But this would come at
       | a cost--because to believe in politics also means believing we
       | can, and probably should, be better"_
       | 
       | I think the author is part of a group of largely public
       | intellectuals in the US who have subscribed to the theory of
       | "religion is the opium of the people, but that's a good thing".
       | 
       | Yes, the loss of religion does away with a glue that in some
       | sense kept a sort of false peace intact. Injustices can no longer
       | be explained away with metaphysical explanations, superficial
       | alliances under the banner of faith cannot be maintained. The
       | people who stand to lose from this are the kind of people who
       | write these op-eds. People who benefit from delaying conflict.
       | The people who stand to benefit from the loss of religion are the
       | people who need some justice in this world, not in the next one.
        
         | AndrewKemendo wrote:
         | The question for me is: Is a mutually shared narrative required
         | for a society to maintain cohesion and engagement at scale?
         | 
         | If the assumption is "yes" then the challenge becomes whether
         | the narrative is actually epistemologically solid enough to
         | bear scrutiny from all angles - something I don't actually
         | believe exists.
         | 
         | I think in the US the narrative since the Colonies formed, has
         | been something like "Land of Opportunity" which a healthy
         | proportion of the US and world doesn't believe in, and
         | realistically only some segment of the world population did
         | believe in for a short period after WWII.
        
         | snypox wrote:
         | I don't know if you saw it, but Sam Harris, Jordan Peterson and
         | Douglas Murray had a debate about this topic a few years ago:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aALsFhZKg-Q
         | 
         | TLDW: we don't know if Peterson is religious or not but he
         | thinks that Christianity must stay. Harris (obviously) is an
         | atheist and thinks religions must go. Now, Douglas is
         | interesting. He's an atheist but thinks that Christianity must
         | stay because much-much worse ideologies would take its place.
         | Peterson and Douglas like to prove their point by pointing to
         | existing ideologies that are already very dangerous.
         | 
         | Personally, I don't have any argument to offer. Since seeing
         | this debate, I thought about this topic a lot but I still
         | didn't come to a conclusion.
        
       | ukj wrote:
       | Well...yeah!
       | 
       | Religion serves a function. Even if that function is
       | psychological.
       | 
       | When you take religion away, something else will fill the
       | utility-gap.
       | 
       | Silly humans failing to grasp the purpose of stories/narratives.
       | 
       | Edit for the downvoters (who clearly don't understand): the
       | question "Why do science and philosophy matter?" has only
       | religious/ideological answers.
        
         | didibus wrote:
         | > "Why do science and philosophy matter?" has only
         | religious/ideological answers
         | 
         | The question needs not be asked. But most people are not
         | areligious, they have been raised within a context of religion
         | where the question was asked to them. Religion begets religion
         | because it teaches people that there are higher meanings and
         | pushes people to seek their answers.
         | 
         | A true areligious person does not ponder about the meaning of
         | life, why we are here, and what it is we need to do with
         | ourselves. An areligious person can simply exist in peace,
         | guided simply by ones natural desires for fun, pleasure,
         | comfort, safety, growth and love.
        
           | ukj wrote:
           | > The question needs not be asked.
           | 
           | That is a religious belief in denial of my factual needs.
           | 
           | > A true areligious person does not ponder about the meaning
           | of life, why we are here
           | 
           | Great! So why does science matter to a true areligious
           | person?
        
         | redisman wrote:
         | It's spiritual, not psychological. I guess there are some
         | connections between those two though
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Religion is about culture, belief and community. The fading of
         | the mainstream religions is making room for the more
         | fundamentalist, marketing driven religious practices that are
         | often about money and politics.
        
           | ukj wrote:
           | We are social animals. A religion is what scientists call a
           | "paradigm".
           | 
           | The socially acceptable ideas/paradigms of today are the
           | religions of next century.
           | 
           | Hegel was right.
        
             | joe_the_user wrote:
             | There are parts of Europe that have far more community and
             | where people are far more social but far less religious
             | than the US.
             | 
             | Religion is just a long surviving irrational belief system.
             | It may serve a more social purpose or a less social
             | purpose. Oppositely, the purpose of unifying a community
             | can be served by a number of things, religion isn't
             | necessary for that. As other mention, extreme religiosity
             | is rising in the US even as average religion is declining
             | but that's naturally ideological.
        
               | bobthechef wrote:
               | This is an extremely ignorant position that trivializes
               | "religion". First of all, as I have written elsewhere,
               | everyone is religious. The question is: how good and true
               | is your religion? To call it merely irrational is to show
               | a total lack of understanding of the subject. And because
               | religions are many, it makes little sense to speak of
               | "religion" categorically in this way because they often
               | have little or nothing in common. You have to address and
               | criticize particular religions for particular reasons.
               | 
               | Furthermore, those who defect from the religious faith on
               | which their society or civilization was built often ride
               | the coat tails of that religious faith without working
               | out the logical consequences of their rejection. That is,
               | it is better to describe the rejector as a heretic or an
               | apostate than someone who has somehow freed himself from
               | the faith in question and all its trappings. Many of
               | these ideologies we're seeing are profound distortions or
               | perversions of some selected element of Christianity or
               | previous heretical position. That's one reason heresy was
               | always regarded as dangerous. It comes from the Greek
               | _hairesis_ meaning  "a taking or choosing for oneself, a
               | choice"[0] meaning taking a cafeteria approach toward the
               | dogmas of the faith which exist as a coherent whole. Any
               | distortion or selectivity produces severe downstream
               | consequences like ideology. Secularism and liberalism are
               | examples. They are Christian heresies and cannot be
               | comprehended apart from the Christian context within
               | which they emerged.
               | 
               | Nietzsche, who was an atheist, was smart enough to see
               | this. The "Twilight of the Idols" is all about how silly
               | this secular triumphalism, or even just contentment, is
               | because it fails to see that the consequences of having
               | "killed God" are not yet fully made manifest, but
               | eventually will be made manifest because this state of
               | affairs is unsustainable, and that this will result
               | ultimately in total disorientation and chaos (I disagree
               | with Nietzsche that God was merely an instrumental idea,
               | but he did at least grasp the parochial and myopic nature
               | of so many atheists and secular people; for him, atheism
               | was a terrible thing). Intellectually serious atheists
               | are all in agreement about how terrible atheism is (i.e.,
               | not the provincial variety like Dawkins). This state
               | produces a fertile ground for ideology, i.e., irrational
               | half-assed false religions.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=heresy
        
               | joe_the_user wrote:
               | _This is an extremely ignorant position that trivializes
               | "religion". First of all, as I have written elsewhere,
               | everyone is religious._
               | 
               | -- I can't see how that statement doesn't trivialize
               | religion at least as much. IE, if everyone is
               | "religious", you've set a very low bar for what qualifies
               | as religious
               | 
               | I think made it clear you have religious beliefs, which
               | involve ... clearly false views of the cosmos (with the
               | possible exception of Buddhism) and you have religious
               | institutions, which serve a variety of social, economic
               | and psychological purposes. A church can be club with a
               | few nods to God or it can be something like a political
               | party hell bent on power or it can be other things. Many
               | American Unitarians maintain the form of religion while
               | dropping all the God part and that's as fine as anything
               | as far as I'm concerned.
        
               | ukj wrote:
               | > if everyone is "religious", you've set a very low bar
               | for what qualifies as religious
               | 
               | And if everyone has "beliefs" then you have set a very
               | low bar for what qualifies as belief which makes everyone
               | a believer.
               | 
               | You are playing a silly power game where you dismiss
               | other people's conceptual schemes so you can peddle your
               | own.
               | 
               | My view of the cosmos is that it is a computer
               | simulation.
               | 
               | It isn't clearly false. But it is clearly a religion.
               | Even though it is backed up by the fact that all
               | asymmetrical/equational reasoning (all of the Mathematics
               | supporting Physics/Cosmology) is computational.
        
               | joe_the_user wrote:
               | _And if everyone has "beliefs" then you have set a very
               | low bad for what qualifies as belief._
               | 
               | Sure, if you look at what qualifies as a belief, it's
               | pretty random.
               | 
               |  _My view of the cosmos is that it is a computer
               | simulation._
               | 
               | It seems like the main thing this shares with religion is
               | that it's wholly unverifiable. If you develop it in
               | common with others and perhaps add rituals, you could
               | qualify it along with Pastafarians [1]. But Pastafarian
               | know it's a joke.
               | 
               | I might have some wholly unverifiable beliefs but I don't
               | have a commitment to maintain such beliefs. That's where
               | I'd locate the difference.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster
        
               | ukj wrote:
               | It is 100% verifiable AND falsifiable.
               | 
               | You can verify that Physics is captured in Mathematics.
               | 
               | Mathematics is a Turing-recognisable language. If the
               | universe is Physical then it is computable. This is a
               | trivially true belief (see Church-Turing-Deutsch
               | principle).
               | 
               | You can falsify my belief by producing Physics in
               | language other than Mathematics.
               | 
               | Of course, as an instrumentalist/physicist, I don't care
               | if my beliefs are "actually true" as long as they work.
        
               | ukj wrote:
               | I have no idea what you conceptualise as a "religion"; or
               | how you measure "religiosity".
               | 
               | I have a very broad definition - to me any belief system
               | (collection of concepts used for understanding the world)
               | is a religion.
               | 
               | Rationalism is one religion. Irrationalism is another
               | religion.
               | 
               | Any preference you have for one or the other is just your
               | opinion. The bias that you can't justify.
               | 
               | The long-surviving is statistically unlikely to be
               | irrational. It survived the test of time - Entropy.
               | 
               | What is far more likely is that you don't (yet)
               | understand what religion is.
        
         | bobthechef wrote:
         | I agree with you that in the absence of what we conventionally
         | call "religion" doesn't mean the essential character of
         | religion is erased. Abandoning one religion means adopting
         | another. Abandoning a religious faith with thousands of years
         | of refinement for some quackery invented yesterday, especially
         | without proportional reason, is not exactly the move of a sound
         | mind.
         | 
         | I also think religion serves a real need, but all real needs
         | have real objects. And so I do not use the word "utility" here
         | as if the content of the faith didn't matter, that religion is
         | just some instrument that gets us this "other stuff" and has no
         | intrinsic truth or meaning itself. A true religious faith is
         | practiced because it is about the ultimate meaning of one's
         | life and thus the meaning of everything else in life. Thus
         | everything is always subordinate to one's faith. It is
         | important for the faith to be true in order to be able to live
         | one's life in the light of true ends, not mythical
         | counterfeits. This does not contradict the essence of your main
         | point, namely, the the eviction of one religion does not
         | abolish religion. It typically just replaces it with something
         | inferior.
         | 
         | > "Why do science and philosophy matter?"
         | 
         | I would say philosophical and religious answers. Recall that
         | philosophy is also reflexive.
         | 
         | But indeed, scientism is indefensible. It is a philosophical
         | position and thus cannot be defended scientifically. You cannot
         | simply assert it without justification.
        
           | ukj wrote:
           | What is the utility of truth?
           | 
           | If it has none then I don't need it.
           | 
           | Reflexivity is precisely where meaning/religion comes from.
           | From the self.
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | so -
             | 
             | You saw sagacious Solomon | You know what came of him | To
             | him, complexities seemed plain | He cursed the hour that
             | gave birth to him | And saw that everything was vain | How
             | great and wise was Solomon | The world, however, did not
             | wait | But soon observed what followed on | It's wisdom
             | that had brought him to this state | How fortunate the man
             | with none
             | 
             | You saw courageous Caesar next | You know what he became |
             | They deified him in his life | Then had him murdered just
             | the same | And as they raised the fatal knife | How loud he
             | cried "you too my son!" | The world, however, did not wait
             | | But soon observed what followed on | It's courage that
             | had brought him to that state | How fortunate the man with
             | none
             | 
             | You heard of honest Socrates | The man who never lied |
             | They weren't so grateful as you'd think | Instead the
             | rulers fixed to have him tried | And handed him the
             | poisoned drink | How honest was the people's noble son |
             | The world, however, did not wait | But soon observed what
             | followed on | It's honesty that brought him to that state |
             | How fortunate the man with none
             | 
             | Here you can see respectable folk | Keeping to God's own
             | laws | So far he hasn't taken heed | You who sit safe and
             | warm indoors | Help to relieve out bitter need | How
             | virtuously we had begun | The world, however, did not wait
             | | But soon observed what followed on | It's fear of God
             | that brought us to that state | How fortunate the man with
             | none
             | 
             | Source: LyricFind
             | 
             | Songwriters: Brendan Michael Perry / Bertolt Brecht / John
             | Willett
             | 
             | How Fortunate the Man With None lyrics (c) Universal Music
             | Publishing Group, BMG Rights Management
        
             | bobthechef wrote:
             | > What is the utility of truth?
             | 
             | I don't understand the question. Truth is the
             | correspondence of the mind with the real. The value of some
             | truths is mostly instrumental. The value of others is that
             | it is good for us to know them for themselves. If you are
             | using "utility" to mean "value", then maybe you accept
             | this, but utility is typically something like a species of
             | value, as I understand it. Pure practicality is incoherent.
             | They needs to be a terminus.
             | 
             | What is "need" here? Toward what end? Need is always about
             | ends.
             | 
             | > Reflexivity is precisely where meaning/religion comes
             | from. From the self.
             | 
             | Meaning doesn't come from ourselves. We cannot invent
             | meaning. Either something means something, or it doesn't.
             | What you describe is mental illness and delusion. I also
             | don't see what this has to do with truth/utility.
        
               | ukj wrote:
               | > Either something means something, or it doesn't.
               | 
               | This is a peculiar idea.
               | 
               | What does my cat mean?
        
               | ukj wrote:
               | > I don't understand the question. Truth is the
               | correspondence of the mind with the real.
               | 
               | That is only the correspondence theory of truth.
               | 
               | There are many other truth-theories.
               | 
               | There is the coherence theory, pragmatic theory,
               | constructivist theory, consensus theory. Why have you
               | chosen that particular truth-theory?
               | 
               | I use utility in the same sense of "teleos" - end
               | purpose.
               | 
               | What is the purpose of truth? What is the purpose of
               | having a mind correspond with the real?
               | 
               | For your particular conception - it is impossible for any
               | mind to correspond to the real because any given mind is
               | only a subset of the real.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | bryanrasmussen wrote:
       | So I figure there should be a possible version of Emo Phillips'
       | best God joke ever
       | https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2005/sep/29/comedy.religio...
       | available for American politics.
        
       | dilawar wrote:
       | Really? How about growth and decline of Marxism vis-a-vis
       | religion?
        
       | grouphugs wrote:
       | this doesn't make any sense at all. have you not heard of the
       | inquisitions and crusades? hn is seriously a bunch of pompous
       | clowns with inflated egos, this is gonna get so funny soon, way
       | funnier than its been
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | briefcomment wrote:
       | People feel the urge to label some one, group, or idea, as bad. I
       | get around this by accepting that I am bad. It helps me see the
       | best in everyone else, and makes me hold myself to really high
       | standards. It is sometimes unpleasant though.
       | 
       | It's probably some sort of natural calibration process.
        
         | rogerkirkness wrote:
         | I've come to terms with this by denouncing morals and focusing
         | on ethics.
        
           | fighterpilot wrote:
           | I don't go so far as denouncing morals, I'm glad they exist,
           | but I'm very skeptical of them.
           | 
           | Morality works well for its evolved purpose, which is to bind
           | together small tribes and push someone into action in
           | response to visual and audio cues that someone is suffering.
           | 
           | Beyond that, it's highly flawed.
           | 
           | It doesn't get switched on for out-groups. Arguably it
           | contributes to tribal conflict.
           | 
           | It can be co-opted so easily by nefarious charismatic
           | leaders, motivating morally outraged people towards atrocity.
           | 
           | It can be co-opted easily by a victim-playing psychopath in
           | an interpersonal setting for personal gain.
           | 
           | It's used as a mask for policies and ideologies that are
           | really a byproduct of jealousy, envy, self-interest, among
           | other motivations.
           | 
           | It's not rational, we become less altruistic as the scale of
           | the problem grows, and we respond more to emotional stimuli
           | than actual information about what's going on.
        
           | briefcomment wrote:
           | I agree about morals. They're always relative, and can
           | sometimes be fluid. Holding someone to a set of morals is
           | usually pretty shortsighted.
           | 
           | What do you mean by ethics here?
           | 
           | The one thing I try to hold myself to is to maximize
           | individual choice, even if I don't currently agree with some
           | of the choices.
        
           | skissane wrote:
           | The problem with talking about "morals"-vs-"ethics" is that
           | it isn't very clear what is the actual difference between
           | them.
           | 
           | One point of view-to which I subscribe-is that the terms are
           | synonyms. One comes from Latin, the other comes from Greek.
           | English does that sometimes.
           | 
           | Others insist they differ in meaning. But there doesn't seem
           | to be any consensus on what the actual difference is. I've
           | heard many proposals, and the only thing I've found they have
           | in common is that they disagree with each other.
           | 
           | Some people say "morals" is about principles and "ethics" is
           | about their application. Others say "morals" are religious
           | and "ethics" are secular. Yet others say "morals" are
           | personal and "ethics" are professional and/or political. I'll
           | just stick with using the two words as interchangeable
           | synonyms myself.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | Isn't this what Catholicism is all about? We are all sinners
         | and terrible people. Therefore we should see the best in fellow
         | human and give money to the church so it can offset our tab
         | with god
         | 
         | I realize most people stick to the "everyone is bad" part and
         | forget that they too are an everyone and gloss over the whole
         | forgiveness and acceptance part.
        
           | baby wrote:
           | Is it though, don't religious people think everyone else not
           | part of their religion is going to hell?
        
             | snypox wrote:
             | I asked this from a Christian friend of mine. He said that
             | the "uninitiated", like indigenous people will be judged by
             | their conscience.
             | 
             | I told him that people in Iraq are 99% muslims and they
             | definitely know about the existence of Christianity so they
             | aren't really uninitiated. If I remember correctly, he said
             | that if a culture poisons your mind to not believe in the
             | Christian God, then you're still considered "uninitiated".
        
               | briefcomment wrote:
               | > "culture poisons your mind"
               | 
               | That seems like quite the cop out lol. Pretty sure any
               | decision to not practice Christianity would meet this
               | criteria.
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | "As _______ has declined, ______ intensity has risen."
       | 
       | That is a natural cycle for more than religion.
       | 
       | Look at the mainstream media. As the internet has cut into their
       | sweet spot, they've reacted with reporting that's more binay,
       | more sensationalized. Similar can be said of politics. Again, the
       | internet, it enables the people to self organize, etc. And the
       | result to politics? A louder and more extreme mindset professing
       | how important gov is.
       | 
       | As "movements" contract those who remain are naturally more
       | devoted. Devotes what to believe they are relevant. Less voices
       | triggers those who remain to be louder.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | rubyn00bie wrote:
       | Uhhh... this article is really out of touch with the world and
       | I'm pretty sure they totally didn't understand at a minimum half
       | of what they're talking about.
       | 
       | I'd really like to point out something that's just a fact, that
       | was told to me, while I was abroad, by non-US citizens:
       | 
       | The USA is the only country where you can move to and say you're
       | from. I can't ever move to France and call myself French. I can't
       | move to Germany and be German, no more than I can ever move to
       | Japan and call myself Japanese. One can however, move to the
       | United States, and call themselves American.
       | 
       | There is something binding to America, much greater than
       | religion, and it's the idea of freedom. Not even real freedom,
       | just the god damn idea of it.
       | 
       | > As religious faith has declined, ideological intensity has
       | risen
       | 
       | ROFLCOPTR. Next you're going to try and sell me a tool to predict
       | stock prices based on the weather (and I did read more after
       | laughing my ass off at the sub heading).
       | 
       | To assume that religion is what held together America is itself
       | fucking stupid. I could accept greed, war mongering, or pretty
       | much anything except the bullshit veil of religion. This was
       | obviously written by someone who has no lens without religion and
       | so applies it everywhere they can. It'd be more accurate to title
       | this article "let's blame the problems of the world on the
       | decline of religion, because I'm to stupid and willfully ignorant
       | to accept the complex dynamics of modern society."
        
         | skissane wrote:
         | > The USA is the only country where you can move to and say
         | you're from. I can't ever move to France and call myself
         | French. I can't move to Germany and be German, no more than I
         | can ever move to Japan and call myself Japanese. One can
         | however, move to the United States, and call themselves
         | American.
         | 
         | Not the only country, the same is true of Australia. I
         | mentioned in another comment the Australian politician Kristina
         | Keneally, who was born in Nevada, grew up in Ohio, didn't move
         | to Australia until her 20s. To me, she's an Australian. I think
         | most Australians would probably say the same thing.
        
         | gspr wrote:
         | Huh? Maybe France is a bit special, but I'd wager you could
         | move to Germany, the Netherlands or Scandinavia and call
         | yourself [insert local identity] just as quickly as you could
         | in the US. At least in the cities (but then again, try being a
         | Syrian refugee in rural Alabama).
         | 
         | Sure, it doesn't happen on day one, but it doesn't in the US
         | either.
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | The United States has the world's largest Christian population,
         | and its founding was directly influenced by religion; the
         | Church of England and the Puritans.[1][2][3][4]
         | 
         | To suggest otherwise is to completely ignore not only history,
         | but the present.
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Colony
         | 
         | [2]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England#Establ...
         | 
         | [3]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay
         | 
         | [4]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay#...
        
           | andrewjl wrote:
           | This isn't really the whole story. Many of the founders were
           | Deist and/or practically irreligious.
           | 
           | The other important distinction is that the Church of England
           | is essentially a state church. In many ways the U.S.
           | Constitution, on which Nonconformists had far more influence,
           | is its _antithesis_. [1] Puritanism /Nonconformism views
           | religion as a personal or at most a local matter.
           | 
           | One of the references you shared has an interesting quote to
           | this effect stating that when England tried to impose it's
           | unelected colonial official rule, Puritan officials "were of
           | opinion that God would never suffer me to land again in this
           | country, and thereupon began in a most arbitrary manner to
           | assert their power higher than at any time before." [2]
           | 
           | A much more accurate picture of what the U.S. started out as
           | and has become today would be a mosaic or a patchwork of
           | various religions and/or philosophies where one always has a
           | choice whether to participate (or abstain).
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England#Dud
           | ley...
        
             | andrewmcwatters wrote:
             | That's so far from the truth, that it's a fraudulent
             | historical claim. They were almost _all_ religious, and the
             | early population of both the proto-United States, and the
             | then-declared independent states were predominantly
             | Protestant.
        
         | rmellow wrote:
         | > The USA is the only country where you can move to and say
         | you're from.
         | 
         | North of the border there's a vast, mythical place called
         | Canada - about 20% of Canadians were not born there [1].
         | 
         | Yes, this feeling of "acquired origin" is not true of every
         | country, but the US and Canada are seldom the only place.
         | 
         | In my experience, the same would happen in many South American
         | countries if one is successful in integration - there's no
         | snobbery about not being born there.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-s-foreign-born-
         | populat...
        
       | rbrbr wrote:
       | Every time I read about grown up men and women believing in a
       | fairytale it makes me realize how far humanity is away from being
       | a grown up self reflected intelligent species. And I have my
       | doubts it will change anytime soon.
        
       | antattack wrote:
       | "Join me in our crusade to reap the rewards of our global
       | victory'
       | 
       | Said President Bush in 2005. Once politics and faith intermingle
       | the result is higher intensity.
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | > Once politics and faith intermingle the result is higher
         | intensity.
         | 
         | America has been into that since the very beginning
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington
        
       | anoncow wrote:
       | This thread has derailed.
        
       | ymgch wrote:
       | Can't say what's worse.
        
       | freshhawk wrote:
       | Uh ... is it news to people that american nationalism is a very
       | religious belief system?
       | 
       | It isn't to outsiders, I definitely heard this comparison made
       | when I was in school ... which was the 90's.
       | 
       | This also feels more like americans adjusting to having explicit
       | ideological beliefs in the first place, since the decades-long
       | political monoculture is breaking up. There is an interesting
       | religious feel to party affiliation in the US, but nothing
       | particularly exceptional compared to other places. Maybe that's
       | an outsider missing some nuance though.
        
         | remarkEon wrote:
         | >Uh ... is it news to people that american nationalism is a
         | very religious belief system?
         | 
         | I think the "news" here, such as there actually is any, is that
         | modern secular progressivism has adopted (transplanted?) many
         | religious notions from e.g. Catholicism, and the comparison
         | bothers people because the left prides itself on being anti-
         | religious. American Nationalism has pretty much always been
         | tied to Christianity given the history of the country, so yeah
         | it's not surprising at all to point that out.
        
           | sidlls wrote:
           | In America, religion has always had an outsized influence in
           | everything, including leftist movements. It's no surprise
           | that its influence has extended to other movements in ways
           | both subtle and (perhaps) surprising.
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | It isn't. Politics being the new religion and growing amounts
         | of atheism and agnosticism has commonly been the scapegoat. But
         | it is easy to disprove. The South is extremely religious and
         | just as radical (if not more) than the areas of the country
         | that aren't as religious. If it was the lack of religion we'd
         | see the political fervor be less homogeneously distributed (and
         | similarly if religion caused this division).
         | 
         | Neither is this news to people nor is it a good claim. But it
         | is a believable claim so that's why we're talking about it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | Becoming more religious has helped me identify religious
       | tendencies in the secular world. Ideology doesn't imply
       | supernatural deities, and some worldly phenomenon can be elevated
       | to a supernatural level. Secular belief contains rituals, origin
       | stories, deities, saints, priesthood, blasphemy, vice & virtue
       | just as religion does.
       | 
       | One aspect of religion I appreciate is that these aspects are
       | well codified and debated - i.e. much more explicit.
       | 
       | In the secular world these aspects exist but they are implicit,
       | making them difficult to debate and attack.
       | 
       | Few people understand that most religions e.g. Judaism and
       | Christianity have an apologetic discipline - a deliberate arm
       | open to debate.
       | 
       | The secular world would benefit from adopting more formal
       | definitions of their belief system. I think that would reduce the
       | conflict and neurosis that comes from engaging a nebulous system.
       | 
       | If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
       | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular ideology
       | that you have adopted.
        
         | Jedd wrote:
         | > Becoming more religious has helped me identify religious
         | tendencies in the secular world.
         | 
         | Do you believe that becoming religious made you smarter / more
         | aware, or that it made you more eager to seek reassuring
         | comparisons outside your religion?
         | 
         | > The secular world would benefit from adopting more formal
         | definitions of their belief system.
         | 
         | Benefit whom? The 'secular world' is perhaps not as centrally
         | organised as you may believe or wish for. ( _We meet at the Fox
         | & Hound every second Wednesday_.) Whether this is inconvenient
         | for members of the secular world, members of various fantasy
         | clubs, or both - is hard to say.
         | 
         | Personally I don't feel that a codification of my understanding
         | of the universe (I struggle to think of it as a belief system,
         | as that has connotations of faith and rigidity in the absence
         | of evidence) is necessary. I _do_ undeniably like the idea that
         | my understanding of the universe (roughly) aligns, AFAICT, with
         | that of other intelligent people I know, or whose works I see
         | or read - but I 'm not sure that's the same thing.
         | 
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | Do you accept that perhaps intentionally non-religious people
         | may not be as dumb as that assertion demands?
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | > Do you believe that becoming religious made you smarter /
           | more aware
           | 
           | As in it's equipped me with mental models to understand which
           | components of secular life are acts of faith & ritual vs
           | reason.
           | 
           | > 'secular world' is perhaps not as centrally organised as
           | you may believe or wish for
           | 
           | Nor is it uniform. But there are some overt and some covert
           | aspects. the covert forces benefit from being nebulous.
           | 
           | One reason religions are so open to attack is that they have
           | a clear identity and value system (not necessarily good, but
           | at least clearly stated). If you think about it, you can have
           | a healthier relationship with a religious opponent- as long
           | as you have equal power, you can oppose each other in a
           | healthy way.
           | 
           | The secular world is applying all sorts of demands & social
           | pressures on you, and there's no way to oppose them, because
           | secular ideology doesn't have an identity, an institution or
           | value system open to attack. It's like fighting smoke or a
           | swarm of bees.
        
             | kwinten wrote:
             | > The secular world is applying all sorts of demands &
             | social pressures on you, and there's no way to oppose them,
             | because secular ideology doesn't have an identity, an
             | institution or value system open to attack. It's like
             | fighting smoke or a swarm of bees.
             | 
             | That's because there is no such thing as "secular
             | ideology". It's a meaningless phrase.
        
               | foolinaround wrote:
               | > That's because there is no such thing as "secular
               | ideology". It's a meaningless phrase.
               | 
               | Yes, there is no such thing, but it does not become
               | meaningless, and so such be called 'something'
               | 
               | It is the opposite, the repudiation of 'religious
               | ideology'
               | 
               | just like there is no such thing as 'cold' - it is the
               | opposite of 'heat' which is measured, but 'cold' as such,
               | holds some value in dialogue, so it is for 'secular
               | ideology'
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | There is such a thing if one delves into definition of
               | ideology. Depending on the definition, there either is or
               | is not such a thing.
        
               | savingsPossible wrote:
               | Correct.
               | 
               | There is no such thing as "secular ideology". There are
               | many. Just as there are many religions.
               | 
               | There is materialism+work ethic, there is materialism
               | without work ethic, there is "wokeism" (to pin a
               | definition, the belief that oppression is a fundamental
               | societal force and clearly directional based on some
               | enumerated characteristics), there is nationalism.
               | There's even "startups" :P
               | 
               | But perhaps you have a grain of truth in that rarely is a
               | "secular ideologist" a "monotheistic" (monoidealistic?)
               | one. Usually one's identity holds a plurality of those
               | identifications.
               | 
               | Also, people can have a strong identification to ideas
               | without a community to back it up (another grain of
               | truth, and the saddest part)
        
               | tonymet wrote:
               | This is academically true but not practically true. sure
               | there are various secular ideologies in the wild, but due
               | to globalized media & culture, you will generally find
               | major and minor dominant ideologies ruling over you
               | personally.
               | 
               | Overall the point isn't to say that all secular belief is
               | the same. The point is that any secular ideology you
               | follow will have the same characteristics of religious
               | belief despite lacking definition.
        
         | thegrimmest wrote:
         | I think there's a big difference between belief and dogma.
         | While I agree there is lots of secular dogma, not all secular
         | belief systems are dogmatic. If your belief system is
         | constructed in a fundamentally evidence-based and emotionally-
         | detached manner, then even your core beliefs should be open to
         | challenge and question. I don't think most members of large
         | institutionalized religions are willing to seriously entertain
         | that their core tenets are wildly mistaken, otherwise they are
         | in serious danger of becoming atheists.
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | > Few people understand that most religions e.g. Judaism and
         | Christianity have an apologetic discipline - a deliberate arm
         | open to debate.
         | 
         | They have arguments that they make to nonbelievers. That's not
         | the same as being genuinely open to debate.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | I don't know. That sounds like a lot of overthinking.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | I have been thinking a lot about region and ideology and what
         | i've come up with is that the tendency to form these strong
         | ideological behaviors is a feature of humanity and organized
         | religion is a sort of evolved (perhaps in a meme more than a
         | gene way) response to this tendency.
         | 
         | Essentially groups and ideas survived better when there was an
         | organization and social rules built up around this human
         | tendency. Left unchecked reckless nonsense ideologies spring up
         | too easily, an organized religion gives this human trait an
         | outlet (and often becomes an unchecked wreckless ideology
         | itself, but... less often).
         | 
         | Or in another sense, the big organized religions are the
         | winners in a centuries long evolutionary race of ideas. The
         | nonsense ones destroy themselves eventually, the less nonsense
         | ones survive and spread (seriously, judaism is thousands of
         | years old and has a health code, much of which in context is
         | decent advice).
        
           | 7952 wrote:
           | Imagine you could go back to 0AD. And you ask the people why
           | droughts happen, or why people get sick, or why volcanoes
           | explode. Ask them why they are a slave, or a master.
           | 
           | There were religious answers to all these questions. God's
           | were just the best explanation going for why things happened.
           | And over the next 2000 years science slowly chipped away at
           | that. And then the origin of species was published. To the
           | point where in 2021 most people will have answers based on
           | science. Even religious people.
           | 
           | Science has won the battle of ideas again and again. Religion
           | has retreated into faith and existential fear. And slowly but
           | surely science will shine a light on that fear.
        
         | dgb23 wrote:
         | The same cognitive defense mechanism that prevents me from
         | being religious (which I wanted, tried but couldn't) also
         | prevents me from adopting ideology.
        
           | andrewclunn wrote:
           | I very much doubt this. 99 times out of 100 someone who says
           | they are a-political, ascribe to some form of moral
           | relativism, or don't have an ideology, very much are, aren't,
           | and do. They either:
           | 
           | 1) Lack the introspection to see it and are unaware of what
           | they take on faith. 2) Are knowingly lying in order to appear
           | more open minded than they are. 3) Are actively undergoing a
           | crisis of faith period in their life where they are looking
           | for a new foundation to replace one that has recently failed
           | them.
           | 
           | Put some skin in the game. Own your assumptions.
        
         | keithnz wrote:
         | the secular world is simply the things that are not connected
         | with religion, to talk about it as a "thing" that needs anymore
         | definition than that doesn't really make sense. It doesn't make
         | sense for "secular" to define itself anymore than that. There
         | may be groups of secular people who develop the kinds of traits
         | you are interested in, for instance secular humanism. But the
         | "secular world" is just those things that are not connected
         | with religion and secular things don't really anymore traits
         | other than that.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | I agree with this. It seems like OP taking the position that
           | everyone is in fact religious, even when they say they are
           | not. This is a position I see many religious people take, and
           | I completely disagree with the premise.
           | 
           | I also don't _really_ consider myself an atheist, either.
           | Ignostic is accurate. Maybe that 's worse ;-)
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | I'm trying to convince secular people, especially atheists,
             | that they are in every way religious. That most of their
             | beliefs are taken on faith. They have a value system of
             | virtue and vice (usually implied), and they have deities (
             | forces, persona & phenomena that affect their life in a
             | supernatural way).
        
               | Tainnor wrote:
               | Well, you're wrong.
               | 
               | A value system is not a set of beliefs. I think it's
               | important to treat people fairly. But I don't believe
               | that the "universe" or whatever cares about fair
               | treatment of people. What matters to me personally or
               | what I find ethical has nothing to do with any sort of
               | deep truth about the world. I like ice cream, that
               | doesn't mean that I ascribe any metaphysical importance
               | to the taste and texture of ice cream.
               | 
               | I also don't have "deities" or anything that affects my
               | life in a supernatural way, and I'm not sure what gave
               | you the idea that secular people (in general) do - maybe
               | you talked to a bunch of esoteric-minded people, or to
               | the kind of environmentalist that turns nature into some
               | sort of mystical deity, but that's not every secularist
               | (nor every environmentalist).
               | 
               | Maybe you should try talking to actual atheists instead
               | of strawmanning them.
        
         | Shorel wrote:
         | > Few people understand that most religions e.g. Judaism and
         | Christianity have an apologetic discipline - a deliberate arm
         | open to debate.
         | 
         | That's just a trick religious evangelizers use as bait to
         | unleash their barrel of canned answers.
         | 
         | And boy, you really have a lot of ammunition to use.
         | 
         | But, and this is an important but: In the end, it is all just
         | rhetoric to justify what you already believe and are unwilling
         | to change.
        
           | selfhoster11 wrote:
           | > That's just a trick religious evangelizers use as bait to
           | unleash their barrel of canned answer
           | 
           | How is that different from what the atheist side offers?
           | 
           | The fact is, the big questions in life tend to be complicated
           | to figure out, so canned answers are a practical way to not
           | devote your entire lifetime to redeveloping the conclusions
           | from scratch. Ideally, you'd also do some due diligence and
           | try to figure out whether they agree with reality as you
           | understand it.
           | 
           | There's a reason why we use caching in computer science.
           | Cached answers should of course be invalidated in cases where
           | they are found to be incorrect, so one should remain open to
           | the possibility of being wrong about their beliefs (though
           | just how open, is a subject of individual opinion).
        
             | Shorel wrote:
             | > How is that different from what the atheist side offers?
             | 
             | That one is easy: we don't pretend we have the answer to
             | everything. In fact, that's the first thing we say.
             | 
             | Is the sun going to appear in the sky tomorrow? Probably
             | yes, as far as I know, with 99.99999 certainty, but it is
             | never 100%.
             | 
             | Pure theological questions are answered by me with: is that
             | even a useful question? I don't even care if a god exists,
             | because so far they have been unable to interact with the
             | world in any meaningful way. And you people worry so much
             | about your next life, you are forgetting to live this one.
        
         | eezing wrote:
         | You're arguing semantics. For many Americans, religion implies
         | the existence of god. Your definition of religion is too vague
         | for debate.
        
         | cconcepts wrote:
         | This is a good summary of what I think Douglas Murray was
         | explaining in this discussion with Sam Harris:
         | https://youtu.be/yTtuCNPebDE
         | 
         | Namely; "we may be in the midst of the discovery that the only
         | thing worse than religion is it's absence"
        
         | kazoomonger wrote:
         | I think the issue you're facing in thinking that these aspects
         | exist but are implicit is that you're looking at the world
         | through religion-colored glasses, which distort the way you're
         | viewing things.
         | 
         | I'll admit that in the absence of religion, some people pick up
         | ideological causes and treat them as a religion. However, I'm
         | interested in knowing what "rituals, origin stories, deities,
         | saints, priesthood, blasphemy, vice & virtue" you think I have.
        
         | brodo wrote:
         | Yuval Harari makes a very similar argument in "Sapiens". I
         | really recommend reading it. It's an eye opener.
        
         | shsbdncudx wrote:
         | One of successes of religious text like the bible is how
         | skilfully it leverages our ancient psychological needs.
         | 
         | I don't think it's purely a semantic argument though, religion
         | is predicated on the supernatural whereas ideology isn't.
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | > _Few people understand that most religions e.g. Judaism and
         | Christianity have an apologetic discipline - a deliberate arm
         | open to debate._
         | 
         | Open to talking about it, sure, but the crucial element that
         | separates apologetics from real debate is that one side is
         | forbidden from changing their mind. In religion there is a rule
         | overshadowing the exchange of ideas that says, "no matter how
         | convinced you are, or how weak your own case is, you should
         | stick with it, because it's virtuous to stick with this belief
         | no matter what."
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | This might not be true. Most religious people change their
           | beliefs.
           | 
           | A religion is a set of assertions or axioms that, like any
           | mathematical or logical system, cannot ever be proven or
           | disproven (by their very definition).
           | 
           | When one goes about living one's life, they require life
           | experiences that guide them one way or the other.
        
             | kazoomonger wrote:
             | That's not a good definition of religion. It allows one to
             | sneak in a history-laden term with a relatively innocuous
             | definition, have someone accept the given definition, and
             | the introduce the rest of the history without having to
             | prove it.
             | 
             | For prior art see arguments that "something must be the
             | first mover, and that thing we call God". Curiously, the
             | sudden leap to "therefore the Judeo-Christian deity is
             | proven to exist" keeps getting snuck in there without any
             | extra proof.
             | 
             | In other words, you're attempting to define a term of art
             | using an existing word, and this just obscures the argument
             | because most people will use its common definition, and not
             | the meaning you're defining for it.
        
             | Tainnor wrote:
             | Mathematics is distinguished by at least two
             | characteristics from religion:
             | 
             | 1. Precise definitions
             | 
             | 2. Not proven inconsistent
             | 
             | (As for 2, we know we can't prove the bulk of mainstream
             | maths consistent. However, since the crisis triggered after
             | Russell's paradox was discovered and set theory was
             | formalised in a better way, nobody has been able to poke a
             | fundamental hole into current mathematics. Moreover, there
             | are certain subsets of mathematics - say, Presburger
             | Arithmetic - that _are_ provably consistent.)
             | 
             | I have never seen a definition of "God" that is both
             | precise and not self-contradictory.
             | 
             | Conflating mathematics and religion is just disingenuous.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | Sorry if it seemed like I was conflating the two, I was
               | just trying to compare one facet of each. My use of the
               | word 'like' was supposed to be an allegorical one.
               | 
               | (Assuming, by conflate, it is the combining two into one,
               | per definition).
               | 
               | 'God is Love' doesn't seem contradictory.
        
           | _-david-_ wrote:
           | Individuals, including religious people, frequently change
           | their mind. Have you never met a person who used to be
           | religious, and I am not just talking about raised religiously
           | but actually believing, lose their faith? The idea that
           | religious people are religious just because they don't want
           | to change their views is ridiculous.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | Apostasy is a death penalty offence for some religions, and
             | the cause of a fair number of wars in other religions.
             | 
             | Its certainly frowned upon in general
        
               | _-david-_ wrote:
               | I am talking about religion in general in the West (since
               | that is what the article is about). People frequently
               | stop being Christian for example.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Yes they do it, but that's clearly against the rules of
               | their religion. You can only decide that a religion is
               | not true while not practicing that religion, because
               | curiously they all have the same virtue-associated
               | principle of never reaching that conclusion.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | I would be curious if you could find a rule book that
               | says you must believe this rule book.
        
           | mistermann wrote:
           | Do you believe this applies to Taoism? At least by my
           | interpretation, it lacks many of the shortcomings of other
           | religions.
        
             | teddyh wrote:
             | "Taoism", _the religion_ , has, as I am given to
             | understand, many of the normal trappings of religion,
             | including formal dresses for priests, and, IIRC, quite a
             | lot of alchemy.
             | 
             | This is probably not the "Taoism" which you read about in
             | western pop-culture paperbacks or hippie-age TV.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | Perhaps they have priests with costumes, and I am not
               | aware of any alchemy, but are these "shortcomings" in any
               | sort of fundamental, materially important way?
        
               | dorchadas wrote:
               | It's 'internal alchemy' [0]
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neidan
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | Ah, thanks for that. These seem fairly harmless to me but
               | I'm not so knowledgeable, what do you think?
        
               | teddyh wrote:
               | I mean, alchemy is not a really an advantage for a
               | religion to include these days. Most religions have
               | dropped their medical claims long ago.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | Sure, but I am more interested in this idea of whether
               | alchemy is a fundamental and substantial part of Taoism,
               | and then also the question of whatever negatives may come
               | with that (if it is actually true), is Taoism _in the
               | aggregate_ net beneficial to humanity, or not. I 'm
               | curious if you have any thoughts on the matter.
        
               | dorchadas wrote:
               | It's worth noting that modern Daoist alchemy is
               | _internal_ alchemy [0]
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neidan
        
             | Torwald wrote:
             | The major religions and also secular ideologies each have
             | their strengths, otherwise they wouldn't have millions of
             | followers.
        
           | kitd wrote:
           | Swap "religion" for "secular ideology" and you've pretty much
           | arrived at the conclusion of the article.
        
           | mssundaram wrote:
           | I am biased as a Hindu but I find that Hinduism stands apart
           | here as a religion in that the emphasis is on one's own and
           | the truths discovered therefrom rather than blindly accepting
           | beliefs.
        
             | chakkepolja wrote:
             | Hinduism is not a religion in western sense. We don't have
             | a set list of doctrine and rules to follow.
             | 
             | When I say I am allowed to be atheist or agnostic according
             | to Vedas, your typical dumb Purohit also screams and tries
             | to justify it's not that.
             | 
             | It's almost like Vedas or Upanishads or the values they
             | emphasize have no place in preist centered medieval /
             | modern "Hinduism".
        
               | FlyingSnake wrote:
               | Your typical dumb purohit is not needed to follow Dharma.
               | No one's going to issue a Fatwa if you do your own
               | research and find your own way. You are free to choose
               | between the Astika or Sramana or any of the heterodox
               | schools. The doctrine is there but not in form of DIY
               | commandments.
        
               | chakkepolja wrote:
               | This is true but doesn't apply to those of us who have to
               | follow certain traditions for the satisfaction of
               | parents. Given a choice I am an atheist / agnostic.
               | 
               | Edit: And 'Dharma' in texts is used to refer to qualities
               | such as 'dhriti' (courage) and r'ta (truthfulness), much
               | more than its being used to refer to rituals. So I don't
               | necessarily even need to read any of these to follow
               | "dharma".
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | We see religious tendencies in the secular world because we
         | really don't know what we're doing running the secular world.
         | Nobody really knows how to organize an economy to work well.
         | All the plausible systems have failed at some point, often in
         | unexpected ways.
         | 
         | "Free markets" are just turning loose an optimizer that
         | optimizes for - something. Central planning just pushes the
         | problem back to the planning level. Combining the two for
         | political ends tends to produce strange results because
         | economics has very poor predictive power.
         | 
         | This uncertainty tends to drive people to faith-based
         | positions. That doesn't work either, but it satisfies some
         | basic human need.
        
         | ud_0 wrote:
         | _> If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted._
         | 
         | The label "not religious" doesn't mean anything. People use it
         | to refer to atheists, in which case you are alleging that
         | atheists by definition don't have the tools to understand their
         | own position - which is absurd. Others use the term to refer to
         | minimally-practicing members of a faith who basically only show
         | up to places of worship when there is an official event, in
         | which case you argue that these people don't understand the
         | reasons why they avoid their own religion until they become
         | active practitioners.
         | 
         |  _> The secular world would benefit from adopting more formal
         | definitions of their belief system._
         | 
         | First of all, a secular world doesn't preclude the population
         | from being religious. Having a secular world that is explicitly
         | separate from religion only means that society itself is not
         | regulated by religion.
         | 
         | If by secular world you mean the percentage of the population
         | who is atheist or agnostic, then you're not talking about a
         | specific belief system. You're talking about a diverse group
         | who have chosen to not believe in deities, and that often
         | extends to not believing in the supernatural altogether. The
         | allegation that this absence of belief happens without
         | reflection is simply untrue. On the contrary, being an atheist
         | is still a thorny path to take, even today. It doesn't happen
         | passively.
         | 
         |  _> In the secular world these aspects exist but they are
         | implicit, making them difficult to debate and attack._
         | 
         | When you say that these aspects are well codified in religion,
         | what you really mean is that specific religions have behavioral
         | codices that members must adhere to. The consequences of non-
         | adherence depend on the religion and the society. But when you
         | look at different religions, these codices are all quite
         | different.
         | 
         | As soon as a population contains more than one religion, what
         | you are touting as a benefit quickly becomes just as impossible
         | as if you were dealing with an atheistic society.
         | 
         | What you find difficult to debate and attack is non-uniformity
         | in general. I consider that a plus.
         | 
         | You are of course completely correct that a diverse society can
         | appear more nebulous, and in some ways individuals can have a
         | much harder time finding a path in life if they, well, have to
         | actually go and _find a path_. This is a consequence of the
         | freedom to choose. Systems that don 't give you those freedoms
         | are assigning a path to you from on high, or at least they
         | heavily constrain your choices. No doubt some people would
         | prefer that.
         | 
         | But the benefit of living in an open society is that you have
         | the option of choosing to be religious, and you are free to
         | choose any religion and any flavor. A secular society doesn't
         | take that away in any form, it just means that your religion
         | doesn't get to make the rules for people living outside of it.
        
         | blackearl wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | Hubris is a sin. I'm sure someone with your _sharp cognitive
         | tools_ can recognize that.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | I literally mean a toolkit of mental models, like quantum
           | physics vs classical. Believing one or the other doesn't make
           | anyone better - they both have applications.
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | Christians, Muslims, etc, cannot even agree among themselves
         | what their "belief system" is! I think you're overestimating
         | how well-defined people's religious beliefs are, especially the
         | average person's.
        
           | mrone wrote:
           | Muslims agree on who God is and who are his prophets.
        
             | aloisdg wrote:
             | > and who are his prophets.
             | 
             | Well this one may differ if you ask a Sunni or a Shi'ite.
        
               | erklik wrote:
               | > Well this one may differ if you ask a Sunni or a
               | Shi'ite.
               | 
               | Prophets are the same in both denominations. I am not
               | sure why you think otherwise.
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | They routinely kill each other over religious differences,
             | so goes to show how much they agree.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | An alternative view, and one that, IMHO, is favored by Occam's
         | razor (to name just one cognitive tool), is that both religious
         | and secular ideologies are consequences of a more general human
         | nature.
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | You obviously can find a lot of topics which people don't have
         | time thinking about, so they copy rituals and belief systems
         | from their parents, other attachment figures, or even the
         | media.
         | 
         | The sources of those beliefs are decentralized though, and the
         | individual person can pick beliefs which suit their
         | whereabouts, environment, and sub culture best.
         | 
         | Religion however is a centralized source of belief systems,
         | which comes with problems:
         | 
         | - One size fits all solution leads to problems like this: Oh
         | your best friend is gay? Too bad, our 2k year old manifest says
         | they are bad people/subhuman/sick. (This makes me SO angry)
         | 
         | - Central authorities can and will exploit their power if
         | possible: Witch hunts, crusades etc
         | 
         | - Self-actualization is constrained by a fixed set of rules:
         | Tolerable in times where basic needs are often not met and are
         | more urgent, but becomes an issue when 95% live better than a
         | Pharao.
        
           | snypox wrote:
           | I resonate with your comment very much. I always felt like
           | some religions could be less poisonous if they were willing
           | to change, or at least somewhat follow the actual morality of
           | certain eras. For instance, in 2021 most people already
           | realized that being gay is not evil. Most religious people I
           | know tend to think otherwise.
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | _> If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted._
         | 
         | Not all secular beliefs are ideologies. I think there are two
         | key common factors between religious beliefs and ideologies
         | that call themselves "secular":
         | 
         | First, people don't acquire the beliefs by considering and
         | weighing evidence; they acquire them by being told them,
         | usually at a young age, by people they trust, and making them
         | part of their identity. That's why people are so resistant to
         | changing such beliefs.
         | 
         | Second, the set of beliefs acquired in this way is not just a
         | few isolated ones, but a whole network of beliefs that cover
         | every aspect of life and are all asserted as justification for
         | each other in what amounts to a logical circle. That's why it's
         | so hard to penetrate such a belief system and get people to
         | doubt it, even if it flies in the face of easily obtainable
         | evidence.
        
           | simonh wrote:
           | >First, people don't acquire the beliefs by considering and
           | weighing evidence; they acquire them by being told them,
           | usually at a young age, by people they trust, and making them
           | part of their identity. That's why people are so resistant to
           | changing such beliefs.
           | 
           | I've come across countless counter-examples to this in my
           | life. A lot of the socialists/Marxists I've known come from
           | relatively well of conservative families for example.
           | 
           | I've no real evidence for this except personal anecdotes, but
           | I suspect gravitating towards an ideology is often as much
           | motivated by what you are against as it is motivated by what
           | you are for. If there's a hierarchy in power, political,
           | religious, whatever, that you think is corrupt you're going
           | to naturally gravitate towards an ideology that provides a
           | narrative as to why it is corrupt and what can be done about
           | it.
           | 
           | People fed up with corruption in catholicism gravitated to
           | protestantism. People fed up with feudal or capitalist
           | hierarchies gravitate towards Marxism. People in the Muslim
           | world fed up with the economic and military domination of the
           | West gravitate towards islamic fundamentalism. People fed up
           | with Communist totalitarianism gravitate towards democracy.
           | These counter-narratives provide a framework for opposition
           | and an agenda that opposition can rally around and unify on.
        
             | trashtester wrote:
             | I think all ideologies you list support your thesis. These
             | are all examples of counter-ideologies. All of them have
             | also led to ideological wars, including some of the most
             | bloody conflicts in history.
             | 
             | But there are counterexamples. The Scientific Revolution
             | grew out of Christianity more gradually, and with somewhat
             | less friction. Although the Church did try to fight back,
             | the output of the scientists was simply too valuable to
             | local populations and leaders to be suppressed.
             | 
             | Likewise, many countries saw royalty and nobility gradually
             | be replaced by the burgeoisie in a non-violoent manner. The
             | main exception, France, was a lot less successful in this.
             | 
             | Later on, while Marxism led to revolution in the Russian
             | Empire, the labor movement in northern Europe decided to
             | distance themselves from Marx, and instead work for the
             | proletariat by reform rather than revolution. Not by
             | attacking the burgeoisie, but rather by collaborating with
             | it, and by leveraging capitalism to fund a welfare state.
             | 
             | But then again, neither the burgeoisie or the labor
             | movement represented a fundamentally new ideology. Rather,
             | they both adopted and adapted the ideology already in
             | place, which was carredi by some combination of religion,
             | scientism and patriotism/nationalism. The ideologies DID
             | evolve, but in these cases, not in an abrupt manner,
             | dictated by a few "intellectual" ideologes. And most
             | importantly, they did not treat the pre-existing system as
             | a mortal enemy.
             | 
             | History will show where the new ideologies will lead. At
             | the momement, they seem to be very concerned with
             | identifying enemies and not very interested in compromise.
             | There seems to be more appetetite for conflict than the
             | world has seen since the 1930's, and it may be wise to
             | prepare for some kind of rupture within the next 5-30
             | years.
        
           | prossercj wrote:
           | How did you acquire the belief that it is better to consider
           | and weigh evidence? And on what scale are you weighing the
           | evidence? And where did you acquire that scale?
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | Let's be honest, most people don't have the time to weigh the
           | evidence of say 90% of their beliefs. They go to school &
           | watch television, and generally adopt the beliefs of their
           | surroundings.
           | 
           | And believing that religious believers accept 100% of
           | religious belief without reasoning about them is a
           | misunderstanding.
        
             | arp242 wrote:
             | The difference is that there is usually at least the
             | presumption or expectation of evidence, even though many
             | don't know all the details. Don't expect me to be able to
             | explain all of cosmology or evolutionary history either,
             | but I do know enough to know that it's based on the best
             | available evidence available today. Mistakes do happen, and
             | are corrected.
             | 
             | With religion, there is no such presumption or expectation.
             | 
             | These are vastly different situations.
        
             | chakkepolja wrote:
             | > And believing that religious believers accept 100% of
             | religious belief without reasoning about them is a
             | misunderstanding.
             | 
             | Had they reasoned about them, most 2000 year old customs
             | would have hardly survived.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | They reason within the framework of those ideas. If you
               | accept a religious text is accurate and find an obvious
               | contradiction then rather than rejecting the religious
               | text you're going to try and justify both statements as
               | true.
               | 
               | So if Osiris was said to have red hair in one passage and
               | was blond in another then they may have been referring to
               | different people, one statement was a metaphor, he has
               | hair of both colors at the same time, he had each at
               | different ages, he dyes his hair at some point, etc. And
               | of course people feel such ideas are worth fighting over.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | I've been told bad things would happen to me if I stick my
             | head in a hungry lion's mouth. I've never tried it to
             | verify. Is not-sticking-my-head-into-the-mouth-of-a-hungry-
             | lionism a religion?
             | 
             | There is a difference between belief and faith.
        
             | colordrops wrote:
             | People have plenty of time, they just don't have the
             | motivation.
        
             | pdonis wrote:
             | _> most people don't have the time to weigh the evidence of
             | say 90% of their beliefs._
             | 
             | Most of the "beliefs" you refer to actually don't _have_ to
             | be beliefs at all. They have no practical consequences;
             | they don 't change anything about what the person who
             | claims to have them actually _does_. Such beliefs don 't
             | have to have their evidence weighed because they make no
             | practical difference. When people say they "believe" them,
             | they don't mean they're actually using them to decide their
             | actions; they are just signaling.
             | 
             | For most beliefs that _do_ have practical consequences,
             | people _do_ weigh evidence for them. However, this does
             | suggest a clarification to the characteristics I gave for
             | religions and ideologies: that they start from beliefs that
             | are in the  "don't have practical consequences, so saying
             | you believe them is just signaling" category, but then use
             | them to justify beliefs that are in the "do have practical
             | consequences, so should be judged by weighing evidence"
             | category.
        
               | tonymet wrote:
               | This 90% figure includes core beliefs of the world, right
               | and wrong, history, epistemology and so on.
        
               | savingsPossible wrote:
               | This was interesting, but also somewhat paradoxical.
               | 
               | A belief that does not affect your actions, but implies
               | or causes a belief that does affect your actions. Well,
               | that does affect your actions. :)
               | 
               | But serioulsly, joke aside, that was an interesting
               | concept
        
             | pdonis wrote:
             | _> believing that religious believers accept 100% of
             | religious belief without reasoning about them is a
             | misunderstanding._
             | 
             | I didn't say anything about religions and ideologies not
             | using reasoning. Anyone who has read, say, Thomas Aquinas
             | is perfectly aware that religious people can use all kinds
             | of complicated reasoning to justify their beliefs.
             | 
             | What I _did_ say is that the set of beliefs in question are
             | "all asserted as justification for each other in what
             | amounts to a logical circle". For example, Thomas Aquinas
             | spent a lot of time building up a huge edifice of
             | interlocking propositions about God, all logically related
             | to each other--but they don't connect to anything else.
             | They're just a free-standing, self-consistent logical
             | structure that can't be justified in any way except by
             | claiming that it justifies itself. It's not that Aquinas
             | didn't use reasoning; as noted above, he did--lots of it.
        
               | AmericanChopper wrote:
               | The munchausen trilemma undermines the concept of
               | "weighing the evidence". Everything anybody believes to
               | be true is either founded upon circular reasoning, a
               | reasoning of infinite regression, or an arbitrary set of
               | unprovable axioms. The consequence is that any level of
               | belief in any truth can only be based upon faith. People
               | who believe that their world view is based entirely upon
               | facts and universal truths tend to have a very hard time
               | accepting this. They will often say that scrutinizing
               | something to that level is a pointless waste of time for
               | things that are so obviously true, which is perhaps
               | ironically the exact behaviour also exhibited by the most
               | closed minded of the true believers that they often find
               | themselves so frustrated by.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | " They're just a free-standing, self-consistent logical
               | structure that can't be justified in any way except by
               | claiming that it justifies itself. It's not that Aquinas
               | didn't use reasoning; as noted above, he did--lots of
               | it."
               | 
               | Interestingly, this also describes all of math, logic,
               | and philosophy.
               | 
               | One of the more interesting axioms or assertions is
               | whether there exists free will, which is, by any
               | interesting definition, a supernatural entity.
        
               | guntars wrote:
               | > Interestingly, this also describes all of math, logic,
               | and philosophy.
               | 
               | Which is totally fine, as long as people accept that God
               | exists the same way math exists.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | Yes, and ancient Christians asserted that God is love.
               | 
               | Many do accept that love exists in the same way math
               | exists.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> free will, which is, by any interesting definition, a
               | supernatural entity_
               | 
               | How so? I can think of at least one interesting
               | definition by which free will is a perfectly good
               | physical process going on in human brains, not
               | supernatural at all.
        
               | orestarod wrote:
               | Free will implies non determinism, that is the important
               | part.
        
               | BackBlast wrote:
               | I see the example you related, and by using it as a
               | proxy... It seems that you are saying that religious
               | beliefs aren't really valid because they aren't based in
               | reality.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> It seems that you are saying that religious beliefs
               | aren 't really valid because they aren't based in
               | reality._
               | 
               | For the specific example I gave (Thomas Aquinas), it's
               | not really a question of the beliefs being "valid" or
               | not; it's just that they have no practical impact at all,
               | which means it doesn't really matter whether you believe
               | them or not, at least not if the beliefs are taken in
               | isolation.
               | 
               | However, it _is_ a problem if people then try to use such
               | beliefs to justify actions that _do_ have practical
               | impact. For example, consider the split between different
               | branches of Christianity after the Council of Chalcedon
               | over  "homoousios" vs. "homoiousios", which caused
               | several wars over the next few centuries.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | > it's just that they have no practical impact at all,
               | 
               | That's funny because a system that kept a civilization
               | together for 1000 years is being claimed to have "no
               | value" by someone who has no idea how to keep any society
               | together and is mimicking the conventional wisdom of
               | those overseeing a disintegrating society as a result of
               | this ignorance.
               | 
               | Not only does the work of Aquinas have value, it has more
               | value over the long run than anything being produced
               | today, as no ethical system that we hold dear has a
               | chance of keeping anything going for even three
               | generations, let alone 100. Modern society is suffering
               | from collapsing birthrates and social disintegration at
               | an alarming rate, and we are pretending to be smarter
               | than those who set the rules of a civilization that was
               | far more stable and productive than our own, with far
               | more profound accomplishments.
        
               | bserge wrote:
               | Good old "the world is going to shit".
               | 
               | The simple reality is that it's always been this way and
               | will likely be this way for a long time.
        
               | mdiesel wrote:
               | I've been fascinated listening to a podcast on the
               | History of Rome (highly recommend). Rome wasn't built in
               | a day, but also the fall of the empire was a period of
               | about 300 years during which Rome itself was still called
               | the "eternal city".
               | 
               | Not saying this as proof that the world is definitely
               | going to shit, the point is that it I don't think we've
               | achieved some new level of eternal civilisation that
               | couldn't possibly fail. Every civilisation believed that
               | right up until the point it stopped being true, so we
               | should be on the look out for threats and not assume it
               | will all end up OK.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > That's funny because a system that kept a civilization
               | together for 1000 years is being claimed to have "no
               | value" by someone who has no idea how to keep any society
               | together and is mimicking the conventional wisdom of
               | those overseeing a disintegrating society as a result of
               | this ignorance.
               | 
               | Value changes with time. Horse whips had a lot of value
               | at one time. Now, not so much.
               | 
               | Religion is prevalent in many societies, and it isn't the
               | same religion. This talk of the value of aquinas ignores
               | the fact that all his reasoning only really applied to
               | christian religions. Yet other religions without deities
               | or with many of them provided the same social structures
               | christianity has.
               | 
               | Consider, for example, China. Just as old and grand as
               | European civilization with a religion mostly focused on
               | the mandate of heaven given to their leaders.
               | 
               | Now consider modern China, which is an atheist state
               | that's been thriving. Certainly, not without problems,
               | but it's hard to argue their civilization hasn't become a
               | major world power.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> a system that kept a civilization together for 1000
               | years_
               | 
               | The fact that most people in a given civilization were
               | Christians does not mean that the particular religious
               | beliefs I was talking about were the ones that kept the
               | civilization together. In fact, as the example I gave of
               | religious wars over "homoousios" vs. "homoiousios"
               | illustrates, those particular beliefs often caused
               | problems that created huge rifts in the civilization.
               | 
               |  _> someone who has no idea how to keep any society
               | together_
               | 
               | If you are referring to me, I have no idea what you are
               | talking about.
               | 
               |  _> Not only does the work of Aquinas have value_
               | 
               | I guess we'll just have to agree to disagree about that,
               | at least as far as the particular beliefs I was referring
               | to are concerned, since that's the particular work of
               | Aquinas that I was discussing.
               | 
               |  _> no ethical system that we hold dear has a chance of
               | keeping anything going for even three generations, let
               | alone 100_
               | 
               | Ethical systems are not the same as the kinds of
               | religious beliefs I was talking about. Ethical systems
               | have practical consequences that can be tested. I agree
               | with you that many people today appear to have ethical
               | systems that don't work well; we know that because they
               | have bad practical consequences.
               | 
               | However, when you talk about keeping things going for 100
               | generations, we don't have any single ethical system that
               | has done that. Ethical systems have changed many times
               | over the course of human history.
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | Indeed ethical systems have changed throughout the
               | lifespan of a religion. Religions are not set in stone
               | and change more than what most religious people are
               | willing to admit.
        
               | snypox wrote:
               | For example, people used to believe the Book of Genesis
               | literally, and now (I believe) most denominations take it
               | allegorically. I wonder how many similar stories like
               | that will we have in the future.
               | 
               | For me, it always felt like the interpretation of the
               | Holy Books are changing through time as we understand
               | science more and more. And it feels ironic to me.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | Jewish Old Testament scholars haven't taken Genesis
               | literally for more than 2 millennia.
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | That's true. But even leaving science aside, and focusing
               | only on non-falsifiable aspects of human ethics, there
               | are many examples such as slavery where Christianity for
               | example has changed over time quite radically (and not
               | even linearly)
        
               | snypox wrote:
               | I asked about slavery in Reddit's DebateAChristian forum.
               | Most Christians say that those part of the Bible needs to
               | be understood in the context of those times where debt
               | slavery was quite common and not considered evil. So we
               | can't apply today's morality there. Well, at least these
               | were the most common answers I got. There were also a
               | person who told me that what "moral"/"good" means is
               | _completely_ subjective (which is true to some extent),
               | so I should not judge Exodus 21.
        
               | orestarod wrote:
               | Religious people asking others to judge the Word Of God
               | by whatever standards humans happened to have at the time
               | the books were written is an implicit acceptance that
               | their religion is completely made up. What happened, God
               | Changed their mind in the meantime?
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | FWIW, slavery in antiquity was rarely purely a "racial"
               | thing. You became slave because of losing a war, which
               | often was waged in response to some a refusal to just pay
               | some reason indecent amount of taxes or whatever one side
               | insisted was "due".
               | 
               | Surely all christians today believe that tricking
               | somebody with dubious pretexts into debt-based slavery
               | (as often happens with human trafficking of sex workers,
               | where women have to formally pay up their debts and
               | incurring the costs that they captors incur in hosting
               | them in sub-human conditions).
        
               | splithalf wrote:
               | Indeed they change more than their zealous detractors,
               | whose rigid mindsets cannot update priors despite
               | abundant evidence contradicting their sacred beliefs,
               | namely that the pious and meek are to be looked down
               | upon, either pitied or scorned.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | >The fact that most people in a given civilization were
               | Christians //
               | 
               | It's somewhat orthogonal to your argument, but I'd doubt
               | that most people in "Christian countries" (which is a
               | heterodox notion) are/were Christians. Mostly people in
               | the past seem to have followed a societal model, largely
               | imposed as a firm of control.
               | 
               | Where I grew up in the UK the village vicar was not a
               | Christian according to most definitions (they didn't
               | believe in central tenets of the faith as espoused in all
               | the main creeds).
               | 
               | Catholicism has a lot of things that are contradictory to
               | biblical Christianity from basic things like having
               | "special" people, to indulgences which are so
               | contradictory to biblical teachings the only possibly way
               | they were accepted is because most people were ignorant
               | to Scripture. And of course those in power keenly
               | maintained that ignorance.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | https://www.catholic.com/tract/primer-on-indulgences
               | 
               | The powerful hoping to keep people ignorant seems like
               | conspiracy/folklore.
        
               | gattilorenz wrote:
               | > Catholicism has a lot of things that are contradictory
               | to biblical Christianity
               | 
               | That's only true if you consider the Bible as the only
               | source of revelation, which is not the case for
               | Catholics, where Tradition is equally important.
        
               | nzmsv wrote:
               | > Ethical systems are not the same as the kinds of
               | religious beliefs I was talking about. Ethical systems
               | have practical consequences that can be tested.
               | 
               | Good luck testing one of the currently accepted "ethical
               | system"-type religious beliefs.
               | 
               | The only kind of outcome of such a test that is "allowed"
               | is full agreement with the ethical system. A lot of these
               | systems are just as self-reinforcing and barely based in
               | reality as Christian apologetics of Aquinas or
               | Chesterton. The people holding these beliefs know this on
               | some subconscious level and will viciously attack anyone
               | who disagrees. It is only over time with many such
               | "attacks" that a mass belief will die and be replaced by
               | another one.
               | 
               | In fact, every one of these "ethical" religious beliefs
               | came about the same way: it defeated another commonly
               | agreed upon dogma.
               | 
               | This mechanism by the way is what runs civilization. One
               | meme fighting another.
        
               | u8mybrownies wrote:
               | In my experience having been near many church splits I
               | still feel this simply isn't true. Churches operate like
               | git forks and merges of ideas.
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _First, people don 't acquire the beliefs by considering
           | and weighing evidence; they acquire them by being told them,
           | usually at a young age, by people they trust, and making them
           | part of their identity. That's why people are so resistant to
           | changing such beliefs.
           | 
           | Second, the set of beliefs acquired in this way is not just a
           | few isolated ones, but a whole network of beliefs that cover
           | every aspect of life and are all asserted as justification
           | for each other in what amounts to a logical circle._
           | 
           | Those two hold for, say roughly, 90% of what most people
           | believe, secular or not.
           | 
           | Even most scientific theories people believe, they haven't
           | examined and are incapable of following their theories and
           | experiements personally - they were just being told they are
           | truth and they trust it to be so.
           | 
           | (Heck, most people are even incapable of deriving the math
           | answers somebody like Archimedes or Pythagoras arrived at 2.5
           | milenia ago, and all they know of a work as basic as Newton's
           | is that there was some falling apple involved, or, if they
           | really paid attention at school, that f=ma).
        
             | j4yav wrote:
             | This idea that science and technology is just another
             | random religion is so frustrating, but I encounter it
             | online way more often than I would expect. I don't need to
             | personally review and understand the details of why
             | electricity and the internet work, because I am literally
             | typing this message on an electronic device and sending it
             | via the internet. No faith needed, and anyway.. I can go
             | build a simple computer and prove it all out myself. The
             | nature of the trinity, or sorting out whether hell exists
             | or not and which religions are going there for which
             | behaviors, is just a totally different endeavor.
             | 
             | Which is not to say that philosophy or religion are
             | pursuits that should be banned or are worthless. I am just
             | tired of the overused rhetorical trick of muddying the
             | waters between them to confuse people and win arguments on
             | the internet.
        
               | everdrive wrote:
               | I think there's an important distinction to be made here,
               | as I've had a lot of the same frustrations as you.
               | Science itself is genuinely NOT religious, and can truly
               | be used to understand the nature of the world, and make
               | practical use of that understanding.
               | 
               | But, if it's true that man is a religious animal, it's
               | going to mean that people will always take a religious
               | bent on any major topic in their lives. And so the way
               | that many people experience and understand science may in
               | fact have religious qualities, but this is actually going
               | to be true of any major topic in people's lives.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | The argument is not that the science is same as religion.
               | 
               | The argument is that individuals dont rationally
               | objectively verify or figure out every experiment and
               | scientific claim. I stead, we all rely on trust to
               | institutions and processes to tell us how it is.
               | 
               | Which is how it is. Most people dont even know how
               | science actually work beyond elementary school level of
               | simplification. And even if you actually do science as a
               | job, you know only small part of it relying on trust
               | everywhere else.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Trust develops over time. We can trust scientific
               | institutions because of past successes and how their
               | construction promotes future successes. Scientific
               | institutions are also constrained in their function. It
               | is not the case that all forms of trusting institutions
               | are intellectually equal.
        
               | j4yav wrote:
               | Yes, and my response is that the average person doesn't
               | rationally need to intellectually revalidate every
               | scientific and technological fact from first principles
               | because we are surrounded by overwhelming evidence, and
               | that highlighting that not everyone has done that is not
               | actually all that clever or relevant if you think about
               | it. No faith in shadowy institutions is required to see
               | the facts of technological and scientific progress all
               | around me.
        
               | foolinaround wrote:
               | the person of faith would also counter you with
               | 'overwhelming evidence' of what God is doing for him...
               | 
               | sometimes, this evidence is just subjective, at other
               | times, it is clear and can be measured.
               | 
               | Another analogy that I have heard is that 'magic' is when
               | one is just wowed by what they see without being able to
               | understand how it happens. Apple products bring that
               | 'magic' though it can all be explained away in technical
               | terms if one tried.
        
               | j4yav wrote:
               | What is the (sometimes) clear and measurable evidence of
               | what god has done for someone?
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | For some, it is clear that this brief moment of
               | consciousness is an amazing gift.
               | 
               | Soon our bodies will go back to the dust that we began
               | as:)
        
               | j4yav wrote:
               | I agree, but how do you measure that though? Or prove
               | that it isn't an incredible thing regardless of if it was
               | given to you by god?
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | Well, things I think about:
               | 
               | -this 'Universe' (seems to me) is so incredibly
               | intelligible and information rich (information theory
               | rise, e.g. entropy timeline of the observable universe).
               | 
               | -there seems to be something rather than nothing
               | 
               | -there doesn't seem to be anything that happens without a
               | cause (except, it seems to me, our will).
               | 
               | These seem to be important data points... :)
        
               | greycol wrote:
               | The problem is your clear and measurable points don't
               | actually point to a god. If you see some meaning in them
               | that enriches your life that's great but they don't
               | really count as evidence to those outside your religion
               | (except perhaps when they also claim it as 'evidence' of
               | their flavour of goddess).
               | 
               | 1. Your brain/body evolved to interpret this richness in
               | a universe that is unintelligible to us a conscious brain
               | that evolved in that universe would almost certainly view
               | those unintelligible to us rules as intelligible lest
               | there be no purpose to that consciousness. Our brains
               | also quite demonstrably processes unintelligible (to us)
               | things as intelligible when they are not.
               | 
               | 2. This is true in any universe where someone is around
               | to point out that something exists and is a priori with
               | or without creator beings.
               | 
               | 3. Our will is either deterministic (happens with a
               | cause) or it is not. In the case that it is deterministic
               | we can ignore this example (which personally is my view).
               | In the case it is not then the non deterministic part is
               | reduced to the result of quantum coin flips altering the
               | result in the larger scale world. Assuming so there are
               | two possibilities either everything else is also
               | happening at that level without a cause (which is counter
               | to your point that it is only will that behaves this way)
               | or the quantum coin flips are in some way deterministic
               | which means so is will.
        
               | zosima wrote:
               | And then you have done validation of some of the
               | proposition of modern science and technology.
               | 
               | But quite a lot "science" can not verified in the same
               | manner as some physics, math, chemistry and biology can.
               | 
               | And to go from the fact that some science is verifiable
               | and then conclude that everything which tries to take on
               | the label science or follow similar rituals to the
               | verifiable sciences, also deserves the same respect is
               | quite a long jump.
               | 
               | In fact "science" or scientism seems to be one of the
               | more dangerous religions nowadays, as the rituals of
               | peer-review, papers and conferences, holy institutions
               | like universities and sacraments of tenure and ph.d are
               | very easy to adopt without being even remotely verifiable
               | (or even slightly rational).
        
               | j4yav wrote:
               | Some (most even that is relevant day to day?) is quite
               | easy to validate and yet we still have flat-Earthers.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | Note that a lot of the flat earth stuff is a large troll
               | to make people mad, crazy stuff comes out of 4chan...
        
               | ttt0 wrote:
               | > This idea that science and technology is just another
               | random religion is so frustrating
               | 
               | That's not my idea, take it to people who are treating
               | science as such. You know, "believe the science" crowd,
               | that will just take at face value whatever media happens
               | to say at the time.
               | 
               | Electricity and the internet are out of scope for
               | religion. Religion is closer to humanist subjects,
               | sociology, psychology, ethics etc.
        
               | RichardCA wrote:
               | When Ben Franklin invented the lightning rod, he had to
               | be persuasive enough to get people to believe that
               | electricity wasn't just a parlor trick you do with a
               | glass rod and a silk scarf. It's also how clouds create
               | lightning, and the fundamental forces are the same.
               | 
               | You have to remember in the 18th century, lightning
               | killed a lot of people. The fact that lightning rods did,
               | in fact, do what Franklin said they would do was
               | persuasive evidence.
               | 
               | I'm not an expert on the history of Ben Franklin, so I
               | don't know if he ever had to explain that lightning
               | doesn't exist to provide divine retribution. But he did
               | have to get each local church to allow a lightning rod on
               | the steeple with a proper connection to grounding, so I'm
               | sure there were some interesting conversations.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _This idea that science and technology is just another
               | random religion is so frustrating, but I encounter it
               | online way more often than I would expect._
               | 
               | Well, "frustrating" is not a scientific argument itself,
               | it's a subjective feeling. More like what a faithful
               | would feel against blasphemy. Isn't it at least a little
               | ironic?
               | 
               | > _I don't need to personally review and understand the
               | details of why electricity and the internet work, because
               | I am literally typing this message on an electronic
               | device and sending it via the internet._
               | 
               | Which is neither here, nor there. You still need to trust
               | tons of abstractions you can't evaluate and don't
               | control, the claims of experts and snake-oil salesmen,
               | the policy of goverments, the products and initiatives of
               | corporations, advertising, statistical data, etc. all of
               | which are telling you they're "based on science" but
               | nonetheless contain loads of p-hacking, cherry-picking,
               | bad methodology, non-reproducable BS, and downright
               | snake-oil selling, to the point of often doing the
               | opposite of what actual concrete science would advise.
               | 
               | The fact that you have some artifacts you can use just
               | tells you that science can produce concrete things.
               | Doesn't tell you evaluate different courses of action,
               | evaluate science results and scientists, understand
               | science-drive policy decisions, and so on.
               | 
               | > _I can go build a simple computer and prove it all out
               | myself._
               | 
               | 99.999% of the people can't and never will (practically,
               | not merely potentially). So for them it's more like the
               | junkie saying "I can quit heroin anytime I want, I'm not
               | addicted".
        
               | j4yav wrote:
               | Science and technology would not be able to produce
               | concrete things if understanding it was practically
               | beyond 99.999% of people or if it was remotely nearly as
               | fundamentally corrupt as you are describing.
        
               | thu2111 wrote:
               | "Science and technology" are a vague abstraction. What
               | people mean when they describe science as becoming a
               | religion is more specific - they're using "science" as a
               | shorthand for academic institutions specifically and the
               | various maladies that go along with that, maladies like:
               | 
               | - The reproducibility crisis in social sciences
               | 
               | - The floods of BS coming out of public health research,
               | a crisis for which we don't even have a name yet
               | 
               | - The journals who only care about impact and not about
               | scientific integrity
               | 
               | - Politicians who appear to be completely controlled by
               | modellers who never validate their models and whose
               | predictions are always wrong
               | 
               | - People who are instinctively loyal to that whole set of
               | power structures and rituals, such that they dismiss any
               | claim of scientific misconduct as conspiracy theories, as
               | ignorance, etc.
               | 
               | and so on. The fact that certain fields of study and
               | other parts of society have been able to use the
               | scientific method to produce concrete things doesn't
               | automatically imply that _all_ (so-called) scientists do
               | so, and given the proliferation of scientific fields that
               | produce nothing concrete, doesn 't even imply the
               | majority do.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | The scientific method is just a tool of thought that
               | encompasses one subset of human interests.
               | 
               | For example, the scientific method has little to no
               | utility about whether your grandma loves you, or what
               | love is even.
               | 
               | Much of a life is built around areas of thought like
               | this. Politics, for example, is mostly preference.
        
               | kian wrote:
               | I would highly recommend "A General Theory of Love" as
               | the antidote to belief in the last example you gave. A
               | poetically beautiful book.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | It might be an antidote, if one asserts that humans are
               | just chemicals.
               | 
               | Many people believe in the assertion that there is free
               | will though, which is a supernatural belief.
               | 
               | If we are just chemicals, than those that believe there
               | exists free will believe that out of no volition of their
               | own.
               | 
               | E.g. the laws of physics happened to be tuned for the
               | eventual existence of a cloud of atoms seeming to
               | contemplate this on a HN forum ;)
               | 
               | In either case, both seem amazing.
        
             | hellotomyrars wrote:
             | A layperson doesn't need to be able to reproduce
             | mathematical proofs to understand something that is obvious
             | and material in front of them that is explained by the
             | proof.
        
             | pdonis wrote:
             | _> Those two hold for, say roughly, 90% of what most people
             | believe, secular or not_
             | 
             | See my response to tonymet upthread.
             | 
             |  _> Even most scientific theories people believe, they
             | haven 't examined and are incapable of following their
             | theories and experiements personally - they were just being
             | told they are truth and they trust it to be so._
             | 
             | For some theories that are called "scientific", yes, this
             | is true--but that's because the scientists themselves don't
             | have a track record of correct experimental predictions to
             | begin with. (String theory, for example.)
             | 
             | But for theories like, say, General Relativity, there is a
             | huge track record of correct experimental predictions, and
             | those predictions include things in our everyday experience
             | now, like GPS. It's true that most people cannot verify for
             | themselves the entire chain of reasoning that leads from
             | the Einstein Field Equation to how their GPS device works,
             | but they know that GPS works from their personal
             | experience, so they know that whatever theory scientists
             | are using to make GPS work, works. They don't have to take
             | that on trust.
             | 
             | In other words, for scientific theories that actually have
             | practical impacts, you don't have to just accept what
             | scientists say on trust; you can look at their track record
             | of correct predictions.
        
               | amatic wrote:
               | > for scientific theories that actually have practical
               | impacts, you don't have to just accept what scientists
               | say on trust; you can look at their track record of
               | correct predictions
               | 
               | What do you think of economic theories or theories behind
               | psychotherapy? Lot's of real world impact, low confidence
               | in experiments, imo
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | Yep, you are correct. At some point "scientific theories"
               | become practical stuff.
               | 
               | One thing that's missing in a lot of books is: how sure
               | are we about the various statements? How much of it is
               | well tested (Newton, Einstein - though we still had a lot
               | of recent confirmation), how much is still out there
               | (example: BCS theory), how much of it is a "feel good
               | explanation" (hybridization theory) or how much is "the
               | math works out wonderfully if we ignore the skeletons in
               | the closet and the theory sounds a bit crazy" (QFT/QED)
        
         | flyingchipmann wrote:
         | It's so funny when people intentionally define anything as kind
         | of religion in order to fit their worldview. Take it this way,
         | scientific thinking/method is about a system to analyze. It can
         | be used analyze anything(yourself, math, religion). It's like a
         | function, where you put input data and try your best analyze
         | critically to get an reasonable output. And it can even be used
         | to analyze itself!(like higher order function). And sometimes u
         | produce solid results(maths, physics), sometimes u don't
         | (whether god exists). You start to learn what's scientifically
         | provable, what's not provable. There is a difference between
         | the process of analysis and analyzed results.
         | 
         | And that's where so called 'atheism is just a religion' got it
         | wrong. No, it's not about getting a result. Scientific method
         | is a way of processing information. It's about the process, not
         | the result. It's not about believe the god exist or not(the
         | result). It's about find out a way to prove (process). And it's
         | perfectly fine if u can't produce a solid proof(provability).
         | 'I don't know' is perfectly fine. You don't even have to
         | believe, use the scientific method to analyze, do you best to
         | deduce, and move on to the next topic. 'Religion' is just a
         | topic to study. If people can't really grasp how scientific
         | method and critical thinking works, they would never move past
         | 'to believe' or 'not to believe'.
        
           | BackBlast wrote:
           | You seem to believe that the scientific method and religion
           | are mutually exclusive.
           | 
           | I'm going to split out some terms here. Scientific Method,
           | Academic Science, and Secularism. The latter two are
           | connected to atheism, at least in this era, and are more in
           | line with ideologies and I do not desire to further address
           | or describe them in this post except to say that they do not
           | have a monopoly on the merits of the scientific method.
           | 
           | To speak of the method itself, which is religion agnostic
           | and, as you say, it is a function to provide information as
           | well as the ability to duplicate results. I would append that
           | applying the scientific method to religion works, and that
           | you can, indeed, learn as well as duplicate results through
           | it - as well as reject results that do not work.
           | 
           | A major challenge is that the resultant artifacts aren't
           | readily transferable or inspectable. Many secularists get
           | hung up on this and say it's an invalid application.
           | Essentially that only what the eye can see or the hand can
           | measure is real. I can't really show you my happiness, or
           | peace, or share with you the the depth of experience or
           | knowledge that heals and transforms. I can tell you about it,
           | about how Christ can lead you to peace. I can describe the
           | inputs and results, the complete formula, and then you can
           | walk it and experience the fruits first hand.
           | 
           | Another part of the challenge is that lack of transferability
           | also applies to the instrumentation. I can't provide you a
           | properly calibrated conscience, or the concept of true
           | humility before God like I could a measure of mass or
           | distance. It's all internal to you. Experimentation on that
           | is time consuming and difficult. Some people run experiments
           | with improperly calibrated instrumentation and then fail to
           | get the expected results.
        
             | flyingchipmann wrote:
             | You are putting words in my mouth. What I am saying is that
             | scientific method is way of thinking. If you have to
             | compare to religion. They are orthogonal. You can apply
             | scientific method and claims that you believe god exist.
             | Because you can't scientific prove otherwise. But at the
             | same time, you can apply scientific method and claims the
             | reverse, that you don't believe god exist. That's fine,
             | because you also can't prove otherwise. And surprise, you
             | can claim you don't know, which is also perfectly fine. The
             | most important part is you don't always arrive at some
             | certain conclusion, and that's fine.
             | 
             | Because it was not about result. Or rather, it's never
             | about the result. It's about the process, in same vain of
             | procedural justice. It's about finding the provability.
             | 
             | The thing is if you can't move past that you have to make a
             | result. Or the extreme, result is ignoble. That the process
             | of proving the utmost important part. You will never get
             | what scientific method is about. Just like your last
             | paragraph. Sure, there are so many theories. Maybe even
             | someone claimed that that harry porter is real! But why do
             | you have to believe or not to believe if you only care
             | about the process of proving and provability.
             | 
             | It's not about proving that the religious people are
             | wrong(or proving irreligious people are wrong). It's about
             | the fact that, for some people , they truly don't care
             | about the result or take the result itself so far as
             | undetermined (still care about the proving process though)
             | and moved past it.
        
           | DaedPsyker wrote:
           | I'm not an 'atheism is just a religion', I don't believe in
           | Gods, but I do think there secular ideologies. In the US
           | context, the civil religion, the notions of the constitution,
           | the military, and other institutions have take on a quasi-
           | religious nature. Founding myths that become a spirit
           | regardless of truthfulness.
           | 
           | In general, cult of personalities are clearly examples of
           | secular religion although one that can become supernatural in
           | the case of the Kim dynasty in North Korea.
           | 
           | Ceremonies and traditions that we continue because 'that is
           | just how it has always been done'. There isn't some binary
           | notion of you are religious or your rationalist, non
           | religious people can hold non-rationalist thought.
           | 
           | Personally I don't really understand what you're on about
           | with the scientific method, the parent didn't mention
           | anything on it.
        
             | flyingchipmann wrote:
             | I am trying to explain the difference between 'not relying
             | on belief' and 'believe the god doesn't exists' or 'believe
             | ** therefore it's also a religion'. Because what op does
             | seems to lump people to the latter. And that is what's
             | missing critically.
             | 
             | Because there is a clean distinction between athism(not
             | relying on belief) and antithesim. Scientific method is a
             | lens of analysis tool and it's beyond the framing of belief
             | as how religious people claims, or even how antithesim
             | people claims. Just like how I would explain the same to
             | the some antithesim group that science doesn't prove the
             | god don't exist. That's still a misuse of the tool of
             | scientific method. To believe the opposite is still a
             | belief, and missing the mark of the scientific method where
             | the most important part is the process not the result.
        
         | Haiatu wrote:
         | "One aspect of religion I appreciate is that these aspects are
         | well codified and debated - i.e. much more explicit."
         | 
         | They are not well debated in a sense that it would be called
         | reasonable in a normal and educated world. Thats why we call it
         | believe. Its much easier to say 'whats written in a book from
         | some people from some 2000 years ago is true' and start to
         | philosoph around it than actually not stoping questioning until
         | there is a real truth to it. My discussion with a very religios
         | person stoped after i realizied they are convinced that stuff
         | in that book is relevant and true and moving the debate of it
         | to 'our old people studied it and gave those learnings to
         | future people'.
         | 
         | Interesting to read that for you, becoming more religiuos made
         | you aware of other religious tendencies. For me it actually
         | started in school with discovering group dynamic and then after
         | that, questioning religion which lead me to being non religious
         | and i'm very very aware of how other cognitive biases and media
         | and co are forming us.
         | 
         | The biggest problem you might not understand in your world of
         | codified: 'the other believe system' is universal and doesn't
         | need to be codified its just that you might need to discover it
         | for yourself or accept the truth yourself.
         | 
         | Ah it sounds much more spirital than i wanted it to be.
         | Effectively my family/friends are normal good people. We don't
         | identify us through religion and we don't hurt each other. We
         | basically are all on the same planet, we know who birthed us
         | but we don't know why. Single wall of truth: the big bang.
         | Single simplest rule: Don't harm others / don't do things you
         | don't want others to do to you.
         | 
         | And actually, certain states have very well defined law books
         | which answers a ton of questions. Even slightly weirder ones
         | that if someone had an accident with a car, to a degree both
         | parties can be in fault. Its basically us wo build our believe
         | system through living together.
        
           | 7952 wrote:
           | An interesting thing to consider is that most religious
           | people do not really believe with much conviction. They can
           | clearly see that scripture is not literal truth and that
           | there is no scientific evidence. So religion becomes about
           | faith and faith becomes virtuous.
           | 
           | But a Roman citizen 2000 years ago didn't have _faith_. They
           | just _knew_ that God(s) exist. It was obvious, self-evident
           | and compelling. The greatest thinkers of the time really
           | believed.
           | 
           | Most Christians talk about faith and belief because that is
           | the only thing left that science hasn't overturned. Our
           | understanding of the world is dominated by science not
           | religion. We won (mostly).
        
         | hackyhacky wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | This is a poisonous reversal of reality, to the extent that I
         | wonder if you're just trolling.
         | 
         | Fact is, more religious people, especially the evangelical
         | Christian sect that is most vocal and influential in America,
         | is not about examining implicit beliefs, nor is it open to
         | debate. It's about falling into line, and adopting a strict set
         | of ideological beliefs that are not negotiable. In fact,
         | religion is often explained in terms of faith as an opposition
         | to analysis: after all, if your first principle is that you
         | believe in something, why question further?
         | 
         | In contrast, modern secular culture, although not immune to
         | tribalism and ideological blindness, is much more open to
         | building belief through analysis and understanding, i.e. the
         | scientific method.
        
           | remarkEon wrote:
           | >In contrast, modern secular culture, although not immune to
           | tribalism and ideological blindness, is much more open to
           | building belief through analysis and understanding, i.e. the
           | scientific method.
           | 
           | I think this was true, at a certain point in or for a window
           | of time, but it certainly isn't true today. There are well
           | known axioms that are not-to-be-challenged, and doing so
           | risks expulsion (i.e. Excommunication). So maybe what's
           | happening is Secularism is going through its own phase of
           | Fundamentalist Revival.
        
             | hackyhacky wrote:
             | That's certainly the way Fox News tries to portray
             | secularism. In my experience, it has no basis in reality.
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | There has to be a name for the rhetorical strategy that
               | goes something like "your opinions or observations are
               | sufficiently similar to media_influencer_I_dont_like
               | regardless of their actual origin, and thus I'm able to
               | discount what you are saying outright". Every time this
               | topic comes up, even when it's in a more interesting and
               | philosophical thread like this one, the Fox News bogyman
               | always gets trotted out. TFA is from ... _The Atlantic_ ,
               | if you haven't noticed.
        
               | hackyhacky wrote:
               | You are misinterpreting my comment. I am discounting
               | their comment because it does not correspond to my
               | experience at all, not because it comes from Fox News. I
               | am, instead, using Fox News to possibly explain the
               | origin of that opinion, since it certainly cannot come
               | from observation of reality.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | Did not intend to troll. The "cognitive tools" are the
           | ability to discern which beliefs are religious in nature:
           | taken on faith, ritualistic, ethical , etc.
           | 
           | Again I'm not saying that religion is better or worse.
           | Actually this is a defense of religion as a framework for
           | defining belief.
           | 
           | I'm arguing that secularism when taken on face value lacks
           | the tools to recognize it's own belief system.
        
             | conformist wrote:
             | It decidedly does not generally lack these tools. A main
             | point of many popular secular(ist) believe systems, e.g.
             | such represented by humanist societies, is to question
             | implicit assumptions and understand what fundamental
             | philosophical believes one has, and they are built around
             | how to do this.
             | 
             | People are often not secularist because they don't reflect,
             | usually they have specific reasons that they are aware of
             | and that they might question in the future.
        
             | samhain wrote:
             | I agree with the parent, you're argument almost appears
             | disingenuous to the point of looking like a troll or bait.
             | This perspective is substituting any belief with a
             | religious belief which is a false equivalency. It's
             | unfortunate that the grandparent is the top comment right
             | now.
        
               | tonymet wrote:
               | Can you share profound beliefs that you don't believe are
               | religious in nature?
               | 
               | I know trivial beliefs e.g. today was 85o - we can agree
               | that calling those religious would not be useful.
        
               | morelisp wrote:
               | The Church-Turing thesis? That ZFC is consistent? That
               | the driving force of history is primarily material
               | relations between groups?
        
               | samhain wrote:
               | Check your original comment. You did not qualify that
               | only "profound secular beliefs" are religious in nature.
               | Rather, you speak in general saying "secular beliefs are
               | religious." So now you're moving the goal posts.
               | 
               | Using your original logic, -any- belief can be religious
               | in nature. "Today was 85" -is- religious from your
               | original position because perhaps people ritualistically
               | check the weather every morning like a prayer. The
               | weathermen are like priests disseminating knowledge, and
               | small talk is used to find other weather checker
               | cultists.
               | 
               | It does not matter what belief Id offer up, because it
               | will match your original definition because your original
               | definition is so broad as to be meaningless. Other
               | comments have already said this in fewer words. If you
               | are unable to identify what it would look like if you
               | were mistaken, then you shouldn't be confident that you
               | are correct. So how could someone identify the difference
               | between a secular belief and a religious belief?
        
             | vincent-toups wrote:
             | "I'm arguing that secularism when taken on face value lacks
             | the tools to recognize it's own belief system."
             | 
             | Truly a bonkers assertion when secularism includes enormous
             | institutions to fund and perform tasks as various as the
             | hard sciences to the most abstract philosophical
             | investigations and the entire gamut of cultural production
             | around and between.
             | 
             | The average person doesn't much participate in these
             | institutions but the average Catholic hasn't read Humanea
             | Vitae either.
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | I don't think that's necessarily true though. Religion is
         | synthetic: it's practice, it's discipline and existence is
         | rooted in how easily it can be synthesized in different
         | communities. Man can exist without knowledge of God: that's the
         | very premise that fueled colonialism and, to an extent,
         | feudalism.
        
         | DrBazza wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | Are you saying science method is a secular ideology then?
         | Nothing else is required to analyse, understand and explain the
         | world around us. Nothing.
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | Just wanted to say thanks for everyone who participated it was
         | a really interesting discussion and example of "apologetics"
         | bordering between religious and secular belief. I learned a lot
         | from people.
         | 
         | I saw a few comments interpreting the last line as snarky or
         | condescending. I just meant that my experience helped equip me
         | with tools to understand the world better, like learning a new
         | language or programming language does. There are other paths
         | e.g. through philosophy that many seculars pursue as well.
        
         | Tainnor wrote:
         | > The secular world would benefit from adopting more formal
         | definitions of their belief system.
         | 
         | It's called (analytic) philosophy.
        
         | amcoastal wrote:
         | While your points are good your last paragraph projects a lot
         | of weaknesses onto your readers. Do you believe you're the
         | first person to come up with these points and realize them? Or
         | perhaps that someone could have taken an opposite approach of
         | yours -- moving from very religious to non-religious and can
         | see the same behaviors? And then you continue to assume the
         | only way forward is to perpetrate that behavior.
         | 
         | All while claiming other people don't have the cognitive tools
         | you do. I'm amazed this comment didn't get downvoted.
        
           | hitekker wrote:
           | I don't think the GP's intent was to project his own
           | superiority. Rather, if we're unable to use mythologies as a
           | metaphor for the human experience, that is, for our self-
           | expression, we are not as smart nor as strong as we fashion
           | ourselves to be.
        
           | u8mybrownies wrote:
           | I read the last paragraph analytically, as in the Sapir Whorf
           | hypothesis. It can be difficult to identify that one is in a
           | religion if one assumes that it will call itself one. In this
           | case, missing the "cognitive tools" could be a precise way of
           | describing the shortcoming.
        
           | roenxi wrote:
           | Being religious isn't a weakness, it is an inevitability. A
           | human mind is very limited and not up to the challenge of
           | understanding everything - people have to accept most of
           | their knowledge through social proof. Once social proof is
           | involved religious-looking structures evolve rapidly. It
           | isn't a matter of having or not having cognitive tools, it is
           | that the tools necessary to avoid faith and community can't
           | exist. At least without a level of change that shatters what
           | it means to be human.
        
             | kazoomonger wrote:
             | That is a bad definition of religion. I will accept a field
             | of study's conclusions in the absence of time myself to
             | investigate. However, if it turns out that field is
             | incorrect (say with the reproducibility crisis), then I
             | won't "have faith" and believe anyways. In other words,
             | belief != faith, and I'm willing to update my beliefs based
             | on new evidence.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | > while claiming other people don't have the cognitive tools
           | you do. I'm amazed this comment didn't get downvoted.
           | 
           | it's the HN psuedo-intellectualism. Most HN readers tend to
           | believe in their above-average intelligence, and that their
           | view point comes from a place of rationalism and superior
           | intellectual capability to analyse the world.
           | 
           | I myself, also fall into this category.
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | What bonafides are needed to think ?
        
         | dqpb wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | Religion has one fundamental cognitive device - faith. It's not
         | a tool, it's malware.
        
         | tomjen3 wrote:
         | >If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | That is Marxist false consciousness and should not be brought
         | up in a debate.
         | 
         | As for the difference between the two, for me a religious
         | belief is one that is without evidence, a non religious belief
         | is one that has some evidence for it, even if it is still wrong
         | (e.g if you believe in the misama theory and so avoid stinking
         | food you are less likely to catch a food born illness).
         | 
         | I do agree without you that it would be better if we adopted
         | some better understanding of the secular beliefs, but that
         | would also cause a lot of infighting because not everybody who
         | hates the current system wants to replace it with the same and
         | they may hate each other more than they hate the current
         | system.
         | 
         | As an example: Malcom X and MLK. They didn't want to be under
         | the boot of Jim Crow. They disagreed about what they wanted and
         | how to get there.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | > The secular world would benefit from adopting more formal
         | definitions of their belief system. I think that would reduce
         | the conflict and neurosis that comes from engaging a nebulous
         | system.
         | 
         | If it did that, it wouldn't be able to use it a source of
         | social control. What we have is a society of true believers,
         | that's why they can't see it as a religion, it's just reality
         | to them. I really don't think you can be a true believer and
         | call your religion anything but "reality," especially a
         | "religion."
         | 
         | Anyway, there have been some attempts at documenting American
         | religion:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_civil_religion
         | 
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | I think there are still a few people who aren't religious and I
         | don't really think your criterion here is the most useful. It
         | just begs the question.
        
         | TomSwirly wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | Such an ego!
         | 
         | "I alone know the truth about the universe! The rest of you are
         | lacking in cognitive tools, i.e, stupid."
        
         | simondw wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted
         | 
         | Or maybe you have a different definition of "religious" than I
         | do? But no, it must be that I lack the right cognitive tools.
         | Sheesh.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | There is a different and better way to put this: most people
           | are completely unaware of the foundation of irrational
           | nonsense that their worldview is based on. (yes, even, or
           | especially so if they base their worldview on rationality)
           | 
           | If you are a member of a religion, the things you have
           | "faith" in are right there in front of your awareness. If you
           | don't have religion, the metaphysics/mythos/philosophy your
           | reality is based on is often never acknowledged. The "super
           | rational" can be the worst at denying this and best at
           | handwaving away anything that doesn't fit into their sense of
           | reason.
        
             | p_j_w wrote:
             | >most people are completely unaware of the foundation of
             | irrational nonsense that their worldview is based on
             | 
             | Maybe I live in some kind of intellectual bubble, but me
             | and the vast majority of my atheist friends are all too
             | aware of the fact that the rationality ends at some point,
             | so I've gotta disagree with this pretty hard. In fact, I'd
             | be hard pressed to find anyone I know personally who thinks
             | it's rational all the way down.
        
               | tonymet wrote:
               | can you elaborate on this? This is the kind of
               | philosophical analysis that I think most secular thinkers
               | lack. I know there are rigorous atheists who are capable
               | of understanding their ideology, but they are few
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | When I finally sat down and read the entire Bible, one thing
         | that jumped out at me again and again is how often it warns
         | against idolatry.
         | 
         | When you start to see the level of obsession people have over
         | certain topics, it's hard to call it anything else.
        
         | wolfretcrap wrote:
         | From my person experience, religious people have scammed/hurt
         | me to the most in life and business.
        
           | meowster wrote:
           | I don't know what happened, but did religion make them do it,
           | or did bad people use religion as an excuse?
        
             | chakkepolja wrote:
             | Religious people often think they are righteous as long as
             | they follow set rules of their religion. They are not often
             | very smart either.
             | 
             | Just to note that preistocracy tends to be corrupt in
             | almost all religions.
        
           | d0100 wrote:
           | Considering the sheer amount of religious people, this would
           | hold true for most people
           | 
           | This also makes it a less important
        
         | Angostura wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | That sounds like twaddle. It could just be that the person
         | recognises their secular ideology - and knows that it doesn't
         | constitute a religion.
        
         | betterunix2 wrote:
         | "Few people understand that most religions e.g. Judaism and
         | Christianity have an apologetic discipline - a deliberate arm
         | open to debate."
         | 
         | Just want to point out that Jewish apologetics is not the same
         | as Christian apologetics. Christian apologists are working in
         | furtherance of the Christian goal of converting everyone to
         | Christianity. Jewish apologists are working only to prevent
         | other Jews from being swayed by the arguments made by other
         | religions (primarily those from Christian missionaries, who
         | often target Jews specifically).
         | 
         | That aside, what makes you think apologetics represents an
         | openness to debate? I cannot speak for Christians, but Jewish
         | apologetics only exists because other groups are trying to lead
         | Jews to conversion to another faith, and apologetics holds
         | little value within the framework of Judaism itself. What non-
         | Jews think of Judaism is irrelevant because proselytizing is
         | not a requirement (it is not forbidden, but it is also not
         | encouraged and conversion is a deliberately difficult process).
         | Judaism certainly has an openness to debate, but the debate is
         | within Judaism itself -- what is the right way to practice the
         | Jewish religion? What is the right way to interpret and
         | understand Jewish holy books? Judaism is not open to debates
         | about the need for Jews to practice Judaism; the covenant
         | between Jews and God is an axiom.
        
           | rsj_hn wrote:
           | > Jewish apologists are working only to prevent other Jews
           | from being swayed by the arguments made by other religions
           | (primarily those from Christian missionaries, who often
           | target Jews specifically).
           | 
           | The Judaism when the Talmud was written was a fanatically
           | proselytizing sect, as is clear if you read the talmud. They
           | created seed outposts all over the Roman empire of new
           | converts, as they sought (and obtained) special dispensation
           | to be the only religion allowed to proselytize in ancient
           | Rome and they had an active missionary service travelling all
           | over the world seeking converts. These missionary efforts
           | were quite successful, spreading judaism to the far reaches
           | of the Roman Empire, creating enclaves of newly converted
           | Jews in the major cities of the Western world. It is these
           | enclaves that were most receptive to Christianity during its
           | initial expansion, and in that period when Christianty was
           | considered another sect of Judaism, the Christians also used
           | the special dispensation given to Jews to gain converts. This
           | created tension, where some of the Jews complained to the
           | Roman authorities that these Christian Jews were not real
           | jews and thus should not be allowed to proselytize under the
           | dispensation alloted to jews. This information also forms the
           | backdrop that helps understand early Christian history. For
           | example, in the first apostolic council recorded in acts,
           | what was meant by saying "Moses is preached in all the
           | synagogues" when referring to new converts in Corinth, Rome,
           | and Ephesus. It is because those new converts were either
           | fully converted jews, themselves converted a few generations
           | previously by Pharisee missionaries, or they were in some
           | other stage of the conversion process, and so they, too, met
           | in Synagogues, even in places like Ephesus, and thus the
           | early Christian missionaries just went from Synagogue to
           | Synagogue all over the Roman Empire, winning over the
           | descendents of converts in communities that were previously
           | won over to judaism.
           | 
           | The Pharisee missionary work is also mentioned in the New
           | Testament, when Christ accuses the Pharisees, saying "You
           | travel over land and sea to make one convert and when you do,
           | he is twice the son of hell that you are."
           | 
           | This missionary program was so successful that much of the
           | Talmud was written by the children of new converts, in new
           | communities all over the Roman Empire. Rabbi Hillel's famous
           | retort to a man demanding to know the meaning of the Talmud
           | while standing on one leg was in a debate that was attempting
           | to convert his (gentile) questionner to judaism. In fact the
           | background to many of the famous passages in the talmud were
           | attempts at conversion and evangelization. Knowing that is an
           | important part of understanding these passages. These jewish
           | communities also provided sancturary to fleeing Jews after
           | the Romans expelled them from Palestine in the wake of the
           | third revolt - they were taken in by the descendents of new
           | converts created by Pharisees, and these cities became the
           | seed communities of jews in Europe and North Africa.
           | 
           | But it is true that modern Judaism does not try to convert
           | others and has become a racial identity as much or moreso
           | than a religious identity, however this was not the case for
           | those rabbis when the mishna was compiled or when the oldest
           | portions of the Gemara were first written.
        
             | sharikone wrote:
             | I am curious to know what part in the Talmud refer to
             | proselytizing.
             | 
             | The passage you cite refers to a gentile that wants to
             | convert , not a tentative at active pproselytizing
        
               | FridayoLeary wrote:
               | Not only that, he was previously rejected by another
               | Rabbi.
        
             | FridayoLeary wrote:
             | >This missionary program was so successful that much of the
             | Talmud was written by the children of new converts, in new
             | communities all over the Roman Empire
             | 
             | Demonstrably nonsense. They were clearly written in Israel
             | and Persia (latterly). Little is mentioned of communities
             | elsewhere.
        
             | vxNsr wrote:
             | As a jew who has studied the talmud extensively I would
             | love to know where the sources for this whole comment are.
             | I've never seen anything even close to this anywhere in the
             | talmud or any history book on the roman empire or jewish
             | history.
             | 
             | > _Palestine in the wake of the third revolt_
             | 
             | Oh... now I see you're gaslighting and re-writing history.
             | Your sources will be the same ones Mahmoud Abbas used for
             | his "thesis"
        
             | betterunix2 wrote:
             | Proselytizing is not forbidden. It is also not required,
             | and for all that proselytizing activity of the ancient
             | rabbis there is very little in the Talmud that actually
             | discusses seeking out converts and Jews are not actually
             | required to do so. The New Testament makes proselytizing a
             | requirement for every Christian (the Great Commission).
             | Likewise, Christians are called on by the New Testament to
             | engage in apologetics; the Talmud only suggests that Jews
             | should know how to answer a "heretic" (which, as I said,
             | means the debate is only meant to be between Jews) and only
             | (to my knowledge) in Pirkei Avot which does not even have a
             | Gemara.
             | 
             | In any case, what difference does it make if Jews in the
             | first and second centuries were proselytizing? The religion
             | changed since then and everyone knows it. Traditions we
             | take for granted today like the Passover Seder had only
             | just started to develop in the second century. There was no
             | Jewish Calendar at that time and there was no canon of
             | scripture (there was a collection of holy writings that
             | overlapped with the Tanakh, but what was actually in that
             | collection depended on who you asked).
             | 
             | In this century, and for at least the ten centuries prior
             | (likely longer), Jewish apologetics has only been in
             | response to efforts by non-Jews to convert Jews to other
             | religions, and that is very different from Christian
             | apologetics.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | > Proselytizing is not forbidden. It is also not
               | required,
               | 
               | Very few religions _require_ proselytizing. I think
               | Mormons are expected to go on missionary trips, but that
               | 's all I'm familiar with. In most religions, missionaries
               | are selected from the group and sent out, so the job of
               | proselytizing is a corporate, not personal job, and the
               | role of "missionary" can mean anything from establishing
               | universities and hospitals in Africa to preaching on a
               | street corner in Atlanta. But no churches I'm aware of
               | require some type of missionary effort from all of their
               | members - maybe I missed one.
               | 
               | > In any case, what difference does it make if Jews in
               | the first and second centuries were proselytizing?
               | 
               | It continued up through the middle ages, so this is over
               | 1000 years. Pope Gregory famously complained about jews
               | proselytizing, but perhaps he was making it all up. See
               | https://www.jstor.org/stable/24659643 and also https://re
               | pository.yu.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.12202/6076...
               | 
               | In terms of what difference does it make, it's up to you
               | to decide how much you care, I was only pointing out that
               | rabbinical judaism, at least in the past, had similar
               | missionary efforts to Christianity today. You can take
               | that for whatever you want - I don't want to get into a
               | debate as to whether judaism in the 20th Century is the
               | "true" judaism versus judaism in the 10th Century or 5th
               | Century. There are different sects with different beliefs
               | as to what is authentic and what is not.
               | 
               | > The New Testament makes proselytizing a requirement for
               | every Christian (the Great Commission).
               | 
               | Woah. Even in evangelical churches, the commission
               | applies to corporate bodies and the verb "go" is passive,
               | not active. "Make disciples" is active, e.g. . E.g. "
               | _make disciples_ as you go into the world ". Now there
               | are many passages where Paul asks for help to be bold and
               | open his mouth, so it depends on how you define
               | missionary efforts or proselytization. In the early
               | church, would be converts were turned away three times
               | before being admitted in some places, even as there was
               | public preaching and mass baptisms in other places. But
               | there was no general requirement that everyone do these
               | things, rather there were special roles of evangelists
               | who do them, again modelled on the Pharisees and their
               | system. The notion of being "born again" and water
               | baptism - john the baptist for example, these all came
               | from jewish practices.
               | 
               | Now today, some evangelical churches have come to
               | interpret a casual relationship in the great commission,
               | in the sense that once there are Christians in every
               | tribe, the end will come, and so to hasten that end they
               | are trying to convert some from every tribe, but I don't
               | think this is a mainstream view or a view that was part
               | of historical Christianity.
               | 
               | But I agree there is certainly a practical difference in
               | that there are evangelical churches that actively
               | proselytize and send missionaries out which are funded by
               | church members, but for example Orthodox churches don't
               | do this and they don't interpret the Matthew in the same
               | way as evangelical churches.
               | 
               | > There was no Jewish Calendar at that time and there was
               | no canon of scripture
               | 
               | There was absolutely a jewish calendar that predates the
               | Babylonian captivity. Most of the content of the book of
               | leviticus is concerned with special feast days and
               | observances, and these must occur at certain times of the
               | year. That requires a calendar. Now regardless of whether
               | you believe the law dates to Jeremiah or Moses, at
               | whatever point in time the law was observed a calendar
               | needed to exist before then.
        
               | betterunix2 wrote:
               | Maybe I misunderstood the great commission, or maybe I am
               | only familiar with the kind of Christianity practiced by
               | the Christians I have known in my lifetime. Perhaps
               | saying that the great commission calls on _every_
               | Christian to proselytize is not universally accepted
               | among Christians. As I said, I cannot really comment on
               | Christian perspectives because I am not a Christian. I do
               | not think there is much doubt that Christianity is a
               | religion that actively seeks converts, and Eastern
               | Orthodox churches are not an exception (they have
               | missionaries too). It may not be the central motivation
               | of every church, and it may not be required of every
               | individual Christian, but proselytizing of some kind is a
               | requirement of Christianity.
               | 
               | It is doubtful that Jewish proselytizing occurred to any
               | significant degree under Christian or Muslim rule, which
               | would have been the majority of the lands where Jews
               | lived during the medieval period. It was made illegal by
               | various emperors, kings, and councils. Jews were already
               | suffering the persecution of Christian rule toward the
               | end of the classical period -- among other things, the
               | Sanhedrin was abolished (its last act was the creation of
               | a fixed Jewish calendar; the biblical system you
               | mentioned was based on observing the moon and having
               | religious authorities make announcements of those
               | observations, which could not continue without the
               | Sanhedrin). Judaism remains open to conversion by people
               | who want to convert, but there have be no active efforts
               | to find or win converts for at least 1000 years, and I
               | suspect even longer than that.
        
               | euph0ria wrote:
               | I do think that Jehova's Witnesses requires it of their
               | members. At least previously I believe they were required
               | to do X hours every Y period.
        
         | bildung wrote:
         | You are confusing different concepts: ideology and religion.
         | 
         | Ideologies are a set of _ethical_ / _moral_ assumptions about
         | what is right and just, i.e. they are about human _practice_ ,
         | about what humans _ought to do_.
         | 
         | Religions are ideologies, but they are _also_ a set of beliefs
         | about the world itself, about the physical and metaphysical
         | reality - which are thought as true a priori. This part is
         | almost universally wrong, as we could learn by a competing
         | concept: science.
         | 
         | Ideologies can only be falsified insofar as they base their
         | arguments on statements about human nature - these can be
         | questioned empirically.
        
           | trashtester wrote:
           | That is what I used to believe, too.
           | 
           | More recently though, it seems to me that ideologies DO have
           | a pretty strong impact on what people believe about the world
           | itself, especially by people who have a tight coupling
           | between their identiy and the ideology.
           | 
           | At the very least, this seems to apply to both sides of the
           | current right/left divide in the west. For instance, if I ask
           | you to predict how climate change will affect the world over
           | the next 300 years, and your response lies in what is
           | predicted by the 5% most optimistic climate scientists, you
           | are very likely to be on the right. On the other hand, if
           | your response corresponds to the 5% most pessimistic, you are
           | very likely to be on the left.
           | 
           | As ideological polarization, an increasingly large part of
           | the population will fall into one of theose extreme groups,
           | which I interpret as a way that the ideology promotes beliefs
           | that are not supported by science.
           | 
           | It seems to me that the underlying motivation is that people
           | who believe axiomatically that a free market is good, see
           | global warming as a threat to that belief. The leftists may
           | believe the opposite because they see the free market as
           | evil, or just to oppose the right.
           | 
           | There are plenty of other cases where ideologies cause
           | beliefs that are not well founded in "real" science, even
           | though there may be plenty of ideologes that promote them.
           | Some beliefs are so sacret that any challenge to them will be
           | punished as evil/heresy, which itself is a clear indication
           | that the ideology does not value open inquiry.
           | 
           | I would even go so far as to see some of the principles and
           | ideas involved as somewhat metaphysical. Capitalists can see
           | the "invisible hand" in such a light, while leftists seem to
           | imagine some sort of oppression to determine every social
           | interaction (not very diffrent from how Christians in Europe
           | believing that demons were virtually everywhere).
           | 
           | In the end, I think it is about the people following a given
           | ideology. It used to be that atheist were a relatively small
           | minority composed of mostly people with an above-average
           | level of scepticisim to ways of thinking not supported by
           | hard evidence.
           | 
           | But as the percentage of non-religious people increase, more
           | and more poeple that have a religious inclination become
           | "atheists", and those (I think) may be much more likely to
           | accept incredible (literally) statements as fact, with little
           | or no evidence.
        
         | throwaway210222 wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | There is no mechanism by which the ABSENCE of a belief in your
         | parent's invisible sky wizards becomes just evidence of an
         | alternative belief system.
         | 
         | Not believing in the tooth fairy does not make my understanding
         | and endorsement of say, the periodic table, an equivalent,
         | dogmatic, religious, ineherited-from-parents belief.
         | 
         | The two are not the same. One is better.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | I think the original statement was just too strong.
           | Generally, people are religious even if they claim to be
           | otherwise. I do however believe that truly non religious
           | exist, but that most people are religious or spiritual in
           | their thinking.
        
           | ehvatum wrote:
           | The issue is seen when it comes to the question of what
           | intolerance a secular person will not tolerate.
        
             | simondotau wrote:
             | You are alluding to the _Paradox of Tolerance._
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance
        
         | Igelau wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | You had something interesting to say, why'd you have to go and
         | close it out with flamebait?
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | Fair enough what's a better wording. I'm trying to convey the
           | mental models that are more natural in the religious world
           | and lacking in the secular world (outside of philosophy )
        
             | d0100 wrote:
             | > it just means that you don't have the cognitive tools to
             | recognize the secular ideology that you have adopted.
             | 
             | Maybe: "it just means that you haven't recognized the
             | secular ideology that you have adopted"?
        
             | 7952 wrote:
             | A better explanation is that those mental models are in
             | fact universal. Things like bias, magical thinking, and
             | dogma exist in all fields of humans life. Science included.
             | But why stop there? Why not question the biological basis
             | for those phenomena? Why not try and understand why we do
             | those things. Light the candle and shine a light on the
             | darkness.
        
         | yibg wrote:
         | I care less about codifying beliefs than about if those beliefs
         | are true or not. I may not have the cognitive tools to
         | recognize all the secular ideologies that I have adopted, but
         | at least there are mechanisms in place to examine if aspects of
         | them hold up to reality or not.
        
         | meroes wrote:
         | Religion is more easily codified because it does not change as
         | quickly as the secular world. I do not think codification is
         | realistic or desirable tbqh.
        
         | opportune wrote:
         | Your recognition of explicit vs. implicit ideology is addressed
         | by Slavoj Zizek in some of his work. He generalizes ideology to
         | be mostly a set of assumed or unstated beliefs and ideas which
         | are so internalized they are not even consciously recognized.
         | Could be good further reading for those further interested in
         | the subject:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_bibliog...
         | 
         | One of the main points of Zizek regarding ideology, relevant to
         | what you said, is that as religious ideology has waned in
         | importance, other ideologies have taken their place, yet
         | because they do not come from religions we do not recognize
         | them as ideologies, though they are. But ideology has always
         | existed in this form, in the background. It is just without
         | religion taking a forefront in life that the importance of
         | other ideologies has grown.
         | 
         | Anyway, I bring it up because I do not think it is possible for
         | us to explicitly address all ideology. Ideology is part of the
         | human condition, not in a metaphysical sense, but because we
         | have only limited abilities to perceive and understand the
         | world - finite lifetimes, limited senses, limited cognitive
         | abilities. We must make assumptions and generalizations, take
         | things for granted, and trust people and ideas so that we can
         | spend our time thinking about other things.
         | 
         | Why? Because it's exhausting to explicitly address all
         | ideology. I'll give you some examples: Country, Culture,
         | Government, Justice, Love, Fairness, Ownership, Work. In
         | discourse we take on only limited slices of what these concepts
         | mean, yet we take their existence and high level concepts for
         | granted (though one person's concept of fairness may not match
         | another's). These are heavy, complicated topics in themselves.
         | 
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | Depends on how you define religion. In my opinion what
         | separates religion from philosophy or just ideology, is claims
         | regarding the supernatural and divine. You can absolutely
         | appreciate religions for their wonderful philosophy and
         | theology while rejecting what I would consider very core parts
         | of what makes one a believer in a religion, like belief in
         | supernatural events or divine beings.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | I agree with you , and have been influenced by Zizek. We
           | assume religions are primitive , but it's likely that they
           | are advanced stages of earlier ideologies. I'm expecting
           | contemporary / secular ideology to evolve into a formal
           | religion with canon , priesthood etc
        
             | opportune wrote:
             | Arguably that already exists in the form of
             | politics/government, corporations, the military.
             | 
             | Based on my opinion that religion requires a belief in
             | supernatural events, I would not call those religion per
             | se. Definitely dogmatic. I think the parallels come from
             | the tendency for human organizations to all take
             | essentially the same structure, if you squint.
        
               | posix_me_less wrote:
               | > politics/government, corporations, the military.
               | 
               | +political factions +institutionalized science +media
               | 
               | They all tell us what to think, "trust us we did and will
               | do the hard thinking for you".
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | A lot of the secular world is just neoliberalism, which is
         | pretty clear about what it is and how you criticise it.
         | 
         | Other branches are definitionally critical of various binary
         | systems(all of the LGBTQ things), describing them instead as
         | continuous systems, or even complex planes.
         | 
         | I don't think such definitions are very useful. They're very
         | limiting since the world is full of edge cases, and your
         | ideology is unlikely to handle all of them well, but is also
         | likely to require you to handle some of them poorly
        
         | mynameisash wrote:
         | > most religions ... have an apologetic discipline - a
         | deliberate arm open to debate.
         | 
         | Is it generally seen as an arm open to debate? I have a very
         | religious friend who has gotten into apologetics in the last
         | 6mo or so, and he explicitly describes it as "defending the
         | faith." That seems much less drawing conclusions from evidence
         | and much more drawing evidence from conclusions.
         | 
         | Maybe he's an exception to apologetics, though, as I know he
         | has some admittedly extreme views in some ways.
        
         | nvahalik wrote:
         | What's even more interesting is that most ideologies also
         | adhere to a standard religious framework as well:
         | 
         | - anthropology
         | 
         | - problem of evil/sin
         | 
         | - redemption
         | 
         | - eschatology
         | 
         | If your system he answers to these, you basically have a
         | religion.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | That's a very western take on religion. Some have no belief
           | in an end time with a static or cyclical world.
           | 
           | Sin/evil isn't really a thing in many religions. Polytheistic
           | religions for example can have multiple contradictory ideas
           | for what the correct actions are.
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | Eschatology doesn't just have to do with the end times. It
             | is "concerned with death, judgment, and the final destiny
             | of the soul". Hinduism and Buddhism clearly address this.
             | Confucianism and Shinto may be exceptions, and of course
             | there are plenty others that I'm not familiar with, but
             | eschatology is far from being only a preoccupation of
             | Western religions.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Dropping the end of that quote completely changes the
               | meaning it's. "the part of theology concerned with death,
               | judgment, and the final destiny of the soul _and of
               | humankind "_ It's a separate idea from simple questions
               | of the afterlife.
               | 
               | Buddhism is really interesting here because there was
               | such a wide range of different beliefs involved some of
               | which fit that idea and others don't.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | It doesn't completely change the meaning, it drops a
               | subset of the meaning. Eschatology encompasses both types
               | of ends. The OP seemed under the impression it only
               | involved the end of the universe/world.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | AND is not OR, but I understand your confusion.
        
         | brailsafe wrote:
         | I think religion does imply the organized belief in a
         | supernatural deity vs in a secular ideology it's unorganized
         | belief in a somewhat connected set of ideas which are debated
         | more discretely between people who want to. Seems silly to say
         | that engaging with a secular ideology is the same as being in a
         | religion.
        
           | presentation wrote:
           | I think OP's point is exactly that a lot of secular ideology
           | in practice doesn't get debated discretely; most people don't
           | want to and have already ossified their opinions,
           | even/especially if they don't really understand why they
           | believe what they believe.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | Which person is more committed to a religion: someone who
           | goes to a sermon 1 hr / week, or someone who watches the news
           | for 3 hours / day? The news content will contain the same
           | ideological elements of the sermon: where you come from, what
           | you should believe, what you should do with your life, what
           | is right / wrong.
        
             | brailsafe wrote:
             | The first person, because religion isn't simply a matter of
             | content ingestion. If it was, this wouldn't be an issue.
        
             | CyberDildonics wrote:
             | News is made up of things that literally happened and often
             | have video proof.
             | 
             | Religion is made up of things that did not happen and have
             | no evidence. If something does have evidence of being true,
             | it is called history.
             | 
             | You are confusing obsession and focus with religion.
        
               | cloverich wrote:
               | Many are interpretations of what happened. take the covid
               | - pericarditis link. is it that the fda is investigating
               | reports of slightly elevated rare side effect? or is it
               | that the vaccine may be more harmful to kids than the
               | virus but the government is forcing you to take it
               | anyways. both are actual headlines. One is ideological
               | reinforcement masquerading as news -- that's what op was
               | getting at. Watch enough of that stuff and the real world
               | will become ever more difficult to see.
        
               | fufmaya wrote:
               | News is literally a story we tell each other to reinforce
               | beliefs about the world.
               | 
               | Truth has no relation to news and news is not about
               | observation of fact.
               | 
               | Even if you witness events yourself, your understanding
               | of what occurred is a narrative you tell, not truth.
               | 
               | All truths and history are interpretations within
               | religious (or ideological) frameworks. Truth as we use
               | the word is not attainable.
               | 
               | There are no exceptions to this!
        
               | AareyBaba wrote:
               | "A lie is a truth that you just don't believe in" - Conan
               | O'Brien
        
               | memling wrote:
               | > All truths and history are interpretations within
               | religious (or ideological) frameworks. Truth as we use
               | the word is not attainable.
               | 
               | Is this statement in the set of "all truths ... within
               | religious (or ideological) frameworks" or is it an
               | exception, as it were, to the rule?
        
               | _-david-_ wrote:
               | >News is made up of things that literally happened and
               | often have video proof.
               | 
               | In an ideal situation maybe, but very frequently it is
               | manipulation. Videos are taken out of context or outright
               | modified to fit a narrative. When you watch the complete
               | video it is very often different than the 10 second clip
               | shown on the so called news.
               | 
               | > Religion is made up of things that did not happen and
               | have no evidence
               | 
               | Do you believe everything in the Bible is false or just
               | certain parts? If you believe certain parts are accurate
               | then I don't see how it is any different than news in
               | your view.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
         | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular
         | ideology that you have adopted.
         | 
         | How would that statement apply to your god? And would they be
         | religious?
        
         | antiterra wrote:
         | I don't see it as a fault that we can retarget our believer
         | minds to reinforce a secular worldview. Nature itself can
         | foster a sense of humility and wonder. We can have faith in the
         | fundamental laws of physics. We can recognize that our remote
         | existence suggests we should take care of each other. We can
         | recognize that we cannot fully remove bias or error in our
         | observation and conclusions in the same way someone religious
         | might believe we all are imperfect and sin.
         | 
         | Even so I am far less dogmatic in my worldview and conclusions
         | than I ever was a religious person. To imply that my lack of
         | religion is somehow a religion itself just hilariously misses
         | the point.
        
         | sudosysgen wrote:
         | I understand what you're trying to say and I appreciate it, but
         | religion and ideology are two very different things despite
         | influencing each other.
        
         | __s wrote:
         | I don't see how being an atheist means someone lacks the
         | ability to recognize ideology. Religion may help because it
         | gives practice putting boundaries on ideas which are obviously
         | ridiculous. You can't go around pushing everyone to follow
         | Deuteronomy for very long
         | 
         | Overall these pitfalls can be avoided by following some
         | principles: reject taboos, seek more information, avoid
         | metaphor, accept that some things you can't know
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | Atheism also doesn't guarantee that one does recognise
           | ideology.
           | 
           | OP is correct. Religion is a subset of ideology, and not
           | being religious does not in any sense guarantee that one
           | isn't trapped inside an ideological frame.
           | 
           | But OP is wrong to suggest religion is a cure for this, or
           | even a workable substitute.
           | 
           | Ideological thinking is a template - a kind of psychological
           | design pattern. It may well be innate, and can only be
           | sidestepped by learning a different set of philosophical
           | habits.
           | 
           | Collectively, we don't have that. Neither critical thinking
           | nor science do the job. They do other useful jobs, but
           | teaching how to avoid tribal identification among followers
           | and competitive authoritarian individualism among leaders -
           | the real core of all ideologies - isn't something they're
           | designed for.
        
             | __s wrote:
             | Agreed, I was specifically responding to their last line
             | which casts a blanket assertion
        
         | Jare wrote:
         | That's some serious mental gymnastics you're doing there!
         | 
         | Al lot of what you call "religious tendencies" are just
         | cognitive and organizational tools. Religions use and codify
         | (some of) them in their own ways, and other aspects and
         | approaches to human life use and / or codify in their own ways
         | too.
         | 
         | Whatever leads you to wish for more structure and codification
         | in your life and the world that surrounds, and you find them in
         | religion, that's fine. Other people find them in military life,
         | others in self-discipline, others in ascetism, others in their
         | professional career, etc. But trying to impregnate your
         | religious beliefs and choices onto everyone else is, I think,
         | just trying to justify and shut down your own doubts. If you
         | don't see this then, if I may put it this way, you may lack
         | certain cognitive tools to recognize it.
        
           | the-smug-one wrote:
           | To me, it sounds like they really hit you on a sore spot :).
           | 
           | What OP talked about regarding ideology reminds me of the
           | stuff that Zizek talks about. I'm no philosopher, but the
           | thought that ideology has subsumed religion doesn't seem too
           | far fetched. We, as a species, do seem to have a tendency to
           | form religions and hold different biases.
        
             | dudeman13 wrote:
             | Eye rolling on a claim that "X is religious" when it can be
             | just a simple "X is a cognitive and organizational tool"
             | seems fair to me.
             | 
             | Specially when religious people are so fond of calling
             | something religious when that something has nothing to do
             | with religion
        
               | furgooswft13 wrote:
               | Many secular people are very fond of pinning all the
               | worlds problems on religion, so I think it's fair to use
               | the term back at them when they constantly act in the
               | same exact ways they decry.
               | 
               | It clearly hits a nerve too.
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | I grew up in a Protestant home (southern baptist church, 3x/week
       | + youth activities). I have nothing against religion and I like
       | religious people, I just don't have strong faith anymore; the
       | older I get the more skeptical I get of everything.
       | 
       | It always makes me grin how much secular political issue
       | adherents act like religious people. You can just listen to the
       | language ("climate deniers" etc., "the end is near in 12 years",
       | etc.) to tell that they are in the throes of religious fervor. I
       | truly believe there's something by wired into our brains to
       | support this mode of belief, and that rationality is the
       | exception in humans.
       | 
       | The problem is that religious people (including the secular ones)
       | are not open to rational discussion critical of their beliefs.
       | They may be polite enough to hear you out but they're just
       | waiting for you to take a breath so they can butt in and correct
       | your apostasy. They already KNOW the one TRUTH and if you don't
       | agree on all points, you're a heretic and nonbeliever.
       | 
       | You see articles from time to time how "climate deniers" should
       | be shunned and shamed and punished for their heresy[1] (just
       | search for "climate deniers list" or "should climate deniers be
       | punished" or pick your issue). Same thing for lots of other
       | issues like abortion rights[2], or gun control[3].
       | 
       | Christianity has had 2000 years and reformations to knock off the
       | rough, anti-social edges. Religious doctrine has been tempered
       | with social controls and moral codes that largely (though not
       | completely) prevent demonizing your enemies.
       | 
       | Far left ideologies have a century of murdering tens of millions
       | of people that didn't agree with them or in some cases just
       | didn't cheer loudly enough.
       | 
       | When it comes to not murdering me or putting me in re-education
       | camps, I trust devout Christians _way_ more than I trust climate
       | activists or gun control advocates or (insert advocate for
       | secular left position here).
       | 
       | [1] https://www.newsweek.com/should-climate-change-deniers-be-
       | pr... [2] https://www.liveaction.org/news/slate-hopes-watching-
       | jessica... [3] https://thefederalist.com/2021/06/09/la-times-
       | writer-real-es...
        
         | kwinten wrote:
         | Insane take.
         | 
         | > Christianity has had 2000 years and reformations to knock off
         | the rough, anti-social edges. Religious doctrine has been
         | tempered with social controls and moral codes that largely
         | (though not completely) prevent demonizing your enemies.
         | 
         | Funny that you then effortlessly go on to demonize your
         | "enemies":
         | 
         | > Far left ideologies have a century of murdering tens of
         | millions of people that didn't agree with them or in some cases
         | just didn't cheer loudly enough.
         | 
         | Ah yes, because climate activists, reproductive rights
         | activists, and hell, let's throw in feminists as well, are all
         | authoritarian Stalinists, right?
         | 
         | > When it comes to not murdering me or putting me in re-
         | education camps, I trust devout Christians way more than I
         | trust climate activists or gun control advocates or (insert
         | advocate for secular left position here).
         | 
         | This is incomprehensibly insane. I don't even know how to
         | formulate a response to this.
        
         | swebs wrote:
         | >Far left ideologies have a century of murdering tens of
         | millions of people that didn't agree with them or in some cases
         | just didn't cheer loudly enough.
         | 
         | There was a big debate in 2019 of communism vs capitalism among
         | two famous professors. When one of them mentioned the communist
         | revolution being a call for "bloody violent revolution" the
         | audience cheered with approval. It was chilling.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/qsHJ3LvUWTs?t=1295
        
         | matchbok wrote:
         | What a bigoted and narrow-minded view of the world you have.
         | This has no place on HN.
         | 
         | The fact that you take issue with abortion rights activists and
         | not the right-wing protestors who have _murdered_ doctors,
         | shows your true, bigoted colors. Shameful.
        
         | betwixthewires wrote:
         | I also think that religiosity is a neurological phenomenon and
         | is as much a part of being a human as language, music, money or
         | tool use. Nobody, including myself, can escape it.
         | 
         | I see a lot of talk in this thread about making the definition
         | of "religion" meaningless by broadening it too much, but I
         | think the definition that gets narrowed in is "the phenomenon
         | of humans engaging in dogmatic belief." A good example of this
         | is transhumanism, specifically, the idea that you can upload
         | your mind to a computer. It is all but given based on our
         | current scientific understanding that the mind is inseparable
         | from the body, yet somehow particularly atheist people behave
         | as if they are separate things. This is a dogmatic belief.
         | 
         | Other closely related behaviors are ideological movements. I
         | believe that religion is largely social in nature and driven
         | more by social pressure and community/family and less by actual
         | rational analysis or any other method of coming to conclusions
         | about the world. I think it shows in the decline of traditional
         | religion and also in the rise of what are often being termed
         | "religions" these days by detractors (correctly in many cases,
         | for example the Gaia worship end of times cult). When that is
         | taken into account, the irrational behavior of swathes of
         | people who hold as a core identity characteristic their
         | perceived strict adherence to rationality makes a lot of sense.
         | 
         | I know I have a religion, I don't know what it is exactly, but
         | I'm a human so I have one. But I try to be open to _any_ idea I
         | hold being challenged, I 'd like my belief system to be as
         | close to the truth as I can get it, and that means ignoring
         | social proof and being prepared to find out that anything and
         | everything I believe is wrong. Of course, until I find out I'm
         | wrong, I think I'm right.
        
           | meowface wrote:
           | >A good example of this is transhumanism, specifically, the
           | idea that you can upload your mind to a computer. It is all
           | but given based on our current scientific understanding that
           | the mind is inseparable from the body, yet somehow
           | particularly atheist people behave as if they are separate
           | things. This is a dogmatic belief.
           | 
           | It's unknown if such a technology will be possible one day,
           | but I don't find transhumanism or that idea dogmatic. The
           | human mind is of course part of the human body, but there's
           | nothing that prescribes any particular mind must be part of a
           | biological body. This is known as "substrate independence".
           | If substrate independence is true, it would suggest creation
           | of conscious machines and simulation of conscious beings is
           | feasible.
           | 
           | There are additional difficulties when it comes to the
           | possibility of actually "uploading" one's mind, but it seems
           | incorrect to say "atheists who trust science believe the mind
           | and body are inseparable, yet here they act like they can be
           | separated". The atheist/physicalist/scientific claim is that
           | the mind emerges from the brain, and that the brain is made
           | of ordinary matter - not that they're "inseparable" in the
           | sense that there can't be such a thing as a mind without a
           | fleshy body.
           | 
           | It's orthogonal to "bodiness" or an idea of anything like a
           | soul. If substrate independence is true, then a mind is a
           | thing which must exist on some physical substrate composed of
           | matter. It's fine if you believe substrate independence isn't
           | true, but I don't see any dogma. Perhaps a dogma would be
           | "substrate independence is true" without demonstrating any
           | evidence of it, but I haven't seen that claim. This'll
           | probably only ever be known for sure if some group actually
           | manages to instantiate a seemingly-conscious mind on a non-
           | biological substrate, and if it seems to pass every possible
           | test for consciousness we can devise.
        
             | betwixthewires wrote:
             | Belief that _your mind_ can be moved is a dogmatic belief,
             | if you hold it, seeing as our current scientific
             | understanding of the brain precludes it. That isn 't to say
             | a machine cannot be conscious, or that a different type of
             | consciousness cannot exist.
        
               | meowface wrote:
               | I'd say _certainty_ in such a belief would be dogmatic.
               | But I don 't think it's at all dogmatic (or wrong) to say
               | that in the distant future it could _maybe_ become
               | possible.
               | 
               | If one merely says "I believe there's a chance we may one
               | day be able to upload our minds to a machine", I don't
               | think that's dogma. Even if one says "I believe there's a
               | chance we may one day be able to upload our minds to a
               | machine and retain continuous consciousness in the
               | process" (as opposed to basically just creating a mental
               | copy of oneself), I'd say that also isn't dogma, even if
               | the odds are lower.
               | 
               | I would actually say "our current scientific
               | understanding of the brain precludes it" is dogmatic.
               | Unless you mean "we don't yet know how we could go about
               | it given our current limited understanding", then sure;
               | but asserting that something (especially something that
               | doesn't violate any laws of physics) will _never_ be
               | possible is a positive, definitive statement, and one I
               | also don 't think is true.
               | 
               | We just know it would be enormously difficult and complex
               | and that it's extremely unlikely it would be possible
               | within the next few centuries, and may never be possible.
               | There's nothing we know about right now that would
               | fundamentally make it impossible. It's all just matter
               | and information.
               | 
               | The definition of dogma, according to Google, is "a
               | principle or set of principles laid down by an authority
               | as incontrovertibly true". Claims of incontrovertible
               | truth are dangerous, whichever direction they're in. If
               | some transhumanist wholeheartedly expects they're going
               | to be inside of a computer by the time they're 80, then
               | that would be dogmatic, but I've personally not seen
               | anyone with such an attitude.
        
               | fighterpilot wrote:
               | Why does current scientific knowledge preclude it? Is a
               | simulation of the entire human body impossible in
               | principle, or alternatively is it known that such a
               | simulation won't be conscious?
        
               | betwixthewires wrote:
               | Because from our current understanding, the mind is an
               | emergent property of the brain, not some ethereal thing
               | contained by the brain. It might be possible to create
               | artificial consciousness, to find consciousness that
               | occurs in different ways, but to _move_ a human mind out
               | of a brain, as far as we can tell, is impossible.
        
               | meowface wrote:
               | I don't understand how these are mutually exclusive. Why
               | should it being emergent mean it's absolutely impossible
               | to move it out of the brain?
               | 
               | Of course it _could_ turn out to be impossible in
               | practice for some reason or another, or it may not happen
               | for thousands of years, but I don 't see any theoretical
               | reason that makes it impossible a priori.
        
               | fighterpilot wrote:
               | There's a lot of unresolved debate in the philosophy of
               | mind about how the mind might come about from the brain.
               | 
               | Not all hypotheses assert substrate-dependant
               | epiphenomenalism, which is what you seem to be
               | suggesting.
               | 
               | So our current understanding is merely that we have
               | little clue whether it's possible. I lean towards the
               | idea that it's possible and view the burden of proof as
               | being on your shoulders to show why wetware as a
               | substrate is necessary.
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | Current scientific understanding is inconclusive. You
               | can't prove a negative so it definitely doesn't preclude
               | it.
        
           | evoo5Rlyea2D wrote:
           | > A good example of this is transhumanism, specifically, the
           | idea that you can upload your mind to a computer.
           | 
           | Better examples might be what you can find in certain strands
           | of rationalism: the simulation argument, that God (friendly
           | AI) doesn't exist but ought to be created, that if the AI
           | isn't summoned (programmed) in a very particular way it will
           | be maximally dangerous, the Judgment day when the AI is
           | brought online, and even intangible possible Hells through
           | TDT and basilisk arguments.
           | 
           | I can't help getting the impression there's a weirdly
           | distorted version of Christianity in there somewhere, and the
           | reason it can survive is because its adherents don't
           | recognize that that's what it is.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ifemide06 wrote:
       | We need a shared culture or believe system that will continue to
       | shape our understanding of how we relate and treat one another.
       | 
       | One of the primary reason we setup FaithCircle -
       | https://thefaithcircle.com - to connect Christians locally and
       | globally.
        
       | Causality1 wrote:
       | This is mirrored in the precipitously dropping support for
       | freedom of speech in the US, especially among youth. As ideology
       | becomes more intense heresy becomes less acceptable, and it seems
       | if people can't quell heretical speech with threats of fire and
       | brimstone they'll do it with legislation and police.
        
         | jakelazaroff wrote:
         | Freedom of speech isn't a "non-ideological" ideal, and there's
         | not one single definition. For example, most liberals (in the
         | classical sense) support free speech but are not absolutists; a
         | libertarian might see that as repressive, while a progressive
         | might see it as dangerous.
        
           | textgel wrote:
           | No it basically is. Nor does it have multiple definitions.
           | The only people who claim it does are those trying to smuggle
           | censorship in while calling it "freedom of speech".
        
             | jakelazaroff wrote:
             | So you think sexual harassment at work, child porn, libel
             | and death threats should be legal? You think platforms
             | should take no action against spam, doxxing or revenge
             | porn? Those are all examples of censorship.
        
               | Causality1 wrote:
               | Not that I disagree with you, but you're improperly
               | combining the censorship actions of private individuals
               | and of governments. Freedom of speech has never limited
               | what actions private platform holders can take against
               | users.
        
               | jakelazaroff wrote:
               | I agree with that, but rarely do I see the nominally
               | "free speech" crowd on HN make that distinction.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | chriselles wrote:
       | If only the article included the shift from religious to
       | environmental extremism.
        
       | amriksohata wrote:
       | Kaliyuga
        
       | oblak wrote:
       | isn't ideological intensity an euphemism for religious faith? or
       | is that the joke
        
         | bencollier49 wrote:
         | religio = piety
         | 
         | ideo = images / ideas
         | 
         | I think religious devotion is a subset of ideological
         | intensity.
        
       | failwhaleshark wrote:
       | A lot of people need their tribal cults ego-boosters because they
       | can't stand on their own two feet and need the safety of a herd.
       | 
       | Flat Earthers, Trumpism, Bernie-ism, Tim Ferrissism, antivaxx,
       | neoliberalism, neoconservatism, QAnon, radical political
       | terrorism (under various religious banners), raw veganism, juice
       | cleanse, miracle mineral solution, no maskers, forever maskers,
       | and so on.
        
       | chrisgd wrote:
       | Religious faith has declined. Social media has increased.
        
       | loopz wrote:
       | Define _religion_ as a societal organization, _beliefs_ as mental
       | convictions without proofs, and _faith_ as determination and grit
       | towards hope and higher goals.
       | 
       | Then by the very process of dismantling organized religion,
       | whatever core is left, will not be average: The remaining core
       | will be the more fundamentalist, more extreme and the annoyingly
       | louder part. Its position in society will take time to shift
       | though, all the while new technology platforms make such voices
       | heard louder and wider than before.
       | 
       | When people lose beliefs, the addicted will need something else
       | to hold on to. In this case, the quest for riches, fame and
       | money. So for those already rich, it only makes sense to buy up
       | all sources of knowledge and information, such as media,
       | education and civic spaces. Making the snake eat its tail,
       | prevents it from nibbling your own coffers. Beliefs are governed
       | by being infallible, which is the false core itself.
       | 
       | Whatever direction people take, will be powered by faith. The
       | hope for something better, wether it be in printing more
       | currency, or less. And it makes sense for all involved not to get
       | people engaged in anything that really matters.
       | 
       | So it is not from the outside or from another person true faith
       | will blossom, as faith is ever so much more than mere beliefs.
        
       | sebringj wrote:
       | Is it bad to point out the obvious? The way people process and
       | vet information seems to be fundamentally in opposition and tied
       | to their political party, reinforced by machine learning silos,
       | diametrically opposed tv networks and further fueled by hostile
       | nations tinkering with narratives. Let's not forget, without "he
       | who shall not be named", this wouldn't have been possible.
        
       | adaisadais wrote:
       | As religious faith has declined, comment intensity on HN has
       | risen.
       | 
       | All joking aside this is a pretty well-known phenomenon that
       | folks like Hegel and Nietzsche have discussed. The Enlightenment
       | has had its tentacles on formalized religion for over 300 years
       | in the Western World.
       | 
       | Nietzsche's mad man who runs about the town telling people that
       | "God is Dead" is not meant to be taken as a positive or light
       | statement. Nietzsche posited that many of the key elements of
       | modern society would cease to have meaning. Why then, if man is
       | not created in the image of God, should man treat fellow man in
       | any which way? What justification does one have for not harming
       | fellow man if his fellow man is but ape?
       | 
       | Books I loved with perspectives on this are "Enlightenment Now"
       | by Steven Pinker and "The Rise of the Modern Self" by Carl
       | Trueman.
       | 
       | "You gotta serve somebody." -Bob Dylan
        
         | AndrewKemendo wrote:
         | You're correct that this isn't really new territory in
         | philosophy - but "lay" people are actually starting to see it
         | play out at scale in society which is making them perk their
         | ears up.
         | 
         | I doubt we'll see Beyond Good and Evil become a NYT bestseller
         | unfortunately.
        
       | eruci wrote:
       | That's good news! Ideology is more malleable than religion.
        
       | stephc_int13 wrote:
       | The good old correlation is not causation clearly applies here.
       | 
       | IMHO, religions is at the same time archaic and something deeply
       | rooted in human nature, but like many primitive instincts it can
       | be mastered.
        
       | papito wrote:
       | Religion is going away and political affiliation resembles more
       | of a cult. You know, very healthy.
        
         | bobthechef wrote:
         | Religion isn't going away. Ideology is religion. Very bad
         | religion, but it is religion (or a "cult" to use your language,
         | though that term is overloaded). And no one is without
         | religion. Everyone worships something. The question is: are you
         | worshiping the _right_ thing?
         | 
         | In terms of the "traditional" churches in the US, yes, mainline
         | Protestantism is dying because it is a spent force (it has more
         | or less fully acquiesced to the culture, become a consumer and
         | servant of that culture, which means it no longer has any
         | purpose). Muslims who move her tend to become moderates and
         | likely shed Islam entirely eventually. You do see some growth
         | among Evangelicals, but in any case, globally (Africa, Asia),
         | you do see Catholicism and Islam growing. The West is in this
         | sense a decadent freak.
        
           | keithnz wrote:
           | what definition of religion are you using? this is the
           | dictionaries...                  religion
           | /rI'lIdZ(@)n/        noun        the belief in and worship of
           | a superhuman controlling         power, especially a personal
           | God or gods.
        
             | beaconstudios wrote:
             | under that definition, Buddhism isn't a religion - so it's
             | clearly not a very good definition.
        
         | joe_the_user wrote:
         | The total number of people identifying as religious in the US
         | is declining. The number of people identifying as
         | evangelical/"born again" is rising.
         | 
         | Of course, it's about the same thing as the religious and non-
         | religious cult-dynamics are somewhat similar.
         | 
         | Of course, it's a product of any "local community" fading away
         | - the moderating influence of random people living near one is
         | fading.
        
         | _-david-_ wrote:
         | This is not true. Religion is in fact growing every where but
         | the west and perhaps a few other places.
         | 
         | If you only meant the west then that is accurate, but due to
         | the various birth rates it could very easily change with
         | immigration.
        
       | oblib wrote:
       | Wow... that was not what I expected. The author shares a very
       | interesting and insightful perspective that is well worth taking
       | in.
        
       | hnct wrote:
       | We are all tribal by nature and need a sense of belonging and
       | gravity. Something to hold on to. As the author suggests,
       | religion was this anchor until recent times.
        
       | tasogare wrote:
       | > Secular belief contains rituals,
       | 
       | Wearing a mask, new weird handshaking, lockdowns.
       | 
       | > origin stories,
       | 
       | Not a leak lab, I repeat NOT a leak lab.
       | 
       | > deities, saints,
       | 
       | Pr Raoult.
       | 
       | > priesthood,
       | 
       | Doctors, CDC members.
       | 
       | > blasphemy,
       | 
       | This post.
       | 
       | > vice & virtue just as religion does.
       | 
       | (Not) taking the vaccine, (not) wearing a mask.
       | 
       | It's crazy how fast a new religion can globally emerge nowadays.
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | Is it still a religious belief if you can conclusive tell that
         | the god exists?
         | 
         | Otherwise, example gods and religions include sitting on chairs
         | 
         | I'd agree that things like the stock market, cryptocurrency,
         | JavaScript, hating "cancel culture", having rugs on your
         | floors, basic arithmetic, fossil fuels, laughing at jokes,
         | having an Instagram, having teeth, not having teeth, and so on
         | are all religions, but religion stops being a useful definition
        
       | Ambix wrote:
       | For me it was Harari who first stated that all modern ideologies
       | like communism or liberalism are in fact just religions.
        
       | someotherblah wrote:
       | America does have a god. It's called "the product". Just because
       | it's falling short of the vaccum religion used to fill doesn't
       | mean we won't pivot to something else. Enjoy the ride folks.
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | For a good chunk of the of the country the god is actually
         | anti-capitalist ideals now,
        
       | sigstoat wrote:
       | now consider this in terms of eschatology, and end-of-the-world
       | cults.
        
       | throwaway34241 wrote:
       | The themes here remind me of another politics-is-the-new-religion
       | article by David French, "America Is in the Grips of a
       | Fundamentalist Revival". [1]
       | 
       | In it he draws a distinction between religion and fundamentalist
       | religion (which the author has a background with), with a key
       | quality of the latter being a lack of a sort of humility, a
       | certainty that they're right. Which in turn leads them to be less
       | tolerant of opposing viewpoints - because (in their view) they
       | can see right and wrong so clearly, it pulls them to the position
       | that "error has no rights".
       | 
       | That being said, I think it is easy to pay too much attention to
       | the extremes.
       | 
       | An analysis of the US's political problems is out of scope of a
       | HN comment, but one thing I did recently was read books by two
       | prolific authors on the US left and right [2] (who each have
       | historically been aligned with one of our two political parties).
       | They both contained opposing narratives covering the last 100
       | years or so, but what was _very interesting_ was how they both
       | overlapped around certain key historical /political events.
       | 
       | I think reading these books was quite helpful for my
       | understanding of US politics in a way that isn't really covered
       | by the news cycle (in the future, I'd like to spend more time
       | reading these sorts of books and less time on news).
       | 
       | [1] https://frenchpress.thedispatch.com/p/america-is-in-the-
       | grip...
       | 
       | [2] Paul Krugman's "The Conscience of a Liberal" and Charles
       | Murray's "By the People"
        
         | keiferski wrote:
         | Phyllis Tickle wrote a book on this about a decade ago. Her
         | argument is that every ~500 years there is a major shakeup in
         | the Christian world, and we're in the midst of one right now.
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/Great-Emergence-How-Christianity-Chan...
         | 
         | This post explains it well:
         | 
         | https://theupheaval.substack.com/p/are-we-in-a-500-year-reli...
        
           | fighterpilot wrote:
           | What's the proposed mechanism behind the 500-year
           | periodicity? Without a plausible mechanism it's hard to take
           | seriously.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | tomjen3 wrote:
           | The Christian world is only ~2000 years old. What evidence is
           | there for a 500 year cycle?
        
             | keiferski wrote:
             | It's covered in the post linked to in my comment.
        
       | sudosteph wrote:
       | > In his famous "I Have a Dream" speech, Martin Luther King Jr.
       | wished that "one day this nation will rise up and live out the
       | true meaning of its creed." The very idea that a nation might
       | have a creed--a word associated primarily with religion--
       | illustrates the uniqueness of American identity as well as its
       | predicament.
       | 
       | That was a quote from the _Reverend_ Martin Luther King Jr, no
       | less, so it's fair to say he knew the connotations and chose that
       | term deliberately. Honestly, it still bothers me when I notice
       | how often leftists will quote King, while never acknowledging the
       | role that Christianity played in his work. He was an extremely
       | well-trained Baptist Minister, with a doctorate in systematic
       | theology. For whatever reason, I don't really see the modern
       | Social Justice types taking many cues from Baptist Theology these
       | days.
        
         | angrais wrote:
         | You've confused me. Are you saying that "leftists" cannot quote
         | king because he was Christian? Why's that matter? Also, quotes
         | can be used for many purposes outside of their origin, e.g.,
         | love thy neighbour, etc.
        
           | sudosteph wrote:
           | No, I'm saying that I know actual leftists (not sure what
           | your quotes are for) who will only post King quotes when the
           | topic is "White liberals are unhelpful" and "anti-
           | capitalism", typically only posting quotes which don't
           | include religious terms. Then, they will unironically claim
           | that his legacy is being erased by the folks who only ever
           | quote him from "I have a dream".
           | 
           | To which I say: yes - his legacy is being erased when you
           | intentionally ignore important parts of his character and
           | works. But erasing his Christianity is especially egregious,
           | given how fundamental that aspect is to his entire philosophy
           | and life. His theology is inseparable from his philosophy,
           | and a massive influence for both his anti-capitalism/pro-poor
           | people campaigns and for his racial reconciliation work.
        
             | angrais wrote:
             | My quotes are because it can mean something very different
             | from where I am from; for me it's quite an American term.
             | Unsurprising given the forum we're on of course.
             | 
             | It's always left me a bit uneasy when people speak of
             | "legacy being erased" as it's often untrue. In this way, I
             | disagree with both yourself and those individuals you
             | quoted. For me, leaving out details is commonplace in all
             | aspects of life. That doesn't entail erasure. I doubt that
             | people consider the complete background of authors when
             | sharing inspirational quotes. The "I had a dream" speech
             | and quote is powerful and meaningful to the individual
             | because of what it reads, not necessarily who wrote it.
             | That's why you'll see people quote people who are arguably
             | did good ... but also a lot of bad, e.g., Winston
             | Churchill.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/MzBm5
        
       | stjohnswarts wrote:
       | False correlation. People realizing that belief in imaginary
       | beings somewhere out there is false is a good thing. Any
       | correlation at the same time of a rise in people becoming
       | political or ideological zealots has nothing to do with the
       | failure of religion in modern science based societies.
        
         | plaidfuji wrote:
         | Agreed that weakening religious ideology is good, but disagree
         | that it's uncorrelated with changing politics. A large part of
         | evangelical political backlash is explicitly rooted in the
         | disappearance of religious symbolism and language from American
         | public life. Exhibit A would be the absurd furor over Starbucks
         | cups not saying "Merry Christmas". The current intensifying
         | political divide has a lot to do with devout Christians feeling
         | insecure about their diminishing societal influence and the
         | author manages to completely ignore that glaringly obvious
         | fact.
         | 
         | The interesting argument IMO is that current secular ideology
         | seems to trend toward "ignore all religious holidays" or
         | "remove all religious symbolism from society" when a perfectly
         | rational and arguably more populist alternative would be to
         | include and celebrate them all.
        
       | grasshopperpurp wrote:
       | Any pattern of thoughts that has been grouped into a discipline,
       | whether religious or secular, can - imo - be viewed as a best
       | effort by a group or individual that was then adopted by the
       | group. That doesn't mean they're equal, but I think it's helpful
       | framing.
       | 
       | Setting aside fundamentalists, people are using combinations of
       | these disciplines to make sense of life. Epiphanies which are
       | liberating to me may be terrifying or unimportant to you and vice
       | versa. The need to conform can be helpful on a societal level
       | (particularly from a bird's-eye view) and harmful on an
       | individual level. At some point, the individual harm affects
       | enough individuals that there is a noticeable backlash, and we
       | see some form of reorganization of beliefs.
       | 
       | Most people aren't built for serious thought. Maybe someone has a
       | better idea than I do how it breaks down on the nature/nature
       | scale, but the average person will always be more concerned with
       | the signaling aspects of a given belief than the belief itself.
       | As a human trying to survive or thrive, you increase your margin
       | for error by squeezing into a group. How you choose the group or
       | if it's chosen for you will again depend on some combination of
       | internal and external factors.
       | 
       | Whether we like it or not, we're building this thing together,
       | and it's to our benefit to be curious and compassionate about the
       | beliefs of others. It doesn't mean converting or losing your
       | religion, but if I understand what motivates you, I can propose
       | comprises that work for both parties. Of cours, there will always
       | be assholes who must have everything their way, but don't be
       | cynical. Most people are capable of compromise, just as most
       | people are capable of love and hope.
        
       | version_five wrote:
       | I'm not religious, not an atheist either. When I was a kid we
       | went to church. I'm curious what (if anything) other parents
       | substitute for organized religion with their kids. Or do you
       | choose to participate anyway even if not devout? To be clear, I'm
       | a big fan of questioning everything, but I definitely see
       | benefits to being part of something like organized religion and
       | wonder how I will fill that void with my son.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | Honestly I don't know. My parents were not religious and so I'm
         | not baptized and never went to church. It's like when people
         | ask me: didn't you miss not having a brother or a sister? Well
         | how can I miss it if I never had it? Instead they had friends
         | and we did camping trips, and dinners, and bbqs, and we went to
         | the movies, and to the acquarium, and stuff...
        
         | betwixthewires wrote:
         | Let them be religious. If their mother is religious and wants
         | them in a church let it happen.
         | 
         | My only rule is when they ask me what I believe I will not lie
         | to them. But they can be religious if they want.
        
         | sudosteph wrote:
         | What gap did you feel that church filled in your own childhood?
         | 
         | I went to church as a kid too, but the only positive thing I
         | remember about it has a secular alternatives (youth choir).
         | 
         | Otherwise I just remember: Wearing uncomfortable clothes and
         | trying to sit still while bored out of mind for an hour, trying
         | to intentionally make us late so we wouldn't have to go, my dad
         | getting angry at me for intentionally making us late, spending
         | forever sitting in traffic and finding a parking spot.
        
       | sidlls wrote:
       | > Few people understand that most religions e.g. Judaism and
       | Christianity have an apologetic discipline - a deliberate arm
       | open to debate.
       | 
       | The range of permissible debate is quite narrow in reality, and
       | usually start from an assumption that the core tenets are more or
       | less true.
       | 
       | > If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
       | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular ideology
       | that you have adopted.
       | 
       | You're basically defining all belief as religious belief. You're
       | welcome to it, but it's not particularly useful or constructive.
       | And suggesting those that don't have the belief haven't actually
       | thought about it, or lack the tools to do so, is a bit
       | antagonistic, really.
        
         | Cyberthal wrote:
         | > The range of permissible debate is quite narrow in reality
         | 
         | What? Christian apologetics meets atheists, Satanists,
         | Darwinists, whoever. I don't even know how restricting
         | apologetics to a very narrow permissible debate would work,
         | unless like the MSM one can control which opponent gets on the
         | mic.
         | 
         | Christians enforce a narrow range of theological divergence
         | acceptable as orthodox, but that is not apologetics.
         | 
         | > You're basically defining all belief as religious belief
         | 
         | No he isn't. He's defining humans as religious, and observing
         | that the absence of affiliation with a major organized religion
         | doesn't change this.
         | 
         | I live in a Communist country in which the Party sometimes
         | explicitly substitutes for a church. In the USA, congress shall
         | make no law respecting an establishment of religion, which
         | means that naturally a state church will evolve that denies
         | being a state church -- both the "state" and "church" parts.
         | Humans being both religious and hierarchical, it's often tricky
         | to determine whether state is running church or vice versa. The
         | ball is always under the other cup.
         | 
         | If you dare, I'm sure you can think of a few recently-invented
         | blasphemies which if violated would result in censure of a
         | progressively more official nature. Whoever can hunt witches,
         | holds the pulpit, even if it comes with a press badge rather
         | than a funny hat.
         | 
         | Remember to recycle.
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | I had an otherwise enjoyable conversation with a just recently-
         | turned-religious person. As soon as core tenets, as you nicely
         | put it, where up for discussion, conversation came to a
         | screeching halt. People who think the ten amendments must be
         | strictly followed have a lot of cognitive dissonance to
         | resolve, and reasoning is not welcome.
         | 
         | The same person asked me into great detail why vaccinations
         | should be a good idea, and expected me to provide all the
         | answers.
         | 
         | We both remained at our positions - she's now contemplating
         | homeschooling her kid because of mask requirements, and I still
         | don't believe in a religion that says my gay friends need to
         | become straight.
        
           | friedman23 wrote:
           | You can't think of anything you believe in that if someone
           | came to you to "discuss" you wouldn't react instantly
           | negative and start calling the other person insults?
        
             | sidlls wrote:
             | Why bother? I don't hold any belief strongly enough to
             | merit such a reaction, though I might react negatively for
             | other reasons. For example, past experience showing the
             | insincerity of their own debate tactics and a lack of
             | patience for rehashing it all yet again.
        
               | friedman23 wrote:
               | I don't know you and can't speak for you. But my point
               | that all the people on here criticizing people on their
               | moral systems are baseless stands. These same people
               | would've been in the mob in salem executing so called
               | witches a couple hundred years ago and would have been
               | just as certain in their beliefs then.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | It is funny seeing this:
               | 
               | > These same people would've been in the mob in salem
               | executing so called witches a couple hundred years ago
               | and would have been just as certain in their beliefs
               | then.
               | 
               | after this:
               | 
               | > I don't know you and can't speak for you.
        
               | Haiatu wrote:
               | Religion is dividing our society. Its reasonable to wish
               | for an independent believe system for our whole society.
               | 
               | Nonetheless arguing on hn is not a mob.
               | 
               | But yes discriminiation of woman is a bigger problem than
               | religion. Forced marriages, hanging gay people, raping
               | children, religious conflicts are a huge issue still
               | today.
               | 
               | Unfortunate for us, sciencse or a global believe system
               | doesn't need to have a church. It happens trhough
               | alignment, communication etc.
               | 
               | We are already more aligned through knowledge but we just
               | don't promote that. My friend and i are not going to our
               | science church on sunday because we don't need to. We
               | don't need to discuss 1+1=2 because its proven. And while
               | social norms are not that explicit, we see big progress
               | here as well: In germany for example, we don't hang
               | people on carcranes because they are gay.
               | 
               | Its just harder to keep track of this and doing the right
               | thing if you don't get it pushed in every sunday. And
               | indepenedent of this, in bavaria you had one hour every
               | week christian religion in school. I grew up with plenty
               | of assholes. Clearly religioun did not brought us as
               | humans together.
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | AFAIK witch hunts were often driven by political reasons
               | and the church lent their credibility for it. Sometimes
               | the church initiated them. Claiming atheists would have
               | been a part of this is a bit far fetched, to put it
               | mildly.
        
             | manmal wrote:
             | Nothing comes to mind, really. I call people names when
             | they threaten my life in traffic, but that's about it.
        
           | 1123581321 wrote:
           | What led her to change to the religion?
        
             | manmal wrote:
             | Hard to tell for me what triggered this. She completely
             | changed careers at that point it seems, maybe it was
             | burnout.
        
           | Thorrez wrote:
           | >the ten amendments
           | 
           | That's hilarious. I'm not sure if that's a typo or joke. It
           | also makes me think of the US Bill of Rights, which are the
           | first ten amendments to the US Constitution.
        
         | Thorrez wrote:
         | >The range of permissible debate is quite narrow in reality,
         | and usually start from an assumption that the core tenets are
         | more or less true.
         | 
         | The purpose of apologetics is to defend the faith debates with
         | people of other religions or atheists. If there are rules about
         | not allowing certain things to be debated that's not going to
         | work at all.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | You raised a good point about all belief vs religious belief.
         | 
         | Which beliefs do you take on faith? Which would have you
         | outcast if you didn't believe them? Which lead you to a
         | personal sacrifice? Which beliefs cause great anxiety or
         | pleasure with no tangible evidence?
         | 
         | Not comprehensive but those are categories of beliefs elevated
         | to religious in nature.
         | 
         | For example, believing that the Lakers are the best basketball
         | team probably is not religious, but believing that your life
         | got substantially better or worse following an election would
         | be a religious belief.
        
           | kemayo wrote:
           | Religion has a meaning, and it specifically relates to the
           | supernatural. If something makes no supernatural claims, it's
           | not a religion.
           | 
           | To whit, "believing that your life got substantially better
           | or worse following an election" would _not_ be a religious
           | belief. This is because it can be tested, and would have a
           | simple cause /effect based in physical reality. It might be
           | an intangible "I feel better about things because I know
           | people agree with me, and think that people in positions of
           | political power will support my interests" -- but there's
           | nothing _supernatural_ about that.
           | 
           | As was said, if you want to redefine the word "religion" to
           | mean "any sort of belief system", then sure, go for it. It's
           | a great way to troll and provoke arguments.
        
           | __s wrote:
           | So I think I came across an article which touches on what
           | you're getting at:
           | https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/people-
           | wit...
           | 
           | For me atheism & nihilism go a bit hand in hand, but there
           | are atheists who aren't nihilists, which then have to still
           | level their disbelief in god with faith in meaningfulness
        
         | dang wrote:
         | We detached this subthread from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27488136.
        
         | friedman23 wrote:
         | > usually start from an assumption that the core tenets are
         | more or less true.
         | 
         | You use this as a criticism of religion but I find it's true of
         | secular people as well who have baseless beliefs that are just
         | as deeply ingrained.
         | 
         | Telling someone on hackernews you are religious you will
         | probably get a ton of criticism and downvotes. You know what
         | will get the same reaction? Telling someone you are a moral
         | nihilist.
         | 
         | Why is murder evil? Why is stealing evil? Why is anything evil
         | or good for that matter? At least religious people have answers
         | to these questions. (Although I don't think they are
         | necessarily good answers, why is something good because some
         | omnipotent being said so? what if that omnipotent being was
         | evil?)
         | 
         | I feel like I'm screaming at windmills but _everything_ people
         | get hysterical over in our modern world is baseless. _All_
         | values do not stand up to scrutiny and can be argued against
         | using the one word question  "why?"
         | 
         | edit: I was predictably downvoted, please don't take this as me
         | complaining and trying to claim victimhood because it truly
         | doesn't affect me. I just find it funny how uncomfortable my
         | comment makes people that are supposedly open minded and
         | critical of their beliefs but surprisingly share the same
         | beliefs as their entire social group.
        
           | TimPC wrote:
           | There is an entire branch of Philosophy called Ethics that
           | gives us better answers to these questions and a better
           | framework for grappling with them then religion ever has. It
           | is quite arrogant to assume that atheists have no answers at
           | all to these questions.
        
             | friedman23 wrote:
             | Ah yeah, good argument, a field of study exists. Given you
             | are a well educated atheist you can explain the
             | underpinnings of your morality right?
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | Yes. A set of _ab initio_ values and the golden rule as a
               | base, and societal consensus to work out the finer
               | details.
        
           | colinmhayes wrote:
           | People have spent millenia thinking about rational answers to
           | those questions. It's easy enough to find answers, but much
           | like with religion there is no consensus. The answers follow
           | a much more rigorous logic then "god said so" though. I'm not
           | a moral nihillist because that's not a thing, but I am a
           | moral anti-realist because it's clear that there are no
           | intrinsic moral laws. It's all preference based.
        
             | rsj_hn wrote:
             | It is not all preference based, as very few moral systems
             | lead to thriving societies that are stable and able to
             | self-reproduce rather than collapsing back into chaos. In
             | fact, almost none do.
             | 
             | Take a look at the ten commandments. "Honor thy father and
             | mother so that it may be well with you and you may live
             | long in the land". What happens when generation n+1 thinks
             | they are morally superior to generation n? The same also
             | holds for n+2, and so you do not have a stable society, you
             | have a disintegrating society. Or half the commandments
             | banning envy. Why ban envy and wanting what your neighbor
             | has? Because envy-based moral systems lead to less
             | successful societies than charity based moral systems,
             | where the rich are told they should be generous to the poor
             | versus telling the poor that they have a right to something
             | possessed by the rich. It is not arbitrary -- some ethical
             | codes lead to stable, successful societies and others do
             | not.
             | 
             | One of the problems with modernism is that we have thrown
             | away this notion of reverence and replaced it with a belief
             | in moral progress, which has only led to an ocean of
             | murders and social disintegration. In 10 generations, there
             | will be no modernism left, it will be re-absorbed into more
             | traditional societies, because modernist societies aren't
             | able to reproduce themselves. Not biologically, not
             | ethically, not economically. Yes, there are a few Gene
             | Roddenberry holdouts that believe in generic liberalism as
             | a system on which a society can be based. But the voice of
             | LaFayette is always drowned out by the voice of
             | Robespierre. Lafayette was a fool, thinking that whatever
             | seemed right to him could be the basis of a society.
             | 
             | So it's not so much that I believe I can win an argument
             | with someone who believes moral systems are preference
             | based, but that those who do believe that will simply be
             | outcompeted. Societies in which large numbers hold to such
             | views will be unable to reproduce themselves and they will
             | be eclipsed by societies that adopt ethical codes that form
             | specific templates. A painter can paint a picture of any
             | creature, but actual living, successful organisms are under
             | strict constraints. A philosopher can imagine any moral
             | code, but living, successful societies have to stick to
             | what actually works.
        
               | kemayo wrote:
               | I think you're arguing against something the grandparent
               | didn't claim? They didn't say that various moral systems
               | wouldn't have different outcomes, just that none of them
               | would be intrinsically correct.
               | 
               | We can note, for instance, that "produces a thriving
               | society" is a thing for which you're imposing a
               | preference. There's no inherent reason why that's _the
               | true system_ , just that we think it'd be nifty if that
               | was an outcome.
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | The ten commandments have things to say about working on
               | Saturdays or fucking people whom you have not married,
               | but don't have a word on the topic of slavery (in fact it
               | is amply condoned in the Bible, incl. by Jesus, together
               | with myriad other atrocities).
               | 
               | This is trash morality which you should have zero respect
               | for. It's only understandable if you take it for what it
               | really is: Bronze age Middle-Eastern mythology.
               | 
               | > where the rich are told they should be generous to the
               | poor versus telling the poor that they have a right to
               | something possessed by the rich.
               | 
               |  _But of facking course._ Indeed, one of the major
               | purposes of organized religion is keeping the masses in
               | check.
               | 
               | "Why peasant, perhaps you are starting to question why
               | you toil in back breaking work and neither you nor your
               | family will ever have any rights or anything to your
               | name, while the lord of the manor feasts on the food that
               | you have produced without ever so much as grabbing a plow
               | in his life? Perhaps you even start to think that you're
               | not so much different, you and him, that you are both
               | human?
               | 
               | Perhaps, god forbid, you are starting to believe that a
               | more just way to distribute labour and rewards could be
               | yours? That you should struggle and take what should be
               | yours?
               | 
               | Can't have that no! Here:
               | 
               | - Honour your """natural""" superiors
               | 
               | - Obey god (i.e. the priests and clergy)
               | 
               | - Do not covet what's not yours
               | 
               | That should do it. Obey these commandments or you'll go
               | to hell for eternity!"
               | 
               | How convenient.
        
               | vxNsr wrote:
               | > _fucking people whom you have not married,_
               | 
               | This is false, it says don't covet your neighbors wife.
               | 
               | > _working on Saturdays_
               | 
               | This has been shown time and again to boost productivity
               | immensely to say nothing for mental health.
               | 
               | You seem to have a bone to pick but don't understand the
               | thing you're arguing against.
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | Oh, I understand alright, it's you that are already set
               | on a conclusion and then pretend to be discussing it.
               | 
               | > false, it says don't covet your neighbors wife.
               | 
               | It says "don't commit adultery" too. Like I say, god
               | almighty creator of heavan and earth and the whole
               | universe has things to say about me and my gf fucking
               | before we're married. I call bullshit :)
               | 
               | And the "dont't covet" verse is also great: don't covet
               | your neighbour's property (already this is problematic
               | but okay), which includes: cattle, his donkey, _his wife,
               | or his servants_.
               | 
               | I don't want to worship a set of commandments that puts
               | people on the same footing as oxen. In repeat: disgusting
               | morals which ought to be worth zero to a civilized
               | person.
        
               | vxNsr wrote:
               | There's some major projection going on here.
               | 
               | You're wrong again, both with your interpretations and
               | what it means to worship something.
               | 
               | Let's unpack: adultery in this context doesn't mean
               | premarital sex, it means sex with someone who is already
               | married. And in the context of the bible, you are likely
               | married to your gf so actually you're already keeping
               | this one, good job!
               | 
               | > _And the "dont't covet" verse is also great: don't
               | covet your neighbour's property (already this is
               | problematic but okay), which includes: cattle, his
               | donkey, his wife, or his servants._
               | 
               | This is just false. commandment 9 is don't covet
               | neighbor's wife and commandment 10 is don't covet
               | neighbor's property.
               | 
               | > _I don 't want to worship a set of commandments_
               | 
               | This isn't about choice my friend: You don't get to
               | choose to obey the "laws" of gravity. They just are,
               | whether you agree with them or not they are the laws of
               | the universe. god's commandments are the same. whether
               | your small mind is able to comprehend what they mean or
               | not the laws will make you a better and happier person
               | (which just based on this thread you clearly are still in
               | search of). Truthfully though, the 10 commandments don't
               | even apply to you as a gentile. you only need to worry
               | about the 7 noahide laws, and those are honestly a lot
               | easier, because they all just boil down to: don't be a
               | dick. [Admittedly, you might still have trouble with the
               | first 2 because they also deal with accepting a higher
               | power, and you seem bent on believing despite all
               | evidence to the contrary that you alone control the
               | universe. If you've ever been part of AA you'd know that
               | accepting there is a power other than you in control is
               | essential to happiness and satisfaction in life]
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | Your complete lack of self awareness makes me understand
               | this conversation will go nowhere, so perhaps we'd better
               | stop here.
               | 
               | You don't get to cherry pick what you like and what you
               | don't like. Your funny book says this, verbatim (NRSV):
               | "You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not
               | covet your neighbor's wife, or male or female slave, or
               | ox, or donkey, or anything that belongs to your
               | neighbor.". Therefore putting oxen, donkey, slaves, and
               | wives on the same category: your property. So regarding
               | this:
               | 
               | > This is just false. commandment 9 is don't covet
               | neighbor's wife and commandment 10 is don't covet
               | neighbor's property.
               | 
               | I suggest you learn more about your own religion and
               | realise there's no numbering in the bible, it's only a
               | matter of tradition, and some traditions divide it one
               | way and other another (summary table: https://en.wikipedi
               | a.org/wiki/Ten_Commandments#Numbering).
               | 
               | Regarding adultery: opinions are divided about what it
               | means (already a sign that perhaps such a vague, easily
               | misinterpreted passage might not be the eternal perfect
               | word of god...). Influent people such as St Paul or
               | Calvin say it refers to relations outside a formally
               | declared marriage. And citing Corinthians 6:
               | 
               | "Do not be deceived: neither the sexually immoral, nor
               | idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who practice
               | homosexuality, nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor
               | drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers will inherit the
               | kingdom of God."
               | 
               | therefore putting thieves and fraudsters in the same
               | category as me as a homosexual "adulterer".
               | 
               | > you seem bent on believing despite all evidence to the
               | contrary that you alone control the universe
               | 
               | Aaaaaaaaaaaa! The lack of self-awareness is out of this
               | world! Precisely _it 's you_ who claim that the universe,
               | the stars, all laws of nature, and our own tiny tiny rock
               | floating through space, were made for _YOU_ and that YOU
               | are the centre of the universe! You can 't get any more
               | megalomaniacal than that :)
               | 
               | Here's a suggestion: contemplate this https://upload.wiki
               | media.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Pale_Blu...
               | 
               | while listening to this
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3F2NeH_-f34
               | 
               | PS:
               | 
               | > If you've ever been part of AA you'd know that
               | accepting there is a power other than you in control is
               | essential to happiness and satisfaction in life
               | 
               | I had happiness and satisfaction in life when I embraced
               | Humanism in detriment of religion. I like the person
               | which I am today! So I'm happy for you that you're happy
               | with your religion, so long as it doesn't motivate you to
               | evil. But please kindly refrain from insulting other
               | people who don't share your views.
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | "If a man lies with a male as with a woman, both of them
               | have committed an abomination; they shall surely be put
               | to death; their blood is upon them."
               | 
               | You can't tell me the bibles moral framework is
               | reasonable when it says to kill gay people.
        
               | vxNsr wrote:
               | Hello red herring, how are you today, no I don't think
               | I'll have any, thank you
        
               | selfhoster11 wrote:
               | Please look deeper into what version of slavery is
               | described by the Bible. It's very, very different to
               | Southern USA style slavery, and much less cruel. You can
               | criticize it all you want, but please don't tar both with
               | the same brush.
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | The bible includes god commanding genocidal rape, how the
               | poor go into debt bondage or sell their daughters as sex
               | slaves, and how beating a slave to death is only allowed
               | if he takes more than a day to expire. Thoroughly
               | disgusting that you try to wash this.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | There is such a wide gulf between what religious folk
               | (well, American religious folk at least) think they
               | represent, and how they actually act. E.g. my brother-in-
               | law is a devout Christian and is extremely fond of saying
               | 'What would Jesus do' and then proceeding to do the
               | opposite.
               | 
               | What is tearing apart America right now? Politics? No.
               | Evangelical politics. It does not bring stability.
        
               | friedman23 wrote:
               | We have countries today that treat women as second class
               | citizens and still practice slavery and they can be
               | considered "thriving" societies which are completely
               | different from the Western world which can also be
               | considered to be made up of "thriving" societies.
               | 
               | So if the requirement for a moral system to be "true" is
               | for it to result in a thriving society we have a problem
               | because we still have competing moral systems.
               | 
               | And even if we somehow whittled down to one global
               | system, just because people believe in it doesn't make it
               | true (do you need me to provide examples of nearly
               | universal beliefs that were proven untrue later?)
        
           | jart wrote:
           | When I think of religion in the context of Hacker News I
           | think of things like Michael O. Church evangelizing
           | functional programming or the people who challenged the
           | epistemological paradigm of the cladistics journal which must
           | be parsimony. So I feel confused when I see the other kind of
           | religion here. One way you could make us feel even more
           | uncomfortable is by sharing information we haven't
           | considered, like a weakness in a computer system or a
           | contradiction in a generally accepted practice.
        
           | kazoomonger wrote:
           | It's actually very simple. There is no such thing as
           | objective morality. However, social norms are explained by
           | people acting in their own rational self-interest. For
           | example, I want to live in a society where I don't get
           | murdered. Therefore, I want to live in a society that
           | criminalizes murder. That's all there is to it. That is your
           | "Why?" answered.
           | 
           | To go one step further, the why of questions like "Why don't
           | you want to get murdered?" are because I come from a long
           | line of organisms that didn't get murdered because of a high
           | drive to not get murdered. The ones without that drive got
           | weeded out. There's still no morality involved, I just
           | axiomatically don't want to get murdered.
        
           | mEATsack wrote:
           | > Why is murder evil? Why is stealing evil? Why is anything
           | evil or good for that matter?
           | 
           | These are covered by the Universal Declaration of Human
           | Rights, Evil in this context is any violation of rights as
           | defined by the UDHR
           | 
           | https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-
           | huma...
           | 
           | Why resort to a religion when you can have empathy for your
           | fellow human, seems like a waste of time :)
        
             | jturpin wrote:
             | The UN does not decide what is _evil_ or not, and empathy
             | is not some self-evident trait from which all objective
             | morality comes from. You could possibly argue that empathy
             | is evolutionary and aids society and in that way has some
             | objective merit, but the GP is right, we have to accept
             | that our moral systems are rooted in some assumptions.
        
           | mLuby wrote:
           | > Why is murder evil? Why is stealing evil? Why is anything
           | evil or good for that matter? At least religious people have
           | answers to these questions.
           | 
           | Hard to answer without first defining evil (ideally avoiding
           | Godwin's law).
        
       | hilbertseries wrote:
       | It's interesting how you've written so much here and not given
       | what concrete example. Makes it very difficult to examine your
       | argument, when you simply state that secular ideology is
       | religious. I think it's worth noting the definition of secular
       | is:
       | 
       | > denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no
       | religious or spiritual basis.
        
         | klipt wrote:
         | One example I've noticed of a non-religious group acting
         | similarly to a religious group is certain very online feminist
         | communities.
         | 
         | Instead of original sin, they believe that society hates women,
         | and this is the root of all society's problems.
         | 
         | Instead of regular repentance, they advise regularly checking
         | your privilege / fighting your internalized misogyny.
         | 
         | Anyone who questions their beliefs must be a heretic who hates
         | women and must be cancelled. Etc.
        
           | hpoe wrote:
           | Now you're getting it most people need and want something to
           | believe in. But because traditional religion isn't
           | fashionable they've found their new religion in the church of
           | Social Justice.
        
           | pengstrom wrote:
           | With the exception of being based on analysis and generally
           | welcoming genuine inquiry.
        
             | klipt wrote:
             | Any community based on analysis doesn't fall under the set
             | I'm talking about.
             | 
             | I'm talking about the kind of people who would look at an
             | abused man and assume, a priori, that he did something to
             | deserve it, because their worldview precluded the idea that
             | anyone other than women can be abused.
        
         | fufmaya wrote:
         | Secular beliefs are invariably religious positions.
         | 
         | It comes down to what you believe is axiomatic about the world.
         | 
         | For example, asserting that life is soulless and meaningless is
         | to take a stand on something that you cannot know. It's a
         | religious position.
         | 
         | All secular beliefs stem from similarly foundationless
         | religious positions.
         | 
         | Or maybe not foundationless, but without acknowledgement of the
         | religious roots (that is, positions that require faith), which
         | is probably worse than acknowledging that the beliefs you hold
         | cannot be proven.
         | 
         | It's worse because it leads people to believe they have a leg
         | up on those religious clods with their backwards ways. When you
         | don't recognize the things you assume about the world require
         | faith, there is no corrective mechanism capable of opening your
         | mind to other possibilities. Secular people and secular beliefs
         | are ironically very close minded.
         | 
         | Take all the things that you believe to be true and work
         | backwards to first principles. What are the assumptions that
         | those principles require to be true?
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | Your soul example is not axiomatic.
           | 
           | The actual axiom is that real things are observable/that
           | empiricism is true. That's not even a required secular thing;
           | secular folks can believe in souls as well, or be
           | rationalists, where what's real does not depend on what you
           | can observe.
           | 
           | But for some subset of us, the soul is not measurable, nor
           | can youcreate a test to determine whether something has a
           | soul or not, so souls do not exist, by comparison to
           | something like the electrical charge.
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | Money, medicine, "tolerance", "racism", politically incorrect
         | language, natural selection, "the self," public figures (CEOs,
         | scientists, figureheads), celebrities, recycling, wearing
         | masks, the super bowl, the oscars, the multiverse, the big
         | bang, psychotherapy, anti-depressants, over-eating & dieting,
         | conspicuous traveling, visiting nature, architecture.
         | 
         | You can throw those into the religious categories e.g. virtue,
         | vice, deities, origin story etc.
         | 
         | I should also mention "original sin" - you can guess examples
         | of those - in america that would be "racism".
         | 
         | I'm not taking good / bad position just applying religious lens
         | to secular lifestyle.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | and I forgot two qualities that are both states of being &
           | virtues: love & happiness.
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | > I'm not taking good / bad position just applying religious
           | lens to secular lifestyle.
           | 
           | I think your way of speaking about this doesn't do them any
           | justice.
           | 
           | Frankly, reading those descriptions, I would assume you're an
           | atheist.
        
           | IggleSniggle wrote:
           | These things typically fall under the umbrella of "culture,"
           | of which religion is one defining aspect, to greater or
           | lesser extents.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | ... cheese, machine screws, steering wheel covers, arriving
           | on time for appointments, the CIA, and Thursday. Have we left
           | anything out?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | Horses and paper too
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | Many of the things in the secular world must be taken on faith
         | (belief absent inassailable truth). Truth is difficult and
         | unclear.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | Can you give me an example or two to clarify? Many things
           | might not be well known to someone, but _could_ be if they
           | wanted to track down that information. That 's a little
           | different than something which has to be taken on faith by
           | _everyone_.
        
             | deertick1 wrote:
             | Well the scientific method is fundamentally faith based in
             | that we assume that there are immutable properties of
             | thebuniverse that can be discovered and that our perception
             | allows us to interrogate these properties.
             | 
             | Yes this is a very well corroborated claim, but
             | fundamentally faith based nonetheless.
        
               | hooande wrote:
               | The difference is that science, by nature, must produce
               | testable hypotheses. I don't assume on faith that F=ma. I
               | can make a prediction of what the force will be based on
               | ma, and then conduct an experiment to see if that's true
               | 
               | I cannot test whether or not I will go to heaven after I
               | die. This belief requires faith
        
               | eightysixfour wrote:
               | > Yes, this is a very well corroborated claim, but
               | fundamentally faith based nonetheless.
               | 
               | This is a really weird statement to me - what is the
               | definition of faith that you are working from?
               | 
               | As someone who grew up in an evangelical environment,
               | "faith" was the belief in God and his plans ("Have faith
               | this will work out, God would only give you what you can
               | handle." type of thing). Outside of that context I've
               | generally understand it to mean "believing without
               | evidence."
               | 
               | A well corroborated claim is the opposite of lacking in
               | evidence and does not require belief in God. This sounds
               | like you are conflating "belief" and "faith," which are
               | not the same. I believe the sun is coming up tomorrow
               | because the preponderance of evidence says it will, that
               | does not require faith.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | Assuming that something is true for constructive
               | reasoning purposes is not "faith-based", it is
               | probabilistic. I don't have "faith" that the sun will
               | rise tomorrow but I assign it a high probability based on
               | priors for the purposes of practical reasoning. We
               | provisionally accept certain axioms because of their high
               | utility but the axioms may be discarded at any time if
               | the utility or correctness is in doubt. Non-axiomatic
               | reasoning systems are a real thing, we use them in
               | computer science.
               | 
               | This entire discussion is predicated on a minimalist set
               | of mathematical axioms being valid, but there isn't even
               | agreement on what that set of axioms is (though it may
               | seem so to a layman). We still manage to get on in the
               | world because we can do highly effective utilitarian
               | reasoning without that being resolved.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | I look at it in a different way, like a game. Science is
               | not a _belief_ about the properties of the universe.
               | 
               | Rather, science is an _inquiry_ into what can be learned
               | about the universe under certain limiting assumptions.
               | Like a game, it has certain rules, at least on a
               | tentative basis.
               | 
               | To make an analogy, chess seeks to find out what kinds of
               | tactics can defeat the enemy's King under assumptions
               | about how the Queen can move, but does not imply a belief
               | or faith about Queens.
               | 
               | Science doesn't preclude parallel games or fields of
               | inquiry being played under different rules, such as the
               | theologies of religions, perhaps political ideologies,
               | literature, music, and so forth. Some people play
               | multiple games at once. My parents were educated in
               | theology, but became good scientists. I'm a scientist but
               | also a musician.
               | 
               | In my view, the thing that makes science stick out is not
               | its relationship to religion, but its success. I think
               | that in the 17th century, scholars mostly assumed that
               | science would peter out -- it would run into a brick
               | wall, or merge with theology. That it has done neither of
               | those things could not have been predicted at the time,
               | and inspires a certain amount of awe today, as well as an
               | attraction to curious minds.
        
               | pengstrom wrote:
               | It's a little more insidious than that. The great
               | majority of people will never personally replicate a
               | finding. They will depend entirely on the honesty
               | of/faith in the entire chain between scientist and
               | messanger. it just turns out it mostly works.
        
               | hellotomyrars wrote:
               | Don't let perfect be the enemy of good?
               | 
               | Also the subject matter is in many cases very different,
               | and even if someone doesn't understand the science behind
               | something they can observe and see a tangible result.
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | The scientific method does not make that assumption. The
               | scientific method only assumes/requires that doing the
               | same thing exactly the same twice will produce the same
               | results. Everything is built on top of that.
               | 
               | > that our perception allows us to interrogate these
               | properties.
               | 
               | That's not about science, that's about logic. Anything
               | that can interact with people can be detected and
               | interrogated. It does not exclude the possibility that
               | other things may exist but there is both no way for us to
               | interact with those things and, as such, they have no
               | relevance to our lives.
        
             | redis_mlc wrote:
             | > something which has to be taken on faith by everyone
             | 
             | - corona absolutely can't be a lab leak, and will be banned
             | by social media as a conspiracy theory
             | 
             | - flimsy masks and t-shirts prevent the spread of corona
             | according to govt. officials
             | 
             | Oh wait ...
        
         | reddog wrote:
         | The best example I can think of would be the Chinese cultural
         | revolution. Millions killed and hundreds of millions had their
         | lives destroyed because they were perceived by the "faithful"
         | (by mostly highschool and college age Chinese, not police or
         | military) as as not being true to Maos teaching.
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | That's pretty easy to understand in terms of power and
           | secular belief, I don't see why religion is needed or
           | particularly helpful.
        
             | reddog wrote:
             | The 30 years war, the 7 years war, the crusades, the
             | inquisition, the witch hunts can also be understood in
             | terms of power and secular belief. That does not mean they
             | were not also powered by religous fervor.
             | 
             | Or the break it down: Mao is the godhead, the little black
             | book the scripture, the gang of four the disciples, the 4
             | olds the devil, the red guard the clergy and inquisitors,
             | communism the religion and promised socialist utopia the
             | heaven. Watch some youtube videos of red guard rallies and
             | tell me you are not watching a religious service akin to a
             | evangelical tent revival.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | We detached this subthread from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27488136.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | As religious faith has declined, computers have also gotten a lot
       | faster, and there are far fewer three-camera sitcoms being shot.
       | Also, the religiously faithful have become a lot more
       | ideologically intense. I guess the Civil War and the Cold War
       | were a relative time of peace compared to now, when pundits get
       | yelled at on twitter.
       | 
       | Liberals (social and economic) continue to fall for the
       | moderation fallacy and to cite the law of averages. I guess it's
       | just six of one and half a dozen of the other, it'll all come out
       | in the wash, and the more things change, the more things stay the
       | same.
        
       | TeeMassive wrote:
       | It is not the first time that certain ideologies were seen having
       | characteristics often associated with religious faith. There this
       | French intellectual named Raymond Aron who wrote a book called
       | "The Opium of the Intellectuals"
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Opium_of_the_Intellectuals).
       | He also used to be a schoolmate of Sarte.
       | 
       | He goes in very great details (although this is hard to read even
       | for me as a native French speaker) about how his intellectual
       | contemporaries (most of them Marxists) used to believe in the
       | same kind of myths that are usually associated with religion. The
       | proletariat as a messiah, the Left being the road towards
       | Progress and the inevitable fate of Humanity pass to the next
       | stage, that in all societies History is unavoidably leaning
       | towards the same finality, the State has replaced Providence and
       | is seen as a guide that shepherds the people.
        
       | sethc2 wrote:
       | This seems counterintuitive to me if we assume a causal
       | relationship. I'd imagine lessening religious faith would lessen
       | ideological intensity. Then again when it was assumed most people
       | were "religious", it meant there was some higher thing than
       | ourselves that we shared we could unify on. God however you take
       | him, is at least a symbol of something above us, bigger than
       | individuals, of an immaterial nature.
       | 
       | With the annihilation of God in the public discourse, we have to
       | find something else bigger than ourselves that we can unify
       | around on, and the ideological intensity maybe stems from arguing
       | what that higher thing is. Is it science, love, security,
       | pleasure, freedom? Different people will take on an ideology of
       | some sort, and the intensity will because one groups higher thing
       | they think is higher than another's. God was the trump card for
       | highest before, but now, I'm not sure.
        
       | gameswithgo wrote:
       | >The secular world would benefit from adopting more formal
       | definitions of their belief system.
       | 
       | Just as the religious world contains Christians, Jews,
       | Scientologists, Muslims, Hindus, et cetc" with sometimes
       | radically different ideas, the secular world too has a great many
       | different people with different belief systems.
       | 
       | >If you believe you are not religious, it just means that you
       | don't have the cognitive tools to recognize the secular ideology
       | that you have adopted
       | 
       | This is just a sort of tautological argument, wherein you adopt
       | that "to be religious" is the same as "to have a belief system".
       | Given that axiom, you are right! I'm a fairly militant atheist
       | but I have no problem accepting that I have a belief system, an
       | imperfect one too. I just don't think there is a god.
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | Atheism is actually polytheistic.
         | 
         | The Gods can be identified by answering these questions: "why
         | am I here?", "who am i?", "what should I do?", "what is true?",
         | "why should I suffer & die?", "what will happen tomorrow?",
         | "who matters more: myself or others?".
         | 
         | The deities of the secular religion would be "the self", your
         | parents, "the government/state and its figureheads" , money
         | (and the institutions controlling it), the earth / ecology/ the
         | environment , "science"
         | 
         | These are deities because they are the object of irrational
         | fear, worship, rituals & sacrifice.
         | 
         | To be clear, these gods are also worshiped by formally
         | religious people (christians, muslims etc).
        
           | markvdb wrote:
           | This could be useful as a metaphor, as an aid for some
           | religious people to help them understand atheists and
           | agnostics.
           | 
           | Imposing that metaphor as a truth when interacting with an
           | atheist is not useful though. If anything, insisting on
           | defining an atheist as religious shows an elementary lack of
           | respect.
        
           | testplzignore wrote:
           | Just because I bathe myself in sheep's blood every time the
           | Federal Reserve changes interest rates doesn't mean I think
           | they are a god.
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | Infidel! Everyone knows you're supposed to perform ritual
             | sacrifice at the next full moon, not bathe in sheep's
             | blood.
        
           | Boxxed wrote:
           | I'm not entirely sure what you're saying, but it's a little
           | bit odd to me that a non-religious person would necessarily
           | have an irrational fear of anything you mentioned. Where, in
           | your world view, is there room for someone who can think
           | critically and make rational decisions? Why must all of these
           | totally reasonable things that make up our world be feared?
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | They can also be worshipped / loved.
             | 
             | There could be rational worship & love e.g. loving your
             | parents because they care for you and they have direct
             | impact over your wellbeing.
             | 
             | Irrational worship/ love is loving and icon or demagogue :
             | extreme example being Kim Jong Il - when he is hurt or sad,
             | everyone is heart broken.
             | 
             | Even in the free world we worship these demagogues. When
             | trump is president many panic, some are elated. When the
             | next president comes, the roles reverse some are relieved
             | and some are sad.
        
           | foolinaround wrote:
           | i found this insightful - that there are also the same set of
           | 'gods' for both the religious and the athiest
        
           | mslm wrote:
           | You're likely going to get poured with downvotes from the
           | large number of atheists that browse this forum, but I
           | commend you for the brave comment. Now let me join you.
           | 
           | Effectively, yes, the primary atheist deity is material and
           | worldly pleasure. How that's particularly expressed is of
           | course different per person, but the core is that the atheist
           | follows the deity of their whims.
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | Atheism does not imply specific belief in any of those, only
           | a lack of belief in God's with specific characteristics.
        
           | trainsplanes wrote:
           | A lot of those questions would be answered by "I don't know",
           | and I don't know how that could be considered a god or
           | similar to religious thinking. "I don't know" is a concept
           | religions seek to avoid.
           | 
           | You seem to have some motivation to bring non-religious
           | people away from their thinking, or looking down on them in
           | some way, and making strange and spurious arguments in order
           | to do so.
        
           | mustafa_pasi wrote:
           | This is a standard argument most Christians make. It is not
           | really true. You do not have to believe anything. You do not
           | have to have answers.
           | 
           | Let me give you an analogy. Imagine growing up in a
           | militaristic society, and the expectation is that you join
           | the military and fight in whatever wars your imperialistic
           | country engages in. Now suppose you do not feel like doing
           | that. Then your community starts asking you, "but then, if
           | you don't fight with us, then who will you fight for?". Do
           | you feel in your life that you have to fight for one
           | particular empire?
        
             | User23 wrote:
             | Atheism is actually a species of the gnostic heresy.
             | Absolute certainty of the nonexistence of God is gnosis.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Absolute certainty of the nonexistence of God is
               | gnosis.
               | 
               | Absolute certainty of any spiritual truth is gnosis, but
               | that of the nonexistence God is not one of the Gnostic
               | heresies (which are specific heresies associated with the
               | specific Gnostics, not a anything which happens to fit
               | the definition of gnosiss.)
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | I think in order to convince yourself to give your life for
             | something, you have to have a religious belief in what you
             | are making the sacrifice for (greater good, community,
             | progeny, greatness of your leader, virtue of your country -
             | or for money if you are a mercenary). That would identify
             | the god of your religion
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | I think dying for your own children might be the only
             | exception
        
             | Thorrez wrote:
             | >You do not have to believe anything.
             | 
             | I think part of the confusion is there are multiple
             | definitions of "atheist". One definition is someone who
             | believes there is no god. That itself is a belief, so in
             | that case your description doesn't match atheist. But
             | another definition of atheist is someone who lacks a belief
             | in god. So then your description would match atheist.
             | 
             | Also there are multiple definition of "agnostic" making the
             | situation even more confusing.
        
             | vxNsr wrote:
             | In your analogy, by not fighting for the empire you _are_
             | making choice, and arguably it's to support the enemy.
             | 
             | But you're missing the larger point he's making and the
             | point the article is making, many ppl who claim to be
             | atheist do have a belief system, it's simply ill-defined.
             | Most atheists arguing in this thread will give answers and
             | do think they know the truth (it's that there is no god and
             | life is a hedonistic pursuit). And those beliefs build on
             | others and are built on by other beliefs/ideas as well.
             | 
             | You're making the same argument many make when trying to
             | build on wedge issues: take a tiny portion of a group that
             | is in no way representative of the larger group and then
             | make generalizations to prove your point.
             | 
             | Aside from you (I'm taking you at your word), I've yet to
             | meet an atheist who really had no beliefs.
        
         | xelxebar wrote:
         | > This is just a sort of tautological argument, wherein you
         | adopt that "to be religious" is the same as "to have a belief
         | system".
         | 
         | Not OP, but I think this is a pretty narrow reading of their
         | statement. Personally, I read it to be more about value and
         | community dynamics.
         | 
         | Institutionalized religions often are very explicit about their
         | (supposed) terminal values and arrange social situations to
         | explicitly work toward or reinforce those values. I believe OP
         | is pointing out that secular groups (at least those within view
         | of OP's demographics) mostly fail to have explicitly defined
         | value systems.
         | 
         | There is a difference between why we perform and action and the
         | reasons we give for performing the same action [citation
         | needed]. I think OP suggests that religions have structures
         | useful for cognating about the former more sharply than
         | secularism does.
        
           | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
           | > I believe OP is pointing out that secular groups (at least
           | those within view of OP's demographics) mostly fail to have
           | explicitly defined value systems.
           | 
           | And there are good reasons for that. The currently dominating
           | set of progressive views is inherently dynamic and based on
           | the Overton moving in one direction. This is in direct
           | opposition to religion where the basic set of values is
           | normally fixex, often by a sacred book containing the words
           | believed to be spoken by the founder or a deity.
        
           | joe_the_user wrote:
           | _I believe OP is pointing out that secular groups (at least
           | those within view of OP 's demographics) mostly fail to have
           | explicitly defined value systems._
           | 
           | You could say that secular groups may have implicit value
           | systems, may even implicitly enforce but because they haven't
           | made these values explicit, they allow to explicate, question
           | and change them - whereas religion is about maintain an
           | explicit and unchanging set of values.
           | 
           | So there's more to the not-explicitness of a secular process
           | than "a religion that doesn't say it's a religion".
        
           | lhorie wrote:
           | > I believe OP is pointing out that secular groups (at least
           | those within view of OP's demographics) mostly fail to have
           | explicitly defined value systems.
           | 
           | I read it like that as well. I've seen this idea illustrated
           | this way: a kid raised in a religious community gets drilled
           | from an early age about morals as an umbrella abstraction (in
           | the form of allegories from religious texts), so they don't
           | need to be micromanaged about the moral implications of every
           | individual scenario under the sun ("don't run in the
           | supermarket!", "don't push your sister!", "don't yell in the
           | hallway!", etc etc) because they are explicitly exposed to an
           | underlying set of values to govern every scenario.
           | 
           | That's is an obviously religious leaning take (I heard it
           | from a jewish person, though I'm not jewish myself), but I
           | think there's a certain grain of truth in the sense that non-
           | religious people don't have a standardized way of talking to
           | kids about morals as an umbrella abstraction on a weekly
           | basis, in a way that church goers do.
        
             | Haiatu wrote:
             | Plenty of people prove this not to be working at all.
             | 
             | Plenty of priests have fucked kids.
             | 
             | Religoius people are often enough the same amount of
             | assholes or more. I have not fought over a city for ages
             | due to some believe.
        
               | lhorie wrote:
               | Religious types often say the same of the non-religious.
               | Here's other analogies to illustrate the reductio ad
               | absurdum: plenty of people prove school not to be working
               | (by getting failing grades, passing by cheating, etc),
               | plenty of people prove entrepreneurship not to be working
               | (by going bankrupt), etc. All this line of observation
               | shows us is that variability exists everywhere.
               | 
               | Something to keep in mind is that religious societies
               | have existed for millennia, whereas societies that are
               | openly non-religious are a relatively recent development,
               | so comparing the two ought to account for a potential
               | lack of historical hindsight on one of the sides.
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | > the secular world has many different people
         | 
         | agreed and the world would be more navigable if they adopted
         | distinct names, garb & beliefs the way the other religions did.
         | 
         | If you think about it, every thanksgiving debate was really a
         | religious debate among people who didn't clarify their
         | membership.
        
           | franklampard wrote:
           | No?
        
           | kevstermcgee wrote:
           | > agreed and the world would be more navigable if they
           | adopted distinct names, garb & beliefs the way the other
           | religions did.
           | 
           | Athiesm is to religion what not collecting stamps is to a
           | hobby. We aren't the ones creating an imagined reality. We're
           | just saying until there's substantive evidence to support the
           | existence of a deity we probably shouldn't assume one exists.
        
             | mslm wrote:
             | That's not the atheism position, inasmuch as religion isn't
             | just about belief in a God. It's also about all that's
             | implied by that core position, in regards to follow-up
             | beliefs and actions.
        
             | syshum wrote:
             | The problem with that text book definition of Atheism, or
             | Anti-Theist is that the the label of Atheist has taken an a
             | life of its own, and the majority of people publicly
             | proclaiming themselves to be an "Atheist" do not simply
             | seek "evidence to support the existence of a deity", no
             | instead they adopt the so called Atheism+ movement that
             | incorporates loads of other philosophical and political
             | positions into the label of "Atheist". It has become
             | decidedly Authoritarian Left in its political positioning,
             | so much so that many libertarians that used to proudly use
             | the Atheist Label has stopped referring to themselves as
             | Atheist
        
             | unishark wrote:
             | > Athiesm is to religion what not collecting stamps is to a
             | hobby.
             | 
             | I believe the point of the article and discussion is the
             | particular atheists "collecting stamps" with more
             | ideological ferver than the hobbyists.
        
             | throwamon wrote:
             | You imply from your comparison that atheism is [not
             | belonging to a group with a shared belief] and then say
             | "we" [belong to a group with a shared belief], which is
             | clearly self-contradictory. I strongly agree with the first
             | part, but not with the second. There are certainly atheists
             | who wouldn't agree with what "we" (you) are "just saying".
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | We, the people who aren't interested in unicorns, are
               | rarely mentioned on lists of fantasy fandom although we
               | do share the same feelings about a particular element of
               | the fantasy genre.
        
               | throwamon wrote:
               | I don't see why some see the need to clump people
               | together by what they _don 't_ believe in. Atheism isn't
               | about "interest" or "feelings", so your comparison
               | doesn't hold either. Different people arrive at the same
               | conclusions via completely different paths, many not even
               | rationally. It's really arrogant to assume atheists are
               | superior in this regard (and I'm not saying you said that
               | but it's not too hard to infer), and I say that as an
               | atheist myself.
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | Atheism believes in many gods
        
             | lhorie wrote:
             | > We aren't the ones creating an imagined reality.
             | 
             | One problem I see with this line of thinking is that it's
             | often faux intellectualism, in the sense of not even
             | attempting to define what a deity is in the first place,
             | instead taking the lazy approach of "whatever you think god
             | is doesn't exist". What exactly is a deity in the first
             | place anyways? Bearded guy in the clouds? A lot of
             | christians don't believe in that either. Jesus (i.e. a
             | human)? A certain north korean leader that had similar
             | godlike fame among followers most definitely existed
             | (godhood claims notwithstanding). The holy spirit? Read
             | "spirit" as you read "spirit of the law". Some flavors of
             | pantheism actually argue that the concept of "an omnipotent
             | omnipresent entity that nevertheless grants us free will"
             | can be perfectly explained if said entity is the laws of
             | physics.
             | 
             | As we can see, there's a pretty big spectrum ranging
             | anywhere from strawmen to things that do exist. IMHO,
             | proper atheism needs to be able to argue against the entire
             | body of theism, not just narrow set of christian beliefs,
             | and as such it's a belief system that doesn't fit many
             | people. There's agnosticism (basically, "I don't know if
             | god exists because the evidence doesn't convince me"),
             | which is a much easier belief system to actually defend,
             | and which I think describes more accurately the belief
             | system that a lot of self-proclaimed atheists actually
             | subscribe to.
        
         | trophycase wrote:
         | A religious person making a tautological argument!? I'm
         | shocked!
        
           | deertick1 wrote:
           | An atheist denigrating the intellect of a religious person?!
           | I'm shocked.
           | 
           | It is a tautological argument in that it is true absolutely.
           | Thats not a bad thing. Any system of belief is fundamentally
           | predicated on faith based axioms. E.g. basically everything
           | one thinks is "religious" to some degree.
        
             | halfnormalform wrote:
             | No intellect was degraded. It was the behavior. Also your
             | response is merely an insult followed by 5 unsupported
             | statements. Can you try again?
        
             | trophycase wrote:
             | You're right about that but I prefer axioms with actual
             | explanatory power.
        
           | idiotfinder wrote:
           | found one!
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | >I just don't think there is a god.
         | 
         | This would be agnostic (militant agnostic?), wouldn't it? I
         | think a true atheist would say "I know that there is not a
         | god."
        
           | slim wrote:
           | Agnostics actually don't think the question of "is there a
           | god?" is interesting or can have an answer
        
           | KozmoNau7 wrote:
           | Not really.
           | 
           | There are "I know that there is not a god" atheists, those
           | are the insufferable unholier-than-thou types like Richard
           | Dawkins, who seem mostly interested in provoking religious
           | people.
           | 
           | And there are "there is no falsifiable proof at all to
           | support the existence of a god" atheists, which are the
           | ordinary sensible ones, who don't hate religious people, they
           | just don't share their beliefs.
        
             | fighterpilot wrote:
             | Dawkins is actually a weak atheist (agnostic atheist), not
             | a strong atheist. He thinks an interpersonal God is highly
             | improbable, but it's not possible to prove a negative and
             | so he doesn't assert that it doesn't exist.
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | Regardless of whether "everyone is religious," everyone
         | certainly has revelatory beliefs, i.e. beliefs that were not
         | reasoned to.
         | 
         | Christian thinkers have spilled a lot of ink attempting to
         | clarify the boundary between reason and revelation whereas, in
         | the secular world, many people do not seem to understand that
         | many of their beliefs (particularly the foundational ones) are
         | revealed.
        
           | Haiatu wrote:
           | Non religious people call this 'science'.
           | 
           | 'We' think about the big bang 'we' wrote the book on it.
           | 
           | Religion writes books about 'gods' and repeat stories from
           | the past.
           | 
           | Math unites people across the globe. Everyone agrees globally
           | on the scientific truth.
           | 
           | I understand that there are plenty of countries which you
           | would prefer not to life in but i do believe in my country
           | but my country is a good one. We don't kill people anymore
           | because they are different than the norm.
        
           | tolbish wrote:
           | You are confusing secularism with naturalism.
        
           | joe_the_user wrote:
           | As a non-religious person, certainly I understand many of my
           | beliefs come from convention or intuition or whatever non-
           | rational source, sure.
           | 
           | But I don't have any meta-belief telling me to hold onto
           | given beliefs-that-seem-implausible-or-unverifiable because
           | I'll be rewarded in the end or because it's a test or
           | whatever. I don't continually change whatever belief I know
           | is arbitrary but that's because consistency has some utility
           | so point remains.
           | 
           | Basically, I have no trouble with non-rational beliefs and
           | behaviors. But religious specifically espouses irrationalist
           | beliefs - irrationalism being the exhortation to keep,
           | cultivate and fixate beliefs beyond the rational.
           | Institutions other than religion, various flavors of
           | Stalinism say, promote faith, fixating one's beliefs and so-
           | forth. I'm against those too. But a wide variety of secular
           | belief systems are against the irrationalist approach - some
           | versions of liberal religion try to escape it too but as
           | people observe, these folks are kind of becoming non-
           | religious.
           | 
           | Edit: Just generally, "everything not-wholly-rational is a
           | religion" is a slippery argument that's being way-abused in
           | this thread.
        
             | simonklitj wrote:
             | What is rational? Is not rationality subjective? What you
             | might deem irrational others might deem perfectly rational,
             | and vice-versa, what you might deem rational others might
             | deem quite obviously irrational.
             | 
             | Are we to see experiences as rational explanation of a
             | phenomena? Sure, I see and feel a rock, and I verify its
             | existence rationally. I smell food and verify its existence
             | rationally. What about people experiencing a divine being
             | communicating to them, then?
             | 
             | No, we must disregard this as hallucination or a
             | psychological problem. Only what we (and by we I mean the
             | "educated western world") in our pre-determined frame of
             | rationality deem rational can ever be rational, and all
             | that falls outside must naturally be considered irrational
             | irrespective of its potential rationality in relation to
             | other experiences we might call rational.
             | 
             | Really (I think), something being rational is a state of
             | mind, a common understanding with our peers. In a church
             | most would agree that their belief is rational, not out of
             | ignorance (though here you might disagree), but out of
             | shared acceptance of a different frame of rationality,
             | essentially accepting other experiences as being able to
             | feed to rationality than those you might accept.
             | 
             | I guess the point I'm trying to make (and I might be way
             | off) is that when you say that religiosity espouses
             | irrationalist beliefs, they're irrational to you, within
             | your frame of rationalism. To someone else you're the
             | ignorant one who's fighting tooth and nail.
             | 
             | Edit: To those down voting I would love to engage further
             | in conversation about this!
        
               | jart wrote:
               | Rational means you'll make choices that benefit yourself.
               | It's one of the core assumptions of game theory,
               | economics, and policymaking. All the math breaks as soon
               | as that's not the case because irrational is
               | unpredictable. What's nice about rational agency is that
               | it makes cooperation without hierarchy possible so it's
               | been known to rustle the jimmies of the first estate.
        
               | tarsinge wrote:
               | > What's nice about rational agency is that it makes
               | cooperation without hierarchy possible
               | 
               | And economic liberalism is the belief system that it
               | works for the greater good.
        
               | Ieghaehia9 wrote:
               | > And economic liberalism is the belief system that it
               | works for the greater good.
               | 
               | Perhaps also anarchism, due to its focus on having the
               | minimum amount of hierarchy possible.
        
               | irrational wrote:
               | Do we want people to make choices that benefit
               | themselves? That seems to be the root of so many problems
               | in the world. Shouldn't we encourage people to make
               | choices that benefit others, benefit the wider community,
               | etc.?
        
               | fighterpilot wrote:
               | No, we should encourage choices that maximize the benefit
               | over all individuals including the person who is making
               | the choice. The person making the choice is in no way
               | morally less important than others.
               | 
               | We should also avoid thinking in terms of a false
               | dichotomy. Most voluntary exchanges and relationships in
               | the world are win-win-win, in that both counterparties
               | are gaining and the externality is positive. In such a
               | context, self-maximizing through profit seeking _is_ the
               | choice that maximizes the benefit to others.
               | 
               | What we want to discourage is a much more narrow cone of
               | behavior. Corruption. Negative externalities. Things that
               | aren't win-win-win.
        
               | jart wrote:
               | Of course and one way to do that is by ensuring everyone
               | gains. Startups for example create wealth by building
               | products that provide a service to their communities.
               | Paul Graham talks about this sort of thing on his blog. I
               | think that's great even though it's not the case for
               | folks in rent-seeking economies with zero-sum games where
               | people can only win by making the other guy lose. Would
               | you encourage someone in that situation to act against
               | their self-interest?
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | There are at least two forms of rationality - epistemic
               | rationality (aka theoretical rationality), and
               | instrumental rationality. Your comment doesn't clearly
               | draw the distinction between them.
               | 
               | In the context of discussions about the rationality of
               | religious belief, we are primarily talking about
               | epistemic/theoretical rationality, although non-epistemic
               | rationality does sometimes come up (for example, Pascal's
               | wager).
               | 
               | Some people think epistemic rationality can be reduced to
               | instrumental rationality, but the philosopher Thomas
               | Kelly wrote what is (to me at least) a pretty convincing
               | refutation of that viewpoint: https://www.princeton.edu/~
               | tkelly/papers/epistemicasinstrume...
        
               | jart wrote:
               | I'm familiar with the rationalist movement and all the
               | rationalists I've met have been wonderful people with few
               | exceptions. I hadn't heard of epistemic rationality, but
               | I find it interesting how the LessWrong definition (top
               | search result) makes it sound like self-criticism and
               | atonement.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | One concern I have is how closely many people associate
               | "rationality" with the "rationalist movement" (LessWrong,
               | etc). Rationality has been discussed by philosophers for
               | well over 2000 years. Aristotle famously declared that
               | rationality was the feature that distinguished human
               | beings from lesser animals. Most of those philosophers
               | had radically different views from those of the
               | contemporary "rationalist movement". Even today, many
               | thinkers who radically disagree with the "rationalist
               | movement" still believe in the importance of rationality,
               | they just disagree with the "rationalist movement" on
               | what actually counts as "rational".
        
               | jart wrote:
               | Well now they get to be a footnote in Plato's Republic.
               | I'm not concerned about what people believe. If they want
               | to get excited about Bayes theorem then that's great. I'm
               | not concerned if people disagree on what it's called or
               | how it's defined. Do you think the people who get paid to
               | be rational understand rationality? I've seen things like
               | software that earned billions in additional revenue get
               | rolled back because we couldn't explain how it made
               | decisions. The answer is that I don't have the answers
               | and no one else does too. What's remarkable is how
               | philosophers like Charles Babbage helped us make
               | thousands of years of philosophy executable and we've
               | unleashed it unto the world. How do we begin to
               | understand that let alone explain it to the world?
        
               | Haiatu wrote:
               | We actually don't know that:
               | 
               | "What about people experiencing a divine being
               | communicating to them, then?"
               | 
               | But we have studied this and the answers tell us what the
               | most realistic thing actually is and thats why we see
               | 'divine being communicating to them' as a mental illness.
               | 
               | You can expierence this challanging thought yourself by
               | taking LSD. Realizing that you are actually know
               | everything for a few hours and than getting back to your
               | 'normal reality' is exhausting.
               | 
               | But i still don't believe we are all caught on the earth
               | and we need LSD to shackle those bounds. I know how many
               | people are on the planet, how many people i have seen die
               | and leave our planet in the normal rational way. I have
               | never ever seen anything which makes me believe otherwise
               | and LSD showed me even more how fragile my own reality
               | is.
               | 
               | You might want to look in a medical book on different
               | topics you refered to to see what you believe.
               | Nonetheless its just more realistic that human a had a
               | similiar brain issue than all other similiar independend
               | cases before than that this person is now talking
               | directly to god and we areound us are all dumb shits not
               | being able to recognise it.
               | 
               | My default sentence for this is simple: I'm a good
               | person, and i don't like the idea very much that there is
               | a god who allows cancer in kids and rape from religious
               | people and murder etc. and either this god is a massive
               | asshole, clearly not relevant enought to woreshop or
               | doesn't exist anyway.
        
               | simonklitj wrote:
               | I don't know much of the field of rationality, yet I
               | can't help but think that you confirm my idea that
               | rationality is subjective. You determine rationality
               | based on probability, so essentially when you're saying
               | something is irrational, you mean it is improbable (or in
               | your words realistic).
               | 
               | Taken further, is it not then irrational to think that
               | the earth arose out of absolute nothingness, to become
               | the perfectly aligned world we know? Is this realistic?
               | Is this probable? (Not saying the alternative is
               | necessarily more probable, just asking)
               | 
               | As to your default sentence you might want to look into
               | the discipline of Harmatiology (the doctrine of sin), for
               | you do not understand the commonly held view of
               | Christians on this point.
        
             | failwhaleshark wrote:
             | Religion, spiritual beliefs, ghosts, lottery ticket
             | "investing," superstitions, luck, horoscopes, phobias,
             | ritual sacrifices, Capgras delusions/changelings, and faith
             | healing are examples of what I categorize as magical
             | thinking.
             | 
             | These are the ways of animals who cannot control their
             | emotions long-enough to think clearly and honestly between
             | banging on bones in front of a monolith.
             | 
             | If the average member of society is ever to progress beyond
             | being a bunch of easily-misled rubes herded into tribal
             | cult ideological pens, something needs to change where
             | decent, intelligent people are lionized over minimally-
             | useful celebrities and charlatans.
             | 
             | (The United States was founded by primarily anti-
             | intellectual merchants and landowners who scoffed at the
             | Old World's stodginess and intellectual pursuits.)
        
               | onion2k wrote:
               | _phobias_
               | 
               | That's an odd thing to put in your list. Phobias aren't
               | something people choose to believe in. They're
               | specifically an irrational, _subconscious_ pattern of
               | behaviour. That isn 't a belief.
        
               | failwhaleshark wrote:
               | It's only odd for people with external locus-of-control
               | magical beliefs that things "just happen" to them.
               | Phobias are irrational fears most people choose _not_ to
               | overcome. This is in contrast to people who aren 't ruled
               | by fear, and confront and overcome their fears.
               | Therefore, a lack of agency argument would be moot. And,
               | phobias aren't behaviors, they're dysfunctional,
               | intrusive, reflex feelings related to particular
               | triggers.
        
         | tharkun__ wrote:
         | Picking up on the "is there a god" and who believes in it?
         | 
         | I have always wondered how many of the high priests or whatever
         | their titles might be in any religion over the millenia (this
         | includes Aztecs and Vikings etc) really just saw religion as
         | another way of holding power (vs. kings or what have you). I.e.
         | "just pretending" to believe and in reality just using it to to
         | wield power and influence over people.
         | 
         | Please don't mistake this for saying there aren't very pious
         | people in that group. I do not doubt there are. I just wonder.
         | Just like there are politicians that truly try and improve
         | things and help their constituents and then there are also the
         | ones that really just enjoy having the power and that really
         | couldn't care less until election time rolls around.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | dang wrote:
         | We detached this subthread from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27488136.
        
       | sethc2 wrote:
       | This seems counterintuitive to me if we assume a causal
       | relationship. I'd imagine lessening religious faith would lessen
       | ideological intensity. Then again when it was assumed most people
       | were "religious", it meant there was some higher thing than
       | ourselves that we shared we could unify on. God however you take
       | him, is at least a symbol of something above us, bigger than
       | individuals, of an immaterial nature.
       | 
       | With the annihilation of God in the public discourse, we have to
       | find something else bigger than ourselves that we can unify
       | around on, and the ideological intensity maybe stems from arguing
       | what that higher thing is. Is it science, love, security,
       | pleasure, freedom? Different people will take on an ideology of
       | some sort, and the intensity will because one groups higher thing
       | they think is higher than another's. God was the trump card for
       | highest before, but now, I'm not sure what is for most people.
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | If you are interested in this topic, I really cannot recommend
       | reading _A Secular Age_ by the philosopher Charles Taylor enough.
       | 
       | It's a huge book but the basic takeaway is this: the modern
       | secular world is a thing that was _created_ over the course of
       | many centuries and cultural developments. It is not merely the
       | _subtraction_ of so-called primitive beliefs. The "subtraction
       | thesis" is the predominant model of how most people (and until
       | recently, religious scholars) interpreted the secularizarion
       | process.
       | 
       | This means that the same basic historical and psychological
       | forces are at play, but they've just been morphed and combined in
       | different ways. What is truly _new_ about the modern secular
       | world is its _immanence_ , which basically just means it is not
       | concerned with a "world beyond" this one, and its "cross
       | pressures", or the state of being aware of other viable
       | alternatives to one's belief system.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Secular_Age
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | I'm concerned of both aspects. For one, thinking that secular
         | belief is essential or natural - as if it's defined only by the
         | material world and observations on it. Secular belief also
         | assumes its universal (why wouldn't it be since we all live on
         | the same earth). This leads to totalitarianism (with a small t)
        
           | tolbish wrote:
           | That's like saying math leads to totalitarianism (with a
           | small t because that sounds more scary) because _some people_
           | assume its universal and will therefore kill in its name.
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | But math isn't comprehensive in belief . It's universally
             | true but only applied narrowly
        
         | slim wrote:
         | It is not concerned about the world beyond, but is concerned
         | about the future. That's why it has beliefs too
        
       | kyle_martin1 wrote:
       | Wokeism
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | m1sta_ wrote:
       | Atheists have faith that there is no supernatural diety.
        
       | gbronner wrote:
       | The issue isn't so much that Americans have become less
       | religious, it is that many fewer of them were raised in homes
       | that had at least one religious parent. the experience of
       | practicing a religion, even if you don't believe it, tends to
       | protect you from the single minded politics as religion thought
       | process
        
         | Ieghaehia9 wrote:
         | That theory would suggest that the less religious a country,
         | the more religious its politics. But plenty of countries in
         | Europe are at least as irreligious as the US[1][2], yet the
         | same effect doesn't seem to hold there.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-
         | weste... [2] https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-
         | tank/2019/12/06/10-facts-ab...
        
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