[HN Gopher] Incentives in economics are wrong, but how?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Incentives in economics are wrong, but how?
        
       Author : dash2
       Score  : 80 points
       Date   : 2021-06-11 13:12 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (wyclif.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (wyclif.substack.com)
        
       | jugg1es wrote:
       | "a third of social science papers have zero citations" ... wtf?
        
         | BeFlatXIII wrote:
         | As I've speculated elsewhere on this discussion, it's write-
         | only journals that exist to appease accreditation audits.
        
       | nohuck13 wrote:
       | We're walking into the middle of an argument that's been going on
       | for a while here.
       | 
       | "Economic(s) imperialism" is the tendency of economists to write
       | papers topics outside traditional economics. While the people in
       | (say) the sociology department seem to have to confine themselves
       | to sociology.
       | 
       | As Tyler Cowen writes on Marginal Revolution [1] quoted by Kevin
       | Munger in the piece this piece is responding to:
       | 
       | " - Mammograms and Mortality: How has the Evidence Evolved?
       | 
       | - Surviving a Mass Shooting
       | 
       | - Representation is Not Sufficient for Selecting Gender Diversity
       | 
       | - Back to School: The Effect of School Visits During COVID-19 on
       | COVID-19 Transmission
       | 
       | - The Public Health Effects of Legalizing Marijuana
       | 
       | Those are all new NBER working papers, issued today. To be clear,
       | I do not intend this list as criticism, either of these papers or
       | of the NBER (for one thing, I have not read them). But surely it
       | is worth pointing out that something has changed. If you think
       | economists should be doing these papers, does that translate into
       | a relatively low opinion of the quantitative standards in those
       | fields proper? Or maybe the economists are better at spotting
       | interesting questions and seeing the work through? Yes or no? How
       | exactly should we imagine the (possible) comparative advantage of
       | economists with these topics? I mean these as genuine questions,
       | not snarky ones. I have never been a per se opponent of economic
       | imperialism. "
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2021/04/wo...
        
         | ad8e wrote:
         | I like imperialism a lot, from harder to softer sciences. It
         | can represent a frustration that people are missing something
         | very obvious, reflecting an underlying ignorance that is
         | farcical or embarrassing. For example, Hardy the mathematician
         | is best known not for his brilliant work in number theory or
         | analysis, but for one paper in 1908 which taught biologists how
         | to multiply numbers together. Ergo, we can presume that
         | biologists prior to 1908 did not know how to multiply numbers,
         | and that multiplication introduced a shining light on the
         | field. [1]
         | 
         | A more concrete example is that anthropology was introduced to
         | statistics in the 1960s. [2] Before that, many papers use
         | storytelling as their main evidence. They reflect the thesis
         | the author wants to present, and experiments were not available
         | to anthropologists as a tool. This makes it hard to tell which
         | papers should be taken seriously and which should not. You
         | either trust the author or don't; you can't analyze his
         | procedure. So papers cannot build on each other, and progress
         | is halting. The quality of anthropology papers rises
         | substantially after 1970, thanks to experimental methods.
         | Scientific imperialism has turned modern anthropology into one
         | of the paragons of social science, with enormously interesting
         | results today.
         | 
         | Here's a fun experience in which you can discover this
         | phenomenon for yourself. Synthetic reverbs rely on delay lines,
         | and the question is, how to choose the delay lengths? Every
         | reverb engineer has spent impressive amounts of time manually
         | tuning their delay lengths in random ways, then listening to
         | the result, then tuning some more. The task is to choose a set
         | of N real numbers such that their lattice points (linear
         | combinations with nonnegative integral coefficients) are
         | maximally separated in the best sense you can. For example, if
         | N=2, then 1 and 5/7 would be unsuitable, because 1 x 5 = 5/7 x
         | 7 = 5, and exact overlaps are poorly separated. Irrational
         | numbers do better, because they at least never have exact
         | matches. Manual tuning is hard because tweaking one number to
         | erase an overlap will introduce a different overlap.
         | 
         | You, the non-mathematical reader, can now solve this problem by
         | navigating to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_constant,
         | reading the definition of "quadratic irrationality", and
         | picking square roots of squarefree integers as your solution.
         | Congratulations, in 5 minutes, you solved most of a major open
         | problem, on which reverb engineers have spent 10000 hours and
         | made no progress. First person to write a paper gets credit.
         | [3]
         | 
         | There's a general malaise in reverb engineers regarding
         | mathematics and science. Some people already have the
         | background information to solve the problem, as they know 1.618
         | is the solution for N=2 (which leads to Hurwitz's theorem, then
         | Markov constants). But then they advocate for 1.618^x for N>=3,
         | which means they are doing cargo cult mysticism around magical
         | numbers, rather than actual mathematics. Note that powers of
         | 1.618 are linear combinations of smaller powers, so their
         | answer is the worst possible.
         | 
         | [1] I'm just joking. But only partially joking. Hardy-Weinberg
         | principle. [2]
         | https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.an.14....
         | [3] I'm joking for real this time. Writing a paper will do
         | nothing.
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | I think this will entertain you:
           | https://fliptomato.wordpress.com/2007/03/19/medical-
           | research...
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | One of my favorite podcasts is ostensibly economics, but I've
         | noticed that the topics tend to really be only tangentially
         | related to economics. What they really seem to be are
         | statisticians, not economists particularly.
        
           | nohuck13 wrote:
           | Ooo, would you share? Wild guess: "More Or Less"?
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | >In the abstract this might be a difficult question to answer,
       | but today, it's really not. Guys, a third of social science
       | papers have zero citations. Let's not kid ourselves: most of this
       | work might as well never have been written; it affects nothing;
       | nobody even cares enough to disagree. Meanwhile, two thirds of
       | social psychology experiments fail to replicate. Does economics
       | do better? Well, sure, yes, some experimental economists are
       | quietly smug because 60% of their results replicated. Whoopee!
       | Only 40% of what we produce is misleading, i.e. literally
       | harmful!
       | 
       | >We aren't starving for quantity: we're drowning in garbage. If
       | we have higher standards than other social science disciplines,
       | good, they should be higher still.
       | 
       | I dunno why this article went so viral. The author makes
       | elementary reasoning errors. Top journals have very high
       | standards in terms of adhering to academic rigor,
       | competitiveness, statistical analysis, etc. Whether or not it
       | replicates or is cited is secondary. The journal has little way
       | of predicting how often something will be cited or how well it
       | will replicate; their main focus is publishing papers that meet
       | academic standards and are of interest to subscribers and the
       | scope of the journal...
       | 
       | IMHO, it is irrelevant if we are 'drowning in garbage'..the more
       | important metric is, are there more diamonds, rather than
       | lamenting about the size of the rough.
        
       | gmac wrote:
       | _it is probably a step backward that submitted articles no longer
       | get anonymized in many journals. The logic behind this was that
       | reviewers would know, or look up, the author anyway. In effect
       | this was giving in to corruption._
       | 
       | I completely agree that this is a terrible change. Of course,
       | reviewers are often able to work out whose work something is.
       | Even before widespread preprints on the web, citations were often
       | a giveaway.
       | 
       | But plenty of reviewers won't do it, on principle, and even for
       | those that do, that fact that they're obviously not meant to know
       | is a very strong signal that they shouldn't take it into account
       | in their decision.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | To me it's pretty obvious that the social "sciences" are science
       | in name only. Operationally they are more akin to astrology or
       | numerology than physics. They serve a social function of allowing
       | people to believe that we know more about the world, that we have
       | have more predictive power, than we do. They let our governments
       | pretend that they are more powerful and effective than they
       | really are. It's _frightening_ to think that e.g. the Fed
       | (Federal Reserve) doesn 't know what they are doing (
       | https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/greenspan-admits-flaw-to-c... )
       | so we all pretend that that they do despite clear evidence that
       | they do not. (Taleb's "Black Swan" effect: we immediately forget
       | that we were so sure black swans don't exist, and carry on as if
       | we had known all along.)
       | 
       | I have no idea what, if anything, to do about this.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | whimsicalism wrote:
       | It's interesting how much of Substack has quickly become an
       | opinion page for a bubble of "rationalist", pseudo-libertarian
       | thinkers. It is almost a mono-culture at this point: the
       | obligatory links to Tyler Cowen, the obligatory mention of race
       | and biology, and footnotes just for the aesthetic.
       | 
       | > Trade-offs between the quality of research, and the welfare of
       | social scientists, should always be resolved in favour of
       | research quality.
       | 
       | This seems non-obvious to me and quite glib for someone who is
       | allegedly a social scientist (which is basically applied
       | ethics/utilitarianism).
        
         | jmeister wrote:
         | The "bubble" you speak of find themselves censored out of the
         | bigger bubble that is mainstream media/academia.
         | 
         | You're free to look away.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | > You're free to look away.
           | 
           | I read plenty of these blogs, the idea that they only have a
           | home at substack is absurd, and there's plenty of people
           | regularly saying more controversial things in the
           | conservative media.
           | 
           | Tyler Cowen, etc. are hardly censored.
           | 
           | I just find them _boring_.
        
       | greenail wrote:
       | Maybe the incentives for universities are all wrong. In the early
       | 1900's only 4% of the US went to university. There ended up being
       | a big push to get more people into college with the assumption
       | that it would benefit society. Eventually we ended up with a
       | notion that everyone should go to college and this has been
       | buttressed with government support but what if this idea is
       | wrong? What if the incentives created lots of university
       | departments that were superfluous, producing nothing that was
       | actually benefitting society. This may show up as lots of
       | superfluous/unreproducible papers and journals many not even
       | based on the scientific method. Maybe the incentives focused
       | universities on creating more "education" so they could rake in
       | the cash made readily available through government subsidies
       | targeting those who could not complete STEM degrees. Have we
       | reached a state of elite-overproduction?
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | Any major that ends in "studies"
        
         | tartoran wrote:
         | > Have we reached a state of elite-overproduction?
         | 
         | I don't see that as a bad thing. Of course they won't be elites
         | when overproduced but its output, when looking at the big
         | picture, will be positive. If you're so with your view why stop
         | at universities then? Why educate the masses at all? Why not
         | have classes of educated and uneducated people?
        
           | kapuasuite wrote:
           | There are tradeoffs, though - the resources that are poured
           | into higher education are resources that cannot be spent on
           | other vital things.
        
             | Aunche wrote:
             | I think the better question is why exactly are we pouring
             | so many resources into higher education? Most of my classes
             | were taught by lecturers making at best $80 an hour
             | teaching a class of a hundred. The real work is done by the
             | TAs who make at best $15 an hour. Where is the rest of the
             | money going to?
        
               | ajmadesc wrote:
               | "Administration", "outreach", "development"
        
             | tartoran wrote:
             | Yes but there are tradeoffs everywhere. I'd look at the big
             | picture instead. Are we better off than, say, 100 years
             | ago?
        
               | kapuasuite wrote:
               | Yes, there are tradeoffs anywhere - which means we should
               | rationally assess what we're putting into education and
               | whether at least some of those resources can be put to
               | better use in other ways.
        
               | tartoran wrote:
               | Too much optimization reminds me of what happens when
               | removing all slack from supply chains: when it fails it
               | takes down the whole system. I'd leave some
               | inefficiencies here and there, we're human after all. Of
               | course, I'm not talking about gross inefficiencies. But
               | are there any? By what measure?
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Like giving a $200k/yr tech worker $6k in stimmy checks?
             | 
             | There are broad benefits to having an educated society,
             | this rhetoric about 'elite overproduction' has
             | classist/snobbish undertones, in my view.
        
               | kapuasuite wrote:
               | Tax dollars that go to universities for one reason or
               | another are tax dollars that cannot be spent on
               | healthcare - tax dollars that can't be collected from tax
               | exempt institutions (like almost all universities) are
               | tax dollars that can't be spent on maintaining
               | infrastructure. The possibilities are endless. The
               | questions isn't whether or not education is "good",
               | because it obviously is, it's whether the level of
               | resources devoted to it can be spent to better effect
               | elsewhere, which is probably true.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | > which is probably true.
               | 
               | Hm, is it? My guess is that government spending on
               | college probably is probably a net positive investment in
               | terms of revenue for the govt due to downstream growth,
               | likely also lowers the cost to do other things in
               | industry.
               | 
               | There is extensive evidence that further public spending
               | on healthcare does not have a size-able impact on
               | outcomes, unfortunately. [0]
               | 
               | > the level of resources devoted to it can be spent to
               | better effect elsewhere
               | 
               | But why the focus on education? Why not increase, say,
               | inheritance taxation and then use it to fund those
               | additional things? Couldn't we make better use of the
               | resources our society devotes towards making sure that
               | the kids of rich parents are also rich?
               | 
               | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Health_Insurance_
               | Experime... You really can't beat social science research
               | like this and the followup in 2010.
        
         | ashtonkem wrote:
         | A podcast I listen to[0] had a throwaway line that's stuck with
         | me. I'm not sure if it's actually correct, this isn't an area
         | I'm an expert in, but it's interesting nonetheless.
         | 
         | > Colleges are really just real estate speculation businesses
         | that also incidentally give you a degree in dentistry or
         | whatever.
         | 
         | If that's true, wouldn't it explain why colleges do things that
         | don't make sense for education?
         | 
         | 0 - Well There's Your Problem Podcast, Episode 71
        
           | rmah wrote:
           | The idea that real estate speculation being the baseline goal
           | of universities is funny but doubtful.
           | 
           | Instead, consider that survival is almost always one of the
           | main goals of any larger organization. That happens for a
           | variety of personal, individual reasons: job security,
           | reputation halos, personal networks, etc. But in the end, it
           | translates into organizations taking actions simply to
           | survive. And since one of the best ways to survive is to
           | grow, taking actions to grow.
           | 
           | This is true for everything from charities that take care of
           | the poor and sick to for-profit corporations to government
           | agencies. And, of course, universities.
           | 
           | So why does a university spend a ton of money on renovating
           | their football stadium? Simple, it makes alums happier (more
           | donations), it looks better on televised games (enhanced
           | reputation), etc. It helps the university survive.
        
             | ajmadesc wrote:
             | > The idea that real estate speculation being the baseline
             | goal of universities is funny but doubtful
             | 
             | Drexel university is spearheading the gentrification of
             | west Philadelphia.
             | 
             | They paid tens of millions for a dirty old tire shop.
             | 
             | They require the first three years of your degree to be
             | spent in overpriced uni owned housing.
             | 
             | The chancellor makes one of the highest salaries in the us.
             | 
             | That's the only example I can really think of
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | I think the type of person who tends to browse HN has a
           | problem with latching on to phrases or ideas that "sound
           | interesting" and then never doing any further research. I
           | think it's where a lot of the rhetoric around 'elite
           | overproduction' comes from.
           | 
           | > Colleges are really just real estate speculation businesses
           | that also incidentally give you a degree in dentistry or
           | whatever.
           | 
           | Why would that incentivize colleges to enroll more students?
           | How does college as real estate speculation business work?
        
             | ashtonkem wrote:
             | You can disagree with the podcast without attacking me.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | I'm attacking myself as much as you, I have this
               | problematic tendency to latch onto interesting sounding
               | ideas.
        
               | ChainOfFools wrote:
               | universe is infinite, brains are finite. ergo, brains
               | find compression irresistible, to the point of self-
               | dosing reward juice when a delightful morsel of smartly
               | collapsed reality is encountered.
               | 
               | even our signal processing wiring, with each lopsided
               | neuron merging many inputs into a single output, is
               | biased toward obligate compression.
        
               | v-erne wrote:
               | I believe saying that our mental models are mere models
               | and not reality would be a bit shorter, profound and
               | usefull :)
        
               | ChainOfFools wrote:
               | maybe, but I try to avoid (or at least subordinate)
               | phasing that implies a dualist distinction between the
               | real and the mental. even the 'merest' of mental models
               | is also part of reality, right?
               | 
               | such contextualization does indeed impair portability...
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | It's a perfect example of incentives being wrong. If you're a
           | huge corporation with land, property, and a tradition of
           | relying on bequests and bloated fees, the reward function
           | will optimise for more land, more property, more bequests,
           | and more fees.
           | 
           | The nominal purpose - education - becomes more of a marketing
           | exercise than the primary concern.
        
         | legulere wrote:
         | Access to universities was even less based on merit than it is
         | today I think. Also I think that we're actually hindering
         | progress by trying to limit research to topics that have direct
         | use following out of it.
        
         | rednerrus wrote:
         | We should be pouring the money we pour into universities into
         | high schools. We should set the bar higher for what we expect
         | of high school students. We should create vocational programs
         | so that kids come out of high school with skills that help to
         | improve society. If you want to improve society, give kids a
         | sense that they can make a difference and be functional members
         | of society.
         | 
         | We should also be pouring money into early childhood
         | development. We should setup community centers for
         | expecting/new mothers. Women can go to these community centers
         | for support, education, and to be with other mothers.
        
         | notJim wrote:
         | > Eventually we ended up with a notion that everyone should go
         | to college and this has been buttressed with government support
         | but what if this idea is wrong?
         | 
         | I think the problem with this line of thinking is that since
         | the US is a highly-developed country, we depend on having a
         | well-educated, highly productive workforce in order to maintain
         | our economy. The US is no longer a place where you have large
         | numbers of people working in huge low-tech factories, for
         | example, because the productivity of those factories does not
         | afford the living standards of a highly-developed country.
         | Instead, developed countries perform R & D and need highly-
         | skilled workforces. To the extent we have manufacturing, it
         | tends to be highly-automated advanced processes. Again,
         | automation is enabling high worker productivity here.
         | 
         | It seems like the issue may be misallocation of the education
         | being produced, not too much education in general.
        
         | z3ncyberpunk wrote:
         | Universities producing MBA grads, still produce nothing of
         | value. At least liberal arts challenges you to think.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | I vehemently disagree. Education is a value in itself, whatever
         | its impact on the economy or on technology is. People have an
         | innate right to be as educated as they want (and can handle).
         | 
         | Of course, it doesn't follow that they have a right to be
         | considered researchers or publish papers afterwards, and the
         | plethora of bad research may be a real problem. However, it
         | should be noted that academic pseudosciences are not a new
         | phenomenon, and they have sometimes been much more destructive
         | than some of today's examples. Race science, phrenology,
         | medicine in the time of bloodletting and others have been
         | respected academic pursuits created by elites, not the result
         | of anything like over-education.
        
           | alexashka wrote:
           | > People have an innate right to...
           | 
           | No, they don't.
        
           | closeparen wrote:
           | Everyone "can handle" arbitrarily much busywork. Whether the
           | lights are on or anything is happening intellectually is
           | another story. I would like to see every American teenager
           | have that experience, but my experience was that in high
           | school, the very top of the class caught glimmers of it
           | occasionally.
           | 
           | I think when you send "everyone" to college, it's going to be
           | no different for them than high school was for "everyone"
           | (and for the smart kids in their less-special subjects): chug
           | through the tedium with as little of your brain as possible,
           | while away the hours and the months until you get to
           | something you actually care about. That's a reasonable way to
           | warehouse teenagers while their parents are at work, but
           | 18-22 year olds could plausibly be doing something else.
        
           | paulddraper wrote:
           | > People have an innate right to be as educated as they want
           | (and can handle)
           | 
           | What year did that right begin?
        
           | octopoc wrote:
           | But does education need to look like universities and
           | colleges? Education used to look (for most people) like
           | apprenticeships, which is more like a tutoring approach
           | without study of anything unnecessary to your trade.
           | 
           | Maybe a better system in modern times would be a combination
           | of mentoring with official recommendations and travel (to
           | broaden horizons).
        
             | gknoy wrote:
             | How would you study history, philosophy, or ethics, then?
             | 
             | Those classes covered things which I have never encountered
             | in my _trade_, but which formatively affected my views on
             | how one should treat others (or treat oneself). I feel like
             | the stereotypical "liberal arts" education, in which one
             | studies things that are not just focused on your trade, has
             | an intrinsic value which is hard to articulate.
        
               | eunoia wrote:
               | "You wasted $150,000 on an education you coulda got for
               | $1.50 in late fees at the public library"
               | 
               | Of course not everyone is autodidactic so the path is not
               | for everyone, but it is indeed quite possible to acquire
               | this kind of knowledge/humanity outside of the university
               | structure.
               | 
               | Alternatively: everyone should read the classics.
        
               | closeparen wrote:
               | Missing:
               | 
               | - Someone who knows those books to explain and lead
               | discussions about them.
               | 
               | - A place to hold those meetings.
               | 
               | - Some kind of accountability for actually doing the
               | readings, writing the papers, and internalizing some
               | understanding.
               | 
               | That costs a little more than $1.50 but it has no right
               | to cost $150k. It's not like graduate student wages are
               | expensive.
        
               | wahern wrote:
               | Interestingly, my neighborhood public library in the
               | Outer Richmond district of San Francisco offers free
               | Great Books-style discussion groups. I never attended a
               | session but always noticed the schedule on the bulletin
               | board. Googling it just now, it's apparently led by
               | members of the Great Books Council of San Francisco
               | (https://www.greatbooksncal.org/).
               | 
               | When my children get old enough I hope to attend with
               | them. I had the great fortune to experience a Great Books
               | program for 2-3 years in high school (a pet project of a
               | teacher who fought tooth and nail to fund that class) and
               | consider it a formative experience.
        
               | eunoia wrote:
               | Yeah to be clear I don't mean to say a liberal arts
               | education is literally only worth $1.50. I personally
               | place immense value on learning.
               | 
               | Just to point out that much like working at a high level
               | in tech, a degree is actually not a hard pre-requisite to
               | having an understanding of the humanities, ethics, etc.
               | 
               | Also just like STEM, many will absolutely benefit from
               | the structure of a university setting.
               | 
               | I just couldn't resist the Good Will Hunting quote.
        
         | leto_ii wrote:
         | This position strikes me as unjustifiably elitist, reminiscent
         | perhaps of Allan Bloom's _The Closing of the American Mind_.
         | 
         | > lots of university departments that were superfluous,
         | producing nothing that was actually benefitting society
         | 
         | Who's to decide precisely what does and doesn't benefit
         | society? More so, how can you decide in advance which line of
         | inquiry will prove fruitful and which won't? Shouldn't you cast
         | a broad net, especially when it comes to academia?
         | 
         | > government subsidies targeting those who could not complete
         | STEM degrees
         | 
         | This, I'm sure, varies greatly between countries. But why do
         | you think there's such a clear hierarchy of academic topics?
         | It's quite dismissive of entire fields to assume that the
         | people who are involved with them are simply STEM drop-outs.
         | 
         | As a side note I would also have to say that lumping together
         | science, engineering and mathematics doesn't make much sense to
         | me - this observation is not targeted at the parent, it's just
         | a general peeve I have.
         | 
         | > Have we reached a state of elite-overproduction?
         | 
         | What would the alternative be? Back to the aristocracy, or to
         | something like the Gilded Age or Belle Epoque?
        
         | grahamburger wrote:
         | This is basically my feeling as well. I would prefer that we
         | (at least in the U.S.) focus on making high school much much
         | better, to the point that fewer people have any need to go to
         | college/university. And then, if we still need to, figure out
         | what to do about University.
         | 
         | (Saying this as someone who never finished college/university,
         | largely because I was trying to pay for it myself and couldn't
         | make it work.)
        
           | billytetrud wrote:
           | Elementary and middle school is far more important than high
           | school. The earlier you go, the more important it is.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | If we actually wanted to improve education in our schools,
             | we would just finish desegregating them.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | How do we accomplish that, short of randomizing which
               | school students are assigned to and then dealing with the
               | transportation headache to make it happen? Schools
               | continue to be segregated because of underlying
               | socioeconomic realities; changing that is how we
               | desegregate the schools, I don't know how we could
               | feasibly reverse that causality.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | I think randomization plus weighting for geographic
               | distance could work. The issue with busing was never the
               | actual busing, and there are plenty of places (like my
               | hometown) where parents send their kids further out to
               | ensure that they attend a school that is majority their
               | race rather than the local neighborhood school.
               | 
               | I lived in Cambridge, MA, and they have successfully
               | desegregated their schools with a similar approach that
               | kept transportation very low and remained a popular plan
               | with most parents (75% approval income over $100k, ~95%
               | approval income under $75k).
               | 
               | In another place I lived, the top public magnet school
               | was ~95% black. White parents pretty much universally
               | refused to send their kids there, but would send their
               | kids to a different magnet that was further away.
               | 
               | The "underlying socioeconomic realities" are often
               | overstated compared to the unfortunate, but big reason
               | that we don't like to talk about, which is lots of
               | parents (to some extent, understandably) are afraid to
               | send their kids to a school where they would be in the
               | racial minority.
               | 
               | Schools are now as segregated as they were in 1976, which
               | represents a backtracking from the peak in 1988. That
               | represents an erosion of will more than a vastly changed
               | socioeconomic reality.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | > there are plenty of places (like my hometown) where
               | parents send their kids further out to ensure that they
               | attend a school that is majority their race rather than
               | the local neighborhood school.
               | 
               | Ah, that is interesting. In my district (and state,
               | AFAIK), school assignment is completely out of the hands
               | of the parents, with some narrow exceptions.
               | 
               | I fully admit to having a narrow view on this, my state
               | is not especially diverse, with more than 75% white and
               | 2% black. So most of our school segregation, if it's fair
               | to call it that, is completely socioeconomic even if the
               | students are largely the same race.
        
               | billytetrud wrote:
               | We definitely need more choice in schools. Parents should
               | be able to decide where there children go to school
               | independently of where they live.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | What do we do when choice conflicts? Say, if a black
               | family wants to send their kid to local school in a
               | predominately white neighborhood, and there is a limited
               | capacity?
        
               | billytetrud wrote:
               | Lottery
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | My guess is this approach would also be desegregating.
        
               | billytetrud wrote:
               | Glad we agree : )
        
               | grahamburger wrote:
               | It seems like the solution most institutions land on for
               | this kind of thing is just a first come first serve sign
               | up list. Kids who attended the school the previous year,
               | and kids who have siblings currently attending the
               | school, get first priority for open slots. The rest of
               | the slots are first come first serve. This is how my
               | kid's school, a charter school, works.
        
               | JMTQp8lwXL wrote:
               | Sign-up lists self select for parents who are most
               | motivated to get the best school, which has the risk of
               | maintaining roughly positive correlation with the
               | parent's socioeconomic status.
        
               | billytetrud wrote:
               | There's a difference between outlawing enforcement of
               | segregation by law and enforcing laws requiring people to
               | go to schools they may not want their kids to go to. I
               | think calling the second "finishing" the first is
               | misleading.
               | 
               | However, there is a huge problem in school funding. The
               | fact that school funding is primarily local means that
               | poor neighborhoods get bad schools. That is a huge
               | problem. We definitely should make funding of schools
               | more egalitarian. Eliminating local funding in favor of
               | state funding would do a lot for the public school system
               | I think. But I also think giving parents more choice in
               | schooling would also be a big win.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | > However, there is a huge problem in school funding.
               | 
               | School funding is actually not as inegalitarian as you
               | might have been led to believe - federal & state funding
               | usually makes up for the differences in property tax
               | funding, we're often spending more $/kid at these bad
               | schools.
               | 
               | > There's a difference between outlawing enforcement of
               | segregation by law and enforcing laws requiring people to
               | go to schools they may not want their kids to go to. I
               | think calling the second "finishing" the first is
               | misleading.
               | 
               | The distinction you're making is between de jure
               | segregation and de facto segregation, both of which are
               | constitutional violations.
        
               | billytetrud wrote:
               | > we're often spending more $/kid at these bad schools.
               | 
               | Source? I'm surprised to hear that.
               | 
               | > The distinction you're making is between de jure
               | segregation and de facto segregation, both of which are
               | constitutional violations.
               | 
               | I disagree. It is not a consitutional violation for black
               | people to live near each other and go to schools with
               | each other. People segregate themselves socially all the
               | time, for better or worse, and it has nothing to do with
               | the constitution. It would be incredibly dubious to
               | suggest that forcing people to integrate socially would
               | be an appropriate government action - especially if done
               | over a long period of time.
        
               | dnautics wrote:
               | https://www.asumag.com/research/top-10s/article/21126924/
               | amo...
               | 
               | In the top spending districts there are two extremely
               | good districts and the rest (esp. Baltimore and hawaii)
               | are generally well known as terrible.
               | 
               | LAUSD spent 18k/pupil, and Chicago spent 16k, both
               | terrible districtd... Don't know what they are not on
               | there
               | 
               | Perhaps it shouldn't be surprising that they cost so
               | much. The common factor between these districts is
               | rampant political corruption (Baltimore spent millions on
               | a plasma-tv-for-hq scandal, la and NYC burn millions on
               | lawsuits for not firing child rapists, etc)...
               | 
               | Eliminating rubber rooms is _finally_ coming to NYC:
        
           | Tarsul wrote:
           | I read an interview[1] with the general secretary of German
           | trade and he lamented that in Germany for many, many years
           | the consensus was that more and more people had to study.
           | Thias was also because the OECD said so, not just German
           | politicans. He says we don't need so many people who go to
           | university, and I wholeheartedly agree. And this is coming
           | from Germany where the education system is a lot more
           | forgiving than in the US/UK etc. (in that you don't need to
           | study STEM to earn good money, and studies are cheap) But I
           | think in the coming years there will be a lot of rethinking
           | about these things.
           | 
           | [1]https://www.spiegel.de/start/ausbildung-im-handwerk-in-
           | den-k...
        
           | bluedino wrote:
           | >> focus on making high school much much better
           | 
           | Meanwhile we're lowering standards and just passing every kid
           | we can, for 'fairness'
        
             | TheTrotters wrote:
             | I wouldn't pooh pooh that. It's a tough problem for
             | politicians, teachers, education activists and researchers.
             | 
             | If you set high standards and allowed only those who pass
             | them to advance to the next grade, graduate HS etc. then
             | you'd end up with clear racial disparities.
             | 
             | I don't want to get into a discussion about what's the
             | cause of these disparities and who's fault they are. But,
             | based on available data on e.g. SAT scores, we'd have Asian
             | Americans doing the best, followed by whites, and with
             | blacks at the bottom.
             | 
             | It'd provoke a flurry of media debate and negative
             | attention on everyone involved. These people cannot fix the
             | problem itself, at least not fully and certainly not
             | quickly. But they can change standards to make it look like
             | everyone is doing well. After all if you lower standards
             | enough everyone will meet them.
             | 
             | It's a real problem and these incentives aren't going to
             | change. Any solution will have to acknowledge and address
             | them, not pretend that they don't exist and that
             | incompetent or weak-minded politicians are to blame.
        
               | ihsw wrote:
               | Self-selection has already lead to increased racial
               | segregation, Asian and white students are already
               | increasingly being put into private or charter schools.
               | 
               | If we want to improve academic performance of students in
               | predominantly black neighborhoods then we should
               | aggressively remove disruptive students from classrooms
               | regardless of race. An entire classroom is held back by a
               | handful of students intent on raising hell and it does
               | more harm towards ambitious young black boys and girls
               | than any policies intent on solving "disparities."
               | 
               | Disparities in outcome is not evidence of discrimination.
        
             | baq wrote:
             | Not passing a kid sets them back 10 years of life (yeah I
             | made up that number but it's what I'd expect to happen when
             | you end up in a negative feedback loop like this).
             | Education doesn't have a binary outcome.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | > Eventually we ended up with a notion that everyone should go
         | to college and this has been buttressed with government support
         | but what if this idea is wrong?
         | 
         | > What if the incentives created lots of university departments
         | that were superfluous, producing nothing that was actually
         | benefitting society.
         | 
         | I would say that those are two completely independent issues,
         | that just look alike because of policy.
         | 
         | Now, about the actual subject, I'm not sure. The knowledge one
         | gets at higher education brings a lot of possibilities too.
         | It's not all signaling. An educated society is supposed to
         | create wealth by itself, and this seems to happen on practice.
         | I would look elsewhere for the origins of our current economic
         | stagnation.
        
         | thebean11 wrote:
         | Agree with your larger point but:
         | 
         | > This may show up as lots of superfluous/unreproducible papers
         | and journals many not even based on the scientific method.
         | 
         | seems very STEM-centric. It sounds like you're saying academia
         | outside of the realm of science is useless which I completely
         | disagree with.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | nah, this is a huge problem in STEM fields
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | I think the problem is that non-STEM classes have been dumbed
           | down to the point where they just aren't on the same level.
           | You see lots of failed science majors in English class, but
           | no failed English majors in differential equations class. But
           | why not? Writing is hard, and if you had to be as good of a
           | writer to be an English major as you do at math to be a math
           | major, lots of people would fail out of that too. But they
           | don't because those classes are easy. I've never actually
           | heard anybody argue that the subject matter isn't worthy.
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | > You see lots of failed science majors in English class,
             | but no failed English majors in differential equations
             | class.
             | 
             | I always find this funny to read, because that's more or
             | less what happened to me. I was originally very interested
             | in philosophy and the classics, but I just couldn't keep up
             | with the reading and paper assignments. I'm not a bad
             | writer in general, but I'm terrible at writing academic
             | papers. I picked CS/math because I was tired of staring at
             | a blank word document and slowly panicking for a week. with
             | CS/math, I could just sit down and start making progress
             | immediately on a problem set or coding project.
             | 
             | I see the point of what you're saying though. there's a
             | limit to how rigorous an english class can practically be.
             | the difference between bad and mediocre writing is mostly
             | mechanics. but what's the difference between good and great
             | writing? I doubt the "experts" could even agree, let alone
             | come up with a rubric for grading papers.
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | A distinction should be drawn between "this entire field is
           | useless" and "the current discussions in this field are
           | wankery". IMO, STEMlordery stems from students surmising--
           | correctly or not--that their humanities professor's
           | publications are wankery and then falsely assuming that the
           | entire field is hokey junk.
           | 
           | Accrediting boards who demand proof that all departments
           | produce relevant scholarly work are also to blame for the
           | situation, as it leads to a proliferation of write-only
           | journals that will publish any word salad that can be
           | convincingly proven to be in dialogue with contemporary
           | scholarship.
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | I have observed that purported STEMlordery is more of myth
             | than reality, or a caricature created by the media. I have
             | found that on many stem-centric communities that people
             | employed in STEM have great respect for the humanities,
             | such as history, philosophy, or writing. Look at how many
             | non-STEM articles get voted to the top of hacker news, such
             | as articles about literature or philosophy.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | BeFlatXIII wrote:
               | Undergraduate underclassmen and high school students are
               | where you find most real live STEM lords. STEM
               | professionals may be ignorant of the humanities, but they
               | are (for the vast majority) no longer condescendingly
               | dismissive enough to be true STEM lords.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | Personally I love literature and art, my bedroom is lined
               | with poetry books in several languages, and for that very
               | reason, I dislike much of the modern humanities, with
               | their pious, dreary approach to these beautiful and
               | important things.
        
           | greenail wrote:
           | I'm suggesting that we may be overinvesting in some parts of
           | academia outside the realm of science and that publishing in
           | a journal may not be the best way to measure how to tune
           | those investments. Sokal's work in 1996 was interesting and
           | "Sokal Squared" seems relevant to the topic. A journal's
           | ability to filter out parody seems like a good test for
           | evaluating the overall quality of investments in a field.
        
           | deertick1 wrote:
           | Not OP, but would like to say : I don't think science outside
           | of stem is useless, but it is fundamentally different and
           | fundentally less reliable/reproducible. In terms of
           | reliability and rigor, it seems to go about like : Math ->
           | computer science -> physics/chemistry -> biology ->
           | everything else.
           | 
           | As you continue, you must ignore more independent variables
           | to conduct an experiment. By the time you get to social
           | sciences where you're doing self reported survey studies on
           | your sensation of gender acceptance, you cant really call it
           | science anymore.
           | 
           | Not saying its useless, but ir absolutely should not be
           | treated with the same level of reverence and trust as the
           | harder sciences. People act like the government should be
           | making policy decisions based on psychology thesis papers, or
           | that id you disagree with some purple haired feminism
           | professor, you are a science "denier."
           | 
           | Ultimately this is a function of poor education, and hivemind
           | thinking caused by our inundation with news and various
           | media.
           | 
           | But yeah, my point is STEM (in its colloquial usage) is
           | really all that can be considered science and people tend to
           | mistake any academic paper or public persona for science or a
           | scientist respectively, and that just isn't so.
           | 
           | Sorry for the rant.
        
             | dash2 wrote:
             | Article author here. I take your point, but you know
             | there's more to social science than studies of feelings
             | about gender acceptance, right? Here's a randomized
             | controlled trial about how to distribute bednets for
             | malaria: http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/sitefiles/f
             | ile/bednet.... Getting this right potentially saves
             | thousands of lives. It's a rigorous experiment, so in terms
             | of causality you could argue it's considerably tighter and
             | less theory-dependent than e.g. earth sciences.
             | 
             | There are really two issues here which get conflated.
             | First, social life is complex, people aren't like atoms,
             | and all our explanations are gross simplifications. Second,
             | yes, there's a lot of bullshit social science out there.
             | But there's also some real social science, and it can
             | address important issues.
        
             | albatruss wrote:
             | Something important to understand is that the hard sciences
             | are more rigorous, but that's because they're easier to
             | model than what the social sciences have to deal with. The
             | naming is confusing.
        
           | bregma wrote:
           | But everyone knows you can only get rich by working in STEM.
           | Have you ever heard of a musician worth millions? Or a
           | writer? Or an actor? Or an athlete? Fashion designer?
        
             | Game_Ender wrote:
             | What percentage of writers, athletes, actors, or musicians
             | are worth millions? Compare that to the number of STEM
             | graduates.
             | 
             | It's not that you cannot, it't about the likelihood.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | The humanities also include law, politics, and economics
               | [1].
               | 
               | What percentage of laywers, politicians, and economists
               | are worth more than STEM graduates?
               | 
               | How much relative power does each sector have?
               | 
               | [1] Technically a social science, certainly not a
               | hardcore STEM subject.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Economics is not in the humanities, political science is
               | not in the humanities, and law is not typically
               | considered in the humanities.
               | 
               | It kinda sounds like you don't know what the humanities
               | are.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanities#Law_and_politics
               | 
               | Just to be clear, you're both kind of right, but I take
               | objection to your overly aggressive stance on this where
               | you rebut and accuse without providing any sort of
               | evidence.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | The humanities, liberal arts, and social sciences are
               | usually lumped together as "not-STEM".
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | Have you ever heard of one any one of those who anybody
             | gave a shit where they went or if they went to school?
             | (Other than athletes, of course, but for them school is no
             | more than an unpaid apprenticeship forced on them by
             | monopolistic leagues.)
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | You have to look at relative frequency, median wages. A
             | competent coder can made a solid 6 figures.But it requires
             | top .001% of music or athletic ability to make money as a
             | pro. Just being very good at football may be enough to
             | letter but not to join the NFL. Same for writing or acting.
             | World famous actors or writers can make tens of millions of
             | dollars at their craft, but some unknown guy who join #10
             | at Facebook , Airbnb, or coinbase can easily be worth as
             | much or more.
        
           | Frost1x wrote:
           | There's a lot of non-scientific papers produced from the
           | sciences, they're just heavily laced with jargon, complexity,
           | or intentionally limited scope to make publication viable and
           | hide the shortcuts behind them.
           | 
           | When I was young I believed things outside of the sciences
           | and math were useless. As I've grown older, I realize the
           | tremendous value of the arts, humanities, and other studies.
           | They're just not as obviously functional or as easily
           | quantifiable and much of this work is difficult. These
           | studies help us think as humans and not machines. Yes, they
           | can be gamed by disingenuous and often do get low rewards in
           | society, but they're not inherently useless disciplines. The
           | other studies provide much value to what makes life worth
           | living, IMO.
           | 
           | Literature, art, the human state. I love science, don't get
           | me wrong, but I also enjoy the rest.
        
         | mariodiana wrote:
         | My understanding of the history (in the United States) is this.
         | College used to be almost exclusively for the rich. Now, while
         | there were always students who went to college as a stepping
         | stone to the further study of medicine, law, or theology, there
         | were plenty of rich kids -- "legacies," they were called -- who
         | went only because they were from the "right kind" of families,
         | and went only to network with others from the same social
         | circles.
         | 
         | This is where the idea of a "Gentleman's C" comes from. You
         | see, their lives were already pretty well set out. You made
         | connections, graduated, and then went to work for your father
         | or uncle, or your father or uncle's firm; or, married the
         | daughter of a well-to-do family and went to work for your
         | father-in-law.
         | 
         | But there has long been an egalitarian and meritocratic strain
         | in the United States, and after WWII, as a way of saying thank
         | you to those who had saved the world from Hitler, the GI Bill
         | was started. This was a great success.
         | 
         | The GI Bill made it possible for older, generally more mature,
         | and generally more motivated individuals to attend college.
         | Interestingly, the "gentlemen" students, the anecdote goes,
         | used to complain about these people as "DAB's": Damn Average
         | Busters. Those on the GI Bill weren't satisfied with grades of
         | C (whether real or given with a wink).
         | 
         | Now, here I break from the history to my own opinion. The
         | former GI's were a special cohort. To identify them as merely
         | middle and working class people benefiting from college, and
         | from there to imagine that all (or nearly all) middle and
         | working class young people could benefit from college just does
         | not follow.
         | 
         | But, whether or not one follows from the other, it's a
         | _wonderful_ thing for a politician to promise, and just the
         | kind of thing people want to believe. Promising to send the
         | children of your constituents to trade school just doesn 't
         | have the same ring to it. So, it became _college for
         | everybody._
         | 
         | From here, I can pick up with what you're saying, and add that
         | what you're saying jibes with what Allan Bloom said, way back
         | in 1987, with his _Closing of the American Mind._ Bloom argued
         | that middle class people are far more practical, economically
         | -- not having well-to-do fathers, uncles, and father-in-laws to
         | fall back on; and because of that, colleges had to retool to
         | become far more practical. In other words, many of the new
         | degrees -- at least at first -- were closer to the aims of
         | trade schools than traditional liberal arts curriculums. It
         | seems like things were like that for a while.
         | 
         | Where I think it gets worse is that government money has
         | created a bubble in higher education, a bubble that has created
         | degrees which I term _luxury_ degrees. These degrees are
         | neither traditional college curriculums or glorified trade
         | school syllabi. These are the so-called  "navel gazing" or
         | "basket weaving" courses. Maybe, if you were rich and lacked
         | the ability to take over the family business, your rich parents
         | might send you off to study one of these luxury majors, and
         | that might make some kind of sense. Maybe you'd still meet a
         | nice girl or boy, and then fall back on your trust fund. In any
         | case, it would be their money and their business; and, in any
         | case, how much of that sort of thing would there be? But
         | spending taxpayer money to fund these courses of study and
         | produce these degree holders is ludicrous. It is gross
         | malinvestment, plain and simple.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | > Have we reached a state of elite-overproduction?
         | 
         | I'm very curious about this line of thought, as it seems to
         | have become very popular in the blogospher over the past year
         | or two.
         | 
         | What are the consequences of "elite overproduction"? I'm
         | curious what the implications of this line of thought are.
         | 
         | Generally, I think more education is better than less - I am
         | wrong to think that?
         | 
         | My personal hypothesis is that this fear of elite
         | overproduction is being generated by existing professionals who
         | are afraid an increasing supply of educated workers reducing
         | their negotiating position/compensation.
        
           | distribot wrote:
           | I think this elite notion is over-simplified and inaccurate.
           | It suggests that some significant portion of students are at
           | these kind of "walled garden", elite institutions where
           | students become disconnected from the struggles of "real
           | people".
           | 
           | 80% of students go to a school where over half of applicants
           | are accepted. Yes, these schools definitely are centers of,
           | frankly, liberal idealism and free-spiritedness. But I think
           | that would be the case in any system where young people are
           | pretty unsupervised and have lots of time to read and study
           | (or party). In my experience though, they aren't factories
           | for elites in the common sense of that word. They're just a
           | reflection of how you need much more training to be
           | competitive in the job market today.
           | 
           | https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2019/04/harvar.
           | ..
        
             | ta1234567890 wrote:
             | Not OP. My interpretation is that society doesn't really
             | need as many university degrees as we are producing. Not
             | because of competition but because not all jobs require a
             | college degree, and ideally we should be increasing the pay
             | of those jobs.
             | 
             | It might be better to adopt a model similar to the German
             | or Swiss, in which people follow different tracks depending
             | on their skills and interests, and not everyone goes to
             | college, instead a lot of people go to trades schools. Of
             | course for that to work in the US a huge societal change
             | would need to happen first or alongside.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | > ideally we should be increasing the pay of those jobs.
               | 
               | The pay of which jobs? The ones that require a college
               | degree or not.
               | 
               | > Not because of competition but because not all jobs
               | require a college degree
               | 
               | And are the number and prospects of these jobs increasing
               | or decreasing?
               | 
               | I also find this whole conflation of having a college
               | degree and being an elite silly. The problem seems much
               | less to be that we have too many educated people and
               | seems much more that wealth is concentrated by the small
               | subset of wealthy people who "got here first" and then
               | get the compounding returns.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | _> What are the consequences of  "elite overproduction"?_
           | 
           | Underemployment, leading to...
           | 
           | Long term student debts, leading to...
           | 
           | Fewer people starting families
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | > Long term student debts
             | 
             | I agree that this is a problem, and to the extent that we
             | make it too easy for 18 year olds to take out massive
             | amounts of debt, that is bad.
             | 
             | But I feel like many of the people arguing about "elite
             | overproduction" would be opposed to something like making
             | all public schools free or just free community college.
        
               | leetcrew wrote:
               | part of "elite overproduction" (or even the crux, as I
               | understand it), is giving more degrees than jobs actually
               | exist for those degrees. from this perspective, it
               | doesn't make any sense to spend more tax dollars on even
               | more degrees that we (allegedly) don't need. a college
               | degree will stop being a "ticket to the middle-class" (as
               | my alma mater described it) somewhere before everyone has
               | one.
               | 
               | that's the economic side of the argument anyway. I
               | partially agree with what you said further up the chain,
               | that education is a value unto itself. but it depends on
               | what kind of education is actually being obtained. imo, a
               | four year program that focuses on one main area and
               | requires a smattering of intro-level courses in others
               | isn't worth that much if you don't end up getting a job
               | related to that area of focus. I guess if the major was
               | interesting to you, that's something, but was it worth
               | four to six years of your life?
        
         | taneq wrote:
         | > Eventually we ended up with a notion that everyone should go
         | to college and this has been buttressed with government support
         | but what if this idea is wrong?
         | 
         | The mistake was assuming "going to college" was the goal and
         | not "learning something useful." Too many kids spend years of
         | their life and earnings studying completely useless degrees.
         | 
         | > Maybe the incentives focused universities on creating more
         | "education" so they could rake in the cash made readily
         | available through government subsidies targeting those who
         | could not complete STEM degrees.
         | 
         | Nail, head, yep.
        
           | eigenket wrote:
           | Speaking as someone who went pretty heavily into STEM (I have
           | a PhD in math and work as a mathematical physicist) I
           | absolutely hate this view. I have not seen any evidence that
           | on average STEM is harder in a meaningful sense than non-STEM
           | subjects. A huge amount of non-stem stuff is really
           | difficult, if you tried to push me as an undergrad through a
           | philosophy or history or literature degree or whatever I'd
           | probably fail.
           | 
           | Viewing non-stem stubjects as a lesser course for "those who
           | could not complete STEM degrees" is simultaneously idiotic
           | and elitist, which is pretty impressive.
           | 
           | I also completely disagree with the naive assumption that
           | non-vocational degrees are "useless degrees", there is a big
           | difference between something being "useless" and you,
           | personally, not understanding the use.
        
             | scroot wrote:
             | There is a richness to life that has nothing whatsoever to
             | do with money. To the technocratic mind that would confuse
             | this fact, what is "useful" can only ever be presented in
             | the terms of the economics profession.
             | 
             | Under such guidelines it is quite "useless" to, say, spend
             | a decade studying Akkadian. But our understanding of the
             | past would be so much poorer without people willing to
             | engage with Assyriology. I'd like to see STEM-maximalists
             | argue that one engineering field or another is somehow more
             | difficult than ANE studies.
        
               | taneq wrote:
               | Well yeah, it's nice to be independently wealthy and
               | spend your life studying whatever takes your fancy, and
               | if you can afford to do so then good on you.
        
               | scroot wrote:
               | I think the point is that everyone should have such an
               | opportunity without having to be independently wealthy in
               | the first place.
        
               | taneq wrote:
               | I think we agree on the fact that it's nice to have nice
               | things, and it'd be nice of the government paid for more
               | nice things?
        
               | eigenket wrote:
               | Similarly a lot of stuff that falls under the STEM
               | umbrella is completely useless. I have spent months and
               | years of my life working on difficult math problems a
               | bunch of which will probably never have any real-world
               | application.
        
             | taneq wrote:
             | Congrats on getting a job as a mathematical physicist!
             | Among my cohort (which includes a few maths/physics double
             | degrees) that makes you something of a unicorn.
             | 
             | If you take a moment to revisit my post, you'll notice I
             | never mentioned difficulty. I'm well aware that some non-
             | STEM degrees are incredibly complex and I make no claim to
             | any ability in those areas for myself.
             | 
             | I also never made any value judgement about courses being
             | "greater" or "lesser". That's a subjective call and ymmv.
             | 
             | I absolutely don't discount all non-STEM degrees as being
             | 'useless' and there's plenty of insight and wisdom to be
             | had from people with a deep understanding of history, or
             | comparative culture, or any number of fields.
             | 
             | And yet I still feel it's a grave disservice to tell the
             | average high school student that they should go to
             | university for the sake of it, even if that means
             | specializing in glazing techniques in 14th century French
             | pottery or whatever other navel-gazing pursuit, while your
             | insane U.S. tuition fees are extracted from them.
        
               | eigenket wrote:
               | Well I don't have a permanent job, I'm an adjunct, and
               | not based in the US so maybe I experience a slightly
               | different job market to your cohort.
               | 
               | I was mainly focusing on the line "targeting those who
               | could not complete STEM degrees", which seems to heavily
               | imply that the non-stem options are a lesser choice for
               | those for whom stem is too difficult.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | We have been long past point where just a degree is enough.
           | What the degree is in is also important. And here even some
           | hard-science paths like physics can be limiting.
        
         | 13415 wrote:
         | Can you give me an exact definition of "benefitting society"?
         | That sounds a lot like the "real value" of things that salon
         | communists talk about all the time. Count me a skeptic.
         | Opinions about what benefits society differ vastly, and I'm not
         | sure there could be a compelling "objective benefits" theory in
         | this area. Society is what people make of it and how they and
         | elected representatives shape the future.
        
       | eyeundersand wrote:
       | > We should stop trying to pay for good work, and instead, try to
       | hire people who like doing good work and damn the pay. This is in
       | line with the traditional folk wisdom of Cambridge: "hire good
       | people and let them get on with it".
       | 
       | > Lastly, to make the economists less greedy, they should be paid
       | less.
       | 
       | Ha, I needed a good chuckle in the morning. I'll be damned if I
       | accept a job where they except high-quality work for pennies.
       | From my conversations, my colleagues share this sentiment. Also,
       | comparing a (severely underpaid for the work they do) post-doc's
       | salary to global income and saying they're doing fine is a bit
       | disingenuous. -phd candidate in applied econ.
        
         | ggggtez wrote:
         | > to make economists less greedy they should be paid less
         | 
         | How about we tax billionaires, and pay our academics real
         | wages?
         | 
         | I was an academic once, and I made near minimum wage. It's
         | insane to set up a reward structure that punishes thinking
         | people and rewards the randomness of birth.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | I'm very much in favor of taxing inheritance at much higher
           | levels, but I think there is a debate to be had whether the
           | marginal dollar is best spent on social science research or
           | academia writ large.
        
             | ggggtez wrote:
             | I've seen those arguments against free college (what if
             | people get a useless degree in literature!). I think it's
             | bogus.
             | 
             | I want to live in a society of thoughtful intelligent
             | people. I pretty much don't care what you study. I don't
             | care if it has immediate industrial impact like STEM.
             | Higher education is tied to all sorts of benefits,
             | including lower crime rate, better health outcomes...
             | 
             | I think if someone wants to attend college, and they've got
             | the aptitude, then I want that person to do it. I don't
             | want them prevented from learning because of cost.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | Looking over the list of top billionaires, well under half
           | appear to have been passive beneficiaries of birth
           | randomness.
        
             | ggggtez wrote:
             | Is this supposed to be reassuring?
             | 
             | From a societal standpoint, we should design a system that
             | rewards the behavior we want to see. No one has given me
             | any evidence that "being born to someone rich" is actually
             | the thing we want to reward in our tax code.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | It's not clear that the tax code is rewarding that in a
               | significant way. You might argue it's failing to punish
               | it enough for your taste, which is a fine discussion to
               | have.
               | 
               | When I look over the top 10 here, 9/10 are on that list
               | from being overwhelmingly self-made and I want what 8 of
               | those have created to exist. (I think lots of other
               | people self-evidently want LVMH to exist, even though I
               | don't care either way. Same with L'Oreal though that's
               | also the one that's not self-made.)
               | 
               | https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/
        
         | ganzuul wrote:
         | I think he may have discovered socialism but the word is
         | anathema to his reality.
        
         | Ar-Curunir wrote:
         | Yeah this reads like some nonsense wankery, and subscribed to
         | nonsense ideas like "Great Men of History", eg in the part
         | about preferring the output of sexual harassers over the output
         | of many more less problematic researchers.
         | 
         | There's a reason the saying is "Science progresses one death at
         | a time", and not "Science progresses by being sexual-harassment
         | apologists"
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | I expect you'll be downvoted for this comment, as most of HN
           | appears also to be engrossed by "Great Men" theories.
        
         | seibelj wrote:
         | The moment any economic argument is made that relies on human
         | altruism is the moment it should be rejected. Some people may
         | act altruistic some of the time, but in aggregate people refuse
         | to be scammed to help the "greater good".
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | Are you sure? You know about public goods experiments with
           | punishment, right?
        
           | eyeundersand wrote:
           | Curiously, most econ folks seem to miss this. More likely:
           | they conveniently ignore it when it suits their ends or when
           | writing opinionated pieces after they've "made it".
        
             | Matticus_Rex wrote:
             | Huh? Can you point to examples? I can think of a few, but I
             | am unaware of any field or approach that has this tendency
             | _less_ than Economics.
        
         | p_j_w wrote:
         | There are an unfortunate amount of people out there who think
         | everyone else should do their jobs out of love of the work and
         | not worry about pay. I've found they rarely hold themselves to
         | this standard, though, and try to find excuses for why it
         | shouldn't apply to them. You hear people who aren't teachers
         | say this about teachers quite often, especially when they're
         | complaining about the yearly education budget.
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | Article author here. I do indeed work in an economics
           | department. I admit that my sentiment was a bit tongue-in-
           | cheek, because the chance of the discipline supporting this
           | idea seems... low. But I do worry about the effect of very
           | high salaries for "big shots", and I take seriously the risk
           | that we attract people with the wrong mindset.
        
           | bachmeier wrote:
           | Many humanities faculty will complain that they're paid lower
           | salaries than faculty in other areas, yet they'll say
           | students should major in their (low paying and hard to find a
           | job) fields because education is not about money.
        
       | rajacombinator wrote:
       | It'll make more sense when you start thinking of the economics
       | profession as a priesthood.
        
       | bsedlm wrote:
       | >The research industry
       | 
       | I see this as an oxymoron, it's the kind of scenario that makes
       | for bad science such that no amount of incentinves,
       | discincentives, and/or "metrics" can fix.
       | 
       | From "research industry" I get the idea that they want
       | industrial-scale scientific production. Industrial activities are
       | all about roughly predictable outcomes and mostly steady
       | productivity output.
       | 
       | On the other hand scientific research seeking real novelty is---
       | because of the novelty, very unpredictable. So when I read
       | "research industry" I think they refer to "industrial novelty-
       | seeking".
       | 
       | I can imagine somebody saying "we need 10 completely, gound-
       | breaking scientific research articles peer-reviewed every quarter
       | for publication!"
        
         | erikerikson wrote:
         | It seems you are thinking of industry as one might use the term
         | "heavy industry" or "industrial manufacturing". It is also
         | valid to speak of people being industrious or laboring for
         | purpose in a similar manner. For example laboring with their
         | attention and experiments on better understanding the world we
         | live in. In other words, the research industry.
         | 
         | Sadly, would you imagine being said is a bit of what the
         | incentives appear to demand. The "publish or perish" phrase is
         | just one popular reference to that.
        
           | helloSam43 wrote:
           | perish? or is this some theory of leaving academia for the
           | cloth?
        
             | erikerikson wrote:
             | Indeed :D
        
             | toyyodas82727 wrote:
             | It's too bad that we don't have research positions similar
             | to parish priest postings.
             | 
             | We could assign enthusiastic researchers to underserved
             | primary/secondary school teaching positions relevant to
             | their field. In exchange, the researchers could get an
             | extra stipend and a classroom to use as off-hours lab
             | space.
             | 
             | I guess the hard part would be setting up a good network of
             | remote advisors to help everyone stay on track, without
             | enabling the usual toxic power dynamics of academia.
        
         | [deleted]
        
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