[HN Gopher] El Salvador Plans to Use Electricity Generated from ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       El Salvador Plans to Use Electricity Generated from Volcanoes to
       Mine Bitcoin
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 131 points
       Date   : 2021-06-11 10:26 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.npr.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.npr.org)
        
       | lm28469 wrote:
       | > So tell me, why did your civilisation built a Dyson sphere
       | 
       | > BTC lmao XDDD
       | 
       | This world is sick
        
       | thehappypm wrote:
       | One interesting thing to me is that Bitcoin is a lot easier to
       | steal than money in banks. A bad actor can steal your private key
       | and take all of your BTC, and it's gone forever. Try doing that
       | with a bank account -- the bank will back you up, there are
       | transfer limits.
        
         | defgeneric wrote:
         | The whole point of Bitcoin is that the bank itself cannot steal
         | your money.
        
           | thehappypm wrote:
           | Coinbase or any other exchange can certainly steal your
           | coins, just like a bank can steal your money. Hosting your
           | own private key is like having your money in your mattress --
           | it's as secure as you allow it to be, and once stolen it's
           | gone forever.
        
         | leesalminen wrote:
         | Tell that to my brother-in-law who had his identity stolen and
         | several lines of credit taken out in his name. He's spent the
         | past 2 years working to resolve it with limited success. His
         | credit score is still trashed and can't buy a car nor house.
        
         | ipaddr wrote:
         | How does this apply? This makes it easier for others to steal
         | all of the money? I would think they would be selling those
         | coins after mining them not holding on to them as some future
         | investment.
         | 
         | Nevermind that banks in smaller countries can be a huge source
         | of thief.
        
       | einpoklum wrote:
       | I wonder if someone called in a favor with the president in order
       | to hike up the price of BitCoin even more before they sell
       | theirs.
        
       | cs702 wrote:
       | The country is already going all-out in its adoption of Bitcoin,
       | so sure, why not go from "ludicrous" to "plaid" by bringing
       | volcanoes into the mix?[a] For those not living in El Salvador,
       | it will be fascinating to see how this unorthodox approach to
       | monetary policy works out in the end.
       | 
       | [a] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VO15qTiUhLI
        
         | beiller wrote:
         | Yeah. How can a country survive without unlimited QE? The poor
         | residence will see their buying power constantly rise against
         | all other currencies as the other countries of the world follow
         | in USA's footsteps of unlimited manipulation. Realistically
         | that might actually be tough for any of their exports however
         | and may make everyone unemployed as their "currency" rises in
         | value, but will they also all be rich? Frankly I think it is an
         | amazing experiment.
        
       | lucb1e wrote:
       | Almost half the electricity produced in El Salvador is from
       | fossil sources (they don't have nuclear power):
       | https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.PETR.ZS?location...
       | 
       | Option A: invest in that volcano and reduce greenhouse gas
       | emissions.
       | 
       | Option B: invest in that volcano and mine bitcoin.
       | 
       | B makes them richer so long as other people keep expecting
       | Bitcoin prices to rise (increasing demand), so I can see why they
       | do this, but I'm not sure I like it. Even if the equipment,
       | installation, and operation are all compensated for, it's wasting
       | renewable energy on making heat and some money by gambling on
       | future demand of a PoW-based system. But for a poor country,
       | making money to get up to rich country living standards makes
       | sense so... I can't even fault them.
        
         | bgitarts wrote:
         | Option A requires building out power transmission and storage.
         | 
         | Option B does not as the mining is always running and near the
         | source.
        
         | wyager wrote:
         | The economics of geothermal are often unfavorable for
         | consumer/industrial electricity production. Bitcoin mining is
         | unique in that provides a consistent consumer for electricity
         | at a reliable price 24/7.
         | 
         | The long-term effect of Bitcoin mining will probably be to
         | subsidize the creation of reliable constant-output power
         | sources like geothermal and nuclear, with some of that capacity
         | being used for consumer/industrial usage during peak hours.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | "a reliable price" until the bubble pops?
        
             | wyager wrote:
             | If the price of Bitcoin goes down, it will reduce demand
             | starting at the most expensive power sources used to mine
             | Bitcoin. There is a lot of "buffer" for something like
             | geothermal before Bitcoin falls enough for it to get axed.
        
         | kerng wrote:
         | Its telling of the quality if HN, if the top comment is a false
         | dichotomy... I have noticed a steep decline of thoughtful
         | comments over the last year.
         | 
         | And of course: why not do both, and more?
         | 
         | Edit: lots of downvotes, but at least a higher quality comment
         | is on top now.
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | > why not do both, and more?
           | 
           | We'd all love if they did that instead of what was announced,
           | but that's not the announcement.
        
           | jlarocco wrote:
           | Yeah, it's hard to imagine an implementation where the
           | geothermal can _only_ be used for bitcoin mining.
           | 
           | I'm not a fan of crypto or bitcoin, but if it funds their
           | roll out of geothermal power, then that seems like a net-
           | positive.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | > why not do both, and more
           | 
           | Presumably because they have limited capital and can't solve
           | all problems at once?
        
         | emodendroket wrote:
         | I imagine what happens is a small circle of people makes a
         | whole lot of money this way.
        
         | cratermoon wrote:
         | > B makes them richer
         | 
         | B makes the colonizing foreign investors richer. It won't do
         | shit for the poor country.
        
           | 29athrowaway wrote:
           | When a government...
           | 
           | 1) owns a profitable state company
           | 
           | 2) that does not require the cooperation of the population in
           | order to be profitable
           | 
           | ...the result is a dictatorship.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rStL7niR7gs
        
             | lucb1e wrote:
             | That sounds a lot like Norway though, didn't they have this
             | massive amount of money from some natural resource (oil I
             | think) and made a big pension fund for the population?
             | 
             | There are obviously also counter-examples, but a currently-
             | democratic country finding a new way to make money from
             | natural resources, I wouldn't expect we have a large enough
             | sample size to really say anything about that with
             | certainty.
             | 
             | Edit: The Norway thing being (for those interested):
             | 
             | > [The oil fund] was established in 1990 to invest the
             | surplus revenues of the Norwegian petroleum sector. It has
             | over US$1.3 trillion in assets, including 1.4% of global
             | stocks and shares, making it the world's largest sovereign
             | wealth fund. In May 2021, it was worth about $248,000 per
             | Norwegian citizen.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Pension_Fund_of_No
             | r...
        
               | 29athrowaway wrote:
               | Because oil was discovered in modern times when Norway
               | was already a developed society with strong institutions
               | and an educated populace.
               | 
               | In contrast, El Salvador right now is still fighting
               | barbarism and anarchy.
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | How did you reach that conclusion? Wouldn't this be a way to
           | export power without the lines.
        
             | freeone3000 wrote:
             | No, because Bitcoin doesn't turn back into energy. The
             | energy is just gone.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | "To prevent colonizing foreign investors from controlling
           | your country, you just have to run your country how I, an
           | educated wealthy westerner, think you should."
        
           | rawtxapp wrote:
           | Are you referring to the fact that their currency is USD
           | which they don't control therefore can be pushed around by
           | the USG?
        
         | deweller wrote:
         | This is a false dichotomy.
         | 
         | They can subsidize the startup costs for harvesting geothermal
         | energy from Bitcoin mining and then use the geothermal
         | infrastructure to produce electricity for the country.
        
           | emodendroket wrote:
           | It's not a false dichotomy. The infrastructure does not exist
           | and they can't do both things at once
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | How does the infrastructure not exist given geothermal
             | currently provides a quarter of their electricity?
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | The parent said with profits they can fund plus some work
             | will need to be made to mine bitcoin possible and those
             | road/building can be repurposed.
        
             | deweller wrote:
             | A false dichotomy is when one argues that only option A or
             | option B are available when in fact options C, D, and E
             | also exist.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_dilemma
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | I know what a false dichotomy is. I'm rejecting the claim
               | that we're dealing with one.
        
             | narrator wrote:
             | They can put the Bitcoin mine out in the middle of nowhere
             | next to the volcano. Building a transmission and
             | distribution infrastructure to the rest of the country can
             | be funded by the Bitcoin mine.
        
               | bthazos wrote:
               | They tried this in Italy 2000+ years ago. A wealthy city
               | will spawn from the mine, but since bitcoin doesn't
               | appease the gods like physical gold does, the city will
               | be buried in ash.
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | That sounds great. Let's hope that actually happens and hope
           | that the geothermal equipment lasts longer than Bitcoin
           | demand lasts. Perhaps, though, if that is actually the plan,
           | they could say as much?
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | They are already doing Option A.
         | 
         |  _El Salvador is the largest producer of geothermal energy in
         | Central America._
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_El_Salva...
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | Or option A + B: Invest in more geothermal - they already have
         | a lot -, and use bitcoin mining when demand is low to help
         | offset the cost. If mining makes it cost-effective to increase
         | sources like geothermal past the point where it covers the base
         | load so it reduces the need for peaker plants, that might be
         | worthwhile (though of course the other option is to invest in
         | storage)
         | 
         | But the potential geothermal output for El Salvador is huge.
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | Okay but that's not what they're saying, is it? If that was
           | the plan, surely there would be a mention of said plan while
           | they're announcing plans. Would be a bit weird to only
           | announce "we're gonna turn heat into heat+money" but not "and
           | also reduce our climate impact whenever possible".
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | You're assuming there _is_ a plan, rather than just the
             | president using it to get attention. All that seems to have
             | really happened is that he 's asked someone at the majority
             | government owned geothermal power company to look into
             | doing it.
        
               | lucb1e wrote:
               | Not exactly. I'm wondering whether the person who says
               | they're going to do something better than what they're
               | currently saying is correct.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Who is saying they _are_ going to do something better?
               | You gave a couple of options, and I pointed out there was
               | an additional option. They are still just options absent
               | a commitment to a plan, and there 's no indication anyone
               | has set out any actual plans.
        
             | garydevenay wrote:
             | Some context to this plan:
             | 
             | This idea was presented to President Bukele during a
             | Twitter Spaces[1] session where he discussed the bill with
             | the Bitcoin community whilst it was going through voting.
             | Mining Bitcoin was not something he has previously
             | considered and openly ideated on the call with the
             | community. It seems like a fully proposed plan for how
             | Bitcoin mining will play a part in the country's overall
             | energy policy has likely not yet been fully formed.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRnygiyuG0k&t=4s
        
           | paulgb wrote:
           | > use bitcoin mining when demand is low to help offset the
           | cost
           | 
           | I've looked at income statements of a bunch of public
           | companies that mine Bitcoin, and one of the most striking
           | things is how much of the cost is actually depreciation of
           | hardware. Granted, part of this is that they are running the
           | hardware to its limits, but another aspect is that new
           | improved mining hardware comes out frequently and pushes the
           | old hardware over the profitability edge.
           | 
           | Basically, I'm skeptical that anyone can mine Bitcoin
           | profitably without running the hardware 24/7. Other coins
           | that use commodity hardware, maybe.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | But aggressive depreciation of hardware is in part a
             | function of how much the electricity costs. If you're
             | running off what is in effect "waste", then that would
             | change the amortisation significantly.
             | 
             | May well be that it won't change the cost structure
             | _enough_ - I treat this as the president deciding an
             | announcement like this, which amounts to little more than
             | "I've asked them to look into it", as a way to get some
             | publicity. It could very well end up being silently put
             | aside if the costs don't stack up.
        
       | nonamenoslogan wrote:
       | Seems to me El Salvador will say anything they can to make the
       | price rise.
        
         | deepserket wrote:
         | exactly, the problem with listening who is betting in bitcoin
         | is that they will try to pump the price almost all the times
        
       | whereistimbo wrote:
       | goblok. I feel relieved, even though Indonesian President is
       | still Jokowi, he isn't as stupid, hippie dumb like El Salvador's
       | president.
        
       | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
       | At what point do the Bitcoin bros notice the company they keep is
       | getting more and more ridiculous?
        
         | defgeneric wrote:
         | What exactly is ridiculous about El Salvador? What an ignorant
         | and racist comment.
        
       | runbathtime wrote:
       | The El Salvador government is directing a state run energy
       | company to provide 'cheap' (does that mean free?) energy to those
       | mining bitcoin in El Salvador. Are these miners even locals or
       | are they Americans? The miners will be getting cheap energy at
       | the expense of the local population/ country. Maybe the miner's
       | profits will be taxed and go back to the government for a return
       | on investment. The thermal energy from the volacano is being
       | pursued not because it is more efficient, but because it is more
       | green and more moral. El Salvador making bitcoin legal tender,
       | and forcing it to be accepted in payments, is the best thing to
       | happen to bitcoin. The only way this can work is if the
       | government buys the bitcoin from merchants and give them dollars,
       | so the government is the buyer of last resort for your bitcoin.
       | No where in the world can a bitcoiner force anyone to accept
       | bitcoin for goods/services or exchange for dollars but El
       | Salvador. El Salvador receives millions of dollars in aid from
       | the US. The US tax payer is funding bitcoin mining (through
       | energy subsidy) and funding the El Salvador government trading
       | facility of converting bitcoin to dollars. The government bears
       | the transactions costs/ and the volatility risk. El Salvador
       | shouldn't receive a cent of US aid to support this, only private
       | contributions. If the El Salvador government has enough money for
       | bitcoin projects, they don't need US aid for humanitarian
       | reasons. Bitcoiners who support this can no longer claim to be
       | about freedom, as this is coercive, and is only possible through
       | massive government spending to subsidize it that El Salvador is
       | doing. This is only a victory for the miners being subsidized,
       | and the bitcoiners who have a buyer of last resort. Is it really
       | a medium of exchange if statistics show that 95% of merchants
       | convert to dollars immediately? Is it really a victory if you
       | have to use government force to get people to accept it?
        
         | pocoloco wrote:
         | > El Salvador receives millions of dollars in aid from the US.
         | 
         | This has been true for decades. Not anymore. A couple of weeks
         | back the US gov said that it would stop all USAID funding and
         | give it instead to ONGs in El Salvador which are basically the
         | opposition or anti-Bukele.
         | 
         | I assume that there are other ways that the US gov sends "aid"
         | but I'm sure these will also stop soon enough.
        
           | neither_color wrote:
           | Wow this is the REAL story then. I had no idea why this move
           | to BTC came out of nowhere and passed as law so quickly.
           | Really scummy move from the US, using aid money to bully
           | small countries and enforce its will. Too many strings come
           | with US foreign "aid", it's more like predatory lending. I
           | hope this works out for El Salvador.
        
       | pizza234 wrote:
       | Two questions:
       | 
       | - will those moves make the country a good location for
       | laundering bitcoins?
       | 
       | - generally speaking, is there no other way of profiting from
       | surplus electricity (which essentially, this is)?
        
         | dadoge wrote:
         | https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.nytimes.com/2021/06/09/tech...
         | 
         | Nah. Bitcoin is actually a lot easier to trace than paper US
         | Dollars.
        
           | ostenning wrote:
           | Exactly, people who claim btc is anonymous don't know what
           | they are talking about. You can literally trace every
           | transaction ever made, and given nearly all on-off ramps to
           | fiat require KYC, btc itself is not the problem.
           | 
           | The problem comes from privacy coins like Monero, which
           | arguably should be outlawed (if not already)
        
             | Hendrikto wrote:
             | > The problem comes from privacy coins like Monero, which
             | arguably should be outlawed (if not already)
             | 
             | You cannot (and should not try to) outlaw maths.
        
             | selsta wrote:
             | > The problem comes from privacy coins like Monero, which
             | arguably should be outlawed (if not already)
             | 
             | Are you also in favour of outlawing Tor, E2EE, HTTPS? I am
             | always surprised that some people want privacy outlawed.
             | 
             | Disclaimer: Monero contributor
        
             | jMyles wrote:
             | Can you imagine the price spike the day that's announced?
             | 
             | But also: outlaw _where_? Math doesn 't recognize borders;
             | the two are like oil and water.
        
             | cinntaile wrote:
             | Regarding privacy coins... This sounds a bit dystopian
             | though, why do you think the state should have a right to
             | see your entire transaction history?
        
         | kcmastrpc wrote:
         | - given the economies of scale, im guessing that the major 1st
         | world countries will continue to be the most prolific in terms
         | of bitcoin laundering
         | 
         | - of course there are other ways, but given the return on kW/h,
         | what's the _most_ profitable?
        
         | vondro wrote:
         | > generally speaking, is there no other way of profiting from
         | surplus electricity (which essentially, this is)?
         | 
         | Making hydrogen, smelting aluminium, de-salinating water. But
         | bitcoin can be transferred over internet, so the logistics is
         | easier.
        
           | kcmastrpc wrote:
           | unless the US ramps up nuclear or renewables to a level as of
           | yet unseen, i can see the US building fresh water pipelines
           | to central america in the next 25-50 years.
        
         | conjectures wrote:
         | > other way
         | 
         | Undoubtedly there is, e.g. steel making - with the attendant
         | logistical challenges. But few ways to fairly directly convert
         | electricity into money.
        
         | garydevenay wrote:
         | In the case of laundering Bitcoin-- this seems to be a majorly
         | misunderstood concept. Bitcoin transactions are completely
         | transparent and observable by everyone who has an internet
         | connection. Anyone (with an internet connection) can watch any
         | wallet and observe any and all transactions. The notion of a
         | country being a "good location for laundering bitcoins" doesn't
         | really make sense, as Bitcoin are never in a location.
         | 
         | In terms of profiting from surplus electricity, Bitcoin (or
         | cryptocurrency mining in general) is a great option as it's
         | exceptionally simple to scale up and down in accordance with
         | available cheap surplus. One major benefit that miners are
         | taking advantage of is locating in close proximity to energy
         | stations, reducing the inefficiency of transporting electrical
         | energy over distance. This turns effectively "wasted" energy in
         | to a solidly efficient energy store for infinite amount of
         | time-- for example: 1 BTC will always be equal to 1/21000000 of
         | the total supply.
        
           | numbers_guy wrote:
           | You know how much each wallet contains but not whom it
           | belongs to. Hypothetically, if you cannot use a western
           | exchange you might figure out how to buy Hondurian assests,
           | and then resell for dollars. It entirely depends on how
           | Honduras will setup KYC laws, if any at all.
        
           | legutierr wrote:
           | Are lightning transactions completely transparent?
        
             | ajkdhcb2 wrote:
             | The transactions pass through generally only 1-2 nodes
             | which will be required to log everything unless they want
             | to risk punishment for laundering illegal BTC, and people
             | dont want to close their channel and end up with illegal
             | BTC without evidence of how it happened, so yeah. There are
             | huge problems with trying to build fungibility on top of a
             | traceable foundation.
        
           | pyrale wrote:
           | > it's exceptionally simple to scale up and down in
           | accordance with available cheap surplus.
           | 
           | This point comes back frequently, but it's actually not true.
           | 
           | In order to turn a profit from bitcoin, you need to offset
           | hardware depreciation costs, and that usually means you need
           | to mine 24/7.
        
           | StavrosK wrote:
           | I agree with the rest of your comment, but there's some
           | sleight of hand here:
           | 
           | > This turns effectively "wasted" energy in to a solidly
           | efficient energy store for infinite amount of time-- for
           | example: 1 BTC will always be equal to 1/21000000 of the
           | total supply.
           | 
           | It's not an efficient energy store if you can't get the
           | energy back, it's just energy usage. Also, yes, 1 BTC will
           | always be the same fraction of the total supply, but the
           | actual value of it varies.
        
             | garydevenay wrote:
             | I think that's a fair comment. Re-using the word "energy"
             | in that sense is potentially misleading to always mean
             | electrical energy.
             | 
             | As for the value of 1 BTC, it's value fluctuates if you
             | operate on a base currency which is not BTC, but that is
             | the same for any currency exchange.
             | 
             | (I am suggesting currency, though I also understand that
             | BTC may not be unanimously agreed on as a currency-- but in
             | El Salvador's case it is)
        
               | StavrosK wrote:
               | > As for the value of 1 BTC, it's value fluctuates if you
               | operate on a base currency which is not BTC, but that is
               | the same for any currency exchange.
               | 
               | Yes but also, even though 1 BTC will always be worth 1
               | BTC, the amount of work it buys you won't be the same, as
               | with any currency. In theory, you can also store USD for
               | an infinite amount of time (assuming you exchange the
               | paper for new paper when it decays), but it, too, won't
               | hold its value.
        
               | garydevenay wrote:
               | > In theory, you can also store USD for an infinite
               | amount of time
               | 
               | This is actually not true, as 1 USD does not equal a
               | static percentage of all USD. If you look at the stock-
               | to-flow of storing value in USD compared to Bitcoin or
               | even Gold, it's immediately apparent that USD or central
               | bank backed fiat currency is an exceptionally inefficient
               | way to store value as it's being debased at alarming
               | rates.
               | 
               | This is why $1000 was worth way more in 1980 than it is
               | today.
               | 
               | Edit Note: I actually just re-read your comment and
               | realised I misread. I read store value for an infinite
               | amount of time
        
               | throwawayffffas wrote:
               | I would point out that 1 BTC does not equal 1/21000000 of
               | the total supply forever. For three main reasons a)
               | wallet keys get lost making stored bitcoins unavailable.
               | b) The developers/community may very well decide to
               | change the total amount of bitcoins available in the
               | future. c) With the rise of quantum computing it is
               | conceivable that the public key encryption that is used
               | to secure the wallets may be broken in the next few
               | decades rendering bitcoin unusable.
               | 
               | EDIT: corrected public key, I had written
               | "public/private" for some reason.
        
           | epigen wrote:
           | > this seems to be a majorly misunderstood concept.
           | 
           | It seems you misunderstand. Illicit fiat and extortion can be
           | used to access energy to mine Bitcoin, effectively laundering
           | that illicit fiat.
        
             | garydevenay wrote:
             | This scenario doesn't have any particular features that
             | make access to energy or mining bitcoin the differentiating
             | factor. Illicit fiat and extortion can be used in order to
             | launder illicit fiat in many ways.
             | 
             | The underlying problem actually lies in the fiat system,
             | not the Bitcoin one.
        
               | epigen wrote:
               | > The underlying problem actually lies in the fiat
               | system, not the Bitcoin one.
               | 
               | How so?
        
               | garydevenay wrote:
               | > How so?
               | 
               | Fiat currencies are exceptionally good instruments for
               | exchange value for illicit purposes. Primarily this is
               | because it is unknown what the total supply of fiat is
               | (although there are reasonable models for estimation) and
               | it's transactional history is impossible to define.
               | 
               | Both of these properties combined (although other factors
               | undoubtably are at play) mean it's very easy for large
               | amounts of fiat to exchange hands without any third
               | parties knowing (i.e cash transactions).
               | 
               | This is the underlying issue that allows fiat currencies
               | to be the best method for transacting for illicit
               | purposes.
        
             | Hendrikto wrote:
             | Wouldn't the money already need to be laundered to buy
             | energy with it in the first place?
        
               | epigen wrote:
               | Iran doesn't need to launder money to buy electricity in
               | their own country.
        
             | disruptalot wrote:
             | Wow this is perhaps the best critique of Bitcoin yet.
             | 
             | In summary, Bitcoin is bad because it allows money
             | laundered using the existing financial system to flow into
             | it. Forget the property, energy and hardware providers for
             | accepting illicit funds. Bitcoin is the real problem.
        
           | jiveturkey wrote:
           | > this seems to be a majorly misunderstood concept.
           | 
           | By you as well!
           | 
           | 1. Yes, they are transparent, however mixers are a thing.
           | 
           | 2. The 2 things confounding mixers are KYC and volume. El
           | Salvador, a country, is in a position to ignore KYC and
           | thereby promote mixing (laundering as one of the benefits)
           | under its jurisdiction. Now they just have to attract the
           | volume. You could never get away with this in the US.
           | 
           | There's more to it than the bitcoin fundamentals. Laws do
           | matter and they come into play by location.
        
       | yawaworht1978 wrote:
       | Does a volcano have to be active to generate electricity from it
       | or is heat sufficient?
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | Geothermal, similar to Iceland ...
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Iceland
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | Geothermal heat is sufficient.
        
       | pocoloco wrote:
       | As a Salvadoran living abroad but keeping an eye on politics
       | there, I feel the need to comment given the amount of skepticism
       | shown here, which is understandable given the history.
       | 
       | I believe that what the president, Nayib Bukele, and his team
       | have done is monumental. The reason is that I also believe that
       | the financial system crashed back in 2008 and has been kept alive
       | by central banks worldwide. Last summer we saw how Lebanon banks
       | reneged to pay back their customers their holdings in USD. This
       | seems to be increasing. The thirst for USD around the world is
       | increasing and all the so called printing by the FED is not
       | getting to the other countries and international companies fast
       | enough. El Salvador is in a though position since it does not
       | control its main currency. The other one, the Colon, while still
       | legal tender is for all practical purposes unusable. It would
       | take too long to grow the economy enough for it to be valued
       | appropriately against the USD. Mandating BTC as legal tender is
       | an awesome move. To me the most important benefit is that the 70%
       | of the population which was excluded from banking and relegated
       | to use physical currency will now be included. If the economy is
       | an engine and money is the oil, El Salvador, which had only some
       | drops of oil, will now get a complete oil change with synthetic
       | on top of that. Lets remember that the law obligates the
       | government to instruct all citizens on the use of the technology
       | and to provide the means if necessary. This means that the
       | government now has to provide connectivity to all citizens and
       | teach them. Nayib has shown that he's up to the task. For
       | example, El Salvador is providing every child in the public
       | school system with a laptop and free internet connectivity.
       | 
       | So I think this is beyond if BTC goes up to 200k. It doesn't
       | matter. If it goes back to 10k is OK too. What matters is that
       | every citizen will now be included as equal in this new financial
       | system.
        
         | yongjik wrote:
         | Not gonna argue about bitcoin's merit, but this part:
         | 
         | > Lets remember that the law obligates the government to
         | instruct all citizens on the use of the technology and to
         | provide the means if necessary. This means that the government
         | now has to provide connectivity to all citizens and teach them.
         | 
         | It's like proposing to dismantle old but working streetcars,
         | because when the only way people can get around is by cars then
         | the government will have to build decent highways. Sure, maybe
         | the government should, but if it couldn't until now then what
         | makes you think it will suddenly be able to?
        
         | sanderjd wrote:
         | Without debating any of your points: bitcoin is a terrible
         | choice for this. It is horribly volatile, it is incredibly
         | expensive to transact in, it is an awful waste of energy.
         | 
         | Using a stablecoin on a proof of stake blockchain with high
         | transaction rates would make a lot of sense.
         | 
         | But that wouldn't help the officials who pushed this get rich
         | from their stash of bitcoin...
        
           | rawtxapp wrote:
           | Once again, El Salvador is using lightning network which
           | enable almost instant and practically free Bitcoin payments.
           | PoS isn't perfect either and has it's own sets of problems.
        
             | sanderjd wrote:
             | It remains to be seen whether lightning network will
             | actually work for this. If it does, then I'll allow that
             | only the volatility and energy waste are the reasons this
             | is a bad idea.
             | 
             | But yeah, if you sell this to me as a test of lightning at
             | scale, then I'm definitely more interested in it, while
             | still thinking a super volatile asset is a bad currency.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | It _does_ work, they have been using it in El Zonte town
               | for quite some time now [1].
               | 
               | The volatility will come down as the market caps get
               | larger, but it'll never go away (I mean even fiat
               | currencies and gold's price fluctuate on a daily basis).
               | 
               | The energy usage ( _not_ waste if you consider it to be a
               | useful thing) will only go up as the price goes up, but
               | it 'll use increasingly renewable % and stranded energy
               | and even bankroll new renewable power plants that
               | wouldn't have been profitable to start.
               | 
               | 1: https://www.forbes.com/sites/tatianakoffman/2020/07/14
               | /this-...
        
               | Shaanie wrote:
               | This "volatility will come down as the market cap gets
               | larger" keeps getting thrown around, yet Bitcoin just
               | lost 50% of its value at a market cap of 1 trillion USD.
               | What market cap is required for Bitcoin to stop being
               | volatile?
        
               | megameter wrote:
               | Well, how little volatility is needed to be called
               | stable? Over a few years, large swings can happen with
               | _major forex pairs_. Take GBP /USD for example: High of
               | 1.71602 in 2014. Low of 1.14926 in 2020. It currently
               | trades around 1.4.
               | 
               | So, not the same kinds of returns and drawdowns as
               | BTC/USD, but enough to make one's eyes water and stomach
               | churn. Forex has always had a reputation for volatility.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | I think it is more useful to look at inflation /
               | deflation as the comparison point for a currency rather
               | than forex pairs.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | I mean even gold (which is a centuries old asset) is
               | pretty volatile on a yearly basis (high of ~2100$, low of
               | ~1650$ this year).
               | 
               | I think when Bitcoin approaches Gold's price, you can
               | expect similar volatility because by then large
               | institutions/countries would be holding it.
               | 
               | Also on a long term basis, it appreciates an average of
               | ~300% year over year which is much better than the dollar
               | which is depreciating on purpose.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | Gold is not a used directly as a currency anymore, in
               | part for the reason that it's hard to control the value
               | of an asset. It turns out that having some control over a
               | currency's inflation/deflation is very powerful and good
               | for economies to function.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | Fiat currencies fluctuate too, even a big pair like
               | USD/EUR has a high of ~0.9 and low of ~0.8 this year and
               | if we are talking about smaller currencies like say the
               | Turkish Lira, you're looking at much larger changes.
               | 
               | Gold isn't used directly because it's not convenient, are
               | you gonna transport a heavy metal that you can't divide
               | into small portions to pay for stuff? No! Lightning
               | network wallets makes even tiny payments of couple
               | satoshis very easy/instant/almost free.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | Gold is also a very bad currency.
        
             | pkulak wrote:
             | Lightning is a horrible kludge to deal with the fact that
             | Bitcoin is terrible at being a currency. It essentially
             | boils down to this process:
             | 
             | 1. Pay huge fees to take your money off the blockchain.
             | 
             | 2. Whiz it around a new, totally independent, centralized
             | network where you need an always-on connection to anyone
             | you're paying or receiving from and need to trust any
             | intermediaries you're using, with brand new fees for every
             | transaction and even at rest (so you can pay a "watchtower"
             | to help make sure you don't get cheated).
             | 
             | 3. Pay more huge fees to put your money back on the
             | blockchain when you're done.
             | 
             | 4. Wonder how you got yourself into a situation where you
             | have all the disadvantages of Visa and Bitcoin, with none
             | of the advantages of either.
             | 
             | We already have existing coins, like Nano, that can handle
             | transactions instantly, for zero fees, and with nearly no
             | energy use, on the main chain.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | Channel factories will open/close many channels at once,
               | so you'll only pay a fraction of the blockchain
               | transaction cost. It has the advantages of Bitcoin's
               | security and p2p network speed.
               | 
               | Security and trust are a lot more important for currency,
               | nano doesn't have that. It has easily been spammed [1].
               | It barely has a market cap of ~1B$ and has never
               | recovered to it's 2017 prices, so it's not even remotely
               | close to being an ideal candidate for a country's
               | currency.
               | 
               | 1: https://www.coindesk.com/nanos-network-flooded-spam-
               | nodes-ou...
        
               | pkulak wrote:
               | Eh, it got spammed and transactions slowed to BTC level
               | (but still with no fees) for a couple months. Spam is a
               | solvable problem. A hard limit of 4 transactions per
               | second isn't.
               | 
               | Ya know what doesn't have security and trust? Putting
               | your entire country on two custodial wallets and having
               | all your citizen's wealth in the hands of two foreign
               | companies (channel factoried or no). No one in El
               | Salvador actually owns any Bitcoin. It baffles me how
               | anyone could get on board with the original ideals of
               | BTC, then defend what's happening now.
        
           | defgeneric wrote:
           | > But that wouldn't help the officials who pushed this get
           | rich from their stash of bitcoin...
           | 
           | The price didn't move much after the announcement. The whole
           | point is to attract those who have already gotten rich from
           | their stash of bitcoin to come to the country.
        
             | sanderjd wrote:
             | Yes that too.
        
         | Avshalom wrote:
         | >> Lets remember that the law obligates the government to
         | instruct all citizens on the use of the technology and to
         | provide the means if necessary. This means that the government
         | now has to provide connectivity to all citizens and teach them.
         | Nayib has shown that he's up to the task. For example, El
         | Salvador is providing every child in the public school system
         | with a laptop and free internet connectivity.
         | 
         | That could have been done with just like a public bank instead
         | of bitcoin though.
        
           | jerry1979 wrote:
           | If this experiment works, it should benefit the people in El
           | Salvador because they now have the option to transact and
           | communicate their purchase preferences all around the globe
           | instead of just to the people they meet in person. As for
           | using normal banks, I reckon we had the whole 20th century to
           | try that experiment. Now, banks seem a bit like hope-cope
           | such that it seems like a matter of shitting in one hand and
           | "could have been done with just like a public bank" in the
           | other.
        
         | lucasnortj wrote:
         | lol "new financial system", bitcoin is literally useless. take
         | of your tinfoil hat
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | I think all of this is completely upside down.
         | 
         | It's a wildly irresponsible financial move.
         | 
         | 1) It only takes a bare minimum of competence to create a
         | currency that has integrity, and is stable.
         | 
         | 2) Extending that digitally, should not be a hard.
         | 
         | 3) Using energy supplies to calculate made up numbers seems
         | like a giant waste of energy - that energy could be used to
         | heat homes and power other things.
         | 
         | 4) BTC is wildly unstable, since El Salvador depends on imports
         | - and - nobody accepts BTC for payment - it's going to be a
         | wild ride.
         | 
         | 5) Nobody is going to be issuing debt in BTC so that part is
         | moot.
         | 
         | 6) BTC is inappropriate for 'unbanked' people - they're going
         | to be the target of hackers worldwide. Sure, you could make a
         | 'government wallet' that protects them from that ... but then
         | why not just do regular banking.
         | 
         | 6) For a _currency_ ... if for some reason you can 't do #1 ...
         | the best option, by far, is to use USD. Prices in USD are
         | stable. They're accepted globally. You don't have to issue debt
         | in USD, but you can if you want. You can also digitally bank in
         | USD if you want, it's not that hard.
         | 
         | 7) If you really think that the best way to leverage volcanic
         | heat is to mine BTC ... then fine. Do that - and exchange it
         | for whatever currency you need.
         | 
         | This whole concept is fairly insane, regular people I feel are
         | going to pay a heavy price.
         | 
         | Lastly - the problem is not 'finances' - it's the fools
         | managing the country. If they acted with a modicum of
         | responsibility, you'd be able to have all of the normal things
         | other countries do i.e. a currency, basic banking. None of that
         | is actually that hard.
         | 
         | A better solution would be to approach an established bank
         | somewhere: US, Canada, Brazil, UK, Germany and ask them to
         | provide online banking for your citizens, probably in USD or a
         | mix of USD and local currency.
         | 
         | Do the BTC mining if you really want to, but as a secondary
         | thing.
         | 
         | Final Note: this already has the stench of corruption. My bet
         | is that the leadership already has a big stake in BTC and are
         | 'Doing a Musk' by propping it up and they will be grafting off
         | the top of the mining activity.
        
           | pocoloco wrote:
           | I'm afraid that if I try to retort to each point we may end
           | up talking past each other.
           | 
           | But I will say this, I think that your assumption in point 1
           | is wrong. I think that the mismanagement of the financial
           | system worldwide has proven that there is no country currency
           | invulnerable to manipulation.
           | 
           | Jeff Booth talks about this towards the end of this interview
           | which is great in it's entirety IMO.
           | 
           | How Inflation Is Stealing Your Wealth | Jeff Booth | Pomp
           | Podcast #572 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuCqFjU9Wi4
        
         | rsj_hn wrote:
         | > The thirst for USD around the world is increasing and all the
         | so called printing by the FED is not getting to the other
         | countries and international companies fast enough.
         | 
         | This is because all the Fed does is create reserves that it
         | uses to purchase Treasuries on the open market. But when we
         | talk of foreigners demanding USD, what they really demand are
         | treasuries, thus more "printing" (it is electronic, reserves
         | are just numbers in a database) actually _reduces_ the supply
         | of assets that foreigners want to hold. Of course the scale is
         | not really relevant to make a big difference in either
         | direction.
         | 
         | What _would_ increase the supply of treasuries is more debt
         | issuance. There is an insatiable thirst to hold risk free debt
         | in stable jurisdictions where property rights are respected.
         | That is why the U.S. can run enormous deficits every year and
         | the yields on those deficits are negative in real terms. None
         | of this has anything to do with the supply of Federal reserve
         | liabilities, which are reserves, but with the supply of
         | Treasury liabilities, both actual liabilities and the off-
         | balance sheet stuff like mortgages which are federally insured
         | and thus also risk-free. We live in a world where the
         | globalization of capital means that the moment anyone has some
         | money to save, they want to store it on account in some US Bank
         | or as a US corporate bond or equity, as they don 't trust their
         | own local banks and their own local corporations. Thus the U.S.
         | is the world's bank, and that's why there is a global demand
         | for dollar-denominated assets independent of whatever the
         | Federal reserve does to increase or decrease the supply of
         | reserves within the US banking system. Adjusting those reserves
         | with open market operations does absolutely nothing to supply
         | more dollars to anyone in El Salvador (or in Kansas).
         | 
         | But the problem for El Salvador is not the technology of
         | monetary systems, it is that El Salvador has an underground
         | economy that prevents it from collecting taxes or having a
         | working credit system. If all your dealings are under the
         | table, you have nothing to show a loan officer. If you don't
         | want to store your savings in a bank but want to instantly
         | withdraw them and store them in a foreign bank or under your
         | mattress, then you are not going to be able to get much in bank
         | loans in your own currency. None of that will be solved or even
         | improved with bitcoin. Proving once again that bitcoin is a
         | solution in search of problem, even in the arena of El
         | Salvador's monetary woes.
        
           | pocoloco wrote:
           | > But the problem for El Salvador is not the technology of
           | monetary systems
           | 
           | I do believe that the monetary system IS the problem since El
           | Salvador is dollarized and is subject to a foreign central
           | bank antics while having no say in the matter. Having their
           | own would be marginally better perhaps but IMO bitcoin is a
           | much better solution.
        
         | fnord123 wrote:
         | > Mandating BTC as legal tender is an awesome move. To me the
         | most important benefit is that the 70% of the population which
         | was excluded from banking and relegated to use physical
         | currency will now be included. If the economy is an engine and
         | money is the oil, El Salvador, which had only some drops of
         | oil, will now get a complete oil change with synthetic on top
         | of that.
         | 
         | You are 100% incorrect. Bitcoin is wildly deflationary.
         | Therefore it does not encourage an economy to function, it
         | encourages people to hold onto it with white knuckles. It's not
         | oil for the economy, it's sand.
         | 
         | > This means that the government now has to provide
         | connectivity to all citizens and teach them.
         | 
         | And when they don't provide connectivity and teach citizens?
        
           | rawtxapp wrote:
           | > You are 100% incorrect. Bitcoin is wildly deflationary.
           | Therefore it does not encourage an economy to function, it
           | encourages people to hold onto it with white knuckles. It's
           | not oil for the economy, it's sand.
           | 
           | In my opinion, that's the biggest lie that people have been
           | made to believe to justify constant stealing of their
           | purchasing power over time.
           | 
           | People will always spend money for things they need, they
           | will also spend money for things they want, our current
           | system is forcing them to spend it for the sake of spending
           | it causing unnecessary over-consumerism.
           | 
           | It doesn't matter how much Bitcoin price will appreciate in 5
           | years. If I need to eat, I'll have to spend _today_ , if I
           | want to buy a house, I'll have to spend too. Instead, I will
           | think twice on upgrading to the shiny new iPhone every year,
           | maybe doing it once every 2-3 years, which is a _good thing_.
        
             | reader_mode wrote:
             | Yeah that's all fine and dandy until you need to take out a
             | loan and on top of high interest you also need to account
             | for deflation - good luck getting a house mortgage and
             | falling wages. Deflation puta pressure on price of work as
             | well - but people don't like pay cuts.
        
               | maneesh wrote:
               | When you're one of the 70% of people who are unbanked in
               | el salvador, there are no needs for loans or interest --
               | the concept barely exists.
        
               | technotony wrote:
               | It's very counterintuitive, but actually the more
               | unbanked you are the more you needs loans/savings and the
               | more complicated your personal financial balance sheet
               | is. I'd recommend the book 'the poor and their money'[1]
               | for the details on this, but essentially if you haven't
               | got savings you are constantly borrowing and lending
               | informally with your community to meet life needs like a
               | new roof or school fees.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.amazon.com/Their-Money-Oxford-India-
               | Paperbacks/d...
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | You know what happens then? House prices will fall
               | because they won't have access to cheap money, so they'll
               | end up being priced at their true value. Housing would
               | stop being an investment, instead it would serve it's
               | true purpose of providing lodging.
        
               | reader_mode wrote:
               | So you're going to end up paying more in real terms
               | (since deflation), for a house that's going to be worth
               | less, you're making less and you have to pay interest.
               | Sounds like an amazing deal, would vote for bitcoin
               | tomorrow !
        
             | willmadden wrote:
             | Correct. Keynesian economics is a fraud we're taught to
             | disguise the fact that we're being robbed. You don't need
             | an inflationary currency for a currency to work. Gold and
             | silver worked just fine for thousands of years, and only
             | ran into problems when corrupt governments and banks
             | printed more paper receipts than they had reserves. Central
             | banking just legalized this practice for private profit,
             | and then the peg to gold and silver was eliminated once
             | they had monopoly control.
        
             | NicoJuicy wrote:
             | Euh... HODL ? :)
             | 
             | I mean, it's literally the #1 meme for cryptocurrency.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | I mean, of course hodl, but not at the cost of dying of
               | starvation or missing out on having your dream home, etc.
               | Bitcoin subreddit is full of stories of people buying
               | their first homes or cars, I've seen many people start
               | their small businesses with their gains.
               | 
               | Life is short, you enjoy/spend what you have while you're
               | here.
        
               | ethanbond wrote:
               | But currency needs to move in order to be, you know, a
               | currency. The lack of upward price movement of e.g. the
               | US dollar means that there is no advantage to sitting on
               | it. Invest it, spend it, or lose it.
               | 
               | Inversely, with BTC, you would want to spend as little as
               | humanly possible. Make whatever philosophical arguments
               | you want: this is not adding oil to the engine. This is
               | adding sand.
        
               | emptysongglass wrote:
               | > Inversely, with BTC, you would want to spend as little
               | as humanly possible.
               | 
               | Sign me up. Hyper-consumerism has laid waste to our
               | planet, commoditized every human interaction, and
               | polluted our minds with its drivel.
               | 
               | Behold Denmark and its glorious decision to punish its
               | citizenry for saving any amount of money at all. Hope you
               | weren't thinking of saving your pennies for a ticket out
               | of the renter's racket, Denmark would prefer you stuff it
               | in stocks and pay them their cut.
               | 
               | It's time we seized control of the engine and refashioned
               | it into a tool that serves our welfare.
        
             | GhostVII wrote:
             | It also encourages them to invest their money. The choice
             | isn't either spend money on over-consumerism or lose it,
             | the choice is either spend it or invest it so someone else
             | can allocate more resources to what they are doing.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | For sure, but then you have to understand and research
               | what you're investing in. We also end up with sky high
               | (in my opinion unjustified) P/E ratios just because money
               | doesn't have elsewhere to go and it creates all kinds of
               | wild inaccurate pricing imo.
               | 
               | In this world where the currency doesn't depreciate like
               | ~95% over a 100 year period, only investments which make
               | sense will get money thrown at them.
        
               | jollybean wrote:
               | This is not about incentives to spend or invest - it's
               | about having a functioning basic unit of economic measure
               | that is 1) stable 2) has integrity and 3) hopefully under
               | the control over the government.
               | 
               | BTC isn't good for any of that.
               | 
               | USD is good for 1 and 2.
               | 
               | The gov. can move to re-establish it's currency and have
               | 3 as well.
        
               | beckingz wrote:
               | Looks like USD may be losing qualities 1 or 2 depending
               | on how you define stability or integrity.
        
             | pocoloco wrote:
             | Yes, and this is exactly what Jeff Booth explains in this
             | podcast way better that I ever could:
             | 
             | How Inflation Is Stealing Your Wealth | Jeff Booth | Pomp
             | Podcast #572 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuCqFjU9Wi4
        
             | Growling_owl wrote:
             | > People will always spend money for things they need, they
             | will also spend money for things they want, our current
             | system is forcing them to spend it for the sake of spending
             | it causing unnecessary over-consumerism.
             | 
             | The worrying aspect is that the one thing that people want
             | more than anything is to be the most rich and relevant
             | person in a given area, hence the inflationary system to
             | avoid people hoarding in order to reach this goal of
             | theirs.
             | 
             | If you transition to an deflationary system and people fall
             | in love with it....well there is a whole lot of room to go
             | on the downside.
             | 
             | First people start giving up vacations, then dinners, then
             | cars, that Netflix subscription, then the smartphone
             | purchase, then the app purchase.. all in the name of
             | hoarding.
             | 
             | Pretty soon the entire economy becomes a giant game of
             | mental posturing to see who can go the distance without
             | spending.
             | 
             | Paradoxically in this scenario the most rational thing to
             | do is to spend like there is no tomorrow because society
             | would be headed into chaos, so when the fecal matter hits
             | the fan , at least you'll have good memories
        
           | Empact wrote:
           | Is it really so difficult to imagine a world where people
           | spent less conspicuously, and invested more prudently?
           | 
           | In a sound currency world, interest rates are set by the
           | relative availability of funds for investment - that is, they
           | are counter-cyclically market-determined: if there is little
           | investment, rates will be low, if the economy is booming,
           | rates will naturally rise.
           | 
           | Secondly, the rate of deflation is determined by the rate of
           | increase in the economy: if the economy is shrinking over
           | time, there is no deflationary incentive to hold - so here
           | again the currency is counter-cyclical, discouraging rapid
           | growth while allowing for measured growth.
           | 
           | Is that sand? Or sanity?
        
           | jerry1979 wrote:
           | People in El Salvador will simply have the free choice to put
           | their money into BTC. If people in El Salvador make or lose a
           | bit of money because they diversify their exposure, will they
           | not have contributed to the overall price signal process of
           | the free market? Why is it bad to give people options?
        
             | clpm4j wrote:
             | I wonder what percentage of people in El Salvador have
             | enough money to "put into BTC". Wouldn't most of the poor
             | population be living essentially hand to mouth and spending
             | their meager amount of money on daily food and shelter?
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | Yep, impoverished people can't acquire BTC to begin with.
               | This doesn't help at all.
        
               | season2episode3 wrote:
               | On the question of principles vs practicals... the
               | principles sound great and all. I also appreciate that
               | this takes advantage of the large number of mobile
               | devices already out there, and encourages the development
               | of rural internet.
               | 
               | But, I predict that the practicals are not going to be
               | good. Bitcoin transaction fees are high. If anything,
               | this is a gift to large criminal organizations with a
               | large footprint in the country which will be far more
               | able to make use of their BTC. The law enforcement arm of
               | this will not be ready or able to deal with it.
               | 
               | There is a role for cryptocurrency in helping the
               | underserved gain access to banking. This plan does not
               | sound like the right one to me.
        
           | ItsMonkk wrote:
           | > Bitcoin is wildly deflationary. Therefore it does not
           | encourage an economy to function
           | 
           | With the rapid increase of the Money Supply of the USD, this
           | is no different than any other Asset, especially Buyback
           | driven stocks(where the supply diminishes over time!). To
           | store value you also need to hold onto them with white
           | knuckles. It also does not encourage an economy to function,
           | hence why our GDP growth has slowed to a halt.
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
           | > You are 100% incorrect. Bitcoin is wildly deflationary.
           | Therefore it does not encourage an economy to function
           | 
           | That a widely, blindly believed economist mantra without much
           | basis.
           | 
           | People now don't want to spend money even at the time when
           | interest rates are near negative.
           | 
           | The few countries still with relatively high rates, and
           | credible economy are the ones which register growth.
        
       | dadoge wrote:
       | Remittances, things like wire transfers, account for 22% of their
       | GDP.
       | 
       | Bitcoin will give that money back to the people with the way
       | lower cost of transfers, esp through the Lightning Network that
       | is planned to be widely used.
       | 
       | Elizabeth Stark boldly said 7 yrs ago and Bitcoin is like TCP and
       | needs an http, and then built Lightning on top of Bitcoin and
       | this is super exciting to see.
       | 
       | EDIT: removed "fees", it's just remittance based
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | People in the US sending USDs to El Salvador would be much more
         | efficient than any other scheme.
        
         | gjulianm wrote:
         | If I'm not mistaken, that 22% is not fees, but the actual wire
         | transfers from people abroad [1,2]. IMHO, it doesn't indicate
         | that transfers are too expensive, but that a lot of people
         | can't find enough work or support in El Salvador and they need
         | to rely on family/friends that emigrated. I don't know how that
         | is going to be solved by Bitcoin.
         | 
         | 1:
         | https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.TRF.PWKR.DT.GD.ZS?lo...
         | 2: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/bop/2005/05-09.pdf
        
           | dadoge wrote:
           | They will literally have more money in their pockets.
           | 
           | Good things happen when people have more money in their
           | pockets - people save more, invest more, build more.
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | Is it actually cheaper to send BTC than it is to wire money
             | directly?
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | I have a sneaking suspicion the folks with "more money in
             | their pockets" from this are most likely to be President
             | Bukele and his friends.
        
               | bogota wrote:
               | This seems to be a more and more common "argument" these
               | days. X is happening and it has benefits for Y but it
               | probably has more benefits for Z who i don't like so its
               | bad.
               | 
               | Additionally ill ignore your point completely and only
               | address Z now.
        
               | dadoge wrote:
               | PayPal charges in to 10% for transfers of USD to Eur in
               | Spain.
               | 
               | Check you financia privilege before making comments like
               | that
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Why would you use PayPal for remittances?
        
               | dadoge wrote:
               | Just one example, PayPal is also for peer-2-peer
               | transfers
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | The World Bank provides a table of remittance fees to El
               | Salvador.
               | 
               | https://remittanceprices.worldbank.org/en/corridor/United
               | -St...
               | 
               | MoneyGram is _free_ if you do it to a bank account.
               | https://imgur.com/a/6B5G2ax
        
               | kerng wrote:
               | Bitcoin gives them a free bank account. A bank account
               | most can't have or afford.
        
               | dadoge wrote:
               | Too bad 70% of the population does not have a bank acct
               | there
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | That sounds like an easier problem to solve than tapping
               | a volcano to mine Bitcoin.
               | 
               | Perhaps the President should focus on _that_?
        
               | pietrovismara wrote:
               | > Perhaps the President should focus on that?
               | 
               | If his actual goal was to improve people's lives,
               | perhaps...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | defgeneric wrote:
               | No, it's a growth-oriented move designed to attract
               | capital to the country.
        
               | garydevenay wrote:
               | > the folks with "more money in their pockets"
               | 
               | I would argue that the population who can now operate and
               | opt-out of a USD system where their money is being
               | debased by 20%+ in the last year by a foreign government
               | will be quite a bit better off.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > opt-out of a USD system where their money is being
               | debased by 20%+ in the last year
               | 
               | You know Bitcoin has taken a 40% tumble in the last
               | _month_ , right?
        
               | garydevenay wrote:
               | Valuation and debasement are two very very different
               | things with very different effects.
               | 
               | The US created 20% of all the dollars that have ever been
               | created, ever- last year. This is infinitely more harmful
               | than a reduction in price compared to another currency.
        
             | gjulianm wrote:
             | > They will literally have more money in their pockets.
             | 
             | That's a big if. Bitcoin transfer fees might be cheaper,
             | but you need to add the cost of converting dollars to
             | bitcoin, plus the volatility of the coin, plus any fees
             | from intermediaries and Lightning nodes.
             | 
             | > Good things happen when people have more money in their
             | pockets
             | 
             | High amount of remittances are not a cause, but a symptom
             | of underlying problems. Would you be as cavalier about the
             | effects of this on ES economy if it was, say, Western Union
             | saying they'd reduce 10% their transfer fees?
             | 
             | It's always the same thing with Bitcoin, apparently it's
             | such a great technology that it can change anything despite
             | the fact that the only "new" thing it can do is to be
             | decentralized. Somehow the argument always ends up being
             | that decreased transfer fees will revolutionize everything
             | (despite the fact that transfer fees might not be lower,
             | and that we've had continuously decreasing transfer fees
             | for years and yet that didn't seem to bring any
             | revolution).
        
               | dadoge wrote:
               | Sooo... do you think it's better to have higher transfer
               | fees?
               | 
               | Seems like a no-brainer win though? Even if it doesn't
               | revolutionize the country
        
               | gjulianm wrote:
               | Obviously I prefer lower fees. But integrating Bitcoin is
               | not a guarantee that actual, practical fees will be
               | lower. Given the risks of adopting Bitcoin (volatility,
               | fixed economic policy, complexity, difficulty of use), I
               | think potential benefits must be higher than "we maybe
               | get lower transfer fees, or not".
        
               | danso wrote:
               | Your original comment claimed that El Salvador spends 22%
               | of its GDP on transfer fees. You've since corrected it to
               | say that the 22% estimate is for the remittances
               | themselves. So why are you acting as if "higher transfer
               | fees" is an accepted premise?
        
               | TomSwirly wrote:
               | > Sooo... do you think it's better to have higher
               | transfer fees?
               | 
               | So many conversations with Bitcoin advocates involve them
               | putting ridiculous statements into the mouths of others.
               | 
               | No one said that or anything like it.
        
         | dougk16 wrote:
         | Good analogy with http. But keep going. After http people
         | realized the importance of https. Sending credit card numbers
         | and passwords in cleartext over the Internet was clearly a bad
         | idea. So what is https in this analogy? Monero, PirateChain,
         | Aeon, Wownero are the major contenders.
        
           | Tenoke wrote:
           | Monero yes, the other 3 do not seem like all that serious
           | contenders. LTC with mimblewimble would be a way better
           | example.
           | 
           | Of smaller ones, SCRT which is a whole privacy-focused
           | smartchain would be my other pick.
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | I've never heard smartchain before, that's terrific
             | marketing, I bet it's gonna fool a ton of people.
        
         | ArkanExplorer wrote:
         | Your Abuela isn't going to be able to take her .05 Btc down to
         | the local Bodega and buy groceries.
         | 
         | El Salvador already uses the US Dollar as its official
         | currency. A migrant worker in the USA is going to face a lot
         | _more_ fees, scams, and difficulty to buy and send BTC than
         | just wiring the same currency he earns to to a relative who can
         | then spend in the same currency.
         | 
         | This Bitcoin thing is a marketing ploy from the corrupt
         | Salvadoran president, and an attempt to get a few crypto whales
         | to move to the country and cash out, and buy real estate.
        
           | dadoge wrote:
           | A lot more fees
           | 
           | That couldn't be more wrong.
           | 
           | Look into The Lightning Network
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | Are you familiar with transfer fees for remittances? I sent
         | $1000 to a friend in Ecuador and paid $1014 total. Will the
         | transfer fees be below 1.4%?
        
       | helaoban wrote:
       | Can we all take a moment and appreciate this headline.
        
         | silentsea90 wrote:
         | Glorious! We're living in a super cool sci fi storyline.
        
       | kasperni wrote:
       | Every day, this is getting more and more ridiculous.
        
         | atatatat wrote:
         | This is an incredible power move, have to applaud the audacity.
         | 
         | US-protected elections in 3...2...
        
         | fasteo wrote:
         | Tagging it as "ridiculous" calls for a minimal clarification
        
           | xwolfi wrote:
           | Like maybe there are more pressing problems than making
           | bitcoin with this electricity supply. I dont know but it
           | feels wasted on a fad.
        
             | celticninja wrote:
             | You live in a country with a functional banking industry
             | open to almost everyone and a function currency run by your
             | government. You have no frame of reference in which to
             | understand how things work in El Salvador. 70% of people
             | don't have a bank account, the official currency is that of
             | another country. A major source of their GDP is money sent
             | back to El Salvador from people workit abroad. Just because
             | it doesn't seem like a pressing problem to you, does not
             | mean it isn't a pressing problem for some people.
        
             | bogota wrote:
             | They are doing it to make money how is making money a fad?
             | The reality of living in a poor nation like this is that
             | unless they take a gamble they will most likely continue
             | with the same level of violence and poverty. Its very easy
             | to look down on people from an ivory tower though and call
             | it a waste.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | > They are doing it to make money
               | 
               | In no scenario does "they" refer to El Salvador's poor
               | population, especially not the indigenous peoples. The
               | money will go to the colonizing foreign investors and
               | circulate in things like CDOs. A few crumbs that fall off
               | the table will go to improving the lives of the upper end
               | of El Salvador's people, and incidentally some crumbs of
               | the crumbs might fall down to the rest of the population.
               | Trickle down, eh?
        
               | bogota wrote:
               | You defeated your own argument :) I'm referring to the
               | whole nation as poor which it is. Poor people rarely
               | benefit from any government economic policies but in
               | order to have them the government needs to be in a place
               | to offer them to start with.
               | 
               | There's some other points to be argued such as people now
               | are holding an asset that is volatile but deflationary in
               | nature by default and they have the option to convert and
               | hold a currency which will lose value over time (USD).
               | I'm not saying "bitcoin is going to save them" but its at
               | least a novel approach that i think is worth exploring
               | for countries in this position.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | Some crumbs of the crumbs doesn't invalidate my argument,
               | it just demonstrates rising inequality: in other words,
               | the benefits will disproportionately accrue to the wealth
               | foreign investors.
        
               | danlugo92 wrote:
               | Whats the alternative, no crumbs? Lol
        
             | sklearncowboy wrote:
             | I think this is a real problem in the West.
             | 
             | Consider how much brain power and resources have been spent
             | on quant finance and crypto now in the past 20 years.
             | 
             | Imagine if all those resources had been spent on something
             | more productive.
        
         | garydevenay wrote:
         | This is undoubtably a bold move by El Salvador, but I think
         | dismissing it at "ridiculous" isn't very productive.
        
       | kragen wrote:
       | I wrote a couple of comments yesterday exploring the
       | environmental questions related to Bitcoin in depth:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27450417
       | 
       | The short summary is that the environmental effect of Bitcoin
       | mining is very small at present (12 GW consumption out of the
       | world's 18 TW), but probably positive, because it slightly
       | accelerates the renewable transition. But this could change.
        
         | jerry1979 wrote:
         | I read through your answers in that thread and really enjoyed
         | them. Thank you for taking the time to do that work. Have you
         | considered consolidating those ideas into a blog post or
         | similar? It sounds like you have some expertise in this area or
         | maybe just like to research. Either way, I think others would
         | really enjoy having access to your seemingly well thought out
         | analysis in a place that isn't the HN comment section.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | Thanks! Yeah, I've been thinking about that, especially
           | because of the profoundly unrewarding nature of that
           | conversation. A number of my previous HN comments are in
           | Dercuano, Derctuo, and Dernocua, though those mostly consist
           | of things other than HN comments, and some of the HN comments
           | they contain are pretty embarrassing.
           | 
           | Generally I feel like the HN comments section is pretty
           | aggressive and conformist, and there's a lot of people
           | trolling. The social dynamic rewards rapid reaction,
           | trolling, and conforming to the popular opinion (and
           | especially cheering for it and denouncing those who disagree
           | with it), and punishes the kind of careful investigation and
           | thoughtful conversation that I value. I think it brings out
           | the worst in me.
           | 
           | http://canonical.org/~kragen/dercuano
           | 
           | http://canonical.org/~kragen/derctuo
           | 
           | http://canonical.org/~kragen/dernocua.git
        
       | lucasnortj wrote:
       | Looks like El Salvador is on a mission to make itself the world's
       | fool. crypto "currencies" have no use case except for gamblers,
       | stop wasting everyone's time. There is literally nothing more
       | useless that this electricity could be used for
        
       | enchiridion wrote:
       | So, I'm going to choose to be an optimist when it comes to crypto
       | energy consumption.
       | 
       | There has literally never been a more direct reward for efficient
       | energy production.
        
         | JamilD wrote:
         | Why is this a more direct reward than generating energy to
         | sell?
         | 
         | In mining, revenue = efficiency * potential energy * BTC per
         | unit produced energy
         | 
         | In selling energy, revenue = efficiency * potential energy *
         | USD per unit produced energy
         | 
         | I don't see the difference, other than the fact the former just
         | adds to the pool of required energy (it's strictly additive to
         | the energy produced by the second)
        
           | ajkdhcb2 wrote:
           | Transporting power is extremely expensive and infeasible over
           | large distances. So power needs to be generated near industry
           | or homes. However, cryptocurrency can be mined anywhere and
           | then sold.
        
         | xwolfi wrote:
         | But it s like there's ONLY the reward. You imagine if there was
         | a way to make gold with electricity? We d live in the dark just
         | to get more of it...
        
           | enchiridion wrote:
           | Well, not exactly. There is the utility of enabling the
           | chain.
           | 
           | And there is nothing stopping us from extracting gold using
           | electricity. It's in basically all soil and sea water. Sure
           | there are some required materials, but I'd water a guess that
           | those materials are no harder to obtain than GPUs.
           | 
           | The only thing that stops this reckless mining are the forces
           | of the market, and the same is true with crypto. Crypto
           | miners tend to be extremely frugal, and I doubt any are any
           | who are doing unprofitable mining in expectation of crypto
           | going up.
           | 
           | Now from a crypto maximalist perspective, which I don't
           | necessarily hold, isn't the cost of the electricity worth
           | having a decentralized currency which enables all sort of
           | different markets?
           | 
           | Crypto is always held up as wasteful in terms of energy, but
           | I'd be curious to see the energy cost in comparison to
           | current payment processing systems.
        
             | kemotep wrote:
             | If anyone is interested, Visa reports that their payments
             | network (and supporting infrastructure) uses 740,000
             | Gigajoules[0] in a year.
             | 
             | Can't quite find a one for one measurement for Bitcoin, but
             | due note this is the energy needs of all of Visa's
             | operations and they process in excess 100 billion
             | transactions a year and Bitcoin (in 2020) averaged around
             | 300,000 transactions a day[1].
             | 
             | If interested there is this[2] digiconomist article with
             | more numbers (no clue as to the veracity of them).
             | 
             | [0]: https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/download/corporate-
             | responsibil.... [1]:
             | https://www.blockchain.com/charts/n-transactions [2]:
             | https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption/
        
               | enchiridion wrote:
               | So let's do the rough math and figure out the comparison
               | 
               | 300k per day is around 100 million transactions per year,
               | three orders of magnitude less than Visa.
               | 
               | BTC uses 110 terawatt hours per year right now[0], which
               | is 396,000,000 gigajoules, a three order of magnitude
               | difference in the other direction. Assuming everything
               | scales nicely, if Bitcoin were the size of visa it would
               | use ~6 orders of magnitude more energy.
               | 
               | OK, so that is way worse than I thought. I'm still not
               | sold on the idea that it's a bad thing, but it's nice to
               | put numbers to the situation.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.google.com/amp/s/hbr.org/amp/2021/05/how-
               | much-en...
        
         | pyrale wrote:
         | > There has literally never been a more direct reward for
         | efficient energy production.
         | 
         | Yeah, too bad this happens not long after we discovered that
         | energy production creates massive issues with regards to our
         | future on this planet.
        
         | sanderjd wrote:
         | It's a direct reward for _energy production_ , which has always
         | been well rewarded. There is no reason to think PoW mining in
         | any way rewards _efficient_ energy production more so than any
         | other use of energy.
        
         | acjohnson55 wrote:
         | It's actually a complete waste. All it produces is more
         | security for the blockchain, which is of low marginal value.
         | They could use that energy to produce something of actual
         | value, like hydroponic food, or desalinated water, or run a
         | data center, or literally anything else.
        
           | wcfields wrote:
           | Aluminum smelting and concrete production both take an
           | immense amount of energy.
        
           | bogota wrote:
           | Bitcoin has value that they can spend on doing all of this.
           | You are falsely saying the only value it provides is
           | blockchain security when im sure that isn't even a reason
           | they thought about when doing this. Its to produced more
           | money for the government and hopefully that translates to
           | better public infrastructure.
        
             | nitrogen wrote:
             | _Bitcoin has value that they can spend on doing all of
             | this._
             | 
             | Money doesn't directly convert into food. Someone still has
             | to consume the energy to actually make things. By using
             | energy to mine bitcoin to buy food, one is potentially
             | doubling energy consumed.
        
           | randomhodler84 wrote:
           | I'm sorry you don't see that it has value. It has value to
           | me. In fact, I need a secure, permissionless, censorship
           | resistant, non-state backed value storage system more than I
           | need hydroponic food or desalinated water. The problem is the
           | disconnect between your wants/needs and the needs of others
           | in the world. Waste is entirely in the eye of the beholder.
        
             | bootlooped wrote:
             | I don't think want vs need is as subjective as you say.
             | 
             | I could assert that I need a Maserati and no other vehicle
             | will fit my requirements, and it would be pretty easy for
             | others to counter that either my supposed need is really a
             | want, or the requirements are arbitrary and unnecessary.
             | 
             | Likewise I think your needs regarding crypto are more of a
             | want. What would be the consequence if you didn't get that?
             | Would you die? Would your quality of life significantly
             | decrease? How did you live most of your life already
             | without Bitcoin?
        
               | randomhodler84 wrote:
               | Life without bitcoin: one can watch as the value in the
               | output of ones labor encoded in fiat decreases over time,
               | punishing saving and devaluating our lives work; or One
               | can opt-out of this and store it in something that does
               | not, and rewards saving. It also has the benefit of
               | security, integrity, audit ability, censorship
               | resistance, transferable over arbitrary communication
               | channels, etc. Most folks live paycheck to paycheck, and
               | so don't feel savings inflation and the cruelty that this
               | implies.
               | 
               | This has been invented. If it didn't exist now for some
               | reason, it would significantly decrease quality of life
               | -- I would be powerless to watch my saving erode into
               | nothing. I would be powerless when the state decided it
               | wanted to adjust interest rates to be negative (again,
               | attacking saving). I would be powerless when any state
               | decided that another state should be disconnected from
               | the legacy financial networks. I would be powerless when
               | they payment card networks started enforcing morality de
               | jour. It would be like being arrested - some liberty
               | taken from the individual and make them beholden to the
               | state.
               | 
               | They call it being "orange pilled". Once you get it,
               | there is no other option to avoid growing poor slowly.
        
             | acjohnson55 wrote:
             | There are now other cryptocurrencies that provide that
             | without wasteful proof of work.
        
               | randomhodler84 wrote:
               | Ok, hold up. Energy usage is a good thing and provides
               | security, actually. You can't ditch the energy and retain
               | security. I'm sorry, but PoS is a bad and the wrong model
               | for censorship resistant, non-state stores of value.
        
               | acjohnson55 wrote:
               | That's simply not true. Proof of work is nothing but an
               | extremely expensive to randomly select the entity that
               | gets to finalize the next block. The system leaks value
               | like a sieve. Either the miners have to be compensated by
               | printing money, or by the transaction fees of a system
               | that has a hard practical and ideological limits on its
               | transaction capacity.
               | 
               | Avalanche already provides a compelling and less wasteful
               | alternative, and it might not even be the last word.
               | 
               | This idea that Bitcoin got it all just right has become a
               | quasi-religious belief, fueled by the motivated reasoning
               | of monetary interest and ideological fantasy.
        
             | JamilD wrote:
             | Are the benefits of proof of work worth the additional cost
             | over other consensus algorithms, to you?
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | PoW keeps things fair, you have to spend money on
               | hardware and energy or become irrelevant.
               | 
               | In other consensus systems like PoS, whoever has the most
               | capital controls pretty much everything and has 0
               | incentive to sell what they get since they aren't really
               | spending any energy for their cryptographic signature.
               | 
               | It literally says "rich gets richer" in the protocol
               | which is fundamentally broken in my humble opinion.
        
               | JamilD wrote:
               | Compute power requires money though, no? Whoever has the
               | most capital now controls the BTC blockchain, which
               | happens to be mostly miners in China. It's a lot easier
               | for me to stake ETH than to buy hundreds of GPUs.
               | 
               | And my reward is linear with how much I stake or put
               | down, whereas with economies of scale in mining the
               | reward is more like quadratic. Seems to me that with PoS
               | the rich get richer linearly, with PoW the rich get
               | richer ~quadratically.
               | 
               | If I spend 0.01% of what the Chinese miners spend on my
               | mining setup, I'm not getting 0.01% of the rewards.
        
               | rawtxapp wrote:
               | The thing is, let's say you spend 100M$ on mining
               | equipment today, that equipment is worth a lot less in a
               | year from now and is worth practically nothing in 5+
               | years, so you can't just sit on it, you have to keep
               | spending. Likewise with electricity, it's not free, you
               | have to source it and spend money on it.
               | 
               | So whatever Bitcoin reward you get barely covers your
               | running cost + small profit margin. Imagine like you're
               | running from a monster, you can't stop or you'll become
               | irrelevant.
               | 
               | Whereas with ETH, I can buy 100M$ worth of it, I'll get
               | say 5% back which means I'm making 5M$ every year, thing
               | is I don't have any pressure to sell it whereas the
               | poorer stakers will have to sell to cover their cost of
               | living or other reasons, so over time the % of my stake
               | in eth grows. Things get even worse when you include
               | custodians into the mix, exchanges will have much larger
               | wallets and get much larger rewards which they may not
               | share with the actual holders or keep a small % for
               | themselves.
        
               | jerry1979 wrote:
               | The other consensus algorithms all follow the same
               | consolidation logic of capitalism. Specifically, power
               | consolidates year after year similar to banks, media
               | companies, communication companies, etc. It looks to me
               | like the PoS systems algorithmically codify this logic,
               | and since the consolidation exists digitally, I would
               | have a hard time coming up with a plan to break up the
               | PoS oligopolies. The reason why the digital consolidation
               | hurts people in the PoS system comes form the fact that
               | consolidation of money in PoS directly relates to
               | consolidation of actual voting power in those systems.
               | 
               | PoW on the other hand will lead to consolidation around
               | inexpensive energy: volcanoes in El Salvador, hydro in
               | some northern countries, solar somewhere else, etc.
               | However, those places will have some abstract voting
               | power in the Bitcoin world, but exchanges, people, node
               | operators, and businesses also have abstract voting power
               | to balance against the cheap energy locations.
               | 
               | I should mention that the upside of all of this is that
               | we can now choose the option to have accessible digital
               | banking around the world, and people who print money will
               | have less of an impact on world affairs.
        
               | megameter wrote:
               | I've gradually come around to the side of PoW being
               | important as layer 1, because it's as close as we're
               | likely to get to Lockean labor theory of property being
               | directly manifest rather than built on a legal-deeds-and-
               | titles national framework, and that has an immediate
               | effect of building trust out of speculative value. PoW
               | can be made more efficient along some axes, but not all
               | of them. As such it puts every economy in a Red Queen's
               | race to do things with available energy and computing
               | power that are of more value than speculation.
               | 
               | However, PoS has an important role as the layer for
               | specific applications and markets, since it acts more
               | like central banking with the tradeoffs of such.
        
               | randomhodler84 wrote:
               | You got it. PoW is critical for layer 1. Ongoing capital
               | expenditure requirement is critical to prevent ancestral
               | oligarchies. One cannot retain censorship resistance or
               | decentralization with oligarchies.
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | Honestly, why do you need BTC? You can't actually buy a
             | whole lot with it, and you gotta convert to real currencies
             | do anything meaningful anyway, which defeats the whole
             | argument.
        
               | randomhodler84 wrote:
               | A) Ensuring the time-value of my labor is not eroded by
               | the state through inflation. Yes, there are day to day
               | risks of fluctuations in value, but one just needs to
               | compare the trend line of where BTC is going vs fiat
               | currencies in the longer term. I'm not worried about 50%
               | draw downs on an asset that appreciates > 100% pa.
               | 
               | B) ensuring that third parties like banks are unable to
               | steal my funds. Through fees, charges, unauthorized
               | transfers or just plain theft...
               | 
               | C) portability of funds around the globe, independent of
               | foreign or domestic currency. Ever tried to wire funds
               | globally on a weekend? Trade?
               | 
               | You are still looking at bitcoin like it's a dollar bill.
               | It's not -- it's digital gold with more computational
               | security than any system ever built by humanity.
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | A: Bitcoin has inflated 40% in value in the last month.
               | 
               | B: This is probably the strongest argument for Bitcoin
               | and the original vision.
               | 
               | C: Sending BTC is immediate but since you can't really
               | use BTC to buy much (yet) you still need to sell and wait
               | for funds to clear, which takes about as long as just
               | wiring money.
        
               | zoomgyal wrote:
               | When OP talks about "inflation" they're talking about the
               | amount of money entering the money supply. Bitcoin didnt
               | "inflate" even though it got more expensive. The price
               | did, not the supply. The supply of BTC is algorithmically
               | programmed and there will only ever be 21 million
               | produced. You can't print more Bitcoin at will but a
               | government can print their fiat currency, for better or
               | worse.
        
           | wyager wrote:
           | Bitcoin subsidizes the creation of constant-output power
           | sources (geothermal, nuclear) which are not usually
           | economical for highly variable consumer/industrial power
           | usage. Long-term, these sources will probably power the grid
           | during peak hours and power Bitcoin hardware during off-peak.
        
             | bootlooped wrote:
             | It also subsidizes the use of dirty power sources. The
             | greenwashing of Proof of Work cryptocurrencies is insane.
             | It's using the same amount of electricity as Argentina.
             | 
             | https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkby7z/a-fossil-fuel-
             | power-p...
        
               | Dma54rhs wrote:
               | PC gaming alone uses the same amount, there are many
               | useless activities (well the both provide entertainment)
               | that could be stopped if you want lower energy usage for
               | the world. Ban gaming and obviously ban fashions since
               | that is close to catastrophic catastrophe regarding
               | greenhouse gasses.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | Green energy sources are cheaper when you don't have to
               | scale demand hour by hour. The overwhelming majority of
               | Bitcoin power usage is already green and that will only
               | increase.
               | 
               | Claims like "Bitcoin uses more electricity than <some
               | poor country that doesn't use much electricity>." are
               | totally irrelevant. Good. I want humanity to climb the
               | Kardashev scale. If we have an invention that can help
               | fund the creation of billions of watts of efficient
               | energy capacity then that's great!
        
               | bootlooped wrote:
               | > The overwhelming majority of Bitcoin power usage is
               | already green and that will only increase.
               | 
               | Is there any source for this, the first part, that it is
               | currently powered overwhelmingly by green energy?
               | Anything I can find suggests otherwise. And the part of
               | the claim that Bitcoin will use a greater share of green
               | energy in the future is not very meaningful if you expect
               | that is also true of every other industry.
               | 
               | https://theconversation.com/bitcoin-isnt-getting-greener-
               | fou...
               | 
               | https://www.infokreek.com/green-bitcoin-the-impact-and-
               | impor...
               | 
               | https://medium.com/crypto-lucid/enough-with-bitcoins-
               | greenwa...
               | 
               | https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2021/05/bitcoin-
               | mini...
        
           | wmil wrote:
           | Right now there's a chicken and egg problem where cheap power
           | is not near things that need it.
           | 
           | Crypto mining will allow places with cheap power sources to
           | build up energy production. Once that's established it's
           | easier to build up infrastructure for things like data
           | centers.
        
             | bootlooped wrote:
             | I think it's somewhat of a Tragedy of the Commons
             | situation.
             | 
             | Everybody would benefit from power being built in remote
             | places, but nobody wants to be the one to pay to build it
             | there. I'm not seeing why crypto mining is any different
             | though; it's a for-profit endeavor like anything else.
        
           | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
           | Yeah it's a really good point that additional security for
           | the blockchain has low value. Really the total mining reward
           | (txfees + subsidy) should adjust to offer just enough
           | security. We now have the mechanisms in place to do something
           | like that through DAOs, however it seems hopeless to apply
           | that to Bitcoin, they are so resistant towards any change
           | what so ever.
           | 
           | It's wild that it took the bitcoin subsidy less than 2
           | decades to become far too high proportional to it's
           | externalities.
        
         | adrianN wrote:
         | "Efficient" energy production in practice today is energy
         | production that maximizes externalized costs.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | This is true exactly to the degree that landmines reward
         | efficient blood donation.
        
           | enchiridion wrote:
           | I mean it's not a perfect analogy, but I'd be willing to bet
           | a lot of lessons from battlefield medicine has made it's way
           | into civilian trauma care.
        
         | geofft wrote:
         | Yes, but it undermines the point of energy production, because
         | the energy produced is not going to existing consumers of
         | energy, it's going to feed the insatiable-by-design blockchain.
         | 
         | Imagine if there were a cryptocurrency based on proof-of-
         | driving-things-between-cities with a mining reward, and Los
         | Angeles invested in it. There would be an incredible incentive
         | for expanding LA's highway infrastructure, and you'd expect LA
         | to get a lot more highways, to but there would be no positive
         | impact on actual commuters trying to use those highways to get
         | around greater LA, and quite possibly a negative impact,
         | because the more direct incentive is to use whatever highways
         | are there - building more highways is an indirect incentive.
        
           | defgeneric wrote:
           | That analogy would hold if the additional energy produced for
           | bitcoin mining had some negative impact on the existing
           | energy infrastructure. It doesn't. If anything it creates an
           | incentive for making energy production more efficient. The
           | fact that energy is produced and consumed is not bad in
           | itself. The Sun could be said to be "wasting" energy by
           | sending it off into space.
        
             | bootlooped wrote:
             | > If anything it creates an incentive for making energy
             | production more efficient.
             | 
             | How is this different from any other consumer of
             | electricity? Every consumer wants to buy the cheapest
             | electricity, and every producer wants to produce the most
             | of it per energy input.
        
             | geofft wrote:
             | I'm not disputing that it creates an incentive for making
             | energy production more efficient. It does! In the analogy I
             | gave, there's definitely an incentive for building more
             | highways (" _There would be an incredible incentive for
             | expanding LA 's highway infrastructure_") - it's just that
             | this incentive is, at best, completely useless to existing
             | commuters taking the highways.
             | 
             | I'm also not claiming that it's bad for energy to be
             | produced and consumed. It's not! It's just irrelevant if
             | you're looking to consume electricity, and someone else is
             | producing and immediately consuming it. And it's bad for
             | you as a consumer if production goes up and consumption
             | goes up by even more.
             | 
             | I have no idea what your point is about the Sun.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | There has literally never been a more clear and obvious way to
         | waste energy for no reason, something which is happening at
         | scale, during a time of energy crisis.
         | 
         | This has Easter Island written all over it.
         | 
         | 'Hey, let's use all our resources to build Giant Heads! The
         | person with the most heads gets to be the King!'.
        
         | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
         | > There has literally never been a more direct reward for
         | efficient energy production.
         | 
         | Not having to pay for the inefficiency in producing the energy
         | you actually needs seems to be... more direct?
        
       | hulitu wrote:
       | Is this paper a subsidiary of the Onion ?
       | 
       | "100% clean, 100% renewable, 0 emissions energy from our volcano"
       | . So when a volcano is depleted you plant another one ?
        
         | hungryhobo wrote:
         | depleted might be the wrong word, becomes inactive perhaps? I
         | agree with your general assessments though, volcanic activity
         | doesn't seem like a reliable source of energy.
        
         | hvacarchivist wrote:
         | >Volcanos have zero emissions
         | 
         | Volcanos are only emissions.
         | 
         | I would like a one-way ticket to Mars, please.
        
         | drexlspivey wrote:
         | I hate it when volcanos are depleted and I can't mine any more
         | bitcoin
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | If extracting heat from the earth's core isn't sustainable,
         | nothing is.
        
         | dadoge wrote:
         | Do you work for the onion?
         | 
         | You can say the same thing about the sun and solar
        
           | StavrosK wrote:
           | Speak for yourself, this is the third sun I've planted this
           | millennium and you guys need to take it easy with it.
        
       | bluetwo wrote:
       | Write the New York Times headline on this whole affair in five
       | years:
        
       | danbruc wrote:
       | How much money is there to be mined per year? On the order of 10
       | billion dollar? What share of the total hash rate could you
       | realistically buy and power with your volcano? One percent?
       | Probably not ten percent. What would the investment for the
       | hardware be? I have a hard time imagining that you could make a
       | noticeable difference this way even for an economy like
       | Salvador's. And there are probably many better ways to spend
       | money than buying mining ASICs.
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | Mining more bitcoin won't make its market capitalization go up.
        
         | mtalantikite wrote:
         | I think this is only one part of the story for them. If 70% of
         | their country is un-banked, many transactions are probably in
         | cash, and there probably are a lot of undeclared sales and
         | income that is not being taxed.
         | 
         | If they can really get their population using tools that would
         | make it easier for the government to collect taxes, make it
         | easier for tourists to visit and spend money, etc then the
         | mining rewards are only one small part of their plan.
         | 
         | Of course none of this really needs to happen with crypto, they
         | certainly could solve these problems in other ways, but I can't
         | really blame them for trying this out.
        
           | sanderjd wrote:
           | Even if crypto is a good solution for all this, _bitcoin_ is
           | a bad one.
        
             | defgeneric wrote:
             | I understand this argument, but if I had to choose _right
             | now_ which coin would be the best for my country, I would
             | still go with Bitcoin. You don 't get to choose which coin
             | has the most backing, or the most diverse set of players
             | from around the world.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | But those are not important metrics for a legal tender
               | currency. Bitcoin is a fine deflationary asset but a very
               | bad currency.
        
             | charlesdm wrote:
             | Maybe. But it is better than the alternative? It's the
             | quickest solution. Have a look at what happened when
             | Venezuela ended up launching the Petro.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | There are other possibilities between poorly executing a
               | bespoke cryptocurrency and using bitcoin even though it's
               | not a good currency. There are options that already exist
               | which have low volatility, low transaction costs, and
               | don't require injecting more and more energy for
               | security. If those options don't seem mature enough (they
               | do to me, but I dunno, maybe they're not), then a good
               | option would be to wait.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | If taxing and replacing cash transactions were the main
           | goals, they should maybe use GNU Taler instead of bitcoin.
        
         | sanderjd wrote:
         | And if you're going to rig up a volcano for power production,
         | maybe use that power for something useful in your own country.
        
           | deviantfero wrote:
           | Geothermal power in El Salvador represents 25% of the
           | country's total electricity production.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | And that's been rising rapidly.
        
             | sanderjd wrote:
             | Excellent! Seems like they could go further if they have
             | extra to use for asics running hashes.
        
               | deviantfero wrote:
               | there are storage and distribution limitations for
               | producing even more energy, that's why surplus is sold to
               | neighboring countries currently.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | Is it a distribution problem? They can't build enough
               | power cables, or they've already built them over as far
               | an extent as is manageable? I can see how it's easier to
               | just put a big data center on site, but it seems like it
               | would be better to invest differently.
        
       | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
       | From what I've heard about Salvador, investors who plan to mine
       | cryptocurrencies in El Salvador should include an armed to the
       | teeth private army in their projected expenses, or else their
       | mining equipment would soon change owners.
        
         | defgeneric wrote:
         | If you want to opine on a country at least learn its name: "El
         | Salvador".
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | It does not have 'El' in my native language, just Sal'vador.
           | Also, if salvadorians want english speakers to call their
           | country with 'El', they should probably start using 'THE
           | Estados Unidos' and 'THE Gran Bretana'.
        
             | defgeneric wrote:
             | In English the name of the country is "El Salvador".
        
       | graderjs wrote:
       | It just gets better and better.
       | 
       | - ES makes BTC fiat
       | 
       | - ES taps volcanoes to mine BTC
       | 
       | What next?
       | 
       | - ES uses natural wormholes to plot the future timeline and win
       | Earth?
        
         | personlurking wrote:
         | An attempt to answer your "what's next?" question:
         | 
         | "What about you guys floating $1 billion in "Volcano Bonds"
         | (backed by future #BTC mining output) for El Salvador to pay
         | off the IMF loan - so they can tell the IMF to beat it."
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/maxkeiser/status/1403023717429559299
        
           | gjulianm wrote:
           | It's a $1B loan to a country with a low debt rating. It's a
           | risky investment already, and now you add Bitcoin with its
           | price volatility? I don't know how that's a good idea from
           | the investors point of view.
        
             | PretzelPirate wrote:
             | The loan could be specified in BTC and not pegged to an
             | exchange rate. Then as long as long as El Salvador kept
             | mining they'd be able to pay it back with interest. I
             | suspect many BTC holders would be happy to participate in
             | that type of loan.
        
             | oogabooga123 wrote:
             | I would buy some bonds just because of the idea that a
             | nation could be free from international banking debt. Like
             | a charitable donation, almost
        
               | gjulianm wrote:
               | Good luck getting $1B to El Salvador as "almost
               | charitable donations".
               | 
               | Not to mention the effect that trying to sell $1B-worth
               | of Bitcoin could have on the market (even just a portion,
               | Bitcoin is accepted nowhere for so they'd need real
               | currency).
        
               | oogabooga123 wrote:
               | I think the idea is that they would take funding in
               | whatever currency they want, pay off the IMF with
               | whatever currency they want, and then investors would get
               | BTC, which is what they want. No need to sell $1bn worth
               | of BTC.
        
               | gjulianm wrote:
               | That'd solve the "selling Bitcoin" problem but not the
               | one of managing the risk of a US$ loan that is paid back
               | with Bitcoin. I mean, ES could pay you back in time
               | without defaulting and you could find yourself losing
               | quite a bit of money. I think people would be asking for
               | far higher rates in that case.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jMyles wrote:
         | > makes BTC fiat
         | 
         | Did I miss a memo?
         | 
         | Or is this a sort of Freduian slip wherein you said 'fiat' when
         | you meant to say 'official'?
         | 
         | It seems to me that we've been conditioned to conflate the two.
        
           | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
           | If Bitcoin is money, then it is absolutely fiat money and
           | always has been.
           | 
           | The alternatives would be that it is commodity money (which
           | is not the case because you can't use a Bitcoin other than
           | exchange it for something else) or representative money
           | (which is not the case because Bitcoin isn't backed by
           | anything else for which it can exchanged).
           | 
           | Up to this point, it's been a rather degenerate case of fiat
           | money because the agreement that it has value has not been
           | governmentally backed.
           | 
           | But now that's no longer the case. Congrats, Bitcoin, you now
           | absolutely meet all the requirements of fiat money!
        
             | jMyles wrote:
             | By whose fiat can the supply of Bitcoin be inflated?
             | 
             | And are precious metals fiat by the standard you've laid
             | out? Or are they commodities strictly on thin premise that
             | you can use silver as a disinfectant, etc?
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | > _By whose fiat can the supply of Bitcoin be inflated?_
               | 
               | That's not what "fiat" means in this context. Fiat money
               | is simply money that is asserted to be valuable. Control
               | over issuance of money by those who assert the value of
               | money is not an essential element of fiat money.
               | 
               | For example, the US dollar is adopted as the currency of
               | the Republic of Palau, and yet the Republic of Palau has
               | no control over the US dollar. Does that suggest to you
               | that, in Palau, the US dollar is not the fiat currency?
               | 
               | > _And are precious metals fiat by the standard you 've
               | laid out? Or are they commodities strictly on thin
               | premise that you can use silver as a disinfectant, etc?_
               | 
               | Precious metals are not money; they're commodities. No-
               | one thinks they're money. The question "are precious
               | metals fiat?" is meaningless.
        
           | oogabooga123 wrote:
           | That's what "fiat" means. Did you have a Freudian slip
           | wherein you said "fiat" when you meant to say "debt based
           | central bank monetary system"?
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | ES has not "made BTC fiat". It is making it legal tender. All
         | that means is debts can be settled with BTC.
         | 
         | As for "tapping volcanoes" it's a PR exercise - El Salvador is
         | one of the countries in the world with largest geothermal
         | generation capacity.
         | 
         | "Tapping volcanoes" here in effect simply means mining bitcoin
         | with part of their geothermal generating capacity. But "tapping
         | volcanoes" got this a whole lot more attention than it
         | otherwise would.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | A more historically supportable outcome would be a coup by a
         | military junta and/or a civil war.
        
       | lowbloodsugar wrote:
       | (noob here) How does this work from a key security perspective?
       | Can one person just walk off with the country's entire wallet?
       | Does an HSM become the thing in the vault where the gold used to
       | be?
        
       | cartosso wrote:
       | I can't believe people still don't see the obvious issue that PoW
       | has no sense and it's impact gets progressively worse as the
       | market cap of BTC increases. The more adoption BTC will have, the
       | more incentive will powerful entities have to take part in mining
       | (obvious analogy: US dollar, the people who control it have the
       | most power in the global financial system). Also, the more
       | valuable BTC becomes, the more new miners will join in the mining
       | race, since the average payout per kWh spent should stay at a
       | relatively constant % of market cap. Both of this observations
       | lead to the clear conclusion that energy spent on useless hash
       | cracking will continue to increase, which is just plain stupid.
       | Humanity cannot afford to waste energy in such an obviously non-
       | nonsensical way; if you want to keep the crypto train going,
       | fine, but at the very least switch to PoS.
        
         | iabacu wrote:
         | The argument about POW energy is overblown.
         | 
         | There's an exponential decay of rewards of mining BTC (50%
         | every 4 years).
         | 
         | Do you think the price of BTC will increase exponentially,
         | faster than the decay over the long term? I don't think so.
         | 
         | This implies that the energy consumption of bitcoin mining will
         | eventually decay exponentially too.
        
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