[HN Gopher] OpenHistoricalMap
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       OpenHistoricalMap
        
       Author : Tijdreiziger
       Score  : 329 points
       Date   : 2021-06-11 05:40 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.openhistoricalmap.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.openhistoricalmap.org)
        
       | nickik wrote:
       | Oh wow. I am literally slowly working on something like this as
       | well. But my knowledge of mapping technology is very limited.
       | 
       | My focus was actually much more on trying to use partly public
       | data, and partly contributed data in order to 'render'
       | information on top of such a map. My vision was basically to have
       | all historically known people and there locations being visible
       | on the map. Wikidata already has a nice start to this, but you
       | would need a contributor model to flesh this idea out quite a bit
       | more.
       | 
       | Another step after that would be the movement of armies. This
       | could be really interesting if you could see armies moving around
       | at different times and getting closer to each other, or pass each
       | other by.
       | 
       | City population is another interesting thing. There is no easy
       | way today to get a good estimate of what some city X population
       | might have been at any particular period. That information is
       | buried in all all over the place.
       | 
       | There are many more ideas, but having his historical map is
       | actually awesome for me, because that was the part that I know
       | least about. So it should be an amazing piece of the puzzle.
       | 
       | I will defiantly try to contribute to effort.
        
       | MaXtreeM wrote:
       | I am quite bad at history but quickly looking at central Europe
       | this project seems to have some inaccuracies.
       | 
       | - I couldn't find any mention of Prussia [0]
       | 
       | - during years 1920-1938 the borders between Czechoslovakia and
       | Poland are messing so it looks like it is a single country
       | 
       | I am sure anyone can find what is missing/wrong with the history
       | of their country. This is a community project after all so I am
       | not surprised but based on Wayback machine this project started
       | at least 7 years ago.
       | 
       | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia
        
         | r34 wrote:
         | I'm not an expert in history, but I think that Poland should
         | reappear in 1918, but it's missing few more years on the map.
        
         | nivenkos wrote:
         | Huh? I opened it and immediately in the centre was "Konigreich
         | Preussen"
        
           | MaXtreeM wrote:
           | I am sorry, I managed to find it but for some reason it
           | dissapears after year 1818!
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | Portugal - one of the oldest countries in the world -
         | inexplicably not appearing until 1929 is one of the most
         | jarring things
        
         | PaulArchivist wrote:
         | It tends more to be things which haven't been mapped yet rather
         | than inaccuracies as such. Most mappers have concentrated on
         | mapping their local town or city rather than national borders.
         | See Kiev (https://www.openhistoricalmap.org/#map=16/50.4633/30.
         | 5218&la...) and London (https://www.openhistoricalmap.org/#map=
         | 15/51.5163/-0.0900&la...) for example. While the project may
         | have been going a while, it was only last year that the time
         | slider was introduced which made it properly functional as a
         | historical map. At the moment there are still few mappers
         | (including myself) but I get the impression that OHM is now
         | beginning to develop more quickly!
        
       | tda wrote:
       | If this gets enough traction this could make historical maps so
       | much more accessible. Instead of every historian writing their
       | own magnum opus of a particular area and timespan, all the
       | geographical information can be combined in a single system. Is
       | there a system built in for keeping track of annotations/sources?
       | How are debated topics/unresolved locations dealt with?
       | 
       | What if different schools of thought exist for where something
       | was in the past, could multiple hypothesized locations exist for
       | a single object? Direct link with Wikipedia would also be useful
       | 
       | Very nice project, hope it becomes as useful and detailed as the
       | present day OSM
        
         | an_opabinia wrote:
         | There is already a super accessible presentation of history
         | maps: Paradox games like Europa Universalis, Hearts of Iron,
         | etc. The games achieved what you're talking about already,
         | there's already an old, large and very active community of
         | modders across their games that make historical accuracy (or
         | gameplay-favorable inaccuracy) changes. It's possible the mean
         | Europa player, over all the games, individually spent more
         | hours looking and interpreting the historical map in those
         | games than anyone has ever spent looking at any Open Street Map
         | property ever.
         | 
         | If you're thinking about contributing to OSM History maybe
         | consider EU4 instead. Maybe you think these are different
         | things. I don't. One satisfies your curiosity (ie entertains
         | you) a lot better than the other.
         | 
         | Maybe though OSM History could be a place, like Wikipedia,
         | where people could settle "territorial disputes." I don't know,
         | that shit, wherever it appears, is a pretty toxic part of any
         | community. I'm not 100% sure how Europa deals with it - you can
         | download whatever mod you want, after all, it's your game. But
         | my feeling is, most of this territorial dispute shit hardly
         | affects the people talking about it at all, and the feelings of
         | playing a video game and all that entails - positive feelings -
         | are better than the negative ones you feel when you're pursuing
         | what you believe is justice in a Wiki talk page or a Twitter
         | flame war.
        
           | philipov wrote:
           | What API does Paradox offer for getting information out of
           | their historical games?
        
             | openhistmap wrote:
             | I think this is a pretty key question that also applies to
             | any effort by any other commercial provider. The detail in
             | the historical models in EU4, any of Ubisoft's games, etc.,
             | is fantastic. I'd love to see any of them make stripped-
             | down versions of their geodata available through open data
             | licensing. Maybe there's something we've missed in the EU4
             | modding that could be of use? We'll take another look!
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | It would be fun if it had events/battles listed with dates.
        
         | openhistmap wrote:
         | Thanks, @tda!! That's a very kind and optimistic post. I think
         | everyone in the OHM community is working with good intents to
         | create a rich resource available for easy reuse and download.
         | 
         | You hit the nail on the head about trying to combine various
         | different geo/temporal efforts to provide greater context of
         | world history.
         | 
         | Our tagging system is like OSM's - very flexible - with all the
         | strengths and weaknesses that offers. And, the tagging system
         | has limitations that we're currently working through & around.
         | 
         | One strength is that any object (node, way, relation in OSM-
         | speak) can have multiple sources. e.g. source:1=url1,
         | source:2=url2, etc.
         | 
         | And, tagging areas as disupted=yes is pretty straightforward.
         | bit.ly/disputedUSA
         | 
         | We have yet to hit any sensitive areas of debate, but I imagine
         | that will happen in the not too distant future. OHM's system is
         | inherently vulnerable to vandalism, but the goal is to allow
         | conflicting perspectives to coexist, as long as they are
         | sourced.
         | 
         | Wikipedia tags are supported & perhaps more importantly,
         | Wikidata. Wikidata also supports OHM references. See:
         | https://www.openhistoricalmap.org/relation/266127
         | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159631
        
         | Archelaos wrote:
         | "What if different schools of thought exist for where something
         | was in the past, could multiple hypothesized locations exist
         | for a single object?"
         | 
         | How to represent such things on a map can become quite complex
         | very fast. A placename from an old document may refer to
         | multiple locations, but these are mutually exclusive. The
         | probability of attribution may vary in each case. Different
         | scholars may disagree about these probabilities. Etc, etc.
        
         | jobigoud wrote:
         | The present-day map must have a system to deal with territorial
         | disputes, maybe a similar system can be used.
        
           | bellyfullofbac wrote:
           | The current system from e.g. Google is pretty weak IMO, it's
           | made to not piss the sides off, so if you load up Google Maps
           | in Pakistan you see the disputed territories belonging to
           | Pakistan, and in India you see them belonging to India. But
           | if it's the stuff of history it would be interesting to
           | display the areas overlapping each other, or to mark that
           | there was active conflict over the territory at that point in
           | time.
        
             | ketzu wrote:
             | > The current system from e.g. Google is pretty weak IMO,
             | it's made to not piss the sides off,
             | 
             | It is mostly respecting local regulation on the topic. If
             | you are in a country that does not regulate the area you
             | see the disputed areas marked.
        
               | thedudeabides5 wrote:
               | Just wait till the flame wars on Taiwan and the Nine Dash
               | Line
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-dash_line
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > Instead of every historian writing their own magnum opus of a
         | particular area and timespan, all the geographical information
         | can be combined in a single system.
         | 
         | Isn't that true of all historical data? It seemed so obvious to
         | me that professional historians would share data that I asked
         | several professional historians what the standard format was.
         | Nobody had even considered it, as of ~10 years ago.
         | 
         | Obviously you can't structure all historical information, but
         | you can do a lot of it: Location & time, other things present
         | at that spot in space-time (people, events, weather, diseases,
         | governments, etc. etc.), and sources. And then some
         | unstructured fields, including one for analysis.
         | 
         | I'm sure that's misguided, as I'm not an historian, but it sure
         | seems like much more value could be extracted from research if
         | it was accumulated and shared, and not stuck in someone's
         | personal storage, and that it would save a lot of duplication
         | of effort.
        
           | openhistmap wrote:
           | You're right on. I've asked many for shapefiles of the
           | world's historical boundaries & some do exist, but are often
           | encumbered by copyrights / licensing that add friction to
           | sharing. Our goal is to have as much CC0 data as possible,
           | although we have added some CC-BY-SA-NC data. All data is
           | copyright / license marked at the object level, with no label
           | defaulting to CC0.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > Instead of every historian writing their own magnum opus of a
         | particular area and timespan, all the geographical information
         | can be combined in a single system.
         | 
         | The two options are not mutually exclusive: Dr Shmoe and Dr
         | Kroe can write fascinating books on the movement of the border
         | between Hannover and Braunschweig that mostly agree but
         | disagree on a couple of fundamental points; both could be
         | represented, and perhaps compared, via different views.
         | 
         | For an existence proof: Wikipedia is able to have decent
         | articles about (some) subjects where strong consensus does not
         | exist.
        
       | howolduis wrote:
       | bruh, 90% of the countries aren't there when I toggle 2020, what
       | kind of scam is this?
        
       | Seb-C wrote:
       | I hope this gets more contributors, as it could be quite useful.
       | 
       | I wonder how difficult it would be to build some kind of
       | `OpenHistoricalStreetView`. We certainly have enough historical
       | photos to do something interesting.
        
         | pomian wrote:
         | We could add paintings too. Many were very accurate "street
         | views".
        
       | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
       | My favourite historical map resource on the internet is the
       | National Library of Scotland's georeferenced side-by-side viewer:
       | https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/side-by-side/#zoom=5&lat=56....
       | 
       | View a variety of historical maps on the left, with the same area
       | "now" on the right, with the pointer synced between the two sides
       | so that you can trace roads, building outlines, etc.
        
         | scoot wrote:
         | Neat! On zooming in on the UK, I landed mostly by chance on
         | Gatwick Airport, only to discover that it's built on the site
         | of a former racecourse. A quick web search brought me to the
         | Wikipedia page with a potted history of said racecourse, and
         | how Gatwick has named various features after it. Fascinating.
         | 
         | Also, don't miss the swipe view...
        
       | eb0la wrote:
       | Very cool idea.
       | 
       | I remember borrowing Kinder & Hermann books when I was in high
       | school. They were awesome (you can see them in the Internet
       | Archive
       | https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Kinder%2C+...
       | ).
       | 
       | Worth taking a look at it _in_paper_ ;-)
        
       | matesz wrote:
       | Switzerland didn't change it's boarders since 1800. Is this the
       | main reason why they are the richest (or one of the richest)
       | countries?
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | Partly. Its mountains form a natural border and it is rich
         | partly because it is treated as a haven for stability.
        
         | h4kor wrote:
         | Being able to easily defend your territory and not
         | participating in wars probably helps to build and maintain
         | capital
        
           | algo_cheese wrote:
           | Around 1800 Switzerland was invaded by French armies so it's
           | not really true.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_.
           | ..
        
             | eCa wrote:
             | Yes, but that is almost a quarter of a millennium ago.
        
         | julienreszka wrote:
         | No I don't think so. Counterexample: Germany changed its
         | borders all the time, still powerful and wealthy tho.
        
           | Mordisquitos wrote:
           | Plus another counterexample from the opposite side: Andorra
           | hasn't changed its borders since 1278, but only became
           | reasonably rich in the second half of the 20th century.
        
           | Glavnokoman wrote:
           | It is like 3 times less wealthy per capita compared to
           | Switzerland. So this is rather a co-example.
        
             | julienreszka wrote:
             | Germany is 10 times the population of Switzerland
        
               | Glavnokoman wrote:
               | And? Is India a rich country?
        
         | Glavnokoman wrote:
         | Plus neutrality which it tries to sustain as much as its
         | sovereignty allows.
        
         | bumbada wrote:
         | I don't think so. I have worked in the Germanic side of
         | Switzerland before the pandemic and will go back after it.
         | 
         | IMO the main reason is that Switzerland has no natural
         | resources so for this reason it was not invaded. You go to
         | Africa and see the same thing, the less resources a country
         | has, the wealthier it is.
         | 
         | Then you have Jews and protestant ethics in half the country
         | that value work a lot. They welcome and support you if you are
         | a good worker.
         | 
         | Then you have cold Winters that develop indoor activities like
         | reading or workshops. They used to sleep half of the year.
         | 
         | But the most important thing of all, they don't have socialist
         | or communist in power. It is a great thing that I can not vote,
         | because the majority of workers that go there to work are
         | leftist and will destroy the country in a few years if they
         | could vote.
         | 
         | Imagine that you take the better workers, teachers, and
         | entrepreneurs in a country and exterminate them. That is what
         | happened in Russia and China with the communist revolutions.
         | The most lazy and envious, aggressive and worst workers became
         | the bosses.
         | 
         | That made people in those countries to literarily starve to
         | death from incompetence and population to go down(Russia
         | population was bigger than US of A at the start of the
         | century). But most important, it was an inverse natural
         | selection. The brightest and resourceful people disappeared
         | from the genetic pool. And the culture destroyed excellence and
         | hard work as a merit.
         | 
         | In Switzerland, merit culture not only survives but prospers,
         | because without natural resources, they don't have
         | alternatives.
        
       | hyperhopper wrote:
       | Is anybody else getting changing data when zooming in and out?
       | This might be a mobile issue but there are definitely some
       | problems there.
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | I suspect the area is being actively edited, and generating the
         | map tiles for all scales takes a while.
        
           | ygra wrote:
           | The same happens in OSM, to which this seems to be very
           | similar, both in name and on a technical level.
        
       | SahAssar wrote:
       | It should be possible to import in some data using the wikidata
       | "inception" [1] and "OpenStreetMap relation ID" [2] statements.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P571
       | 
       | [2] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P402
        
         | openhistmap wrote:
         | I would love that, but I'm not sure what GIS format data that
         | would yield. Any thoughts?
        
       | larusso wrote:
       | Why do I have the urge to tap the satellite view button. Common
       | you game developers from Flight Simulator. Given some references
       | one could fake this really nice :)
       | 
       | But joke aside. I think this is awesome. Does anyone know how
       | accurate the borders are in the German area when changing years?
        
       | mik09 wrote:
       | not very related but i think our technology is at the brink of
       | some actual psychohistory
        
       | NKosmatos wrote:
       | Nice initiative but sure it will cause many many user conflicts,
       | especially for locations where the boundaries are disputed. I
       | hope we don't see comment wars here in HN about different
       | regions.
        
         | mdiesel wrote:
         | Borders are still disputed today, so any issues that are
         | relevant would also exist in the OSM maps. I'd heard that
         | Google shows differing borders depending on where you're
         | viewing from, not sure if OSM do the same.
         | 
         | Of course there are plenty of borders in history that are
         | always going to be debated. Those are academic disputes though.
        
           | Un1corn wrote:
           | OSM is showing what's on the ground so there are no dotted
           | lines like with Google Maps. For example both the Golan
           | Heights and East Jerusalem will be shown as part of Israel
           | because it is the de facto ruler of those areas.
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | There are a few nice timelapses on youtube of borders of Europe
       | changing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-2zaOhYlAM
       | 
       | Fascinating stuff. There were some attempts with e.g. Yahoo's
       | Geoplanet to take historical context into account. I know some
       | people who are still working on that data set (which Yahoo
       | released under a creative commons license):
       | https://spelunker.whosonfirst.org/concordances/woe/
       | 
       | I live near a building in Berlin that has a sign "this building
       | used to be in a different country". Also, I live on the only
       | street still intersected by the wall. It's Bergstrasse which is
       | intersected by the wall memorial. I remember listening to the
       | news announcements in the Netherlands when the wall fell when I
       | was a teenager.
       | 
       | Another interesting thing is that borders are kind of imprecise.
       | We've only had GPS for a few decades and most maps predate the
       | existence of that. Land surveillance to modern standards pretty
       | much developed only in the last 200 years (e.g. Ordnance Survey
       | in the UK is one of the older examples of an institute
       | specializing in that). Post colonial dividing up of territory in
       | e.g. Africa was done with rulers without too much regard for
       | history, culture, or ethnical divisions. The border between the
       | US and Canada is similar in some places. Also internal borders
       | for some federal states are funny like that.
       | 
       | Besides, stuff moves around on this planet by centimeters per
       | year in some areas. The meridian does not actually run through
       | the little monument they have in Greenwhich for that (by over
       | 100m). It hasn't for a long time. Rivers, which are commonly used
       | for borders, move as well. There are some minor border disputes
       | all over Europe (and a few major ones) as well as occasional
       | pragmatic agreements between e.g. Belgium and the Netherlands on
       | how to administer certain regions. Baarle Nassau of cause being
       | the most surreal example where we are talking exclaves, enclaves
       | and enclaves containing enclaves, etc. Some houses cross borders
       | and have entrances/exits in different countries. It's completely
       | nuts.
        
         | openhistmap wrote:
         | We LOVE those youtube timelines. Unfortunately, you can't zoom
         | in & you cannot hit pause or easily scrub back and forth.
         | 
         | We're also big fans of WhosOnFirst!
        
       | adflux wrote:
       | This is really cool
        
       | rntksi wrote:
       | Immediately thought of Europa Universalis IV and all its
       | expansions :-)
       | 
       | However so much potential for abuse and misuses .. just think of
       | all the border disputes currently countries are having and
       | multiply those by all the years
        
       | accurrent wrote:
       | Whelps someone has labelled China as belonging to Goguryeo
       | (Korea) at around 464AD...Unfortunately I have to sign in to edit
       | the map...
        
         | openhistmap wrote:
         | Tell us more - is having to sign in to edit a barrier? Should
         | we rethink that? (also, I've made a note to fix that... I
         | believe that was from an old ThinkQuest dataset. TY!)
        
       | vanous wrote:
       | I have a relative who has been spending years collecting data
       | from archives and building historical maps of Ostrava, a city in
       | Czech republic [1]. He built nine (9) time based layers
       | (1860-1940). The amount of time and work this takes is just
       | incredible.
       | 
       | He has been considering providing data to OHM, but obviously has
       | not been convinced by this prospect yet, one of the reasons has
       | been loss of control over his data, as there are academic
       | institutions ready to snap this a put their name on it. It was
       | already attempted.
       | 
       | I can imagine there are more researchers like this and the
       | results of their work, all the data, is fragmented somewhere out
       | there... and possibly lost.
       | 
       | 1: http://www.mapomol.cz
        
       | publicola1990 wrote:
       | Is this an open project where people can contribute to? There
       | isn't much text on the page describing their approach.
        
         | PaulArchivist wrote:
         | Yes it is and yes you can! There is more information here:
         | https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Open_Historical_Map
        
       | devill285 wrote:
       | I will recommend to chceck https://www.oldmapsonline.org
        
       | artur_makly wrote:
       | This reminds me of the nascent stages of a very similar project I
       | designed a few years ago[0], that sadly never was able to get
       | traction (unrelated to the concept) ..but the idea at the time
       | had a lot of vision and potential.
       | 
       | Glad to see it reinvigorated especially in the age of
       | misinformation and white-washed historical data.
       | 
       | If the UI/UX, social-graph, and collab features evolve to a much
       | more polished level, this could really attract a new generation
       | of younger researchers who would really be able to scale it up.
       | 
       | Here is a sample UI/UX [1] of what a well designed timeline could
       | potentially look like.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.design2dev.com/work/mosaic/ [1]
       | https://www.design2dev.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/timeli...
        
       | contingencies wrote:
       | I have seen many issues with historical maps on Wikipedia, one of
       | the worst offenders is
       | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Territories_of_Dynas...
       | which is basically propaganda. We desperately need a new one with
       | citations.
       | 
       | I would suggest that, if various portions the vectors could cite
       | evidence, it would be an excellent basis for historic vector maps
       | on Wikipedia. Currently, this whole area is a shambles.
       | 
       | Further, I recently learned some historical maps I had created
       | with great effort for my Tang Dynasty text translation at
       | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Manshu were deleted by
       | some Wikipedia policy-thumber who reckoned including low
       | resolution satellite backgrounds to contextual maps was grounds
       | for erasing them. You'd think being an open source project for
       | academic caliber translations you'd be able to use, you know,
       | open sources under academic fair use. My tolerance for idiots is
       | truly at an all time low.
        
         | openhistmap wrote:
         | There's a lot of great work in Wikimedia commons, but I think
         | there are 2 primary / very common issues: * Format - many of
         | these maps are .svg or illustrator-created images with no
         | projection information, which makes data extraction very
         | difficult. This is why we're trying to share with GIS-formatted
         | data, so people can do with it what they'd like. * Sourcing -
         | very often, a map is depicted with a source of "own work".
         | That, unfortunately, really isn't good enough & we're trying to
         | source all objects in OHM. What's scary is that putting
         | something in Wikimedia almost ensures wide propagation as
         | "fact", even if it lacks a source. Here's an example... the
         | base map is sourced, but where did this red line come from? It
         | appears to be hand-drawn on a map... who drew it? How'd they
         | get that outline?
         | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Comancheria.jpg
        
         | deepstack wrote:
         | >I have seen many issues with historical maps on Wikipedia, one
         | of the worst offenders is
         | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Territories_of_Dynas...
         | which is basically propaganda. We desperately need a new one
         | with citations.
         | 
         | can you explain a bit more about that? Not too familiar with
         | the background of Chinese map.
        
           | contingencies wrote:
           | The notion that there is a fixed line between cultures is
           | itself a farce, but, historically the majority of such maps
           | drawn for empires are written using the implied borders from
           | latter-day interpretations of geography that was mentioned by
           | an eventual victor as annexed. However, the reality on the
           | ground is usually much different. In some cases, thousands of
           | years different.
        
             | ferdowsi wrote:
             | This is a difficult thing to describe for any pre-modern
             | polity, where vassalage and weak frontiers make it
             | difficult to describe if a central power actually
             | controlled a territory. The Ottoman Empire de-facto
             | exercised little control its North African vassals, the
             | Roman Empire had increasingly weak control over its
             | frontiers due to migrations and incursions, etc.
        
       | Dig1t wrote:
       | Well this is a super awesome project!
       | 
       | Can we talk about why the oceans are that sickly, Windows 95,
       | color of green? It's kind of offputting..
        
         | openhistmap wrote:
         | Hey, dev is ongoing! What hex shade should it be? I agree, it
         | needs to be better!!
        
       | rob74 wrote:
       | Cool project! Hope they get a lot of contributors - they are
       | definitely going to need them, already in the default view I can
       | see a lot of room for improvement: in most of Romania they still
       | have the Roman/Greek names in 1850, Serbia is shown as "Servia"
       | (as it was apparently called by the Romans?!) etc.
        
       | mesbahamin wrote:
       | There are some fun things to be found near modern day Seattle,
       | WA.
        
       | akavel wrote:
       | Awesome idea! I was thinking about something like this too for a
       | long time, though it's currently in a mental box labeled
       | "probably not in this life" for me. As others in this thread
       | mentioned, there are quite a few interesting challenges that
       | would probably need some experiments how to resolve in the
       | future, though I totally do think "starting small" from a
       | somewhat simplified prototype, and then hopefully iterating, is
       | most certainly the only possible way to do this.
       | Summarizing/expanding on some challenges I've seen noted by
       | others in this discussion, and adding "a few" of mine that I
       | randomly pondered sometimes (while not even being a history
       | buff):
       | 
       | * although (IIRC according to something I've read recently) land
       | surveying was practised in established "countries" since at least
       | babylonian times, I believe there's quite a few challenges to the
       | notion of "firm and precise borders"; going kinda back in time,
       | this can include:
       | 
       | - access to precise survey data might not be easy even in modern
       | day, with this getting harder and harder + lines more and more
       | blurry the further we go into the past;
       | 
       | - as noted by others, some borders and territory ownership is
       | heavily disputed even in the modern day;
       | 
       | - during wars, this gets even more unclear kinda by definition (a
       | lot of "we control this territory" can change as frequently as
       | many times a day, and is anyway often vaguely somewhere on a
       | spectrum between "fact" and "wishful thinking"); [as a side note,
       | I was kinda thinking it would be even more awesomesauce to show
       | army movements and other population data on such a historical map
       | as well, however this adds a whole new universe of complexity];
       | 
       | - a notable subcase of the above points being "deep state"
       | situations, where the official country's officials might have a
       | varying (sometimes tiny or none at all) authority over some parts
       | of their territory, controlled e.g. by organised crime;
       | 
       | - in less "organised" countries (incl. more
       | "primitive/aboriginal" ones), I suspect land survey might
       | sometimes not exist at all; and/or, it may be based on some
       | rather different cultural notions of "ownership" and "borders";
       | 
       | - in fact, AFAIU, the notion of "countries" is kinda something
       | that is not a given at all historically; I believe throughout
       | history something resembling a feudal model (or a kingdom) is
       | much more prevalent, i.e. "I [a king] claim to be owner of this
       | land", where I would imagine it's much too easy to make such
       | claims; and then, with all what I wrote above, even looking at
       | "de facto" ownership and fairly "organised" kingdoms, based on
       | just some pop-historical literature I believe especially the
       | closer you got to a "border" between the kingdoms, the more it
       | resembled permanent "war territory", with "quick border raids"
       | etc. and local skirmishes being so obvious, that nobody could
       | even imagine it might look different in the 20th+ century (with
       | things like The Chinese Wall and Hadrian's Wall being kinda
       | monuments to that reality); for another possibly nonobvious
       | organisation model from modern point of view, see ancient Greek
       | city-states;
       | 
       | * time tracking being very different (e.g. "king X's Nth year of
       | rule") and sometimes tricky to map to a universal timeline, such
       | as the "AD/BC" (a.k.a. "CE/BCE") scheme (e.g. can we pinpoint the
       | start of "king X"'s rule based on available sources? was it even
       | a real king or is it purely a mythical figure? do all the sources
       | claim the same X and N?);
       | 
       | * as others wrote, natural land borders & shapes definitely moved
       | & changed over time; this can include but is not limited to:
       | 
       | - rivers (see other comments); artificial islands; volcano
       | islands; volcano "mountains"; dams; floods (incl. permanent
       | floods into land-locked depressions); drying lakes/seas (see e.g.
       | Dead Sea, Caspian Sea);
       | 
       | - ice, incl. the "ice ages"; maybe a stretch case, but IIRC the
       | Baltic Sea is known to have frozen in historical times, to the
       | extent that inn(s) for travelers crossing it over the ice were
       | built on that surface [though "citation needed", i.e. I totally
       | did _not_ fact-check it];
       | 
       | - go far enough in time, and _continental drift_ itself becomes
       | clearly apparent; this means not just broken landmass continuity
       | or new landmass connections, but also _new mountains_ (which
       | often tend to become natural borders).
       | 
       | And that's just off the top of my head ;D I think stuff like this
       | makes such a project super interesting and novel! :)
        
         | openhistmap wrote:
         | These are all great questions - you've clearly thought this
         | through. Please join up and help us solve them!
        
       | tut-urut-utut wrote:
       | The idea is nice, but so many inaccuracies. For the default
       | period of 1800 to 2021 more than half of the European countries
       | are missing.
        
         | openhistmap wrote:
         | Yep - we've just started getting some traction. I would expect
         | that we'll have Europe from 1800-2021 done within a few months.
         | Perhaps you would like to join in?
         | 
         | Separately, missing data is different from inaccurate data, no?
         | I'm sure we have many inaccuracies, as well, but we're working
         | to fix those.
        
         | brylie wrote:
         | OpenStreetMap is community maintained so will tend to change
         | and improve with contribution of time:
         | 
         | https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Open_Historical_Map/OHM_...
        
       | rendall wrote:
       | Finland became independent from Russia in 1917. This map has it
       | at 1943.
        
       | julienreszka wrote:
       | Why does this start at 1800?
        
         | sellyme wrote:
         | It doesn't. That's an input field, you can edit it and go back
         | to -4000.
        
           | julienreszka wrote:
           | You are correct, The UI doesn't show it very clearly tho.
        
             | howolduis wrote:
             | the ui shows false information when u pick a modern date
        
           | omgtehlion wrote:
           | Well, currently the data really starts at 1800 though. For
           | earlier dates data is filled very sparingly, that's why, I
           | suppose, it defaults to 1800.
        
             | timeon wrote:
             | Also 1800s has good coverage of sources. Like this one in
             | Europe: https://maps.arcanum.com/en/ (actually this one is
             | probably licensed - but some of those maps have public
             | domain version).
        
       | zucked wrote:
       | Current-day Door County, Wisconsin has existed since well before
       | this map begins, but shows as Lake Michigan. So, there's that.
        
       | dddw wrote:
       | Being Dutch and a history-buff, I have one mayor gripe with
       | historical maps, that sees land as 'moving lines' on a fixed map.
       | When I look at a historical maps (also in books), I often see the
       | Netherlands represented in it's current form, i.e. containing
       | land that is not even 50 years old, being prestent hundreds or
       | even thousands of years. I get that it is an intricate history,
       | and maybe too much effort in some cases, but please at least
       | remove flevoland. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flevoland
        
         | leokennis wrote:
         | Have a look at https://www.topotijdreis.nl, it's a fantastic
         | resource on the national and hyperlocal level.
        
           | fjfaase wrote:
           | I personally also find https://hisgis.nl/ an interesting
           | resource, especially if you want to know about the 1832
           | kadaster maps, which are far more detailed that the maps that
           | topotijdreis shows of that period. I do not know if this is
           | available for the whole of the Netherlands, but the maps of
           | Overijssel are available.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | I live in the Fens in England and noticed the same thing. You
         | can set it back 1000 years and not only is the Fens still
         | drained, there are artificial drainage channels that weren't
         | dug out for another 600 years. It seems an assumption has been
         | made that rivers and coastlines don't change over time but it's
         | so far from true! For me it's one of the most interesting, and
         | scary, things when looking at old maps. Does the data model
         | support changing natural features like rivers and coastlines?
        
           | PaulArchivist wrote:
           | Yes any feature as far as I'm aware can have a start date and
           | end date so can show the changes over time. As can be seen in
           | London (https://www.openhistoricalmap.org/#map=16/51.5108/-0.
           | 1086&la...) where the shape of the river changed when the
           | Embankment was built in 1869. As far as I'm aware there is no
           | reason why changing coastlines couldn't be mapped, though it
           | is a lot of work to draw in a long length of coastline.
        
           | gpvos wrote:
           | I just added a start-date to a canal, so apparently yes.
        
         | tda wrote:
         | It seems like this is adding some vectors on a gridded base
         | map. But OSM has every object in a vector form, also coastlines
         | etc. So I don't think there is a technical reason why
         | coastlines would have to be fixed for a historical map. On the
         | timescale of ages and millennia, rivers in delta planes are
         | also usually not very static.
        
           | openhistmap wrote:
           | Well... coastlines are handled in a deep, dark, arcane part
           | of OSM planet and data processing, but you're right. Rivers,
           | on the other hand should be straightforward to change. We'll
           | have some cleaned up examples in the near future.
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | Not only deltas, any river meandering over any plain will
           | change its course pretty "quickly" (which creates problems if
           | such a river is defined as the border between two countries
           | BTW)
        
         | maze-le wrote:
         | It's true, and it is not just a Dutch problem. Basically all
         | major river systems change throughout the centuries: meandering
         | arms evolve and others get cut off; river deltas grow and
         | change shape and of course human activity shapes the landscape
         | (canals, irrigation, drainage of swamps and floodplains etc.).
         | The ancient city of Eridu for example was a coastal city around
         | 5000BC and today lies hundreds of km inland.
        
         | MarcScott wrote:
         | I've recently been thinking about this with regards to borders.
         | There are plenty of borders around the world that rely on
         | rivers as a boundary, but river's aren't static, and meanders
         | shift all the time.
         | 
         | Of particular interest to me was the England/Scotland border,
         | as I was visiting the area, and noticing that it doesn't always
         | follow the path of the river Tweed.
         | 
         | When a river is a border, that is by nature always changing,
         | how do countries decide which bit of land/islands are
         | sovereign?
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/Coding2Learn/status/1397595858632388608
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | breck wrote:
       | Love the idea. Just made a note to self to try and add cape cod
       | canal data, as I just checked and it has the canal there far
       | before it actually was dug.
        
       | hahamaster wrote:
       | They published it waay too early. The quality is abysmal.
        
         | howolduis wrote:
         | +1
         | 
         | i dont know why they published this when u cant even see the US
         | in 2020
        
         | timeon wrote:
         | Probably, like openstreetmap.org, the page may be intended
         | mostly for editors.
        
         | openhistmap wrote:
         | If we didn't publish it, how would we attract helpers?
        
       | andrewmcwatters wrote:
       | Neat! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Deseret
        
       | maze-le wrote:
       | This is also a great resource for a project like this:
       | https://www.oldmapsonline.org/
       | 
       | These are mainly links to georeferenced raster images and
       | databases, not vectors / OSM data. But, still -- I've already
       | spent hours browsing old maps of my home city. For anyone
       | interested in contributing to this project, oldmapsonline might
       | be a great reference.
        
         | HighChaparral wrote:
         | For the UK, the National Library of Scotland's historical maps
         | are a fantastic resource:
         | 
         | https://maps.nls.uk/
         | 
         | Ireland's Ordnance Survey also has some good historical
         | resources:
         | 
         | https://www.osi.ie/products/professional-mapping/historical-...
        
         | larusso wrote:
         | This is cool. For my hometown Berlin I love to browse this map
         | https://1928.tagesspiegel.de/ it shows Berlin in 1928 and most
         | areas are still the same.
        
           | maze-le wrote:
           | Yeah, it's very intersting indeed. Roads and street layouts
           | usually don't change that much over the centuries -- they get
           | integrated and amended, but seldom disappear. I was pretty
           | amazed to recognize the street layout of Leipzig in the
           | 1740ies: https://biblio.unibe.ch/web-
           | apps/maps/zoomify.php?pic=Ryh_53...
        
       | aembleton wrote:
       | Looks like they've added a start date and end date field to
       | existing features of OSM. Couldn't this just be fed back into the
       | existing OSM database?
       | 
       | We could add dates when pubs opened. Then when they shut we can
       | add their closing dates; adding to the historical record and they
       | could then be removed from the OSM map.
        
       | imrejonk wrote:
       | Cool project! Too bad there's not much detail in these maps. The
       | Dutch land registry and national mapping agency maintains a
       | website with highly detailed, historical maps of the Netherlands
       | that go back to 1815: https://topotijdreis.nl/
        
         | openhistmap wrote:
         | :) We've gotta start somewhere! ;) Please join in & help out!
        
       | cbm-vic-20 wrote:
       | Oh, nice. Setting the date to 1800 and looking at Boston shows
       | the "pre-fill" coastline, and even the fort at Boston Neck. No
       | roads, though, and Logan Airport's land wasn't filled in in 1825,
       | but it _is_ editable.
        
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