[HN Gopher] Germany warns: AI arms race already underway
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       Germany warns: AI arms race already underway
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 54 points
       Date   : 2021-06-10 10:33 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.dw.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.dw.com)
        
       | z5h wrote:
       | When someone finally rules the world, what will they do next?
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | I think what tends to happen is what we saw happen in Soviet
         | Russia and Maoist China. "They," at the top, think they know
         | what's best for people (hoi polloi) and start "designing" for
         | that "utopian" society, history be damned.
        
         | chewz wrote:
         | Make prols vanish underground and enjoy empty beaches, clean
         | air and unspoiled nature.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Penultimate_Truth
        
         | randomopining wrote:
         | Tighten control, extract wealth and live the best life, direct
         | humanity towards what it thinks are valuable endeavors.
        
         | officialjunk wrote:
         | solar system
        
       | ergot_vacation wrote:
       | The interesting (and sinister) thing to consider is how wild this
       | will look if fully built out. We're not just talking about some
       | machine intelligence shuffling troops around in lieu of a
       | general. The advantage of a computer is its vision: it can see
       | the "playing field," the reality it's fighting in, much more
       | broadly and deeply than a human can. It can hold more things in
       | its mind at once. AI warfare isn't computers flying some drones
       | or robotic tanks. AI warfare probably looks like a bunch of
       | small, odd occurrences as both sides probe each other's
       | weaknesses in economics, infrastructure and politics, circling
       | each other like two knife fighters. A bunch of weird, disjointed
       | bursts of propaganda crop up across various media channels,
       | fragmented and often seemingly incoherent, but perfectly
       | targeted. Small, isolated incidents of problems at important
       | institutions start cropping up, shutting them down for weeks or
       | months: Hospitals, minor government agencies, oil pipelines, food
       | processing. Never enough to look like a coherent attack. Knife
       | jabs and dodges, the fighters probing, learning, a/b testing.
       | 
       | And then one day it isn't a test anymore. The real strike comes.
       | It isn't a nuke or an invasion. There's no need. Those things are
       | as outdated as tying sharp stones to sticks. The AI knows just
       | where to hit, in just the right way, and like a Vulcan death grip
       | one pinch sets the whole system collapsing on itself. It will
       | take humans a decade to even fully understand what happened. If
       | they have that luxury.
       | 
       | The atom bomb changed warfare via incomprehensible destruction.
       | AI will change warfare via incomprehensible strategy.
        
         | wcarss wrote:
         | That's an interesting idea about a type of AI that we do not
         | have yet.
         | 
         | Attributing magical pattern-finding expert-beating behaviour to
         | AI is common among those who do not know much about it or how
         | it works, or who haven't used it to solve problems. I don't
         | want to guess at your experience using AI tools to solve
         | problems (maybe you have tons!), but from my own modest
         | experience, 'AI' is not very good at the things you are
         | painting a picture about.
         | 
         | AI in most contexts today is not a way to replace a scarce
         | expensive human expert with a cheap multipliable mechanical
         | expert, let alone a cheap multipliable mechanical _super_
         | -expert. It is a way to replace a scarce expensive human expert
         | with a cheap multipliable mechanical 10 year old. Anyone can
         | get AI can do what a thousand reasonably trained 10 year olds
         | can do, but it can _not_ out-see or out-intuition most experts
         | at most tasks, especially many-factor soft tasks, because
         | humans can quickly sort through what to pay attention to among
         | many diverse signal types. An expert comedian is still a lot
         | better at looking at, say, a tag cloud and coming up with a
         | great joke than GPT-3 is.
         | 
         | In some tasks, like chess or go, AI can evaluate many many
         | paths and store the results and train on the specific,
         | measurable outcomes. This is valuable to it, and allows it to
         | outpace experts in these domains. It may apply to many other
         | domains in the future.
         | 
         | Is propaganda like those domains? Are exposed networks like
         | those domains? Is trading bitcoin like those domains? I agree
         | that it _may be possible_ for AI to do very surprising, clever
         | things in the future -- it maybe even is likely that it will.
         | But today, and for the near future, what you 're discussing is
         | _very far_ into the realm of fun science fiction.
        
         | shoto_io wrote:
         | This reads really nicely. It's a nice story.
         | 
         | But for me it breaks at a crucial point: how exactly will a
         | strike look like that is way more sophisticated than a nuke or
         | an invasion?
         | 
         | I think your comment is giving AI a life of its own. Whereas I
         | believe that AI is just a continuation of what we have seen for
         | the past 70 years:
         | 
         | Computational power will increasingly aid existing attack
         | vectors. The nuclear strike will be better planned. The
         | invasion much more effective. Through better computer programs,
         | that some happen to call AI these days.
        
         | viciousvoxel wrote:
         | I would read this novel.
        
         | bargle0 wrote:
         | Sometimes I feel like it's already happened.
        
         | mamcx wrote:
         | You know what could be actually bad?
         | 
         | The AI _think_ that could do as well as you described...
        
         | mirker wrote:
         | For what it's worth, gameplay AI in real time strategy games
         | beats humans by performing more actions per minute than humanly
         | possible. You can find Starcraft 2 AI that perfectly controls
         | every unit while a human can only dedicate time to controlling
         | a few groups of units. Nothing intelligent occurs; the human
         | loses because they simply fall behind.
        
         | AnonymousPlanet wrote:
         | This sounds a lot like the Chinese idea of unrestricted warfare
         | [1] but conducted by AI.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unrestricted_Warfare
        
         | AbrahamParangi wrote:
         | Watching superhuman AI play games doesn't look like this.
         | 
         | They just look like people that are really stupid in some ways
         | and really good in others.
        
           | gurkendoktor wrote:
           | I suspect that this is because games have fixed rules: you
           | can't use a hammer to smash the enemy's chess king. Reality
           | is a lot more flexible.
        
             | allportmi wrote:
             | Fixed rules are the reason the AIs do well in games. You
             | can't train an algorithm to think outside the box like
             | that, because the box is how it's trained.
             | 
             | Since we cannot meaningfully codify, much less rapidly
             | simulate, the potential actions and real consequences in
             | this supposed global all-fronts war, we cannot train an
             | algorithm on it.
        
         | handrous wrote:
         | My expectation is that if it turns out to be practically
         | possible and significantly beneficial to turn over lots of
         | strategic military _and business_ decision making over to AI,
         | it soon _won 't be a choice not to_, thanks to competition.
         | 
         | I think AI rule of much of our top-level, super-important
         | decision making is either a dead-end that will never work _or_
         | inevitable and something we won 't have the practical choice to
         | avoid (barring, say, a real and effective world government)
         | with little room for anything in between.
         | 
         | And if it pans out, I expect it to be much as you wrote: the
         | decisions will seem nonsensical much of the time, but those who
         | second-guess the AI will be at a disadvantage against those who
         | do not.
        
         | only_as_i_fall wrote:
         | I don't think narrow AI is really capable of much of that.
         | 
         | On the other hand if strong/general AI pops into existence
         | we're at a singularity point anyway.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Thinking of AI like this is completely misunderstanding
         | complexity. AI isn't going to be able to predict the weather 2
         | weeks from now let alone society at the level your suggesting.
         | It's going to use the same old tools at best significantly more
         | efficiently.
        
       | dzonga wrote:
       | I think in general fighting over territory is a lost cause these
       | days. since the best resources are people. first world nations,
       | have realized that. now they plunder people instead. Unlike
       | extractible natural resources, which can be in abundance, brain
       | drain is close to irreversible. Syria, will never regain it's
       | lost skilled people. And likewise different African countries. In
       | that sense the best AI war you can fight is disinformation and
       | sow distrust.
        
       | mirker wrote:
       | Is there a non-vacuous example of AI being used in this context?
       | Is it matrix multiplication, linear regression, same old control
       | theory, or deep learning?
        
         | ergot_vacation wrote:
         | If you want sense of what real AI warfare will look like, look
         | at Cambridge Analytica. Extremely primitive, but still highly
         | effective. The key concept is the ability to sift through vast
         | piles of data, find previously unknown patterns, and then
         | exploit them. Humans have to make one ad for the whole nation.
         | AI can micro-target hundreds or thousands of communities with
         | custom propaganda, often even contradicting itself, achieving a
         | much more powerful result. Now apply this approach to broader
         | conflicts.
        
           | randcraw wrote:
           | Yeah, I think the point of China's term "Informationized
           | Warfare" is to manipulate information flow and content to
           | serve your interests more than your enemy's. If you can
           | distort the perspective of an opponent country's decision
           | makers or twist popular opinion there to foment internal
           | dissent (as Russia famously has done in the US in the past
           | decade w/o using any AI, so far), then you win.
           | 
           | I also believe this strategy is not only about conducting
           | occasional violent hot wars but very much about conducting a
           | non-violent day-to-day cold war which is largely invisible to
           | the public (both China's and the US's). China has been waging
           | such a "cold war" in the US for over a decade in their many
           | break-ins onto US computers to steal IP, especially from
           | high-tech and military/intelligence sources. In the last 5
           | years, they more active in international PR initiatives to
           | promote their economic and political interests. China's AI
           | and data-driven social engineering techniques will surely
           | play an increasing role in daily practices like these.
           | 
           | Info-based warfare isn't about killing the enemy as much as
           | weakening them, as Sun Tzu famously wrote, and I believe
           | that's a view that China embraces. If you're patient, you
           | don't need physical war. You can win simply by helping your
           | enemy become more of a dysfunctional loser.
        
           | tpush wrote:
           | Cambridge Analytica was largely a nothing burger [0].
           | 
           | [0] https://twitter.com/nickconfessore/status/131385399616835
           | 174...
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | There is no evidence that Cambridge Analytica was "highly
           | effective". How many voters did they convince to change their
           | votes? Please provide a number backed by reliable data.
        
           | not_jd_salinger wrote:
           | I've worked in Ad Tech for awhile now at many different
           | places. While the data and privacy issues that abound are
           | mind blowing, this process:
           | 
           | > sift through vast piles of data, find previously unknown
           | patterns, and then exploit them.
           | 
           | is much harder to pull of sucessfuly than you think. Having
           | worked in the weeds with many projects of this nature, in
           | practice these models are wildly less useful and powerful
           | than the people buying the output from them believe.
           | 
           | For an individual case, you can exploit this data pretty well
           | to find out shocking amount of personal information about a
           | person. Doing this at scale in a way that doesn't converge
           | into noise is much harder.
        
           | kevinventullo wrote:
           | Was Cambridge Analytica highly effective? My understanding
           | was that it was only used by Cruz in the 2016 primaries. In
           | the main election, the Trump campaign found RNC's data to be
           | more useful than CA's.
        
       | wegwe33 wrote:
       | Haha. EU will not be able to compete in the AI-area at all,
       | because they cannot collect any data due to their GDPR laws. No
       | data = no machine learning. Nice shooting to the own leg :D
        
         | lokimedes wrote:
         | It's data on the enemy you need for warfare. Only dictators
         | need to collect data on its own citizens to win war.
        
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