[HN Gopher] Bosch opens German chip plant
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Bosch opens German chip plant
        
       Author : nixass
       Score  : 650 points
       Date   : 2021-06-08 22:01 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | notyourav wrote:
       | Bosch is going all-in for IoT. CEO/Borad realized they need to
       | produce own chips for that a couple of years back and made the
       | single biggest invest decision. Automotive also uses lot's of
       | ASICs. Too bad it's an LLC (GmbH), can't buy stocks.
        
         | jiofih wrote:
         | Their subsidiary in India is publicly traded.
        
       | KingOfCoders wrote:
       | Sadly no chips for dishwashers, I'm still waiting for my Miele
       | dishwasher because no chips, no ETA.
        
       | unholythree wrote:
       | I remember stumbling across a bunch of pictures of Bosch getting
       | a brand new IBM System/370-165 mainframe circa 1970 that were
       | pretty great. I especially liked how all the IBM installers were
       | doing manual labor with their ties on.
       | 
       | link: https://www.bosch.com/stories/ibm-mainframe-computer-
       | history... but I swear I saw more pictures somewhere.
        
       | lispm wrote:
       | Story:
       | 
       | https://www.bosch.com/stories/bosch-chip-factory-dresden/
        
       | pyronode wrote:
       | ,m
        
       | beebeepka wrote:
       | Article is rather light on substance. What nodes, expected
       | output, etc.
       | 
       | Still though, I wish them good luck.
        
       | qkgo wrote:
       | I would be very happy to buy a car with the bare minimum number
       | of chips, preferably none at all.
       | 
       | No one offers it. Perhaps there will be a retro boutique Ferrari
       | one day for the 0.01%. The rest needs tracking and surveillance.
        
         | proxysna wrote:
         | There is plenty of cars like that. You can import some russian
         | Niva's or Vaz, daewoo's on the low-end. Subaru, Peugeot, Scoda
         | & Kia's base models are relatively low-tech too. Please
         | elaborate on "tracking and surveillance" part.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | For context, Wikipedia has a list of IC fabrication plants:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_semiconductor_fabricat...
       | 
       | It looks like this is the third plant of Bosch. The technology
       | node is 65nm.
        
       | gpm wrote:
       | I never realized Bosch was so big (77 billion euros in annual
       | revenue). The corporate structure is also really interesting. 92%
       | owned by charity, 7% by the bosch family, 0.01% by the this trust
       | made up of old membership, family, and "eminent people from the
       | industry", but that last 0.01% has 93% of the vote.
       | 
       | I'm now curious how this all works in practice.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH#Corporate_af...
        
         | purplepatrick wrote:
         | The operative entity Robert Bosch GmbH is 94% owned by the
         | Robert Bosch Stiftung (which is also a GmbH, but with "common
         | good" focus, so receives some tax advantages, but it's not a
         | proper foundation despite the name).
         | 
         | The Stiftung has no voting rights, however. Its voting rights
         | are with a KG entity, which in turn has no ownership in the
         | operative auto supplier entity.
         | 
         | The Stiftung receives a share of the auto supplier entity
         | profit every year. Both entities operate separately, with the
         | Stiftung pursuing various focus areas in healthcare, education,
         | etc. The Stiftung also has a separate board whose mandate it is
         | to execute on the Stiftung's mission. It has nothing to do with
         | making operative decisions at the auto supplier.
         | 
         | In 2020, the auto supplier paid approx 50% of its pretax profit
         | in taxes.
        
         | FabHK wrote:
         | Foundation, not charity. I'd say that it is a good thing that
         | they a) do not have to put profit maximisation above all else,
         | and b) can then decide where to allocate the profits in
         | accordance with their statutes.
         | 
         | I like this part of the results:
         | 
         | > For example, in 2004, the net profit was US$2.1 billion, but
         | only US$78 million was distributed as dividends to
         | shareholders. Of that figure, US$72 million was distributed to
         | the charitable foundation, and the other US$6 million to Bosch
         | family stockholders. The remaining 96% of the profits were
         | invested back into the company. In its core automotive
         | technology business, Bosch invests 9% of its revenue on
         | research and development, nearly double the industry average of
         | 4.7%.
        
           | passerby1 wrote:
           | >do not have to put profit maximisation above all else
           | 
           | What makes you think they don't?
        
           | rjzzleep wrote:
           | I have had really good experiences with Bosch engineers
           | helping in data center planning and physical access security.
           | Very knowledgeable and quality work. Too bad the institution
           | I was in would take those discussions present it to
           | competitors who would promise the same with worse quality and
           | deliver neither quality nor the same content.
           | 
           | I was told however, that nowadays, due to a lot of
           | acquisitions it's really hard to tell what kind of quality
           | you get when it says Bosch on the box.
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | > do not have to put profit maximisation above all else
           | 
           | Neither private nor public businesses have to put profit
           | maximization above all else. It's entirely a myth that that
           | is a legal requirement or responsibility.
           | 
           | That is especially the case for private companies (ie most
           | businesses), which further do not typically have the pressure
           | of huge numbers of shareholders or large institutional
           | investors / funds.
           | 
           | Sometimes one might wish a company would actually focus on
           | sustainable profitability, not just on the short-term
           | appearance of profitability. You'll routinely find
           | incompetent management that does a poor job of focusing on
           | sustainable profitability at all, and the business always
           | suffers for it. From IBM to GE. Instead, their management put
           | a focus on financial engineering - creating a conveniently
           | expedient fake profile of profitability, while the bottom
           | rotted out from under them.
           | 
           | Berkshire Hathaway by contrast - a $500 billion company - has
           | openly pointed out to shareholders for 40-50 years now that
           | they had no intention of pursuing a strategy focused on
           | merely maximizing profit above all else. Simultaneously they
           | have one of the greatest records of the last ~200 years for
           | business performance. Berkshire knows the winning formula is
           | to focus on the long-term and focus on having healthy
           | businesses (which always means not only focusing on
           | profitability), that the opposite is like a high sugar diet,
           | maybe a bit of fun in the short run, and it'll kill you in
           | the long run.
           | 
           | Most businesses that last a very long time and generate great
           | returns operate more like Berkshire Hathaway, rather than the
           | opposite (and certainly during their heyday they do, which
           | may provide fuel to last a long time even as they rot). There
           | are a seeming infinite number of ways a major corporation can
           | try to focus on profitability at the expense of all else, and
           | that's always a mistake. Smart, long-term thinking managers
           | know that. If you find a company that actually focuses on
           | profitability above all else, sell and don't look back, it
           | won't end well; it never does. Focusing on profitability
           | above all else means paying all of your best employees very
           | poorly, which means you'll always be starved for talent and
           | your business will fail given time.
           | 
           | There is a large amount of nuance involved in operating a
           | for-profit business. Choosing to focus on the long-term vs
           | short-term, financial engineering vs investing for the
           | future, sacrificing shorter-term profits for a healthier
           | longer-term business. The best businesses typically focus on
           | the longer-term, not the shorter-term, and do not focus just
           | on how they can blow out quarterly earnings or max out their
           | profits here and now (inevitably that catches up with the
           | business, and it all implodes).
        
           | smeyer wrote:
           | >Foundation, not charity.
           | 
           | I'm no expert on German stiftungs, but I tend to think of
           | foundations as a subset of charities and that "not charity"
           | wouldn't be quite right.
        
             | shkkmo wrote:
             | Foundations are defined more by structure than by purpose.
             | Some are charities and some are inheritance tax avoidance
             | vehicles.
        
               | qznc wrote:
               | Their own website uses ,,foundation" and ,,charitable
               | activities": https://www.bosch-stiftung.de/en/what-we-do
        
           | rapsey wrote:
           | And the actual reason c) avoiding all kinds of wealth taxes
           | and public scrutiny. Foundations are the corner stone of
           | wealth preservation strategies for rich people. If they could
           | not do this the forbes rich people list would probably look
           | much different and we may even see a trillionaire or two.
        
             | jeffreygoesto wrote:
             | Actually, it was a mix. Robert Bosch did not trust his
             | family or board to run a sustainable business for long, but
             | he also really was having some altruistic ideals.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.bosch.com/stories/origin-robert-bosch-
             | stiftung/
        
           | asddubs wrote:
           | >do not have to put profit maximisation above all else
           | 
           | too bad that despite that they still decided to help vw fudge
           | the emissions tests numbers
        
             | andrei_says_ wrote:
             | Is it possible that not everyone in the company had
             | transparency and decision making power on this?
        
         | qznc wrote:
         | (Bosch employee for three years)
         | 
         | The Bosch family is not involved. I only notice them via public
         | news essentially.
         | 
         | It is nice to know that a big part of our profits goes into a
         | charitable foundation instead of faceless stock holders.
         | 
         | Not being a public company means nobody cares about quarterly
         | results. There is rather a yearly rhythm. The downside is that
         | Bosch cannot get big cash infusions quickly. In case of a
         | pandemic, this is an additional risk. Worked out though.
        
           | Dumbdo wrote:
           | > Not being a public company means nobody cares about
           | quarterly results.
           | 
           | And this is why I like Bosch so much (as an employee for a
           | very similar amount of time). The working climate in most
           | places is relaxed compared to most competitors and there's
           | less focus on looking great in random metrics every quarter,
           | which makes actually doing your work easier.
           | 
           | > The downside is that Bosch cannot get big cash infusions
           | quickly. In case of a pandemic, this is an additional risk.
           | Worked out though.
           | 
           | Yep, it actually worked out much better than anticipated.
           | They were able to generate a free cash flow of 5 billion
           | Euro. AFAIK that was mainly because Bosch has a very good
           | reputation of being financially stable. (Here is the source
           | in corporate speech https://www.bosch-
           | presse.de/pressportal/de/en/bosch-stays-on...)
           | 
           | Btw, I remember your nickname from your lobsters post about
           | software architecture. Pretty cool to see fellow Boschlers
           | active here or on lobsters!
        
         | RC_ITR wrote:
         | Like a lot of Family-owned European companies (Ikea comes to
         | mind as well), it's a thinly veiled employment opportunity for
         | the heirs that does very little actual charity. The family is
         | heavily involved in board selection, & it's really just an
         | elaborate tax scheme.
         | 
         | Seriously, look at their 'project list,' a film award is #2!
         | 
         | https://www.bosch-stiftung.de/en/project-search
        
           | bobsmooth wrote:
           | What's wrong with supporting the arts?
        
             | andyana wrote:
             | I don't think anything is, but it's a low level endeavor
             | for $77b company, no?
             | 
             | I mean, the arts are something I support, because it is
             | something I can afford. If I had more money, Id probably
             | want to try harder to make a difference.
        
               | toomanybeersies wrote:
               | But if everybody tried as hard as they could to "make a
               | difference", then nobody would be supporting the arts.
        
               | chki wrote:
               | I mean it's one project out of 145 featured on their
               | website. Looking at their financial statement for 2019
               | it's certainly a very small amount compared to other
               | projects which include for example funding medical
               | research.
        
               | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
               | And emissions-cheating devices.
        
               | andyana wrote:
               | I didn't look at the rest, but the that they would even
               | put that just makes it more odd. It would be like me
               | putting "voluntarily picks up litter when I go for a
               | walk" on my list of charity activities (which doesn't
               | exist because, if anything, I don't do enough for the
               | world to warrant tooting my horn).
               | 
               | That's just my opinion, though. I'm happy they are doing
               | something rather than nothing.
        
           | ketzu wrote:
           | I don't really see the problem with an art based cultural
           | exchange grant. Also the other projects don't seem terrible
           | either. Could you elaborate?
        
             | Ericson2314 wrote:
             | But that must be contasted from the value the unpaid taxes
             | would have created.
        
               | scoopertrooper wrote:
               | Governments also issue similar grants.
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | I should have "democratic legitimacy". Rich institutions
               | evading taxes to do philanthropy is form of privatization
               | the people didn't necessarily sign up for.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | You can have both, just be the former royal ruling house
               | of Bavaria. They managed to et a law in 1923 that
               | tranferred most of their property into a public
               | foundation, outside public control. Basically, they got
               | to retain the majority of their properity without any
               | strings attached. Law is still upheld and defended by
               | Bavarian parliament. Heck, they even have the right to
               | live in parts of all the famous Bavarian castles. Also,
               | this foundation is owning 12,000 ha of forest. All of
               | that in addition to the stuff they privately own.
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | Well, at least the results their were explicit in the law
               | --- the representatives of the people were directly
               | consulted about the matter at hand. The phillanthropy-
               | privatization process elsewhere is quite subtle and I am
               | not sure many people have followed it end to end.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Well, in 1923 t was more a deal between the king deposed
               | by the 1918 post-WW1 revolution and conservative
               | politicians. Since then, well, it is something we
               | Bavarians don't talk about much. It basically is a state-
               | funded, oversight free way to pay stipends to the former
               | Bavarian ruling house. For longer now than the Bavarian
               | _kingdom_ ever existed.
               | 
               | The Wittelsbacher family got of easier so, than the
               | Habsburg rulers (they lost everything, Austria even went
               | so far to abolish every single noble title) and the
               | Hohenzollern of Prussia. I guess it helps not being in
               | the main crosshairs of the Entente back then.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | But there's a lot more oversight (from opposition
               | parties, media, etc.) to ensure those grants are being
               | done fairly.
        
           | tengbretson wrote:
           | If you're the founder of a transformative company maybe
           | funding a couple generations of your family's fun projects is
           | a good deal.
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | Why?
        
               | gscott wrote:
               | So your great-great-great grandchildren don't have to
               | work at McDonald's. Most people never think about leaving
               | a backstop for more then one generation or they let the
               | Government take so much in taxes at death it all has to
               | be sold. Great for the government but bad for future
               | generations of your family who don't have the financial
               | means to quit a job to try a startup because they have to
               | make rent and run on a mouse-wheel all of their life to
               | stay one step ahead of the next bill.
        
           | CPLX wrote:
           | Seems sort of better than the alternative though isn't it, ie
           | the American model where industrial companies are endlessly
           | looted by management, investment bankers, and private equity
           | firms via a never ending series of mergers and divestments
           | and massive debt loads.
           | 
           | It may not be charity, but at least it's stable.
        
             | rsj_hn wrote:
             | It's not an either-or question. The US has similar style
             | tax-avoidance structures that may sponsor a little-league
             | team or classical music concert to maintain their public
             | image. And Europe has their own corporate raiders -- did
             | you follow the latest drama between Porsche and VW? That
             | failed takeover bid forced out the Porsche CEO but at least
             | he had a $200M golden parachute.
        
               | realityking wrote:
               | Calling it "the latest drama" might be accurate (I don't
               | think there's more recent drama) but it obscures the fact
               | that this particular drama was resolved 12 years ago with
               | VW buying Porsche and the Porsche shareholders becoming
               | the largest VW shareholders.
        
           | chki wrote:
           | > it's a thinly veiled employment opportunity for the heirs
           | that does very little actual charity
           | 
           | I'm looking at their financial report for the year 2019 and
           | that's just not true. They are a very complex organization
           | and simply looking at one film award project and calling the
           | whole thing a scam is very wrong and frankly lazy.
        
             | RC_ITR wrote:
             | A charity that is receiving $300mn+ a year in untaxed
             | dividends spends $125mn of that on:
             | 
             |  _Personnel and other operating expenses attributable to
             | administration + Financial expenses, depreciation and
             | amortization, and changes in provisions_
             | 
             | and you're just cool with that?
        
           | chaostheory wrote:
           | > Like a lot of Family-owned European companies (Ikea comes
           | to mind as well), it's a thinly veiled employment opportunity
           | for the heirs that does very little actual charity. The
           | family is heavily involved in board selection, & it's really
           | just an elaborate tax scheme.
           | 
           | I wonder if the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has the same
           | criticisms?
        
             | Quarrel wrote:
             | No, because they're explicitly giving away all their funds,
             | not passing it on to the next generation, nor leaving it in
             | a permanent trust.
        
         | mikl wrote:
         | It's not too unusual in Europe. Another big company run by a
         | charitable foundation is Carlsberg:
         | https://www.carlsberggroup.com/investor-relations/shareholde...
         | 
         | The Carlsberg Foundation spends its proceeds from Carlsberg on
         | funding science and arts, so if you want to drink beer with a
         | good conscience...
        
         | ww520 wrote:
         | In estate planning, there's a saying, "own nothing but control
         | everything." The approach is to transfer 99% ownership of the
         | private company into a non-profit trust and to retain 1%
         | ownership which has the controlling vote. The 99% non-profit
         | trust has tax benefit and asset protection benefit. You only
         | have to pay estate tax on the 1% of what you own when passing
         | down to next generation. When someone sues you for your asset,
         | you only have to pay 1% worth of the money since that what you
         | own. But you still retain control of the company and reap
         | benefit from it (directing dividend payment, hiring relatives,
         | etc).
         | 
         | Edit: a more proof version is to put the 1% into another entity
         | like a C-corp or a trust that you control. Estate planners have
         | a field day dreaming up these schemes.
        
           | b9a2cab5 wrote:
           | And the only public shares are the weak voting ones, so in
           | order for the lawsuit winner (or the state for taxes) to reap
           | their returns they lose the voting power of the shares. I see
           | a lot of the newer IPO'd companies using this type of scheme.
        
             | KirillPanov wrote:
             | Do you mean to say that the family-owned shares _lose_
             | their extra voting power when transferred?
             | 
             | A bankruptcy judge would not hesitate to void this clause
             | if those shares were being transferred by virtue of
             | bankruptcy seizure.
        
               | fxtentacle wrote:
               | No, it's actually common, at least in Germany. You can
               | have a clause that allows the other shareholders to force
               | someone out if they argue that it is necessary to retain
               | the stability of the company. You have to pay the forced-
               | out investor for his/her shares, though.
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | I've seen that in multiple founding contracts for private
               | companies and no lawyer ever flagged that. I doubt a
               | judge will collect it. The mechanism is usually called
               | Einziehung der Geschaftsanteile, basically the remaining
               | shareholders can force-collect the shares of the bankrupt
               | shareholder. A suitable compensation is required. See for
               | example this random reference (German) https://kuhlen-
               | berlin.de/glossar/einziehung-von-gesch%C3%A4f...
               | 
               | The shares immediately loose all voting rights in that
               | process.
               | 
               | The reason is to prevent a potentially hostile party from
               | entering the shareholder group.
               | 
               | Edit: Here's a better reference with an example what such
               | a clause in the companies charter could look like:
               | https://gmbhg.kommentar.de/Abschnitt-2/Einziehung-von-
               | Gescha...
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | FeelTheBerns wrote:
       | Our Bosch dishwasher is absolutely incredible. Hands down best
       | appliance I've ever owned.
        
         | Trollmann wrote:
         | Bosch household appliances aren't built by Bosch but BSH [1]
         | instead. (They are still great)
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSH_Hausgerate
        
           | Dumbdo wrote:
           | But BSH is a direct child company of Bosch, you can even get
           | those products for a discount as a (automotive) Bosch
           | employee. Most Bosch divisions are separate child companies.
           | 
           | It's just that BSH is very small part of Bosch compared to
           | the automotive parts of Bosch.
        
         | megablast wrote:
         | My too dishwashers are pretty good too. Ive had them for ages,
         | since I was born.
        
         | PhantomGremlin wrote:
         | All appliances have problems. E.g.
         | 
         |  _In 2009, Bosch issued a voluntary recall on certain model
         | dishwashers that could overheat and pose a fire risk to
         | consumers. In 2013, a second global recall was issued and
         | covered more than five million machines._
         | https://www.classaction.org/bosch-dishwasher-fire
         | 
         | But 2013 was so long ago in Internet years, wasn't it?
         | 
         | We own a Bosch dishwasher. We bought it knowing about their
         | previous problems, because it was very quiet. The only thing I
         | dislike about it is it insists on beeping every 10 minutes
         | after completing a load. STFU, I know the dishes are clean!!!
         | 
         | Ironically, our previous non-Bosch dishwasher caught fire.
         | Literally.
        
           | aitchnyu wrote:
           | Wish they took a page from Peopleware and make a softer buzz.
           | The authors insisted everybody at the office put cotton over
           | their office phones so they are not jarring each time they
           | ring.
        
       | formerly_proven wrote:
       | In addition to this new 300 mm fab, Bosch already has one 150 mm
       | and one 200 mm fab in Germany. These are mostly for analog stuff,
       | SiC power electronics and MEMS.
        
       | timdaub wrote:
       | Hey, somehow I once did an internship at a subsidiary of Bosch.
       | It's a super cool company structure! Check it on e.g. Wikipedia,
       | it's such that Bosch's profits are sent to a non-profit that
       | spends it on e g. education.
        
         | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
         | Bosch was fined EUR90+ millions for its role in the dieselgate
         | scandal, too.
         | 
         | https://amp.dw.com/en/bosch-pays-90-million-euro-fine-over-d...
        
           | EveYoung wrote:
           | Yes, they messed up but which cooperation hasn't been
           | involved in some scandal.
        
       | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
       | https://www.google.com/search?q=bosch+cheating+software
       | 
       | Oh well, now they can do it in hardware, too. Huzzah.
        
         | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
         | Here: as a badge of honor, I'd like to garner a few more
         | downvotes from fans of criminal malfeasance.
         | 
         | I'm deeply sorry that the great tradition of German engineering
         | has been besmirched by swindlers, and those swindlers have not
         | been roundly denounced by Germans themselves.
        
           | anunnymouse wrote:
           | Remember that time you did something wrong? I'll make sure to
           | bring that up next time I read an article about something you
           | did, regardless of what what you did wrong or what the
           | article is about.
        
           | bernulli wrote:
           | Not a unique German thing, I am afraid,
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_emissions_scandal
           | 
           | "A practice by diesel vehicles including the Volvo S60,
           | Renault's Espace Energy and the Jeep Renegade, exceeded legal
           | European emission limits for nitrogen oxide (NO x) by more
           | than 10 times.[1] ICCT and ADAC showed the biggest deviations
           | from Volvo, Renault, Jeep, Hyundai, Citroen and Fiat."
        
           | shkkmo wrote:
           | I suspect you are being downvoted for the low effort comment
           | that is just a google search link with no context or
           | commentary. I don't think it particularly has anything to do
           | with the content since few people are going to expend the
           | effort figuring out what you are talking about.
        
       | coolspot wrote:
       | 1B is like three last-gen ASML machines, good start I guess, but
       | chip manufacturing can easily absorb 10x of that.
       | 
       | As I understand it, there are no plans to turn Europe into a chip
       | leader, they just want to protect automotive supply chain.
        
         | sangnoir wrote:
         | Isn't ASML a dutch company? How is Europe not a leader? Unless
         | you mean in wafer production/fabs or being on the forefront of
         | shrinking process-nodes.
         | 
         | Europe is behind in fabs and has historically underfunded the
         | industry - understandable, as it had worked fine for a long
         | time, with globalization, long supply chains and JIT
         | inventories. Then came nativism, "Tariff Man" and a global
         | pandemic, and Europe had to rethink its long-term strategy.
        
           | jmrm wrote:
           | I want to add other reason: It's astronomically expensive and
           | really slow to grow.
           | 
           | TSMC started in 1987, and AFAIK, the government of Taiwan
           | invest in the company to help their grow.
           | 
           | EU started some years ago, investing in R&D in this sector,
           | some years ago. We need to wait at least a decade to see a
           | real impact starting to grow with this initiatives.
        
           | systemvoltage wrote:
           | There is more that goes inside a Fab than a litho tool.
           | Granted it's a major one, but a fabs has 400 process steps.
           | 
           | See KLA Tencor, Applied Materials, TEL, Advantest, ASM,
           | Hirata, Fujitsu, Mitsubishi, etc probably dozens more.
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | Yes, and "dozens more" needs to be changed to hundreds
             | more, with most not being known even to industry insiders.
             | Lots of them are single vendor globally, and are Taiwanese.
             | 
             | For example, FOUP cleaning machines are made only by Gudeng
             | (as well as ultra low particle FOUPs themselves,) and don't
             | think that "cleaning machine" is any much less
             | sophisticated than other equipment. It's the size of a
             | truck, made of space age materials to survive fluorines,
             | and costs many megabucks.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | I'm not an expert so this is entirely armchair reasoning, but
           | I can think of a few factors.
           | 
           | We don't have a culture of crazy investors, nor one of
           | hypergrowth - I mean how many US startups went from nothing
           | to a $1B valuation or takeover in a year, maybe two after
           | they first started making waves?
           | 
           | Wages are not as crazy. Neither is cost of living, but it
           | does mean the most talented people will pursue a career where
           | the pay matches. Anyway when you consider things like income
           | taxes going to a government that doesn't spend more on the
           | military than any other country, socialist policies, and sane
           | health care, it does even out a lot.
           | 
           | It's not as much of a union as they want to make believe.
           | Anything that grows to a certain size will deal with a lot of
           | international headaches. Freedom of movement and trade has
           | made things a lot easier (something the UK wasn't aware of
           | apparently, probably still stuck in English exceptionalism,
           | and they're getting fucked over left and right because of it
           | at the moment).
           | 
           | I mean one project going on right now is "they" are trying to
           | build a EU focused AWS / GCE competitor, but instead of
           | empowering or investing in a single company, or letting the
           | market work for a company to rise in the ranks, they're
           | making it some big international semi-government affair,
           | where each country is fighting hard to protect and promote
           | their interests. It's turned into not a technical or business
           | challenge, but a political one. I mean I'm a complete fuckwit
           | myself but give me a few billion in spending money and
           | absolute power and I'll build you a secure EU cloud provider.
        
             | sangnoir wrote:
             | Random counterpoints: how many US _hardware_ startups
             | managed to have hypergrowth. How many US hardware startups
             | are involved in chip fabrication, period?
             | 
             | Taiwan doesn't have either crazy investors or hypergrowth.
             | I suspect the chip hardware business requires many years of
             | steady-but-compounding growth.
             | 
             | As for the AWS/GCE competitor: I suspect the policy goal is
             | not to have one platform/product in X years that will soon
             | be outdated. Rather, it's to nurture and grow a competitive
             | domestic ecosystem that is self-sufficient. That way, you
             | may have dozens of AWSes in thr future that keep you on the
             | leading edge (not just inplementors)
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > Isn't ASML a dutch company? How is Europe not a leader?
           | 
           | The same reasons why the US doesn't have much presence any
           | more:
           | 
           | 1) Environment protection and emission laws: just look at the
           | Silicon Valley, half of it is a Superfund site from decades
           | of silicon manufacturing.
           | 
           | 2) Lack of skilled and experienced (!) engineers
           | 
           | 3) For Europe: lack of access to the many billions of dollars
           | that a fab build requires
           | 
           | 4) Cost: No matter what you do, simply alone due to wages,
           | real estate and raw material cost, US and European-made
           | components will always be more expensive than Asia-made. The
           | military can afford it to specify "homemade" as requirement,
           | but everyone else will be going with whoever is the cheapest
           | option. Yes we have a bit of a supply stretch at the moment
           | ("thanks" to shitcoin miners and fuck-ups by automotive), but
           | this will even out sooner or later and the prices return to
           | their old normal level, which means a domestic production
           | won't be cost-effective any more, which in turn means it's
           | hard to get funding for such a project from banks.
           | 
           | The only way out is _massive_ government investments and
           | subsidies.
        
             | ovi256 wrote:
             | Your phrasing "fuck-ups by automotive" brought to mind
             | something: if automotive didn't fuck-up, would that have
             | reduced the shortages ? In the automotive sector, yes, of
             | course, but not the general shortages, surely ? Would we'd
             | just have shortages elsewhere, notably in home electronics,
             | which is the industry that picked up all the spare
             | production capacity that automotive freed.
             | 
             | Is one better than the other ?
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | The problem is the ripple effect that automotive has
               | across societies. It's one thing if shitcoin miners or
               | gamers have to wait for GPUs, but when the automotive
               | industry with its many millions of employees and in
               | sequence its supply chain with even more millions of
               | employees is grinding to a halt, the impact is immense.
               | 
               | If anything, corona has shown us how extremely unhealthy
               | the dependency of modern society on the automotive
               | industry is. We need to wean ourselves off of that, and
               | the sooner we begin the better - climate change is the
               | next catastrophe waiting in the starting block.
        
           | throwawaysea wrote:
           | ASML is a supplier for one part of the overall process yes,
           | but their core innovation is also somewhat limited. Their EUV
           | technology is actually based on a license from the US DOE
           | (from 1999: https://www.eetimes.com/u-s-gives-ok-to-asml-on-
           | euv-effort/), as part of a consortium of companies that were
           | allowed to benefit from early US R&D into EUV. This is also
           | why the US is able to require ASML to not export EUV machines
           | to China. In my opinion from limited knowledge, being a
           | leader means also being able to change the industry in
           | significant ways. You could argue ASML has contributed to
           | that but I think their dependence on US research indicates
           | they aren't independently set up to be a leader in this
           | space.
        
             | Slartie wrote:
             | How can a patent from 1999 still provide any leverage?
             | Isn't the lifetime of US patents (or patents in general in
             | most countries) limited to 20 years, so this patent should
             | have expired in 2019?
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | I'm no expert, but I'd say that patent is only one of
               | many patented inventions needed to turn it into a working
               | product. That is, say the patent expired, anyone could
               | make an EUV laser, but that in itself does not produce
               | nanometer scale transistors.
        
               | mpol wrote:
               | I can imagine the leverage is 20 years of refining their
               | technology. Sure, other companies could have invested in
               | developing the technology in the last 5 years, and start
               | selling or using it in 2019, but I assume it takes a lot
               | of refinement to have this work nicely.
        
             | xxpor wrote:
             | >U.S. Undersecretary of Energy Ernest Moniz said, "if the
             | EUV technology proves viable, ASML has agreed to build a
             | factory in the U.S., similar to its Netherlands facility,
             | as well as to establish an American research and
             | development center. The factory will supply 100 percent of
             | all ASML's sales in the United States."
             | 
             | Did this actually happen? Does Intel buy ASML machines?
        
               | throwawaysea wrote:
               | I am not actually sure, but ASML does have a US R&D and
               | manufacturing presence. Their largest site is in CT
               | (https://www.asml.com/en/company/about-
               | asml/locations/wilton-...). As for Intel, they bought a
               | 15% stake in ASML in 2012
               | (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-intel-asml-
               | idUSBRE86819B2...) and ASML is have suspected to have
               | sold machines to Intel subsequently
               | (https://www.kitguru.net/components/graphic-cards/anton-
               | shilo...). However, Intel may have not needed as many
               | machines because they were able to avoid depending on EUV
               | for some nodes (https://www.reuters.com/article/asml-
               | intel-idUSL8N1AY2H4).
        
           | patentatt wrote:
           | ASML and ARM. Even if ARM is now owned by SoftBank, it's
           | still HQ'd in Europe, right? Combine the best lithography
           | machines and the leading architecture and Europe probably
           | should be dominant. Interesting that they choose instead to
           | export so much of the value chain around the world.
        
         | marcodiego wrote:
         | Complete outsider doubt: every time I hear about chip
         | manufacturing, somebody talks about ASML machines. Considering
         | that many of the chips we use are built by ASML machines, why
         | isn't Netherlands a top chip manufacturer?
        
           | icegreentea2 wrote:
           | The skills and risks in different parts of the chain are
           | different. Having access to excellent photo-lithography
           | machines is not enough to guarantee having an excellent
           | foundry or process - that much should be evident from ASML
           | supplying TSMC and Intel, and observing Intel's struggles
           | with 10nm.
           | 
           | The machines ASML produces allow you make ultra precise and
           | tiny patterns of material. You still need to choose what
           | those materials are, figure out how you're going to create
           | the material (as in what dopants are you adding in what
           | quantities), what your geometry actually is, and on and on
           | and on.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | fxtentacle wrote:
           | Did you hear about integrated circuits in school?
           | 
           | Did anyone offer you a course on how to design ICs in
           | university?
           | 
           | I heard that Singapore NTU has 100+ graduates with PCB and IC
           | design skills each year. If I was a chip-foundry-to-be, I'd
           | build my factory where the employees are.
        
             | tlamponi wrote:
             | > Did anyone offer you a course on how to design ICs in
             | university?
             | 
             | Yes, standard courses in Computer Engineering, at least
             | here at Vienna's Institute of Technology, which with comp.
             | eng. and masters in similar fields (just a slight focus
             | shift to, e.g., the modelling/verification side) there's
             | about the same order of magnitudes of students graduating
             | per year too.
             | 
             | Chip foundries do not go where their employees graduate,
             | but where they get gov incentives for building their fabs.
        
             | kuschku wrote:
             | Processor design was a required class during my
             | undergraduate, and from what I've heard several other
             | universities have very similar classes.
        
             | kalleboo wrote:
             | I went to university in Sweden and they promoted a VLSI
             | track
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | It sounds like a chicken / egg problem. We had some in
             | school, as part of the software engineering curriculum. The
             | electrical engineering department probably touched on it as
             | well.
        
           | LatteLazy wrote:
           | It's a dirty, dangerous industry. I imagine that running it
           | in the neatherlands would be more expensive. That's one of
           | the reasons it went abroad in the first place.
        
           | madengr wrote:
           | They probably don't have the manpower. The Asian countries
           | produce hardware engineers at 10x that of the west, and with
           | a much larger population, have a vast talent pool.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | There's no especial reason in a globalized economy for the
           | different parts in a tooling chain to be right next to each
           | other. Germany already makes specialized machine tooling that
           | gets sent all over the world to be actually used, this is
           | just a more specialized example.
           | 
           | The Netherlands is a very dense country with an agricultural
           | economy, and fabs take up a lot of land and dirty a lot of
           | water; but nonetheless, there is already a fab there,
           | belonging to NXP (formerly Philips)
           | https://www.nxp.com/company/about-nxp/worldwide-
           | locations/ne...
        
           | littlecranky67 wrote:
           | Just a supplier of certain machines for the process doesn't
           | make you a successful foundry. I.e. ASML heavily relies on
           | Laser technology by Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen (a German
           | company) - which besides Laser technology is mostly in the
           | sheet metal machine business. Focus on what you can do best,
           | they say.
        
           | kalium-xyz wrote:
           | Philips is fractured and a shadow of its former self. They
           | used to both make the machines and the chips now its ASML and
           | NXP
        
             | berkes wrote:
             | And ASMI too.
             | 
             | Signify is another subsidiary, the former lightning
             | division from Philips.
             | 
             | Philips itself is doing very well in medical equipment. A
             | sensible, sustainable and profitable pivot: in an age where
             | every Chinese factory can churn out toasters or radio's
             | with near zero margins, it makes little sense to remain
             | worlds' leader in toasters or radio's.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | Can't fault that argument. I mean Philips made and
               | invented some nice products - CD's, LED lighting, my
               | wake-up light - but when it comes to production they just
               | can't keep up, and I'm confident the profit margin on
               | electronics like that has completely tanked. Especially
               | when their designs and inventions quickly get copied
               | shamelessly.
               | 
               | Corporate espionage is still a big thing; my girlfriend
               | told me a story about a company presenting their new
               | device at a trade show (iirc it was a jewelry casting
               | machine or something). The Chinese competitor that had a
               | stand not far from them had their stand empty, but on the
               | third day there was a replica of that same casting
               | machine at half the price.
               | 
               | Medical equipment is a lot more specialized and probably
               | harder to duplicate, and maybe more importantly, not a
               | race to the bottom.
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | > in an age where every Chinese factory can churn out
               | toasters or radio's with near zero margins, it makes
               | little sense to remain worlds' leader in toasters or
               | radio's.
               | 
               | Surprise for you, Chinese factory can't run with near
               | zero margins.
               | 
               | Electronics industry been on the downsizing trend in
               | China for the last 10 years.
               | 
               | It now costs less to hire labour in flyover states in
               | USA, than South China.
               | 
               | Chinese factories themselves are rushing to relocate to
               | South Asia.
        
               | berkes wrote:
               | > Surprise for you, Chinese factory can't run with near
               | zero margins.
               | 
               | I am aware of that. But when they can "outsource" most
               | R&D (read: copy or steal IP) a lot of businesses have a
               | very hard time competing against those margins.
               | 
               | For example, when all the costs you make is plastics (raw
               | materials), amortisation on your machines, wages and
               | electricity, and some Ali-express fees, you can compete
               | with a company like Lego easily. Because Lego has those
               | same costs, but also marketing, R&D, legal, QA,
               | distribution and so on.
               | 
               | I'm not saying that any of those are "wrong" per se.
               | Maybe Lego is in the wrong business or on a dead end, and
               | maybe that is not bad: IDK. But I do see why many
               | companies are pulling out of this race-to-the-bottom and
               | either becoming "almost entirely marketing" (Nike,
               | Adidas, etc.) or pivoting to niches with other easier to
               | defend moats, like Philips.
        
               | patentatt wrote:
               | Also what kind of protections do low level employees have
               | in China? If an employee is harmed on the job, does the
               | company have many repercussions? Can employees organize
               | and negotiate as a group? What about healthcare costs? Or
               | taxes? If the factory owner is in with the local
               | government and/or the party, do they have to pay much in
               | the way of taxes? What about public accountability? Are
               | companies publicly listed and subject to financial
               | disclosure rules? It's my second and third-hand
               | understanding that all of these factors contribute to an
               | exceedingly low labor cost in China. I think we enjoy
               | cheap stuff at the cost of supporting a pretty dismal
               | situation for many ordinary Chinese.
        
           | MangoCoffee wrote:
           | different skillset. making equipment and running a profitable
           | fab is like Apple and Orange.
           | 
           | Intel with its years of experiences in semis industry and yet
           | Intel is not in the semis equipment business and Intel was in
           | the very early stage of semis industry.
        
           | skrebbel wrote:
           | Given the amount of money ASML is printing, they could easily
           | build a decent fab that will over time compete directly with
           | eg TSMC. But I doubt they have the balls to compete against
           | their customers, which is a shame.
           | 
           | (by "easily", of course, I mean "super hard but possible").
           | If there's any European company that knows how to source and
           | train people who can operate fabs, it's ASML.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | > But I doubt they have the balls to compete against their
             | customers, which is a shame.
             | 
             | Regulators will block this.
        
               | skrebbel wrote:
               | Why? The EU very much wants to be able to make their own
               | chips. The world is clearly moving towards each bloc
               | wanting to be more self-sufficient.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | There are other semiconductor plants in the EU.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Doesn't have to be ASML itself, they can branch off and
             | start a company near it though and develop close ties to it
             | and the local university.
        
         | dzonga wrote:
         | they can easily do that. that's why I also think Intel will
         | turn things around with it's fabs. You don't need to be
         | manufacturing the latest node chips. Just a couple generations
         | old, will do the trick for automotive, defense and non
         | fashionable electronics.
         | 
         | also somehow people forget chips these days are really
         | powerful.
        
           | eb0la wrote:
           | > also somehow people forget chips these days are really
           | powerful.
           | 
           | Only powerful ;-) ? Just found out some FPGAs have embedded
           | processor cores with them (no need to generate them like in
           | 2000) just because their customers already need that and they
           | have enough gates to use.
           | 
           | Other recent stuff like in the RPI2040 microcontroller is a
           | way to code your own "independent" IO sub-programs that run
           | in parallel by a dedicated procesor that does not interfere
           | in your code.
           | 
           | Hardware never stops to amaze me.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | brnt wrote:
         | This factory won't be purchasing last gen stuff, more like 10
         | year old gen machines (I heard 25ish nm machines).
        
           | kenhwang wrote:
           | Other sources[1] say its 65nm, and the chips won't even be
           | used for automotive purposes.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/business/bosch-
           | opens-...
        
             | nfin wrote:
             | the text says otherwise regarding automotive: "with output
             | of automotive chips to follow from September" (so, you're
             | correct for now until september, but sep. is soon already I
             | would say)
        
             | sorenjan wrote:
             | Here's a source from Bosch themselves saying "up to 65 nm",
             | which I assume means 65 nm as the smallest feature. They're
             | making "Application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs),
             | and power semiconductors" mainly for the automotive
             | industry, so they're probably counting on that being
             | enough. And what a great time to start production.
             | 
             | https://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/de/en/300-mm-
             | wafer-f...
        
           | lallysingh wrote:
           | They'll probably making chips for Bosch parts. IIUC they
           | don't do much advanced computational stuff.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | No ones using last-gen for automotive.
        
           | antattack wrote:
           | Tesla is using Navi 23 RDNA in their new S and X models.
           | That's 7nm chip. NN accelerators will likely move to 16nm or
           | better soon. However, you're right that most automotive chips
           | and power electronics use 180 or 65nm process.
           | 
           | EDIT: Mobile Eye, EyeQ5 ADAS SoC is already 7nm FinFET.
        
           | GloriousKoji wrote:
           | Maybe for computational stuff but older/bigger process nodes
           | are still very capable (and possibly better) for power
           | related things.
        
           | iseanstevens wrote:
           | Most cars still default to incandescent bulbs for many uses.
           | Few cars attempt to understand the situation around them,
           | beyond a rear camera and maybe ultrasonic reverse sensor for
           | parking. Engine control units have gotten more complicated,
           | but unless high end or EV, It's mostly mid 90s tech.
           | Disagree?
        
             | jiofih wrote:
             | I dare you find an incandescent on any car designed in the
             | last five years. It's insanely inefficient.
        
               | cbg0 wrote:
               | I think he's actually talking about halogen bulbs.
        
               | developer93 wrote:
               | And at least in Europe, outlawed since about 10 years
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | coolspot wrote:
           | I was just establishing frame of reference for the investment
           | amout.
           | 
           | 1B is barely news-worthy.
        
       | antattack wrote:
       | Bosch started the project way before chip shortage, around 2017
       | [1] and opening it right on schedule. This is the second factory
       | of this type, good foresight by Germans and EU.
       | 
       | [1]https://www.reuters.com/article/bosch-factory/robert-
       | bosch-t...
        
         | jonplackett wrote:
         | Also will not help with the chip shortage anyway
         | 
         | > The Bosch plant will make specialist power-management chips
         | and Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) that are
         | designed to carry out a single task, such as triggering a car's
         | automatic braking system.
         | 
         | > It will not however address shortages of products like
         | microcontrollers which have forced auto makers to halt
         | production and are expected by industry leaders and analysts to
         | extend into next year.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Capacity is somewhat fungible, so if this enables Bosch to
           | manufacture their ASICs in-house that frees up capacity
           | somewhere else for other devices.
        
             | gnzoidberg wrote:
             | This
        
         | AceJohnny2 wrote:
         | > _good foresight_
         | 
         | I'd call it luck.
         | 
         | I doubt that in the planning stages they could anticipate the
         | auto industry order-then-Pandemic-cancel-then-order-again wave
         | that messed up the logistics of the semiconductor industry.
        
           | _ph_ wrote:
           | The pandemic they couldn't have forseen of course, but it is
           | good management to recognize that having their own production
           | capacity makes them more independant from suppliers. "Modern
           | management" far too often tries to optimize short term cost
           | advantages and completely ignores long term considerations.
           | Which comes of course from public companies reporting quarter
           | numbers, as if those were an indicator how the company works.
           | On the other side, there are decisions, like building your
           | own fab, which increase costs short term, but long term are a
           | huge benefit to the company.
        
           | puchatek wrote:
           | The foresight is more about EVs conquering the car market and
           | what it would take to be part of that value chain
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | The old 40 / 28nm Fab capacity had been in very tight supply
           | for _years_ even before the pandemic hit. This whole
           | semiconductor shortage only happens to caught on by
           | Mainstream Media now as they have a new direction to blame (
           | TSMC ) along with politics of China.
           | 
           | And chip being important to cars has been known for a long
           | time with stories going back to 2013 within the industry. So
           | you can at least infer that Bosch knew this for a long time.
           | This is their second Fab and it was planned in 2017 and
           | confirmed in 2018.
           | 
           | It is like TSMC, all of a sudden _everyone_ talks about it.
           | But in pre-2015 hardly anyone knew them or heard of it. Those
           | that heard of it only thought they Fab chips for Nidia. It
           | was Apple that bring them to the forefront.
           | 
           | Sometimes I just think mainstream media is such an unreliable
           | source of information I am wondering if there are any point
           | reading them at all other than to gather the flow of current
           | society sentiment.
        
             | gameswithgo wrote:
             | What is the mainstream media today? When did they blame
             | TSMC?
             | 
             | I don't know if the media I consume is "mainstream media"
             | but I haven't seen anyone blame TSMC.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | Most of them blamed car manufacturers on improper
               | implementations of JIT manufacturing. Toyota is fine
               | because it has a stockpile of critical parts like
               | semiconductors.
        
             | redis_mlc wrote:
             | > Sometimes I just think mainstream media is such an
             | unreliable source of information
             | 
             | CNN.com is very accurate for current Leftist/Marxist
             | narratives.
             | 
             | Oh, you meant real news - try NTD Media for that on
             | Youtube.
        
             | CrazyPyroLinux wrote:
             | > Sometimes I just think mainstream media is such an
             | unreliable source of information I am wondering if there
             | are any point reading them at all
             | 
             | Bingo. I forget the name for this law/effect, but at some
             | point everyone runs across a story in the mainstream news
             | about which you happen to be more knowledgeable than the
             | author/reporter/"expert guest" and the veil is lifted for a
             | moment and you think "wow they really don't have any idea
             | what they're talking about!" But then they go on to trust
             | the opinion of these same outlets on economics or foreign
             | policy, etc.
             | 
             | > other than to gather the flow of current society
             | sentiment.
             | 
             | Even this I wouldn't trust. Perhaps if you treat it loosely
             | as "the zeitgeist of manufactured consent" or "what They
             | _want_ you to think is the current society sentiment "
        
               | lasagnaphil wrote:
               | The name you're looking for is the Gell-Mann anmesia
               | effect.
        
               | kalium-xyz wrote:
               | Sadly finding good sources is very hard to impossible.
        
             | acjohnson55 wrote:
             | From what I've read in the "mainstream media", TSMC is
             | lauded for playing the king game with their foundry model,
             | and pretty much everyone looks shitty for allowing
             | themselves to become dependent on a single company on a
             | seismically active, geopolitically threatened island.
        
           | toomanybeersies wrote:
           | No, but they likely realised the fragility of the
           | semiconductor supply chain, and anticipated that a whole
           | range of global events could cause logistical problems and
           | shortages.
        
           | antattack wrote:
           | Deterioration of US-China (and US - Europe too) relations
           | might have contributed to to the decision.
           | 
           | Also, at that time it was obvious that power electronics was
           | going to be in high demand, especially of SiC type.
        
           | float4 wrote:
           | It's not about the pandemic or luck. It has to do with
           | strategy, more independence etc.
        
           | lstoll wrote:
           | you don't have to predict that exact scenario to know that
           | domestic semiconductor manufacturing is a good idea.
        
           | igalic wrote:
           | It has nothing to do with the pandemic, but the strategy and
           | investment in reducing reliance on external (to the EU, and
           | Germany in particular) suppliers is not luck.
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | Absolutely. Even with the US, as much as Europe & the US
             | are more aligned than not on geopolitical issues, the last
             | 4-5 years have shown that is not guaranteed to continue
             | indefinitely.
             | 
             | And in terms of the fragility of the world's industrial and
             | economic engines, perhaps this is a realization that
             | globalization has gone too far and the pendulum needs to
             | swing more towards slightly higher self-sufficiency. Not
             | even for some philosophy of anti-globalism, but merely
             | because things are too brittle as they are now.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | Not really luck, most of the western world realizes that
           | having most of the world's chip capacity reside within the
           | zone of control of a repressive regime with incompatible
           | political and humanitarian values is not a good long term
           | scenario. They have planned accordingly.
        
             | emodendroket wrote:
             | Hm, have they though. It seems like they're awfully reliant
             | on TSMC still. And at least some of our planners probably
             | like the tripwire aspect of it because it bolsters Taiwan's
             | geopolitical importance.
        
               | hulitu wrote:
               | > Hm, have they though. It seems like they're awfully
               | reliant on TSMC still.
               | 
               | Well just for your information, they are not. The so
               | called chip shortage is because a Renesas factory which
               | produces microcontrollers burned down. To put this into
               | perspective is like Intel using one of his fabs: you have
               | the motherboard but no processor. Usually changing a
               | component is no big deal but in this case is like a
               | complete redesign.
               | 
               | So i do not see any link here between Bosch and TSMC.(
               | except that they both make "chips").
        
               | makapuf wrote:
               | Do you mean specifically about them or for all
               | microcontroller? STmicro are awfully hard to come by
               | currently.
        
               | gnu8 wrote:
               | 1) China rattles the sabre until everyone is
               | uncomfortable with the world depending on TSMC,
               | increasing economic uncertainty
               | 
               | 2) Other countries build chip foundries to capitalize on
               | the uncertainty
               | 
               | 3) The risk of China provoking world war by reclaiming
               | control over Taiwan reduces to an acceptable level, and
               | they take over
               | 
               | 4) No one cares because the supply of iPhones and Alexas
               | is not disrupted
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | I don't doubt they will see that as a sort of consolation
               | prize, but world discomfort isn't just with chip fabs. I
               | don't think China would deliberately allow this course of
               | action _only_ for Taiwan. That 's not much to get in
               | exchange for being the power of being world's industrial
               | bottle neck.
               | 
               | My guess is that they see this sort of diversification
               | from reliance on China as inevitable. They resist it of
               | course (see 5G equipment in Europe) but their investments
               | throughout the rest of the world paint a picture of
               | supporting developing nations economically to the point
               | that as they grow & prosper, they grow into client states
               | of China.
        
               | tibbydudeza wrote:
               | 4D Chess moves.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | Yes, they have: TSMC is expanding fabs to outside of
               | China's geographic sphere of influence. Even just having
               | one coming into the US should be enough for European
               | China hawks to feel they have a little breathing room,
               | but from that perspective it also won't be enough. As a
               | result, Europe is in fact working right now with TSMC &
               | Samsung to discuss options for advanced fabs.
               | 
               | This actually presents a bit of peril though. China is
               | not going to be thrilled that its industrial influence is
               | on the decline, and the question is "How will they
               | respond?"
               | 
               | We already know part of the response: We can see it play
               | out in the contentious situation regarding adoption of 5G
               | equipment in Europe. There is also the fact that China is
               | investing enormous sums of money in foreign ventures and
               | areas of the developing world, e.g., parts of Africa.
               | These areas may effectively become client states to
               | China.
               | 
               | It is, in some ways, a very interesting response to the
               | failed methods employed by the Soviet Union. There,
               | client states were obtained & held largely through
               | military means. That was done either with the threat of
               | force to client states to keep in line, or military
               | support for regimes or regime change, for example North
               | Vietnam.
               | 
               | Especially having some experience with those endeavors,
               | China has moved on to non-military methods-- economic
               | development. That is probably preferable to the threat
               | massive global conflict, or even just lots of smaller
               | ones, but if you worry about China expanding their values
               | throughout the world, in being more effective it is also
               | more worrying.
               | 
               | Probably about the best thing we can do is the path we
               | have started on: diversification from reliance on China,
               | and our own support in equal or greater measures of the
               | developing world.
               | 
               | I should be clear though: when I talk of expanding
               | China's values as a negative, I always mean that in the
               | political sense of the repressive Chinese government, not
               | the people themselves.
        
               | bakuninsbart wrote:
               | As a German, I think a European policy analogue to what
               | we did under Brandt and following would be optimal.
               | Reliance usually isn't one-sided, China needs us as much
               | as we need them. On strategic issues, we should certainly
               | strive for self-sufficiency, but it simply isn't smart
               | for us to "join a camp".
               | 
               | In contrast to smaller nations, the EU as a whole is too
               | large to ignore even if we aren't following the line of
               | the cold war superpowers. We can do our own thing and
               | cooperate where it suits us.
               | 
               | On another note, your example of Vietnam is pretty
               | ridiculous, as the situation was the other way around -
               | the US invaded and committed genocide in what was
               | originally s one-sided civil war, in the name of "holding
               | the red wave".
               | 
               | Vietnam wasn't a shining example of human rights, but us
               | policy in this case was abysmal and led to the death of
               | millions of people. And the fact that the US speaks
               | volumes about the intention of the population.
        
             | sct202 wrote:
             | Times can change quickly and unpredictably. It was not too
             | long ago that Dresden, where this plant is located, was
             | under the oppressive East German regime.
        
               | flohofwoe wrote:
               | Important to note though that Dresden was already the
               | semiconductor "hotspot" of East Germany (along with Carl
               | Zeiss in Jena which produced the manufacturing
               | equipment).
               | 
               | AMD also had a fab until around 2008 in Dresden.
        
               | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
               | The fab is still there. Just not AMDs anymore, but Global
               | Foundries instead.
        
               | developer93 wrote:
               | Dunno I wouldn't call 32 years all that recent either
        
               | goodcanadian wrote:
               | As my grandmother once said (sometime around her 85th
               | birthday), "You know, in school, in history class, 100
               | years seems like a long time. It's not really."
        
               | bobthechef wrote:
               | As the adage goes, the Church thinks in centuries. Who
               | remembers the Arian crisis today? Things seem bad now?
               | Wait a century or two.
        
               | lb1lf wrote:
               | Reporter: "What do you think the long-term consequences
               | of the French Revolution will be?"
               | 
               | Zhou Enlai: "I believe it is too early to tell."
               | 
               | (This quote, while authentic, is too good to be true -
               | the quote harks from 1972, and in context it is evident
               | they are discussing the 1968 student unrest, not the 1789
               | revolution. Still...)
        
               | bobthechef wrote:
               | Indeed, takes a while for these things to unfold. For
               | example, what we're seeing today is the result of the
               | unfolding of the liberal program initiated centuries
               | earlier. However, not only is taking time to unfold
               | different from predictability, but specific predictions
               | are not the same as general predictions.
               | 
               | It isn't always impossible to make good general
               | predictions. For example, some papal encyclicals have
               | predicted with spot on accuracy the general character of
               | how things will develop long before they did if certain
               | things aren't sorted out. These sorts of predictions, in
               | part, benefit from concerning the unfolding of
               | philosophical (and theological) beliefs, beliefs which
               | contains within themselves their own logical entailments.
               | So these encyclicals weren't predicting particularities
               | like "what will be the stock price of Amazon in 2030" or
               | "who will win the presidency in 2030 and will this
               | president like ham", but rather the general prevailing
               | conditions, attitudes, etc. characterizing future
               | generations and the resulting social order, for example.
        
         | tomytosian wrote:
         | I am not sure why EU? it will benefit germany only.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Germany is playing the _long_ game.
         | 
         | Congrats.
        
           | sonium wrote:
           | I always feel a bit puzzled when one thing is generalized to
           | a the behavior of a Country .
           | 
           | It probably come down to the decision of one guy at Bosch who
           | ultimately made the decision to go ahead with this, and this
           | sounds like it was the democratic decision of an entire
           | population of a country - who mostly don't care what Bosch is
           | up to.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | Oh yes, we like to do that.
           | 
           | Which is why we also need 14 years to build a new, medium
           | sized airport in the capital.
        
             | conjectures wrote:
             | 14 years? Rapid. Brits have spent 14 years on planning
             | permission for Heathrow expansion :D
        
             | NeuroneNetwork wrote:
             | What about cost ? :D
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Come around NRW, there are a couple of highways that are
             | about the same age and still aren't finished. :)
        
               | bipson wrote:
               | Come around to Vorarlberg, Austria - where we talk about
               | building a Highway in the 70ies or 80ies and never even
               | start building it (all with official planning and studies
               | and resident participation and environmental evaluations
               | and public voting and discussions on the suggested
               | variants). It has become a well known joke in the area.
               | 
               | AFAIK we still don't know where it will be built, but
               | there has been some progress... EDIT: They agreed upon
               | where! But they don't know when and holding another forum
               | due to public outcry over the chosen path... sigh.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, Switzerland built the connection ~40 years ago
               | [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://goo.gl/maps/xNEp622mFP73Bewy5
        
               | dao- wrote:
               | The potential upside of delaying highway construction by
               | a few decades is that you could, in theory, reconsider
               | whether it's still a good idea. Of course that's usually
               | not what's going to happen, and most likely the project
               | will be pushed through anyway when there's hardly any
               | public support left for it, as with Berlin's infamous
               | A100 extension cutting through the city.
        
               | bipson wrote:
               | Oh, I"m all for not building highways at all and pushing
               | the alternatives (e.g. public transport, cargo on rails).
               | 
               | But this is a special situation, a really small gap
               | between the Swiss highway and the Austrian/German
               | highway, so transit had to go through the villages and
               | clogging up everything at the bottlenecks along the
               | border (or in Hochst, Hard, Bregenz, Lustenau, Hohenems,
               | Feldkirch etc.)
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | It looks like they have to bridge 5km/3mi? Sure, there's
               | one bridge involved, but that's an awfully short distance
               | to plan for 40 years.
        
               | bipson wrote:
               | At the narrowest point it would be ~2km, but this variant
               | has not been considered for years...
               | 
               | The variant that (at the time) is supposed to be built
               | would be 8.6km.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | I guess burocracy is the same everywhere.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Singapore is pretty efficient.
        
               | rvnx wrote:
               | Estonia as well, everything online, very fast turnaround,
               | all documents available electronically for everyone to
               | see
        
             | bobthechef wrote:
             | Oh yes, I recall the absolute silliness like glaring safety
             | issues, doors that wouldn't fit, bad ventilation,
             | construction.
             | 
             | But hey, if this pans out, Berlin can still be an okay
             | local airport: https://www.businessinsider.com/first-look-
             | new-transport-hub...
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | It's fun to point at Berlin Brandenburg and laugh, but it's
             | not a medium sized airport.
             | 
             | 2 runways, 3 terminals, room for expansion for 2 more
             | terminals. Capacity for 27 million passengers per year,
             | going up to 50 million once expanded.
             | 
             | Compared to the absolute largest airports in the world
             | (around 100 million passengers per year), yes, it's
             | "medium". But it would be in the top 10 airports in Europe
             | and still something like top 50 in the world, over time.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Well, technically we just talking the new terminal. The
               | runways were always there ad part of Berlin Schonefeld.
        
               | carlmr wrote:
               | Now we're working on restricting short distance air
               | travel within Europe, meaning large airports like this
               | one may become too costly to keep running, if it can't be
               | utilized enough.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Restrict how? You'll never restrict it to Eastern Europe,
               | for example. Eastern Europe has almost no high speed
               | rail, so if you cut off "short" flights, travel that
               | would take 4 hours by plane (1 hour to the starting
               | airport, 1 hour in the airport, 1 hour flight, 1 hour
               | from the destination airport) would become 8-12-16+ hours
               | by train for many places.
        
               | carlmr wrote:
               | https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/flight-rail-four-
               | hours-...
               | 
               | Right now it's still only France, but German politicians
               | are talking about adopting a similar strategy.
               | 
               | The French model actually aims to ban flights that have a
               | sub 4h train connection. Meaning the Eastern European
               | nations without high speed rail would have fewer flights
               | affected if this becomes EU policy.
               | 
               | It would cut a lot of flights to neighboring countries,
               | and domestically in Germany.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | That's the minority of flights, even today
               | 
               | Quite simply, if you're under 4h train connection you're
               | far enough to justify a flight.
               | 
               | BER is pretty safe on flight numbers.
        
               | rjzzleep wrote:
               | It's actually amusing because the airport lobbyists were
               | responsible for cuts in train infrastructure funding in
               | Germany. Reminds me a bit of how Germany killed it's
               | fiber investment to accomodate for private cable TV back
               | in the day.
        
               | andrewxdiamond wrote:
               | Interesting that this model incentivizes railroads to
               | build more.
               | 
               | A railroad investor could look at existing flights and
               | accurately project how many passengers they can expect,
               | since flights would be blocked the second they open their
               | carriage doors.
        
               | borjah wrote:
               | Spain has also a similar policy in the works. For travels
               | that are covered by train and are 2.5h or less, no plane
               | travel is allowed.
        
               | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
               | I'd say this development would rather cause fewer small
               | airports in Germany and hence benefit hubs like BER that
               | are being reached by train. overall though it'll cause
               | fewer air travellers as domestic air transport is
               | breaking away. then again more international air travel
               | will move from smaller German airports to BER.
        
               | carlmr wrote:
               | True, that's a good point.
        
               | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
               | the way you put it makes it sound that medium is quite
               | apt - possibly even an exaggeration.
               | 
               | According to [1] and [2] it wouldn' even make the top 50.
               | 
               | As a German I feel insulted by the whole affair. It's
               | ridiculous how incompetent and corrupt this project was
               | managed.
               | 
               | 1: https://gettocenter.com/airports/top-100-airports-in-
               | world 2:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport
        
               | bobthechef wrote:
               | As I posted in another reply, it can still function as a
               | local airport if this project works out:
               | https://www.businessinsider.com/first-look-new-transport-
               | hub...
        
             | xcambar wrote:
             | Which also opened right on time before the pandemics, so
             | that it feels huge since there was almost zero circulation.
        
               | myspy wrote:
               | Oh, I didn't know that it has finally opened.
               | 
               | Good foresight by Bosch.
        
               | rob74 wrote:
               | if you want to create the impression that it was
               | intentional, you can call it a "soft launch"...
        
               | fnord123 wrote:
               | Do you mean circulation as in air-flow? Or circulation as
               | in traffic?
               | 
               | I don't know about German but French speakers will often
               | use circulation for traffic because it's a false friend.
        
               | morelisp wrote:
               | I suspect in this case it's a false friend - ironically
               | one of the major problems blocking the opening of the
               | airport was actually zero (air) circulation.
               | 
               |  _Several engineering and electronics companies, led by
               | the German giants Siemens and Bosch, struggled to retain
               | control over the complex fire protection system that
               | included 3,000 fire doors, 65,000 sprinklers, thousands
               | of smoke detectors, a labyrinth of smoke evacuation
               | ducts, and the equivalent of 55 miles of cables.
               | 
               | "Our part, the detection of hot air or smoke ... is
               | functioning," says Thilo Resenhoeft, a Bosch spokesman.
               | "The responsibility for the dysfunction lies with
               | somebody else." Siemens spokesman Oliver Santen confirms
               | that the company was originally responsible for building
               | the "automated fire protection facility" and "the control
               | unit for fresh-air circulation." Testing in 2013 "showed
               | the need for reworking part of the system," he says.
               | Santen declines to attribute responsibility other than to
               | say that Siemens is "responsible for the reconstruction
               | of the fresh-air circulation system."_
               | 
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-07-23/how-
               | berli...
               | 
               | (The issue was not fixed until 2019. Quite disappointed,
               | we didn't even get a Murder Horse out of it.)
        
               | midasuni wrote:
               | "Right on time"
               | 
               | It was originally scheduled to open in 2007
        
             | pistoriusp wrote:
             | Totally. "German efficiency" is great marketing, but it's
             | completely false.
             | 
             | *edit: "completely false" isn't helpful here.
             | 
             | The stereotype of German efficiency is based on centuries
             | old reputation, but not really representative of present
             | day Germans.
             | 
             | https://www.dw.com/en/german-efficiency-the-roots-of-a-
             | stere...
        
               | sambe wrote:
               | I'm not sure about "completely false". The article is
               | mostly about the history of the stereotype, and ends with
               | a couple of examples of things that were not as efficient
               | as they could have been. I don't think anybody is
               | claiming perfect efficiency.
        
               | pistoriusp wrote:
               | Agree, "completely false" is a stretch on my part, but
               | stereotypes are broad and mostly unhelpful, and this was
               | a response to that.
               | 
               | Maybe a better way to express it is:
               | 
               | The stereotype of German efficiency is based on centuries
               | old reputation, but not really representative of present
               | day Germans.
        
               | JauntyHatAngle wrote:
               | I don't see any evidence you've provided to show present
               | day Germans are not efficient as a tendency.
               | 
               | Anecdotally, from working and living in Germany, I've
               | very much noticed that Germans are better with time
               | management, and work shorter hours and get more done
               | compared with my home country (Australia).
               | 
               | I'd be surprised to see contrary evidence, though it's
               | certainly a possibility. But the article you linked does
               | not appear to demonstrate much of substance in terms of
               | present day productivity.
               | 
               | Stereotypes can be damaging, sure, but when discussing
               | certain aspects of a culture they can be true and based
               | on cultural norms. I don't think we should broadly
               | dismiss them when used in the right context, and not in a
               | discriminatory fashion.
        
               | Bayart wrote:
               | From working with Germans, I have not noticed any real
               | difference in work patterns or efficiency compared to my
               | home country (France). I doubt there's much variance
               | accross Europe as a whole. It seems their reputation _in
               | that respect_ is empty. Though I 've notice cultural
               | traits that do have some reality behind it (being
               | sticklers for rules).
        
               | verst wrote:
               | As a German living outside of Germany for 15 years I have
               | an interesting perspective on this:
               | 
               | The rule-following in a work setting is all about risk
               | mitigation and rules tend to help with that. Similarly
               | for following established processes. I know this is
               | pretty annoying but at least I'd argue the status of work
               | is transparent and the outcome reliable (even if it may
               | take a long time because too many hypotheticals were
               | considered). The unstructured working style of the US can
               | certainly drive a German a bit crazy at times :)
               | 
               | In a social setting rules are also enforced to ensure
               | that you don't negatively impact the personal enjoyment
               | of others. For example, no mowing your lawn on Sundays so
               | everyone can enjoy a quiet peaceful day. No talking
               | loudly at your table in a restaurant so you don't bother
               | the other diners etc
               | 
               | Compared to the US I find Germans and French to be fairly
               | similar with the difference being that French are more
               | relaxed in attitude but definitely complain even more
               | than Germans haha
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | Spaniard here. Stereotypes are bullshit.
               | 
               | - We are not lazy.
               | 
               | - Not everyone in the country does siesta. We just have
               | _lunch_.
               | 
               | - There is no Sun everywhere. The North is rainier than
               | the UK. And the sky is as much as gray, if not more.
               | 
               | - There is no Mediterranean climate everywhere.
               | 
               | - Catholicism plummeted since Franco's death.
        
               | JauntyHatAngle wrote:
               | I think you may have misunderstood my post somewhat.
               | 
               | But to respond directly to you, a stereotype typecasting
               | an entire country to lazy is damaging and not
               | particularly useful unless you want to insult someone.
               | 
               | However handwaving away trends in cultures as a
               | stereotype can also result in missing important facets,
               | e.g. Burn out in Japanese work culture.
               | 
               | Are Germans more "efficient"? Idk, let's look at some
               | data and try to nut out whether it checks out.
               | 
               | If it is, would be nice to know what aspects make it so.
               | Though it's usually not simple.
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | >Are Germans more "efficient"? Idk, let's look at some
               | data and try to nut out whether it checks out.
               | 
               | It's more complex than that. In Spain the "presentismo"
               | (being in-place ,in your office, _phisically_ in your
               | seat) it 's taken from the middle manager/boss as a
               | religion. Thus, productiviy is halved even if we work
               | even more than you than average.
               | 
               | And, yes, OFC, this was a big issue because of the Covid
               | and remote work over the internet.
        
               | losvedir wrote:
               | > Not everyone in the country does siesta. We just have
               | lunch.
               | 
               | Obviously nothing is universal. But to an American
               | visiting Spain the hours of operation there are striking!
               | I only visited Madrid and Sevilla, but I found that
               | restaurants and many stores were open much later than I
               | was accustomed to (my hometown mostly shuts down around
               | 8pm or 9pm, for example), and the fact that anything was
               | closed around lunch was very odd! It definitely gave a
               | fun "flavor" to my trip that was quite different from,
               | say, Singapore.
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | That's because of Franco's timezone shift: we were
               | shifted to GMT+1 because the fascist dictator loved
               | Germany. Odd because the Greenwich meridian crosses half
               | of Spain in Aragon.
        
               | AshamedCaptain wrote:
               | Not really. The difference between eastern Spain and
               | southern France is already striking and they are on the
               | same meridian and same timezone. Its not hard for me to
               | see a shop that closes at 9pm in Spain, then move 50km
               | north and find exactly the same brand shop closing at 6pm
               | in France (E.g. fnac), practically with midday sun on
               | summer.
               | 
               | Lately France is getting a bit more of the delay too,
               | with shops opening at 10 and closing at 19.
        
               | kaybe wrote:
               | I think it's informative to look at the location of a
               | place within a timezone. Between the eastern and the
               | western edge of a timezone you can have more than an hour
               | of shift in daylight (in the broader zones), of course
               | people's rhythms will be shifted.
        
               | pistoriusp wrote:
               | Right, this sort of thing is difficult because it's not
               | evidence based. It's entirely subjective and anecdotal as
               | compared to your past experiences in Australia, or mine
               | in my own home country.
               | 
               | You come from a country where trains are ALWAYS VERY
               | LATE, Germany is efficient because the trains are just a
               | little late.
               | 
               | OR
               | 
               | You come from a country where the trains are ALWAYS ON
               | TIME, Germany is inefficient because the trains are just
               | a little late.
               | 
               | What I do think is interesting is that people think
               | German's are efficient. Where does that come from? That's
               | what the article is about.
        
               | JauntyHatAngle wrote:
               | To be clear, I've looked at these assumptions before as a
               | comparison, and from the sources I read at the time,
               | Germany did have less hours compared to Australia, by a
               | lot.
               | 
               | Social studies have too many variables to strongly
               | conclude exactly why, and I'm not coming out with great
               | sources here (om phone), but it does appear that Germany
               | works far less than Australia, US, Mexico etc.
               | 
               | https://www.instarem.com/blog/are-you-working-more-than-
               | you-...
               | 
               | Some of it is likely wealth. But some of it is definitely
               | cultural attitudes to work.
        
               | nobodyandproud wrote:
               | Modern Spain has a problem of workers overworking, if I
               | recall.
        
               | morelisp wrote:
               | My feeling as a foreigner in Germany is that in some ways
               | it's its own curse. Germany does still have the economic
               | and political structures to rise to meet the stereotype.
               | But at the same time the myth means people in charge
               | often assume said "efficiency" will just magically happen
               | without anyone being responsible or putting in effort.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | jansan wrote:
           | Bosch is a privately owned company, which means they can act
           | independently of the stock market. This always helps with
           | making long term decisions.
        
             | mojuba wrote:
             | Bosch is NOT strictly a privately owned company. It's a so
             | called steward company majority owned by a non-profit trust
             | so you could say they are nobody's. Profits never leave the
             | company and that's why they can plan long-term and are
             | generally pretty stable and resilient.
        
             | Loic wrote:
             | Better than privately owned, they are owned by a foundation
             | and are known to not only think long term, but also short
             | term for their workers.
             | 
             | In France, some years ago, they closed a plant producing
             | automotive parts, but they kept all the employees,
             | retrained them and started producing solar panel
             | components. It was pretty incredible as at the same time,
             | French companies were just laying off brutally.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | It's emphasizing that employees are their primary
               | resource, and retaining that resource is more important
               | than anything. Contrast this with the US' approach to
               | employees that sees them as expendable and replaceable -
               | showing now in the crisis / memes that restaurants can't
               | get enough staff because they don't pay enough / people
               | aren't desperate enough.
        
               | lb1lf wrote:
               | -In all fairness, though, the latter approach isn't
               | unique to the US; Norwegian papers have run a lot of
               | stories lately about business X or Y being up in arms
               | about the labour shortage, amplified by COVID because of
               | travel restrictions limiting access to cheap labour from
               | abroad.
               | 
               | However the issue isn't really that they cannot find
               | labour - it is that they cannot find labour at a cost
               | which makes their current business model sustainable.
               | (Mostly an issue in labour intensive, seasonal sectors
               | relying on unskilled labour - agriculture, aquaculture,
               | restaurants...)
               | 
               | Essentially, the gripe is 'If we paid our employees a
               | decent wage, we'd be out of business.'
               | 
               | Sigh.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | To those migrant workers, what they're getting might well
               | be a decent wage. Meanwhile the jobs of "real" Norwegians
               | such as the farmers you mention and their supply chain
               | depend on that business model too.
               | 
               | It's funny how depriving foreigners of their livelihood
               | is so often pitched as being for their own good.
        
               | lb1lf wrote:
               | -Fair point (matter of fact, I considered including a
               | paragraph about that) - but the situation now is that for
               | reasons outside their control, the migrant labour is not
               | available, and the system as is cannot handle either
               | paying the going rate for 'normal' work to fresh hires in
               | that sector OR find enough 'real' (for lack of a better
               | term) Norwegians willing -or even able to- to accept work
               | at the wage offered.
               | 
               | For instance, with wages being as they are, many
               | unemployed people would get less payout working full time
               | in the agricultural sector than they would just sitting
               | at home receiving unemployment benefits (at slightly less
               | than 2/3 of their former wage).
               | 
               | The result being, of course, that whatever labour does
               | show up tends to be less than fully motivated, adding to
               | the employers' woes and reluctance to hire them in the
               | first place.
               | 
               | I don't mind migrant labour at all; what I do mind is the
               | idea that when the labour pool shrinks drastically,
               | employers still try to avoid the obvious solution to
               | attract labour - by increasing wages, if only
               | temporarily.
               | 
               | These are extraordinary times (one can but hope), and
               | extraordinary short-term measures to counter that doesn't
               | seem unreasonable.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Seasonal migrant workers in UK agricultural sector often
               | make next to nothing and are seriously misled and
               | exploited, to the point where I think it should be
               | considered fraud.
               | 
               | We recruit folks from Romania promising them a decent
               | wage, say $10 and hour, and they are typically naive
               | folks straight out of school. Part of the contract is
               | that they are provided with lodging, food, etc. Then they
               | realise that after getting charged $50 for living in a
               | tent and other "charges" they actually make like $10 a
               | day.
               | 
               | The sceme basically provided a steady supply of serfs to
               | pick fruit, and noone in britain would sign up for this.
               | 
               | Other cases are less egrigeous, but even in skilled work,
               | the employee may realise the opportunity is not great,
               | but depends on the job for visa and so decide to put up
               | with it untill they can get permanent right to stay. Its
               | not a terrible deal, but it wouldnt work for 'natives'
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Yeah, I guess they've changed this recently, but a bunch
               | of years back they were recruiting even university
               | students.
               | 
               | I imagine that backfired since those are, you know,
               | educated, motivated and the vast majority speak English,
               | so at least a bunch of them figured out how to contact
               | authorities.
               | 
               | I wouldn't be surprised if recent batches are from less
               | educated segments.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Oh I understand there are abuses, but what we need to do
               | is crack down on those abuses. Address the actual
               | problem. Too often they're used as an excuse to justify
               | much broader action.
               | 
               | I have skin in this game because I'm married to a former
               | migrant worker who started off over here working in
               | restaurants and coffee shops, and have a niece who's
               | currently here in the UK as a student. She completes her
               | studies this summer and is taking up her 2 year work visa
               | for graduates.
        
               | throwaway210222 wrote:
               | Most migrant workers, especially those from outside the
               | EU, consider seasonal/migrant work and studying as a
               | stepping stone to residence and later citizenship.
               | 
               | They all know that once they are inside the borders, its
               | harder for the authorities to deport them.
               | 
               | Its basically the price to pay for a shot at first world
               | lifestyle.
               | 
               | The last thing most of them want is a crackdown.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | "They all know that once they are inside the borders, its
               | harder for the authorities to deport them"
               | 
               | Deportation doesn't come into this, that's only relevant
               | once you've broken the law or overstayed your visa.
               | 
               | The game is about meeting criteria for a visa route, and
               | doing seasonal work does not help in any way. Having a UK
               | degree enables you to get a job here easier, but thats
               | about it.
               | 
               | In UK, if you are switching from a short-term to long-
               | term visa you have to leave the country and apply for a
               | visa again from outside the country.
               | 
               | Even if you are applying from inside the country, the
               | home office does not hesitate to reject applications for
               | the tiniest reasons. Once that happens, some people might
               | go to court if they have the money and ground to dispute
               | the decision, if your lot in your home country is really
               | bad you might stay illegally, but for the vast majority
               | neither option is worth it and they move on.
               | 
               | Whether you are pro or against immigration, it's unclear
               | why unscurpulous employer should be the ones to benefit
               | from this arrangement
        
               | throwaway210222 wrote:
               | >> if [you perceive] your lot in your home country is
               | really bad you might stay illegally.
               | 
               | Yes, that is precisely the route.
               | 
               | The billions (like moi) in the third world have realised
               | that the _longer_ they violate the immigration laws, the
               | better their chances of having some activist argue their
               | right to stay.
               | 
               | Their is no other law/regulation that I know of where the
               | _longer_ you violate the law, the more rights your have.
               | 
               | Which is exactly why the boat arrivals to Australia dried
               | up once the processing was moved outside the jurisdiction
               | of Australian law.
               | 
               | They were on to us.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Can we please stop lumping together refugees and
               | immigrants? This is borderline vulgar, students in uk
               | paid 60K for a degree, noone pays that kind of money to
               | become an illegal without rights to work or healthcare.
               | Becoming illegal immigrant is certanly not a ticket to
               | "first world lifestyle"
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Their is no other law/regulation that I know of where
               | the longer you violate the law, the more rights your
               | have.
               | 
               | I suggest you research "adverse possession", and
               | "easement by prescription"; if you view nation-states and
               | their territory as analogous to persons and their real
               | property, they are quite similar concepts to what you
               | seem to view as unique.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | It very much depends on what you're cracking down on.
               | Extortion, deceptive practices, human trafficking, modern
               | slavery sure. Students working in coffee shops? Not so
               | much, but these issues are often deliberately conflated.
        
               | Glawen wrote:
               | And they were laid off because Bosch closed their solar
               | panel business a few years later
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Doesn't change the fact they tried. More then most other
               | companies usually do.
        
             | namdnay wrote:
             | Amazon has taken pretty long term decisions, despite being
             | public
             | 
             | I think it's just a question of leadership
        
               | lb1lf wrote:
               | -But management takes their cues from stockholders, and
               | it would be a very hard sell indeed to convince
               | stockholders that a decision resulting in lower profit in
               | the short term but improve it long term should be made.
               | 
               | Hence companies which are either not publicly traded
               | (like Bosch) or is majority owned by someone or other
               | (like Amazon) is much more likely to be able to make long
               | term decisions - as they are not always geared towards
               | getting the most impressive earnings during the current
               | quarter to satisfy stockholders.
        
               | jansan wrote:
               | 20 years is not very long term. Kepp in mind that Bosch
               | was founded in 1886. If Amazon keeps up like this for the
               | next one hundred years, I will fully agree with you.
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | While Amazon is technically a public company, more than
               | 50 % of shares are owned by the founder and consequently
               | the control isn't split across a larger group of people.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Where do you got your 'more than 50%' from?
               | 
               | The Internet says Jeff Bezos has a bit more than 10%.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | Swabians have been playing the long game for centuries.
        
           | eb0la wrote:
           | I dont' think it is as "long" game as it seems: Bosch brags
           | about they _make_ cars and their customer just _assemble_
           | them. If they 're able to send you a complete solution that
           | includes sensors, connectivity, etc... they are doing their
           | customer's life easier and raising the entry barrier for the
           | competition.
        
       | justicezyx wrote:
       | The article has no details of the plants technology.
       | 
       | Anyone here has more information about the projected products and
       | other technical detail
        
       | jollybean wrote:
       | It seems like a smart move: do something safer to start to
       | provide domestic supply.
       | 
       | But it also provides a stepping point for something more more
       | aggressive if that's the future they want to move in.
       | 
       | The UK, given Brexit, needs to make at least 2 moves like this.
       | 
       | And the US needs to make 5.
        
       | bellyfullofbac wrote:
       | The last 3 paragraphs confirms what I think is the most
       | interesting point:
       | 
       | > The Bosch plant, which received 200 million euros ($243
       | million) in state aid under a European Union investment scheme,
       | will start making chips for power tools in July, with output of
       | automotive chips to follow from September.
       | 
       | > "The state-of-the-art technology in Bosch's new semiconductor
       | factory in Dresden shows what outstanding results can be achieved
       | when industry and government join forces," said European
       | Commission Vice-President Margrethe Vestager.
       | 
       | > Kroeger said Bosch supported a broader strategic push by
       | Brussels to revive Europe's semiconductor industry. A recently
       | unveiled plan targets doubling the region's share of global chip
       | production to 20% by 2030.
       | 
       | I saw a Guardian headline the other day that said Biden's mission
       | at the G7 meeting is to find allies for a new Cold War against
       | China[1], but the USA isn't actually a reliable partner for the
       | EU, what with Trump 2024 a scenario they can't even rule out yet
       | (thanks to the obstructionist party still being very influential
       | and working very hard to disenfranchise voters). So it makes
       | sense for the EU to ramp up chip production.
       | 
       | Interestingly for Bosch or other tech companies, it's probably a
       | no-lose scenario, the EU money will probably keep coming for
       | them.
       | 
       | [1] I DDGed "Biden new cold war" but the results are headlines
       | that say he's accelerating it...
        
         | fidesomnes wrote:
         | > thanks to the obstructionist party still being very
         | influential and working very hard to disenfranchise voters.
         | 
         | Fantastic. Thanks for reminding me to vote for them a third
         | time in a row.
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | Curious you're focusing on US (politics) and not
         | China/Taiwan/SEA... is that really relevant considering they
         | have enough capital and Germany has plenty of manufacturing?
         | 
         | The only thing relevant for the US re risking starting this
         | niche is brain drain and talent. The market is always growing,
         | they already have vertical demand (power tools and simple car
         | chips), and new more-local competition can never be dismissed.
         | 
         | It always comes down to the people at the end of the day. Your
         | 2nd paragraph quote where they are declaring this a successful
         | example of public/private just because the factory was built is
         | a bit concerning to me. They've mearly just begun.
        
           | antattack wrote:
           | This is a second Bosch' plant of this type so they know what
           | they will be getting out of it.
           | 
           | Plus chip shortage/supply chain disruption makes it even more
           | valuable.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | > The only thing relevant for the US re risking starting this
           | niche is brain drain and talent.
           | 
           | That's unlikely due to extremely high taxes in the EU for
           | individuals. People who know their stuff tend to migrate
           | where they get more in return for their talents.
        
             | sangnoir wrote:
             | What I pay for in medical insurance and routine medical
             | expenses pushes me is just about equal to the difference
             | between my current US taxes and European tax rates - and
             | I'm a fairly healthy person with no chronic conditions.
             | 
             | Frankly, I don't see the point of celebrating the fact that
             | my money is going to private companies as premiums/co-
             | payments rather than to the central government as taxes,
             | while getting worse medical outcomes for it (with a risk of
             | medical bankruptcy).
        
               | varispeed wrote:
               | When you have more complex health problems, you'll notice
               | though that you still have to use private healthcare,
               | because state provided is next to useless.
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | Taking what you said at face value - this doesn't give an
               | advantage to either system when it comes to the minority
               | of people who have complex health problems. In practice,
               | European private healthcare is likely to have more price
               | transparency and cheaper costs due to the pricing of
               | procedures and medical consumables having been
               | negotiated/capped by a government agency or an
               | independent body.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Hmm. Admittedly it was a long time ago buy I moved from a
             | (then) EU country to the US and from my perspective taxes
             | are about the same. And in the US we have to pay for a
             | bunch of stuff that is government funded in EU.
        
             | jgeada wrote:
             | When I moved to the US my nominal salary tripled but my
             | quality of life dropped noticeably. The first part I knew
             | going in, the 2nd part came as a total surprise.
             | 
             | Taxes actually come out about the same when you add the
             | multitude of separate tax systems in the US (federal
             | income, social security/medicare, state, local), and then
             | in the US additionally have to pay extra for things that
             | are paid by taxes in Europe, health care being the biggest
             | such expense.
             | 
             | And then there is the expectation of working 24/7, nobody
             | has much vacation and nobody takes what they get, etc etc
             | etc. Yeah, quality of life for Americans is nowhere
             | comparable to Europeans, unless you're in the "I no longer
             | work for money, my money works for money" set.
        
             | lstoll wrote:
             | I migrated from the EU to the US, but then realised that
             | once everything was factored in (medical, car, housing,
             | cost of living) the taxes were actually worth it, so I
             | moved back to the EU.
        
               | passerby1 wrote:
               | Did you compare EU to Singapore or Thailand in terms of
               | tax and the life cost?
        
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