[HN Gopher] Building the First GUIs
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       Building the First GUIs
        
       Author : zdw
       Score  : 43 points
       Date   : 2021-06-08 14:39 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (computer.rip)
 (TXT) w3m dump (computer.rip)
        
       | Sniffnoy wrote:
       | Note, the previous post referenced (but not linked) in the text
       | appears to be this: https://computer.rip/2021-05-24-dialogs-not-
       | taken.html
        
       | coliveira wrote:
       | > The thing is, CP/M and DOS were both primitive operating
       | systems by modern standards. CP/M and DOS were not multi-tasking.
       | 
       | One of the reasons is that the first Intel processor to support
       | multi-tasking was 386. When DOS was created, there was no
       | hardware support for multiprocessing and virtual memory.
        
         | msla wrote:
         | > One of the reasons is that the first Intel processor to
         | support multi-tasking was 386.
         | 
         | Not quite. The 80286 was not a good CPU, but it could do
         | multitasking:
         | 
         | https://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/80286/index.html
         | 
         | > The second generation of x86 16-bit processors, Intel 80286,
         | was released in 1982. The major new feature of the 80286
         | microprocessor was protected mode. When switched to this mode,
         | the CPU could address up to 16 MB of operating memory (previous
         | generation of 8086/8088 microprocessors was limited to 1 MB).
         | In the protected mode it was possible to protect memory and
         | other system resources from user programs - this feature was
         | necessary for real program multitasking. There were many
         | operating systems that utilized the 80286 protected mode: OS/2
         | 1.x, Venix, SCO Xenix 286, and others. While this mode was
         | useful for multitasking operating systems, it was of limited
         | use for systems that required execution of existing x86
         | programs. The protected mode couldn't run multiple virtual 8086
         | programs, and had other limitations as well:
         | 
         | > 80286 was a 16-bit microprocessor. Although in protected mode
         | the CPU could address up to 16 MB of memory, this was
         | implemented using memory segments. Maximum size of memory
         | segment was still 64 KB.
         | 
         | > There was no fast and reliable way to switch back to real
         | mode from protected mode.
         | 
         | More about OS/2 on the 80286:
         | 
         | https://www.landley.net/history/mirror/os2/history/os210/ind...
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | I wonder when we'll see the _last_ GUIs, and everything will be
       | speech-based.
        
         | fellowniusmonk wrote:
         | I've always thought the last interface would effectively be
         | notepad/text.
         | 
         | As long as there are minds there will be text.
         | 
         | As long as text can be complex we will have to consume it in
         | blocks and probably visually (or the direct brain interface
         | equivalent)
        
           | TuringTest wrote:
           | You may want to check this beautiful (yet expensive) beast
           | ;-)
           | 
           | https://remarkable.com/
        
         | kQq9oHeAz6wLLS wrote:
         | I dread that moment, if it ever happens. Imagine being on the
         | subway or in a cafe with a dozen people talking to their
         | devices. And say goodbye to privacy; everyone will know what
         | you're doing.
        
           | reaperducer wrote:
           | Considering the number of people I've seen on buses and
           | trains shouting "OP-ER-AY-TOR!" into an IVR system, we're
           | already halfway there.
        
         | jasonhong wrote:
         | > I wonder when we'll see the last GUIs, and everything will be
         | speech-based
         | 
         | The answer is never. The reason is that different kinds of UIs
         | are effective for different kinds of tasks.
         | 
         | I can't remember who I heard this from, but they asked the
         | audience to imagine a speech-based steering wheel for cars.
         | "Turn left... more... more... MORE!!! LESS! LESS!"
         | 
         | Speech also has problems with sensitive data in public places
         | ("Please enter in your password" or "Your stock portfolio is
         | now worth ..."), has problems with noise, and can also
         | interfere with some parts of your cognitive processes. In
         | addition, speech is serial, which means that you can pretty
         | much only process one stream at a time. Contrast this with a
         | web page that you can skim, or a visualization that can show a
         | lot of data.
         | 
         | Different kinds of interactions have different tradeoffs.
         | Speech is good for some tasks, and not very good for others.
        
         | monocasa wrote:
         | I don't know that speech will kill GUIs (your eyes allow much
         | higher bandwidth than your ears), but direct neural interfaces
         | might.
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | _I wonder when we 'll see the last GUIs, and everything will be
         | speech-based._
         | 
         | Not in our lifetimes.
         | 
         | People have been promising speech recognition since at least
         | the late 70's. Today's "digital assistants" are little more
         | than parlor tricks, on those occasions when they work.
         | 
         | They don't seem much more accurate than my old Covox
         | Voicemaster.
        
           | yoz-y wrote:
           | They are quite accurate. But most things we do on computers
           | are things we want to look up and see. Text is scannable, a
           | voice message is not. You can pan and zoom in a map, but not
           | in dictated instructions. Listening to books and articles is
           | fine, but you want to see a movie.
        
         | TuringTest wrote:
         | Never, because speech is a terribly ambiguous and low-bandwidth
         | communication technique to transfer technical information and
         | commands. Not to mention that it is terribly inconvenient if
         | several people in the same room use it at the same time.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jarmitage wrote:
       | When I get asked to give talks about interaction design I show
       | Figure 3 from Kay and Goldberg's Personal Dynamic Media (1977)
       | [1], with the "interim Dynabook" part of the caption redacted,
       | and ask the students to fill in the blank. They usually guess
       | "personal computer" and are then shocked to learn the actual
       | framing and the overall backstory.
       | 
       | [1]
       | http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.656...
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | I'm not sure I understand. What would you expect them to guess?
         | What are they shocked at?
        
       | Rochus wrote:
       | > _The modern GUI, as we understand it, can be attributed almost
       | entirely to the work of Douglas Engelbart._
       | 
       | Sketchpad by Ivan Sutherland was released in 1963, see e.g.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad. The NORAD/SAGE display
       | systems which had light pens as pointing devices were even older.
        
       | ecpottinger wrote:
       | Amiga, GEOS, GEM. If you want to talk about the early GUIs you
       | can start with Xerox I think, but Apple was not the only one back
       | then.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_graphical_user_...
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | Indeed, the genesis of GEM was with Lee Jay Lorenzen who left
         | Xerox to come to DR after he tried to pitch a light version of
         | the Star's GUI that would run on PC-class hardware. So although
         | there was obviously a lot copied from the Mac there was also a
         | lot that came from his experience at Xerox.
         | 
         | Here's his presentation of his prototype, in 1982, quite a
         | while before the Mac or Lisa were released:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMBGRZftS30
        
       | fellowniusmonk wrote:
       | Is there a growing sense that our GUI/UI paradigms took a wrong
       | step somewhere in CS history and we've pushed the current UI path
       | as far as it will go?
       | 
       | Is it only because I myself am building an alternate OS interface
       | or has this become a popular subject of conversation?
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | > Is there a growing sense that our GUI/UI paradigms took a
         | wrong step somewhere in CS history and we've pushed the current
         | UI path as far as it will go?
         | 
         | Well, there are two conflated problems here:
         | 
         | 1) The GUI and interacting with humans, itself.
         | 
         | I don't think we've even scratched the surface here. I'm not a
         | big fan of the Instagram/TikTok "HAH! Everything is hidden,
         | Boomer! If you aren't spending 5 hours a day with our
         | application talking to your friends how to use our application
         | you'll never figure it out." However, at least _some_ stuff is
         | different.
         | 
         | 2) The software implementation of the GUI underneath
         | 
         | I do think we've gotten lost in a local extremum here. The
         | whole "The GUI must run on the main thread" when we've got
         | gajillions of cores spread across the CPU and GPU is a
         | _gigantic_ problem. We really need a multithreaded UI
         | implementation.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _Is there a growing sense that our GUI /UI paradigms took a
         | wrong step somewhere in CS history and we've pushed the current
         | UI path as far as it will go?_
         | 
         | Yes. It was called "web UI".
         | 
         | This brought a level of casualness and lack of rigor, that
         | infected native UIs as well.
         | 
         | In the 90s there was a lot of GUI research, including by major
         | companies like Microsoft and Apple, and lots of innovations.
         | 
         | But even more importantly, the standard practices of the main
         | OS makers, favored a uniform look, with clear affordances (e.g.
         | button bevels), and so on. The apex of with would be something
         | like Windows 2000, Mac OS 8, BeOS, NeXT, and the like.
         | 
         | Stuff like "mystery meat navigation", "hamburger menus",
         | "invisible scrollbars", huge padding, buttons that look like
         | text, and so on, including "let's make the whole desktop app
         | interface in the DOM" where post-2000 additions, and not for
         | the better.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | I've had the feeling that back in the 80s through the 90s there
         | was a lot of formal design study of UI and UX. Actual
         | scientific studies were taken of what makes for the most
         | efficient and economical graphical UI.
         | 
         | And then the designers came and threw away so much of that
         | knowledge because they wanted to make something that looks good
         | in screenshots. Visible controls are ugly they said, so all
         | buttons and controls get hidden away under some nondescript
         | icon that doesn't even look like an interactive element (maybe
         | 3 lines in the corner or something). Scrollbars are uncool so
         | now they disappear immediately and you just have to know where
         | to look for them. White space is visually pleasing so just fill
         | the screen with it. Old rules about making buttons look like
         | buttons are completely ignored so the screenshot is pretty.
         | Sure you have to hunt around like a blind person in an alley
         | trying to make things actually work, but it sure looks nice
         | doesn't it?
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | the context of GUI use has also changed dramatically.. UIs
           | were used to manipulate semi complex to complex formal
           | documents in 2D, people were trained, it was all very
           | important .. nowadays we can bring it down to swipe and tap
           | over floating selfies. I'm sure nobody in the mainstream
           | would ever use an 80s application no matter how good/better
           | it is.
        
           | bob1029 wrote:
           | I feel like every front-end engineer should be required to
           | read The Design of Everyday Things and pass a quiz before
           | being handed a job.
           | 
           | Building shitty UI because it looks cool in your marketing
           | materials is doing a criminal disservice to your users and
           | ultimately your business.
        
           | Benjammer wrote:
           | I kind of disagree, I think this was more based on ad-tech
           | taking over and pages optimizing for SEO and session-length
           | and things like that. The metrics changed when the customer
           | changed as we moved to free software.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | It seems kind of a cheat to increase session length by
             | making your page so hard to use that people will spend
             | extra time just trying to figure out the controls.
        
           | coliveira wrote:
           | I believe there is space for great looking design that is
           | also functional. The problem is that achieve this balance
           | takes time and knowledge, and the software industry has a
           | very short term focus, so you end up with non-solutions that
           | are supported purely by hype.
        
             | TuringTest wrote:
             | Also, UI design has traditionally used visual styles from
             | minimalism and the Bauhaus, mainly because the very low-
             | resolutions where it was created (desktops first, later
             | mobile screens) didn't support anything more ornate that
             | would be still visually appealing.
             | 
             | I long for the day when more elaborate and luxurious art-
             | deco-based interfaces become fashionable in UI design.
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | Do you know of any good (presumably old) resources like books
           | or articles that cover efficient economical GUIs and GUI
           | frameworks?
        
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