[HN Gopher] Carbon dioxide peaks near 420 parts per million at M...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Carbon dioxide peaks near 420 parts per million at Mauna Loa
       observatory
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 162 points
       Date   : 2021-06-08 20:12 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (research.noaa.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (research.noaa.gov)
        
       | textech wrote:
       | This is serious. I'm sure that this will have and is likely
       | already having some serious impact on humans that we don't know
       | much about despite what the studies claim.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Serious question - will it cause plants to grow faster since
         | they consume CO2?
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Yes, in many greenhouses CO2 is added to the atmosphere. But
           | 10% faster plant growth does not compensate for thay fact
           | that we reduced forest cover in uk to like 12%
        
           | azornathogron wrote:
           | Yes, the increase in CO2 levels has probably caused an
           | increase in plant growth.
           | 
           | NASA Earth Observatory:
           | 
           | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146296/global-
           | green...
        
             | mturmon wrote:
             | This is true. It's not universal, though, because some
             | plant growth is not primarily gated by CO2 availability --
             | e.g., in drier climates.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | The sorta bigger half here is that it allows plants to grow
           | in more locations than with lower CO2 levels, because plants
           | can photosynthesize while using less water than before (they
           | need to expose themselves to the atmosphere less).
           | 
           | Which is why you more often see stuff like deserts greening
           | when they were dead before. The Amazon rainforest isn't going
           | to 2x in height.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Maybe _slightly_ but it 's very rare that the limiting factor
           | on plant growth is the availability of CO2. Much more
           | commonly plants are limited by access to nutrients and
           | sunlight.
           | 
           | I worked for an algae biotech company and while we did "dope"
           | our ponds with CO2, providing ample mixing to get more
           | sunlight and supplementing the ponds with plentiful nutrients
           | (the "big 3" but also trace elements of a number of more
           | obscure inputs) had dramatically larger impacts on growth
           | rates.
           | 
           | AFAIK, the FACE studies do show faster growth with more CO2,
           | but it's only observable at concentrations ~200ppm over
           | ambient. [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1
           | 469-8137....]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | plutonorm wrote:
         | I wonder if it might slow metabolism and increase obesity
         | levels. There were some strange stories a few years ago about a
         | study that concluded it wasn't just humans that have gotten
         | fatter in recent times, but wild animals too. Even laboratory
         | animals kept under supposedly identical conditions have gotten
         | fatter. I am sure you can look up the reports if you google.
        
       | aazaa wrote:
       | > "The ultimate control knob on atmospheric CO2 is fossil-fuel
       | emissions," said Ralph Keeling. "But we still have a long way to
       | go to halt the rise, as each year more CO2 piles up in the
       | atmosphere. We ultimately need cuts that are much larger and
       | sustained longer than the COVID-related shutdowns of 2020."
       | 
       | I get the sense that most people concerned about this trend hold
       | out a lot of hope for technology. But cuts as large as Keeling is
       | talking about will take sustained cuts to consumption. In other
       | words, rich countries actually consuming less, despite the
       | economic consequences. It could take the form of rationing. Maybe
       | consumption taxes. Maybe something more unusual. And that's never
       | been on the table in any meaningful way.
        
       | tito wrote:
       | If you're interested in how to remove and mine carbon from the
       | air, come check out AirMiners: http://airminers.org
       | 
       | We're hosting the AirMiners Launchpad to help early startup teams
       | and solo-founders get off the ground:
       | http://launchpad.airminers.org
       | 
       | If you've already got a founding team and idea, YCombinator has
       | an RFS for carbon removal startups: http://carbon.ycombinator.com
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | I clicked around, but I didn't see. Is there a device that you
         | sell to capture CO2? Does it capture more than the plant I
         | planted in my office?
        
           | knodi123 wrote:
           | It's a very vague website, but it almost seems like they're a
           | business that sells the answer to that question? If so -
           | yuck.
        
         | progbits wrote:
         | No amount of VC funding trying to rip CO2 from air is going to
         | save us. Stop putting it there in the first place. Carbon tax,
         | regulation on fossil fuels, ...
        
           | lapp0 wrote:
           | Carbon capture technologies tend to cost more carbon to
           | operate than they are able to actually sequester. Currently
           | very much a pipe dream, especially considering that on a
           | worldwide scale, the carbon equation is still overwhelmingly
           | pushing in the worse direction (more carbon being burned,
           | more forests being removed).
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | I think you're looking at a 'yes, and' situation. The IPCC's
           | simulations just sort of assume we not only cut our carbon
           | emissions but come up with some effective form of carbon
           | capture. Without both, our goose is cooked, but we certainly
           | can't rely on carbon capture alone.
        
       | keithwhor wrote:
       | It terrifies me that we're asphyxiating ourselves and increased
       | CO2 can seriously impair human cognition. At a global,
       | population-level scale this is almost certainly statistically
       | significant and it scares me that we could quite literally
       | stupefy ourselves to the point of no return. We need to find
       | solutions now before we're unable to stop ourselves from drowning
       | in our own atmosphere.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/201...
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | I have a CO2 monitor in my home office. 800-1100 ppm are pretty
         | normal readings. If I open a window, I can get it down to ~400
         | ppm, but I don't notice any difference between the two.
         | 
         | I've heard that ~4000 ppm is noticeable and can impair, but
         | it's impossible to get the level that high, even in a closed
         | room with no ventilation.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | 1,400 to 2,000 is pretty noticeable to me.
        
             | notJim wrote:
             | What does it feel like? And have you tried to mitigate
             | confirmation bias at all? I'm just curious, bc I work in a
             | small office.
        
           | drran wrote:
           | I cannot work after 900-1000 ppm CO2.
        
           | jxramos wrote:
           | would you mind sharing the model of the monitor? I'm
           | interesting in getting one now.
        
           | lsllc wrote:
           | I also have a CO2 monitor and see similar readings. I try to
           | open the windows each morning before it gets hot outside to
           | get some fresh air.
           | 
           | I have noticed sometimes when it gets around 1200, I start to
           | get headaches which are almost always relieved by either
           | opening the windows, or going outside (having the dog
           | sleeping in my office doesn't help either, she definitely
           | helps bump up the CO2 numbers!).
           | 
           | The highest I've ever seen it is around 1500.
        
             | lucb1e wrote:
             | Not to be dismissive, but when I hear of an individual
             | reporting symptom X given a meter saying Y, I always wonder
             | whether you read the meter and then focus on whether you
             | feel Y (ok, easy enough to control for by not reading
             | first), read the meter only when you have a headache
             | (perhaps it's above 1200 at other times as well, but ok
             | that's also easy to control for if you care to), or even
             | just get used to the pattern when it's high like in the
             | morning before you open windows, or you can feel when the
             | windows were open (colder/warmer depending on outside
             | temperature). You'd need some completely random CO2 level,
             | not have any way of indirectly knowing the value, then
             | spend time in there and repeat it a few times to say that
             | this is really it.
             | 
             | However, I remember ~1000ppm being the level where studies
             | also said that people start to report headaches. It appears
             | to vary from person to person; both of your observations
             | (you at 1200, GP claiming 1100 is no problem for them) are
             | likely correct, but I wouldn't _trust_ either observation.
             | Just google /ddg it if you want to know what can happen at
             | different CO2 levels.
        
           | edrxty wrote:
           | Working out indoors I've noticed a pretty drastic correlation
           | in measured splits/watts and CO2 over 1k ppm. I tend to
           | notice it at the 1k mark and it falls off exponentially form
           | there when working out with large numbers of other people in
           | enclosed spaces.
        
           | jlintz wrote:
           | which one are you using?
        
         | bioinformatics wrote:
         | It's 420 parts per MILLION. You exhales even more than that.
        
           | Smaug123 wrote:
           | One would certainly hope that your exhaled breath contains a
           | higher concentration of carbon dioxide than is present in the
           | ambient air! For it to be _lower_ , your lungs would have to
           | be somehow removing CO2 from the air, which doesn't sound
           | much like what mammals do; for it to even be exactly equal,
           | you would have to not be emitting CO2.
        
         | drran wrote:
         | I'm engineer, so here my solutions:
         | 
         | 1. Use sustainable materials for construction (8% CO2).
         | 
         | 2. Use thick layer of sustainable insulation and climate
         | battery to reduce need for heating and cooling to 0 (10% CO2).
         | 
         | 3. Use cheap suspended light rail system connected to every
         | house to reduce commuting time, road kills, and CO2 emissions
         | (12% CO2).
         | 
         | 4. Generate energy and protect coastal line by massive wave
         | electricity generator.
         | 
         | And so on.
        
           | edrxty wrote:
           | >I'm engineer, so here my solutions
           | 
           | >reduce need for heating and cooling to 0
           | 
           | >light rail system connected to every house
           | 
           | >massive wave electricity generator
           | 
           | Ummm, all of these except maybe #1 are far less viable than
           | the proven alternatives. The issue isn't a technological one,
           | it's an adoption, regulation, and funding problem.
        
         | Udik wrote:
         | The typical concentration of co2 in a "well aerated" indoors
         | environment is between 400 and 1000ppm. So, no.
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | 1000 ppm is about where cognitive impairment starts, and that
           | much or higher is commonly found in classrooms. If the
           | outdoor ppm keeps going up, it only stands to reason the
           | indoor level will as well.
        
           | jjulius wrote:
           | >So, no.
           | 
           | If you're cooking something at a low temperature, but you
           | accidentally turn the heat up really high, do you adjust the
           | temp as soon as you realize what's going on in order to
           | prevent over-cooking, or do you just let it ride and see what
           | happens, high risk of over-cooking be damned?
        
         | ianai wrote:
         | I was hoping for change when the world stopped during lockdowns
         | last year. Like pulling your hand out of warm water after
         | slowly acclimating to it previously then re-entering your hand
         | in the water - the smog/pollution coming back with reopening
         | could result in people experiencing an en-masse revolt to
         | pollution and the things causing it. Or maybe it's too soon to
         | see this effect - since viable alternatives are just coming
         | along?
        
           | dasudasu wrote:
           | China should be the bellwether for this as they had early
           | lockdowns that initially decreased emissions. They still
           | managed to emit more cumulatively in 2020 than in 2019. They
           | keep increasing their emissions while everyone is distracted.
           | They won't be the only one. In many places, mostly developing
           | nations, there will be pressures to make up for the economic
           | losses.
           | 
           | https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-chinas-carbon-
           | emissions...
        
           | rodgerd wrote:
           | Instead we've got economists agitating for taxing at-home
           | workers to punish them for undercutting the expected profits
           | of the owners of CBD property empires.
        
           | bdamm wrote:
           | Electric vehicles certainly went up in profile, and not by a
           | little bit. The bicycle industry had significant growth as
           | well. Related?
        
         | briefcomment wrote:
         | It's probably not as clear cut as that. Studies at the bottom
         | of this article.
         | 
         | [0] http://raypeat.com/articles/articles/genes-carbon-dioxide-
         | ad...
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | In the short term we could supplement with portable oxygen.
        
       | gdubs wrote:
       | If our global reaction to Covid is any guide, we'll ignore the
       | warnings about Climate Change until they're undeniably upon us -
       | at which point people will say, "how did no one warn us about
       | this?" Unfortunately, barring any yet-to-be-invented
       | technologies, by that point the worst effects will be
       | irreversible.
       | 
       | I'd love to be wrong on this one. But the sky turned orange for a
       | week last year, as wildfires tragically demolished entire
       | communities just 35 minutes by car from where I sit. EPA didn't
       | know how to classify the air quality. There were so many fires up
       | and down the West Coast last year they started simply numbering
       | them, or labeling them as whole collections. Here in the PNW
       | we've had a shockingly hot and dry spring, with ominous
       | implications for this summer.
       | 
       | I'll leave you with this: check out 'The Carbon Farming
       | Solution'. It's an incredibly well-researched book. It's in my
       | wheelhouse, but I think it would appeal to a lot of you here (and
       | yes, I've mentioned it a bunch of times before.) It goes both
       | wide and deep on many aspects of land-use change, and is sober
       | and realistic in what we can hope to achieve through better land-
       | stewardship, and rethinking our food system.
       | 
       | 1: http://carbonfarmingsolution.com
       | 
       | 2: Please don't waste time arguing with me about how 'there have
       | always been wildfires'. What we're facing now is incomparable to
       | the annual burns that used to happen here hundreds of years ago -
       | though prescribed burns to reduce fuel load are certainly
       | something we should be trying to do.
        
         | redis_mlc wrote:
         | Your comment is mostly drivel, but I'll make a comment then add
         | something useful at the end.
         | 
         | > But the sky turned orange for a week last year, as wildfires
         | 
         | California doesn't and can't manage its forests properly, so
         | orange skies are expected annually. Very little to do with
         | climate change.
         | 
         | The useful part in the article:
         | 
         | What's interesting in the article is that CO2 levels increased
         | during a pandemic shutdown. That should be investigated to see
         | why.
         | 
         | Climate scientists dream of the chance to collect measurement
         | samples during cessation of human activities like this pandemic
         | (same with the grounding of US aircraft during 9/11.)
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | > If our global reaction to Covid is any guide
         | 
         | We invented new vaccine technologies to beat the pandemic. Yes,
         | many people died but civilization did not collapse.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | This is different. With COVID, we knew the problem would
           | solve itself in a couple years, even if we did nothing. We
           | were in a race to save lives, not civilization.
           | 
           | Climate change will not solve itself like this. It will keep
           | reducing food supply and habitable land, causing mass
           | migrations that sooner or later will end in wars. Trying to
           | wait it out is suicide.
        
             | spikels wrote:
             | > It will keep reducing food supply
             | 
             | The global food supply is increasing:
             | 
             | * See production numbers for key crops - all are still
             | increasing.
             | 
             | * See famine and hunger numbers all are still decreasing.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Yeah, it's increasing, because we're strip-mining the
               | soil. It won't last. I'll counter your points with two of
               | mine:
               | 
               | * See the problem of soil depletion.
               | 
               | * Consider that crops are temperature-sensitive, and
               | continued warming of the planet will be turning currently
               | food-rich areas into zones where crops cannot be grown.
        
               | dnautics wrote:
               | > Consider that crops are temperature-sensitive, and
               | continued warming of the planet will be turning currently
               | food-rich areas into zones where crops cannot be grown.
               | 
               | This is probably the opposite of what is likely to
               | happen, warmth is likely to enrich the food productivity
               | of more northerly countries which tend to be politically
               | more stable and have less distribution and corruption
               | problems, resulting in more net food production, not
               | less.
               | 
               | > See the problem of soil depletion.
               | 
               | Not related to the carbon dioxide issue.
               | 
               | If you poison the carbon dioxide issue with unrelated or
               | poorly-thought out assertations, you risk discrediting
               | the real issue.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | "Climate change will not solve itself like this.'
             | 
             | Well, it will but in 10,000 years, so noone will be around
             | for that except neo-cavemen or something
        
             | BobbyJo wrote:
             | This is kind of a refutation of the parent, no? We knew
             | things would work themselves out one way or another with
             | COVID, so it was ok that we messed up. We know climate
             | change won't work like that, so how then is COVID a good
             | demonstration of our resolve and problem solving ability
             | with respect to climate change?
        
           | Etheryte wrote:
           | This is a pretty misleading take on what happened. DARPA
           | awarded the grants to research mRNA based vaccines in 2013.
           | These vaccines were many, many years in the making before the
           | pandemic hit and practically unlimited resources were poured
           | into them to push the final stretch out. Even then, it
           | required dropping many best practices around safety and
           | validation just to get some kind of results out the door as
           | fast as possible. So perhaps a better wording is that we got
           | incredibly lucky that this specific grant was awarded over
           | other similar ones and that it happened to bear fruit. It
           | could've just as well been a different kind of pathogen and
           | we would've been out in the cold. Saying we can just invent a
           | fix when a problem comes up is not the right takeaway here.
           | 
           | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27359269
        
             | Lammy wrote:
             | Luckily we wouldn't be starting from zero here either since
             | DARPA has been doing climate research for thirty-plus
             | years, and if the global climate situation turned dire I'm
             | sure it would get more resources than even COVID did: https
             | ://web.archive.org/web/19970429012543/http://www.au.af....
        
             | graeme wrote:
             | What best practices were dropped? The vaccines moved
             | quickly because everyone gave them priority, and because
             | there were many cases in the wild so the trials could amass
             | the needed events quickly.
             | 
             | mRNA vaccines have been great. But multiple conventional
             | vaccines were developed about as fast and we'd probably do
             | fine just with those.
        
         | kbelder wrote:
         | It would be wonderful if we could solve global warming as
         | easily and as cheaply as we did Covid.
         | 
         | And I think we might, once we start trying.
        
           | graeme wrote:
           | Yeah I'm increasingly optimistic we might actually succeed
           | with carbon sucking solutions. Stripe Climate is a very
           | exciting program, for instance.
           | 
           | And I've been quick pessimistic on this issue. In 2010 I
           | determined our society was default dead.
           | 
           | It still is....but it's looking more and more likely we move
           | the cost curves on carbon capture and can actually just pay
           | to remove the excess and solve the problem.
        
             | elbasti wrote:
             | Sorry to burst your bubble but this optimism is just
             | completely unfounded. Carbon removal is clearly a piece of
             | the puzzle but if and only if we get to zero emissions
             | _first_. This is basic thermodynamics.
             | 
             | It takes more energy to remove carbon than it did to put it
             | in the air, so getting all of that carbon out will take,
             | basically, some multiple of all of the energy output of
             | every power plant, every mile driven, every building built,
             | in the past 200 years. We basically have to "undo" the past
             | 200 years of civilization a few times over.
             | 
             | In no way does carbon removal make sense if we don't stop
             | pushing that stuff in the air first. I'm glad Stripe is
             | investing in it, and it makes perfect sense for them to do
             | so and it's _amazing_ of them, because we WILL need it, but
             | only if the world doesn 't end first.
             | 
             | The world is like a guy with advanced cancer. He has let
             | his cancer grow rampant for two decades and he's now
             | infested. Doctors say he has a few years to live. He needs
             | chemo and surgery NOW. Maybe, just maybe, with extreme luck
             | and the most skilled doctors, he'll make it. Like cancer,
             | emissions reproduce and grow and every minute counts
             | (growing cancer - arctic methane emissions).
             | 
             | Carbon removal is... his gym membership. Yeah, it will be
             | great for him to get in shape in order to have a healthy
             | and happy future...but the miserable bastard has to survive
             | first.
        
               | hellbannedguy wrote:
               | And we can't talk about people having less, or no babies
               | here. I know HN's stance on overpopulation.
               | 
               | Yea, industrialized societies supposedly need copious
               | amounts of young people for the economic system to
               | function, but how about just less young people until we
               | find an answer?
               | 
               | (I won't be back to debate. I'm not an expert on
               | anything. It just seems like more people in the world add
               | to the global warming problem, especially in
               | industrialized countries.)
        
         | not_jd_salinger wrote:
         | > until they're undeniably upon us
         | 
         | We're undeniably impacted by climate change right this very
         | second. You can take a drive along the Eastern coast of the
         | United States and see water flooding the yards of homes that
         | are all for sale. Likewise everyone I've heard of buying costal
         | or near sea-level property has had a hell of a time getting a
         | mortgage because it's hard to find flood insurance.
         | 
         | You can watch the Arctic melt almost before your eyes [0]. If
         | that doesn't shock someone right now, then I doubt the first
         | blue ocean event will make a difference either.
         | 
         | Coral reefs are being critically threatened right now from
         | ocean acidification, you can watch them die.
         | 
         | Arctic winds leaking out of the North as the polar vortex fails
         | wreaked havoc across Texas.
         | 
         | The Sierra snow pack, essential for the maintenance of the
         | fresh water supply for both California and Nevada continues to
         | worsen and worsen with what are becoming rare years of it
         | returning.
         | 
         | Record drought in the West causes continually devastating
         | wildfires which are also sources of massive CO2 emissions.
         | 
         | All these are just a few off the top of my head that I've
         | noticed.
         | 
         | Just like pandemic, which still has its fair share of deniers,
         | there will be non-trivial subsets of the population that
         | adamantly deny that climate change is happening even if the
         | entire Midwest were to turn into a dust bowl again. Demagogue
         | after demagogue will emerge to point the finger at some group
         | of people.
         | 
         | But I full agree with your sentiment. Compared to climate
         | change, solving pandemic should have been a cakewalk. If we had
         | solved pandemic quickly I would still be skeptical about
         | climate change because it is so much harder to stop. But since
         | we utterly failed to address pandemic, it is already far too
         | late to image we have any change to alter the path climate
         | change is taking.
         | 
         | Maybe denial is ultimately the best approach for those that
         | can't move towards horrific acceptance.
         | 
         | [0]. https://www.arcticdeathspiral.org/
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | > If our global reaction to Covid is any guide, we'll ignore
         | the warnings about Climate Change
         | 
         | If global reaction to climate change is any guide we'll ignore
         | warnings about climate change as we have since the 70s and
         | earlier.
         | 
         | > There were so many fires up and down the West Coast last year
         | 
         | As someone living in Western Oregon I'm really afraid what our
         | air is going to be like come September given that the drought
         | is worse this year than last. I have air filters at the ready.
        
           | rodgerd wrote:
           | There were a number of big public policy successes in the
           | 70s/80s/90s around smoking, lead pollution, and ozone
           | destruction. And having seen that, megacorps have been
           | refining their playbooks to make sure that it never, ever
           | happens again.
        
         | danielodievich wrote:
         | I have similar perspective and it is very depressing to see the
         | world marching towards destruction of the modern civilization.
         | 
         | I was speaking about this to a friend and he recommended to
         | read book called Drawdown to lift me out of despair. The book
         | is published in the library and all of it is available at
         | https://drawdown.org/. It was great to see that the work to fix
         | or at least slow things down is already underway. But of course
         | by no means guaranteed to succeed. Especially since that
         | collection of essays did kind of dance around the biggest
         | challenge of industrial rapacious capitalism really being
         | incompatible with caretaking of the entire planet in a fair and
         | balanced way.
         | 
         | On that note, somehow right after reading The Drawdown I
         | stumbled on (I think via HN maybe?) Kim Stanley Robinson's The
         | Ministry for the Future
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ministry_for_the_Future)
         | which I swear takes a lot of the stuff from The Drawdown and
         | lays out a path to turning things around that includes a lot of
         | people saying no to the current way of doing things and finally
         | caring for the environment. It was interesting to see the pleas
         | of Mary to the bankers who the book makes a great case are
         | actually the rulers of the world with the quotes of USA's
         | central bankers from just a couple of days where they
         | explicitly state that climate is not within their purview.
         | 
         | I don't know. I got children and I get really depressed about
         | shit they will have to deal with. My parents were similarly
         | depressed when they were my age now, and I was my children age
         | now, and nothing got done.
         | 
         | Wishing us all lots and lots of luck.
        
         | handrous wrote:
         | There's no short-term solution effective enough to make much
         | difference, that doesn't reduce the standard of living in rich
         | countries, and/or cap the standard of living in developing
         | countries. It's not happening. Rich countries aren't gonna say
         | "OK, everyone, you get a lot less stuff and can't travel as
         | much now" and developing countries aren't going to accept that
         | they can't aspire to a "Western" quality of life. Hell, an
         | abrupt decline in standard of living is one of the surest ways
         | to get political unrest, violence, and revolutions, even when
         | the reduction is from "very, very high" to "very high" (and
         | even "very high" would probably still be too high, in this
         | scenario).
        
       | pxi wrote:
       | This very depressing number should be on the mast-head of every
       | news paper/web along side the covid statistics. One good thing
       | about covid was a distraction from climate depression.
        
       | jxramos wrote:
       | > Perched on a barren volcano in the middle of the Pacific Ocean,
       | the Mauna Loa observatory is a benchmark sampling location for
       | CO2. It's ideally situated for sampling well-mixed air-
       | undisturbed by the influence of local pollution sources or
       | vegetation, producing measurements that represent the average
       | state of the atmosphere in the northern hemisphere.
       | 
       | Time series plot (just need to click the Submit button to the
       | left)
       | https://gml.noaa.gov/dv/iadv/graph.php?code=MLO&program=ccgg...
        
         | knodi123 wrote:
         | why is it a sawtooth shape? i.e. why is carbon PPM on a yearly
         | cycle? (I'm not referring to the overall trend)
        
           | mturmon wrote:
           | Annual periodicity of CO2 is due to seasonal drawdown of C by
           | greening-up plants in the Northern Hemisphere.
        
         | kbelder wrote:
         | I take it as a sign that Mauna Loa is about to erupt.
        
         | brink wrote:
         | It's in Hawaii.. The way it was worded, it initially sounded
         | like it was thousands of miles from everywhere.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | CO2 is very evenly distributed. I have a monitor in my house
           | and I also get around 420ppm.
        
             | jxramos wrote:
             | Do those things reflect when the indoor air quality gets
             | too stuffy by any chance? In those instances can you see
             | the ppm rise some amount?
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure 'stuffiness' isn't measured on any meter.
        
               | jxramos wrote:
               | right, but in conditions that are stuffy as detected by
               | the user does the meter reflect increased C02. Seems like
               | it does according to some other threads where people
               | report feeling `xyz` when numbers reach `abc`.
        
               | azornathogron wrote:
               | It might be...
               | 
               | I would imagine at least all the component parts are
               | measurable. I assume it's some combination of
               | temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, the level of certain
               | volatiles, complex organic compounds, and particulate
               | matter. If it's dominated by one of those then measuring
               | that would be a reasonable approximation of a stuffiness
               | meter.
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | The closest part of any other US state to Hawaii is an
           | Alaskan island: https://www.quora.com/How-far-is-Hawaii-from-
           | the-nearest-lan...
           | 
           | >Located near the town of False Pass, the tip of an unnamed
           | peninsula overlooking Ikatan Bay is exactly 2,259.28 miles
           | (3,636.44 kilometers) from a part of Tunnels Beach on the
           | island of Kauai.
           | 
           | So yes, thousands of miles.
        
       | yosito wrote:
       | The good news is, now it should go down and for the next 11
       | months it will be lower than this.
       | 
       | The bad news is, though the peak happens every year around now,
       | the peak has increased linearly every year for the last 25 years
       | and there doesn't appear to be any change in that trend.
        
       | ioquatix wrote:
       | So what are we going to do about it?
        
         | lucb1e wrote:
         | To answer the question directly by typing out all the little
         | choices I make, I'd probably be still typing tomorrow morning.
         | The problem is that I'm quite certain that my emissions still
         | above half anyone else's (where 1/10th would be sustainable, so
         | "not even 1/2"...), since I also try not to live like a hermit
         | despite caring a lot. Basically you could say I'm doing nothing
         | effective... :/
         | 
         | The biggest thing I'm doing at the moment is thinking how to
         | improve this. My next career move should be to a company that
         | reduces CO2 emissions. As a last resort, I'd invest some
         | capital in a startup that does what I can't (I'm not a
         | physicist or chemist that can make methane-free cows or work on
         | GMO crops or improve solar panels' efficiency).
         | 
         | The company I currently work for is very small and we don't
         | have any processes that are a significant contributor to global
         | warming (we hardly travel, don't construct buildings, use
         | considerable amounts of steel, those sorts of things), and my
         | colleagues are already doing more than what one can expect from
         | the average person anyway (both in business and privately) so
         | not much influence I can have there. As a security consultancy,
         | it's also not as if we've got the expertise to help other
         | companies reduce theirs. I'm not sure this is what I want to do
         | forever because while it doesn't hurt, it doesn't really help
         | either.
         | 
         | Suggestions here would be very welcome if anyone else struggled
         | with this kind of life choice.
        
       | _ph_ wrote:
       | It is just scary. In my own life time, the CO2 content of the
       | atmosphere has risen by over 90ppm. Humanity has increased the
       | carbon content by 40ppm before my birth, and 90ppm after. Since
       | my youth, temperatures in Europe have risen by over 1 degree.
        
       | adammunich wrote:
       | It blows my mind that we know this is a massive problem and yet
       | here we are frogs boiling slowly, arguing.
        
         | pavlov wrote:
         | Look at Bitcoin and despair. The frogs have decided that those
         | nifty bubbles in the water are actually money and are excitedly
         | turning up the heat.
        
           | bamboozled wrote:
           | Why do people fixate on bitcoin?
           | 
           | It's burning fossil fuel, transport and deforestation that
           | causes climate change. For all you know, the worlds biggest
           | miners are using renewable energy? I mean that could be
           | theoretically possible.
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | I think the fixation is because Bitcoin is a _novel_
             | technology that is adding to all the problems you 've
             | listed.
             | 
             | We've made great technological strides in energy efficiency
             | over the last few decades. From more efficient lighting and
             | appliances to electric cars to cheaper clean energy sources
             | like photovoltaics. By contrast, Bitcoin in a new
             | technology that is not an efficiency improvement. In fact,
             | it threatens to wipe out all that incremental progress.
             | It's a heel-turn from a sector of the economy that, for a
             | time, held the promise that it could find a way for us to
             | address global warming through technological innovation.
        
               | bamboozled wrote:
               | What about fracking for gas? Seems pretty novel to me?
               | Why not focus on that. Fracking sites leak huge amounts
               | of methane into the atmosphere, destroy water tables why
               | focus on a crypto currency that some people actually use?
               | 
               | What about mass international air travel? There are lots
               | of novel things happening, why focus on bitcoin?
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | Did I say I supported fracking?
               | 
               | Besides, I don't work in the fracking industry, I work in
               | the software industry. And it's painful to see my
               | industry contributing to the problem in such a
               | thoughtless way. Maybe if this was Fracking News and
               | people were bashing on bitcoin you'd have a point.
        
               | bamboozled wrote:
               | Even if what you're saying is true, how do you supposed
               | we "ban" cryptos or stop them? As a person who works on
               | software, you'd have to realize how non-trivial it would
               | be to stop.
               | 
               | What about banning people from going for a drive just for
               | fun, or on a holiday via aircraft ?
               | 
               | It's a lot easier for governments to ban coal fire power
               | stations and fracking replacing them with renewables and
               | hydrogen storage.
               | 
               | This is actually something we can control and do without
               | taking over people's freedoms.
        
             | lowkey wrote:
             | I'm still waiting for my fair trade, organic, ethically
             | made, non-strip mined gold. Gold has a market cap 10x
             | Bitcoin held by central banks around the world and is mined
             | at a rate of about 2% per year making it a bigger issue
             | than Bitcoin mining.
             | 
             | My understanding is that close to 100% of gold is mined
             | using non-renewable energy. 100% of gold is strip mined in
             | a rape of the planet that leaves the land completely
             | unusable.
             | 
             | Gold production is at least 10x as environmentally
             | destructive as bitcoin, half of which is mined using
             | renewable energy.
             | 
             | I vote we ban coal plants and strip mining and boycott any
             | country that violates the pledge. If we are being objective
             | we should focus our efforts on the largest sources of
             | pollution. Energy production isn't the problem. Dirty
             | energy production is the problem.
             | 
             | Since Bitcoin miners are mobile and constantly seeking the
             | lowest cost electricity, if we ban dirty electricity
             | production, Bitcoin actually incentivizes the production
             | and development of new clean energy sources by opening up
             | remote options that were not previously viable.
        
             | 19g wrote:
             | Probably recency bias, media coverage, and because for the
             | resources it uses (with any source of energy), it's hard to
             | see it as a better alternative to what exists currently
             | 
             | Agriculture, fossil fuels, transportation and manufacturing
             | for single use products are some of the highest order
             | problems to me.
        
             | pavlov wrote:
             | _> "For all you know, the worlds biggest miners are using
             | renewable energy? I mean that could be theoretically
             | possible."_
             | 
             | We know they're not. Bitcoin miners seek out the cheapest
             | energy, which is mostly fossil.
             | 
             | We know that even decommissioned fossil fuel power plants
             | are being reopened for this purpose.
             | 
             | That's not some kind of SJW propaganda, you can read about
             | it in the Wall Street Journal:
             | https://www.wsj.com/articles/bitcoin-miners-are-giving-
             | new-l...
        
               | bamboozled wrote:
               | Solar is the cheapest form of energy generation in 2021
               | [1], it's for political reasons fossil fuels are a
               | cheaper.
               | 
               | You should be more concerned that your government hasn't
               | banned coal power generation.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.resilience.org/stories/2021-01-03/solar-
               | now-chea...
        
               | pavlov wrote:
               | If solar was the cheapest, then Bitcoin would be
               | replacing other actually productive energy consumers and
               | forcing them to fossil sources. So getting rid of Bitcoin
               | would still be positive.
        
               | bamboozled wrote:
               | You can't just get rid of people doing calculations on
               | computers, it's not going to happen without some pretty
               | authoritarian, dystopian hell.
               | 
               | The problem needs to be solved at the source, burning
               | fossil fuels needs to be stopped, today!
        
               | lowkey wrote:
               | "We know they're not. Bitcoin miners seek out the
               | cheapest energy, which is mostly fossil." - Citation
               | needed
               | 
               | My understanding is that the cheapest electricity sources
               | are a result of massive excess energy available far from
               | population sources. These are often renewables including
               | hydro, wind, solar, nuclear and geothermal. In some cases
               | older coal plants with excess capacity will be cheap in
               | the short term, but these are always going to suffer from
               | material operating cost per Gigawatt to pay for fuel,
               | unlike renewable alternatives which mostly require
               | upfront investment but not ongoing fuel expense.
               | 
               | If dirty coal and other hydrocarbons are the problem,
               | lets tax or ban those.
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | Even if they were all using renewables, and they're not,
             | that's renewable low carbon energy that could be put to
             | productive uses by industry. Bitcoin uses as much energy as
             | Argentina FFS! All for a 'currency' which will never be
             | used as such. We need revenue neutral carbon taxes _now_.
             | When miners pay for the damage they do, we 'll see how
             | quickly they move away from algorithmic busy work towards
             | proof of stake.
        
               | bamboozled wrote:
               | What you see as "useful" is subjective. Bitcoin is mined
               | because for some people it's useful.
        
             | ohazi wrote:
             | Because turning off cars and trucks would be a quality of
             | life disaster for most people on the planet.
             | 
             | Turning off bitcoin would immediately remove a sizable
             | developed nation sized chunk of annual co2 production, and
             | would negatively impact _practically nobody_ in comparison.
             | 
             | People fixate on it because it would be a _trivially_ easy
             | win.
        
               | knuthsat wrote:
               | But at this point, human emissions are irrelevant. The
               | n-th order effects that will happen from an already
               | predicted temperature increase will obliterate any
               | savings.
               | 
               | The tundra in Siberia holds methane equivalent to 100
               | years of 2020 emissions. When that stuff starts melting
               | (and it's already exploding) the bitcoin experiment will
               | be a drop in the ocean.
        
               | RobRivera wrote:
               | so lets just give up, accept our fates, and kick the can.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | Over my life I've seen the Overton window on this debate
               | move from:
               | 
               | > Global warming isn't real.
               | 
               | To:
               | 
               | > Global warming is real, but it's not our fault.
               | 
               | To:
               | 
               | > Global warming is our fault, but it's too expensive to
               | fix.
               | 
               | To, finally, sentiments like this. Summarized as:
               | 
               | > Global warming is out fault and we could fix it. But
               | why bother, it's too far gone already.
               | 
               | At this point pessimism has set in. I'm just tired. COVID
               | showed us that the capacity for personal sacrifice in
               | western nations is very low indeed. I don't expect anyone
               | will want to do anything about global warming if it
               | threatens their job, hobbies, or investments. Long term
               | consequences be damned.
        
           | wait_a_minute wrote:
           | Isn't it like half a percent of total electricity spending
           | though? So even if you had a magic wand to get rid of
           | people's mining hardware, you wouldn't solve the problem. So
           | why focus on Bitcoin so singularly? What's the agenda here?
        
             | RobRivera wrote:
             | you say that as if .5 % is trivial.
             | 
             | you say that as if solutions can't be composed by aggregate
        
             | pavlov wrote:
             | It consumes more power than Argentina and has increased
             | 6500% since 2015 without providing any meaningful utility
             | to mankind.
             | 
             | Bitcoin deserves to be a first-tier target for reducing
             | carbon emissions. That doesn't mean we shouldn't target
             | other energy consumption too.
        
             | Analemma_ wrote:
             | Half a percent is a _staggering, colossal amount_ of
             | energy, especially considering that the percentage of
             | humans who use Bitcoin is less by orders of magnitude, and
             | that it is-- let 's be honest here-- pretty much useless. I
             | am utterly baffled by the suggestion that "half a percent
             | of all electricity use" is not something worth being
             | alarmed about.
        
             | lucb1e wrote:
             | More like 10%. Total energy use of a country in a year is
             | something like 1PWh and electricity is 100TWh, those orders
             | of magnitude.
             | 
             | Edit: figured I might as well look it up and be precise.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_the_Netherlands 900
             | TWh primary energy, 115 TWh electricity.
        
         | AceJohnny2 wrote:
         | It's a great (if tragic) demonstration of the limits of human
         | governance. We cannot do long-term (let alone multi-
         | generational) planning.
         | 
         | But maybe that's just my Western experience.
        
           | mcculley wrote:
           | Even if individual countries or cultures could do long term
           | planning, myopic cultures can harm them. We would have to
           | have a global EPA. We have a global Tragedy of the Commons.
        
           | fallingfrog wrote:
           | The whole political system is designed to deflect and diffuse
           | popular demands, not to be responsive to them. We could
           | design better political systems.
           | 
           | But, if you want a responsive, accountable political system,
           | you cannot also maintain enclaves of extreme wealth, power
           | and privilege. People wouldn't put up with it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | wait_a_minute wrote:
           | https://e360.yale.edu/features/despite-pledges-to-cut-
           | emissi...
        
         | knodi123 wrote:
         | In the famous frog-boiling experiment you're referring to, the
         | frogs were actually lobotomized before they were put in the
         | pot. Which makes your analogy even more accurate, IMO.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | wait_a_minute wrote:
         | Pay more attention to renewable energy, we are making
         | significant progress over the last 10 years. Now if only we
         | could get China on board so those coal mines stop increasing
         | global emissions...
        
         | remir wrote:
         | People manifest in the streets because they have to put on a
         | mask to stop the spread of COVID. A simple mask is seen as
         | anti-freedom.
         | 
         | Now, just so we're clear, I'm not judging these people and I
         | don't want to polarize COVID and the government response in any
         | ways.
         | 
         | But if wearing a mask is seen as restrictive, imagine the
         | societal changes required to _truly_ address climate change.
         | 
         | Folks, the party is over. The response to climate change will
         | make COVID measures seem like a day at the water park.
        
           | pirate787 wrote:
           | Nope. For about the same cost as the Covid stimulus we could
           | have converted the entire US electrical grid to renewables.
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | That's not even within an order of magnitude of being true.
             | Renewables are, with some partial exceptions, not
             | dispatchable energy sources - you need _massive_ amounts of
             | storage and transmission capacity. Solar, for example, has
             | a capacity factor in the neighborhood of 10%. That means
             | that for every watt of natural gas generation you want to
             | replace you need 10 watts of geographically distributed
             | solar energy with storage and massively upgraded
             | transmission networks to move all that power around. You
             | could _maybe_ start to work on a china-style HVDC network
             | with that kind of money but that 's not even close to all
             | you need to integrate renewables on a massive scale.
             | 
             | Fixing the american power grid for the challenges of the
             | next 500 years is a multi-generational project that will
             | cost way more than a few trillion dollars.
        
       | throwaway888abc wrote:
       | 400-1,000ppm Concentrations typical of occupied indoor spaces
       | with good air exchange
       | 
       | 1,000-2,000ppm Complaints of drowsiness and poor air.
       | 
       | 2,000-5,000 ppm Headaches, sleepiness and stagnant, stale, stuffy
       | air. Poor concentration, loss of attention, increased heart rate
       | and slight nausea may also be present.
       | 
       | 5,000 Workplace exposure limit (as 8-hour TWA) in most
       | jurisdictions.
       | 
       | >40,000 ppm Exposure may lead to serious oxygen deprivation
       | resulting in permanent brain damage, coma, even death.
       | 
       | https://www.kane.co.uk/knowledge-centre/what-are-safe-levels...
        
         | amptorn wrote:
         | Mauna Loa is not indoors.
        
         | ijidak wrote:
         | Wow. That's sobering. 1,000 PPM is not far-fetched in a few
         | decades as more poor upgrade to higher carbon lifestyles.
         | 
         | The growth curve so far has not been linear...
         | 
         | Very interesting.
        
         | CraigJPerry wrote:
         | > 250-400ppm Normal background concentration in outdoor ambient
         | air
         | 
         | So we'd expect this site to be nearer 250 given its ideal
         | location away from humans and industry?
        
           | dmurray wrote:
           | The ground there sporadically goes on fire, completely
           | naturally. So it might not be an "ideal" location for
           | atmospheric purity.
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | Mauna Loa has never recorded co2 as low as 250ppm. Started at
           | 315ppm in the 50s: https://www.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/l
           | egacy/image/2019/J...
        
           | twobitshifter wrote:
           | Since it's located on a barren volcano at a high altitude I
           | would say there is less oxygen in the air than at sea level.
           | The air there should also be less affected by nearby
           | emissions.
           | 
           | They also have stats on the ratio of O2 to N2, which has been
           | falling over the same period. People argue that plants will
           | produce more oxygen to make up for the new CO2 in the air,
           | but here we see that combustion is winning out. https://gml.n
           | oaa.gov/obop/mlo/programs/coop/scripps/o2/o2.ht...
        
             | CraigJPerry wrote:
             | CO2 ppm should reduce with altitude though right?
             | 
             | E.g. if we saw 250ppm at sea level, we'd expect to see
             | around 3% reduction in ppm counts per 1000 ft altitude.
             | This observatory is at 11,000ft so we'd expect 250ppm sea
             | level to give us 82ppm not >400
        
               | lutorm wrote:
               | No, the "parts" in ppm reduce, but the "millions" does,
               | too. It's a ratio.
               | 
               | (There might be a tiny effect due to the fact that CO2 is
               | heavier than air, so as you go up you might expect the
               | CO2 to mostly have settled against the bottom of the
               | atmosphere. I suspect as long as you're in the
               | troposphere, there's sufficient mixing to make it
               | uniform, though.)
        
               | mturmon wrote:
               | This is correct. CO2 is well-mixed, both laterally and
               | vertically.
               | 
               | Mauna Loa observatory is at about 4200 meters, or 0.6
               | atmospheres. At that atmospheric height, CO2 should
               | generally be within ~10ppm of the concentration anywhere
               | above the atmospheric boundary layer (BL).
               | 
               | Below the BL, CO2 can be trapped by topography or
               | temperature inversions, or in general, not be as well-
               | mixed vertically. The height of the BL varies with time
               | and location but generally that's a few hundred meters.
               | 
               | Well above 0.6 atmospheres -- say, 0.2 atmospheres, or >
               | 12km up -- the CO2 concentration in ppm can decrease
               | noticeably more.
        
               | CraigJPerry wrote:
               | Yeah you're right https://www.researchgate.net/figure/In-
               | situ-CO2-concentratio...
        
         | zionic wrote:
         | I guess it's good news it took a century of effort go from
         | 200->420 then.
         | 
         | Hopefully we can stop it around 600 or so.
        
           | sa1 wrote:
           | The concern is climate change, unlike indoor CO2
           | concentrations.
        
           | fallingfrog wrote:
           | I suspect it'll be higher than that, 700 at least
        
       | brink wrote:
       | > "The ultimate control knob on atmospheric CO2 is fossil-fuel
       | emissions," said Ralph Keeling. "But we still have a long way to
       | go to halt the rise, as each year more CO2 piles up in the
       | atmosphere. We ultimately need cuts that are much larger and
       | sustained longer than the COVID-related shutdowns of 2020."
       | 
       | That's extreme.
        
         | twobitshifter wrote:
         | Yet everyone wants to start commuting back to offices. It looks
         | like 2020 didn't even have a noticeable effect on the trend.
        
         | jjulius wrote:
         | This may not be the most constructive comment on HN, but my
         | initial reaction to this kind of comment is often:
         | 
         | It is what it is; mother nature doesn't give a fuck about us
         | and never will. Preventing climate change would be incredibly
         | painful, as is letting it happen.
        
           | orwin wrote:
           | Yes, but one can be piloted, the other won't.
        
           | mlindner wrote:
           | Ignoring the effects on natural biodiversity, I think letting
           | it happen would actually be less of an issue for humans. It's
           | not that expensive to build seawalls around coastal cities.
           | Crops will be grown further north and crops will grow more
           | easily in higher CO2.
           | 
           | On the other hand, stopping it would basically involve a war
           | on developing countries to forcibly prevent them from
           | developing further. Most developed countries have already
           | leveled off their CO2 emissions or are headed downward.
           | 
           | Increased CO2 will harm the developing world more than
           | anywhere else, but those places are also the least interested
           | in putting in the effort to stop the effects.
        
         | graeme wrote:
         | We actually require cuts to zero. And then negative by sucking
         | carbon from the atmosphere.
         | 
         | 2020 we simply began getting worse at a slower rate. But ANY
         | emissions of fossil fuels come from outside the carbon cycle
         | and make the carbon worse.
        
         | elihu wrote:
         | Compared to the seriousness of the problem I don't think it's
         | extreme, but I also don't think it's quite the right approach.
         | Instead of telling people to drive less, or eat less, or not
         | heat their homes in the winter (which isn't going to work), we
         | can transition away from fossil fuel energy as fast as we can
         | and replace it with renewables.
         | 
         | My usual (U.S. centric) suggestions when this topic comes up
         | are to greatly expand solar and wind energy production, finance
         | transcontinental high-voltage DC lines so that we can trade
         | power with Africa/Asia/Europe and even out the day/night
         | imbalance (we can keep fossil fuel plants around as an
         | emergency backup and just not use them), electrify the
         | interstate freeway system so that EVs can charge without
         | stopping and make cross-country road trips without having to
         | haul around huge batteries, and we should expand EV tax credits
         | to cover conversions of existing vehicles as well as new
         | vehicles.
         | 
         | We also need more battery production, especially of
         | technologies like lithium iron phosphate (or whatever replaces
         | it in the future) which are good enough and aren't bottlenecked
         | on expensive materials like cobalt and nickel.
         | 
         | None of these things require people to change their behavior,
         | though it would help if they did. It's probably also not enough
         | to save us from pretty severe climate problems in the future,
         | but at this point I think that's more-or-less unavoidable so we
         | should just do the best we can right now.
        
         | fallingfrog wrote:
         | Nature does not match her challenges to our abilities. There's
         | no reason to expect this to be fair.
         | 
         | It's definitely not the kind of thing where I would engage in
         | hand wringing over human stupidity. It sucks and it's unfair,
         | but it's the situation we have to deal with.
        
           | brink wrote:
           | I'm more referring to the nature of the proposed solution as
           | being extreme. Calling for shutdowns greater than 2020 is the
           | sledgehammer to society approach.
           | 
           | Are we really so against the wall that we cannot come up with
           | something better than the economically suicidal shutdowns?
        
             | bscphil wrote:
             | > But we still have a long way to go to halt the rise, as
             | each year more CO2 piles up in the atmosphere. We
             | ultimately need cuts that are much larger and sustained
             | longer than the COVID-related shutdowns of 2020."
             | 
             | "Cuts" means cuts in the release of new CO2, it doesn't
             | mean that this has to be accomplished through shutting down
             | the economy - you misunderstood the statement.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | Yes, thats what happens when you ignore the problem for 70
             | years, chickens come home to rootlst
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | tech-no-logical wrote:
             | in my opinion : yes. we've been coming up with things for
             | 30-40 years now, and emissions are still rising. we've had
             | some kind of climate accord since 1992, and essentially
             | nothing has changed with respect to fossil fuel use.
             | 
             | on my side of the pond we've committed to a 50% reduction
             | in emissions by 2030 as compared to 1990... that's just 9
             | years, and we are _still_ at 1990 levels or thereabouts,
             | meaning we have done essentially _nothing_ in 30 years.
             | 
             | I'd damn well say we're against the wall.
        
             | brendoelfrendo wrote:
             | He's not saying we need to shut down, he's saying we need
             | solutions that are equal to or greater in magnitude than a
             | shutdown.
             | 
             | CO2 emissions went down during the early pandemic, but
             | quickly started climbing back towards normal again.[0] In
             | 2020 overall, global emissions fell 6.4%[1]. If we
             | maintained that trajectory, it still wouldn't be enough to
             | stop climate change.
             | 
             | [0]https://time.com/5943530/covid-19-co2-emissions-climate-
             | chan... [1]https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun
             | /08/carbon-d...
        
           | ohazi wrote:
           | > but it's the situation we have to deal with.
           | 
           | We're not going to deal with it. We're going to continue
           | partying for another 200 years. Then we're all going to get
           | woozy and stupid. Then the population will crater. I don't
           | think humanity will go away _entirely_ , but I don't see a
           | reason to be optimistic about the next 500 or 1000 years.
           | This is the peak.
        
             | Loveaway wrote:
             | How do you know? Humans are probably the most adaptable
             | species on the planet. Not many tropical animals are able
             | to survive in Antartica for example. Maybe we'll get fusion
             | and AI rolling, and we have more energy then we possibly
             | dream of, can de-carbonate the atmosphere and so on.
             | 
             | The way I see it it's gonna be all about energy. There are
             | absolutely insane amounts of it everywhere, and all our
             | power generation is like nothing compared to what's going
             | on at planetary, cosmic scales. The question is are gonna
             | be able to tap into it, and make use of it? If so, all our
             | problems will seem silly, but for that to happen we need to
             | keep up the innovation, keep up improving technology, keep
             | the economy running and don't fall into the trap of
             | regressing into a dark age.
             | 
             | If we just shut down everything and go back into the woods,
             | we're definitely gonna be at the whim of whatever is going
             | to happen and there will be nothing we can do about it.
        
               | fallingfrog wrote:
               | I agree. There's no going back, only forward. We need
               | alternative sources of energy.
        
             | jjulius wrote:
             | Slightly off-topic, slightly tangentially related; you may
             | enjoy Kae Tempest's "The Book of Traps and Lessons".
        
       | gedy wrote:
       | Given that 2020 lockdowns was about as massive behavior shift we
       | could hope for in the West, yet seemingly had no impact[0],
       | what's the alternative to these schemes? Is the rise mostly now
       | Chinese manufacturing?
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://research.noaa.gov/Portals/0/easygalleryimages/1/864/...
        
         | lrem wrote:
         | In how many places were the lockdowns more than 10% of the
         | year?
        
         | gizmo686 wrote:
         | The lockdowns were targeted to reduce person to person
         | contacts; not to reduce emmisions.
         | 
         | A simmilar amount of hardship targeted at reducing emmisions
         | would be far more effective at reducing emmisions (and less
         | effective at reducing the spread of viral respiratory diseases)
        
         | the_third_wave wrote:
         | The rise - and continuous rise, even though anthropogenic
         | CO2-emissions went down substantially during the lockdowns in
         | 2020 - is largely dependent on the oceans warming up and
         | outgassing CO2 [1]. Historical records from ice cores show that
         | CO2 concentration lags after temperature changes - the
         | concentration goes up after the temperature has gone up, and
         | goes down once the temperature has gone down [2, see fig. 3
         | (p.431) for the relation between CO2 concentration and
         | temperature]. As long as the temperature continues to go up,
         | the CO2 concentration will go up. Once the temperature has
         | stopped rising the CO2 concentration will stop rising with a
         | lag of a few thousand years [2, p.433, _The CO2 decrease lags
         | the temperature decrease by several kyr and may be either steep
         | (as at the end of interglacials 5.5 and 7.5) or more regular
         | (at the end of interglacials 9.3 and 11.3)_ ].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20413-warmer-
         | oceans-r...
         | 
         | [2] Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I.,
         | Barnola, J.-M., Basile, I., ... Stievenard, M. (1999). Nature,
         | 399(6735), 429-436. doi:10.1038/20859
         | (https://doi.org/10.1038/20859)
        
         | wait_a_minute wrote:
         | https://e360.yale.edu/features/despite-pledges-to-cut-emissi...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | _Microft wrote:
       | _This is fine._
       | 
       | At least it cannot be that bad, can it, when we go to bed each
       | night just worrying how we are going to sell meaningless products
       | before meaningless deadlines to customers who do not even need
       | them instead of putting our efforts into fixing our effing planet
       | so our descendants will have a nice place to live in. Good night
       | for now.
        
         | wait_a_minute wrote:
         | Are you starting a company to solve a meaningful climate-
         | related problem? Or are you pining for a giant centralized hand
         | to just dictate solutions? Like what is your actual delta or
         | solution?
        
           | zizee wrote:
           | It's very difficult for the free market to solve a "tragedy
           | of the commons". We need the "giant centralised hand" to stop
           | businesses externalizing their costs to produce the market.
        
           | toiletfuneral wrote:
           | I think if the free market could solve climate change, it
           | probably already would have. Clearly the more lucrative
           | approach is to use the growing disaster to sell air
           | conditioners and privately guarded bunkers in New Zealand. So
           | please forgive me for not wanting any more companies to try
           | and profit off of crises, there's not a strong track record
           | of structural solutions coming from that sector.
        
         | function_seven wrote:
         | To those downvoting parent, I assume _This is fine_ is a
         | reference to the dog in the burning house meme.
         | 
         | Not sure if that changes your vote, but FYI :)
        
         | hunter-gatherer wrote:
         | I'm with you... I repeatedly tell collegues of mine that I'm
         | baffled society has decided (by their wallets) that my time is
         | worth more than say, a climate scientist, nuclear or renewable
         | energy engineer, or someone else engaged in planet saving
         | technologies.
         | 
         | [Context]: I mostly reverse engineer malware and embedded
         | systems. Most of what I do is malware for phones... and most of
         | this malware is packaged as stupid games that nobody should be
         | playing anyways. But hey... I get paid well. Good night for
         | now.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Society doesn't decide shit.
           | 
           | People need to stop thinking about the free market as some
           | kind of oracle. It's not. It's a collection of feedback loops
           | between greedy optimizers. It drives people down the local
           | gradient of profitability, which has only a minimal
           | relationship with long-term social utility. It can, and will,
           | drive us all off a cliff if there's enough money to be made
           | stepping off the edge.
           | 
           | And yes, I'm with you here. I just don't see it as society
           | deciding. If asked, most people will also be baffled how it
           | is you and me get more than a climate scientist or a nuclear
           | engineer. They also can't directly express their individual
           | preferences on this using their wallets, because the market
           | isn't structured in a way to allow that.
        
             | wait_a_minute wrote:
             | A more informed customer base makes more informed
             | decisions. So over time it can be said that the market does
             | actually choose things. Like how if more people want
             | products sourced from ethical materials suppliers, the
             | trend becomes more products being sourced from ethical
             | materials suppliers.
             | 
             | I couldn't care less about good software engineers making
             | more than "climate scientists" or "nuclear engineers"
             | because those lines are more blurred than ever. If you're
             | in one of those roles and you can't code, you'll be
             | obsolete within a matter of a few years.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _if more people want products sourced from ethical
               | materials suppliers, the trend becomes more products
               | being sourced from ethical materials suppliers._
               | 
               | Or rather, the cheaper option is chosen: companies just
               | _lie_. This is what actually happened.
               | 
               | > _A more informed customer base makes more informed
               | decisions._
               | 
               | The market has already worked around this. We've created
               | the _marketing industry_. The business world has learned
               | how to bamboozle customers at scale. We 're at the stage
               | where spending a marginal dollar on marketing has a
               | better ROI than spending it on improving the product.
               | 
               | > _I couldn't care less about good software engineers
               | making more than "climate scientists" or "nuclear
               | engineers" because those lines are more blurred than
               | ever. If you're in one of those roles and you can't code,
               | you'll be obsolete within a matter of a few years._
               | 
               | And I do care, because while I agree that coding is
               | becoming essential for productive scientific and
               | engineering work, it's not those people who get the good
               | salaries. Guess what programmers are getting the most
               | money? The ones building technology for _advertising_.
               | Because of course they do. See my previous point: we 've
               | created an industry that can play customers like a
               | fiddle, undoing the main feature of a free market that
               | made it socially beneficial.
        
               | function_seven wrote:
               | Kind of amazing how your third point so neatly wrapped
               | around to the first one.
               | 
               | I've become tremendously cynical in the past decade
               | regarding all the ecofriendly stuff I'm supposed to be
               | doing. It always seems to come out that the effort I was
               | committing to Thing X turned out to be either worthless
               | or even worse than that.
               | 
               | Recycle my plastic bottles? Nope, they're just getting
               | dumped into the Yangtze River. (I put the bottles in the
               | trash now.)
               | 
               | Okay, but my sink faucet no longer drips, so that's good
               | right? I guess, but that one container of almonds just
               | wiped out whatever yearly water savings I achieved with
               | the repair.
               | 
               | I would consider buying carbon offsets if I had any faith
               | at all that they really truly represented a net reduction
               | in atmospheric CO2. I don't have that faith. Way too easy
               | to launder or fabricate.
               | 
               | It reminds me of the 90s, when grocery stores switched
               | from "forest-destroying" paper bags to "ecofriendly"
               | plastic bags. Then we all did a 180 on that. Now I'm
               | paying for the bags--also they use roughly 3x the amount
               | of plastic--and I still use them twice (once for the
               | items, once as a trashcan liner), just like I did before.
        
           | wait_a_minute wrote:
           | Convince the market that you have a solution to a problem and
           | they'll reward you. Plenty of climate-focused companies out
           | there looking to hire software engineers.
           | 
           | If you're not happy with the employment that gives you the
           | income to pursue your hobbies and fund side ventures, why not
           | join one of those climate companies or start one?
        
       | lutorm wrote:
       | _the highest level since accurate measurements began 63 years
       | ago_
       | 
       | Not to detract from the seriousness of the increasing CO2 level,
       | but doesn't _every_ year set a new record for CO2 level?
        
         | top_post wrote:
         | Right, which is the problem.
        
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