[HN Gopher] How 'One Hundred and One Dalmatians' Saved Disney
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       How 'One Hundred and One Dalmatians' Saved Disney
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 88 points
       Date   : 2021-06-06 10:46 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | teh_klev wrote:
       | Tangentially, the other week I found out that Dodie Smith wrote a
       | sequel to "The Hundred and One Dalmatians." which is quite
       | barking (sorry) mad:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Starlight_Barking
       | 
       | It has a Space Dog and a kind of "Dog Rapture" thing going on.
       | I'm guessing Smith fully embraced late 60's in many ways.
        
         | clydethefrog wrote:
         | The live-action sequel of the 101 Dalmatians live-action movie,
         | (102 Dalmatians) also had a bizarre scene in the end where
         | Cruella is baked into an enormous cake. She is mixed in a huge
         | batter, baked alive (she survives, only the cake around here is
         | baked) and blasted with frosting, all by the smart dogs working
         | together. As a kid I remember it being pretty other-wordly.
        
         | papito wrote:
         | Here is all the madness in a short Twitter thread:
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/SketchesbyBoze/status/140015018819540172...
         | 
         | "It has never been filmed. It can never be filmed. It is
         | unfilmable."
        
           | flanbiscuit wrote:
           | Reminds me a bit of how Charlie and the Glass Elevator, the
           | sequel to Charlie and The Chocolate Factory, is also a weird
           | departure from the original.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Great_Glass_El.
           | ..
        
             | djxfade wrote:
             | If you think that is crazy, check out the sequel to Forrest
             | Gump
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gump_and_Co.
        
             | teh_klev wrote:
             | Yep, there's definitely some unexpected turns taken there.
        
           | teh_klev wrote:
           | That's where I bumped into the sequel but couldn't remember
           | the specific tweet. Thanks.
        
       | mquirion wrote:
       | I'm a bit of a Disney geek, not for their content, but for their
       | business history. I got reading a bio on Walt years ago and was
       | astonished by how much Disney really is a "start up" in many of
       | the ways we think of them today. Walt and his people were wildly
       | inventive and incredibly driven. And that inventiveness, though
       | not always perfect, is still very much within the company's DNA
       | today. And I think it plays as much a role today in Disney's
       | dominance as their IP.
        
       | Synaesthesia wrote:
       | That computer aided process was pioneered by Pixar proposed
       | earlier by John Lasseter for a minor 80's film, The Brave Little
       | Toaster, which got him fired. You can read about it here under
       | 'career' https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lasseter
        
         | otterley wrote:
         | To be clear, Lasseter was fired from Disney before the film was
         | ever made.
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | Went on to direct Toy Story at Pixar. Scooped up by another
         | fired visionary, Steve Jobs.
        
       | dragontamer wrote:
       | Hmm, this is the first time I've heard an explanation for the
       | thick outlines of American cartoons. The visual difference
       | between "Sleeping Beauty" and "101 Dalmatians" is striking.
       | Black-outlines were needed because the cels on 101-Dalmatians
       | were designed to be used in many different scenes.
       | 
       | In contrast, each outline in Sleeping Beauty was specifically
       | designed for its own scene: lighter Yellow outlines on Sleeping
       | Beauty's hair to contrast with the dark castle around her.
       | 
       | ----------
       | 
       | The "Thick lines" is a tell-tale of American cartoon vs Japanese
       | cartoons/anime. I never once imagined that this was because of
       | the technology that American animators used.
       | 
       | And it never occurred to me that these kinds of thick outlines
       | would be offputting. I've lived with those outlines my whole life
       | in a wide variety of cartoons: but we can see here that Walt
       | Disney himself felt like they were too harsh the first time he
       | saw 101 Dalmatians.
        
         | basch wrote:
         | The Mitchells vs the Machines has interesting stylized
         | outlining around faces and clothing, not completely unlike
         | Archer, but a much more complex watercolor variant.
        
       | atlgator wrote:
       | It was that one extra dalmatian that really put them over the
       | mark.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | open-source-ux wrote:
       | One thing about 2D animation is that it is amenable to an
       | infinite variety of drawing styles. If you can draw it, you can
       | animate it. It's why 2D animation is so appealing, whether in
       | short film or feature film form.
       | 
       | In contrast, 3D animation (for feature films) feels stuck in an
       | aesthetic rut - call it the "Pixar look".
       | 
       | The recent animated film _Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse_ has
       | a refreshing 3D /2D hybrid visual look. It's a satisfying break
       | from the 'convential' look of 3D animated movies. I hope the
       | success of _Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse_ will inspire more
       | visually varied computer animated films to follow.
        
         | germinalphrase wrote:
         | _Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse_ has some very clever
         | animation choices.
         | 
         | *The Mitchell's vs The Machines" does seem to have a sort of
         | blended 2D/3D thing going on as well.
        
         | dragontamer wrote:
         | There's many styles of 3d animation. Video-gamers can recognize
         | them: Dragonball Fighter Z looks completely different from
         | Cyberpunk 2077.
         | 
         | Lets take one genre dominated by Japan: fighting games. Look at
         | Street Fighter V, Dragonball FighterZ, Guilty Gear Strive,
         | Tekken, and Mortal Kombat (the only non-Japanese on this list).
         | 
         | None of these characters, or animation styles, are the same. In
         | fact, Dragonball FighterZ clearly "bends" the rules of 3d
         | animation the most (aka: squash and stretch animation), likely
         | because the original source material (Dragonball Z / Dragonball
         | Super) is traditional 2d animation.
         | 
         | -------
         | 
         | Street Fighter V was based off of Street Fighter IV's style,
         | which was itself based off of Battle Fantasia. (Street Fighter
         | Alpha, the game before IV, was traditional 2D animation, so
         | they looked at other games for inspiration on how to make 3d
         | look good).
        
           | kadoban wrote:
           | I think GP's point may have been specific to feature films.
           | Games do have a lot of variety in 3D rendering styles, but
           | how many of those do you see make it to films, especially
           | mainstream films?
        
             | lehi wrote:
             | These are 3D characters from Pixar's most recent film:
             | https://static.onecms.io/wp-
             | content/uploads/sites/6/2020/10/...
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | Wreck-it-Ralph kind of cheated, but... how many different
             | styles of 3D animation did you see in that film alone?
             | (Wreck-it-Ralph is sort of the "Who Framed Roger Rabbit" of
             | this generation, so it makes sense. No one will say that
             | Betty Boop has a similar drawing style to Woody Woodpecker,
             | even if both are characters in "Who Framed Roger Rabbit")
             | 
             | ------
             | 
             | Thanos (Avengers: Endgame), Shrek, Davy Jones (Pirates of
             | the Caribbean), the Na'vi (Avatar), Spiderman (Into the
             | Spiderverse), and the recreation of Princess Leia (Rogue
             | One) are all 3d animation. Would you argue that they're the
             | same style?
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | Right, not just rendering but character design and motion.
             | One recent stand-out in 3D was "Cloudy With a Chance of
             | Meatballs". The snappy, fluid and elastic movement, and
             | designs, were a nice departure from convention that seemed
             | to draw from 2d influences. Generally the other big studios
             | knock-off the Pixar fashion.
             | 
             | AAA games as of late are even more rigid as they aim for
             | realistic-looking characters, save for monster-design. So
             | you get the same brown-haired 6ft tall white guy hero in
             | 90% of games.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | > AAA games as of late are even more rigid as they aim
               | for realistic-looking characters, save for monster-
               | design. So you get the same brown-haired 6ft tall white
               | guy hero in 90% of games.
               | 
               | I dunno if that even qualifies as a style for FPS games,
               | let alone AAA games in general.
               | 
               | Overwatch, Gears of War, Halo, Team Fortress 2, Destiny,
               | and Splatoon all have distinctive art styles.
               | 
               | Sure, some games take inspiration / style from other
               | games (ex: Fortnite clearly is going for Overwatch's
               | style). Call of Duty vs Battlefront both also take from
               | each other pretty severely.
               | 
               | But there's more to AAA games than just Activision or EA
               | Games.
        
       | rob74 wrote:
       | > _"Walt never worried about money. To him, it was just something
       | you could spend to do things you wanted to," says Solomon._
       | 
       | Then I wonder what Walt Disney would have to say today about the
       | company bearing his name...
        
         | mook wrote:
         | Given that he was around during
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_animators%27_strike --
         | probably not very much.
        
         | stkdump wrote:
         | It's crazy to think how unrecognizable the world is today in
         | terms of attitude towards money. Yes, money allows big
         | companies to do great things. But the real valuable work is to
         | do great things, not to make a lot of money. If we knew of a
         | better way to accomplish that than using money, I would be all
         | for it, because it would allow for more people to do great
         | things without having to care about funding.
        
           | indigochill wrote:
           | An idea in this vein I've been toying with is implementing a
           | P2P IOU bartering protocol. I do something for you, you
           | cryptographically sign me an IOU (which is a plaintext IOU
           | note - no monetary amount required) which I can either call
           | in later or trade to someone else who needs your services
           | more for something I want from them. Messages sign adjacent
           | messages (probably using Secure Scuttlebutt), so when someone
           | comes back to you with the IOU, you can have a strong
           | guarantee that it's the original note and not a copy even
           | though you don't necessarily have visibility of all the
           | participants it transited through.
           | 
           | Even in theory, it only works in some contexts, though,
           | namely in exchanges between individuals. Because there's a
           | strong reliance that neighbors in the path trust each other
           | and leaves them responsible for settling exchanges to mutual
           | satisfaction. All this proposal adds to direct barter is
           | long-distance authenticity guarantees.
        
             | deepnet wrote:
             | This is needed.
             | 
             | IOU works well on small scales. It has often worked locally
             | or within small communities[1]. LETS[2], babysitting
             | vouchers, friends who value and track favours and keep the
             | scales balanced.
             | 
             | Make the FOSS infrastructure as easily deployable as
             | wordpress.
             | 
             | IOUs with a PGP signed chain of trust is brilliant and it
             | could be a killer app for PGP adoption.
             | 
             | Who of us doesn't owe Stallman and Torvalds at least a
             | favour ? But never got their key-signed ?
             | 
             | Widespread PGP adoption means lots of people would have
             | their own crypto so privacy and trust could be run over any
             | insecure transport medium.
             | 
             | Maybe there could be a FIDOnet type central glue and
             | exchange protocols so money could travel further than
             | local.
             | 
             | Local non-currency ledgers on a eco-friendly blockchain.
             | 
             | Money is human glue. It represents creativity and potential
             | energy.
             | 
             | It is democratic to have lots of types of small monies so
             | no-one has to be excluded. Small things often work well.
             | National monies fail for a lot of people and cryptos
             | current success model is to be worth something - and so are
             | stuck being tied to national monies so the excluded are
             | still excluded.
             | 
             | Make it easy to make an altcoin, so anyone can and the goal
             | can be stimulating a local economy rather than being tied
             | back into the main one.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Exchange_System
             | [2] https://www.lowimpact.org/lets-origins-michael-linton-
             | letsys...
        
             | wyager wrote:
             | How is this not strictly worse than money? It's like money
             | but not fungible.
        
               | indigochill wrote:
               | The non-fungiblity is the point. Fungible value tends
               | towards centralization, but non-fungible value
               | necessarily remains distributed. Even with something like
               | bitcoin, the "central authority" is the network
               | consensus.
               | 
               | In this proposal, we don't even need consensus. The only
               | thing that matters is human trust between individuals.
               | 
               | That said, it is definitely worse than money if you want
               | to make an exchange with someone more than a degree or
               | two distant from you.
               | 
               | Anyway, right now it's just a thought experiment. I think
               | the critical feedback is sufficient motivation to just
               | make the thing and see how it works or doesn't in
               | practice.
        
             | luma wrote:
             | This sounds like money with extra steps.
        
             | matheusd wrote:
             | The Offset[1] project seems to be around that position in
             | design space, at least going by their Economic Idea[2]
             | page.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.offsetcredit.org/
             | 
             | [2]
             | https://docs.offsetcredit.org/en/latest/intro/economic.html
        
           | mavhc wrote:
           | Disney spend loads on developing new technology for their
           | films, and developing the story in their weird, but
           | apparently successful way, while other animation studios
           | don't often don't bother and just want to rake in the cash.
        
             | csharptwdec19 wrote:
             | This sounds inverted to me.
             | 
             | There are two things that IMO Disney does far more than
             | most other animation studios; First being sequel churn (the
             | general pacing of MCU releases, the pacing on the last SW
             | trilogy and sidecar movies,) But the bigger one being
             | Toyetics. [0]
             | 
             | Neither of those things are particularly 'innovative', and
             | the latter of the two is a semi-exploitative practice of
             | child psychology.
             | 
             | [0] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyetic
        
               | daniel_reetz wrote:
               | Look up Disney Research and Disney Imagineering R&D.
               | Check out their SIGGRAPH papers. I used to work for them
               | (not representing them here), you'd be surprised at the
               | scale+level of R&D activity.
        
             | wdb wrote:
             | Yeah, think there is a big Disney lab in Zurich?
        
           | Clewza313 wrote:
           | The most objective measure of "greatness" we have is money,
           | which comes from people who think something is great and are
           | willing to pay for it.
           | 
           | Sometimes this works well: for example, pretty much everybody
           | thinks _Toy Story_ is a great movie, and Lasseter and Pixar
           | were rewarded handsomely for it. Sometimes it doesn 't work
           | so well: for example, Wall Street thinks money is great, so
           | they spend a lot of time and energy figuring out ways to
           | extract more money from people.
        
             | Emma_Goldman wrote:
             | I don't think this is anywhere near as obvious as you make
             | out. Film is an odd example, given that the films that lay
             | claim to being great works of art (e.g, Koyaanisqatsi, Wild
             | Strawberries, The Battle of Algiers) are rarely the most
             | popular and highest-grossing films (e.g., Transformers,
             | Avengers, Toy Story). We usually mean something by
             | 'greatness' quite different from 'popular'.
             | 
             | Even if we just focus on popularity (i.e., first-order
             | preference satisfaction), money is a very rough proxy for
             | it:
             | 
             | 1. Lots of profitable activities, once you price-in their
             | externalised social costs, are net negative. Given the
             | scale of the climate and ecological crisis, that is very
             | far from a marginal phenomenon. Ecological economists like
             | Herman Daly argue that once ecological costs are included
             | in the national accounts, we are running a GDP loss.
             | 
             | 2. Some commodities are instrumentally necessary but
             | intrinsically negative. Many people acknowledge that social
             | media is a net negative, but use it anyway because it helps
             | build their profile and career. Market dynamics often
             | transform intrinsically positive activities into merely
             | instrumentally necessary activities, e.g., the
             | marketisation of academia means researchers spend their
             | whole career optimising for maximum articles and grants,
             | not great work.
             | 
             | 3. Market demand reflects the stratified incomes of people
             | around the world. Markets are therefore heavily skewed in
             | favour of the interests of the rich.
             | 
             | 4. Market exchanges which are mutually beneficial for the
             | transacting parties often have unintended effects in the
             | aggregate, sometimes negative, e.g., no one wants Facebook
             | to be a monopoly, and no individual makes it so, but it is
             | the aggregate consequence of people joining Facebook.
        
             | stkdump wrote:
             | I wouldn't say it is the most objective way. It is a
             | remarkably simple way to accomplish a number of excellent
             | things and with more success than other methods humanity
             | tried so far.
             | 
             | I hope we can come up with something better in the next few
             | hundred years. The main problem of money lies exactly in
             | its simplicity, i.e. everything becomes fungible, which in
             | reality many things just aren't. To work around this we
             | needed to invent stuff like taxation and legal persons. A
             | mind-boggingly huge part of government and thus man-power
             | is set aside to work around the problems that the
             | fungibility of money creates. I am pretty sure there are
             | superior technological solutions, where the rules/laws
             | don't have to work-around ever more clever ways that
             | cooperations and rich people use to work-around the limits
             | we try to set for the fungibility of money.
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | An awful lot of them spend their time figuring out how to
             | extract less money than other people, but make sure they're
             | the ones doing the extracting. That's competition for you.
        
             | underwater wrote:
             | Money is a measure of the ability to earn money, nothing
             | more.
        
             | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
             | > The most objective measure of "greatness" we have is
             | money
             | 
             | Why is this more objective than other metrics? The fact you
             | can easily put a number on it doesn't make it objective.
             | 
             | It's a definite indicator of wealth, but surely _greatness_
             | is a different thing?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | canadianfella wrote:
               | What other metrics?
        
             | nxpnsv wrote:
             | As soon as money doesn't only come from customers directly
             | purchasing a thing you make, that is not a great metric.
             | Money is more complicated than that.
        
           | shkkmo wrote:
           | The problem isn't money nor is it free enterprise nor is it
           | markets. The problem is ehe capitalist structures of
           | ownership that divorce production from ownership and
           | commoditize all economic activity.
        
         | clydethefrog wrote:
         | He would've probably be disappointed that most Academy Awards
         | after his death have been awarded to only the Pixar animation
         | department. That man loved his awards.
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | Companies became (purely?) investment vehicles for
         | shareholders. These shareholders are frequently retirement
         | funds and insurance companies.
         | 
         | It all makes sense when you dig down.
        
         | sorokod wrote:
         | That part of the business was taken care by his brother Roy.
         | Roy worried about money. A lot.
        
       | trey-jones wrote:
       | I don't really notice these visual details, but I appreciate the
       | explanations behind them, and I find the history of the process
       | and the integration of technology interesting.
       | 
       | On a somewhat related note, I watched this film last week with my
       | children (3,7,11) and I thought it was really great. Not that it
       | was my first time seeing it, but my first time as an adult. I
       | don't think it was rose-colored glasses, but I was just genuinely
       | impressed by the story, voice acting (especially), animation, and
       | the whole.
        
         | Agentlien wrote:
         | I work with computer graphics (in game development) and I love
         | how much I notice about the technical details when watching
         | movies.
         | 
         | With Disney and Pixar it's often delight at how well made
         | something is. With Hollywood productions it's often cringe at
         | some cheap CG and obvious artifacts. Even then, I often enjoy
         | being able to spot it.
        
         | earthboundkid wrote:
         | I watched it last night with my kids as it happens, and thought
         | it was pretty bad. The story is basically just a single long
         | chase sequence which doesn't really reward adult viewers. I
         | much prefer the one millionth rewatch of Robin Hood, which
         | definitely has a lot of flaws (really blatant reuse of
         | animations) but is a lot more fun with a lot of different
         | action sequences and jokes. Basically the only easter egg for
         | adults in 101 Dalmatians is the What's My Crime TV show.
        
           | earthboundkid wrote:
           | I will say compared to Sleeping Beauty; it's at least
           | watchable. SB was a triumph of the art department over any
           | common sense. "Let's make a high modernist technicolor crazy
           | angular art piece... about Sleeping Beauty." I can see how
           | they talked themselves into it, but Walt should have talked
           | them back out of it. That art style is fine for a short but
           | can't hold a feature and conflicts with the goal of making a
           | movie for children with resonant themes for adults.
        
       | hulitu wrote:
       | I thought Snowwhite and the seven dwarfs saved Disney.
        
         | pmyteh wrote:
         | Disney was on the ropes several times. Hand-drawn animation is
         | a hugely expensive hits business, and at the beginning there
         | wasn't a library providing huge ongoing royalties to tide them
         | through the gaps.
        
           | sumtechguy wrote:
           | Many companies have the 'bet the farm' style of management
           | with movies. MGM 'bet the farm' many times with big
           | production movies and then a plan B movie to hold them over
           | if it failed. A good pairing of that would be Gone with the
           | wind (bet the farm) and plan b Wizard of Oz. Get a few duds
           | in a row and you get sold off to one of your competitors.
           | Wonder where they will end up after Amazon.
           | 
           | It was actually Iger who restructured Disney with the
           | double/homerun style movies. Why did Disney crank out junk
           | movie after junk movie in the 90s? Because they were cheap
           | and consistently made money. I think Disney has gone back to
           | bet the farm style. I personally think it will end up with
           | them sliced up in to a bunch of smaller companies.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | Not an Disney expect, but my take is it's more like it didn't
         | kill Disney. It was the ~first full-length animated movie and
         | was very expensive to produce.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | And "The Little Mermaid". And Pixar...
         | 
         | I think Disney needs saving every generation.
        
       | linuxftw wrote:
       | Snow White and Sleeping Beauty are from an era of animation
       | master pieces. The article describe the steps to make such films
       | and how labor intensive it was. Hand drawn and hand painted, the
       | difference in quality is remarkable compared to today's
       | disposable computer-generated animation. In many ways, a lost art
       | form, most likely there will never be another film produced in
       | such a manner.
        
         | CyberDildonics wrote:
         | I doubt the hundreds of people who spend thousands of hours
         | over multiple years to make a single movie think of their work
         | as disposable.
        
           | linuxftw wrote:
           | What they think in no way influences my opinion.
        
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