[HN Gopher] Justice Department withdraws FBI subpoena for USA To...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Justice Department withdraws FBI subpoena for USA Today records
       ID'ing readers
        
       Author : prostoalex
       Score  : 336 points
       Date   : 2021-06-05 21:37 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.usatoday.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.usatoday.com)
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | I'm glad they withdrew this. That said, it does appear that the
       | subpoena was more selective than I initially thought, given the
       | headlines. From the other USA Today article:
       | 
       | > The subpoena, issued in April, demands the production of
       | records containing IP addresses and other identifying information
       | "for computers and other electronic devices" that accessed the
       | story during a 35-minute time frame starting at 8:03 p.m. on the
       | day of the shooting.
       | 
       | A 35-minute window could still produce a large number of readers,
       | but I assume they had some other information that would have
       | immediately narrowed it down or otherwise confirmed their
       | suspicions.
        
       | slumdev wrote:
       | This is almost certainly a case of attempted parallel
       | construction.
       | 
       | Indulge my hypothetical:
       | 
       | 1. A newspaper article is posted at 1PM.
       | 
       | 2. A suspicious comment that contains nonpublic, incriminating
       | information is posted on a message board at 1:15PM. That comment
       | links to the USA Today article. The message board is outside of
       | FBI jurisdiction.
       | 
       | 3. The Feds already know the identity of the commenter through an
       | illegal and/or unconstitutional means of data gathering. (Think
       | of all the secret taps built into AT&T's networks, their Stingray
       | devices, all of the unpublished vulnerabilities exploited every
       | day by TLAs, etc.)
       | 
       | 4. If the Feds can get the identities of everyone who read the
       | article during the window immediately before and after that
       | comment's submission, they may be able to use other information
       | to narrow that list down to one or two suspects and use that to
       | sway a judge to issue a search warrant. Because they already know
       | who they're looking for, I wouldn't expect this "narrowing down"
       | process to be particularly even-handed.
        
       | xvector wrote:
       | I wish services didn't store IPs at all.
       | 
       | If abuse is an issue, why not hash the IP with a nonce?
        
         | codetrotter wrote:
         | IPv4 space is small so they will subpoena the nonce and find
         | what the original IP was
        
         | kadoban wrote:
         | For ipv4 is there a difference between storing IPs and storing
         | their hash with a nonce? You can calculate the hash of every IP
         | address in reasonable time, so it's reversible.
         | 
         | Only benefit I can think of is you can forget the nonce and now
         | the data is securely useless, if the nonce was secure, but that
         | doesn't seem that useful really.
        
           | xvector wrote:
           | I think if we use a difficult enough hash function it should
           | be okay? With 4 billion IPv4 addresses it would take 120+
           | years to iterate through all of them. You could probably
           | rotate the nonce periodically, making it effectively
           | worthless to pre-compute any table. But this gets complicated
           | fast.
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | You could try to do a more difficult hash or something
             | (bcrypt maybe?) but I don't know if it's a very good idea.
             | I think you'd spike your latency, open yourself to DoS
             | attacks or only minorly inconvenience anyone reversing the
             | hashes, or some combination of those.
        
               | xxs wrote:
               | >(bcrypt maybe?) but I don't know if it's a very good
               | idea
               | 
               | b/scrypt and all other password grade hashes are slow on
               | purpose but they are slow per each use. Imagine the
               | processing takes 0.1s (which is on the low side of
               | hardness) per each request - you just killed all your
               | servers w/o any designated DoS. If you abandon the nonce
               | and use the same salt multiple times (so the computation
               | is amortized), it'd take a replicated cache of IP->hash
               | and even then it still doesn't accomplish much...
        
             | rpadovani wrote:
             | Why 120 years? It is easily parallelized, and with any
             | cloud provider you can launch hundreds of thousands of
             | computing unit in seconds. I'd say, as a private citizen, I
             | can create a rainbow table of the IPv4 space in half a day,
             | more or less?
        
             | somethingwitty1 wrote:
             | Except you are still storing the nonce/salt (not sure which
             | you are proposing)...which means you _can_ reverse it, so
             | the data is subpoenable. It doesn 't really buy anyone
             | anything, in this scenario. It could help if the logs were
             | stolen, but that isn't what is being discussed here.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | gizmo686 wrote:
         | There are only 2^32 possible IP addresses. You can brute-force
         | that on a personal laptop.
        
           | xvector wrote:
           | If you use a hard hash function you cannot brute force that
           | on a laptop - not even a tenth of that. You can, however,
           | spin up compute instances to brute force it in a few days if
           | you have $50k lying around.
        
             | zeroimpl wrote:
             | What are the odds that a website will run a computationally
             | hard hash function on every single HTTP request just so it
             | can log something less sensitive than an IP address?
        
               | josefx wrote:
               | The website could cache the hash for an hour or two.
        
             | xxs wrote:
             | >force that on a laptop
             | 
             | They said: "personal computer", which could easily have 2x
             | GPUs and 16+ cores. Heck, laptops nowadays can have a
             | pretty good discrete GPU.
             | 
             | Using password grade hash with a =nonce= is absolutely no
             | way to be accomplished per each request. The nonce would
             | have to be the same for multiple uses - hence NOT a
             | 'nonce'. The sharing of the said non-nonce would require a
             | form a replicated Map (or IP-sticky processing with a local
             | map). It's rather convoluted solution for absolutely no
             | benefit as it's still not hard to brute force.
             | 
             | Storing it in such a way - slow hash + salt yields no
             | benefits for debugging either, so I wonder why would you do
             | so? Password hashes are useful for proving a match with an
             | unknown plain text (while making it expensive to brute
             | force) - so what would be the exact purpose of having non-
             | nonce+IP?
        
           | vgaldikas wrote:
           | There's even less 'usable' ones, when you exclude private
           | ranges etc...
        
             | olliej wrote:
             | And if you further restrict to US service provider ranges
        
         | uses wrote:
         | Hm, I'm confused, usually the whole point of storing an IP is
         | in case the visitor uses the platform to do something illegal,
         | like a death threat. Without the original IP law enforcement
         | can't subpoena the ISP, etc. But also as someone else said, if
         | you use a nonce, and I think you mean salt, then it can be
         | cracked nearly instantaneously anyways due to the small space
         | of IPv4 (~4 billion).
        
           | njharman wrote:
           | IP is not a person identifier. They should not be allowed as
           | evidence in criminal cases.
        
             | gizmo686 wrote:
             | There is more to investigating then gathering admissible
             | evividence.
             | 
             | For example, if you are talking with Alice and she says
             | that she heard from Bob chat Charlie was in the office at a
             | weird hour on the day in question investigators have gains
             | nothing that they can admit as evidence [0]. However, there
             | is nothing that anyone (defense or a third party) can do
             | challenge this portion of the investigation other then keep
             | it out of evidence, and the investigators are free to
             | follow up with either Bob or Charlie to get something that
             | would be admissible.
        
           | ed25519FUUU wrote:
           | Wouldn't be relevant for a news website.
        
             | LatteLazy wrote:
             | I wouldn't be so sure, lots of papers have comment sections
             | and they're pretty rammed with death threats on any social
             | issue sadly...
        
               | ed25519FUUU wrote:
               | Oh jeeze with comments enabled anything goes.
        
         | aneutron wrote:
         | Sometimes there's a forensic purpose. For example, you want to
         | know which servers exfiltrated your data and to which IP.
         | 
         | Or for audit purposes (e.g. you might need to prove to some
         | regulator no outside access was made, which is stupid but ...)
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | There's some structure to the IP that can be somewhat useful
         | for tracking identity.
         | 
         | Its imperfect, but you'd expect definitely good folks to look a
         | certain way
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | There are only 2^32 IPv4 addresses, if you know the nonce you
         | just try them all... no privacy provided.
         | 
         | If you don't know the nonce, you can't match against other
         | users-- so not useful for abuse.
         | 
         | But I'm skeptical re: abuse uses. For commenters, sure-- you
         | may need to store IPs to combat abuse. But for readers? At most
         | you would need sampled data or in-memory counters (e.g. to
         | catch high volume bots).
         | 
         | Unfortunately, there really isn't any penalty for failing to
         | minimize private data collection.
        
           | xwolfi wrote:
           | The best model would be to display publicly commenters IPs,
           | never store readers', store error logs (like people
           | bruteforcing a password).
           | 
           | You d have a triple virtuous effect: people would stop being
           | such insuferable asses once they understand basically their
           | name is on the comment, readers would be completely safe
           | because why not and abusers would be logged still.
           | 
           | It's even probably what most websites do: it news to me to
           | keep the IP of every visitor, I'd have pruned them.
        
             | techbio wrote:
             | Any examples? I like the transparency and self-filtering.
             | What is/isn't this approach suitable for? Anonymous is a
             | very common pen-name.
        
             | taneq wrote:
             | And then my modem reconnects and I get a new IP that used
             | to belong to some insufferable asshole, and suddenly I'm
             | blocked / blackholed / shadowbanned everywhere and some
             | vigilante is flood pinging me.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Maybe in the 56k days, but my DOCSIS ISP rarely re-
               | assigns IPs.
        
               | nexuist wrote:
               | Bingo. IRC tried the strategy of banning users by IP and
               | half the time you'd end up k-lining entire countries
               | because their ISPs were too cheap to buy more endpoints.
        
           | hyperbovine wrote:
           | But of course, the real reason is that those ips are worth
           | analytics $$$.
        
             | cout wrote:
             | It's also useful forensic data if your site is ever hacked.
        
           | xvector wrote:
           | If you use a difficult hash function that takes ~1 seconds to
           | calculate then it would take over 120 years to iterate
           | through the IPv4 address space. At the very least, this could
           | cut down on dragnet surveillance
        
             | nullc wrote:
             | But then a single user clicking on links quickly would
             | bring your webserver to its knees. So much for using those
             | addresses to combat abuse... :)
             | 
             | Plus the FBI could probably narrow their search to a few
             | hundred thousand addresses (relevant ISPs, no
             | unroutable/multicast/etc), then only use the list to
             | confirm.
             | 
             | Finally, if it takes 120 years on one core, it'll take 1.4
             | months on 1000 cores. I'm willing to be the FBI has access
             | to more computing power than I do. ~100 CPU years isn't a
             | particularly daunting amount of computing work, even for
             | fairly low stakes research.
             | 
             | That search would also decode all addresses in the logs,
             | not just one targeted one...
        
             | gizmo686 wrote:
             | This requires that you add ~1 second of latency to every
             | request that requires you to hash the IP. Even if we assume
             | relatively aggressive caching, this is still incredibly
             | unacceptable from a user experience perspective.
             | 
             | Assuming you do that, you are looking at about 1193046
             | hours to hash the entire address space. More specifically,
             | you are looking at 1193046 CPU hours.
             | 
             | You can rent a 96 vCPU c5.24xlarge instance from AWS for a
             | rate of $4.08/hour; or $0.0425/CPU-Hour. Assuming this
             | offers the same per-cpu hashrate as the general purpose
             | web-server, you are looking at a cost of $50,704 to
             | construct a rainbow table. That is no where near a
             | prohibitive sum of money.
             | 
             | You can probably reduce the cost by shopping around for
             | compute or using bare metal. You could see significant cost
             | reductions by using hashing optimized ASICs.
             | 
             | Combine this with the fact that no website is going to
             | spend 1000ms just computing the hash for every request
             | (even if you allow for caching). And the fact that they can
             | probably narrow down the address space they are interested
             | in considerably if they wanted to save money.
             | 
             | 2^32 is just too small of an asymmetry between legitimate
             | use and an attack to be a viable defense.
        
               | xvector wrote:
               | From a user experience perspective, you can perform the
               | computation asynchronously. There are also hash
               | algorithms resistant to ASIC.
               | 
               | But yeah, everything else you said makes sense.
        
               | gizmo686 wrote:
               | And now you have a ~1000ms latency between when some
               | events happen, and when you can log them. Even assuming
               | all such events get logged, you will be left with a
               | jumbled mess of out-of-order events.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | Why does your logging system rely on the order of entry
               | insertion and not on the entry timestamp?
        
             | 542458 wrote:
             | Yes, but then I'm burning a second of compute time every
             | time I want to log something.
             | 
             | Also, by removing unlikely candidates (IPs owned by
             | irrelevant entities or that are not US based) you could get
             | the search range much much smaller, and with the FBIs
             | budget you could probably compute it all in a few days even
             | with a 1-second hash time.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | b9a2cab5 wrote:
             | 1 second on a CPU can easily be 100x faster on a GPU, then
             | distributed over 1000's of GPUs. For reference argon2 was
             | supposed to be an ASIC-resistant, GPU-resistant memory-hard
             | hashing algorithm, but a K20X from 2013 is 5x faster than a
             | CPU [1] and GPUs have only gotten faster since then
             | compared to CPUs.
             | 
             | [1]: https://github.com/WebDollar/argon2-gpu
        
           | spacemeetstab wrote:
           | An example of using IPs to combat abuse is Wordfence. It's a
           | WordPress plugin which blocks traffic from known abusive IPs.
           | A quick glimpse at the "live traffic" for one of my websites
           | reveals several IPs within the last hour that have attempted
           | to access the site which were blocked.
           | 
           | A site I was repairing after a hack fortunately had server
           | logs which included IP data. That IP allowed me to identify
           | the specific exploit used.
           | 
           | So, there are definitely uses for IP data in security terms.
        
         | GeneralMayhem wrote:
         | Anti-spam/anti-abuse operations often look a lot like tracking.
         | There's no point in knowing a single request's IP, or a single
         | user's; to spot the patterns, you have to be able to join it
         | with others.
        
       | morpheos137 wrote:
       | I am confused how reading a news story in a certain window of
       | time could serve as evidence or probable cause or reasonable
       | suspicion of anything. Seems utterly bizarre.
        
         | justanotherjoe wrote:
         | It makes sense that the person would be scouring the news for
         | an incident that involves himself. Isn't that in Sherlock
         | Holmes - The Study in Scarlet? Sherlock used false advertising
         | in a newspaper of a missing ring found near the crime scene.
         | The person who claimed to have the ring is the culprit. This
         | also happens in Death Note, another work of fiction, where L,
         | the detective, uses news media to narrow down the possible
         | suspects.
        
         | kangaroozach wrote:
         | Probably narrows down the list of suspects to a few thousand
         | from a much higher number.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | That's called a dragnet. Suspects are not found by this
           | method, innocents are found, it all hinges on the assumption
           | that the guilty party will be present, which in fact may not
           | be the case. Good policework identifies the suspect first,
           | then finds corroborating evidence.
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | >> how reading a news story in a certain window of time could
         | serve as evidence or probable cause or reasonable suspicion of
         | anything.
         | 
         | So... I have no idea how they thought it would apply in this
         | case, or what investigators had in mind.
         | 
         | That said, very broadly and in theory, in today's world almost
         | any data point can be predictive of almost any behaviour. This
         | is the premise of ad-tech. Less amorphously, you could probably
         | construct a theory. People reading the story within a certain
         | window of time, within a certain geographical area... etc.
         | 
         | Evidence, probable cause & reasonable suspicion as legal terms,
         | that's a different matter.
        
           | sidlls wrote:
           | > almost any data point can be predictive of almost any
           | behaviour.
           | 
           | This isn't really true, though, even in theory. In practice
           | it's much worse, as we aren't very good at using even large
           | collections of data points in most cases to predict behavior.
           | We can in some very few, narrow contexts occasionally do
           | better (sometimes much better) than a random guess once in
           | while.
        
             | dalbasal wrote:
             | I didn't mean it quite literally, and specified that I'm
             | not suggesting that police had something like this in mind.
             | My uneducated guess is that police were after something
             | specific relating to other information that they already
             | had. That's generally how police investigations work.
             | 
             | That said, the one relatively broad concept where "we"
             | consistently do better than random guesses is ad-tech,
             | which is where the bulk of private efforts to this effect
             | are concentrated currently. The premise here is quite
             | literally "every data point is predictive of behaviour,"
             | behaviour being stuff related to the goals of advertisers.
             | 
             | It's not a huge leap to suggest that fb & adwords' system
             | can be used to predict crime, insurance claims, HR-related
             | stuff etc.
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
             | We may not be good at this, but the collective wisdom at
             | most corporations states that a best predictor of what
             | someone will do, is what they have done in the past. My
             | point is that it is being used and inferences are drawn
             | regardless.
        
         | boomboomsubban wrote:
         | My guess is that they have some related suspect who they claim
         | saw the story and nuked their drives. It doesn't seem like
         | strong evidence though.
        
         | arp242 wrote:
         | My guess is that they have some sort of photo, screenshot, or
         | video that happens to show that a suspect had this page open on
         | a computer or mobile phone, and that they can reliably date the
         | time of this photo or video.
         | 
         | Depending on details, it may not be an unreasonable request.
         | The question is more one of trust: do we trust the FBI that
         | it's a reasonable request?
         | 
         | This is why all the stuff like the activities the Snowden leaks
         | demonstrated or Trump's idiotic harassment of the press through
         | the DOJ are so harmful far beyond the direct harm they did:
         | they justifiable and seriously erode trust, and then there _is_
         | a serious case like this and  "trust us" no longer carries any
         | value. A sad state of affairs where everyone loses.
        
           | soraminazuki wrote:
           | > Depending on details, it may not be an unreasonable
           | request.
           | 
           | No. Under no circumstances is it acceptable for governments
           | to ID readers of a news article. Such an act is a direct
           | attack on the freedom of speech, freedom of thought, and
           | freedom of the press. IMO it very clearly crosses a line on
           | what law enforcement can and cannot do in a democratic
           | society.
           | 
           | Note that law enforcement has (over)broad powers for
           | investigation at their disposal already, and they were able
           | to find the suspect "through other means." There was no
           | justification whatsoever for the subpoena.
        
             | georgeplusplus wrote:
             | It seems no different to me than subpoenaing say, a private
             | clubs membership records.
             | 
             | The danger comes when law enforcement uses the evidence
             | they gather from one case, to target someone who hasn't
             | committed a crime. Which clearly hasn't been shown to be
             | done here.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | By the time is is shown to be done you have already lost
               | your freedoms.
               | 
               | Media, news and journalists and their sources have
               | special protections and consideration that random private
               | club does not.
        
               | ctdonath wrote:
               | Equally bad. Freedom of association is also an enumerated
               | right. Without demonstrable cause, none of the
               | government's business. Yes, I've been protected from such
               | harassment thanks to that right.
        
           | morpheos137 wrote:
           | Still even if they had such a screen shot I don't get how
           | reading a news article about a sex offender would be
           | incrimnating even if you were a sex offender yourself.
           | 
           | That said...https://www.cbsnews.com/news/luka-magnotta-
           | wanted-for-canada...
        
             | salawat wrote:
             | It's a CSAM case. They're probably trying to prove he's the
             | primary user.
        
             | arp242 wrote:
             | > Still even if they had such a screen shot I don't get how
             | reading a news article about a sex offender would be
             | incrimnating even if you were a sex offender yourself.
             | 
             | What? Absolutely no one said or even implied any such
             | thing.
             | 
             | Photos of in child sex abuse cases are routinely
             | scrutinized in great detail to reveal clues about the
             | location, time, and anything else that might lead to the
             | individuals in the case.
             | 
             | Interpol has an entire website dedicated to help identify
             | objects in pictures[1], asking members of the public to
             | help identify everyday things like T-shirts. Actually, one
             | of the top results pictures right now is "do you recognise
             | this newspaper?"
             | 
             | No one is suggesting that "wearing this t-shirt" or "having
             | this newspaper" is incriminating in and of itself. Finding
             | these people from vague online pictures where they intend
             | to remain anonymous is tricky business, and sometimes with
             | a bunch of these clues combined with some other information
             | they can identify offenders and/or victims.
             | 
             |  _Of course_ there are trade-offs involved in all of this,
             | and it 's important we have robust public conversations
             | discussing those; as I mentioned in my previous comment,
             | the lack of trust here is a big issue. But much of this
             | entire thread is ... disappointing. I wish people would
             | keep cooler heads (as well as, you know, actually read the
             | article before commenting).
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.europol.europa.eu/stopchildabuse
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | It sounds like what they were trying to do was identify
             | someone.
             | 
             | It is quite common to know something about the recent
             | behavior of someone that has some connection to a crime but
             | not know who they are.
             | 
             | You might not know who robbed the bank, say, but you know
             | their getaway car was a red Corvette with a license number
             | that ended in 6. Or you might know that a recently killed
             | body was disemboweled with a Kobalt brand model
             | #TRS-5CF-K34714 trenching spade (it was left at the scene)
             | and your forensics people were able to determine that it
             | had not been used before this so was probably recently
             | purchased.
             | 
             | In the first case, you are going to ask your state's motor
             | vehicle department for a list of all registered red
             | Corvettes in the area of the robbery. In the second case
             | you are going to see if any Lowe's in the area (Kobalt is
             | their house brand) can tell you who recently bought a
             | #TRS-5CF-K34714 trenching spade.
             | 
             | You aren't asking because owning a red corvette is
             | incriminating, or because owning a #TRS-5CF-K34714
             | trenching spade is incriminating [1]. You are asking
             | because whoever did the crime is probably either in the set
             | of red corvette owners for the robbery or the set of
             | #TRS-5CF-K34714 trenching spade owners for the
             | disemboweling, or someone in those sets is connected to
             | whoever did the crime. Even if the connection is innocent
             | talking to them can be useful--the red Corvette may have
             | been a ride share, for example, and the driver had no idea
             | he was serving as getaway driver, but he still may be able
             | to provide details about the robber that will help find
             | him.
             | 
             | Here it sounds like they determined that there was someone
             | connected to the shooter and they wanted to find that
             | person but did not know their identity, but did find out
             | somehow that it was likely they had read that article
             | within a 35 minute window on a particular day (I have no
             | idea how they would have found that out).
             | 
             | [1] I own one. It's great!
        
         | graderjs wrote:
         | I think maybe they have a phone, with the story in the browser
         | history, and they want to link it to a wifi point.
        
           | mcbutterbunz wrote:
           | That seems plausible but I would think that there could be a
           | lot of other sites the person visited that would be easier to
           | track down. Maybe that's what they did and the reason they're
           | dropping this subpoena.
        
             | graderjs wrote:
             | That's what I think, yeah -- they cross-referenced the
             | information anotherway (from another technical source or
             | like you say, another site maybe) and withdrew.
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | Article:
             | 
             | > was withdrawn after investigators found the person
             | through other means
        
             | laurent92 wrote:
             | This is just a charitable guess. A guess with equal
             | probability to anything.
             | 
             | Another guess is they want a precedent to subponea Fox News
             | readers and classify people by political opinion. Albeit
             | less charitable, it has equal probability.
        
           | strken wrote:
           | It's also possible they've got a video or picture with the
           | story open on a screen in the background.
        
         | beermonster wrote:
         | I'd imagine it's part of the process of attribution for
         | something. If you know they accessed the news site during a
         | time frame it may help with attribution or possibly placing
         | them in a certain location at a certain time - both of which
         | might be important and both of which you may know via some out
         | of band method.
         | 
         | It could also be used to de-anonymise someone if they made an
         | OpSec mistake e.g. accessing the news site outside of Tor or a
         | VPN and you happen to know (via some out of band method) that
         | they did this and so could use it to get their actual-IP.
         | 
         | It wouldn't be a straight forward "if you accessed a news page
         | you are guilty of something".
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | Copy-paste deanonimization attacks are thing and have exposed
           | people in this exact manner.
           | 
           | Having only one connection going over Tor is a big risk that
           | forces the user to constantly recalculate the information
           | horizon. Easy mistake to make.
        
       | dredmorbius wrote:
       | In an age where newspapers were bought at news stands for cash,
       | identity of the reader was entirely anonymous.
       | 
       | In an age where printed periodicals were delivered by
       | subscription, the subscriber information was available (and yes,
       | often tracked by local and federal law enforcement), but not the
       | specifics of what articles were read.
       | 
       | Today, with Web-based document delivery and Javascript
       | instrumentation, the specifics of who reads what articles, time
       | on page, sections read, interactions, shares, and more, are
       | available not just to the publishere but advertisers, any
       | entities hacking into or accessing their systems, app developers,
       | and more.
       | 
       | And, yes, law enforcement, whether under warrant, subpoena, or
       | ... other methods.
        
         | sgt wrote:
         | I still read my "primary" newspaper like an old newspaper, in a
         | sense.
         | 
         | Yes, I read it on my iPad through an app, but it simply renders
         | a PDF of the actual physical newspaper and its layout.
         | 
         | So there's no way to fit dynamic ads, JavaScript nuggets, etc.
         | They can't really determine what article I read.
         | 
         | I think that should really be the norm for electronic
         | newspapers. How is it in other parts of the world?
        
         | blablabla123 wrote:
         | > In an age where newspapers were bought at news stands for
         | cash, identity of the reader was entirely anonymous.
         | 
         | Still, everybody on the street could see what we read while
         | carrying the paper home. That can easily be dozens or hundreds
         | of people. In some sense the periodic subscription via snail
         | mail is in some sense the most private form. Sure, in the Web
         | everything is tracked but in the average case literally nobody
         | is aware of what we read. The worst case scenario can be quite
         | bad though...
        
         | simfoo wrote:
         | Actually this track-ability is what is keeping me from
         | subscribing to news websites. I'd easily pay a few bucks to
         | them for the privilege, but I don't want to log-in or identify
         | myself every time I read an article.
        
           | chrisrogers wrote:
           | Yeah for this you would need to sign up using a one-use
           | mailbox, pay by mailing in a cashier's check, atop hiding
           | your traffic. Possible with the NY Times, at least.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Why a cashier's check? Shouldn't you send in $1 coins
             | (after baking them) and pray that they arrive?
        
               | 1f60c wrote:
               | What do you mean by "baking"? Google is unhelpfully
               | showing me results about crypto currencies and how to
               | literally bake coins into a cake.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Heating them in the oven to clean off any identifying
               | residue.
        
               | spinax wrote:
               | I would use an acetone soak.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | I highly doubt baking them will do that.
        
           | lixtra wrote:
           | Same here. They could send out a daily e-paper though (and
           | some do!).
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | Absolutely this, yes.
        
           | gentleman11 wrote:
           | Ads technica disables tracking if you are a paying subscriber
           | last I checked
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | It's quite likely that if you do not use an add blocker and
           | disable all social media tags on those pages using a js
           | blocker that what you read is already coupled to your profile
           | in some database.
        
         | user3939382 wrote:
         | The "other methods" is the curious facet of this story to me.
         | With stuff like this [1] [2] I wonder if the FBI really "needs"
         | USA Today to comply to get this information or rather, this is
         | part of a long-term strategy to get legal precedent on their
         | side. The same dynamics were in play with the San Bernardino
         | shooting, where they made a big deal out of getting data they
         | didn't seem to actually need.
         | 
         | 1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_Data_Center
         | 
         | 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room_641A
        
           | toomanybeersies wrote:
           | I this case, I think it's a genuine mea culpa from the FBI,
           | without explicitly admitting they were wrong.
           | 
           | The subpoena, and USA Today's response [1] paints a picture
           | of an incompetent and/or inexperienced FBI agent, who is
           | unaware of existing Justice department guidelines
           | specifically prohibiting her from serving such a subpoena.
           | 
           | Reading between the lines, citing "other methods" is the
           | FBI's way of quietly withdrawing a subpoena that should never
           | have been served.
           | 
           | [1] https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.
           | 231...
        
             | shkkmo wrote:
             | I think describing this as a "mea culpa" when the FBI has
             | refused to admit any wrong doing or mistake and also has
             | issued nothing like an apology, is not reasonable.
             | 
             | > "The subpoena is being withdrawn because intervening
             | investigative developments have rendered it unnecessary,"
             | an FBI spokesperson said.
             | 
             | I think this is nothing like a "mea culpa", but instead has
             | absolutely everything to do with managing the establishment
             | of precedents to work in the favor of the FBI whenever
             | possible.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | I hadn't considered the precedent angle. That's an
           | interesting one.
           | 
           | I was thinking along the lines that evidence already exists
           | that would provide much the same value as the access logs
           | might, but the access logs would either provide cover for
           | introducing that evidence, or provide the value without
           | disclosing other surveillance methods.
           | 
           | Either of those prospects is troubling.
        
             | CapitalistCartr wrote:
             | Parallel construction.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_construction
        
         | qualudeheart wrote:
         | You can get around that if you search for link urls in archive
         | sites.
         | 
         | Someone usually will have archived the article there.
         | 
         | If you feel a bit more ambitious you could make a bot that runs
         | on a vps somewhere and automatically scrapes news articles.
        
           | TooCleverByHalf wrote:
           | Sure. But that's not the point.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | Tor seems to work reasonably well, except that many
           | mainstream media sites block, throttle, or CAPTCHA it.
        
             | nuker wrote:
             | VPN plus incognito (private) browser window is easier than
             | tor and roughly same protection level. That is for general
             | use, not for hardcore anonymity.
        
               | xxs wrote:
               | Those youtube ads sure helped the VPN popularity. There
               | is absolutely no reason to believe VPNs are even remotely
               | secure.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | History's shown that for numerous VPN providers that's
               | _not_ the case.
               | 
               | Chief value of (public/general) VPNs seems to be 1)
               | accessing region-zoned content or 2) protection against
               | local-segment interception.
               | 
               | The benefit of 2) is balanced against the fairly strong
               | probability that the VPN provider itself is heavily
               | surveilled or actively aiding in monitoring activities.
        
               | qualudeheart wrote:
               | With some vpn providers you can look them up in court
               | records to see if there are any mentions of them keeping
               | logs.
        
             | pabs3 wrote:
             | Combine Tor Browser with the archive.org/archive.is sites?
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | Internet Archive / Wayback Machine works.
               | 
               | Archive.is runs Tor through a Cloudfront captcha which
               | fails consistently in my experience.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > Archive.is runs Tor through a Cloudfront captcha which
               | fails consistently in my experience.
               | 
               | Just tried it now and works for me.
               | 
               | It is an annoying captcha, it had something like five
               | steps to complete, but I've seen worse. I'd rather this
               | captcha than the one that Roblox uses.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | You only get that far with JavaScript on. At that point,
               | tor is like a hot pink tank. In theory safer than
               | nothing, but standing out a lot.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | Yes that's true. I had JavaScript on.
               | 
               | I agree that turning on JavaScript with Tor is risky from
               | a security viewpoint. It significantly increases the risk
               | that your real identity may be unmasked.
        
             | qualudeheart wrote:
             | Yeah I like tor because the tor browser has built in
             | fingerprinting protection.
             | 
             | Otherwise you could use a privacy hardened firefox version
             | along with some kinda proxy.
             | 
             | I would say you could rent your own vps, use a vpn service
             | that maintains their own servers, use a decentralized vpn
             | (these are a new development) or just use someone else's
             | wifi that you don't also use with your ,,real" identity.
             | 
             | Opsec can be hard to maintain but boy is doing so fun.
        
               | hanniabu wrote:
               | Haven't heard of decentralized vpn yet, have any
               | suggestions to look into?
        
               | qualudeheart wrote:
               | Two providers that I know of are Sentinel vpn and
               | Mysterium vpn.
               | 
               | They're like tor where anyone can run their own node, but
               | unlike tor there is a financial incentive to run them
               | because they come with built in payment processing
               | solutions via cryptocurrencies.
               | 
               | Some people are skeptical of cryptocurrencies but I
               | consider this to be an excellent use case:
               | 
               | Securing coordination between actors that don't
               | necessarily trust each other through market incentives.
               | 
               | This would incentivize people to run their own nodes and
               | it would be less like tor where most exit nodes are
               | allegedly run by intelligence agencies.
        
       | myself248 wrote:
       | I'm curious if we'll ever find out what they thought they'd learn
       | from this.
        
         | pmorici wrote:
         | Maybe they were hoping to get enough information to do browser
         | finger printing?
         | 
         | https://coveryourtracks.eff.org/
        
         | mathattack wrote:
         | From the article, that's why they withdrew it.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | " The subpoena, issued as part of an investigation seeking to
         | identify a child sexual exploitation offender, was withdrawn
         | after investigators found the person through other means,
         | according to a notice the Justice Department sent to USA
         | TODAY's attorneys Saturday."
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | Sounds like they subpoenaed dozens of websites. While USA
           | Today fought it, the rest fell right over without mentioning
           | it/fighting it.
           | 
           | I've seen this before where a user got an email from Google
           | legal about a subpoena against them, spent $7k successfully
           | fighting it, but it didn't matter because several other
           | $BigCos didn't even let the user know.
        
           | bottled_poe wrote:
           | Right, so it wasn't public outrage around privacy that
           | impacted the decision at all.
        
           | resoluteteeth wrote:
           | I think you may have replied to the wrong comment.
        
             | tekromancr wrote:
             | I don't think they did. That reply tracks
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | To paraphrase: "What did they think they'd learn?"
               | "That's why they withdrew it."
               | 
               | I don't understand how that reply works. Can you
               | elaborate?
               | 
               | (The best way for me to reconcile those would be to
               | interpret it as a snarky "you're realizing it's useless,
               | they also realized that, so they withdrew it" but that
               | doesn't answer the question of why they made the request
               | in the first place. Or I could interpret it as "the quote
               | below is why they withdrew it" but that's even further
               | from answering the question of why they made the request
               | in the first place. Is it supposed to mean "they withdrew
               | it _so_ we don 't find out what they'd learn"? It's hard
               | to see how withdrawing the request helps very much there.
               | Overall, I'm lost.)
        
               | mathattack wrote:
               | Not being snarky- the FBI claimed they were looking for a
               | pedo and found him elsewhere.
               | 
               | It could be a smoke and mirrors response to get people to
               | say "well in that case..." but the article does answer
               | the question.
        
               | weaksauce wrote:
               | > but that doesn't answer the question of why they made
               | the request in the first place
               | 
               | most likely the fbi was monitoring some website somewhere
               | and the person of interest posted a link to or talked
               | about the article and it was 35 min after the story was
               | posted when the guy linked to it.
        
         | b9a2cab5 wrote:
         | More likely they acquired the data through other means like
         | hacking into a "foreign" server.
        
           | bellyfullofbac wrote:
           | Probably easier to subpoena the many many tracking pixel
           | providers embedded on the USA Today website...
        
       | codezero wrote:
       | It likely means they got this data more easily from a third
       | party, like an analytics or ads provider.
        
       | splithalf wrote:
       | They need to be penalized. For every high profile incident like
       | this, there are many more that never reach public scrutiny. The
       | leadership needs to be made accountable.
        
       | mortdeus wrote:
       | im just curious how they knew the person of interest read that
       | article?
       | 
       | Was he a person of interest in the lead up to the shootout, who
       | got away, and they were just grasping at straws to discover a
       | list of local area IPs correlated with known addresses he might
       | have been hiding out at so they could obtain a search warrant?
       | 
       | If that's the case, then honestly I don't think this is any worse
       | than when they force say Google or Facebook to provide such data
       | to government.
       | 
       | I don't see why the USA Today should get any special privileges
       | over any other tech company just because they are "media".
       | 
       | If we want to have an argument about the Government abusing it's
       | power to spy on us in general, that's one thing. But the USA
       | Today is literally saying its more important they protect the
       | illusion of their readers "privacy" (which we all know they don't
       | care about your privacy are willing to sell all your personal
       | info to the highest bidder, its in all their TOS) than it is to
       | try and help the cops catch a child predator...
       | 
       | I do agree that this does establish a troubling precedent, but i
       | kinda thought Snowden already made it blatantly clear that the
       | NSA and the CIA is already doing this.
       | 
       | It seems to me that the FBI is basically just trying to play
       | catch up, which we should be concerned about because they are
       | supposedly the agency put in place to police us. Those other
       | agencies are supposedly only supposed to police the world.
       | 
       | (which i never understood why thats supposedly okay. Americans
       | are the only people entitled to their privacy?)
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > I don't see why the USA Today should get any special
         | privileges over any other tech company just because they are
         | "media".
         | 
         | Because freedom of press is (in all democracies) one of the
         | highest ranking human rights.
        
       | boomboomsubban wrote:
       | >The government's own guidelines require the FBI to pursue
       | alternative sources before subpoenaing a newspaper
       | 
       | Or "we could always just buy this data, we requested it for some
       | other reason but the media got more pissy than we expected."
       | 
       | The entire thing is just so strange, why was the challenge not
       | hidden when the subpoena was?
        
       | malwarebytess wrote:
       | They'll just send a NSL instead.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | Don't think that works for pedos. But if we're not allowed to
         | see the NSLs, then who knows what they contain.
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | Biden has now made it policy to protect journalists from certain
       | means of investigation, but that can be reversed easily by the
       | next president, by Biden if they want, and because the has no
       | legal force, courts won't enforce it and it may be that the
       | biggest risk taken by violators is to lose their job.
       | 
       | Why isn't this made into a federal law? What constituency in
       | Congress is opposed?
        
       | jb775 wrote:
       | > should remind the Biden administration of the importance of an
       | independent press.
       | 
       | "Independent Press" a.k.a. leftist propaganda machine owned by a
       | handful of super rich elites.
        
       | mrmckizzle wrote:
       | I must be missing something here. How does it help an
       | investigation by fetching the meta data of those who read an
       | article? Anyone could of read the article within that time
       | period.
        
       | Turing_Machine wrote:
       | > President Joe Biden recently criticized the policy, saying it's
       | "simply wrong" to seize journalists' records.
       | 
       | The FBI is part of DOJ, which is an executive branch department
       | under Biden's direct authority. If he thinks it's "simply wrong",
       | he can just order them not to do it. He's not limited to
       | "criticizing" it.
        
         | jrockway wrote:
         | I think the article is conflating two points. Biden banned the
         | practice of compelling journalists to provide the identity of
         | their sources. That is totally unrelated to this subpoena,
         | which is attempting to get a list of people that read a certain
         | article.
         | 
         | Obviously it's also wrong to seek this information, but it's
         | not what Biden was talking about in the quote.
        
         | bowmessage wrote:
         | Good point. I'm not sure he's even aware of that option,
         | unfortunately.
        
           | hellow0rldz wrote:
           | Oh, he is. But it's good PR to make positive statements while
           | doing whatever you want.
        
             | Sebguer wrote:
             | He literally did ban the practice, though, and the quoted
             | line is after the reporting saying he did so?
        
               | hellow0rldz wrote:
               | No he did not. He gave a "direction". Which, legally,
               | means almost nothing.
               | 
               | > "Going forward, consistent with the President's
               | direction, this Department of Justice - in a change to
               | its longstanding practice - will not seek compulsory
               | legal process in leak investigations to obtain source
               | information from members of the news media doing their
               | jobs," Anthony Coley, Justice Department spokesman, said
               | in a statement.
               | 
               | They are changing a "practice".
               | 
               | One uses laws to prevent practices one does not like, not
               | "directions".
        
               | ncallaway wrote:
               | > One uses laws to prevent practices one does not like,
               | not "directions".
               | 
               | If you want a law to prevent this I'm not sure why you're
               | criticizing Biden. He is the President, no the
               | Legislature.
               | 
               | If you think there should be a law, then your complaint
               | should be for congress.
        
               | hellow0rldz wrote:
               | Is there a written order from the President saying this.
               | Is it public somewhere? If not, it's just PR.
        
               | colejohnson66 wrote:
               | Well, considering the DOJ is under his control, it's not
               | a "direction", but a "law" of sorts. Actual laws come
               | from Congress, which Biden doesn't control.
        
               | hellow0rldz wrote:
               | Same question to you: is there a written order from the
               | President saying this? Is it public somewhere? If not,
               | it's just PR.
        
           | GavinMcG wrote:
           | Are you suggesting he's senile? Stupid? It's not clear why
           | you'd think someone with Biden's political experience would
           | be unaware that the President is the head of the executive
           | branch.
        
             | Supermancho wrote:
             | > Are you suggesting he's senile?
             | 
             | Forgetful at the very least. Senile is unnecessarily
             | pejorative. He's an old man who doesnt do much more than
             | make political speeches in public.
             | 
             | > Biden's political experience
             | 
             | His team's political experience is more important, like
             | almost all POTUS before him.
        
         | Sebguer wrote:
         | He did:
         | 
         | "Going forward, consistent with the President's direction, this
         | Department of Justice - in a change to its longstanding
         | practice - will not seek compulsory legal process in leak
         | investigations to obtain source information from members of the
         | news media doing their jobs," Justice Department spokesman
         | Anthon Coley said in a statement Saturday.
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | This was not a leak investigation and they weren't after
           | sources. The article mentions the completely unrelated change
           | in policy regarding some other cases. The only correlation is
           | they involve newspapers.
        
           | mr_toad wrote:
           | > in leak investigations to obtain source information from
           | members of the news media
           | 
           | That means they won't subpoena journalists phone records when
           | looking for whistleblowers. It doesn't mean they won't go
           | after reader's IP when looking for other suspects.
        
       | sarak12070 wrote:
       | Look 20 years younger than your age Naturally
       | http://healthwithbeauty.xyz/2021/06/05/how-to-look-20-years-...
       | 
       | creepy animals that exist I am sure you don't know about these
       | animals https://www.interestingnews.club/2021/06/creepy-animals-
       | that...
       | 
       | Hong Kong parking space sells for $1.3M, sets new world record
       | https://www.interestingnews.club/2021/06/hong-kong-parking-s...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | wydfre wrote:
       | Did anybody bother to lookup the article they wanted to get the
       | IPs for and get scared out of their minds when they realize what
       | the title was?
       | 
       | No, I am wrong, Hacker News is right, I have learned my mistake,
       | we need anonymity - from everything. I don't want responsibility
       | for my actions - that's why I support the EFF, and I don't care
       | about the FSF. We deserve the same anonymity as the upper echelon
       | of the government, and who cares about unconditionally
       | accelerating the singularity with open-source.
       | 
       | Transparency - only Satan could want such a thing!
       | 
       | At least in my sect of Christianity, Satan only hurts bad people
       | - it's people themselves that are evil or want to make others
       | evil. Bit more theologically consistent.
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | They're just going to get it from they payment providers like
       | Visa, Mastercard, etc. Maybe even ISPs. Just because they gave up
       | on one avenue doesn't mean they won't use other methods to get
       | what they want.
        
       | throwitaway12 wrote:
       | This is a disgusting over reach of power as usual by the American
       | TLA's.
       | 
       | Please remember to always use a VPN, Tor, or other similar
       | technologies when using the internet to shield your self from
       | basic infringements of your privacy like this.
        
       | DaniloDias wrote:
       | Julian Assange reminds us that our entire journalism justice
       | system is fraudulent. This story is a drip in the ocean of
       | journalistic and justice corruption. We are not doing any better
       | today than we were yesterday.
        
       | a3n wrote:
       | So DoJ is like Google or Facebook: They silently do whatever they
       | want until it appears on HN, then they fix it.
        
         | judge2020 wrote:
         | All three share the trait of being in the public sphere. Graver
         | atrocities are happening across every other industry, they're
         | just boring/not newsworthy so nobody really applies scrutiny.
        
           | cschep wrote:
           | They also all three share the trait of not caring at all what
           | we hacker newsers think :D There just aren't enough of us.
        
             | judge2020 wrote:
             | I think the reason we often see FAANG-related issues
             | actually resolved when they're posted on HN is that so many
             | programmers who work at these FAANGs read HN and can
             | escalate real issues internally.
             | 
             | While there probably are thousands of real issues that
             | don't make it onto HN and thus never get resolved, there's
             | probably multiple millions of people just as desparate that
             | are just trying to skirt some rule or are telling half-
             | truths to try to get their way and bypass policies.
        
               | nexuist wrote:
               | This makes me wonder how a Hacker News-for-politicians
               | variant would fare, if political managers at various
               | levels in the chain could post under a pseudonym to bring
               | high level attention to some broken or un-oiled cog. Not
               | necessarily for civilians to find out but for other
               | political operatives to learn about and pull whatever
               | levers they can pull to resolve issues internally. My
               | understanding is that the government (at least the US
               | Fed) is very top->down information wise, and e.g. a town
               | clerk in Kansas has no available way to interact with INS
               | even when they need to for their job.
               | 
               | Let's say one day you stumble upon some nuclear
               | centrifuge in the middle of a field. Who do you even call
               | and how do you do it in such a way that you don't end up
               | on the no-fly list for the rest of your life?
        
               | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Sabotage
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | The DOJ was trying to catch a child molester. Not sell ads.
        
           | zapdrive wrote:
           | The perp was being investigated for possession of child
           | pornography. While not a saint, he was not a "child
           | molester".
        
             | arp242 wrote:
             | The trade in child pornography enables child molestation.
             | 
             | I suppose that if we get very technical you're technically
             | correct. Seems like an odd and very pedantic hill to die on
             | though.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Conflict minerals enable regimes that commit war crimes.
               | Does buying electronics made from such minerals make you
               | a war criminal?
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | This is a silly comparison and this "aha, but what about
               | this, huh?!"-style of conversation is not one I'm
               | interested in having.
        
               | laurent92 wrote:
               | Child pronography is any _depiction_ of someone under 18.
               | This includes:
               | 
               | - Drawings, 3D renderings,
               | 
               | - People you don't have the ID of. Remember the joke:
               | "Actress ___ turned 18, it is now legal to watch her
               | films."
               | 
               | While one of the gravest crimes, accusations of CP made
               | by police are wildly different from a human's definition
               | of it, and it is also at high risk of being used for
               | political reasons, we need to keep that in mind.
        
               | jlokier wrote:
               | I wouldn't call false accusations of such a serious crime
               | "technical" or "pedantic".
               | 
               | I'd call it "profoundly misleading about a serious
               | matter" at best.
        
         | toomanybeersies wrote:
         | How does HN play into this at all?
         | 
         | The FBI served USA Today with a subpoena. USA Today's lawyers
         | replied to the FBI, stating that the subpoena is "not
         | authorized under federal regulations, and object to its
         | service" [1]
         | 
         | [1] (page 15)
         | https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.231...
        
         | throw_nbvc1234 wrote:
         | In a democratic society, as an entity grows in power, so must
         | the level of transparency. Otherwise the will of the people
         | cannot be a real check on that power. Whether through standard
         | journalism (which seems to be lacking lately) or other means
         | this is still true.
         | 
         | Would you personally be (as) worried about mass surveillance if
         | you could somehow guarantee that every use of that power would
         | be reported on to the public; and that any abuses of power
         | would come to light? With the underlying assumption that those
         | abuses of power would also have consequences.
        
       | whereis wrote:
       | Did they want the readership data for malicious, unjustified
       | reasons?
        
         | xwolfi wrote:
         | No: they wanted to identify one sex offender, probably because
         | they knew he read this article somehow.
         | 
         | They did not care who read the article itself which was benign.
         | 
         | They wanted to create a precedent to make their job easier, not
         | realizing maybe people care less abt solving crimes than making
         | it forever possible to track who reads what.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | Probably not
        
         | chrischen wrote:
         | They probably just wanted it to make their jobs easier.
        
           | serf wrote:
           | That's a brilliant side-step over a morality qualm, without
           | ever really answering the question.
        
             | subroutine wrote:
             | What do you mean?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | decremental wrote:
             | "They probably just wanted it [...]" is the same as writing
             | "No, they probably wanted it [...]."
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | It's in the article. It was a criminal investigation. This is
         | no different than subpoenaing phone records or financial
         | records. They had a very narrow target and a specific objective
         | well within their purview and serving the public interest. The
         | subpoena was withdrawn because they caught the guy.
        
       | grouphugs wrote:
       | the nazis constantly obstruct the future they're imagining with
       | their own bullshit, this shits hilarious
        
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