[HN Gopher] Can Apple change ads?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Can Apple change ads?
        
       Author : prostoalex
       Score  : 89 points
       Date   : 2021-06-02 15:19 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ben-evans.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ben-evans.com)
        
       | whoisjuan wrote:
       | Clearly advertisement is a massive untapped market for Apple.
       | They have all the pieces to create a money printing machine.
       | 
       | They can push contextual ads in so many surfaces: Safari's
       | Typeahead, Maps, App Store, Wallet/Apple Card, Apple TV+, etc...
       | 
       | But the reality is that they can't create a narrative around
       | privacy focused ads without betraying their general privacy
       | narrative. Privacy and Ads are antagonistic concepts. Serving
       | effective digital ads depends entirely on knowing certains
       | characteristics and demographics of the end consumer.
       | 
       | Facebook and Google are better equiped to create a narrative that
       | reconciles ad serving and privacy because their core services are
       | "free". Apple simply can't because their core business is to sell
       | expensive phones and computers. Perhaps customers wouldn't care
       | about getting ads in their expensive iPhones, but once the cat is
       | out, I find hard to imagine a situation where that idea wouldn't
       | be deeply criticized and scrutinized.
        
         | pell wrote:
         | >Privacy and Ads are antagonistic concepts.
         | 
         | They didn't use to be. There might be room for competition by
         | avoiding the modern day advertising shenanigans.
        
         | npunt wrote:
         | There's a lot of sunlight between 'barely targeted brand ad'
         | and 'i was just talking about this exact product yesterday and
         | now its in an ad'.
         | 
         | It's the latter that creeps people out, especially combined
         | with a) data leaks, b) news coming out about how fine-grained
         | the targeting systems are, and c) a system that constantly nags
         | you to share personal information (FB).
         | 
         | Nobody balks at ads in magazines or TV or frankly half of the
         | youtube ads out there (other than we'd like less). I don't
         | think the narrative is at stake if the ads team is kept on a
         | short leash, which they likely will be, and I'm guessing
         | there'll be clear preferences to control this.
         | 
         | Agree completely Apple's potential ad surface area is big.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | It depends. Even if they do, if Apple's revenue levels off and
       | shareholders still demand growth, then the whole advertisement
       | story might repeat itself.
        
         | swiley wrote:
         | There's that rule about headlines with questions in them.
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | I'm not sure that an Apple targeted ad platform would be seen as
       | very different from Facebook's targeted ad platform by consumers.
       | It's true that Apple have a better track record of keeping data
       | private, and there's been no Cambridge Analytics style
       | atrocities. But providing tracking ads of any kind (whether
       | bundled by cohorts or what ever privacy enabling methodology
       | could be added) could tarnish their reputation.
       | 
       | Just because a business can destroy another huge companies
       | business model it doesn't mean that replicating it is a good
       | idea.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | I disagree. Apple has a more diversified portfolio of business
         | -- they don't need to go down the rabbit hole as deep as Google
         | or Facebook to get value.
         | 
         | Think of early Google... they made billions off of keyword
         | advertising before they integrated things like mapping and
         | created a surveillance network. I think a lot of that was
         | driven by walled gardens like Facebook killing the open web.
         | 
         | My guess is that Apple could leverage their relationship with
         | customers and trust in them to sell a premium ad product with
         | coarser targeting or for certain categories. They could do ad
         | placement in apps, for example, or combine ad placement with
         | one click purchasing.
        
           | npunt wrote:
           | I think you're right, it's hard to argue they'll do anything
           | near the full extraction playbook that FB/Goog runs because
           | of that diversification, and depending on where the ads are
           | placed, it may not risk the brand much.
           | 
           | My guess is app installs will be their target, for several
           | reasons:
           | 
           | 1. A lot of the most expensive/lucrative ads are for apps
           | 
           | 2. Apple has better data on this - ad networks had to guess
           | at what apps you had and how to attribute, while the iPhone
           | knows with certainty. [1]
           | 
           | 3. Apple already sells these ads in the App Store itself, so
           | it stands to reason putting these ads _in_ apps is just
           | another step.
           | 
           | 4. With IDFA gone, a lot of popular apps (that they want in
           | the app store) are losing revenue and will be looking for
           | alternate ways to support themselves. Better for the
           | ecosystem that devs are compensated.
           | 
           | Apple doesn't need to give ads the Apple treatment in the way
           | they do hardware products; they can do the more 'good enough'
           | TV & Music treatment of leveraging their position to get some
           | low hanging fruit. It'll pay for itself pretty quickly and
           | provide a nice revenue stream.
           | 
           | The more strategic value this brings is it gets them a few
           | steps closer to building their own search engine, providing a
           | revenue carrot should they decide to (or need to) break with
           | Google. Creating a search engine isn't exactly in Apple's
           | wheelhouse, but they are shifting toward services and
           | software more and more, it fits well with their privacy-
           | oriented strategy, and Google does still leave a lot to be
           | desired in UX and results. With Apple's very different
           | incentive/revenue structure, there's many decisions they
           | could make differently.
           | 
           | [1] Android used to support grabbing the user's app list but
           | that was shut off a few years back.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | It is not about Apple selling Ads per se, it is about Apple
           | trash talking tracking Ads while they are also selling
           | tracking ads themselves.
           | 
           | There is a different in _tracking_ and mass data, cross site
           | / domain data gathering . Now it seems Apple has successfully
           | lump these two together.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | What does any of this stuff mean? The obvious opportunity
             | is to redefine what a "good ad" is!
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | Why does Apple need to get into ads at all? They seem plenty
           | profitable already without abusing their users.
        
             | nojito wrote:
             | Because the current system/platforms of ads in existence is
             | in anthesis to apples stance on privacy.
        
               | vineyardmike wrote:
               | Why replace ads when they could just kill them?
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | They've already increased the flagship phone cost like 250%
             | 
             | Wall St demands earnings growth.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | If they have an advertising network set up and realize they
           | can extract more value out of it, will they choose not to
           | just because they don't "need to"?
        
         | vineyardmike wrote:
         | The worst (best?) part is that apple _already_ sells targeted
         | ads - and they 're getting away with it without major backlash.
        
         | virtue3 wrote:
         | Have we collectively forgotten about:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICloud_leaks_of_celebrity_phot...
         | 
         | ?
        
           | GeekyBear wrote:
           | Have you forgotten that more Google accounts were phished
           | than iCloud accounts in Celebgate?
           | 
           | >According to court filings, Collins stole photos, videos and
           | sometimes entire iPhone backups from at least 50 iCloud
           | accounts and 72 Gmail accounts.
           | 
           | https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-
           | intersect/wp/2016/03...
        
             | flixic wrote:
             | I don't remember reading any articles about leaked Google
             | accounts. Media is really distorting the reality when it
             | covers every little misstep by Apple, and ignore much
             | larger issues when it happens to other companies.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | > Apple claimed in a press release that access was gained via
           | spear phishing attacks.
           | 
           | Ah, because American celebrities spend so much of their time
           | clicking through junk mail and seeing where it goes. Makes
           | plenty of sense.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | There isn't a second set of technology used by American
             | celebrities. Smartphones are used by just about everyone
             | and email is part of that.
             | 
             | Spearfishing looks like legitimate emails to most people
             | which is why it works.
        
             | pdimitar wrote:
             | Of all the good reasons to criticize Apple, you picked the
             | most bogus one. Congratulations, that's an achievement. :D
             | 
             | You severely overestimate celebrities' technical prowess --
             | and underestimate their naivete. They live in their own
             | bubble of trust and laughs and fun and parties; and if
             | somebody crafts a message that looks to be from their agent
             | or a friend celebrity they absolutely WILL click on it and
             | will give their data willingly.
             | 
             | None of us has the entire picture of course, but after
             | knowing a few local celebrities 10+ years ago, I can
             | definitely believe they are that gullible so as to make a
             | spear-phishing attack successful.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | It sounds like they're just like everyone else then: in
               | which case, even more users were vulnerable, and Apple
               | has even more incentive to secure their system. Is there
               | anything I'm missing here?
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | Nothing, except for the fact that people hate managing
               | passwords with a passion and take the risk for their
               | accounts _willingly_ (I 've had the heated table
               | discussions to prove it). For them it's all about the
               | tradeoff between "how much energy must I invest?" and
               | "how much do I care if I lose this account?".
               | 
               | Most of the people I knew only enabled 2FA on their Gmail
               | because they really couldn't afford to lose it.
               | Everything else they were very meh about. They even had
               | 000000 as their online banking PIN... <facepalm>
               | 
               | Password managers only started gaining prominence after
               | biometric authentication allowed you to access your
               | passwords with your finger or face.
               | 
               | So yeah, celebrities are users like all others -- if not
               | slightly worse even.
               | 
               | I am pretty sure every corp like Apple, Google, Facebook,
               | Microsoft et. al. would _love_ to enforce maximum
               | security but they also have to be very careful not to
               | alienate their users. One good example is Google who will
               | pester you for 2FA and recovery codes but never truly
               | force you; they prefer to ban your account for suspicious
               | activity instead (happened to one guy I knew some 3-4
               | years ago because his drunk friends tried to breach his
               | Gmail account from several different phones).
               | 
               | So I get it, you don't like Apple, but as I have snarkily
               | remarked above: it's for the wrong reasons. (I don't like
               | them either but it's for completely other reasons.)
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | And, let's be clear, this is true for almost everyone --
               | even most HN commenters. Companies have spent years
               | training people to expect email from bizarre domains,
               | with random attachments or HTML links which point to
               | gibberish tracking URLs, etc. Spam filters have gotten
               | better but by far the best protection move has been
               | widespread U2F/FIDO deployment.
        
             | procinct wrote:
             | Maybe if you're referring to regular phishing sure, but
             | spear phishing is specifically designed so it won't go to
             | your junk email and will look like something made for them
             | personally, there won't be any spelling mistakes, it will
             | have been sent from a likely email source, it will most
             | likely contain some personal information. The right phish
             | at the right time could catch just about anyone out.
             | 
             | There's a great talk at Black Hat about how Stripe trains
             | staff against these sorts of phishing campaigns and these
             | are highly technical people and they still click the links.
             | https://youtu.be/Z20XNp-luNA
        
             | yumaikas wrote:
             | Spear phishing, by design, is intended to _not_ look like
             | junk mail. Maybe it 's designed to look like it came from
             | an agent? Maybe like it was from someone they had hired to
             | take care of their pets, or kids? If you're constantly busy
             | (and it is my understanding that many celebrities are busy,
             | at a bare minimum), and you don't want to think too hard
             | about a particular thing, then a spear phishing attack
             | could quite easily hit you, if your guard isn't up, and you
             | don't consider technology to be a battelground.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | Sounds like a security oversight on Apple's behalf then.
               | iCloud should have 2FA enabled by default if it's so easy
               | to trick the subconscious user into handing over
               | credentials. Furthermore, it's already been confirmed
               | that iCloud had multiple exploits allowing for brute-
               | force and injection attacks[0] at the same time that the
               | hacks happened, so it's definitely more feasible that an
               | unpatched, full-disclosure exploit was abused instead of
               | a couple hundred interns all clicking on the same spam
               | email at the same time.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/icloud-accounts-risk-brute-
               | force-a...
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | You might want to read up on the history: this is a key
               | part of why Apple needed up the _default_ experience
               | because hectoring users about using strong passwords, not
               | sharing them, etc. hasn't worked. A lot of what we take
               | for granted now was contentious at the time and it's
               | taken years to improve the balance in a user-friendly
               | manner -- and pointing out that they acted on problems
               | years ago seems more like a positive than supporting
               | whatever point you think you're making.
        
             | reaperducer wrote:
             | Considering the celebrities involved, I find this entirely
             | likely.
             | 
             | Heck, corporate CEOs get nailed by spearfishing. There was
             | an article on HN just a couple of years ago showing that
             | even many CIOs can't tell a real e-mail from a fake one.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | Or CISOs, or analysts. Technically proficient users are
               | _more_ likely to spot a problem but nobody is immune --
               | it's just a question of how much someone wants to spend
               | targeting you.
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | Forgotten about the time celebrities got their passwords
           | compromised by social engineering attacks, something there's
           | no reasonable way for Apple to prevent?
           | 
           | No, but why on earth would it be relevant?
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Not to mention that Apple has already tried running their own
         | targeted ads business once and failed.
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | > Just because a business can destroy another huge companies
         | business model it doesn't mean that replicating it is a good
         | idea.
         | 
         | That's the big takeaway here. As far as I can tell, Apple
         | really stands to gain nothing by blocking trackers when it's
         | one of the smallest concerns I have with regards to modern
         | digital privacy. Snowden didn't warn people about ads, he
         | warned people about massive surveillance campaigns operating
         | just out of view of the public.
         | 
         | The largest modern privacy concern is being dependent on any
         | one private party. Relinquishing all control of your data,
         | software and hardware to the largest company in the world is a
         | security concern. Whether it's a sacrifice you're willing to
         | make or not is a different story.
        
           | Angostura wrote:
           | > Snowden didn't warn people about ads, he warned people
           | about massive surveillance campaigns operating just out of
           | view of the public.
           | 
           | Snowden's areas of expertise wasn't ads. He warned about that
           | which he had direct experience of - he didn't warn about
           | global warming either.
        
           | defaultname wrote:
           | "The largest modern privacy concern is being dependent on any
           | one private party."
           | 
           | How does that follow at all? It doesn't.
           | 
           | Further, Snowden pointed out government abuse surreptitiously
           | gathering user data. In the wake of that the government has a
           | much, much harder time doing so covertly, so in many cases
           | they engage in the same data broker activities that everyone
           | else does. They don't have tap underseas cables anymore --
           | they can just buy the data wholesale from a wide variety of
           | sources.
        
       | ddxv wrote:
       | Apple is fooling everyone into thinking they are providing
       | privacy when all they've done is restrict cross app tracking.
       | Facebook, Google etc can still track anything you do in those
       | apps at the user level which is tied back to a real name most
       | likely. They're losing insight into what you did post click into
       | other apps, but it doesn't change the basic information they
       | track about you in their own applications.
        
         | judge2020 wrote:
         | Obviously - that's why the prompt says "Allow <app> to track
         | your activity across other companies' apps and websites?"
         | instead of "Ensure privacy within this app".
        
         | geewee wrote:
         | This is still a huge deal though. Facebook and google scour so
         | much data through stuff like facebook pixels and google
         | analytics - there's no need to give them anymore than what they
         | already have.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | What's the point though? They can still continue to collect
           | data on you based on your Chrome history, the Tweets you
           | like, the articles your read, and everywhere else you
           | interact with their discrete services. Apple is swatting
           | privacy flies when Google and Facebook are holding a knife to
           | your throat.
           | 
           | Furthermore, it's not like Apple themselves don't provide
           | targeted ads[0]. All they're doing now is inroading the ad
           | system through their own proprietary API so they can get a
           | cut. What was wrong with the previous one, you may ask? It
           | wasn't making them enough mone- erm... it wasn't secure
           | enough! GUID fingerprinting isn't vague enough!
           | 
           | [0] https://searchads.apple.com/advanced/
        
             | pdimitar wrote:
             | > _What 's the point though?_
             | 
             | I am not inside any of these corps but I started using a
             | PiHole at home for 7 months now. Plus I installed
             | ad/tracking blockers on all of family's devices, and
             | installed every possible privacy addon on their web
             | browsers.
             | 
             | The result? In the rare cases when I had to open up the
             | machine and so the PiHole was down, we've all seen the most
             | random ads you can imagine -- and super generic. They knew
             | my mother's phone was of an elderly woman so they pushed
             | ads of all sorts of knee protectors and sore throat
             | pills... ironically she has zero problems with both!
             | 
             | Same for me. Apparently being 40+ I now need to buy one car
             | each week and dream of going to "beach retreats full of
             | young women" (that was literally the text of 10+ ads I've
             | seen). Little do they know I am very happily married.
             | 
             | Examples abound. It's kind of hilarious.
             | 
             | Back to your point, and with us being techies, I think we
             | are under no illusion that the corps still know quite a few
             | things about us. But I am here to tell you that if you try
             | well enough they'll eventually lose the big picture of you
             | and will only have a few separate quanta of data about you
             | which they aren't sure what to do with -- at least when it
             | comes to targeted advertising.
        
       | thomascgalvin wrote:
       | I think the real question is, can ads change in response to
       | Apple?
       | 
       | Because Apple has already implemented do-not-track, and from what
       | I read, CPM is cratering. That leaves the ad industry with three
       | options:
       | 
       | 1. Adapt to the new, anonymous normal. Targeted ads will no
       | longer be a thing, so ads will have to be based on the content
       | viewed, not the viewer.
       | 
       | 2. Invent a new way to track users. I suspect many are hard at
       | work on this already, and is definitely Google's plan. In
       | Google's case, the tracking will look more like aggregate data
       | than a fingerprint, but the end result is still targeted
       | advertising.
       | 
       | 3. Go out of business.
        
         | ddxv wrote:
         | Do not track is marketing jargon. Apps can still continue to
         | track users individually. What was lost was cross app tracking
         | which was used for most mobile app ads.
        
         | blahburn wrote:
         | 2 is already happening. Facebook is pushing hard to get full
         | data from partners to optimize ad tracking. Just look at the
         | maximum data option for the Shopify integration now:
         | 
         | "The Maximum setting shares your customer's personal
         | information to match users on Facebook's network. The
         | information collected using this setting includes your
         | customer's name, location, email address, and phone number, as
         | well as their browsing behavior in your online store."
         | 
         | https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/promoting-marketing/analy...
        
         | op03 wrote:
         | 4. Braindead Apple users press the allow tracking button.
        
           | ratww wrote:
           | It's not too many: https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/202
           | 1-05-10-13-percent...
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | It would be interesting to see what would happen if Apple
             | presented a similar big blue button allowing you to install
             | third-party IPAs from the internet. User choice is what
             | matters, right?
        
         | hpoe wrote:
         | Honestly I don't understand why 1 is so bad? Does anyone have
         | hard data that all of this tracking and user profiling is
         | actually resulting in increased ad revenue? I for one have
         | never liked personalized ads as it is almost always is
         | something I don't want, already have, or just bought.
         | 
         | It seems if you show me ads optimized to the content I am
         | viewing it would turn out better. After all I will probably
         | only want to purchase one chainsaw in my life, but if I am
         | looking at how to cut down a tree it would make sense to show
         | me chainsaw ads for that tiny sliver of time, then never again.
         | 
         | Why did it get this way?
        
           | asutekku wrote:
           | For us advertising a product with targeted ads definitely
           | performs better than non-targeted ads. Also remember that
           | most stuff being advertised is consumable so you will most
           | likely at some point buy it again.
        
           | ipsi wrote:
           | > it is almost always is something I don't want, already
           | have, or just bought.
           | 
           | The explanation I have heard for the "just bought" scenario
           | (I heard it on the internet, so grain of salt and so on) is
           | that they're looking to catch people who purchased the item
           | but have returned it, and are now in the market for a
           | different version of the same item (e.g., you returned the
           | chainsaw because it was too small, and now want a bigger
           | one). Which makes sense, but whether there are _enough_
           | people in that scenario to be worth the cost...
        
             | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
             | That seems unlikely, when you consider the advertising
             | market and how it works. Fundamentally, the providers (i.e.
             | the chainsaw store) don't tell the advertising platforms
             | when a person buys a chainsaw (and often they can't tell
             | themselves).
             | 
             | So, what ends up happening is the situation that many
             | people complain about is that the provider shared a list of
             | people who looked at chainsaws, and then the advertising
             | platform shows them ads until they run out of money/find
             | more profitable ads to sell.
             | 
             | From the perspective of the ad platform, it doesn't matter
             | that you already bought it. From the perspective of the
             | provider, this is acceptable waste.
        
           | kn8 wrote:
           | It might be that personalised ads are only marginally better
           | (if at all), but the perception of the advertisers and
           | publishers is that it's very important, thus creating a
           | (fakeish) moat for Google, as it's more difficult to execute.
           | Or maybe that's really not that important, as the biggest
           | moat remains Google being number one web destination.
        
         | NicoJuicy wrote:
         | 4. Force social logins for apps and use that as tracking
         | identifier.
         | 
         | No longer anonymous ads
         | 
         | ( Or people could just pay for the app as alternative. But that
         | won't happen)
        
       | lastofthemojito wrote:
       | Kind of a tangent, but was this bit about iPods being a bigger
       | business than the Mac ever true?
       | 
       | > Once upon a time, Apple was the iPod company. iPods were a much
       | bigger business than the Mac, and they also made Apple a dominant
       | force in the music industry.
       | 
       | I Googled "peak iPod" and saw Q4 2007 listed as the peak for iPod
       | sales. Apple's Q4 2007 results list $1.619 billion in iPod
       | revenue and $3.103 billion in Mac revenue. There is another $601
       | million in "other music related products and services" but added
       | to the iPod revenue that still doesn't equal the amount of money
       | the Mac was bringing in (and the Mac was likely responsible for
       | almost all of Apple's peripheral, software and service revenue).
        
         | dwighttk wrote:
         | 2006 iPods and Macs were both around 40% of Apple revenue
         | 
         | 2007 iPhone launched and absorbed a bunch of iPod sales so I
         | think your search was giving you just past the peak.
        
         | CrazyStat wrote:
         | Q4 2007 (real calendar) is actually Q1 2008 (October-December
         | 2007) by Apple's fiscal calendar. They reported $3.997 billion
         | in iPod revenue that quarter, compared to about $3.5 billion
         | for Macs.
         | 
         | iPods always did well in the 1st quarter as that captured all
         | the Christmas gift sales.
        
           | nolok wrote:
           | Which means that annually, Macs were still ahead by a large
           | amount at iPod peak
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | Sure, but you'd see more people out-and-about with an iPod
             | than you would with a Macbook. The iPod was the beginning
             | of Apple's legacy as a status symbol.
        
       | musicale wrote:
       | Apple is presumably accelerating the shift to server-side
       | cookies, tracking, and data aggregation.
        
       | smoldesu wrote:
       | Remember that Apple's end goal is to ultimately reroute users
       | through their own devices and experiences, where they can
       | ultimately take a cut of the profits. Nobody is truly benevolent
       | to the user in this case, it's just a matter of Apple's dystopian
       | capitalist future versus Google's dystopian capitalist future.
       | The tiebreaker for me is which company is willing to be more
       | open, and accept users who want to extend their products. At the
       | end of the day, that's Google, Microsoft and (to a lesser degree)
       | Amazon, who have _at least_ put in the effort of giving
       | developers documentation and API access.
       | 
       | I can't support Apple's crusade to change ads if they just want
       | to take me out of one Matrix battery pod and into another, Space
       | Grey one.
        
       | anti-nazi wrote:
       | re-inventing advertising in 2021 makes you a fucking moron
        
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       (page generated 2021-06-03 23:01 UTC)