[HN Gopher] The pandemic revives interest in a morbid French fin...
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       The pandemic revives interest in a morbid French financial scheme
        
       Author : tagawa
       Score  : 84 points
       Date   : 2021-05-29 10:54 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/GRsNr
        
         | nathanvanfleet wrote:
         | thank you
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Reminds me of assassination markets, until I saw that the current
       | owner gets a third of the cash up front, thats pretty different.
        
       | nraynaud wrote:
       | There is this story that one of the oldest woman in the world had
       | sold her house this way and that the buyer died before her.
        
         | Zababa wrote:
         | It is in the article, the woman was Jeanne Calment.
        
           | sebmellen wrote:
           | And she was not just "one of the oldest," but truly the
           | oldest.
        
             | nraynaud wrote:
             | well, I said "one of" because the title tends to change
             | hands over time.
        
             | erdewit wrote:
             | I've read recently that it may have been her daughter that
             | took over her identity.
        
               | sebmellen wrote:
               | For those who may be interested in reading the article:
               | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/study-
               | questions-ag....
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | And that there's an inherent conflict of interest instantly
         | created: anyone who could plausibly claim to be the tenant
         | would retain access to free housing for at least the duration
         | of their own natural life, or the life of the deception,
         | whichever comes first.
         | 
         | Elsewhere I've read that scientific evidence has shown that a
         | single condition has proved more effective than any other in
         | reducing maximum reported human lifetimes: accurate demographic
         | data.
        
       | exporectomy wrote:
       | What I like about these schemes is they allow old people to enjoy
       | the value of their property rather than enduring poverty just so
       | their heirs can have an unearned pile of cash. So much value in
       | the world is generated by hard working people then just dumped
       | into the flaming rubbish pit of reckless children and spouses by
       | inheritance. I wish inheritance wasn't the default way and you
       | had to explicitly assign property in your will or otherwise for
       | it to happen. The default would be that it goes to the state or
       | something else not personally connected to the dead person.
        
         | NicoJuicy wrote:
         | Government already takes a big % of inheritance.
         | 
         | That's why some people decline it too ( Belgium).
         | 
         | Default going to the state is insane and ineffective. People
         | would give it away more during their life.
        
           | mijamo wrote:
           | Well if you give it away during your life it would be taxed
           | as income, so not really a problem for the state either.
        
             | axiosgunnar wrote:
             | Gifts are tax free for everyone but the 0.1%ers.
             | 
             | It has nothing to do with income tax, since it was not
             | income for work rendered - it was a gift.
        
         | zepto wrote:
         | > just so their heirs can have an _unearned_ pile of cash
         | 
         | Do you think everyone should start out at zero and then build
         | up debt until they are old enough to start working and paying
         | it off?
        
         | GlennS wrote:
         | > The default would be that it goes to the state
         | 
         | I feel like this is a fight you will never win, and it's one I
         | have abandoned, but...
         | 
         | I think a better sell would be:
         | 
         | > The default would be that it goes to orphanages and adoption
         | services
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | nyokodo wrote:
         | > The default would be that it goes to the state
         | 
         | Because that's less of a flaming rubbish pit of recklessness
         | than family?
        
           | andyana wrote:
           | To the right state, I think it is less of such a pit, yes.
        
             | rkk3 wrote:
             | tell us when you've found one.
        
               | andyana wrote:
               | I'll do that. In the meantime, are you going to keep
               | doing nothing?
        
               | zarathustreal wrote:
               | I for one will continue doing nothing, much better than
               | taking steps in the wrong direction
        
               | andyana wrote:
               | Keeping active is good for you. Any steps that aren't
               | towards negativity are better than none at all, I reckon.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | exporectomy wrote:
           | Yes. That's why we pay tax to the state, not to family
           | members.
        
             | carlmr wrote:
             | This just gave me an idea. We could build houses that are
             | returned to the state when we die. In return there's no
             | property tax, no sales tax, no tax on repairs to the house
             | during your lifetime.
             | 
             | That way people could afford a home that is theirs until
             | they (and their spouse) die.
        
               | woah wrote:
               | Homeownership is already heavily subsidized by tax breaks
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | To banks. Those interest deductions aren't for _us_.
        
               | ABCLAW wrote:
               | We tried this. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_estate
               | 
               | The move from life estates and fee tails to fee simples
               | was not a mistake. It was a core component of western
               | society moving out of the feudal era. It's VERY difficult
               | to durably invest in lands and estates otherwise.
               | 
               | We should be railing against the return of economic
               | instability and lack of access to durable wealth for the
               | middle class, not accelerating our return to permanently
               | unlanded peasantry.
        
             | mucholove wrote:
             | Here, the members of the state leave the pensions fund dry,
             | the roads break down, the chemicals leech while they enjoy
             | a private jet and get arrested when they travel to the USA
             | on drug charges. Meanwhile, the prosecutor and the
             | journalists trying to expose the corruption risk life and
             | limb because these very same people want them dead.
             | 
             | I personally don't want the state to see any extra money--
             | in particular because this is a Republic, not a democracy
             | and so, I don't even get a chance to say anything.
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | You pay tax to the state bevause you have to. its not like
             | its ever a choice.
        
               | enjeyw wrote:
               | people choose to live in places with higher levels of
               | taxes, sometimes due to the associated benefits of those
               | higher taxes.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | There's a difference between choosing higher taxes and
               | tolerating higher taxes. Further, voting with one's feet
               | is easier said than done - the overwhelming majority of
               | people can't arbitrarily move wherever they like whenever
               | they like.
        
             | mosselman wrote:
             | You pay taxes because you enjoy benefits in return for
             | those taxes. Benefits like being protected by police, being
             | cared for in hospitals, getting an education in schools,
             | etc.
             | 
             | The government doesn't need your inheritance to provide all
             | this. What they need is for big companies to pay taxes as
             | well. So instead of taking my money by default when I die
             | instead of it going to my children, they should start by
             | making businesses and the ultra rich pay proper taxes.
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | Yes, you enjoy benefits from paying money to the state.
               | That's why we do it. Maybe ordinary tax could be reduced
               | if it got more revenue from estates. I don't know. The
               | point is not where the money goes, but where it doesn't
               | go - as unearned windfalls to arbitrarily chosen lucky
               | individuals who are often unequipped to manage it
               | effectively.
        
               | yossarian1408 wrote:
               | Such a twisted view. If someone works hard their whole
               | life, and wants their hard-earned (and already taxed)
               | money/investments to give their children a leg-up, who
               | are you to say no?
               | 
               | So they waste half a million on a ritzy house, or spend a
               | couple of months in Spain with their own kids. What's it
               | to you?
        
               | aaron-santos wrote:
               | Zoom out a bit and apply systems-level thinking. We all
               | know that a small number of locally applied rules lead to
               | complex emergent behavior. Millions of individual
               | inheritance decisions have an impact. We can choose to
               | believe that people, individually making self-interested
               | decisions, aggregates into a net good, but I'm not
               | exactly convinced based on whatever first principles are
               | in play.
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | I'm not saying no. I completely agree with you. You must
               | have misread my comment.
        
           | LatteLazy wrote:
           | Because then you could cut income taxes for people who work
           | or cap gains taxes for people who actually save. The fact you
           | pay more tax on things you earned than the inheritance
           | lottery is BS.
        
           | an_opabinia wrote:
           | Nothing says representative democracy like a law that would
           | take your assets and give it to the one party nobody ever
           | wants to give it to.
        
         | chrismcb wrote:
         | Why? So the will industry can make more money? If this was the
         | default, almost everyone would immediately set up a will to
         | give everything to their children . A lot of people want to
         | provide for their spouse and children, even after they are
         | gone.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | What happens to the old person's home when the financial
         | institution goes bankrupt?
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | I suppose the homeowners would be the debtors, and since the
           | institution went bankrupt, it presumably missed payments,
           | voiding the contract?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > So much value in the world is generated by hard working
         | people then just dumped into the flaming rubbish pit of
         | reckless children and spouses by inheritance
         | 
         | Most of inheritance in France goes to the state which is the
         | most rubbish pit of recklessness of all.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | joelhaus wrote:
       | Worked for two brilliant founders at a startup built around this
       | concept, Irene Retirement.
       | 
       | I'd still like to believe it can be institutionalized to address
       | many of the risks noted here by other comments.
        
       | elliekelly wrote:
       | This reminds me of an enterprising(?) Rhode Island lawyer/CPA
       | that I think the HN crowd especially will enjoy, however
       | distasteful his business might have been:
       | https://www.propublica.org/article/death-takes-a-policy-how-...
        
       | Zababa wrote:
       | I don't know if I would call the system morbid. This is a way for
       | someone old to get a revenue until he no longer needs it. Often
       | it's used to pay for a retirement home while the people buying
       | the property live in it, thus making it like paying back a
       | mortgage.
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | The buyer is essentially making a financial bet that pays out
         | if a stranger will die before a certain date. Even if it's a
         | mutually beneficial arrangement, that aspect feels very morbid
         | to me.
        
           | luma wrote:
           | I think the key problem is that it creates an incentive for
           | the hopeful buyer to see if they can't hurry the process up
           | some.
        
             | OldHand2018 wrote:
             | I would imagine that if the death is even remotely
             | suspicious, the beneficiary is going to be murder suspect
             | #1.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | So then the brokers are the serial killers like with life
               | insurance agents, because the surviving spouse always
               | gets convicted!
               | 
               | actually, because they always get convicted I don't have
               | any proof that the brokers are serial killers
               | 
               | I just dont have any faith in how district attorneys and
               | prosecutors work anymore
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | It's not murder to bully someone but it can shorten their
               | life.
        
               | bragh wrote:
               | There are legal ways to get around it. The viager system
               | is a plot device in this short story by Guy de
               | Maupassant: https://americanliterature.com/author/guy-de-
               | maupassant/shor...
        
             | homarp wrote:
             | which is the plot of this movie
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Viager
        
           | BenoitEssiambre wrote:
           | Isn't this the same as most pension plans and annuities?
        
             | fredophile wrote:
             | Yes, but with something like a pension plan you're pretty
             | much always dealing with a pool of people on both sides of
             | the transaction. In the situation in the article you can
             | have a single person on each side so a particular
             | individual is making a financial bet on another specific
             | individual dying sooner rather than later.
        
       | whall6 wrote:
       | So a reverse mortgage underwritten by an individual instead of a
       | bank...
        
         | dmurray wrote:
         | It's a (reverse?) mortgage combined with an annuity combined
         | with a forward sale.
         | 
         | Mortgaging all of your property and buying an annuity with
         | proceeds just seems like a sensible thing for anyone who is
         | retired and doesn't expect to leave a significant estate.
         | 
         | I don't really get why individuals are interested in the other
         | side of the trade, though. Real estate is an annoyingly
         | illiquid form of investment, so it's less attractive when you
         | don't get to actually use the property.
        
       | nkozyra wrote:
       | Isn't this effectively what a reverse mortgage is in the US?
       | 
       | You're given cash for your life up to the value of the home in
       | exchange for the home when you pass
        
         | fredophile wrote:
         | I don't believe these stop at the value of your home. It's as
         | long as you're alive. For most people that means they'll get
         | less than the value of their home but I've heard of one case
         | where a person ended up living for a long time and the
         | financial instrument being sold multiple times as a result.
         | It's like insurance, on average the insurance company makes
         | money but they can lose a lot of it on some individuals.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > Isn't this effectively what a reverse mortgage is in the US?
         | 
         | There are many kinds of reverse mortgage plans, including ones
         | that are functionally similar to this. (But there are also lump
         | sum, fixed payment term, and other variations that aren't.) And
         | even the ones that are functionally similar are technically
         | different, since technically they are loans that come due at
         | death secured by the property rather than a sale contract.
        
         | mjh2539 wrote:
         | It's more like an inverse life estate.
        
       | kleton wrote:
       | I had guessed from the headline that it would be the tontine.
        
       | gjvc wrote:
       | see also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tontine
        
         | Avshalom wrote:
         | The Economist was trying to sell those a while back
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14583273
        
           | rundmc wrote:
           | That was promoting Tontines rather than a Viagers. Seems like
           | the sales effort was successful because the OECD recommends
           | Tontines as the default pension systems now and Tontine Trust
           | is launching Tontines in 27 countries in the next year.
           | 
           | Disclosure: I'm the founder of https://tontine.com
        
         | nathanvanfleet wrote:
         | Like the episode of the Simpsons?
        
           | rundmc wrote:
           | The condensed Simpsons Tontine episode
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AqKjjhET2k
        
       | rebuilder wrote:
       | So my first thought was, I can see why this would appeal to the
       | seller, but why would a buyer prefer this to getting a loan?
       | There must be some way this lower cost for the buyer.
       | 
       | My second thought was, I'd rather not sell my house if it meant
       | someone was now going to directly benefit from my untimely death.
        
         | flal_ wrote:
         | It's usually largely under "regular" market value. ( but that's
         | still a bet over the life expectancy of the person ). Also you
         | basically don't pay interests. And in some times you can use
         | the property : the seller use the money to pay for a nursing
         | home for example.
        
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