[HN Gopher] The rise of crypto laundries: how criminals cash out...
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       The rise of crypto laundries: how criminals cash out of Bitcoin
        
       Author : tokyoseb
       Score  : 201 points
       Date   : 2021-05-28 11:00 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ft.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ft.com)
        
       | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
       | I may be biased since I am holding and mining crypto, but I find
       | recent slew of articles talking up the evils of crypto amusing.
       | From eco evils to national security. Crypto is the culprit and
       | banning it will bring salvation.
       | 
       | Just today my superior shared WSJ opinion piece saying it should
       | be banned altogether. I genuinely chuckled. It was ignored for so
       | long, but only now when it may be genuinely hard to just put
       | down, because real players joined the fray, did the offensive PR
       | started.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | >It was ignored for so long, but
         | 
         | Its easy to ignore a bad but unpopular thing. As the bad thing
         | gets popular, more will be written about it. Pretty straight
         | forward process.
        
         | AzzieElbab wrote:
         | I am pretty sure all the crypto in the world would not be
         | enough to maintain well documented laundering schemes that
         | cartels use.
        
         | entropic88 wrote:
         | It's not just a recent slew of articles - calls to ban and
         | framing it as tools for criminals and terrorists has been
         | repeated like a broken record for a decade now.
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | That might be your bubble , because in mine, I've seen
         | cryptocoins being attacked for as long as I've known about
         | them.
         | 
         | It's not that banning it will bring salvation, it's just that
         | it's one less evil to worry about, with no clear downsides as
         | crypto really isn't used for anything good.
        
           | _wldu wrote:
           | The same argument could be made for banning Tor. I disagree,
           | though, as these technologies can be and are used for
           | good/normal things. Not everyone is running guns, evading
           | taxes or selling drugs. In fact, most people aren't.
        
           | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
           | They were attacked, but about two years ago it was an attack
           | along the lines of 'Pfft, how can random mathematical
           | equation busy work determine value?', which was a lot more
           | reasonable. Current articles go for the emotional stuff.
        
         | nickpp wrote:
         | "First they ignore you"...
         | 
         | We are fast approaching the "fight you" stage.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | vyrotek wrote:
       | After learning about how expensive stolen art is exchanged as a
       | proxy for cash from "This is a robbery" on Netflix I started to
       | wonder if laundering is really needed with crypto. There are
       | probably clever ways to just exchange wallet ownership instead.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Yep. Anybody that is watching funds move across addresses has
         | no idea what they are doing. They rely on assuming that the
         | funds still have the same ultimate beneficial owner (UBO) who
         | is trying to hide, when that couldn't be further from the
         | truth.
         | 
         | Anybody that claims they know is just trying to scam a
         | government for a lucrative blockchain analysis contract. Just
         | another crypto entrepreneur aiming to leak fiat out of the
         | system, even while pretending to act like an adversary to
         | crypto users.
         | 
         | The reality is that:
         | 
         | A) the UBO either isn't trying to hide because they can acquire
         | the goods and services they want without laundering (other
         | tokens, governance control of a crypto network, passive income,
         | digital art, using the dirty funds to pump other tokens that
         | they already own with clean money allowing them to derive
         | entrepreneurial or trading genius benefits)
         | 
         | B) the UBO know they can launder whenever they feel like it or
         | get around to it
         | 
         | C) the funds have already changed UBOs to people that were not
         | involved and shouldn't be tracked, because A) and B) already
         | happened onchain or offchain
        
           | takeda wrote:
           | The thing is that wallet is digital. If I hand you an USB
           | stick with the wallet, that doesn't mean I no longer have it.
           | The USB could be a copy of it and I could still withdraw the
           | money. To be sure that doesn't happen the new owner would
           | need to transfer money to another wallet. Unless there's a
           | high trust that this won't be done.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | Yes, crypto can operate in a temporarily trusted
             | environment.
             | 
             | What I was describing here wasn't that, I am referring to
             | onchain transfers in trade for goods and services. (Part C
             | could also be hand to hand trusted transfer of a
             | wallet/private key)
             | 
             | Chain analysis still assumes that its the same owner or
             | related guilty beneficiary all the way to a centralized
             | exchange.
        
         | DennisP wrote:
         | The trouble is, there's no way to know that the seller threw
         | away their copy of the private key.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | The point is that crypto can operate in a temporarily trusted
           | environment. The subsequent owner does need to rotate
           | addresses as soon as possible. It is the blockchain analysis
           | that can't tell the difference between the prior owner moving
           | to another address that prior owner controls, or a different
           | owner moving addresses.
        
             | DennisP wrote:
             | There's little practical difference between:
             | 
             | a) I give you my wallet, and you immediately send the coins
             | to a new address to protect against my (potential) copy of
             | the wallet, or
             | 
             | b) I just send the coins to your new address myself.
             | 
             | Either way, the blockchain records a transfer from my
             | address to your new address.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | The difference is in the liability incurred.
               | 
               | So you're the blockchain analysis firm for the Department
               | of Justice, and you're like "omg omg look the coins are
               | moving! omg omg look its going to a centralized exchange
               | account lets go subpoena the records and find out who has
               | the KYC and identifying information behind that account."
               | 
               | DOJ busts down the door "aha! got you!"
               | 
               | If it was the person that actually hacked or did drug
               | trafficking, then they found that person and charge them
               | with that, wire fraud, money laundering etc.
               | 
               | If it was just the recipient then the investigation is
               | still ongoing and much lesser charges are possible. The
               | DOJ would at best case try to find out who the "kingpin"
               | is by overcharging the second person, but the primary
               | observation is that the DOJ has not stopped any
               | particular activity. Either way, its still not quite what
               | happens:
               | 
               | The reality is that it is many hops between unrelated
               | people before it hits a centralized exchange that is
               | subpoena-able at all. People.don't.need.or.want.fiat.
               | Especially not a lot of it at any given time. Even hedge
               | funds take in-kind investments of crypto to create a new
               | limited partner. People don't need to cash out first and
               | then invest that cash.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | I'm saying there is literally zero difference on chain
               | between the two scenarios.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | onchain, correct, it is indistinguishable.
               | 
               | the reality offchain can be very different, I was trying
               | to make clear just in case you or others that didn't
               | catch that. but I think we're agreeing on everything.
        
               | jack_pp wrote:
               | I always wondered about this but can't criminals just get
               | some kyc info from the black market or even some homeless
               | person and withdraw money in that person's name? Why
               | bother with obfuscating wallets chain hopping if all that
               | matters is to not be asociated with the name that
               | ultimately withdraws from an exchange
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | Going back to your question, then why bother with the
               | other stuff?
               | 
               | Not everyone wants fiat. Not now, not eventually. They
               | are able to obtain goods and services in crypto. They are
               | able to pay developers, buy games, invest in other
               | crypto/projects ensuring the success or perception of
               | success of people they like, control crypto networks with
               | voting power, create exchanges and other infrastructure.
               | There is no "eventually buy a multimillion dollar house
               | how do I do that inconspicuously or maybe I can buy it
               | with crypto in the future". It's just recognizing that it
               | is possible whenever you want, but also not a priority or
               | a necessary addition to what people value in this world.
               | 
               | It's fungible _enough_ for all the purposes that many
               | individuals with dirty crypto or organizations with dirty
               | crypto care about.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | They can and do. You can buy "Fullz" which are a random
               | ID leaked from a prior massive hack or just plain old
               | phishing, and create exchange accounts. Any new darknet
               | marketplace merchant starts off by selling Fullz and
               | tutorials for like $1 and to get their reputation up.
               | 
               | I would say the lack of major prosecutions on this is
               | because criminals still launder the money first and don't
               | want to frame people (or have the exchange account frozen
               | so soon), and DA/prosecutors use their discretion to tell
               | when its unlikely the person in question was the actual
               | person they are looking for, for now. Some people likely
               | are getting framed, judging from televised arbitration
               | shows like Judge Judy where the entertainer keeps cutting
               | off the defendant who calmly says their bank account was
               | compromised, and awards everything to the plaintiff.
               | 
               | This isn't crypto specific and is for bank and brokerage
               | accounts too. Most darknet money-isolating tutorials talk
               | about trading stocks in a brokerage account with
               | stolen/recreated credentials as well.
               | 
               | Unless an account in your name wire transferred money
               | directly for a shipping container full of cocaine, you
               | would never find out that someone has opened a
               | bank/brokerage/crypto account in your name and was
               | operating it like a normal person accumulating money and
               | occasionally trading.
               | 
               | Think of it like being a victim of identity fraud but the
               | fraudster improves your credit score by acting normally
               | and responsibly for you. That's literally whats happening
               | pretty often.
        
         | derefr wrote:
         | Laundering is needed if you want to (enable the people you
         | trade with to) ever spend the black-market money on white-
         | market goods.
         | 
         | Without that, your trading partner ends up holding a "dirty"
         | wallet -- just as if you gave them a suitcase full of marked
         | bills.
         | 
         | That wallet still holds value -- all dirty money does -- but
         | it's a lot _less_ value than cleaned money.
         | 
         | Databases of stolen credit card numbers sell for not-much
         | money. It's not just because you need stuff set up to drain the
         | cards; it's because the money you drain from the cards is
         | dirty. The dirty money is worth only about as much as the
         | database itself. It's when you clean it that it attains "face
         | value."
        
           | rokobobo wrote:
           | And the idea with stolen art is that "dirty art" should
           | theoretically always trade at roughly the same discount to
           | "clean art," and in fact, over time, as gaps in the
           | provenance become easier to patch up through fabrication, the
           | discount should reduce. In that sense, "dirty art" is an
           | investment, so the immoral of the super-rich are fine holding
           | it forever. Also, no need to pay estate taxes if it's already
           | an undisclosed asset on a yacht somewhere.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | The XMR to sXMR bridge is live and applauded by both the Monero
       | community and Secret Network community
       | 
       | Secret Network also has an AMM called SecretSwap for exchange to
       | any other asset
       | 
       | All smart contract execution on the secret network is private, as
       | in the variables and current state is not stored on chain for
       | perusal, all assets are smart contracts
        
         | digianarchist wrote:
         | Is the Monero community still working on atomic-swaps? If the
         | can pull that off it would make it very difficult to trace
         | money laundering activities.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | This would be one rendition of one
           | 
           | It is more so that the Secret Network is able to basically
           | shard a Monero multi-signature address across the SGX chips
           | that the validators are required to have, and from consensus
           | mint or burn sXMR when XMR is deposited or withdrawn
        
           | ChrisClark wrote:
           | They actually just launched XMR/BTC atomic swaps today. So
           | I'm sure a bunch of atomic swap tech on Monero is now
           | possible.
        
       | kasperni wrote:
       | https://archive.is/4U02A
        
         | speedcoder wrote:
         | Thank you for version not behind pay wall. I was worried I'd
         | have to pay in BTC.
        
       | jason0597 wrote:
       | I'm curious for the day when Monero overtakes Bitcoin as the
       | primary cryptocurrency for illegal dealings. Then law enforcement
       | will truly be hopeless.
       | 
       | Some drug markets are already dealing in Monero only. It's just a
       | matter of time before more people catch on.
        
         | Taek wrote:
         | Analytic techniques are getting better and the cutting edge
         | research strongly suggests that to a sufficiently sophisticated
         | attacker, Monero is fundamentally about as private as bitcoin.
         | 
         | Zcash from a theoretical perspective is a lot stronger, but I
         | believe from a practical perspective (due to things like
         | weaknesses in the mempool privacy) is also not very private.
        
           | cheeseomlit wrote:
           | >Monero is fundamentally about as private as bitcoin.
           | 
           | That's contrary to what I've read, care to expand? As far as
           | I know the IRS is still offering a bounty to crack Monero
        
             | Taek wrote:
             | https://gist.github.com/DavidVorick/0dbd4906bfa50b7d8dba23f
             | 7...
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | > due to things like weaknesses in the mempool privacy
           | 
           | What weaknesses? Anything besides IP?
        
         | stiltzkin wrote:
         | I believe Ether will overtake BTC first as primary
         | cryptocurrency, but XMR will play a big role as an altcoin too.
        
       | m00dy wrote:
       | I can tell one of the ways that is missing in the article.
       | 
       | Let's say, you have a lot of Bitcoins and your buddy is a bitcoin
       | miner. You craft your transaction such a way that you put all
       | your coins as transaction fee. You send your transaction only to
       | your buddy. Your buddy picks it up and solves the puzzle
       | afterwards. Fees will be converted to brand new coins.
        
         | vbezhenar wrote:
         | What's the point? It's not hidden after block is mined. You
         | would hide your trace if blockchain analysis tools did not
         | account for that use-case, but that's probably a known method.
        
         | flotzam wrote:
         | Brand new coins, but wouldn't they still look suspicious if the
         | block's coinbase is outlandishly large?
        
           | aqme28 wrote:
           | That used to be common before wallets got better. People
           | would accidentally set the fee way too high every once in a
           | while.
        
           | Taek wrote:
           | Also you'd be able to see which transaction paid the large
           | fee and what the history is.
           | 
           | Might go unnoticed if the original coins weren't suspicious,
           | but if an investigator is already looking at the original
           | transaction because they suspect it was involved in crime,
           | this type of jump is unlikely to throw them off the trail.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | It will literally be international news (in crypto circles)
         | when a transaction like that gets mined.
         | 
         | People frantically contact all the mining pools to see who
         | mined it and if they will return the funds to the sending
         | address.
         | 
         | This has happened many times and they usually do return it,
         | because people have nearly universal consensus that it was a
         | mistake.
         | 
         | Kind of not a great way because it is too conspicuous.
         | 
         | There was one time this happened that was interesting and
         | intended to be conspicuous:
         | 
         | Some hackers got access to an exchange, but the exchange had
         | some pretty good security and would not let them withdraw large
         | amounts, but the hackers could set the transaction fee. So they
         | started burning all the exchange's money by distributing them
         | to miners with this high transaction fee, to let the exchange
         | know they were serious and needed their demands met.
         | 
         | Could they have coordinated with a miner and nobody would be
         | the wiser? Sure.
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | This is effectively MEV on ETH. Happens all the time.
        
         | mgerullis wrote:
         | Is it possible to send out transactions without sending them to
         | the mempool?
        
           | alcio wrote:
           | yes, you can email it to your miner buddy.
           | 
           | it's possible to spot such transactions if they violate
           | transaction forwarding rules (aka standardness rules) but not
           | consensus rules. for example, a transaction greater than
           | 100kB is not standard but still valid.
        
             | Taek wrote:
             | Law enforcement watches the mempool, they can spot such
             | transactions anyway because they know it didn't ever show
             | up in their mempool logs.
        
               | mgerullis wrote:
               | Ok but is it really illegal? I doubt there's a law on who
               | can send who private BTC transactions? Or is it actually
               | possible to mark this as laundering?
        
               | Taek wrote:
               | There's nothing illegal here. The goal of privacy is to
               | avoid giving anyone a reason to suspect something. In the
               | case of money laundering specifically, you want to turn
               | money that looks extremely suspicious into money that
               | doesn't look suspicious at all.
               | 
               | Little tiny 'gotchas' aren't going to save you from a
               | determined investigator. They are trying to follow a
               | trail of evidence so they can produce more evidence. What
               | you need is a clean break, so that the investigator hits
               | a dead end and has no productive leads they can follow.
        
             | mgerullis wrote:
             | Yeah but wouldn't it require some kind of fork of the BTC
             | software (not chain) to actually include this transaction
             | without sending it to everyone else?
        
               | walls wrote:
               | The transaction is valid to all miners, it just isn't
               | shared with the network until your buddy finds a block
               | that includes it.
        
             | b10c wrote:
             | I've build a tool to detect differences between _my local_
             | mempool and what miners include in their block (there will
             | always be slight differences). This is primarily intended
             | to detect censorship, but can also detect transactions that
             | never entered _my_ mempool.
             | 
             | See https://miningpool.observer
        
               | neb_b wrote:
               | This is really neat. Have you thought about trying to
               | bundle it as an app that can be downloaded on umbrel?
        
               | b10c wrote:
               | Yes! Will be on umbrel eventually. Currently needs a
               | Bitcoin Core build from the master branch. The features
               | use should be in the upcoming release. Then Umbrel!
        
               | JefffJohn555 wrote:
               | Brilliant! I remember thinking about this problem a few
               | years back: what stops miners of a blockchain just
               | ignoring transactions/anything from certain entities. So
               | it's good that there exists a way to track such
               | behaviour, if it is occurring.
        
               | martinko wrote:
               | Economics. If miners consistently ignore certain
               | transactions, there is space for new miners to enter the
               | market and earn super-normal profit. After the next
               | difficulty adjustment cycle, the old, censoring miners
               | may be priced out.
        
         | crispyporkbites wrote:
         | I don't think that works at all? Your buddy would have to mine
         | that specific block to get the reward, which is based entirely
         | on chance. You'd also have to spend as much on the POW
         | electricity and hardware to have a chance of getting reward
         | anyway.
        
           | dopidopHN wrote:
           | Yeah unless your buddy is a mining pool, I don't follow how
           | that would work as well.
        
             | Aissen wrote:
             | Yup, for Bitcoin it would mean having the mining power of a
             | big pool, indeed.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | No, just a secret block that isn't broadcast to everyone.
               | 1 block a week is plenty to pull this off and that's just
               | 1/1,000th of the worlds mining power. Unless you get
               | really unlucky and the block fails to enter the block
               | chain letting someone else gets credit for the
               | transaction.
        
               | Taek wrote:
               | If you're really patient (and many big time criminals
               | are), you only need to mine once every few months, maybe
               | once a year or less. That's still hundreds of thousands
               | of dollars of mining equipment, but well in reach for
               | many.
        
               | Aissen wrote:
               | I'm curious what it's like, so here is a small
               | calculation. Some metrics:
               | 
               | - 144 blocks per day are mined on average
               | 
               | - the current network hashrate is 145M TH/s
               | 
               | - a 100 TH/s rig is about $10k.
               | 
               | The investment to be able to have full control of mining
               | one block on average, without electricity, internet and
               | storage :
               | 
               | - per week: you'd need 143k TH/s (145M / (144 * 7)), so
               | about $14M of investment in just the mining rig (provided
               | you can buy it all)
               | 
               | - per month: you'd need 33k TH/s, so $3M of mining rig
               | investment.
               | 
               | - per year: you'd need 2.7k TH/s, so about $270k in
               | mining rig equipment.
               | 
               | Of course, there are a lot of variables here (e.g
               | hashrate is highly variable), but this gives a general
               | idea.
               | 
               | All this for a "washing" method that heavily implicates
               | the miner: the address of the new coins is still known,
               | it's not really "clean", just an unusual transaction.
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | Now run the same numbers for ETH.
        
           | Aissen wrote:
           | If you know you mine blocks regularly (e.g once per day or
           | week), it's entirely doable. It's the miners who chose what
           | transactions go into a block. In this scheme, the transaction
           | is "secret", only one miner received it.
        
             | goldenkey wrote:
             | The transaction isn't secret after it gets mined in the
             | block and added to everyone's main chain. The only use of
             | this would be to conceal one's IP for the transaction
             | broadcast but it's really not necessary anyway because the
             | bitcoin mesh network does a repeating broadcast from all
             | peers to all peers, of all transactions in the mempool.
             | Just use a secure connection and only broadcast to a single
             | peer that you can verify to be a standard "dumb client."
             | Odds are they won't have any logging of IPs and will
             | rebroadcast the transaction, which will propagate it to the
             | entire network.
        
         | exo762 wrote:
         | You can still trace the money by looking at the block explorer.
         | All you did is thrown them in coinbase address. This is no
         | different from coinjoin.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Your "buddy" would have to be a large mining pool for this to
         | work, and even then it would be noticeable on the blockchain
         | that this happened.
         | 
         | Worst idea to launder ever.
        
       | legulere wrote:
       | Could you wash bitcoin by colluding with miners? You create a big
       | transaction with a high fee, but don't propagate it. You give the
       | transaction only to the miner you colluded with. The miner gets
       | the transaction fee which is seen as legit. They can now give you
       | the good bitcoins and keep some of it for themselves.
        
       | ccity88 wrote:
       | I get that money laundering is always linked to criminal
       | activity, but how have we always just accepted the lack of
       | personal privacy when it comes to finance? Privacy is a feature,
       | not a bug; and whilst crypto may not be the way forward, I hope
       | one day we can reach a solution that has both privacy and also
       | safety. The language used by law enforcement is quite alarming,
       | it suggests that they should be privy to ALL transactions made,
       | regardless of reasonable suspicion.
        
         | kd913 wrote:
         | Data can be stored, transparent but open for legitimate
         | purposes. I don't think it's a good idea to go to the other
         | extreme for complete anonymity in a case like this whether the
         | consequences result in massive criminal activities.
         | 
         | E.G. I trust my medical data to my doctor with some reasonable
         | confidence they are using it responsibly.
         | 
         | Same thing here, I can trust my financial institutions with my
         | data, but I want it to be open to authorities to look for
         | criminal activity. I would ideally like that data to be placed
         | under some legislation a la the GDPR to ensure it's used
         | responsibly.
         | 
         | To be clear, I would much rather my data be sold to some
         | advertisers than for corruption/criminal activity to exist.
        
           | psychlops wrote:
           | I prefer the innocent until proven guilty model.
        
             | NateEag wrote:
             | In the US legal system, that refers to whether you can be
             | punished for a crime, not investigated for one.
        
               | psychlops wrote:
               | An investigation that would require a warrant. My point
               | being that all activities should not be considered
               | criminal by default thereby available for perusal without
               | a legally provided reason. And only then if very narrow
               | in scope.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | There's a difference between privacy and secrecy. If I'm
         | involving my bank, what I'm doing is already not secret. My
         | bank knows. But normally they keep those things private,
         | because it's generally not anybody's business.
         | 
         | There are occasions where society's interest in preventing
         | crime outweighs personal privacy, and one way to look at that
         | is that when something (like, say, ransomware) has an effect on
         | other people, it can no longer be reasonably called private.
         | When that happens, as long as there are reasonable checks and
         | balances, I'm fine with banks giving out information,
         | especially when it's organizations that generally respect the
         | privacy of the people involved.
        
           | meowface wrote:
           | I think this is a valid argument. I also think a corollary
           | argument is that it's also valid to decide not to use a bank,
           | though, and do a lot of things purely through cryptocurrency
           | even if you're not doing anything shady or illegal, since, as
           | another comment says, "as long as there are reasonable checks
           | and balances" isn't necessarily a guarantee you can always
           | rely on: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27315773
           | 
           | >> but how have we always just accepted the lack of personal
           | privacy when it comes to finance?
           | 
           | >We didn't. This is something that has changed in the UK in
           | my lifetime. Unless you were the subject of an investigation
           | you didn't have to provide much detail to the tax
           | authorities, and what you did provide was kept strictly
           | separate from other areas of government.
           | 
           | >There was an attempt to strike a balance with the emphasis
           | on privacy. Nowadays the government thinks it is entitled to
           | all the data all the time.
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | People definitely have differing views on what "reasonable
             | checks and balances" mean; here in the US we have whole
             | movements of people with... strong opinions on the topic:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement
             | 
             | I agree it's valid not to use a bank; one could try to
             | conduct all one's business in cash. But in practice, people
             | doing that are often doing something criminal, so people
             | using cryptocurrency should not be surprised that they end
             | up being treated with the same level of scrutiny as people
             | running around with briefcases of cash. That is to say,
             | their attempts at secrecy may result in a practical loss of
             | privacy.
        
               | meowface wrote:
               | That's true. I personally don't mind using banks and
               | don't mind them knowing what I do with my money and
               | perhaps the government knowing as well. But I wouldn't
               | necessarily judge someone who doesn't want to use one.
        
         | rmah wrote:
         | Money laundering is not always linked to criminal activity
         | except in so far as money laundering it itself illegal. Many
         | nations (and not just "third world" nations) have some pretty
         | onerous restrictions of flow of capital. A lot of money
         | laundering activity is simply people moving money between
         | jurisdictions. Admittedly, sometimes (usually?) with illegal
         | goals such as tax evasion, but not always.
        
           | seanhunter wrote:
           | Money laundering is linked to criminal activity by
           | definition. It literally means introducing the proceeds of
           | criminal activity into the legitimate financial system.
           | 
           | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/moneylaundering.asp
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | I think that's a good general definition. But sometimes
             | people want to move capital unlinked to crime across
             | borders. They then use exactly the same mechanisms money
             | launderers use. If you have a term for that you like
             | better, I'd be interested to hear it.
        
               | irtigor wrote:
               | That's only true if they are trying to avoid taxation,
               | which is also ilegal (even if you think it is justified).
               | Moving capital from a place to another doesn't use the
               | same mechanisms of money laundering if done legally.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | That's not the case. As mentioned elsewhere in thread,
               | some places have limits on capital movement.
        
               | irtigor wrote:
               | That's a good example that proves my point and the reason
               | why I said "even if think it is justified", it doesn't
               | matter if it is a cap/tax/whatever, it only uses the same
               | mechanisms of money laundering because it is money
               | laundering (they are trying to hide that that money is
               | not clean/legal, that the reason it is illegal is because
               | it was not supossed to legally leave the origin country
               | instead of being drug money, makes no difference to the
               | law, but morally could be ok to some).
        
               | malka wrote:
               | Then moving the capital is not legal.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Sure, but they are not trying to avoid taxation, which is
               | the claim I was addressing.
        
               | seanhunter wrote:
               | If it's not the proceeds of crime, but just money leaving
               | because of unfavourable domestic policies, it's normally
               | called "capital flight" rather than money laundering.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | Obfuscation.
               | 
               | One of my other comments might be useful for you in
               | articulating this in the future:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27317593
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | Just so people downvoting this have an example, India has
           | strong restrictions on capital movement. So much so that once
           | when I was leaving India the outgoing customs inspector had
           | me open my wallet, noticed excess rupees, and helpfully
           | relieved me of some of them before I got on the plane. And
           | less colorfully, I know somebody whose parents would like to
           | move to the US to spend more time with their kids, but they
           | can't legally transfer enough money to buy a house near those
           | kids.
           | 
           | I honestly get why some countries have capital controls;
           | rapid shifts in capital can be truly devastating to a small
           | economy. And criminals are some of the people most eager to
           | move large sums of money to other legal jurisdictions. But
           | there are definitely cases where money laundering isn't
           | linked to what most people would consider crime.
        
         | ectopod wrote:
         | > but how have we always just accepted the lack of personal
         | privacy when it comes to finance?
         | 
         | We didn't. This is something that has changed in the UK in my
         | lifetime. Unless you were the subject of an investigation you
         | didn't have to provide much detail to the tax authorities, and
         | what you did provide was kept strictly separate from other
         | areas of government.
         | 
         | There was an attempt to strike a balance with the emphasis on
         | privacy. Nowadays the government thinks it is entitled to all
         | the data all the time.
        
           | celticninja wrote:
           | That's not the case at all. HMRC is very proscriptive about
           | what you can do with their data, that's if they let you near
           | it all, even then client consent is absolutely required for
           | each access.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | > I get that money laundering is always linked to criminal
         | activity
         | 
         | Its not. Well, by definition it is but it is paradoxical. Money
         | obfuscation is not illegal, but when the source of the money is
         | illicit then money obfuscation is money laundering, but
         | successful money laundering means nobody can ever distinguish
         | between a licit or illicit source, and it is up the accuser to
         | prove the source was illicit, which should be impossible.
         | (Whether there are records or not, there should be no probable
         | cause to receive or act on those records at the standard needed
         | for a criminal investigation)
         | 
         | So, only unsuccessful money laundering is linked to criminal
         | activity, and deterrence relies on stigmatizing all money
         | obfuscation.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | StanislavPetrov wrote:
         | >The language used by law enforcement is quite alarming, it
         | suggests that they should be privy to ALL transactions made,
         | regardless of reasonable suspicion.
         | 
         | Unfortunately this is exactly their position, which they have
         | made quite clear - and it isn't limited to financial
         | transactions. Its the same line of "reasoning" they use to
         | decry the use of encryption. They want to eliminate the concept
         | of privacy all together and be privy to all of your
         | transactions, communications and behavior to ensure nobody is
         | "breaking the law". This was the whole idea behind the
         | Orwellian "Total Information Awareness" program that was so
         | obviously antithetical to freedom that the government was
         | forced to change the name (while continuing to develop the
         | program). In my opinion its far better to live in a free
         | society where we are legally entitled to privacy and a few bad
         | actors get away with crimes than the alternative.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Information_Awareness
        
         | MikeDelta wrote:
         | I understand your point. However, privacy cannot shield one
         | from tax and legal obligations.
         | 
         | It is not just the proceeds from criminal activities, but also
         | tax evasion (from the rich or companies) and terrorism
         | financing.
        
           | exo762 wrote:
           | You can use cryptocurrency which hides all of your
           | transactions (like zcash) and pay your taxes as a law abiding
           | citizen. There is no conflict here. Tax systems rely on
           | citizens reporting anyway.
        
             | ushakov wrote:
             | > Tax systems rely on citizens reporting anyway
             | 
             | ever heard of CRS (Common Reporting Standard)?
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Reporting_Standard
        
             | ska wrote:
             | > Tax systems rely on citizens reporting anyway.
             | 
             | It relies on reporting and the right to audit, so they may
             | end up with all of the information anyway; it's more that
             | you are making them ask for it rather than providing it
             | proactively.
        
             | MikeDelta wrote:
             | I really admire your faith in human kind.
             | 
             | I am fairly certain that many citizens would be tempted to
             | become creative in their transparency (or activities) if
             | they knew they would never get caught. Such is human
             | nature.
        
             | n_ary wrote:
             | > You can use cryptocurrency which hides all of your
             | transactions (like zcash)
             | 
             | Nit: only if you use zcash shielded wallets(very rare &
             | resource hungry) are your assets private. Most wallets use
             | transparent addresses, which is kind of similar to normal
             | ones.
             | 
             | Given current landscape, only monero is defacto private.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | dougk16 wrote:
               | PirateChain and Aeon as well.
        
               | 3np wrote:
               | And AZTEC on Ethereum.
        
             | ip26 wrote:
             | Tax systems follow a "trust but verify" model.
        
               | RcrdBrt wrote:
               | Some are even "assume bad faith and verify"
        
               | exo762 wrote:
               | Again, not a problem. ZCash allows one to
               | cryptographically prove transactions.
        
           | crypto-cousin wrote:
           | At least in Western countries our definition of "terrorism"
           | usually serves to demonize BIPOC.
        
             | swiley wrote:
             | Not just BIPOC, any group of people you don't like.
        
           | CryptoPunk wrote:
           | If a tax requires the entire citizenry surrendering all of
           | their financial privacy, it should be abolished.
        
             | MikeDelta wrote:
             | What system would be fair and acceptable to you?
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | iSloth wrote:
             | And shortly after all countries would collapse...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | decafninja wrote:
               | To some, that is probably a desired feature, not a bug.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | The new rulers?
        
             | gamblor956 wrote:
             | By definition, financial transactions are not private,
             | because they necessarily involve a counterparty.
        
         | Empf wrote:
         | Tax fraud.
         | 
         | You would not benefit from it you would loose money
        
         | mdavis6890 wrote:
         | It's important to realize that attribution - knowing which
         | human got which money when - is actually very important in many
         | contexts, particularly when a lot of money is involved. This
         | allows for an un-do button in the case of mistakes, fraud, etc.
         | If I'm wiring my down payment for a house for $200k, it's nice
         | to know that if I fat-finger the receiving account I can get
         | the money back. How would you feel paying your down-payment in
         | cash or BTC? How about when Citi accidentally paid an extra
         | $900M (or something like that). Normally they'd be able to get
         | all the money back (actually in that case they couldn't, but
         | that was a weird anomaly).
         | 
         | I'm all for privacy, anonymity, etc - which is one of the
         | reasons I'm very excited about crypto - but you always have to
         | look at things from multiple angles.
        
           | ucha wrote:
           | Attribution is important but you don't need the government to
           | be able to do it without your authorization. You can very
           | well have private unattributable transactions that you decide
           | to disclose to the authorities only if you need and want to.
           | 
           | If you send your coins from wallet A to wallet B with
           | CoinJoin, it's not possible for a third party to identify
           | this transaction, but you can disclose the seed of wallet A
           | and sign a transaction from wallet B thus proving ownership
           | of both.
        
           | loceng wrote:
           | I believe the $900M was merely paid earlier than it needed to
           | be, but was still owed, so why the transaction wasn't
           | reversed.
        
             | mdavis6890 wrote:
             | Yes, but still normally this mistake would be unwound. The
             | recipients would just send the money back, or a court would
             | tell them to send it back, even though the money was owed.
             | But there were a number of confounding factors - for
             | example that the money wasn't owed by _Citi_ - it was owed
             | by someone else and Citi was just paying on their behalf.
        
           | celticninja wrote:
           | In the Citi case though it could have been paid in BTC and
           | the result would be the same. The law decided then and the
           | law would decide in bitcoin. Yes the ability for the court to
           | force the return(or not) would depend in some part on the
           | party being willing to do it, but ultimately if they are
           | going to abide by the law it would happen regardless of the
           | medium used.
        
           | pliny wrote:
           | Voluntary attribution is a solved problem in cryptography, so
           | you can stay private if everything goes well and prove you
           | are the sender or receiver for a given transaction if you
           | need it reversed.
        
         | auntienomen wrote:
         | If you don't interfere with money laundering, the criminals
         | eventually acquire enormous wealth, and with it power. They
         | eventually acquire enough power to take over the government. At
         | that point, you're at their mercy, and theorizing about privacy
         | laws becomes a bit pointless.
        
           | rusabd wrote:
           | So you are saying that before money laundering laws those
           | criminals took over the government. It is almost like said
           | criminals just don't want any competition now
        
           | crispyambulance wrote:
           | > eventually acquire enough power to take over the government
           | 
           | I wonder, recalling the Panama Papers incident, if this has
           | effectively happened already!
        
           | jb775 wrote:
           | This has already happened.
           | 
           | They typically launder money via "foundations" or
           | "charities". They acquire power by purchasing media
           | companies. They use the media companies to control public
           | narratives to shift the Overton window of public policies.
           | They also use it to manipulate the truth as it suits them[1].
           | Their target population for controlling thought narratives
           | are yuppies and the lower classes.
           | 
           | [1] https://mobile.twitter.com/DrewHolden360/status/139733532
           | 441...
        
         | camgunz wrote:
         | I think in the US, it's a war on drugs thing--though it could
         | also be a Cold War thing. Just musing though, but yeah it's
         | wild that we don't think this is a right.
        
           | URSpider94 wrote:
           | It goes back further than that, at least to the prosecution
           | of organized crime syndicates in the early part of the 20th
           | century. Al Capone went to jail for tax evasion, after all.
        
             | camgunz wrote:
             | Yeah for sure, famously. I think the evolution of like, KYC
             | and the global financial surveillance system probably came
             | about for Cold War or War on Drugs reasons though.
        
         | tluyben2 wrote:
         | I don't think the public cares. And, of course, there are many
         | news articles, like this but also about fiat, that show why
         | 'privacy is bad, ok'; criminals will run rampant if we cannot
         | track everything you do.
        
           | atatatat wrote:
           | Right, because the art trade is so hard to notice.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | It seems as though large movements of cash is actually a
           | pretty good way to _find_ criminals.
           | 
           | Someone saying "the privacy of someone moving $100M is bad"
           | sounds reasonable to my public ears.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Nobody accepted this. Governments just imposed it on us.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jackfoxy wrote:
         | > how have we always just accepted the lack of personal privacy
         | when it comes to finance?
         | 
         | It was very easy. The American public was hoodwinked into
         | accepting the 16th Amendment (levying an income tax) as a tax
         | the rich scheme. And like all tax the rich schemes it was a
         | cover to tax everyone, especially the middle class. You can't
         | have an income tax without the government prying into
         | everyone's finances.
         | 
         | Before this financial privacy was the norm.
        
           | CryptoPunk wrote:
           | The income tax was first introduced in the UK, in 1799, to
           | fund a war against France, and the rate was only 10%, and
           | only levied on the rich.
           | 
           | The first American income tax was also introduced in a war -
           | the Civil War.
        
             | jackfoxy wrote:
             | IIRC the US Supreme Court declared the Civil War era income
             | tax unconstitutional, which is why it required a
             | constitutional amendment.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | No, they said the tax on capital gains was
               | unconstitutional. An income tax itself was allowed, they
               | only tossed out the whole law because it was obvious that
               | the tax code they ruled unconstitutional wouldn't make
               | sense without the capital gains tax parts.
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | Very strange to see that Fog managed to run for 10 years when the
       | guy being almost a public figure in Russia, and flew Russia-US
       | regularly.
        
       | djoldman wrote:
       | https://outline.com/X6nWWs
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | I am fascinated by the rise of 'chain analysis' companies - that
       | started as 'aint it fun' and became 'hey we can help the cops
       | track ransomware' quite quickly.
       | 
       | The thing that fascinates me is ... we _could_ do (very similar)
       | analysis on  "normal" bank accounts - on a much larger scale but
       | still.
       | 
       | I wonder how much criminal activity would be revealed?
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | Once chain analysis becomes trivial, a major selling point of
         | cryptocurrencies will be defeated. What then is the point?
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | The major selling point of bitcoin now is that it is a way to
           | store value that is not controlled by a single entity.
           | 
           | Anonymity never was a design goal (even though it helped) and
           | transactions are now too slow and expensive to make it a
           | viable payment network. You can still buy drugs in Bitcoin,
           | but it is not why people invest so much into it.
        
           | roofwellhams wrote:
           | Monero fixed this problem, right?
        
           | iand wrote:
           | It doesn't defeat the point of cryptocurrencies which is to
           | create a currency free from a single point of control.
        
             | xwdv wrote:
             | That is only theoretical.
        
         | seanhunter wrote:
         | Banks are required by law to do this type of tracking on their
         | normal bank accounts and file reports of any suspicious
         | activity they see. The fact that the transactions aren't public
         | means there isn't a third party that can do it and one bank
         | can't follow the chain once a transaction goes to another bank.
         | That work has to be done in the context of a legal
         | investigation.
        
         | cheeseomlit wrote:
         | I'd bet something similar is being done with traditional
         | banking transactions by government agencies, if only to aid in
         | parallel construction
        
           | MikeDelta wrote:
           | And I believe banks seem to cooperate as well to the limits
           | of what is allowed. Detecting Financial Crime (DFC) is
           | (becoming) a big part of operations.
        
         | giaour wrote:
         | > we could do (very similar) analysis on "normal" bank accounts
         | - on a much larger scale but still.
         | 
         | Would this be (more or less) forensic accounting applied
         | proactively to all accounts? I know techniques similar to
         | 'chain analysis' are applied in criminal investigations, but
         | it's usually reactive (due to the labor involved and the need
         | for warrants in many jurisdictions).
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | > _we could do (very similar) analysis on "normal" bank
         | accounts_
         | 
         | I don't think so really, the fact that the ledger is public is
         | really the thing that makes this is a credible model.
         | 
         | In the absolutely general sense of "if all banks around the
         | world opened all their books and banking secrecy laws didn't
         | exist, and if we somehow had the ability to trace through cash
         | transactions" then sure, _theoretically_ (and again not
         | accounting for the absolutely vast difference in scale between
         | the volume of transactions in the real world vs the
         | blockchain), but none of that is even remotely probable.
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | I'd argue that the problem isn't secrecy laws but just
           | general incompetence and unwillingness.
           | 
           | Sure, banking secrecy laws could be a problem for large-scale
           | frauds totaling millions, but smaller-scale operations
           | typically stay within the same country where the law most
           | likely already allows this kind of tracing, but it's so
           | unefficient that by the time it's tracked down the money is
           | already gone for good.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | > but none of that is even remotely probable.
           | 
           | it's not likely, but it's possible. Laws can be used, if the
           | political will is there. It's not like encryption where you
           | can't actually force it!
           | 
           | The thing is, this data can contain sensitive information,
           | which existing gov't may want to keep hiding (like CIA slush
           | funds etc).
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | > _it 's not likely, but it's possible._
             | 
             | OK, sure, in about the same sense that world government is
             | possible: hardly anyone is asking for it and there is a
             | tremendous level of investment in the status quo by all the
             | people with political power.
        
         | tudorizer wrote:
         | Well, on "normal" bank accounts you would be hit by
         | international policies and cover-ups, while on public ledgers,
         | the only barrier is the tech.
        
           | tw04 wrote:
           | You think someone who is sophisticated enough to hide money
           | in the international banking system isn't sophisticated
           | enough to hide it in bitcoin?
           | 
           | Congratulations, you tracked the transaction to a shell
           | company and have no jurisdiction to unwind who the cash
           | withdrawal went to? Ignoring the coin washing services
           | referenced in the story.
        
             | ozim wrote:
             | Someone who is sophisticated enough to hide money in
             | international banking system won't care about bitcoin.
             | 
             | There is enough bad guys that are not sophisticated enough
             | and are thinking that bitcoin will do all hard work of
             | hiding it for them.
             | 
             | Obviously they are wrong.
        
               | tudorizer wrote:
               | Precisely! This is the reason why "crypto is good for
               | money laundering" falls apart, IMHO.
        
       | wesleywt wrote:
       | Why go through all that trouble when regular banks already
       | launder cash for you.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Do explain, because I don't believe you actually know how banks
         | work. Banks will flag up dubious transactions - uncommon large
         | ones, frequent smaller ones, a sudden stop or start in
         | transactions, etc. They've got big fraud (and money laundering)
         | prevention teams on there, currently using machine learning to
         | detect suspicious activity.
         | 
         | I mean there's bound to be laundering going on via banks, but
         | it's risky.
         | 
         | Heard about one guy that tried to get his Bitcoin winnings onto
         | his regular account, his bank wouldn't accept it because they
         | couldn't verify its source. Of course, he managed to open up an
         | account at another bank who accepted it without question, and
         | transferring it to his main account from that bank was also
         | done without question, so it's not exactly consistent.
        
           | danlugo92 wrote:
           | The biggest tax haven on earth is the United States, but they
           | only serve you if you 1) are not american 2) are not citizen
           | of the few countries they have tax treaties with.
        
           | mattmanser wrote:
           | I assume he's alluding to the recent banking scandals of
           | money laundering by big players like HSBC.
        
           | tluyben2 wrote:
           | If he couldn't show the trace then no bank should've let him
           | really: were I live, you have to show where fiat->crypto
           | accused and how you got that fiat. Then you have to show how
           | the crypto became worth more (that can just be a wallet
           | address IN and wallet address OUT between the times it went
           | from the fiat amount you started with until the time it
           | became what you are trying to transfer to the bank). But
           | that's all; few screenshots, even for large amounts. I guess
           | if you are trying to send over more than a million, you might
           | want to get some people to help you anyway. Also; always call
           | your bank upfront to explain what will happen; that can
           | prevent a freeze or reject if you got in ahead.
        
           | libertine wrote:
           | >Heard about one guy that tried to get his Bitcoin winnings
           | onto his regular account, his bank wouldn't accept it because
           | they couldn't verify its source. Of course, he managed to
           | open up an account at another bank who accepted it without
           | question, and transferring it to his main account from that
           | bank was also done without question, so it's not exactly
           | consistent.
           | 
           | You nailed it here without noticing it: you just use the
           | right bank(s) in the right countries, and then just shuffle
           | and move money around.
           | 
           | I'm pretty sure there are organizations dedicated to set up
           | these operations.
        
           | gaspard234 wrote:
           | Many others have noted HSBC which actually created special
           | cash delivery booths in Mexico but earlier this year
           | Australian banks were caught laundering nearly $500million in
           | illegal proceeds for Latin American cartels.
           | 
           | https://www.vice.com/en/article/g5bkyq/drug-cartels-used-
           | aus...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tomcooks wrote:
         | Problem is they do Know Their Customer
        
       | knuthsat wrote:
       | I think Bitstamp exchange offered a payout in gold bars for some
       | time (there's no taxation on acquired gold in some countries).
       | 
       | The exchanges are definitely in on it. From trading bots, to
       | price volatility. Pretty sure there's inside trading being done
       | on most successful exchanges.
       | 
       | Nothing better than knowing the behavior of a bunch of traders
       | and figuring out the best massive bot trading strategies.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | > Some criminals undertake what is known as "chain-hopping" --
       | jumping between different cryptocurrencies, often in rapid
       | succession -- to lose trackers, or use particular "privacy coin"
       | cryptocurrencies that have extra anonymity built into them, such
       | as Monero.
       | 
       | Its kind of hilarious that an article in mid-2021 treats this as
       | novel, or that it is novel to many people reading it now.
       | 
       | To me this is like reading about bearer bonds from a 1950s heist.
       | 
       | Chain-hopping is as old as crypto exchanges. It has some folly,
       | because even if a chain analysis firm or armchair blockchain
       | sleuths aren't inspired enough to consider or look on another
       | chain, the records are still permanent.
       | 
       | Hopping over to XMR or privacy chains has been available since
       | 2014. Even with older versions leaking some rings, the best
       | practices from back then still mitigate that, and rotating
       | anytime since 2017 ensures mitigation through now.
       | 
       | The article lacks anything coherent, providing maybe a tiny spark
       | of inspiration for investigators and people enamored by the
       | crypto phenomenon, but wasting everybody's time because there are
       | other techniques fairly unique to the crypto space that are more
       | accessible and efficient and not secret at all.
        
         | Ceezy wrote:
         | Well everybody is just not as in the loop as you are. Not sure
         | what is hilarious about that...
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | The point is that this article conflates several things and
           | is describing some fairly outdated or inefficient obfuscation
           | techniques of which launderers would be some of the users of.
           | 
           | It goes from Hydra market duffle-bags of cash hiders
           | (lolwut), to chain-hopping and scant mention of privacy
           | coins. It randomly talks about Wasabi wallet same-chain
           | bitcoin mixers, and then talks about Bitcoin Fog's operator
           | being arrested which is much much older technology. It
           | doesn't acknowledge or provide awareness about people
           | actually wanting the privacy coins to begin with or staying
           | within the mixing system (or trading claims to assets in the
           | mixing system), and just assumes people are trying to
           | obfuscate briefly with the end goal of holding non-private
           | coins or fiat.
           | 
           | I don't get the impression that they were avoiding describing
           | useful techniques for criminals, I get the impression that
           | they have no idea.
        
       | pibechorro wrote:
       | Probably easier for any serious criminal to just deal in cash and
       | make deposits at the big banks, they have a long history of
       | taking cartel money.
        
         | helsinkiandrew wrote:
         | But cash isn't that useful if you're holding a company to
         | ransom on the other side of the world. And normal bank
         | transfers are very traceable.
         | 
         | Banks need to report any transactions greater than $10K (or a
         | series of smaller transactions that make up $10K). The
         | consequences of a bank not reporting far exceed any profit they
         | would make from it.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | I think the GP was specifically referring to HSBC which has
           | been known to evade its responsibilities in this regard.
        
             | Taek wrote:
             | I believe Wells Fargo, JP Morgan, and plenty others have
             | reputations for this as well. HSBC just happens to be in
             | the news the most.
        
           | danlugo92 wrote:
           | If you show up at the correct bank with a $1million briefcase
           | you will be taken to a closed office and they will serve you.
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | Traditional laundering operations are typically very expensive
         | and subject to heavy scrutiny. Banks or other washers take a
         | big cut. And if you're here talking banks which have been
         | caught doing this then it isn't very secret anymore. Crypto can
         | be laundered quickly, cheaply and safely. And in unlimited
         | quantities.
        
         | MikeDelta wrote:
         | Drug dealers and such probably yes. Sending 10 mio USD ransom
         | across the world in cash would be much harder, but is so much
         | easier in cryptocurrencies.
        
         | raesene9 wrote:
         | Depends on the country. Definitely in the UK if you make a lot
         | of large cash transactions without a good business reason,
         | you'll get scrutiny.
         | 
         | This is one of the reasons that common fronts for crime are
         | companies that would be expected to handle a lot of cash :)
         | 
         | Also the major advantage of cryptocurencies in crime is their
         | international nature. It means I can sit in a country that has
         | no extradition treaty with the places I'm doing crime, safe in
         | the knowledge that I won't be touched, as long as I'm careful
         | who I target.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | > This is one of the reasons that common fronts for crime are
           | companies that would be expected to handle a lot of cash :)
           | 
           | Or a large amount of smaller companies for which 5K in
           | revenue a month won't look suspicious (I'm thinking of stuff
           | like these small phone (repair) shops, and there was a
           | massage parlor down the road that was open frequently but
           | never saw any customers. Still managed to stay open for
           | years. Maybe that grey Mercedes that parked out in front of
           | it once a month had something to do with it?)
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | Custom pillows, by appointment only, was probably the most
             | obvious and rational front I've ever seen.
             | 
             | Create customer records of as many high dollar value
             | appointments as you want!
        
       | 5ersi wrote:
       | The easiest way to totally anonymize crypto is to use hash
       | marketplaces (i.e. Nicehash). Hash marketplaces let you
       | anonymously buy hash power via BTC, which you can then direct to
       | any crtpyo coin pool to get mint crypto coins.
        
         | jtsiskin wrote:
         | Assuming you trust they aren't saving any logs..
        
       | gvv wrote:
       | yeah, this would NEVER happen with cash! /s
        
         | user-the-name wrote:
         | You can't demand people send you cash from around the world as
         | ransom for the computers you took over.
        
           | orbitingpluto wrote:
           | The media is the message. Criminals don't launder bitcoin at
           | non-profitable nail salons either.
        
       | aunty_helen wrote:
       | I think I've read more stories on bitcoin laundries than actual
       | laundries... suprising given how long it has been around.
        
         | nuclearnice1 wrote:
         | Here's a little story to help balance the ratio
         | 
         | https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article...
        
           | meowster wrote:
           | Here is the exact same URL without Google's AMP:
           | 
           | https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/wansho-laundry
        
       | ulzeraj wrote:
       | > "They're basically a trustless version of a mixer and it's all
       | done within software," said Robinson, noting that an open-source
       | project called Wasabi Wallet was the dominant player in the
       | space.
       | 
       | Funny because Wasabi requires a lot of manual coin control to
       | preserve anonymity. Samourai Wallet automates most of these and
       | offers obfuscating tools.
        
         | martinko wrote:
         | > Samourai Wallet automates most of these and offers
         | obfuscating tools.
         | 
         | And does not have a desktop client. Next to useless.
        
       | bsedlm wrote:
       | I'm always left wondering about the invention (the encoding into
       | laws) of "money laundering".
       | 
       | I believe that this happened at some point during the 70s right
       | around the time congress declared "war on drugs"?
       | 
       | edit: aha, I refer to 91st USA congress:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Secrecy_Act
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Drug_Abuse_Preve...
        
         | DetroitThrow wrote:
         | It happened earlier: in the USA many laws and agencies related
         | to it were brought out during prohibition.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Yes this is accurate in the sense that these are the basis for
         | the modern enforcement tools in use
         | 
         | The state has never had a right to understanding the financial
         | flows or private property, it found a convenience with the
         | electronic financial system and deputized all financial
         | intermediaries to data mine and snitch for it.
         | 
         | This has subsequently become conflated with a right of the
         | state to have all of this information, as the people running it
         | now are unfamiliar with not having these conveniences.
         | 
         | The market, on the other hand, is simply reverting to a mean.
         | It has developed and chosen an electronic financial system that
         | doesnt require financial intermediaries.
         | 
         | So the state is going to lose its power to criminalize
         | transactions. If there are any actual criminal behaviors with
         | distinctive victims, then it has to do an actual investigation
         | and find the individual and prosecute them. It really isnt that
         | absurd of a concept.
        
         | Closi wrote:
         | They date back until at least 1930's with the prohibition :)
        
       | joshfraser wrote:
       | Every dollar bill in your wallet has trace amounts of cocaine on
       | it. They probably spent some time tucked in some dancers g-string
       | too. All money is "dirty". It's just a question of how many times
       | it needs to trade hands before we collectively agree to treat it
       | as "clean" again.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | Neither of the things you've described make money dirty. Just
         | because a dollar bill comes into contact with cocaine (often in
         | cash sorting machines in banks), it doesn't mean that it is the
         | proceeds of crime.
        
           | cheeseomlit wrote:
           | I think his point is that a sizable portion of physical cash
           | is involved with crime, that's one of the benefits of using
           | cash so it only stands to reason- Yet everybody still uses
           | cash regardless. Though I'm sure this same argument will be
           | used in the future to justify a transition to a cashless
           | society where all transactions are traced
        
         | arbitrage wrote:
         | uhhhhh ... that's not what they're talking about. nobody really
         | cares about cocaine and pubes on dollar bills.
        
           | helsinkiandrew wrote:
           | I care
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | mouzogu wrote:
       | Why would you go through this elaborate process when you could
       | just get HSBC to launder your money.
        
         | rchaud wrote:
         | The people that even HSBC won't do business with.
        
         | tudorw wrote:
         | No dufflebags?
        
           | smitty1110 wrote:
           | If you have enough volume, HSBC will customize your
           | experience by modifying teller windows to accept the hard
           | briefcase of your choice. You won't have to worry about some
           | random guy cutting your bag and stealing your illicit cash!
        
       | koreanguy wrote:
       | ft.com paywall
        
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