[HN Gopher] Sandwell Bitcoin mine found stealing electricity
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Sandwell Bitcoin mine found stealing electricity
        
       Author : frereubu
       Score  : 196 points
       Date   : 2021-05-28 10:24 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.co.uk)
        
       | gberger wrote:
       | What is a "Sandwell Bitcoin mine"?
        
         | jasoncartwright wrote:
         | It's a bitcoin mine in Sandwell, England
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | josefresco wrote:
       | "Detectives said they were tipped off about lots of people
       | visiting the unit throughout the day and a police drone picked up
       | a lot of heat coming from the building."
       | 
       | Does that imply a drone with infrared capabilities?
        
         | philjohn wrote:
         | Yes - they also have IR cameras on police helicopters and use
         | this to identify likely cannabis farms fairly regularly in the
         | UK.
        
           | 542458 wrote:
           | They're also useful for search&rescue as well as finding
           | people who are trying hide in foliage, but yeah.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | andylynch wrote:
         | Possibly. But it could also be something as simple as a snow
         | free roof when the neighbourhood is covered. Or one unusually
         | dry after rain.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | DJI sells a FLIR addon for their drones. [1] The mavic 2
         | enterprise is also available with a FLIR camera. [2]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.dji.com/ch/zenmuse-xt
         | 
         | [2] https://www.dji.com/ch/mavic-2-enterprise
        
         | deepserket wrote:
         | yes, ir cameras are widely used in helicopters, eg.
         | https://youtu.be/Q481RMKwpCY?t=45 it's a no brainer to mount
         | them on drones too
        
         | piva00 wrote:
         | Yup, that's been pretty commonplace for a few years, I believe.
         | Dutch police has been using drones for more than a decade, IR
         | capabilities included for tracking people smuggling and
         | cannabis farms indoors.
         | 
         | I'd believe that most of the police forces in the EU already
         | have some of those, can't see a reason why they wouldn't, it
         | provides you almost the same surveillance capacity as a
         | helicopter without all the expensive equipment and pilot
         | training.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | Drones with thermal cameras (usually for firefighting, search-
         | and-rescue and electrical inspection) have been around for a
         | little while.
        
         | tsukikage wrote:
         | ...one has to wonder also why they needed to keep visiting the
         | place once they set everything up.
        
           | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
           | Maybe they were still setting up?
        
           | deepserket wrote:
           | yeah, and _lots_ of people... i don 't know
        
             | bserge wrote:
             | Showing off to everyone at the pub, obviously. That farm
             | was apparently barely profitable even with free electricity
             | heh
        
       | knorker wrote:
       | I'm shocked, SHOCKED, to see organized crime committing crimes.
        
       | nuclearnice1 wrote:
       | Based on heat and people coming and going, police assumed it was
       | a cannabis farm . Based on that incorrect conclusion, they raided
       | the place. Flimsy evidence.
        
         | the-dude wrote:
         | Lots of traffic to a flat, neighbours complaining.
         | 
         | Police suspect a cocaine dealer and raid the place.
         | 
         | However : the dealer was selling heroine.
         | 
         | Flimsy evidence?
        
           | Humdeee wrote:
           | The 'ol switcheroo.
        
           | nuclearnice1 wrote:
           | I vote flimsy. Lots of people get many visitors. Right?
           | 
           | What's your take?
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | The heat thing is even more ridiculous, given that farmers have
         | shifted to LED lighting for years now precisely to avoid heat
         | emission that can be picked up by police copters...
        
           | jhgb wrote:
           | > to avoid heat emission that can be picked up by police
           | copters
           | 
           | Sounds like farmers need some kind of heat rejection system.
        
           | scatters wrote:
           | The power still ends up as heat; LEDs just mean that less of
           | it is wasted.
        
             | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
             | Which means that a lot less power input is needed for the
             | same light output, which means less waste heat (should be
             | around 10-20% of the heat an incandescent setup creates).
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | ... and as a result, you need less heat and thus the chance
             | of being detected by a thermal copter or melting snow on
             | the roof is lower.
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | Didn't they raid the place because they knew that they were
         | stealing electricity?
        
           | nuclearnice1 wrote:
           | Good point it sounds like the had a tip about that and some
           | follow up with Western Power Distribution.
        
             | Ensorceled wrote:
             | Sooo ... not flimsy evidence?
        
               | nuclearnice1 wrote:
               | Yeah, tip + follow up. Not just heat + many people.
               | 
               | Why do you write "Sooo.."
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | A report from the public, unusual activity for the location,
         | lots of heat that can't be explained by official electrical
         | usage and, probably, not explained by the registered or zoned
         | usage (probably light industrial).
         | 
         | Sounds like more than enough to get a warrant.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | I personally would hope that _wouldn't_ be enough (at least
           | in the US).
           | 
           | I don't see anything in the above list of facts that rises to
           | articulable probable cause that a specific crime is being
           | committed. (Maybe you could tighten the analysis a bit to get
           | to PC that electricity or gas are being stolen. I'd be OK
           | with that.)
        
             | Ensorceled wrote:
             | You have a ton of heat with no power source to generate
             | that heat ... so either they are stealing the electricity
             | or have an illegal power plant of some kind. That is enough
             | for a warrant for the electricity theft. The other evidence
             | leads to their guess on what they think the electricity is
             | being stolen _for_ , but electricity was definitely being
             | stolen.
             | 
             | What more do you want here?
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | If the heat is beyond what could be produced by a high-
               | efficiency heat pump and other heat sources, I agree
               | there's likely PC (and I think I said so, or at least
               | tried to).
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Entirely normal evidence for raiding cannabis farms. I'm not
         | sure what more you'd reasonably expect to find.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | > I'm not sure what more you'd reasonably expect to find.
           | 
           | Literally any sort of activity that uses electrical ovens. I
           | can think of dozens of processes for the manufacture of
           | plastic, ceramic and metal items where you're gonna want to
           | bake stuff.
           | 
           | Edit: Apparently it wasn't obvious I was disagree about the
           | assertion that "Based on heat and people coming and going" is
           | normal justification for raiding a pot grow op and not this
           | specific case where a warehouse that is supposedly
           | disconnected is using tons of power.
           | 
           | Also, it seems like a whole lot of people here don't
           | understand that it is very common for facilities to be
           | occupied by a tenant that's not the owner and who doesn't
           | have any signage out front. If you're going in with a
           | preconceived notion that you're looking for a grow op it's
           | really easy to misread things done out of economic
           | convenience as though they were intentional obfuscation.
        
             | mytailorisrich wrote:
             | They don't raid a place based on high electricity
             | consumption or heat alone. They do when this is not
             | expected and suspicious based on other factors as well.
             | 
             | For instance a domestic property or, in this case, a
             | warehouse that officially uses no electricity.
             | 
             | If you rent a warehouse to run your official glass baubles
             | manufacturing business then no-one is going to bat an
             | eyelid about heat or electricity use.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | >They don't raid a place based on high electricity
               | consumption or heat alone.
               | 
               | Sure. But it puts you on the kind of list you don't want
               | to be on and from there there's a good chance they screw
               | you for something stupid because they don't like to come
               | up empty handed after spending resources surveilling you
               | and not finding what they were looking for.
        
               | Ensorceled wrote:
               | Now you are just going off into weird conspiracy
               | theories. Lots of raids come up empty handed or turn out
               | to have a valid explanation. The police don't have a list
               | of people they want to punish because it turns out they
               | weren't criminals.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | >Now you are just going off into weird conspiracy
               | theories
               | 
               | I'm not alleging a conspiracy theory. Those are words you
               | are using to construct an ad-hominum by implying my
               | assertion in in bad company. I'm firmly of the belief
               | that the cops are rational humans responding to
               | incentives.
               | 
               | > Lots of raids come up empty handed or turn out to have
               | a valid explanation
               | 
               | A "raid coming up empty handed" is exactly the failure
               | mode I'm complaining about. The police should be
               | realizing there's no grow-op long before any sort of
               | "raid".
               | 
               | >The police don't have a list of people they want to
               | punish because it turns out they weren't criminals.
               | 
               | I didn't say they did. I said they will routinely
               | prosecute minor stuff they weren't looking for that they
               | normally wouldn't pursue rather than come up empty
               | handed.
        
               | Ensorceled wrote:
               | Especially with your big sign out front: "Gloria's Glass
               | Globes" and, also, you'd probably be paying for all that
               | electricity with a check from Gloria's Glass Globes Ltd.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | Businesses that are not consumer facing are often far
               | less diligent about signage and advertising than people
               | think.
               | 
               | You'd think one of the largest (legal) indoor grow-ops in
               | my state is a shipping products manufacturer if you went
               | by the sign on the building. The shipping products
               | manufacturer outgrew the building and is leasing it to
               | the pot business. There's a business near me that
               | manufactures medical plastics. Before them the facility
               | was occupied by a company making pasta. Neither has a
               | sign out front. The only difference is the company name
               | on the white box trucks changed.
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | _no-one is going to bat an eyelid about heat or
               | electricity use._
               | 
               | They will if you're stealing the electricity.
        
             | simias wrote:
             | These activities would certainly be legally incorporated
             | and easy to cross reference.
             | 
             | I also suspect that these ovens don't run 24/7. If they use
             | their drones on a Sunday outside of work hours they can
             | probably weed out (ha) many false positives.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | > These activities would certainly be legally
               | incorporated and easy to cross reference.
               | 
               | Facilities are leased and sometimes sub-leased all the
               | time. Just because Joe's T-shirt Printing owns three
               | warehouses doesn't mean they haven't rented one out to a
               | yoga studio and another out to a machine shop.
               | 
               | Just because P&Q Precision Tool exists as a business in
               | state records doesn't mean you have any idea that they're
               | operating out of the Joe's T-Shirt Printing Warehouse
               | that was vacant for the last 3yr.
        
             | tomatotomato37 wrote:
             | An unregistered smelter using large amounts of stolen
             | electricity is still commiting a crime, just not an
             | interesting one
        
             | avianlyric wrote:
             | I imagine the complete lack of anything actually being
             | shipped into or out of the unit during normal hours was
             | probably a big give away.
             | 
             | Most people when using an industrial unit to bake things,
             | then sell the things they bake. Rather than just piling
             | them up in a corner until the entire unit is full.
        
             | paulcole wrote:
             | Yep. My nan runs a secret bakery. Does she deserve the cops
             | breathing down her neck?
        
               | rjmunro wrote:
               | If her ovens are rigged to bypass the electricity meters,
               | then yes, she does.
               | 
               | If she had a large bitcoin mining operation going on, and
               | used the profit to pay an electricity bill that was in
               | the right ball park, then the cops would leave her alone.
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | I say: combine the two (cannabis farming and bitcoin mining)!
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | Proof-of-Chillness
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | There has got to be a British Gangster movie in this somewhere!
        
           | Mauricebranagh wrote:
           | Tommy Shelbys Grandsons and Greatgrand sons :-)
           | 
           | Hey BBC want to hire me as technical consultant for the show
        
           | Joker_vD wrote:
           | Just imagine that one scene from the Snatch! where Lincoln
           | instead of a fianite tries to fend off a golden-painted
           | manhole cover that the Pikies convinced him was a Bitcoin :)
           | 
           | Edit: Oh God, it's actually an actual thing that already
           | exists: [1]
           | 
           | [1] https://bitcoinpenny.com/products/the-manhole-cover-
           | physical...
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | So I think it's more Lock, Stock, and Two Smoking barrels -
             | with the big Bitcoin penny being used to smash in people's
             | heads along the way -
             | 
             | "hey, why's there so much blood on this thing?"
             | 
             | "you don't wanna know"
             | 
             | "I do want to know Tom, I do - enlighten me, where did all
             | this blood come from? Wait a minute, is that hair and bits
             | of brain down here? You don't normally see that kind of
             | thing on coinage of the realm Tom"
             | 
             | on edit: formatting, and made dialog more Ritchiean.
        
         | scatters wrote:
         | Unfortunately the laws of thermodynamics will get in the way.
         | Cannabis farming uses electricity to build organic chemicals
         | and outputs waste heat at 40degC; bitcoin mining uses
         | electricity to solve equations and outputs waste heat at
         | 40degC. There's not really any way to use the waste products of
         | one as an input to the other.
        
           | darkcha0s wrote:
           | Just scalp enough 3090's with RGB lighting and you might just
           | have enough light/wattage to grow
        
           | de6u99er wrote:
           | Cannabis farming would be much easier and cost effective if
           | it could be done out in the open.
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | A CPU/ASIC can be seen as an electrical heater with extra
           | steps. So why not heat up your plants with your CPU. The
           | energy flow is: power plant -> CPU -> greenhouse -> the
           | atmosphere
        
             | rightbyte wrote:
             | A heat pump is preferable.
        
             | sashimi-houdini wrote:
             | Because plants don't grow from heat, but from light
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | I remember seeing some talk about a company creating ASIC
             | blocks to heat houses but grows afaik don't generally need
             | more heat the lights and everything creates enough heat for
             | the plants.
        
               | Apfel wrote:
               | Depends on both local climate and lighting method. LEDs
               | output very little heat nowadays
        
           | elif wrote:
           | Winter greenhouse farming.
        
           | Havoc wrote:
           | Residential heating would work
        
         | bserge wrote:
         | How to upgrade your sentence from a fine to prison time 101 :D
        
       | Mauricebranagh wrote:
       | Bit odd the Cops didn't wait intel the premises had visitors
       | inside would could have been arrested.
        
       | jaymzcampbell wrote:
       | A little off topic but I always found it interesting that the
       | "theft" of electricity is actually called _Abstracting_ in UK
       | law, since you can 't really steal the electricity itself.
       | 
       | > _...it was held that electricity could not be stolen as it is
       | not property within the meaning of section 4 of the Theft Act
       | 1968... Before the Computer Misuse Act 1990 those who misused
       | computers ( "hackers") were charged with abstracting electricity,
       | as no other law applied_
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstracting_electricity
        
         | Joker_vD wrote:
         | And yet we still call intellectual "property" just that,
         | "intellectual property" even though it's not a property for
         | most of the laws except for the ones written to specifically
         | deal with intellectual "property". The wonderful world of law.
        
           | igravious wrote:
           | Very good point.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | There's no "master" set of definitions in law. Every law has
           | its own definitions. So contrary definitions are irrelevant.
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | Great point. Go look at any substantial legal agreement and
             | there is normally a bunch of definitions at the top or in
             | an amendment.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | Well ... irrelevant in the technical execution of the
             | justice system. In practice it makes the laws easier to
             | follow if people use the same words for the same concepts
             | and tests.
             | 
             | If property means physical stuff in one law and thought in
             | another it may become confusing to work out how to follow
             | the law.
        
               | vulcan01 wrote:
               | Property, in law, practically always means "something
               | someone owns". Intellectual property is something someone
               | owns, just as a house is. I'm not sure there are
               | conflicting definitions in the law.
        
         | Mauricebranagh wrote:
         | Stealing her Majesties electricity back in the day
        
         | derekp7 wrote:
         | So there was not concept of "theft of service" then? Or was
         | that also not called theft, but something else similar to
         | abstracting? I.e., if you walked out without paying the barber
         | or something like that.
        
           | robjan wrote:
           | That would be the crime of "Making off without payment"
        
         | Tomte wrote:
         | The same problem and solution in Germany, but already in 1900:
         | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entziehung_elektrischer_Energi...
         | 
         | It seems that the French high court ruled differently, and they
         | just prosecuted it under the regular theft statute.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | _joel wrote:
       | Those ASIC's look old, however if you're not paying for power
       | then it's all profit.
        
       | santamex wrote:
       | How does the police think it is a good idea to make the raid when
       | no one is inside. The article said that a lot of people go in and
       | out everyday and no one was arrested.
       | 
       | I don't get it.
        
         | notacoward wrote:
         | Having people there raises the probability of either injury or
         | evidence destruction/contamination. They probably know who
         | those people are anyway, so once they have the evidence they
         | can go after the people one by one at leisure.
        
         | Mauricebranagh wrote:
         | My thought as well I suspect they thought they would catch a
         | bunch of trafficked people well at least they didn't Get Prti
         | Patel down for the photo op.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | imtringued wrote:
       | Crackpot idea. The entire point of cryptocurrency mining is that
       | you prove that you have burned X dollars worth of energy. Why not
       | cut the middlemen and just let miners pay in dollars (stablecoins
       | technically)? We can then donate the left over dollars to
       | charities.
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | Because someone would have to verify that the money was
         | donated, which would be impossible to do in an entirely
         | distributed way.
         | 
         | I agree that it would be a Pareto improvement if such
         | coordination were actually possible, though.
        
       | onionisafruit wrote:
       | I would be curious to know how much mining is done using stolen
       | electricity.
        
         | geuis wrote:
         | It's pretty obvious isn't it? Plug mining rigs into someone
         | else's power outlet.
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Now that's some hacker news! On the home page twice!
        
       | hughrr wrote:
       | So the police are getting RTX cards this Christmas and we still
       | aren't :(
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | Those are ASICs. Mining Bitcoin on an RTX is untenable.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Not if you get electricity for free.
        
             | drexlspivey wrote:
             | It still is unless you get the GPUs for free as well
        
               | knorker wrote:
               | Who says they wouldn't be stolen too?
        
               | Slartie wrote:
               | Even when you get those stolen GPUs placed on your porch
               | for free, you still have to set them up in mining rigs,
               | install software, cables, cooling et cetera, and you need
               | to cater to the hardware once it is running and fix
               | problems coming up.
               | 
               | The difference between Bitcoin ASICs and GPUs in
               | performance is large enough to make the expenses with
               | these activities not worth the hassle, even if you get
               | the hardware AND the power for free.
        
             | mvanaltvorst wrote:
             | The police images show ASICs.
        
           | fnord77 wrote:
           | other crapcoins are possible w/ GPUs
           | 
           | https://whattomine.com/
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Even with the new GPU mining protections that nvidia baked
             | in?
             | 
             | edit: i mean it's probably a moot point, mining at 10%
             | efficiency is still worth money if you're tapping
             | electricity from somewhere.
        
               | Hamuko wrote:
               | The protection is only against Ethereum specifically. You
               | can mine non-Ethereum shitcoins at full blast.
        
       | ccity88 wrote:
       | "The computer equipment has been seized but no arrests have been
       | made, the force said."
       | 
       | Whoever does get arrested for this, they won't be facing the same
       | charges for intent to supply drugs. I'm not sure on the penalty
       | of stealing electricity, but it's probably a lot less severe.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | Can they be forced to give up all of the proceeds from their
         | illegal actiivty?
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | I think they just need to pay the amount they stole plus
           | penalty.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | Here in the UK we have what's known as CPSPOC, or "Criminal
             | Prosecution Service Proceeds of Crime" unit. Their job is
             | to recover all proceeds from criminal activity. In this
             | case I imagine they'll try to argue that the bitcoins mined
             | with stolen electricity are proceeds of crime, and they'll
             | confiscate them. The money recovered will go to the
             | treasury after the electricity company has been
             | compensated.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
               | That assumes they can actually get the Bitcoin. It's also
               | likely that there won't be anything left after
               | compensating the power company, since the mining
               | operation was likely unprofitable if taking the cost of
               | electricity into account.
        
               | onion2k wrote:
               | _That assumes they can actually get the Bitcoin._
               | 
               | If they can't then they can also charge the people behind
               | the electricity theft with a bunch of additional crimes
               | about withholding the proceeds of crime, money
               | laundering, refusing to hand over encryption keys, etc.
               | If the operation was unprofitable that doesn't matter
               | either - if the CPS determine you mined, say, 1000BTC
               | then that's what you 'owe'. If you can't pay it then
               | they'll seize your other assets up to that amount. That
               | money is then used to pay the electricity company,
               | government, etc.
               | 
               | The law is very much rigged against you if you're caught.
        
               | tluyben2 wrote:
               | It might have been profitable 2 months, it's not anymore
               | and soon it will seem silly (when BTC drops below 20k)
               | even until the next bull market comes along.
        
         | robin_reala wrote:
         | The crime is specifically "abstracting electricity", which is
         | dealt with in the Theft Art 1968. Highest sentence seems to be
         | 5 years imprisonment, but 1 year the normal upper limit:
         | https://www.sentencingcouncil.org.uk/offences/magistrates-co...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | I don't get your reply? Obviously they're not facing charges
         | for intent to supply drugs because that's not what they did?
        
           | sdflhasjd wrote:
           | Computer equipment getting seized is unusual for electricity
           | theft.
        
             | bserge wrote:
             | It will probably be returned.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Police like to seize stuff.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | If it's a business getting raided for a crime I would
             | expect some seizure of computer equipment might happen.
        
             | Ensorceled wrote:
             | In a consumer setting, I would be also be surprised. In
             | this setting where it probably isn't clear exactly who the
             | perpetrators are, you seize the assets until you can figure
             | that out. I'm sure this wasn't all being done by "Sandwell
             | Bitcoin Miners Ltd.", a registered British corporation
             | majority owned by Joe Sandwell.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Normally when the police find a large amount of electricity
           | theft it's for drugs, and the "news" in this is that it's for
           | some other purpose.
        
       | sandwell wrote:
       | Nothing to do with me >.>
        
       | linsomniac wrote:
       | "Police expected to find a cannabis farm." Back when I was mining
       | Bitcoin, I expected to be raided because of this. That was back
       | before CO legalized. Never ended up happening though.
        
       | phire wrote:
       | Looking at the picture, they are using really old bitcoin ASIC
       | miners from 2017.
       | 
       | A profitability calculator I found says this Antminer S9 can get
       | $948/year of income in exchange for $1,371 worth of electricity.
       | That's a loss of $422/year.
       | 
       | Obviously it's not profitable to use anymore, unless you are
       | literally stealing electricity like these guys.
        
         | bialpio wrote:
         | Would be way more profitable if they figured out some way to
         | re-sell what electricity they stole...
        
           | therein wrote:
           | Yeah man, they should have just pushed those electrons back
           | into the interconnect after they ran them through their
           | miners.
        
         | Black101 wrote:
         | Free electricity is not a thing in your world?
        
           | rideontime wrote:
           | Of course not. In what world is electricity free?
        
         | alex_young wrote:
         | Isn't that entirely dependent on your electrical rate? There
         | must be some break even point right?
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Not just electrical rate, also what you do with the waste
           | heat. I know at least one person who is heating his garage.
           | Mining bitcoin is cheaper than an electric heater for the
           | same task. A heat pump would probably be more cost effective
           | in the long run, but I didn't tell him that.
        
             | adolph wrote:
             | It might be worthwhile for larger electricity customers to
             | perform off-peak mining. Or even better, for someone to
             | offer mining as a service to those customers.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogeneration
        
             | arsome wrote:
             | Yeah, during the winter I mine on my video card because I'm
             | basically just swapping some of my natural gas heat out for
             | a few hundred watts of electric heat and my electricity is
             | primarily provided by nuclear and hydro.
             | 
             | Kind of weird to think of mining as a way to reduce your
             | carbon emissions but in some cases it certainly can be.
             | 
             | I'll definitely look more into heatpumps when it comes time
             | to replace my furnace or air conditioner, but my
             | understanding is they perform quite poorly in Canadian
             | winters.
        
               | amarant wrote:
               | I don't know about Canadian winters, but heat pumps
               | certainly perform well in Swedish winters, which I don't
               | imagine are much milder than Canadian ones.
               | 
               | If you can get a water-water heat pump you'll be fine for
               | sure (requires drilling a rather deep hole in your
               | backyard tho, so the initial investment is a bit bigger)
        
               | jfim wrote:
               | I've heard before that the climate in Sweden is
               | relatively mild considering its latitude, mostly due to
               | the marine currents. A quick comparison of climate seems
               | to suggest that this is the case:
               | https://www.weather2travel.com/weather-
               | comparison/?placename...
        
               | frosted-flakes wrote:
               | While geothermal systems do use heat pumps, the term
               | "heat pump" in general conversation almost always refers
               | to air-source heat pumps (air to air), not geothermal. In
               | the US/Canada, drilling additional wells is prohibitively
               | expensive for most people, which is why geothermal
               | systems haven't taken off.
               | 
               | Heat pumps don't perform very well, or at all, when it's
               | -30deg or -40deg, so a secondary heat source is needed.
               | Usually, that will be natural gas, in which case why
               | bother with a heat pump when you can just burn much
               | cheaper natural gas?
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | The context maters here. If a boat is being discussed, it
               | won't be air to air.
        
               | frosted-flakes wrote:
               | What's your point?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Heat pumps are cheaper than propane at least, though I'm
               | not sure if they are enough cheaper as to be worth the
               | cost.
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | > Kind of weird to think of mining as a way to reduce
               | your carbon emissions but in some cases it certainly can
               | be.
               | 
               | Have you actually done that calculation out? You say "
               | _primarily_ provided by ", but I wonder what that means,
               | given just how much electricity you need to actually heat
               | a home via GPUs.
               | 
               | (You may of course be saving money given the profit you
               | generate, but that's not the same thing as reducing
               | emissions.)
        
               | eigenvector wrote:
               | Air source heat pumps are fine for the places where most
               | Canadians live including southern Ontario & Quebec and
               | coastal British Columbia. If you live in Winnipeg or
               | Saskatoon it might be dicey, but unless it routinely
               | drops below -20C for extended periods you're fine. And
               | you can have backup resistive heating elements for the
               | occasional cold snap anyways.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > my electricity is primarily provided by nuclear and
               | hydro. Kind of weird to think of mining as a way to
               | reduce your carbon emissions but in some cases it
               | certainly can be.
               | 
               | I think you are likely mistaken, although it is a
               | surprisingly common misconception. Most places in the
               | world, if you are using an extra kWh of power, the system
               | needs to generate up to an extra marginal kWh from coal
               | or gas.
               | 
               | Example 1: France generates power 70% from nuclear.
               | However if a French person uses an extra kWh during base
               | load, that could easily lead to one less kWh exported,
               | which would most likely mean one extra kWh is generated
               | from say coal somewhere else in Europe.
               | 
               | Example 2: New Zealand generates 60% of power from hydro.
               | If I use an extra kWh of power at the moment (even at
               | cheap rates), then if we have a drought in 6 months time,
               | then an extra kWh needs to be generated from coal in 6
               | months time. I am presuming the coming critical storm[1]
               | this weekend won't fill our hydro lakes[2] and that the
               | predicted long term dry weather pattern[0] will occur. I
               | am a New Zealander.
               | 
               | You could be right if you are only using your power when
               | it is cheapest (which usually implies the usage of base
               | load nuclear), although it is surprisingly difficult to
               | actually figure out whether you have generated zero extra
               | carbon.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/441393/hydro-
               | power-more-...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.transpower.co.nz/system-
               | operator/security-supply...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-
               | zealand/2021/05/rare-red-...
               | 
               | Edit: on second thoughts in NZ I am sure our lakes can't
               | fill that quickly from one good storm - the inflow rate
               | is limited by the size of the river and the inflow rate
               | is small compared to the storage size?
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Watch this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7J52mDjZzto
        
               | Empf wrote:
               | I'm very curious how that can be better then an
               | electrical heater.
               | 
               | It has to be more inefficient as you are not spending
               | energy on calculation but if you substitute it with
               | selling your bitcoins you would need to compensate your
               | co2
        
               | arsome wrote:
               | My understanding is it's essentially just as efficient as
               | a resistive electrical heater as all the energy used in
               | your video card is converted to heat at some point in the
               | process. There may be some very minor loss here, but I'm
               | not enough of a physicist to say what it'd be.
        
               | Empf wrote:
               | That's what I'm wondering. It costs energy to move
               | electrons
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | That energy is all turned into heat. Waste from the point
               | of view of a bitcoin mining attempt. However heat is a
               | useful byproduct in this case when the local temperature
               | is lower than the inhabitant would desire.
        
               | awrence wrote:
               | It's pretty brilliant actually. Case 1 electric space
               | heaters blindly pass electricity through dumb wires. Case
               | 2 instead of dumb wires you use ASICs. Case 2 is a win
               | win that helps secure a decentralized monetary asset, get
               | paid for it, and heat your home which you would have done
               | anyway, all with the exact same carbon footprint
               | (assuming you're expending equivalent amount of
               | electricity to just heat your home as originally
               | planned). You've basically turned PoW into proof of
               | heating where the miner gets paid and gets the benefit of
               | heating his home on top. And incremental environmental
               | impact is exactly 0.
               | 
               | edit: quick google -> and here it is :)
               | 
               | https://bitcoinminingheater.com
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | Wow, this is actually amazing. In my country electric
               | showers are really popular. They're literally just big
               | resistances immersed in water. I wonder how long it'll
               | take for them to put cryptocurrency miners in there.
        
               | awrence wrote:
               | My shower pays for itself :)
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | Now long showers aren't just relaxing but profitable too.
               | Awesome.
        
               | Empf wrote:
               | But how much energy is used percentage wise for mining?
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | Technically a "perfect" miner would use zero energy
               | (beyond microamps for driving the signal wires in the
               | network cables), the heat comes from imperfect components
               | that "waste" energy by turning it into heat.
               | 
               | So the mining itself doesn't use any energy, it's just
               | that instead of dumping power into a dumb coil of wire,
               | you dump it into a smarter coil of wires and various
               | components that produce some output (that happens to be
               | valuable to the Bitcoin network and it rewards you in
               | exchange) as a side-effect.
               | 
               | For any given watt of electricity, the heat output is the
               | same, just that with a miner you also get useful
               | calculation results out of it.
        
               | Empf wrote:
               | That's not possible. Physically speaking
        
               | rbarrois wrote:
               | The only minor issue being that the materials used in
               | fabricating the ASIC are likely more expensive (money and
               | energy-wise) than those for a conventional heater!
        
               | CarelessExpert wrote:
               | Because it also generates revenue via bitcoin. So it's
               | "cheaper" insofar as the bitcoin is subsidizing the
               | operation of the rig and, as a byproduct, heating the
               | space.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | Mitsubishi has heat pumps that maintain 100% heating
               | capacity down to 23 (-5), and 76% down to -13 (-25).
               | Fujitsu has similar technology.
        
             | pengaru wrote:
             | > A heat pump would probably be more cost effective in the
             | long run, but I didn't tell him that.
             | 
             | Last I checked, heat pumps didn't produce assets of
             | potentially increasing value as a side effect of moving
             | heat around.
        
               | teebs wrote:
               | You could always buy Bitcoin with the money you saved
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | Except you can purchase anonymity-preferred things more
               | anonymously with the cryptocurrency you mined yourself...
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | Since we're talking about efficiency, that'd be less
               | efficient than just getting Bitcoins straight up.
        
               | henvic wrote:
               | Last time I checked Bitcoin was a speculation madness.
               | 
               | https://henvic.dev/posts/bitcoin/
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | How does that come close to refuting the fact that using
               | a Bitcoin miner as heating device also gives you
               | Bitcoins, which the comment you replied to outlined?
        
               | henvic wrote:
               | The comment didn't outline this obvious point.
               | 
               | It tried to compare it with heat pumps.
        
           | phire wrote:
           | That website was using a electrical rate of USD 12c per kWh,
           | which is already on the low side. I think most electricity
           | 
           | The break-even point is 8c per kWh. But there will be other
           | overheads, so you probably need 6c per kWh to actually make a
           | profit.
           | 
           | Such prices most be possible to obtain in a few oil rich
           | countries like Saudi Arabia and Iraq.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | You can routinely get ~2 c kWh in Chicago:
             | 
             | https://hourlypricing.comed.com/
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | That's amazing. When I lived in Chicago in the 1990s the
               | rates were some of the highest in the country, ~$0.11 or
               | so at that time.
               | 
               | Hourly rates/smart meters were not yet available to
               | consumers (commercial customers could get different
               | plans, IIRC).
        
               | oliwarner wrote:
               | Bloody hell, not in the UK. PS0.15/kWh is pretty
               | standard. If you go wholesale there are microscopic
               | portions where it dips as low as minus-PS0.10/kWh but
               | generally you're still looking at 10p a unit or more.
               | 
               | Of course this is moot when you're not paying the bill,
               | as this story says.
        
               | phire wrote:
               | That's not the total price.
               | 
               | It doesn't include Transmission, distribution, taxes or
               | whatever a "Capacity Charge" is.
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | Capacity charge is how they reduce the shitstorms that
               | happen when the cost of electricity skyrockets and real
               | time pricing becomes national news. They're basically
               | forcing you to hedge your future electricity usage.
               | 
               | If you shut off your bitcoin miners during the warmest
               | parts of the day, your capacity charge will go down.
        
               | marktangotango wrote:
               | I did the math in my area/provider and it came out to a
               | .01 discount on the standard rate, which is not much of a
               | discount at all. Even for the largest industrial, multi
               | megawatt plans, which was surprising.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | On my last bill that added 4.2c per kWh.
               | 
               | The bill previous was 3.9.
               | 
               | The majority of those fees are fixed cost so don't scale
               | linearly with usage.
        
         | deanclatworthy wrote:
         | I doubt they are mining bitcoin, probably the police just
         | making assumptions at this point.
         | 
         | Also there is no way that this setup's electricity would cost
         | that little in UK. The average cost of electricity bill for an
         | average household is around PS700 a year. If they paid, this
         | would literally be thousands if not 10k+ a year in electricity
         | bills.
        
         | 0xfaded wrote:
         | Man, I was hoping some graphics cards would be liquidated to
         | cover the losses.
        
           | MaxBarraclough wrote:
           | Can't graphics cards still be used profitably to mine other
           | cryptocurrencies though?
           | 
           | I don't follow this stuff too closely but my understanding is
           | that graphics card prices are a good indicator here, and that
           | GPU-powered mining is still acting to drive up prices.
        
             | josefresco wrote:
             | GPU mining is currently concentrated on ETH, which is
             | changing (EIP 1559) mid-July (and then later this year).
             | The GPU market will change (and already is) dramatically
             | after that. Many are still in denial, hoping there will be
             | "another coin" to mine. Or, they're just spreading false
             | hope to give them time to dump their hardware.
        
               | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
               | Is EIP 1559 expected to meaningfully affect mining
               | profitability, especially for miners who already own the
               | hardware?
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | Mining profitability hugely varies based on how much
               | traffic there is on the ethereum network, since you have
               | to pay higher fees to include your transaction in a block
               | if there is a lot of demand. EIP 1559 changes the fee
               | structure. It wants to burn the new basefee so miners
               | don't profit from that, there is still a small tip part
               | left though.
        
               | elif wrote:
               | Basically, today fees make up ~40% of payout for miners.
               | 
               | with EIP 1559, those fees will be reduced and also
               | completely burned instead of given to miners.
               | 
               | Instead, miners will receive "tips" from users trying to
               | encourage faster block inclusion.
               | 
               | No one knows how much "tips" will make up for the lost
               | revenue, so it's kind of hard to mount a sizable
               | resistance to the change, in the context of the obvious
               | benefits it conveys to miners by making the currency
               | healthier.
        
               | MaxBarraclough wrote:
               | > ETH, which is changing
               | 
               | I don't think this is the first time I've read of a
               | substantial change being made to a cryptocurrency.
               | Doesn't this kind of thing completely belie the usual
               | claim that it's free from central control?
               | 
               | > Many are still in denial, hoping there will be "another
               | coin" to mine.
               | 
               | Again I don't follow this stuff that closely, but this
               | doesn't seem absurd on the face of it. Is there a reason
               | to think this won't happen?
        
               | dieortin wrote:
               | > Doesn't this kind of thing completely belie the usual
               | claim that it's free from central control?
               | 
               | Why would something changing mean it's centrally
               | controlled? Bitcoin has also undergone changes (although
               | not as big as this one) and it that doesn't mean it's not
               | decentralized.
        
               | papercrane wrote:
               | > Doesn't this kind of thing completely belie the usual
               | claim that it's free from central control?
               | 
               | It's consensus based, and the core ETH developers have a
               | strong following. There likely will be (and probably
               | already are) forks of ETH that keep proof-of-work, but
               | they'll likely wither off if they don't have a large
               | enough backing behind them.
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | This is not the first time substantial changes have been
               | to crypto currencies (etherium or otherwise.) One recent
               | change to bitcoin (I think the lightning network) was
               | controversial enough to result in a fork (bitcoin cash.)
               | There are mechanisms for this sort of thing.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | > I don't think this is the first time I've read of a
               | substantial change being made to a cryptocurrency.
               | Doesn't this kind of thing completely belie the usual
               | claim that it's free from central control?
               | 
               | As I understand it, what _actually_ happens is it
               | 'forks'. Like open source software - anyone free to use
               | it differently or change it dramatically, but most people
               | will stick with the branch maintained most actively or by
               | the original maintainers.
               | 
               | > [There being another coin to mine] doesn't seem absurd
               | on the face of it. Is there a reason to think this won't
               | happen?
               | 
               | There are already loads, so I suppose no, of course it
               | will/already has. The trouble is it needs a high enough
               | valuation (with volume) to support the sunk cost of
               | hardware to anywhere near the extent that Ethereum has
               | for them.
        
         | josefresco wrote:
         | Profitability calculators typically rely on the _current market
         | rate_ of BTC. Even if they paid for electricity, they could
         | make up for it by keeping their earnings in BTC /whatever.
         | Whether that's a smart decision is another issue, but for some
         | mining is like a startup in that you burn cash early in hopes
         | of a big exit down the road.
         | 
         | Edit: Several people have pointed out that you can just buy BTC
         | or crypto directly. Besides the initial hardware cost (which
         | requires cash up front) how do you generate income to buy
         | crypto on a regular basis?
        
           | rtkwe wrote:
           | If you have the money to pay for the electricity you'll see
           | more profit by just buying the BTC at the current market
           | price. You start making money immediately instead of having
           | to make it to the electricity price you paid. So it still
           | only makes sense as a strategy if you're stealing
           | electricity, have an off grid system with excess electricity
           | (or you don't get paid for back feeding the grid) or have a
           | (really really) weird cashflow situation.
        
             | josefresco wrote:
             | Let's assume your mining rig costs $1 to run, generates 1
             | FAKECOIN with a current value of $.90. That first month you
             | pay $0.10 out of pocket for 1 FAKECOIN. If you had just
             | purchased 1 FAKECOIN, it would have cost you $1. 10x the
             | cost. Like a startup, this is not sustainable without
             | external factors changing. "Just buy it directly" requires
             | a separate income.
        
               | addingnumbers wrote:
               | Hang on. You think the power company only asks for $0.10
               | after you use $1 worth of power that month?
        
               | josefresco wrote:
               | My mistake, I'm a moron. The math is just worse, because
               | you'd have to cash out some of your FAKECOIN for
               | electricity. I'll accept the downvotes with dignity!
        
               | cecilpl2 wrote:
               | You'd have to cash out all of your FAKECOIN for
               | electricity and still be out $0.10, with no FAKECOIN
               | left.
        
               | josefresco wrote:
               | Clearly, mining and math on Friday is not for me lol
        
           | scrollaway wrote:
           | If you have cash, mining is unprofitable, and you want btc,
           | there's a more profitable solution you're not seeing here.
        
             | josefresco wrote:
             | > If you have cash
             | 
             | This is key. You can't "just buy BTC directly" if you don't
             | have cash. Even if you have cash for the initial purchase
             | of crypto, you then have no recurring income. The startup
             | model is again relevant here as you're trading a short term
             | loss, for the potential of a long term gain. Similarly, why
             | don't VC's just invest in profitable, stable companies?
        
               | scrollaway wrote:
               | Very fair point.
        
           | why_only_15 wrote:
           | If you have to pay $50k in electricity to mine a $40k
           | bitcoin, it would be better to just turn off the mine and buy
           | the bitcoin directly.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | thinkmassive wrote:
             | Some industrial scale miners might have commitments to buy
             | electricity at a certain rate. It could be more expensive
             | to break a contract than to keep their equipment running
             | when the exchange rate temporarily falls below
             | profitability.
             | 
             | Also not everyone has easy access to an exchange. Others
             | may prefer to avoid the KYC paperwork, or simply be willing
             | to pay a premium for freshly mined coins.
        
               | gaff33 wrote:
               | There's a healthy power market - so the providers can and
               | should work out a way for their clients to exit their
               | contract and for them to sell the electricity elsewhere.
               | 
               | Sure the client might be liable for some loss-of-earnings
               | fees but this really should be better for everyone than
               | this.
        
               | thinkmassive wrote:
               | Sure, but also take into account that a mining operation
               | large enough to enter into electricity contracts probably
               | has other obligations like facilities and staff. Overall
               | it may not be worth the hassle to shutdown for what could
               | be interpreted as typical exchange rate fluctuations.
        
             | josefresco wrote:
             | This assumes you have a source of income, outside of your
             | mining operation.
        
             | mewwts wrote:
             | Not if you have all that money tied up in an old mining rig
             | which has close to zero resale value.
        
               | whall6 wrote:
               | If all your money is gone because you spent it on a
               | mining rig, how will you pay the electricity bill
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | Sunk cost fallacy
        
               | staticautomatic wrote:
               | Can mining rigs be repurposed for anything useful?
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | Depends what they actually are, some 'mining rigs' are
               | just PCs with lots of beefy GPUs, so yeah.
               | 
               | Others are FPGAs programmed to compute the hash for
               | whatever cryptocurrency (e.g. BTC is
               | `sha256(sha256(x))`); they can be re-programmed to do
               | something else instead.
               | 
               | Others are ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated
               | Circuits) based, physical chips designed to do nothing
               | else but compute those hashes. So essentially 'no', but
               | 'yes and they'd be very good at it' if you for some
               | reason had another use for that particular hash function
               | (lots and quickly).
               | 
               | That's also a progression of cost & performance, by the
               | way. As the difficulty increases GPUs get slower at
               | finding whatever coin, and people (pay a bit more and)
               | move to FPGAs, and then again to dedicated ASIC hardware.
        
               | _joel wrote:
               | Nope, the ones in the article are ASICs, so specifically
               | for bitcoin. There are GPU based ones but the number of
               | coins that you can mine with them is dwindling. You could
               | probably reuse the beaglebone black or whatever little
               | auxillary computer they're using but it's not really
               | worth it. It's just e-waste.
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | Not really they're extremely specialized chips that only
               | do lots of hashes fast. They can't even be used for an
               | different blockchain unless it's block hashing is similar
               | enough and uses the same algorithm.
        
               | lippel82 wrote:
               | No, if you need 50k for electricity, it does not matter
               | how much money you put into the mining rig, you're better
               | off buying 40k bitcoin directly.
        
           | paulcole wrote:
           | If you're spending $1500 to mine $1000 in BTC and are bullish
           | about the future of BTC, why not just buy $1500 of BTC?
        
             | josefresco wrote:
             | Where do you get the $1500?
        
               | wmanley wrote:
               | Where do you get the electricity?
        
               | cecilpl2 wrote:
               | ... from working?
        
             | SamBam wrote:
             | But surely there's _some_ reality where only buying $1000
             | BTC and just setting fire to another $500 is somehow more
             | profitable, right?
        
               | thinkmassive wrote:
               | If you agree to purchase $1500/mo from the power company
               | for 12 months, and they're going to bill you that no
               | matter what, then losing $500/mo (and keeping BTC that's
               | likely to increase in value eventually) is preferable to
               | shutting down and losing $1500/mo.
        
         | drewg123 wrote:
         | It seems like an ideal way to use excess energy in grid-tied
         | solar setups where the energy company is not incentivized to
         | buy excess power. Or for non-grid tied solar when your
         | batteries are full.
        
           | tablespoon wrote:
           | > It seems like an ideal way to use excess energy in grid-
           | tied solar setups where the energy company is not
           | incentivized to buy excess power. Or for non-grid tied solar
           | when your batteries are full.
           | 
           | The ideal way to use excess energy is to do almost anything
           | else _besides_ pointless proof-of-work computations (e.g some
           | scientific distributed computing thing).
        
             | toxik wrote:
             | PoW isn't useless, in fact, the energy cost of PoW is
             | proportional to its demand.
        
               | wussboy wrote:
               | To its "demand" perhaps, but not it's value.
        
               | toxik wrote:
               | And who pray tell decides its value? The central planning
               | committee?
        
           | RobLach wrote:
           | As opposed to storing it?
        
             | drewg123 wrote:
             | Ideally you'd store it, but if your system is sized for the
             | short days of winter, you may have excess energy in the
             | summer that you cannot store once your batteries are full.
        
               | Ardon wrote:
               | It seems to me like you'd be doing a lot more good if you
               | used that excess power for something like carbon capture.
               | 
               | Bitcoin is surely pretty far down the list of useful
               | applications of that excess power.
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | You'd think the UK grid has better tech for revenue protection
       | (Aka protection against stealing). There have been a lot of
       | companies who specialize in doing this in the US. Its a
       | combination of data processing and decent quality hardware on the
       | grid.
       | 
       | My suspicion is they haven't done upgrades on their systems...
        
         | avianlyric wrote:
         | You're making the assumption that the loss is large enough to
         | warrant the hardware improvements.
         | 
         | Getting high quality data about an electricity grid is
         | extremely expensive and difficult. A big part of that in the
         | U.K. is driven by the fact that most of our distribution
         | networks are underground, which means that a lot of equipment
         | is located below ground level.
         | 
         | This gives you one big problem, the place where you want to
         | install your fancy new sensors are all located in places that
         | most telecom systems don't/can't serve (4G doesn't work very
         | well in a hole). Plus to make your life even harder, power
         | distribution equipment puts of plenty of EM interference,
         | making radio comms even harder. So you can put the hardware in,
         | you just can't communicate with it. Making it kinda useless.
         | 
         | Obviously there are plenty of place were this isn't true, but
         | they're in the minority. End result is that lots of fancy
         | equipment doesn't get deployed.
        
           | boringg wrote:
           | Counter - How do you know the level of loss if you don't have
           | visibility into it?
        
             | bb611 wrote:
             | (Power put on lines - expected transmission losses) *
             | billed cost of power - customer payments.
             | 
             | I hope for the sake of their billing department they're
             | using a database and some customized software for the data,
             | but could just as likely be in a large and painful excel
             | spreadsheet.
             | 
             | Power theft is not particularly interesting to the power
             | company unless they're not getting paid for it. If it's
             | just the wrong person paying, that's their problem.
        
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