[HN Gopher] Benzene detected in many sunscreen products
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Benzene detected in many sunscreen products
        
       Author : rchiba
       Score  : 358 points
       Date   : 2021-05-26 16:15 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.valisure.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.valisure.com)
        
       | azinman2 wrote:
       | So this is bad, obviously, but I want to plug Valisure and
       | consumerlab both. For whatever reason there's so little testing
       | out there for both generic drugs and vitamins and supplements,
       | and both of these guys really do have our backs. I'm very happy
       | to support both to be doing what I feel like the FDA with more
       | funding should be doing themselves.
        
         | macinjosh wrote:
         | > I'm very happy to support both to be doing what I feel like
         | the FDA with more funding should be doing themselves.
         | 
         | IMHO, I prefer an organization like Valisure over the FDA any
         | day. Democratic governments must represent all of their
         | constituents which means there will always be a path (pressure
         | groups, fundraising, etc.) for corporate interests to get
         | outcomes they want under the guise of lobbying their
         | representatives.
         | 
         | When the organization doing the checking is actually
         | independent and setup for the sole purpose of their mission I
         | personally feel much more confident in the findings.
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | Why can't they lobby Valisure?
        
           | nojs wrote:
           | On the other hand, there is a parallel thread [1] showing the
           | problems with blindly trusting private interests for
           | regulation and law enforcement.
           | 
           | 1. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27295320
        
           | azinman2 wrote:
           | Except Valisure has no responsibility to answer to anyone but
           | themselves and their own financial interests, and has no
           | mandate from congress or ability to respond to legislated
           | guidelines.
           | 
           | They so far seem like "the good guys" but Id far rather find
           | a way to have a public institution be able to do this without
           | worries as to profit or sustainability.
        
         | always_left wrote:
         | There's a good book called bottle of lies that talks about how
         | overwhelmed the FDA is and how often many products slip through
         | the cracks, including generic medicines.
        
           | totalZero wrote:
           | In 2019, the FDA budget was 0.86% of the DOD budget.
           | 
           | As in, not within two orders of magnitude.
        
           | delfinom wrote:
           | Intentionally overwhelmed. Lawmakers and the revolving door
           | heads don't actually want regulation to work.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | strict9 wrote:
         | I didn't know about Valisure and consumerlab, but have used
         | Labdoor before buying something new.
         | 
         | Strongly agree this field of testing/validation is desperately
         | needed.
        
           | bredren wrote:
           | This seems to be true across markets and regulatory levels.
           | 
           | For example, browser extensions must be analyzed by neutral
           | third parties because the code can not be trusted to be
           | persistently safe with each new publication.
           | 
           | This is similar to different formulations across batches in
           | sunscreen.
           | 
           | I've noticed in consumer products like backpacks, the
           | hardware (zipper pulls, etc) can sometimes vary in the same
           | brand and model. The company does not outwardly acknowledge
           | variability, and it is not discussed in product reviews.
           | 
           | Apple made changes to its Secure Enclave Component unusually
           | in fall 2020. [1]
           | 
           | Not every update of every product is going to contain a
           | shocker. But with the rate of releases and rapid adoption of
           | physical and virtual consumer products, we could use less
           | unboxing and more hard analysis of what is shipping and it's
           | potential for harm.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/12/apple-made-security-
           | cha...
        
           | GloriousKoji wrote:
           | I haven't looked into Labdoor in a while but many years ago
           | they weren't very reputable, they had questionable testing
           | methodology and their scoring was heavily weighted just based
           | on what ingredients were in a product and ignored the claims
           | of a labels accuracy.
           | 
           | Did they improve their process over the years or just
           | marketing and brand recognition?
        
       | ucha wrote:
       | I'm quite surprised that some mineral sunscreens contain benzene
       | too... I thought the only use of benzene would be as a reactant
       | in the synthesis of some of the chemical sunscreens only.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | It's also used to wash substances. If it was used for that it
         | sounds like perhaps they just didn't evaporate the solvent for
         | long enough after the wash.
        
       | heavymark wrote:
       | Seems like if this is true, it's something that shouldn't be
       | behind a paywall. Does anyone have a list of the affected
       | products? The actually research data and details I certainly
       | support being behind a paywall however. Actually upon a quick
       | google found the direct links to the files that list the products
       | that are and are not contaminated. Glad that most all EltaMD (the
       | most popular on Amazon are not effected but a couple models are).
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | Affected products (starting on page 12):
         | https://www.valisure.com/wp-content/uploads/Valisure-Citizen...
         | 
         | Products that aren't affected: https://www.valisure.com/wp-
         | content/uploads/Attachment-A-Tab...
        
           | purple_ferret wrote:
           | >Fruit of the Earth - Gel - Aloe Vera Gel - 2.78 2.94* (ppm
           | Benzene)
           | 
           | Aloe Vera Gel? Sounds like straight up terrible quality
           | standards to get benzene in an Aloe Vera gel. Stuff like like
           | this makes me hesitant to use _any_ product
        
             | pie420 wrote:
             | The less chemicals you use, the better. Use simple soaps
             | and deoderants, etc.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | Aloe Vera is supposed to be in that category of "simple".
        
             | envy2 wrote:
             | I know aloe vera is often said to be useful in clearing
             | benzene and formaldehyde from the air as a houseplant:
             | perhaps this is being picked up from the environment,
             | rather than any production issue per se?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | autojoechen wrote:
         | Table 2 and 3 of product that have benzene detected starting on
         | page 12: https://www.valisure.com/wp-content/uploads/Valisure-
         | Citizen...
        
         | mephitix wrote:
         | It's not behind a paywall. Scroll down to the bottom of the
         | article - there are links to documents with the affected
         | products and not affected products. Here's the document with
         | the affected documents: https://www.valisure.com/wp-
         | content/uploads/Valisure-Citizen...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jasonhansel wrote:
       | The FDA concentration limits are generally _very_ conservative.
       | Is there any evidence that concentrations this low (at most 6ppm)
       | are actually harmful, given that this is through skin contact
       | rather than inhalation?
        
       | rchiba wrote:
       | I found this article through a friend of my wife's who is a
       | skincare expert.
       | 
       | Check your cabinets. I actually found the Neutrogena lotion that
       | we use in the table of affected products!
       | 
       | List of affected products: https://www.valisure.com/wp-
       | content/uploads/Valisure-Citizen...
       | 
       | List of unaffected products: https://www.valisure.com/wp-
       | content/uploads/Attachment-A-Tab...
        
         | sergiomattei wrote:
         | Yikes. Had a bit of a scare: living in Puerto Rico, I regularly
         | use Walgreens SPF50, Neutrogena sunblock and After Sun gel.
         | 
         | The closest UPC was the After Sun, but mine was a couple of
         | digits off.
         | 
         | Makes you think what stuff you're putting on that you don't
         | know about!
        
           | piercebot wrote:
           | How are things in PR these days? I can't imagine what it must
           | be like to deal with a pandemic while simultaneously trying
           | to rebuild basic infrastructure.
           | 
           | Have you been able to get back to some semblance of normalcy
           | yet?
        
         | divbzero wrote:
         | Note that the list of affected products has several tables with
         | different levels of severity:
         | 
         | - Table 2. Benzene detected at 2 ppm or higher.
         | 
         | - Table 3. Benzene detected at 0.1 ppm to 2 ppm.
         | 
         | - Table 4. Benzene detected at below lower limit of
         | quantification (LLOQ).
        
         | benevol wrote:
         | Next question:
         | 
         | Why would anyone trust that 100% of what's in vaccines is fully
         | declared on the labels?
         | 
         | (In this article, Neutrogena is being accused which is part of
         | Johnson & Johnson which produce one of the Covid vaccines
         | available.)
        
         | greesil wrote:
         | The offending stuff > 2ppm in the list is mostly sprays. With I
         | think one exception none of the offenders are zinc oxide,
         | either.
        
       | idlewords wrote:
       | Why does this stuff make the front page? Gasoline is full of
       | benzene, it's not some death chemical.
        
         | carb wrote:
         | How often do you rub gasoline on your skin?
        
           | idlewords wrote:
           | Every time I fill my gas tank
        
             | JohnWhigham wrote:
             | I think you need to aim better.
        
         | doytch wrote:
         | Do you smear gasoline on your skin daily?
        
         | envy2 wrote:
         | You don't rub gasoline into your skin. This is not hard to
         | understand.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | buildbot wrote:
       | Most of the high concentrations are in sprays, which makes some
       | intuitive sense, as they sunscreen has to be suspended and
       | propelled, which I imagine takes some fancy chemicals to do. Most
       | neutrogena lotions are fine for example.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | How much compared to the amount you inhale or get on your skin at
       | a gas station?
        
       | datameta wrote:
       | Open-source firmware? Color me impressed! And I must laude the
       | clean, well thought-out UX of the website.
        
       | plaidfuji wrote:
       | Haven't seen anyone point this out but it helped me filter out
       | anything in my cabinet pretty quickly: none of the sunscreens
       | with >2ppm benzene have SPF <50. In fact there's only one actual
       | sunscreen in high end of the list with SPF 50, the rest are 60+.
       | Interesting that this also seems to correlate, in addition to the
       | spray and brand trends.
        
       | Jimmc414 wrote:
       | "Epidemiologic studies and case studies provide clear evidence of
       | a causal association between exposure to benzene and acute
       | nonlymphocytic leukemia and also suggest evidence for chronic
       | nonlymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia." [1]
       | 
       | "There is probably no safe level of exposure to benzene, and all
       | exposures constitute some risk in a linear, if not supralinear,
       | and additive fashion."[2]
       | 
       | "on marine vessels benzene air concentrations typically range
       | from 0.2-2.0 ppm during closed loading and 2-10 ppm during open-
       | loading operations" [2]
       | 
       | [1] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzene
       | 
       | [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4360999/
        
       | moultano wrote:
       | Should I conclude anything from the fact that almost all of the
       | products with high benzene contents are sprays instead of
       | lotions?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | Yes. Don't use sprays. You wind up breathing that stuff as well
         | if you do.
        
           | notacoward wrote:
           | To clarify further, even the "innocuous" chemicals in
           | sunscreen might not be so innocuous when inhaled. Benzene
           | doesn't even have to be part of that equation.
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | So apparently putting on sunscreen lotion is less healthy than
       | not doing so?
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | No, the high benzene products are mostly sprays, not lotions.
        
         | 1270018080 wrote:
         | Definitely not.
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | Pretty interesting. Some of the products where benzene was
       | detected don't even have anything volatile on their list of
       | active ingredients. "Ethical Zinc Lotion", is just supposed to be
       | 22% zinc oxide, with no Octocrylene, Oxybenzone, etc.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | At 22% zinc oxide, you're going to have a layer of white film
         | all over you which most people prefer not to have that look.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | zinc sunscreen rubs in if you keep rubbing. it takes longer,
           | which i guess most people just shrug and give up and assume
           | you are coated in white film, but you can in fact rub it in.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | suncreen works by blocking UV rays before getting to the
             | skin. how does something rubbed into the skin block UV
             | rays?
        
               | etskinner wrote:
               | You'd be rubbing it into the top layer of skin, which is
               | dead skin cells. The part that gets burned is living, and
               | is lower.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Unless the rubbing process transmutes it into other
               | elements (congrats on the Nobel, if so!) the zinc is
               | still presumably there. The outer layers of your skin are
               | dead cells; you're looking to protect the underlying
               | dermis.
        
           | istorical wrote:
           | tinted mineral suncreens containing iron oxides and other
           | natural pigments can be tan / skin tone but still contain
           | only zinc or titanium as active ingredients.
        
         | netizen-936824 wrote:
         | Does volatility imply constituents?
         | 
         | A quick search shows that oxybenzone is a compound containing
         | two carbon rings.
        
           | purple_ferret wrote:
           | Benzene is used as a precursor for many solvents (in addition
           | to being one itself). IIRC, many things are _washed_ with
           | benzene derivatives and that 's where a lot of contamination
           | concern is.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | It sounds like manufacturers should just extend the time
             | the substrate is on the rotovap to purge the benzene.
        
       | grawprog wrote:
       | So going through the list i see Neutrogena a lot. Neutrogena is
       | owned by Johnson and Johnson. Sun Pharmaceuticals owns Banana
       | Boat, Coppertone is owned by a German company called Beiersdorf,
       | CVS Health is the next largest brand to show up and it owns these
       | subsidiaries:
       | 
       | CVS Pharmacy, MinuteClinic, CVS Caremark, CVS Specialty, Drogaria
       | Onofre, Longs Drugs, Navarro Discount Pharmacies, Accordant,
       | Coram, Omnicare, Wellpartner, EncompassRx, Aetna, Grupo DPSP.
       | 
       | These parent companies should be held responsible for the
       | products their subsidiaries produce.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | I bet if you wait a month, you would get different results.
         | These brands are just brands, they buy product in bulk from
         | manufacturers you've never heard of and stick it in a bottle
         | with a lot of words on it to try to pretend like their product
         | is differentiated.
        
           | p49k wrote:
           | This might be true at the very low end of the market, but
           | most sunscreen brands that people care about enough to have
           | loyalty are uniquely sourced products.
        
             | s0rce wrote:
             | They aren't using benzene intentionally as an ingredient.
             | So even if they aren't just reselling a generic product
             | this is likely an impurity in one of the ingredients. It
             | doesn't really matter if its a white label or if its custom
             | manufactured for the big brand. In the end it could still
             | vary next month if the source materials are not
             | sufficiently controlled. Although it could be the same if
             | the process results in consistent levels of impurities.
        
               | rkk3 wrote:
               | Does expiration date reflect a difference in
               | manufacturing date? For the listed affected products
               | between .1ppm & 2ppm Benzene, Expiration dates range from
               | July 2021 to May 2023.
               | 
               | https://www.valisure.com/wp-content/uploads/Valisure-
               | Citizen...
        
       | sjg007 wrote:
       | Sunscreen is FDA regulated so maybe there will be a crackdown. I
       | think they'd prefer people wear sunscreen unless they can
       | otherwise coverup though so I am sure there is a line.
        
       | alach11 wrote:
       | Initially when I read these low ppm concentrations, I wasn't
       | concerned. However even a 1 ppm exposure to benzene in air over
       | an 8 hour workday has been shown to be harmful. Hopefully the FDA
       | cracks down on this...
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | I've reduced using sunscreen a lot by wearing a hat with a wide
       | brim, and long sleeve shirts when I expect to be outside for a
       | while.
       | 
       | Yeah I look stupid in the hat, but one advantage to growing older
       | is one quits worrying about that. Besides, my aussie outback hat
       | has grown on me :-)
        
       | gher-shyu3i wrote:
       | The manufacturers should be sued.
        
       | shoto_io wrote:
       | A friend of mine developed a shit free sunscreen.
       | 
       | It's pretty good:
       | 
       | https://new-layer.com/collections/sunscreen
        
         | AuryGlenz wrote:
         | I'd love for an oil free sunscreen - I have an OCD-ish type
         | tendency where I can't stand to have anything oily on my skin,
         | especially my face or hands.
         | 
         | I take some sun protective supplements instead, which work well
         | enough where I don't get significantly burned from working
         | outside all day.
        
         | float4 wrote:
         | Your friend's SPF 50 ingredients list[0]:
         | 
         | Aqua, Diethylhexyl Adipate, Ethylhexyl Salicylate, Pentylene
         | Glycol, Decyl Oleate, Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl
         | Benzoate, Polyglyceryl-4
         | Diisostearate/Polyhydroxystearate/Sebacate, Undecane, Bis-
         | Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, Glycerin,
         | Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone, Tridecane,
         | Fructooligosaccharides, Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid,
         | Magnesium Sulfate, Zinc Stearate, Hydrogenated Polydecene,
         | Hydrogenated Polyisobutene (synthetic, no Paraffin), Beta
         | Vulgaris Root Extract, Ethylhexyl Triazone, Hydrogenated
         | Poly(C6-14 Olefin), Arginine, Polyglyceryl-3 Polyricinoleate,
         | Parfum, Ethylhexylglycerin, Potassium Lactate, Lactic Acid,
         | Sodium Phytate, Alcohol, Tocopherol, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil
         | 
         | Needless to say that I do believe in your friend's expertise
         | and intentions. I only posted this to show how impossible it is
         | for normal consumers like myself to assess sunscreen quality.
         | 
         | https://new-layer.com/collections/sunscreen/products/pro-vit...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | callumprentice wrote:
       | I copied the entries from the PDF of affected products here:
       | https://www.valisure.com/wp-content/uploads/Valisure-Citizen...
       | and cleaned it up a bit - might be useful for a first pass before
       | referring to the PDF for details:
       | 
       | Aveeno Lotion Baby Continuous Protection Sensitive Skin Sunscreen
       | Lotion Broad Spectrum SPF 50
       | 
       | Babyganics Spray Kid's Sunscreen Continuous Spray - SPF 50
       | 
       | Banana Boat Spray Kids Max Protect & Play Sunscreen CSpray SPF
       | 100
       | 
       | Banana Boat Spray Kids Max Protect & Play Sunscreen CSpray SPF
       | 100
       | 
       | Banana Boat Spray Kids Sport Sunscreen Lotion Spray SPF 50
       | 
       | Banana Boat Spray Protective Dry Oil Clear Sunscreen Spray with
       | Coconut Oil SPF 15
       | 
       | Banana Boat Spray Simply Protect Kids Sunscreen Spray SPF 50+
       | 
       | Banana Boat Spray Ultra Defense Ultra Mist Clear Sunscreen Spray
       | SPF 100
       | 
       | Banana Boat Spray Ultra Sport Clear Sunscreen Spray SPF
       | 
       | Banana Boat Spray UltraMist Deep Tanning Dry Oil Continuous Clear
       | Spray SPF 4
       | 
       | Coppertone Spray Whipped Sunscreen Lotion Spray SPF 50
       | 
       | CVS Health Gel After-sun Aloe Vera Moisturizing Gel
       | 
       | CVS Health Lotion 70 Beach Guard Sun Sunscreen SPF 70
       | 
       | CVS Health Lotion Ultra Sheer Broad Spectrum Sunscreen Lotion SPF
       | 100
       | 
       | CVS Health Lotion Ultra Sheer Lotion Broad Spectrum Sunscreen SPF
       | 45
       | 
       | CVS Health Spray After-sun Aloe Vera Soothing Spray
       | 
       | CVS Health Spray After-sunAloe Vera Soothing Spray
       | 
       | CVS Health Spray Sheer Mist Spray Broad Spectrum Uva/Uvb Cont.
       | Spray Sunscreen SPF 70
       | 
       | CVS Health Spray Sport Clear Spray Sunscreen SPF 100+
       | 
       | EltaMD Spray UV Aero Broad-Spectrum Full-Body Sunscreen Spray,
       | SPF 45
       | 
       | Equate Lotion Kids Broad Spectrum Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 50
       | 
       | Ethical Zinc Lotion Natural Clear Zinc Sunscreen SPF 50+
       | 
       | Fruit of the Earth Gel Aloe Vera Gel
       | 
       | Goodsense Lotion Sunscreen Lotion
       | 
       | La RochePosay Spray Anthelios Sunscreen Lotion Spray SPF 60
       | 
       | Live Better by CVS Health Spray Body Mineral Spray Sunscreen SPF
       | 50
       | 
       | Max Block Lotion Sport Sunscreen Lotion Water Resistance Blue 30
       | SPF
       | 
       | Max Block Lotion Sunscreen Lotion 4 Fl Oz Broad Spectrum Water
       | Resistant SPF 30
       | 
       | Neutrogena Lotion Sheer Zinc Dry-Touch Face Sunscreen SPF 50
       | 
       | Neutrogena Lotion Ultra Sheer Dry-Touch Water Resistant Sunscreen
       | SPF 70
       | 
       | Neutrogena Spray Beach Defense Oil-Free Body Sunscreen Spray -
       | SPF 100
       | 
       | Neutrogena Spray Beach Defense Spray Body Sunscreen SPF 50
       | 
       | Neutrogena Spray CoolDry Sport Water-Resistant Sunscreen Spray
       | SPF 50
       | 
       | Neutrogena Spray CoolDry Sport Water-Resistant Sunscreen Spray
       | SPF 70
       | 
       | Neutrogena Spray Invisible Daily Defense Body Sunscreen Broad
       | Spectrum SPF 60+
       | 
       | Neutrogena Spray Ultra Sheer Body Mist Sunscreen Broad Spectrum
       | SPF 30 Spray
       | 
       | Neutrogena Spray Ultra Sheer Body Mist Sunscreen Broad Spectrum
       | SPF 45
       | 
       | Neutrogena Spray Ultra Sheer Weightless Sunscreen Spray, SPF 100+
       | 
       | Neutrogena Spray Ultra Sheer Weightless Sunscreen Spray, SPF 70
       | 
       | Raw Elements Lotion Eco Formula Sunscreen Lotion SPF 30
       | 
       | Raw Elements Lotion Eco Formula Sunscreen Lotion Tin SPF 30
       | 
       | Solimo Lotion Sheer Face Sunscreen Lotion SPF 55
       | 
       | Sun Bum Gel Cool Down Gel
       | 
       | Sun Bum Lotion Oxy Free Zinc Oxide Sunscreen Lotion - SPF 50
       | 
       | Sun Bum Spray After Sun Cool Down Aloe Vera Spray
       | 
       | SunBurnt Gel Advanced After-Sun Gel
       | 
       | TopCare Everyday Lotion Sport Sunscreen Lotion SPF 70
       | 
       | TopCare Everyday Lotion Ultimate Sheer Sun Lotion Sunscreen SPF
       | 55
       | 
       | TopCare Everyday Lotion Ultimate Sheer Sunscreen Lotion SPF 70
       | 
       | Up & Up Gel Clear Aloe Vera Gel
       | 
       | Walgreens Gel After Sun Gel
       | 
       | Walgreens Lotion Broad Spectrum Sport SPF 50 Sunscreen
       | 
       | Walgreens Lotion Sport Lotion Sunscreen SPF 50
       | 
       | Walgreens Lotion Sunscreen Sport SPF 50
        
       | Geee wrote:
       | I knew it.. Skin cancer is caused by these products. No wonder
       | why skin cancer numbers are going up all the time.
        
       | jpmattia wrote:
       | My family recently went through the search for a decent sunscreen
       | and settled on this link for useful info about which sunscreens
       | have nasty chemicals: https://www.ewg.org/sunscreen/
       | 
       | Our search was not exhaustive (and I can't really vouch for the
       | link that was used) so if you have a better link, please don't
       | keep it a secret.
        
         | istorical wrote:
         | ironically after combing through EWG to look at sunscreens,
         | came to the conclusion that the absolute most conservative
         | approach is to use mineral sunscreens with non-nano zinc or
         | titanium particles. brands such as badger and raw elements are
         | in that category, but they often leave an undesirable white
         | cast. which leads one to tinted versions (that contain natural
         | pigment to make the white cream instead skin tone color).
         | 
         | but guess what, after an exhaustive search over a couple years
         | that led to Raw Elements daily moisturizer with SPF 30, it
         | turns out Raw Elements is in this list of affected products!
         | guess you just can't win!
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | I'm gonna make a radical suggestion. Maybe just try ditching
         | sunscreen altogether. Yes, it's probably true that exposure to
         | the sun increases the risk of skin cancer. But in the US skin
         | cancer accounts for fewer than 1% of all deaths.
         | 
         | In contrast the quintile of people with the highest exposure to
         | the sun have _half_ the all-cause mortality as the quintile
         | with the lowest sun exposure.[1] In particular sunbathers enjoy
         | significantly lower rates of heart disease, liver cancer, colon
         | cancer, and neurodegenerative disease.
         | 
         | It seems counterintuitive, but it's probably smart to accept
         | the higher risk of skin disease. If you quadruple your skin
         | cancer risk, but lower your heart disease risk by 10%, you're
         | still ahead of the game. Heart disease is 50 times as likely to
         | kill you.
         | 
         | Unless you're going to be outside for very extended periods of
         | time, ditch the sunscreen. It's not needed unless you're at the
         | point of burning. Getting a healthy tan is just that healthy
         | and natural.
         | 
         | [1]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24697969/
        
           | anoraca wrote:
           | Why do you feel qualified to offer medical advice like this?
           | Are you a medical doctor?
        
             | dcolkitt wrote:
             | Medical doctors are no more trained to digest scientific
             | evidence than anyone else. Especially when it comes to
             | population epidemiology.
             | 
             | Statistical illiteracy is widespread among medical
             | doctors.[1] There's no reason to trust a doctor to
             | interpret a p-value. For these types of questions you're
             | much better off listening to a data scientist because they
             | have actual training in interpretative statistics.
             | 
             | [1]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693708/
        
             | piercebot wrote:
             | They linked a study from a medical journal. Are you asking
             | for additional qualifications? Should there be restrictions
             | on who is allowed to share scholarly articles?
        
           | datameta wrote:
           | This is a somewhat counterintuitive idea that actually makes
           | sense for a lot of people. However I must note that there are
           | those taking medications that increase their skin cancer risk
           | as a side effect. For them the risk calculation may be
           | different.
        
           | smileysteve wrote:
           | Less radical suggestion; wear UPF clothing, avoid the most
           | direct sunlight part of the day; saves the chemicals, saves
           | the reefs, and reduce likelihood of skin cancer.
        
             | dzhiurgis wrote:
             | You'd get burnt in 15 minutes in NZ or AU. Maybe 30 if
             | you're in shade. Even with best protection (spf 70 and
             | shade), I still get burnt after half day on the water.
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | At the beginning of spring and summer, I need sunscreen to
           | avoid burning in a surprisingly short amount of time. Later
           | in the season when/if I've accumulated a decent tan I can go
           | without. But I usually am not shirtless and therefore not
           | tanning my upper body, so I need it pretty much no matter
           | what if I go to the beach.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > In particular sunbathers enjoy significantly lower rates of
           | heart disease, liver cancer, colon cancer, and
           | neurodegenerative disease.
           | 
           | That's mildly interesting, but without analysis that controls
           | for confounding causes, I wouldn't drive lifestyle choices.
        
         | RankingMember wrote:
         | Thanks. As amazing as the internet is for being such a wealth
         | of information, at the same time simple questions like "which
         | damn sunscreen should I buy" can end in hours of scrolling and
         | wheel-spinning. Sites like this help a lot (as long as there's
         | not a billion of them).
        
         | gwittel wrote:
         | We went through a similar search recently. Part of the
         | challenge is that the US rules are well behind Europe and Asia
         | in terms of whats OK or not ingredient wise. With the new push
         | toward reef friendly ingredients, it also complicates things.
         | Physical barriers like Zinc generally offer reasonable UVB
         | (this is the SPF rating) protection, but poor UVA (not sure
         | there is a rating in US, but you'll see PA++++... on imports).
         | 
         | Ingredients approved in EU and Asia that offer solid UVA and
         | UVB protections are not yet legal in the US [1]. So we get
         | older 'less good' or 'less reef friendly' ingredients instead.
         | 
         | We ended up buying some imported from EU sunscreen. The US
         | market formulation was actually different and lacked the UVA
         | protection.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/official-
         | correspondence/co...
        
           | axolotlgod wrote:
           | Just curious, what EU brand/brands did you end up going with?
           | I couldn't find anything specific to that on the EWG website.
        
             | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
             | I use the Shiseido brand on my family. They are benzene-
             | free according to ConsumerLab and Valisure. I believe they
             | are Japanese but readily available in the US. As a bonus,
             | it is probably the best-feeling sunscreen I've used
             | (lightweight and not clammy). Downside is a large bottle is
             | almost $50.
        
             | gwittel wrote:
             | Currently using:
             | 
             | * La Roche Posay Dermo Pediatrics Lotion SPF 50. There is a
             | USA version, but its a different active ingredient vs the
             | EU version. EU version has UVA/UVB ratings, US version is
             | UVB only due to different active ingredients.
             | 
             | * UltraSun Face Fluid SPF 50
             | 
             | Previously used:
             | 
             | * Anessa and Shiseido. Preferred the above for both feel
             | and performance.
             | 
             | * Think Kids/Baby SPF 50 (Zinc). Its OK as a physical
             | barrier, but lacks UVA protection. They also just
             | reformulated it so unclear how performance is impacted.
             | 
             | I'm not sure what EWG will say about the EU ingredients.
             | EWG tends to be very cautious, possibly too cautious. They
             | give me vibes of natural=best or over alarmist; leaving out
             | context (requires 100000x normal dose, etc.).
        
       | vvpan wrote:
       | Sprays do the worst by a big margin.
        
       | minikites wrote:
       | It seems to me that it's been proven over and over again that
       | market pressure has insufficient power to ensure consumer safety
       | or product efficacy. That argument is often a tactic to blame the
       | victim for corporate malfeasance or carelessness. For example,
       | you should actually look up what happened to the woman who
       | spilled McDonalds coffee on her lap instead of believing all of
       | the '90s sitcom jokes about it.
       | 
       | A powerful government is needed to check the power of
       | corporations and there need to be consequences for the
       | corporation and its leaders which cause actual harm, so they
       | don't just treat it as another cost to their business.
        
       | morsch wrote:
       | On a related note: _Benzophenone Accumulates over Time from the
       | Degradation of Octocrylene in Commercial Sunscreen Products_
       | 
       | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00461
        
         | jashephe wrote:
         | I'd be quite interested to see if there's any correlation
         | between Valisure's measurements and time elapsed since
         | manufacture for each lot.
        
       | Robotbeat wrote:
       | Gasoline has around 2% Benzene in it, by the way. That's
       | 20,000ppm vs 6ppm for the worst offenders here. Crazy we let
       | teenagers pump this stuff and then the rest of us just breathe in
       | the fumes.
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | Yeah but hopefully you don't rub that stuff all over your face
         | and just pump it into your car.
        
           | mod wrote:
           | I frequently get some on my hands when filling the mower or
           | doing similar tasks.
           | 
           | Touching the funnel or the pour spout. Sometimes
           | troubleshooting engines, sometimes spilling at the station.
           | 
           | I don't use sunscreen often, and I'd guess I've touched
           | gasoline more frequently than sunscreen in my life.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | I got a bunch all over me while working on the jetski this
           | weekend. Whee
        
             | soheil wrote:
             | It's important to keep in mind the exposure frequency, with
             | sunscreen some people use it daily or more.
        
             | fieryskiff11 wrote:
             | huge and freaky brah
        
         | woliveirajr wrote:
         | And some brands/products even have a 70% Std.Dev... seems to be
         | more manufacturing inconsistency and bad quality control.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | Pretty sure age is a big factor. The components of many
           | sunscreens (non mineral) break down into benzene. They
           | recommend throwing out your unused sunscreen after every
           | year.
        
             | RALaBarge wrote:
             | Sorry to ask, but did you have a source for this?
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | https://phys.org/news/2017-06-sunscreen-creams-dangerous-
               | che...
        
         | tape_measure wrote:
         | I can't tell if this is sarcasm. Anyway, I think my exposure to
         | gasoline is higher than to sunscreen.
        
           | Robotbeat wrote:
           | Not sarcasm. After driving electric for a while (used are
           | affordable... at least until the last couple months when the
           | price of used cars went through the roof), the smell of
           | gasoline seems especially pungent.
        
             | soheil wrote:
             | Funny you say that because I specially like the smell of
             | gasoline, kind of like smell of glue or diesel exhaust. I
             | know, kind of weird but I know a lot of other people who
             | are in the same boat.
        
               | kens wrote:
               | There's a relevant line from the book "Generation X"
               | about gasoline: "Isn't the smell of gasoline great? Close
               | your eyes and inhale. So _clean_. It smells like the
               | _future_. "
               | 
               | (The 1991 book "Generation X" is what popularized the
               | term "Generation X", for those who didn't know there was
               | a book.)
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | Some people are actually turned on by the smell of
               | gasoline somehow
        
               | nitrogen wrote:
               | I've heard but cannot verify that eating more potassium
               | will make it smell bad again. That is, that a mineral
               | deficiency may cause some things to smell good that
               | otherwise wouldn't.
        
               | soheil wrote:
               | Funny how seemingly unrelated stuff tells you something
               | as fundamental as this about someone. I wonder what other
               | deep secrets about our lives we're exposing that we're
               | completely unaware of by just being ourselves.
        
               | germinalphrase wrote:
               | I know someone who had an intensely positive reaction to
               | wet, musky smells (think basements, dirt, old carpets,
               | that sort of thing). Their doctor put them on vitamins
               | for a separate issue and the attraction went completely
               | away.
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | Gas stations already have fume extractors though.
        
           | gengelbro wrote:
           | Not universally, here in Colorado it's 20/80 with/without.
        
         | af16090 wrote:
         | Where did you get the 2% figure from? The EPA says "[t]he
         | national benzene content of gasoline today is about 1.0
         | vol%"[0]. Not that 1% is much better but I'm still curious
         | where your figure comes from.
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.epa.gov/gasoline-standards/gasoline-mobile-
         | sourc...
        
         | wolfretcrap wrote:
         | One day I had to siphon the gasoline out of my car for some
         | work....and I ended up with gasoline in my mouth
        
         | contemporary343 wrote:
         | This is why you should live as far away from a gas station as
         | you can!
        
       | t0mbstone wrote:
       | What if skin cancer was actually caused by sun screen?
       | 
       | Wouldn't that be ironic, don't ya think?
        
         | BTCOG wrote:
         | You can get throat cancer from simply drinking hot water daily
         | for extended periods of time. In which case, water itself is
         | the carcinogen with applied heat. Same with drinking way too
         | hot of coffee for extended years. The dose makes the poison,
         | and nearly everything (including water, a solvent itself) can
         | become a carcinogen.
        
         | spfzero wrote:
         | As ironic as obesity being caused by low-fat, high-carb diet
         | recommendations?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | No? There is nothing surprising about a cancer having more than
         | 1 cause since more than 1 thing can cause damage to DNA.
        
           | Judgmentality wrote:
           | The irony is people use sunscreen to avoid getting skin
           | cancer, and OP is pointing out it may be causing it instead.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | That's why you need to look at all-cause mortality. Trying
             | really hard to prevent one cancer may create enough other
             | issues to outweigh your efforts.
             | 
             | The benzene and sunblock ingredients aren't just absorbing
             | into the skin, but into the whole body. The evidence is
             | good that they prevent skin cancer, but...
             | 
             | The evidence on sunblock improving all-cause mortality
             | isn't clear.
             | 
             | Here's one study that didn't find a mortality difference
             | between daily and discretionary sunblock use:
             | 
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30885518/
        
             | CydeWeys wrote:
             | ... quite possibly still not as much as if they hadn't used
             | it, though. So maybe not that ironic.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Or quite possibly far more than if they hadn't used it,
               | if we're just going to make things up.
        
           | anoonmoose wrote:
           | There is something surprising about a cancer being caused by
           | a treatment that is intended to prevent that same cancer for
           | occurring though
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Oh, I misinterpreted it as the sun not causing skin cancer
             | for anyone, but rather sunscreens.
        
           | cholmon wrote:
           | Sure, but skin cancer caused by the very stuff that's
           | supposed to help prevent it? A little too ironic, I really do
           | think.
        
         | swayvil wrote:
         | It's a very neat way to make money.
         | 
         | Other possibilities :
         | 
         | A drug that promises to make you feel good that actually makes
         | you feel bad.
         | 
         | A vaccine that promises to cure you that actually makes you
         | ill.
         | 
         | An economic system that promises prosperity while creating
         | poverty.
         | 
         | Food that creates malnourishment.
         | 
         | It's pretty obvious when you think about it. All you need is a
         | bunch of cheap poison and a good marketing campaign.
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | It might be caused by using the wrong sunscreen, but there are
         | plenty of products that are safer. The Environmental Working
         | Group has a good list: https://www.ewg.org/sunscreen/
        
           | istorical wrote:
           | Raw Elements is one of the main brands you'd pick if you use
           | EWG as your sole resource in analyzing compositions, and Raw
           | Elements is on this list of affected products. So EWG may not
           | be enough.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rangoon626 wrote:
         | Take that same thinking to other personal care and cleaning
         | products, and start to go through your bathroom and kitchen.
         | You'll be surprised at what we're being low-grade poisoned with
         | each day.
        
         | mnd999 wrote:
         | Well that's what this is saying, some sunscreens contain
         | unacceptably high levels of carcinogens. It's not a huge
         | logical leap to go from there to some people getting skin
         | cancer from the sunscreen. That doesn't mean you aren't also at
         | risk of getting skin cancer from excess sun exposure.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | It's sort of a shame when there are perfectly non-
           | carcinogenic methods for avoiding the sun. Wear long-sleeves
           | and and big hat.
        
           | reader_x wrote:
           | My basic research suggests benzene exposure is not associated
           | with skin cancer: " Benzene works by causing cells not to
           | work correctly. For example, it can cause bone marrow not to
           | produce enough red blood cells, which can lead to anemia.
           | Also, it can damage the immune system by changing blood
           | levels of antibodies and causing the loss of white blood
           | cells."
           | https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp
           | 
           | Anecdotally, my mother died of multiple myeloma, a cancer
           | related to bone marrow and blood, which is often misheard as
           | "melanoma" (but that's a different cancer). Her oncologist
           | told me her cancer was associated with benzene exposure, but
           | until now I could not imagine how she might have been
           | exposed.
        
       | contemporary343 wrote:
       | A related point: check how close you (and your kids especially)
       | live/ work/ go to school near a gas station. Benzene exposure
       | from living near a gas station is surprisingly high and there's a
       | definition cancer correlation.
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | How close is close out of curiosity?
        
           | contemporary343 wrote:
           | The regulated minimum is around 300 feet, but I'd double that
           | as a minimum (and depending on wind directions):
           | https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/public-health-
           | now/news...
        
       | mocmoc wrote:
       | https://codecheck-app.com/
        
       | erulabs wrote:
       | Neutrogena is owned by Johnson and Johnson - which just payed out
       | on a case relating to cancer from baby-powders [1]. Combined with
       | Neutrogena being more or less _very high_ in benezine content and
       | J&J having a very deep suite of cancer treatment drugs [2]...
       | This seems like a horrific story of a self-fulfilling product
       | pipeline. I know they're a giant organization and suggesting
       | conspiracy is a bit insane but I can't help but think I'll be
       | avoiding J&J and all their subsidiary brands actively from here
       | on out. At very least, their quality control for one of the
       | biggest manufacturers on earth is awful.
       | 
       | 1: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/health/baby-powder-
       | cancer...
       | 
       | 2. https://www.barrons.com/articles/johnson-johnson-stock-
       | pipel...
        
         | TheManInThePub wrote:
         | > Johnson and Johnson - which just payed out on a case relating
         | to cancer from baby-powders
         | 
         | I asked this question in another post and did not get a reply.
         | 
         | The US links sited state no evidence for talc causing cancer. A
         | search of the NHS website also suggests no clear evidence [1].
         | Cancer Research (a respected UK charity) give a layman's
         | summary (albeit focusing on ovarian cancer), stating no clear
         | evidence and pointing out that there are far more serious risks
         | to worry about [2].
         | 
         | Given the above, what is the hype about? Is this because the US
         | is so _insanely_ litigious?
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.evidence.nhs.uk/search?om=[{%22ety%22:[%22Inform...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-
         | canc...
         | 
         | EDIT: Down votes for asking a genuine question? Shame on you.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | > Is this because the US is so insanely litigious?
           | 
           | Part of it is the weird setup of jury trials for civil cases,
           | especially impactful in cases revolving around fairly
           | technical, detail-oriented stuff like malpractice.
           | 
           | Twelve randomly selected lay people may not be the best
           | determiners of scientific evidence and in-depth statistical
           | analysis.
        
             | linuxftw wrote:
             | It's enough to put people to death, so it should be enough
             | for everything else.
        
               | seiferteric wrote:
               | At least that requires unanimous decisions vs civil cases
               | where it just has to be the majority.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | The legal standard for a conviction/judgement also
               | changes, from "beyond a reasonable doubt" in criminal to
               | "preponderance of the evidence" in civil- i.e. 99.9%
               | certainty becomes 51% certainty.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Twelve randomly selected lay people shouldn't get to
               | decide to allow the State to kill people, either.
        
               | linuxftw wrote:
               | No argument here. I was just point out how trivial our
               | systems are, and we still kill other humans based on the
               | feelings other humans.
        
           | swiley wrote:
           | >The US links sited state no evidence for causing cancer.
           | 
           | It's _benzine._ It 's a known carcinogen, no need for
           | empiricism here.
        
             | adrianmonk wrote:
             | The links are about talcum powder, not sunscreen. Totally
             | separate type of product that has nothing to do with
             | benzene.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | There are lots of known carcinogens for which the dosage is
             | important. For example... sunlight.
             | 
             | There's a reason the "this product contains a chemical
             | known to the State of California to cause cancer" warning
             | labels are a bit of a joke, after all.
        
               | nyolfen wrote:
               | benzene is not one of those
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | One molecule of benzene will guarantee a cancer case?
        
               | rkk3 wrote:
               | You aren't guaranteed to die from being shot in the head
               | either. However there are things which the medical
               | community recognizes have no safe level of exposure.
               | 
               | From the original article: "The toxicity of benzene in
               | humans has been well established for over 120 years. The
               | hematotoxicity of benzene has been described as early as
               | 1897. A study from 1939 on benzene stated that "exposure
               | over a long period of time to any concentration of
               | benzene greater than zero is not safe," which is a
               | comment reiterated in a 2010 review of benzene research
               | specifically stating "There is probably no safe level of
               | exposure to benzene, and all exposures constitute some
               | risk in a linear, if not supralinear, and additive
               | fashion."
        
           | kvna wrote:
           | It's presumably not the talc but the asbestos found in the
           | talc deposits that makes its way into the baby powder
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | We know that asbestos causes mesothelioma and that J&J baby
           | powders contained asbestos since talc/asbestos are often
           | found together in mines.
           | 
           | J&J knew for decades that they were shipping asbestos to
           | consumers in a powder form that's regularly inhaled -- they
           | ghost-wrote and sponsored studies to deny that asbestos
           | existed in their products and lied to the FDA in their
           | disclosures..
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-
           | report/johnsona...
           | 
           | It seems that most talc doesn't cause cancer -- but some talc
           | has "rather high" amounts of asbestos in it -- which we know
           | causes cancer.
        
             | saul_goodman wrote:
             | And guess what? Aftermarket brake pads are still made with
             | asbestos! New vehicles sold in North America no longer have
             | asbestos pads, but if you have had a vehicle long enough to
             | have new pads put on then your car almost certainly has
             | asbestos pads now!
             | 
             | https://www.theasbestosinstitute.com/2020/05/27/asbestos-
             | in-... https://www.autoserviceworld.com/jobbernews/growing-
             | threat-a...
             | 
             | So, if you happen to still do your own brake work, remember
             | to spray down the parts with a water mister before you
             | handle them to keep the dust from getting into the air.
             | Vacuuming up any brake dust left behind is probably a bad
             | idea too, wetting it down and handling as a liquid is
             | safer.
        
             | TheManInThePub wrote:
             | > It seems that most talc doesn't cause cancer -- but some
             | talc has "rather high" amounts of asbestos in it -- which
             | we know causes cancer.
             | 
             | So no evidence, just suspicion?
             | 
             | I must be blunt and say this has left me more puzzled why
             | the US courts have ruled the way they have.
             | 
             | EDIT: Down votes again for asking a question? Explain
             | yourselves. Are people defending something without
             | evidence?
        
               | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
               | It's not uncommon, science does not hold the ultimate
               | truth of the world, it's a complex system based on
               | intuition and beliefs and politics. Medical
               | responsibility is highly complex and it does not follow
               | the same rules (thankfully). In Europe, courts have been
               | compensating people who got multiple sclerosis induced by
               | the Hep B vaccine for decades even though there is no
               | evidence of a causal link.
        
               | jacobwilliamroy wrote:
               | The evidence is that there was enough asbestos in the
               | talc to cause cancer, and multiple executives at Johnson
               | and Johnson knew, and people who used it got cancer. I'm
               | not sure how you could believe the people who unknowingly
               | inhaled asbestos and rubbed it all over their babies do
               | not have standing.
        
               | TheManInThePub wrote:
               | Thank you for being the first person to post an
               | informative reply rather than down voting a question. HN
               | is turning into reddit.
               | 
               | > I'm not sure how you could believe
               | 
               | Though this is unnecessarily insulting.
               | 
               | > the people who unknowingly inhaled asbestos and rubbed
               | it all over their babies do not have standing.
               | 
               | If the concentration was so low as to be negligible (as
               | the links I have posted state) then why the successful
               | litigation? This is the question I am asking!
               | 
               | > The evidence is that there was enough asbestos in the
               | talc to cause cancer,
               | 
               | This is the evidence I am asking for. The NHS and other
               | respected UK bodies state differently. This seams to be a
               | purely US issue and I am asking why.
        
               | jacobwilliamroy wrote:
               | Researchers at Johnson & Johnson detected unsafe levels
               | of asbestos in the talc as part of their own internal
               | testing. There are internal emails that show high level
               | executives asking researchers to switch to a less
               | sensitive test which would allow them to make the
               | concentration of asbestos appear lower than it really
               | was. I remember that when the story first dropped, the
               | people writing J&J's press releases were very careful to
               | use only the present tense when discussing the asbestos
               | levels in their talcum products which implies to me that
               | they did eventually rectify it. That's all I know. I
               | didn't follow the story for very long.
        
               | contrahax wrote:
               | The information in the article posted by the person
               | you're responding to answers your questions - J&J knew
               | their product had high levels of asbestos and hid it from
               | regulators while doing nothing about it. There absolutely
               | was evidence of this, if you would read any of the
               | information posted above. If I sold you a bottle of water
               | with enough asbestos in it to give you cancer, knew about
               | it, and didn't tell you: that would be illegal - it is
               | pretty straightforward.
        
               | foerbert wrote:
               | Can't even downvote myself, but my guess is that it's
               | related to the extremity of your position. It sounds a
               | lot like you're saying since we know cyanide is poisonous
               | by itself, it's very strange to be able to win a lawsuit
               | if you find significant amounts of cyanide in your bread.
               | Most bread is fine, right? So merely finding cyanide in
               | it should only count as suspicion of a problem and not
               | count as evidence... seems to be what you're saying.
        
               | telchar wrote:
               | That's an interesting example to choose, because almonds
               | have a small amount of cyanide naturally. I think that
               | highlights that quantity matters
        
               | TheManInThePub wrote:
               | Cyanide occurs naturally in apple cores. It is the dose
               | that makes the poison.
               | 
               | The UK links I have cited say the low levels are not an
               | issue. I've genuinely asked what evidence the US courts
               | are using and I appear to have come up against group
               | think. I did not expect this on HN.
               | 
               | I'd genuinely appreciate it if somebody can provide
               | evidence citing the risk is other than negligible.
        
               | craftinator wrote:
               | Asbestos -> Cancer.
               | 
               | Safe amount = 0.
        
               | TheManInThePub wrote:
               | What an inane response. Perhaps I can counter with
               | 
               | Alcohol -> Cancer.
               | 
               | Safe amount = 0.
               | 
               | Alcohol content of fresh bread > 0
        
               | foerbert wrote:
               | This is why I specified significant amounts, but the
               | exact details of my highly contrived example are
               | obviously not that important.
               | 
               | If you phrased it the way you phased this response, I
               | think you would have gotten a better response.
               | 
               | You didn't phrase it as "I have reason to believe certain
               | levels are not a problem, and I am unaware of the levels
               | recorded in the lawsuit. Where they high enough to be a
               | problem?"
               | 
               | You instead phrased it far more absolute terms that
               | stated that 'merely' finding a dangerous substance in a
               | product was not evidence of it being dangerous. It
               | absolutely is evidence. It may not be sufficient evidence
               | on it's own, but each piece of evidence does not need to
               | be sufficient to prove the case entirely on it's own.
               | Your statements have also carried the extremely strong
               | implication - and that's being generous - that the US
               | courts were definitely wrong. I don't think anybody read
               | your posts and thought you were requesting information
               | and not stating a strong position in defense of J&J.
               | 
               | People have limited time and effort. You made it as
               | difficult as possible to get the information you wished.
               | I wouldn't blame this one on HN groupthink.
        
               | njovin wrote:
               | From the parent comment's link:
               | 
               | > A Reuters examination of many of those documents, as
               | well as deposition and trial testimony, shows that from
               | at least 1971 to the early 2000s, the company's raw talc
               | and finished powders sometimes tested positive for small
               | amounts of asbestos, and that company executives, mine
               | managers, scientists, doctors and lawyers fretted over
               | the problem and how to address it while failing to
               | disclose it to regulators or the public.
               | 
               | I think you're being downvoted for not RTFA, not for
               | asking a question.
        
               | TheManInThePub wrote:
               | > sometimes tested positive for small amounts of asbestos
               | 
               | And the question I have asked is where is the evidence
               | that such small quantities are a risk? The UK links I
               | have posted suggest otherwise. This is why I am asking.
               | 
               | I'm puzzled... are the US courts are saying "OMG
               | Asbestos" rather than looking at safe levels? What if the
               | same courts said "OMG 5G" ! This is why I am asking a
               | genuine question.
        
               | gmadsen wrote:
               | conspiracy to falsify info to regulators is a crime by
               | itself
        
               | 0xFF0123 wrote:
               | As other comments have pointed out, talcum powder in its
               | pure form is talc, which is a mineral and safe. The issue
               | is that some cosmetics were contaminated with asbestos,
               | which is not safe.
        
               | alsetmusic wrote:
               | If this gets another "shame on you" edit, I'd reflect on
               | we people are downvoting you. Fwiw, I haven't voted on
               | your comments either way.
        
               | TheManInThePub wrote:
               | If people could explain why they are down voting honest
               | questions I would appreciate it.
               | 
               | I've never heard of claimed talc-cancer links in the UK.
        
               | rkk3 wrote:
               | Because there is no safe level of exposure to asbestos.
               | 
               | From the above Reuters article "The World Health
               | Organization and other authorities recognize no safe
               | level of exposure to asbestos. While most people exposed
               | never develop cancer, for some, even small amounts of
               | asbestos are enough to trigger the disease years later."
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-
               | report/johnsona...
        
               | makomk wrote:
               | As I understand it, there's also trace levels of
               | naturally-occurring asbestos pretty much everywhere
               | humans live, so there's also no way to completely avoid
               | exposure.
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | The impact is cumulative so unavoidable environmental
               | exposure _increases_ the concern about additional
               | exposure from consumer products.
        
               | acomjean wrote:
               | Asbestos has to be in a "friable" form for it to be bad.
               | The particles are so small they can get into deep your
               | lungs.
               | 
               | I actually was at a landfill expansion project where a
               | backhoe digging down through the trash hit some bags
               | labeled asbestos. I'm glad it was raining. Also worked in
               | a building with asbestos in the floor tiles. Fine when
               | not disturbed, but anytime they had to remove them it was
               | a production.
               | 
               | https://ehs.oregonstate.edu/asb-when
               | 
               | https://www.fs.fed.us/eng/toolbox/haz/haz07b.htm
        
               | jliptzin wrote:
               | In high school I helped a friend rip up the floor tiles
               | in his basement which were probably from the 50s. Years
               | later I realized I could have been exposed to asbestos,
               | is there any way to know whether asbestos would have been
               | in the particular tiles I was ripping up?
        
               | soperj wrote:
               | You can get the tiles tested if you still have access to
               | any of them.
        
               | TheManInThePub wrote:
               | > Because there is no safe level of exposure to asbestos.
               | 
               | I think we are getting to the bottom of this :-)
               | 
               | The UK Health and Safety Executive state...
               | 
               | "The control limit for asbestos is 0.1 asbestos fibres
               | per cubic centimetre of air (0.1 f/cm3). The control
               | limit is not a 'safe' level and exposure from work
               | activities involving asbestos must be reduced to as far
               | below the control limit as possible."[1]
               | 
               | Maybe this is where the differences arise. The UK are
               | comfortable with a minimum practical level where risks
               | are very low, whereas the US state none at all.
               | 
               | Thank you for helping answer a question and not
               | mindlessly clicking on down vote. HN is beginning to turn
               | into Reddit rather than seeking inquisitive
               | technical/scientific conversation.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.hse.gov.uk/asbestos/regulations.htm
        
               | rkk3 wrote:
               | That link has to deal with regulation and risk mitigation
               | for removing Asbestos, not selling a consumer product
               | with Asbestos.
               | 
               | The UK took its time but they did fully ban Asbestos in
               | 1999.
        
           | matco11 wrote:
           | Talc is a mineral in clay mined from underground deposits.
           | It's the softest mineral known to man and that makes it
           | useful in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.
           | Asbestos is also found underground, and veins of it can often
           | be found in talc deposits, leading to a risk of cross-
           | contamination, geologists say.
           | 
           | Full article here:
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/14/business/talc-asbestos-
           | po...
        
           | pkaye wrote:
           | Talc comes from the ground so sometimes there are veins of
           | asbestos deposits interspersed. I think they screen out those
           | sections with high asbestos contents but it might not be
           | perfect enough so there might be trace contents.
        
           | gameswithgo wrote:
           | I see people started downvoting this, if you do, please
           | explain why.
        
             | jacksnipe wrote:
             | Because J&J didn't get in trouble for talc being
             | carcinogenic. J&J got in trouble for their talc being
             | contaminated with asbestos, which is definitely
             | carcinogenic.
        
             | dqv wrote:
             | You have got to give people more than 6 minutes to respond
             | with a counter-argument, especially if you want a
             | thoughtful answer.
        
         | leesalminen wrote:
         | Makes you wonder what else J&J could be doing to other products
         | they manufacture.
        
         | chmod600 wrote:
         | I didn't find neutrogena in the original article or either of
         | your links. Where does it say that's high in benzene?
        
           | hristov wrote:
           | The original article has a link to a petition the lab is
           | making to the government. There they show a table of
           | sunscreens sorted by concentration of benzene. Most of the
           | top 20 entries are nutrogena.
        
             | notacoward wrote:
             | I think that's a bit misleading. The clearest pattern I see
             | in that data is that _sprays_ are particularly bad. The top
             | of the list is dominated by them, out of all proportion to
             | their prevalence in the market overall. Any manufacturer
             | who makes a lot of different products, and particularly
             | spray products, is likely to have some entries on that
             | list. Indeed, if you look at Appendix A (the  "not
             | detected" list) you'll find a ton of other products from
             | Neutrogena, Banana Boat, and all the other big players. And
             | a much lower percentage of sprays.
             | 
             | Without adjusting for the number of products a vendor
             | makes, and how closely they're related (e.g. 70SPF vs.
             | 50SPF versions of the same thing), you're going to get the
             | wrong idea of who the "bad guys" are. For example, "Fruit
             | of the Earth" has only one product on either list, and it's
             | on the bad one. Would you buy their product over a
             | Neutrogena gel or lotion?
        
         | nashashmi wrote:
         | JnJ tries to label each product differently so that bad name
         | from one does not affect the name of the other. Such as in the
         | case of Tylenol recall.
         | 
         | How do you know that other product lines are not affected by
         | one raw supplier. Maybe there was some pollutant in a supply of
         | product A that lots of companies use and put in their own
         | products. They would also be affected.
        
         | omgwtfbyobbq wrote:
         | From what I've seen, it's not that uncommon (eg the GM street
         | car consipiracy). Companies aren't as overt as they used to be,
         | but I think they still do it. One example I'm curious about is
         | investment firms ownership in US car companies prior to the
         | spike in oil prices and great recession.
        
           | ChickeNES wrote:
           | > From what I've seen, it's not that uncommon (eg the GM
           | street car consipiracy).
           | 
           | And much like the GM street car conspiracy it's just that, a
           | conspiracy theory:
           | https://la.curbed.com/2017/9/20/16340038/los-angeles-
           | streetc...
        
         | JoeyBananas wrote:
         | I'm sure glad I took that Johnson and Johnson vaccine
        
         | buovjaga wrote:
         | All around classy company:
         | https://highline.huffingtonpost.com/miracleindustry/americas...
         | 
         | Quote from the article:
         | 
         | "Oh, they've already reserved for that stuff," one of them told
         | me during a coffee break. He meant that in Johnson & Johnson's
         | financials, there had been money taken from earnings and put
         | into a column vaguely called "accrued liabilities," in order to
         | account for the expected billions that might still have to be
         | paid out in verdicts or settlements.
         | 
         | --------
         | 
         | I wonder how their accrued liabilities column looks like for
         | the sunscreen products.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | _They will settle for 50 million. And sure, that 's a lot of
           | money, but not to them, not really. We started a rainy-day
           | fund just for this occasion. The fund itself has already made
           | five times that amount._
        
           | infogulch wrote:
           | If anybody ever wondered, this is a concrete example of what
           | it looks like when a company treats its negative
           | externalities as a "cost of doing business".
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | In America, you could have a product that saves 1000 lives
             | but kills 1, and you'll get your pants sued off for the
             | one.
        
               | foerbert wrote:
               | This is one of those things that sounds bad on first
               | glance, but doesn't withstand deeper scrutiny. It's
               | largely either a good thing or else not true.
               | 
               | If the 1000 lives were not in imminent danger or else
               | could have been saved by other means, it's not trivially
               | true that only killing 1 in 1000 should be neglected. How
               | does that compare to the alternative methods? Could it
               | have been avoided with small or reasonable changes to the
               | product? Were people properly informed of the risks?
               | There's a bunch of stuff to unpack here. It's not
               | trivially and obviously true that it's A Bad Thing to get
               | sued if you save 1000 lives and kill 1.
               | 
               | On the other hand, if you are in the situation where
               | those 1000 people are absolutely going to die imminently,
               | your product has the only possible chance of saving them,
               | and in the end 1 person dies sooner than they would have
               | without treatment... you're not going to see a major and
               | massive lawsuit out of this. You can be sued, but your
               | annoying neighbor can also sue you for being annoying if
               | they want. Doesn't mean it'll go anywhere, or that you'll
               | lose your pants from it.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The government provides immunity for vaccine producers
               | because of this.
               | 
               | Another example is nuclear power.
        
             | gameswithgo wrote:
             | That is sort of an inevitable human behavior, you just have
             | to make the cost high enough.
        
               | loceng wrote:
               | And continue the liability to include the chains of
               | command during the times of malpractice.
        
             | abfan1127 wrote:
             | this is interesting. Given the biodiversity of human
             | beings, it should be safe to say that any product may have
             | negative consequences at scale. Certainly the HN crowd can
             | appreciate what it means to work at scale. The fact that
             | J&J knows these consequences exist and plans for them makes
             | them evil? If your company planned on extra engineering
             | resources strictly to assist launch issues, is that evil?
             | 
             | Evil comes from them knowing issues and shipping anyways
             | (see the opioid crisis). Being prepared for adverse
             | outcomes is just common sense.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | One is accepting the risk of not knowing almost infinite
               | amount of chemical interaction of human bodies vs some
               | novel chemistry but still maximizing the safety as its
               | simply the right thing to do for everybody long term,
               | including J&J. The other is accepting the usage of
               | highly-questionable-at-best compounds as part of baby
               | care products, because current bonuses take priority
               | above everything else.
               | 
               | Evil comes in many ways. This can be argued is just
               | massive negligence and ignorance, or even arrogance. As a
               | father, when all this topic is paired with babies, I
               | don't mind calling it evil and treat it as such.
        
               | abfan1127 wrote:
               | agreed on all points, except the assumption of evil.
               | There is certainly evil in the world, yet "never
               | attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by
               | stupidity".
               | 
               | Malice or stupidity, they both should be held
               | accountable. They are prepared to be held accountable
               | using this fund.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlon%27s_razor
        
               | msrenee wrote:
               | I'd say greed falls somewhere much closer to malice than
               | stupidity.
        
               | romseb wrote:
               | There are benzene-free sunscreen products on the market
               | and J&J could sell such products, but instead they decide
               | not to in order to make more profit.
        
               | abfan1127 wrote:
               | why would they add benzene to products? how does adding
               | it make it cheaper to increase profits? Its not like some
               | shady benzene dealer pays J&J to sprinkle it in, but only
               | at really low levels (2-6 ppm). Its not like they chose
               | benzene as an active ingredient over zinc oxide.
               | 
               | Engineers are asked all the time on ways to save money.
               | Did they skip a processing step? is their process control
               | not optimized? Of course they are pressured to improve.
               | Lower costs drive down consumer prices and increase
               | profits (thanks 401k).
               | 
               | https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-
               | reports/exclusives/9279...
        
               | an_opabinia wrote:
               | They don't add anything to their products. Someone in
               | China submits the lowest bid to make the thing, passing
               | on sweatshop savings to J&J. So how then does the
               | _manufacturer_ make a profit? By skimping on the raw
               | materials.
               | 
               | The root cause isn't the supply chain or transparency or
               | QA or whatever. It's the attractiveness of too-good-to-
               | be-true deals.
        
           | The_Beta wrote:
           | This is standard accounting principles. GAAP/IFRS accounting
           | require you to do this. It's not malicious
        
           | intricatedetail wrote:
           | If penalty can be labelled as a cost of doing business, is it
           | really a penalty?
        
         | dzhiurgis wrote:
         | Ironically Neutrogena received best rating when measuring their
         | SPF (according to Consumer NZ). It's my favourite too as it
         | actually works, while zinc ones my partner touts are pain to
         | apply and don't really work that well in extreme sun.
         | 
         | From my previous research the benzene is confused with sodium
         | benzene which is safe and widespread. Perhaps manufacture of it
         | leave some trace.
        
       | throwkeep wrote:
       | I don't understand why people are so eager to slather chemicals
       | on their skin, when we evolved with the sun and it's not hard for
       | most people to avoid sun burn. You just have get sun exposure on
       | a somewhat regular basis (healthy to do anyway) and acclimate
       | between seasons (ie, don't go abruptly from no sun to all the
       | sun).
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | In New Zealand in summer the burn time gets down to below 10
         | minutes. Light clothing isn't enough to protect skin.
         | 
         | I have burnt a child though their t-shirt. I have burnt my eyes
         | and have burnt my skin rather too often.
         | 
         | Even vaguely light skin gets burnt with a short duration
         | exposure in January or February.
         | 
         | I think you are under-appreciating people fierce it gets.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | We evolved to be fertile in about 15 years then die after
         | rearing young. There is no fitness advantage to being resistant
         | to skin cancer and living into your silver years. You will have
         | already bred and passed on your skincancer susceptible genetic
         | information to your offspring by the time it kills you.
         | Evolution isn't the story of perfect, it's the story of just
         | good enough to make progeny.
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | leesalminen wrote:
         | I live at altitude (~8000 ft) and have very fair skin. I burn
         | within 20 minutes of being in direct sunlight. So, I'm not sure
         | what it is I'm supposed to do.
        
           | chabes wrote:
           | I have very fair skin and used to burn easily, but now I
           | don't wear sunscreen 99% of the time I would have in the
           | past. I just make sure to go outside regularly (starting in
           | the winter months, here in the northern hemisphere) and
           | expose my body to the sun, all year, and not just during
           | vacation months.
           | 
           | UV intensity changes with the seasons. Expose your skin to
           | the sun when UVs are lower and your skin will adjust to the
           | higher UV levels slowly over time.
           | 
           | Before the industrial revolution, lots of work was outdoors,
           | such as farming. Changes in industry drove folks to work more
           | indoors, in factories and offices. Combine that with the
           | culture of working all year and vacationing in the
           | summertime. Folks stayed inside when UV intensity was
           | manageable, and went outside for the bulk of their vacation,
           | when UV levels were more intense. No wonder people think they
           | need a product to protect their skin at all times from UVs.
           | 
           | I'm not against sunscreen. I'm against unnecessary use of a
           | product that encourages more use of said product. At high
           | altitude, I'll sometimes put zinc on my nose and ears, though
           | I usually wear long sleeves to protect the arms.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | The idea that you simply need to tan or lay out in the sun
             | to become resistant to skin cancer is a fallacy. That's not
             | how your body works. There is chemical damage to your DNA
             | taking place that your body is actively repairing, but your
             | repair mechanism isn't perfect. There is an inherent error
             | rate. Increase exposure to sun, you are more likely to roll
             | the dice and have a damaged cell that evades detection by
             | your repair mechanisms, and all cells that come from this
             | one damaged cell will also have this mutation that makes
             | them invisible to your defense mechanisms. these cells can
             | slough off the mass and slip into your circulatory system
             | and take root elsewhere in your body. Bob Marley died of
             | skin cancer, and he was plenty tan.
        
               | chabes wrote:
               | Not saying fair skin people need a tan. I'm still fair
               | skinned, even though I am outside often.
               | 
               | Nor am I calling for simply increasing exposure to
               | sunlight.
               | 
               | All good things in moderation. There's a balance to be
               | found between adequate sun exposure and overexposure.
               | 
               | The best way is intermittent exposure. A little here and
               | a little there. Hang out in the shade of trees in the
               | heat of the day, out of direct light, but exposed to
               | healthy amounts of ambient UV. Early and late hours of
               | the day have lower UV levels as well. Just need to be
               | more conscious about factors like that.
        
           | LgWoodenBadger wrote:
           | I have taken to buying long-sleeved (and hooded) fishing gear
           | to wear outdoors in the spring and summer. With modern
           | synthetics it's not bad at all, certainly better than cotton.
           | Same with pants.
        
           | fallingfrog wrote:
           | I used to be like that, but I started going outside for a 10
           | minute walk with a t shirt on every day. (I wore a wide brim
           | hat.) Now, I never get sunburned. My skin doesn't look any
           | different but it stands up to sunlight a lot better. Ymmv
        
           | ping_pong wrote:
           | I think what OP is suggesting is to go out 1 min the first
           | day, 2 mins the second day, etc, until you have built up
           | enough melanin in your skin and have a natural defense
           | against it.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | Is there any basis to this theory, at all, in science?
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | Bob marley died of skin cancer, and he was certainly tan.
               | 
               | There is a documented difference between caucasians and
               | other races with skin cancer rates:
               | 
               | "[skin cancer] represents ~ 35-45% of all neoplasms in
               | Caucasians, 4-5% in Hispanics, 2-4% in Asians, and 1-2%
               | in Blacks."
               | 
               | What strikes me about this is that it's only caucasians
               | that have elevated rates here. Many asians are light
               | skinned but score similarly here to blacks. While it is
               | tempting to conclude melanin offers protection and that
               | is one theory laid out in this paper, I think there are
               | confounding variables here that elevate the risk among
               | caucasion populations relative to Asian populations that
               | have about the same skin tones.
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2757062/
        
               | BTCOG wrote:
               | Of course there is. It's called acclimatization to UV.
               | Humans, plants, animals are all living beings exposed to
               | solar radiation.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | There is no fitness advantage to being resistant to UV
               | rays. natural selection isn't about you living a long and
               | happy life. It's about you living long enough to breed
               | and rear offspring and whatever happens afterwards
               | doesn't really matter, as it's not selected for. Humans
               | are fertile in 15 years. You can get skin cancer and
               | still make successful progeny.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | According to what I was taught and also the FDA websites, a
             | tan is skin damage and increases the risk of skin cancer.
             | 
             | https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-
             | products/tanning/risk...
        
           | BTCOG wrote:
           | Wear a gardening/fishing type hat, wear long sleeve shirts
           | that are cool breathing, and wear jeans/pants throughout the
           | summer. I was out gardening for 7 hours straight this past
           | Sunday in 86 degree weather with high UV index and by wearing
           | the type of clothing to cover your skin you'll be able to
           | stay out for hours without burning. Also you'll of course
           | want to take measured breaks and cool downs. Look at how
           | people have to dress in middle-Eastern countries for a
           | reference point. Keep most the skin covered. This way, you
           | may only need to apply any sunscreen to the tops of the
           | hands/fingers.
        
         | ajkdhcb2 wrote:
         | I encourage you to learn about rates of skin cancer in
         | Australia. Most people get it. People of european genetics
         | didnt evolve to live there
         | 
         | In other countries you may have a point, I am not sure
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rsync wrote:
         | "It's not hard for most people to avoid sun burn. You just have
         | get sun exposure on a somewhat regular basis ..."
         | 
         | Or, even simpler, and less controversial:
         | 
         | Just buy some super lightweight, long sleeved shirts ... like
         | capilene zero or equivalent. And put on a sun hat.
         | 
         | Problem solved.
        
           | throwkeep wrote:
           | Yes, thanks, I should have added that too.
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | Those of us in the US and Australia who are of northern
         | European ancestry are descended from people who lived at much
         | higher latitudes than where we live now. So no, we didn't
         | evolve with the sun that we're currently dealing with, but a
         | much weaker one that was lower in the sky.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | I hope this isn't a newsflash to anyone, but you don't need to
         | get sunburnt to get heightened skin cancer risk from sun
         | exposure.
        
         | gameswithgo wrote:
         | I mean, you ever been to a beach? You can't acclimate to being
         | out at the beach all day.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Some people can. I am one. I will burn if I don't ramp up to
           | it, but I eventually get very brown and can stay out all day
           | without burning.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | It's the browning that some of us are tying to avoid - it
             | comes with a heightened risk of skin cancers, which is very
             | unfortunate as my unhealthy pallor could do with it.
             | 
             | https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-
             | products/tanning/risk...
        
         | EForEndeavour wrote:
         | This bad advice would raise the rate of perfectly preventable
         | skin cancer if people followed it, which we absolutely should
         | not.
        
         | lambdaba wrote:
         | It's because people's body fat has shifted towards
         | polyunsaturated fats since they were told to avoid saturated
         | fat.
         | 
         | Eating saturated fat and avoiding polyunsaturated fat I don't
         | sunburn anymore. At all.
        
       | mixmastamyk wrote:
       | Most numerous listed: Neutrogena, CVS brand, Banana Boat.
        
         | Scene_Cast2 wrote:
         | If numerous Dell laptop variants and MacBook Pro were affected
         | by some vulnerability, could still mean that the majority of
         | the vulnerable laptops are MacBook Pros.
         | 
         | The interesting thing to me would be the ratio of shipped
         | products by a brand that are affected. And maybe the total
         | number of affected units.
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | "Ain't nobody got time for that." Maybe if you love shopping.
        
       | SloopJon wrote:
       | I don't have a sense of how big a deal this is, but I had a
       | totally random thought I after I read this:
       | 
       | > FDA currently recognizes the high danger of this compound and
       | lists it as a "Class 1 solvent" that "should not be employed in
       | the manufacture of drug substances, excipients, and drug products
       | because of their unacceptable toxicity ... However, if their use
       | is unavoidable in order to produce a drug product with a
       | significant therapeutic advance, then their levels should be
       | restricted" and benzene is restricted under such guidance to 2
       | parts per million ("ppm").
       | 
       | This reminds me of a story I heard about Kosher Coca-Cola. They
       | had designed it such that its impurities were below a certain
       | threshold. (Googling it now, the ingredient in question was
       | glycerin derived from non-Kosher beef tallow.) However, the
       | consulting rabbi explained that the threshold only applied to
       | accidental impurities; you can't put them in on purpose.
        
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